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or even funding to implement his ideas, and his administration led to the dismissal of thousands of civil servants. Over 10,000 civil servants, government employees were dismissed without benefits; reasons stated were age, health, incompetence, or malpractice. The removal of such a large number of public officials affected the public service, the judiciary, the police and armed forces, the diplomatic service, public corporations, and university officials. Quite a few officials were tried on corruption charges, and an ex-military state governor was executed for gross office misconduct.
322:
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fact that the army was purportedly giving exceptional privileges to the coupist as an indication of Ironsi's support for the killings. Consequently, northern politicians and civil servants mounted pressure upon northern officers such as
Muhammed to avenge the coup. The promulgation of Decree No. 34 restructuring Nigeria from a federal constitutional structure to a unitary structure also raised suspicions among many Northern officers and Muhammed and a few others began to contemplate separation of the Northern region from the country.
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1088:, his supervisor's report attributed him to having ''a quick agile mind, considerable ability and common sense. He holds strong views which he puts forward in a forthright manner. He is a strong character and determined. However, he finds it difficult to moderate his opinions and finds it difficult to enter into debate with others whose views he may not share''. After the war, he was promoted to
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1327:
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for communications to oversee and facilitate the nation's development of cost effective communication infrastructures during the oil boom. After the war and after he took power as head of state, Muhammed started the reorganization and demobilization of 100,000 troops from the armed forces. The number of troops in the armed forces decreased from 250,000 to 150,000.
1151:
and New
Nigerian; all media in Nigeria was now under federal control. He also took federal control of the remaining state-run universities. On February 3, 1976, the Military Government of Murtala Muhammed created new states and renamed others, the states he created include: Bauchi, Benue, Borno, Imo,
1171:
As head of state
Murtala Muhammed inherited an immense amount of oil and petroleum resources and enormous but untapped natural gas reserves. But in 1975, Muhammed saw reduced revenue due to low levels of petroleum production; this meant that the military government lacked the projected funds to meet
1138:
However his highly popular, often televised "with immediate effect" style of governing, also gained some criticism amongst the countries top civil servants - some of which were
Nigeria’s top intellectuals. His ad-hoc Presidential proclamations left his civil service often unprepared, lacking details
965:
Aguiyi-Ironsi, as GOC of the
Nigerian Army, brought normalcy back to the nation by imprisoning the coup makers and intimidating the federal cabinet into handing over the helms of government to him. However, many northerners saw this and the reluctance of Ironsi to prosecute the coup leaders, and the
1099:
appointed him as the new
Federal Commissioner for Communications, which he combined with his military duties as Inspector of Signals at the Army Signals Headquarters in Apapa, Lagos. On 7 August 1974, General Yakubu Gowon appointed Muhammed as the Federal commissioner (position now called Minister)
1075:
became a subject of speculation. In a book published in 2017, S. Elizabeth Bird and Fraser
Ottanelli document the 1967 mass murder of civilians by troops of the 2 Division under General Muhammed's command. They also discuss the events leading up to the massacre, and its impact on Asaba and on the
781:
The legacy of
Murtala in Nigerian history remains controversial as the nature of his rule changed over time. His reign was marked by both brutal repression, and economic prosperity, which greatly improved the quality of life in Nigeria. His dictatorial style proved highly adaptable, which enabled
1162:
Towards the end of 1975, the administration implemented a mass purge in the
Nigerian civil service. The civil service was viewed as undisciplined and lacking a sense of purpose. A retrenchment exercise was implemented as part of a strategy to refocus the service. However, because of the drastic
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and
Western region. After the coup plot failed, new military postings made by the new leader generated some discomfort in the North. In April 1966, Muhammed was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and was the inspector of signals posted to Army Headquarters, Lagos in a move that was partly to pacify
1004:
as Supreme Commander of the Nigerian Armed Forces, despite the intransigence of Muhammed who wanted the role of Supreme Commander for himself. However, as Gowon was militarily his senior, and finding a lack of support from the British and American advisors, he caved in. Gowon rewarded him by
1219:, in his black Mercedes Benz saloon car on 13 February 1976. The only visible sign of protection was a pistol carried by his orderly, making his assassination an easy task. The assassination was part of an attempted coup led by Dimka, who was later tried and executed on 15 May 1976 for
1134:
In the coup d'état that brought him to power he introduced the phrases "Fellow Nigerians" and "with immediate effect" to the national lexicon. In a short time, Murtala Muhammed's policies won him broad popular support, and his decisiveness elevated him to the status of a folk hero.
648:
and thereafter ruled Nigeria from 29 July 1975 until his assassination on 13 February 1976. This period in Nigerian history, from the Northern counter-coup victory to Murtala's death, is commonly associated with the institutionalization of the military in Nigerian politics.
1159:, which chose the Abuja area as the new capital ahead of other proposed locations. On 3 February 1976, Muhammed announced that the federal capital would in the future move to a federal territory location of about 8,000 square kilometres in the central part of the country.
1059:. However, this was only achieved after several failed river crossings in which thousands of troops died as a result of drowning or enemy fire. During his time as commander, Muhammed was implicated in several violations of appropriate conduct; Lieutenant
895:, where he obtained his school certificate in 1957. At Barewa College, Muhammed was a member of the Cadet Corps and was captain of shooting in his final year. In 1957, he obtained a school leaving certificate and applied to join the
1005:
confirming his ranking (he had been an acting Lt. Colonel until then) and his appointment (Inspector of Signals). The acceptance of Gowon as the Head of State was not supported by all the key military leaders, in particular,
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barracks mutinied, thus precipitating a counter-coup, which may very well have been in the planning stages. A group among the officers supported secession and thus gave the code name of the coup 'A raba' meaning secession in
622:
770:. The dictatorship softened and Murtala unveiled plans for the demilitarization of politics. In 1976, barely seven months into his nascent rule Murtala without having time to see his plans implemented was assassinated in a
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nature of the purge, allegations that malice and revenge was used by heads of department in recommending people for retrenchment surfaced, and little was done to scrutinize the details and reasons staff were disengaged.
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In June 1968, he relinquished his commanding position and was posted to Lagos and appointed Inspector of Signals. In April 1968, he was promoted to colonel. The actions of the division during this period, mostly in
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in October 1971. Between 1971 and 1974, Muhammed was involved in routine activities within the signals unit of the army. However, he also disagreed with some of the policies being pursued by Gowon.
934:, England for a course on advanced telecommunications techniques. On his return to Nigeria in 1964, he was promoted to major and appointed officer-commanding, 1st Signal Squadron in
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482:
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was overthrown while attending the 12th summit of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in Kampala, Uganda. Muhammed took power as the new military Head of State. Brigadiers
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declared victory which bolstered Murtala's image over Nigeria and in particular the north as a military leader through the post-war era of "reconciliation, reconstruction, and
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in 1961 and assigned to the Nigerian Army Signals that same year, later spending a short stint with the No. 3 Brigade Signals Troop in Congo. In 1962, Muhammed was appointed
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Northerners weary about the new military regime. Muhammed was also appointed member of a Post and Telecommunications management committee. Muhammed opposed the regime of
2048:
762:
At the same time, his regime transitioned from being authoritarian into consensus decision-making with Murtala the leader of a military triumvirate, alongside Generals
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1208:
car travelled slowly in the infamous Lagos traffic near the Federal Secretariat at Ikoyi in Lagos and a group of soldiers, members of an abortive coup led by Lt. Col.
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Nigeria's development plan for 1975. The decline in petroleum production in 1975 was due to a global fall in demand, high costs of spare parts and high labour costs.
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in 1971, aged 33, becoming one of the youngest generals in Nigeria. Three years later, Murtala became the Federal Commissioner for Communications in Lagos. As a
66:
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As head of state, Muhammed put in place plans to build a new Federal Capital Territory due to Lagos being overcrowded. He set up a panel headed by Justice
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41:
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2015:
728:
487:
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Murtala Muhammed joined the Nigerian Army in 1958. He spent short training stints in Nigeria and Ghana and then was trained as an officer cadet at
1806:
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2001:
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He then transferred to Gidan Makama primary school in Kano which was just outside the palace. He then proceeded to Kano Middle School (now
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1035:, Muhammed was the commander of the newly established 2nd Infantry Division. The 2 Division was responsible for the beating back of the
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1285:
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1863:
The Inaugural Addresses and Ascension Speeches of Nigerian Elected and Non-elected presidents and prime ministers from 1960-2010
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recruited troops from the signal unit. The coup plotters later went on to assassinate leading politicians and soldiers from the
771:
1232:
588:
558:
1781:
1255:, Zakari (deceased), Fatima, Abba (also known as Risqua), Zeliha and Jummai. Abba Muhammed was a Special Adviser to President
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progress of the war, as well as other civilian massacres carried out by soldiers of the 2nd Division at Onitsha and Isheagu.
2174:
1821:
1482:"Interview:Why Fulani leaders dominate in Northern Nigeria and why they speak Hausa Language by Murtala Muhammed's cousin"
2819:
1204:
On 13 February 1976, General Muhammed set off for work along his usual route on George Street. Shortly after 8 a.m., his
774:, being succeeded by Olusegun Obasanjo as Head of State, who, in turn, led the Nigerian transition to democracy with the
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2794:
2497:
2264:
1884:
2859:
2287:
1905:
1727:
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735:". In post-civil-war Nigeria, Murtala ruled with more power than any Nigerian leader before or since and developed a
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267:
63:
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908:
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477:
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1568:
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1979:
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637:
535:
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and Danjuma (both later Lt. Generals) were appointed as Chief of Staff of the Supreme Military HQ and
938:, Lagos. In November 1965, he was made acting Chief of Signals of the Army, while his paternal uncle,
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2784:
2214:
1757:"Which military regimes in Nigeria played a prominent role In the liberation of colonized African..."
732:
705:
530:
85:
700:, and for a time seriously considered the secession of Northern Nigeria. His career redoubled after
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2379:
989:. However, after the success of the counter-coup, a group of civilians including the Chief Justice
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383:
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Niger, Ogun, and Ondo. This brought the total number of states in Nigeria to nineteen in 1976.
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which was responsible for the death of civilians and much of the rebels. Three years later the
446:
247:
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Murtala Muhammed had received several awards and medals. In alphabetical order they included:
570:
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2631:
2353:
1216:
1148:
955:
799:
736:
693:
641:
2779:
2774:
2428:
2238:
1403:
1212:, emerged from an adjacent petrol station, ambushed the vehicle and assassinated Muhammed.
1036:
1018:
748:
724:
505:
8:
2675:
2654:
2639:
2543:
1431:
994:
884:
740:
1379:"Nicknames, Slogans, Local and Operational Names Associated with the Nigerian Civil War"
822:, as both his paternal grandfather Suleman and paternal great-grandfather were judges.
2558:
2550:
1720:
Siollun, Max. Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966 - 1976)
1032:
1022:
1006:
990:
931:
767:
645:
520:
368:
880:, he was educated at Cikin Gida Elementary School which was inside the emir's palace.
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2134:
2068:
1901:
1880:
1800:
1723:
1645:
1514:
1256:
1119:
1089:
1064:
997:, defense convinced the plotters including Muhammed about the advantages of a union.
912:
842:
763:
756:
673:
563:
350:
113:
32:
20:
2089:"Murtala would have transformed Nigeria if he hadn't been killed – Ibrahim, brother"
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2525:
2463:
2404:
2363:
2299:
1331:
1209:
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to M. A. Majekodunmi, the federally-appointed administrator of the Western Region.
791:
150:
1417:
2732:
2727:
2414:
1343:
846:
783:
1584:"late General Murtala Muhammed, 44 years after (Full biography), by Bernice Eke"
716:. Murtala was briefly considered as Supreme Commander before the appointment of
2756:
Military Governors in Nigeria during the Olusegun Obasanjo regime (1976 – 1979)
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2616:
2565:
2337:
1319:
1248:
1026:
986:
959:
888:
803:
540:
510:
388:
262:
212:
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Murtala Muhammed was killed, aged 37, along with his aide-de-camp, Lieutenant
2768:
2697:
2595:
2388:
2203:
2002:"How Nigeria got to 36 States[Timeline of State creation in Nigeria]"
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of Kano. His father worked in the Kano Native Authority and was related to
826:
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717:
697:
689:
677:
669:
545:
363:
101:
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Military Governors in Nigeria during the Yakubu Gowon regime (1967 - 1975)
1950:
1925:"Nigeria: The story of Murtala Muhammed who ruled 'with immediate effect'"
2609:
2588:
2468:
2423:
1044:
869:
696:'s unification decree of 1966. He was devastated by the assassination of
653:
141:
2034:
Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966-1976 )
1639:
1338:
1147:
Muhammed took federal control of the country's two largest newspapers –
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1822:"General Murtala Mohammed – 4TH HEAD OF STATE OF NIGERIA (1975 – 1976)"
1378:
939:
838:
834:
795:
681:
254:
156:
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Between 1970 and 1971, he attended the Joint Service Staff College in
993:, Sule Katagum, head of the Federal Public service and Musa Daggash,
636:
military officer and the fourth head of state of Nigeria. He led the
346:
2712:
1515:"General Murtala Muhammed Biography: Former Military Head of State"
1063:, an officer who served under Muhammed alleged that he ordered the
981:
744:
713:
633:
2318:
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1200:
State car in which General Murtala Ramat Mohammed was assassinated
712:
empowering him to lead the mutiny of the night of 29 July 1966 in
2521:
2291:
2202:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1540:"The true Origin of General Murtala Mohammed by Adnan Bawa Bello"
1220:
1188:
1085:
309:
160:
786:, while consistent pursuits during his reign centered on highly
1052:
1000:
The counter-coup led to the installation of Lieutenant-Colonel
887:) in 1949, before attending the famous Government College (now
877:
853:
850:
815:
747:
he maintained Nigerian neutrality through participation in the
1180:
2161:"12 interesting facts about murtala mohammed you should know"
1744:
The Asaba Massacre: Trauma, Memory and the Nigerian Civil War
1457:"Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics | Dailytrust"
1236:
1056:
935:
892:
661:
178:
876:
while his maternal grandmother Hajiya Hauwau (Aya) was from
845:. He died in 1953, his mother, Uwani Rahamatu, was from the
656:
into a ruling-class religious family, Murtala served in the
1877:
Romancing the Gun: The Press as a Promoter of Military Rule
830:
819:
1456:
1418:"Nigeria: General Murtala Ramat Muhammad - 44 Years After"
911:
in England. After his training, he was commissioned as a
2049:"How Dimka, co-plotters were tried, executed for treason"
1780:
Ago, Ghenghislain #nigeria • 2 Years (13 February 2018).
2175:"RISQUA: My Father Was Selfless, He Never Owned A House"
2116:"The Assassination of Murtala Mohammed February 13 1976"
1231:
Today, Muhammed's portrait adorns the 20 Naira note and
1569:"Remembering murtala ramat muhammed: A Fulani Nigerian"
1432:"Olusegun Obasanjo | president of Nigeria | Britannica"
1508:
1506:
1860:
1640:Nigeria; Federal Department of Information (1982).
980:On the night of 29 July 1966, northern soldiers at
16:
Military head of state of Nigeria from 1975 to 1976
2239:Head of the Federal Military Government of Nigeria
2179:The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News
632:; 8 November 1938 – 13 February 1976) was a
2850:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
1503:
926:in Kaduna, Nigeria. That year he traveled to the
814:Murtala's father, Muhammed Riskuwa, was from the
2766:
1601:
922:In 1963, he became the officer-in-charge of the
818:Genawa clan which has a history of knowledge of
2840:Participants in the 1976 Nigerian military coup
2835:Participants in the 1975 Nigerian military coup
2825:Participants in the 1966 Nigerian counter-coup
1865:. University Press of America. pp. 66–68.
1184:Car in which Murtala Muhammed was assassinated
942:had recently been appointed Defense Minister.
672:; eventually rose through the ranks to become
2880:African politicians assassinated in the 1970s
2505:
2286:
2272:
1095:On 7 August 1974, the head of state, General
589:
2830:Military personnel of the Nigerian Civil War
1879:, Africa Research & Publications, 2004.
1610:Makers of Modern Africa: Profiles in History
704:and the young majors orchestrated the first
2031:
1805:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1009:, military governor of the Eastern Region.
856:clan, the Jobawa clan members include the
2512:
2498:
2279:
2265:
2055:. Archived from the original on 4 May 2014
1951:"Nigeria - The Regime of Murtala Muhammad"
1711:
1404:"Collections Online | British Museum"
1251:. They had six children together.They are
825:Mohammed Riskuwa served as Chief Judge in
723:During the war, he commandeered Nigeria's
596:
582:
50:
2479:*Civilian; headed transition to abortive
1742:Bird, S. Elizabeth and Fraser Ottanelli,
945:Unknown to Muhammed, majors planning the
868:, his maternal grandfather Yakubu Soja a
684:, Murtala regretted the overthrow of the
1552:
1195:
1187:
1179:
79:29 July 1975 – 13 February 1976
1980:"Murtala Muhammed's 198 days of action"
1977:
1895:
1850:. Concord Press of Nigeria. p. 13.
1819:
1782:"General Muritala Rufai Ramat Mohammed"
1717:
1644:. Lagos: Federal Dept. of Information.
1607:
1488:
640:in overthrowing the military regime of
2767:
2243:29 July 1975 – 13 February 1976
2113:
1978:Ndujihe, Clifford (12 February 2016).
1973:
1971:
1845:
1612:. Africa Journal Limited. p. 391.
1555:The Hurricane:General Murtala Muhammed
1512:
1494:
1233:Murtala Muhammed International Airport
1142:
421:This article is part of a series about
2875:Assassinated heads of state in Africa
2493:
2260:
1919:
1917:
1898:Third World Politics: An Introduction
1663:
1661:
1659:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1546:
2046:
1364:"MRS. Ajoke Muhammed- Vice Chairman"
969:
755:— during the latter's effort in the
644:and featured prominently during the
1968:
1779:
1746:(Cambridge University Press, 2017).
1581:
1513:Obialo, Maduawuchi (5 March 2020).
1497:History and Genealogy of the Genawa
1079:
13:
1914:
1656:
1616:
1166:
14:
2901:
2855:Assassinated Nigerian politicians
2815:20th-century Nigerian politicians
1582:Eke, Bernice (13 February 2020).
666:Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst
268:Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst
2885:Politicians assassinated in 1976
2317:
2197:
2016:"The mining industry of Nigeria"
1376:
1337:
1325:
1313:
1295:
1284:
1276:
1247:Murtala Muhammed was married to
1103:
1043:region, as well as crossing the
909:Sandhurst Royal Military Academy
569:
412:
345:
320:
302:
2167:
2153:
2107:
2081:
2040:
2025:
2008:
1994:
1943:
1889:
1869:
1854:
1839:
1820:Omodara, Toyin (7 April 2020).
1813:
1773:
1749:
1736:
1686:
1575:
1561:
1532:
1499:. Kurawa Holdings. p. 391.
902:
221:
2810:Leaders who took power by coup
1474:
1449:
1424:
1410:
1396:
1370:
1356:
1291:Meritorious Service Star (MSS)
1:
1896:Clapham, Christopher (1985).
1349:
1294:National Service Medal (NSM)
1067:of Biafran prisoners of war.
809:
1861:Solomon Obotetukudo (2011).
1495:Dasuki, Ibrahim Ado (1988).
1283:General Service Medal (GSM)
1012:
7:
2528:(July 1975 - February 1976)
2398:Military regime (1983–1999)
2347:Military regime (1966–1979)
2114:Editor (13 February 2016).
1848:Concord Weekly Issues 22-44
1306:
1242:
1192:Alternate angle of same car
1129:
1051:, which was advancing from
958:, which took power after a
729:Federal military government
10:
2906:
2820:People of the Congo Crisis
1275:Forces Service Star (FSS)
1107:
1016:
976:1966 Nigerian counter-coup
973:
924:First Brigade Signal Troop
638:1966 Nigerian counter-coup
536:Second Invasion of Onitsha
18:
2795:Heads of state of Nigeria
2748:
2719:
2704:
2689:
2674:
2653:
2638:
2623:
2608:
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2315:
2298:
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2223:
2215:Federal Research Division
2073:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1694:"allAfrica.com: myAfrica"
1557:. Topseal Communications.
1266:
1226:
1114:On 29 July 1975, General
1110:1975 Nigerian coup d'état
531:First Invasion of Onitsha
399:
356:
341:
333:
315:
297:
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284:
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186:Manner of death
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128:
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119:
107:
95:
83:
72:
62:
58:
49:
30:
2860:People murdered in Lagos
1846:Weekly, Concord (1985).
1669:"MURTALA RAMAT MUHAMMED"
1553:Ogundipe, Taiwo (2001).
1239:is named in his honour.
1175:
1047:and linking up with the
782:wide-ranging social and
776:Second Nigerian Republic
725:second infantry division
706:military coup in Nigeria
488:Supreme Military Council
454:Head of State of Nigeria
384:Second Battle of Onitsha
374:Midwest Invasion of 1967
67:Head of State of Nigeria
19:Not to be confused with
2865:1976 murders in Nigeria
1722:. Algora. p. 163.
1608:Uwechue, Ralph (1991).
866:Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila
702:Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu
379:First Battle of Onitsha
2805:Nigerian Army officers
2520:Military Governors of
1698:myafrica.allafrica.com
1201:
1193:
1185:
928:Royal Corps of Signals
829:and held the title of
788:centralised government
609:Murtala Ramat Muhammed
288:"Monty of the Midwest"
2845:Barewa College alumni
2632:George Agbazika Innih
2524:States under General
1929:The Africa Report.com
1718:Siollun, Max (2009).
1217:Akintunde Akinsehinwa
1199:
1191:
1183:
956:Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi
820:Islamic jurisprudence
737:charismatic authority
668:. He later served in
642:Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi
334:Years of service
2870:Rumfa College alumni
2032:Max Siollun (2009).
1332:Biography portal
1031:At the start of the
1019:2 Division (Nigeria)
962:on 15 January 1966.
749:non-aligned movement
2706:South-Eastern State
2676:North-Western State
2655:North-Eastern State
2640:North-Central State
2544:Benue-Plateau State
2163:. 13 February 2015.
2047:Famoroti, Francis.
1571:. 16 February 2020.
1542:. 11 November 2020.
1484:. 16 December 2017.
1420:. 20 February 2020.
1344:Politics portal
1302:Republic Medal (RM)
1143:National federalism
1124:Chief of Army Staff
995:Permanent Secretary
899:later in the year.
885:Rumfa College, Kano
800:national Federalism
741:cult of personality
2559:East-Central State
2551:Abdullahi Mohammed
2181:. 14 February 2016
2145:has generic name (
2095:. 16 February 2019
1519:Nigerian Infopedia
1436:www.britannica.com
1320:Nigeria portal
1202:
1194:
1186:
1033:Nigerian Civil War
1023:Nigerian Civil War
991:Adetokunbo Ademola
932:Catterick Garrison
772:failed coup d'ètat
768:Theophilus Danjuma
751:but supported the
646:Nigerian Civil War
521:Nigerian Civil War
483:Military Governors
369:Nigerian Civil War
2800:Nigerian generals
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2438:President of the
2378:President of the
2327:President of the
2255:
2254:
2249:Olusegun Obasanjo
2246:Succeeded by
2224:Military offices
1955:countrystudies.us
1931:. 8 November 2021
1257:Olusegun Obasanjo
1090:brigadier-general
1065:summary execution
970:1966 counter-coup
947:January 1966 coup
913:second lieutenant
872:veteran was from
764:Olusegun Obasanjo
757:Angolan Civil War
674:brigadier general
606:
605:
564:Ramat Polytechnic
516:1966 counter-coup
493:1976 coup attempt
463:
439:
438:
403:
402:
114:Olusegun Obasanjo
91:Olusegun Obasanjo
21:Mohammed Muritala
2897:
2790:Nigerian Muslims
2785:People from Kano
2672:
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2662:Muhammadu Buhari
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2004:. 2 August 2018.
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1982:. Vanguard News
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2036:. p. 193.
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1108:Main article:
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1027:Asaba massacre
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889:Barewa College
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733:rehabilitation
686:First Republic
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2726:Navy Captain
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1930:
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1918:
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1907:0-7099-0757-5
1903:
1900:. Routledge.
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1206:Mercedes-Benz
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1157:Akinola Aguda
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746:
743:. During the
742:
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694:Aguiyi Ironsi
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917:aide-de-camp
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903:Early career
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874:Dawakin Tofa
831:chief Alkali
827:Kano Emirate
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718:Yakubu Gowon
690:promulgation
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357:Battles/wars
200:
174:(1976-02-13)
109:Succeeded by
102:Yakubu Gowon
74:
25:
2780:1976 deaths
2775:1938 births
2711:Lt-Colonel
2696:Lt-Colonel
2681:Lt-Colonel
2660:Lt-Colonel
2645:Lt-Colonel
2610:Lagos State
2589:Kwara State
2579:Lt-Colonel
2442:(from 1999)
2382:(1979–1983)
2331:(1963–1966)
2302:(1960–1963)
2143:|last=
1760:myschool.ng
1461:Daily Trust
1388:6 September
1149:Daily Times
1045:River Niger
960:coup d'etat
870:World War I
478:Murtala Era
447:Independent
155:(now Kano,
97:Preceded by
2769:Categories
2581:Sani Bello
2574:Kano State
1986:21 January
1960:22 January
1935:22 January
1673:dawodu.com
1383:Dawodu.com
1350:References
1049:1 Division
940:Inuwa Wada
843:Aminu Wali
839:Inuwa Wada
835:Aminu Kano
810:Early life
796:federalism
682:federalist
506:2 Division
467:Government
298:Allegiance
277:Occupation
255:Alma mater
157:Kano State
135:1938-11-08
2750:See also
2418:(interim)
2410:Babangida
2099:26 August
2059:5 January
1039:from the
1013:Civil war
710:1966 coup
473:1975 coup
460:1975-1976
337:1958–1976
232:Relations
181:, Nigeria
75:In office
2731:Colonel
2713:Paul Omu
2630:Colonel
2594:Colonel
2564:Colonel
2549:Colonel
2522:Nigerian
2459:Jonathan
2454:Yar'Adua
2449:Obasanjo
2429:Abubakar
2415:Shonekan
2369:Obasanjo
2364:Mohammed
2135:cite web
2069:cite web
1801:cite web
1650:18561384
1524:27 March
1441:25 March
1307:See also
1243:Marriage
1130:Charisma
1120:Obasanjo
1041:Mid-West
982:Abeokuta
951:Northern
745:Cold War
714:Abeokuta
688:and the
652:Born in
634:Nigerian
285:Nickname
243:Children
201:military
2389:Shagari
2338:Azikiwe
2292:Nigeria
1786:Steemit
1678:2 March
1466:11 June
1221:treason
1086:England
664:in the
351:General
310:Nigeria
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218:
199:(none)
161:Nigeria
33:General
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2464:Buhari
2424:Abacha
2405:Buhari
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2185:29 May
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1831:29 May
1791:29 May
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1703:29 May
1648:
1593:29 May
1267:Medals
1227:Legacy
1053:Nsukka
1025:, and
878:Gezawa
858:Makama
854:Jobawa
851:Fulani
847:Kanuri
841:, and
816:Fulani
802:, and
624:listen
553:Others
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207:Spouse
2359:Gowon
2300:Queen
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1253:Aisha
1249:Ajoke
1237:Lagos
1176:Death
1073:Asaba
1057:Enugu
987:Hausa
936:Apapa
893:Zaria
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670:Congo
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2754:and
2187:2020
2147:help
2127:2020
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2075:link
2061:2015
1988:2019
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1937:2022
1902:ISBN
1881:ISBN
1833:2020
1807:link
1793:2020
1767:2020
1724:ISBN
1705:2020
1680:2019
1646:OCLC
1595:2020
1526:2022
1468:2022
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1055:and
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