722:, NTNU) or other universities. Historically there was no bachelor's degree involved and today's program is a five years master's degree education. The "Siv.ing" title is in the process of being phased out, replaced by (for now, complemented by) the "M.Sc." title. By and large, "Siv.ing" is a title tightly being held on to for the sake of tradition. In academia, the new program offers separate three-year bachelor and two-year master programs. It is awarded in the natural sciences, mathematics and computer science fields. The completion of a scientific thesis is required. All master's degrees are designed to certify a level of education and qualify for a doctorate program.
72:
746:(the regulatory body of higher education in Pakistan), the traditional 2-year Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree has been replaced by the 4-year Bachelor of Science degree, which is abbreviated as B.S. to enable the Pakistani degrees with the rest of the world. Subsequently, students who pass a 4-year B.S. degree that is awarded after 16 years of education are then eligible to apply for M.S. degree, which is considered at par with Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) degree.
837:
level) and sometimes up to 2 years of full-time study (or the equivalent period part-time). Taught master's degrees are normally classified into Pass, Merit and
Distinction (although some universities do not give Merit). Some universities also offer MSc by research programs, where a longer project or set of projects is undertaken full-time; master's degrees by research are normally pass/fail, although some universities may offer a distinction.
83:
864:) degree is normally a full-time two-year degree often abbreviated "MS" or "M.S." It is the primary type in most subjects and may be entirely course-based, entirely research-based or (more typically) a combination of the two. The combination often involves writing and defending a thesis or completing a research project which represents the culmination of the material learned.
848:), is an undergraduate (UG) level integrated master's degree offered by UK institutions since the 1990s. It is offered as a first degree with the first three (four in Scotland) years similar to a BSc course and a final year (120 UK credits) at master's level, including a dissertation. The final MSci qualification is thus at the same level as a traditional MSc.
828:
mostly a research degree, except for some types of programs held with cooperation of foreign universities. The student typically attends courses in the first year of the program and should then prepare a research thesis. Publishing two research papers is recommended and will increase the final evaluation grade.
810:. It usually involves 1 or 2 years of full-time study. It is targeted at pre-experience candidates who have recently finished their undergraduate studies. An MSc degree can be awarded in every field of study. An MSc degree is required in order to progress to a PhD. MSci, MPhil and DEA are equivalent in Spain.
725:
Master of
Science in Business is the English title for those taking a higher business degree, "Siviløkonom" in Norwegian. In addition, there is, for example, the 'Master of Business Administration' (MBA), a practically oriented master's degree in business, but with less mathematics and econometrics,
359:
Like all EU member states, Finland follows the
Bologna Process. The Master of Science (M.Sc.) academic degree usually follows the Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) studies which typically last five years. For the completion of both the bachelor and the master studies the student must accumulate a total of
836:
The Master of
Science (MSc) is typically a taught postgraduate degree, involving lectures, examinations and a project dissertation (normally taking up a third of the program). Master's programs usually involve a minimum of 1 year of full-time study (180 UK credits, of which 150 must be at master's
317:
title). Writing a thesis (in both master's and bachelor's programs) and passing final exams are necessary to obtain the degree. It is mostly the case that the final exams cover the main study areas of the whole study program, i.e. a student is required to prove their knowledge in the subjects they
146:
degree, the Master of
Science degree is typically granted for studies in sciences, engineering and medicine and is usually for programs that are more focused on scientific and mathematical subjects; however, different universities have different conventions and may also offer the degree for fields
663:
Like all EU member states, the
Netherlands follows the Bologna Process. In the past graduates of applied universities (HBO) were excluded from using titles such as MSc, as HBO institutions are formally not universities but polytechnic institutions of higher education. However, since 2014 academic
592:
Like all EU member states, Ireland follows the
Bologna Process. In Ireland, Master of Science (MSc) may be course-based with a research component or entirely research based. The program is most commonly a one-year program and a thesis is required for both course-based and research based degrees.
875:
program may require a master's degree. In some fields or graduate programs, work on a doctorate can begin immediately after the bachelor's degree. Some programs provide for a joint bachelor's and master's degree after about five years. Some universities use the Latin degree names and due to the
827:
The Master of
Science is a degree that can be studied only in public universities. The program is usually 2 years, but it can be extended to 3 or 4 years. The student is required to pass a specific bachelor's degree to attend a specific Master of Science degree program. The master of science is
818:
Like all EU member states, Sweden follows the
Bologna Process. The Master of Science academic degree has, like in Germany, recently been introduced in Sweden. Students studying Master of Science in Engineering programs are rewarded both the English Master of Science Degree, but also the Swedish
547:
In India, universities offer MS programs usually in sciences discipline. Generally, post-graduate scientific courses lead to MS degree while post-graduate engineering courses lead to ME or MTech degree. For example, a master's in automotive engineering would normally be an ME or MTech, while a
459:
of the same length. Defense of a research thesis is required. All master's degrees qualify for a doctorate program. Depending on the country, one ECTS credit point can equal on average between 22 and 30 actual study hours. In most of these cases, the number of required attendance hours to the
384:
programs that typically lasted four to five years. It is awarded in science-related studies with a high percentage of mathematics. For the completion the student must accumulate 300 ECTS Credits, thus most
Masters programs are two-year programs with 120 credits. The completion of a scientific
776:
The degree is awarded predominantly in the natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, economics, as well as in the arts and other disciplines. Those who graduate from an engineering program prior to being awarded a master's degree are allowed to use the "mgr inĹĽ." pre-nominal ("master
754:
Like all EU member states, Poland follows the Bologna Process. The Polish equivalent of Master of Science is "magister" (abbreviated "mgr", written pre-nominally much like "Dr"). Starting in 2001, the MSc programs typically lasting 5 years began to be replaced as below:
793:
The title of "master" was introduced by Alexander I at 24 January 1803. The Master had an intermediate position between the candidate and doctor according to the decree "About colleges structure". The master's degree was abolished from 1917 to 1934. Russia follows the
292:
Like all EU member states, the Republic of Cyprus follow the Bologna Process. Universities in Cyprus have used either "MagĂster Scientiae or Artium" or Master of Arts/Science for a master's degree with 90 to 120 ECTS and duration of studies between 1, 2 and 5 years.
742:. Master of Science degree is typically abbreviated as M.Sc. (as in the United Kingdom) and which is awarded after 16 years of education (equivalent with a bachelor's degree in the US and many other countries). Recently, in pursuance to some of the reforms by the
321:
Ing. (Engineer) degrees are usually awarded for master's degrees achieved in the Natural Sciences or Mathematics-heavy study programmes, whereas an Mgr. (Magister) is generally awarded for Master's studies in social sciences, humanities and the arts.
312:
Prior to reforms for compliance with the Bologna process, a master's degree could only be obtained after 5 years of uninterrupted study. Under the new system, it takes only 2 years but requires a previously completed 3-year bachelor's program (a
1050:
330:
The Master of Science (M.Sc.) is an academic degree for post-graduate candidates or researchers, it usually takes from 4 to 7 years after passing the Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree. Master programs are awarded in many sciences in the
247:
In the province of Quebec, the Master of Science follows the same principles as in the rest of Canada. There is one exception, however, regarding admission to a master's program. Since Québécois students complete two to three years of
233:
In Canada, Master of Science (MSc) degrees may be entirely course-based, entirely research-based or (more typically) a mixture. Master's programs typically take one to three years to complete and the completion of a scientific
563:
offer an MS degree for postgraduate engineering courses. This degree is considered a research-oriented degree whereas MTech or ME degree is usually not a research degree in India. MS degree is also awarded by various
267:
While some students complete their master's program, others use it as a bridge to doctoral research programs. After one year of study and research in the master's program, many students become eligible to apply to a
238:
is often required. Admission to a master's program is contingent upon holding a four-year university bachelor's degree. Some universities require a master's degree in order to progress to a doctoral program (PhD).
182:
Australian universities commonly have coursework or research-based Master of Science courses for graduate students. They typically run for 1–2 years full-time, with varying amounts of research involved.
698:
New Zealand universities commonly have coursework or research-based Master of Science courses for graduate students. They typically run for 2 years full-time, with varying amounts of research involved.
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track. The latter was replaced by the Master of Science (M.Sc.) academic degree. This system was not exclusive to scientific degrees and was also used for other programs like law and literature.
1076:"VlSTO la Resolucion (CD) No 2512118 de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales por la que solicita la aprobacion del plan de estudios de la carrera de Licenciatura en Ciencias Biologicas"
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In Israel, Master of Science (MSc) may be entirely course-based or include research. The program is most commonly a two-year program and a thesis is required only for research based degrees.
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degrees may be entirely course-based, entirely research-based or most commonly a mixture. Master's programs typically take two to three years to complete and the completion of a scientific
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programs were abandoned – after earning an M.Sc. degree and satisfying other academic requirements a student could proceed to earn a doctor of science degree directly, or skip M.Sc. if the
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program lasts long enough for the student to accumulate a total of 120 ECTS credits, so its duration would depend on a number of credits acquired during the bachelor studies. Pre-Bologna
711:" (engineer, a.k.a. engineering master) and "Hovedfag" (academic master). Both were awarded after 5 years of university-level studies and required the completion of a scientific thesis.
301:
Like all EU member states, Czech Republic and Slovakia follow the Bologna Process. Czech Republic and Slovakia both award two different types of master's degrees; both award a title of
147:
typically considered within the humanities and social sciences. While it ultimately depends upon the specific program, earning a Master of Science degree typically includes writing a
548:
master's in physics would be an MS. A few top universities also offer combined undergraduate-postgraduate programs leading to a master's degree which is known as integrated masters.
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714:"Siv.ing", is a protected title exclusively awarded to engineering students who completed a five-year education at The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (
539:
have Master of Science courses as postgraduate degrees. Students who have completed undergraduate Bachelor of Science degree are eligible to study in this discipline.
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Norway follows the Bologna Process. For engineering, the Master of Science academic degree has been recently introduced and has replaced the previous award forms "
252:
before entering university, they have the opportunity to complete a bachelor's degree in three years instead of four. Some undergraduate degrees such as the
260:
requires four years of study. Following the obtention of their bachelor's degree, students can be admitted into a graduate program to eventually obtain a
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Like all EU member states, Belgium follows the Bologna Process. In Belgium, the typical university track involved obtaining two degrees, being a two-year
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A Master of Science in Engineering (MS.Engg.) degree is also offered in India. It is usually structured as an engineering research degree, lesser than
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Like all EU member states, Spain follows the Bologna Process. The Master of Science (MSc) degree is a program officially recognized by the
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Like all EU member states, Germany follows the Bologna Process. The Master of Science (M.Sc.) academic degree replaces the once common
1310:. Regulations, Regulation 1 University of London Awards, Section A: List of Degrees and Other Awards which may be Granted: THE DEGREES
433:, the Master of Science or Magister is a postgraduate degree lasting two to four years. The admission to a master's program (Spanish:
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republics), the education system was largely based on the German university system (largely due to the presence and influence of the
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university classes will be at least half of that (one ECTS will mean around 11 to 15 mandatory hours of on-site classes).
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The bearers of these titles can use either the older title, of MSc, LL.M or MA but not both for the same field of study.
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attended during the 2 resp. 3 years of their study. Exams also include the defence of a thesis before an academic board.
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private and public universities have Master of Science courses as postgraduate degree. These include most of the major
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300 ECTS credits, thus most Masters programs are two-year programs with 120 credits. The completion of a scientific
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equivalent "Teknologisk masterexamen". Whilst "Civilingenjör" is an at least five year long education.
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engineer"). This is most common in engineering and agricultural fields of study. Defense of a research
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In Nepal, universities offer the Master of Science degree usually in science and engineering areas.
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347:. All M.Sc. degree holders are allowable to take a step forward in the academic track to get the
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1251:. Chapter VII: Degrees, Diplomas, and Other Qualifications – Master of Natural Sciences (M.Sci.)
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3.5-year engineer programs (termed "inĹĽynier", utilizing the pre-nominal abbreviation "inĹĽ.")
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162:, who was conferred a Master of Science degree at the University of Michigan in 1859.
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After the Bologna Process implementation, again based on the German implementation,
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colleges. A number of private colleges also do offer MS degrees. After passing
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The University of Michigan, an encyclopedic survey ... Wilfred B. Shaw, editor
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program lasted more than 3 years as it was possible to do so for some time.
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due to its less specific entry requirements and smaller focus on research.
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Like all EU member states, Italy follows the Bologna Process. The degree
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bachelor's and master's programs. The studies are structured such that a
192:
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Pakistan inherited its conventions pertaining to higher education from
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In Iran, similar to Canada, Master of Science (MSc) or in Iranian form
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Admission to a master's program is normally contingent upon holding a
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2-year master programs open to both "licencjat" and "inĹĽ." graduates.
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680:(abbreviated as mr.) (for graduates who followed an LLM law program)
619:. Before the current organization of academic studies there was the
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Science (MSci or M.Sci.) degree (Master of Natural Sciences at the
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termed "licencjat" in Polish. No abbreviated pre-nominal or title.)
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offers MS by Research and ME degrees for science and engineering.
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480:, academic university studies comprised a 4–5 year-long graduate
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offers MSc degree for all the science and engineering courses.
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In Slavic countries in European southeast (particularly former
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Master's degree awarded for post-graduate study in the sciences
1053:. Ministerio de Education Republica Argentina. Archived from
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Commonly the Chilean universities have used "MagĂster" for a
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However, older academic titles used in the Netherlands are:
203:, any student becomes eligible to study in this discipline.
1301:"University of London Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations"
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program, which could have been followed by a 2–4 year long
443:) requires the full completion of a four to five year long
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is required. All master's degrees in Poland qualify for a
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degree in humanities and science. Some institutes such as
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1245:"Statutes and Ordinances of the University of Cambridge"
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1.5-year master programs open only to "inĹĽ." graduates.
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in 1858. One of the first recipients of the degree was
1023:(9/10). Mathematical Association of America: 253–256.
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could require four, five or six years of study. The
476:in the region). Prior to the implementation of the
154:The Master of Science degree was introduced at the
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888:(S.M. or Sc.M.) may be used in some institutions.
335:. A completion of the degree requires finishing a
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963:Master of Science in Physician Assistant Studies
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664:titles are granted to any university graduate.
1677:Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)
1129:"Welke titel mag ik na mijn studie gebruiken?"
720:Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
651:offer ME for engineering and MSc for science.
568:which are one of the top institutes in India.
503:titles and programs were replaced by entirely
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913:Master of Science in Corporate Communication
1168:"Master's Degree Characteristics Statement"
943:Master of Science in Information Technology
798:for higher education in Europe since 2011.
686:(abbreviated as drs.) (in all other cases).
62:"M.S." redirects here. For other uses, see
23:
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492:program and then later with 2–5 year long
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958:Master of Science in Occupational Therapy
537:American International School of Medicine
938:Master of Science in Information Systems
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32:This is an accepted version of this page
973:Master of Science in Systems Management
968:Master of Science in Project Management
744:Higher Education Commission of Pakistan
527:In Guyana, all universities, including
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90:with the Master of Science designation
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908:Master of Science in Computer Science
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933:Master of Science in Foreign Service
903:Master of Science in Administration
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1147:"Datateknik, civilingenjör 300 hp"
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1017:The American Mathematical Monthly
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555:and considered to be parallel to
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215:prerequisite track (replaced by
1416:Certificate of Higher Education
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1277:. November 2014. Archived from
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1000:. University of Michigan. 2000.
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898:Master of Science in Accounting
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78:’s Master of Science diploma
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1013:"Biography: De Volson Wood"
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142:. In contrast to the
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1198:"MSc Classification"
1011:Matz, F. P. (1895).
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1135:. 12 December 2021.
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201:Bachelor of Science
76:Columbia University
29:Page version status
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1440:Honours degree
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1200:. Postgrad.com
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160:De Volson Wood
144:Master of Arts
106:; abbreviated
58:
47:29 August 2024
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1486:Diplom degree
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1380:Undergraduate
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393:South America
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1552:Habilitation
1535:Postdoctoral
1454:Postgraduate
1314:25 September
1312:. Retrieved
1308:London.ac.uk
1307:
1295:
1283:. Retrieved
1279:the original
1265:
1253:. Retrieved
1248:
1239:
1227:. Retrieved
1214:
1202:. Retrieved
1192:
1180:. Retrieved
1176:the original
1141:
1132:
1123:
1111:. Retrieved
1087:. Retrieved
1085:. 2018-11-21
1082:
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1055:the original
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37:This is the
31:
1629:certificate
1615:Microdegree
1576:No dominant
1481:certificate
1285:23 February
1229:23 February
1204:23 February
1182:23 February
1113:23 February
694:New Zealand
684:doctorandus
659:Netherlands
470:Yugoslavian
197:state-owned
193:Bangladeshi
1696:Categories
1605:Licentiate
1370:Levels of
1089:2022-02-21
1061:2014-02-10
979:References
884:(A.M.) or
457:licentiate
337:pre-master
223:Licentiaat
187:Bangladesh
1670:Ad eundem
1641:/
1627:/
1510:Doctorate
1479:/
1414:/
1410:/
785:program.
783:doctorate
716:Norwegian
672:ingenieur
496:program.
431:Venezuela
399:Argentina
213:Kandidaat
178:Australia
1657:Unearned
1324:cite web
1255:24 April
892:See also
873:doctoral
730:Pakistan
513:magistar
489:magistar
441:Mestrado
407:Colombia
381:Magister
351:degree.
345:research
256:and the
218:Bachelor
43:reviewed
1643:diploma
1503:level 8
1465:level 7
1428:level 6
1391:level 5
1037:2969269
678:meester
588:Ireland
557:M.Phil.
427:Uruguay
411:Ecuador
368:Germany
355:Finland
250:college
207:Belgium
166:Algeria
138:) is a
1672:degree
1600:Laurea
1567:Fellow
1562:Tenure
1557:Docent
1035:
814:Sweden
789:Russia
779:thesis
750:Poland
738:after
703:Norway
629:laurea
625:laurea
621:Laurea
597:Israel
582:thesis
566:IISERs
523:Guyana
517:diplom
509:master
501:Diplom
483:diplom
419:Panama
415:Mexico
403:Brazil
387:thesis
375:Diplom
362:thesis
341:thesis
288:Cyprus
243:Quebec
236:thesis
229:Canada
149:thesis
1528:Other
1501:ISCED
1463:ISCED
1426:ISCED
1389:ISCED
1304:(PDF)
1079:(PDF)
1033:JSTOR
823:Syria
802:Spain
635:Nepal
605:Italy
543:India
455:or a
326:Egypt
276:Chile
136:Sc.M.
120:M.Sc.
100:Latin
1330:link
1316:2021
1287:2017
1257:2021
1231:2017
1206:2017
1184:2017
1115:2017
856:The
647:and
572:Iran
561:IITs
429:and
423:Peru
307:Ing.
303:Mgr.
191:All
128:S.M.
112:M.S.
18:M.S.
1025:doi
553:PhD
397:In
378:or
349:PhD
343:or
315:Bc.
305:or
134:or
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116:MSc
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