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narrow channels. Some are concerned that the current situation is inhumane, with upwards of 50 scars and disfigurements from vessel strikes on a single manatee. Often, the lacerations lead to infections, which can prove fatal. Internal injuries stemming from being trapped between hulls and docks and impacts have also been fatal. Recent testing shows that manatees may be able to hear speed boats and other watercraft approaching, due to the frequency the boat makes. However, a manatee may not be able to hear the approaching boats when they are performing day-to-day activities or distractions. The manatee has a tested frequency range of 8 to 32 kilohertz.
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167:
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970:
889:, sea clover, and marine algae). Using their divided upper lip, an adult manatee will commonly eat up to 10%–15% of their body weight (about 50 kg) per day. Consuming such an amount requires the manatee to graze for up to seven hours a day. To be able to cope with the high levels of cellulose in their plant based diet, manatees utilize hindgut fermentation to help with the digestion process. Manatees have been known to eat small numbers of fish from nets.
138:
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780:
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1610:. Born at the Miami Aquarium and Tackle Company on July 21, 1948, Snooty was one of the first recorded captive manatee births. Raised entirely in captivity, Snooty was never to be released into the wild. As such he was the only manatee at the aquarium, and one of only a few captive manatees in the United States that was allowed to interact with human handlers. That made him uniquely suitable for manatee research and education.
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reducing calf production (and survival) in wounded females – observations also speak to the likely pain and suffering endured. In an example, they cited one case study of a small calf "with a severe dorsal mutilation trailing a decomposing piece of dermis and muscle as it continued to accompany and nurse from its mother ... by age 2 its dorsum was grossly deformed and included a large protruding rib fragment visible."
898:
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lead to reconsideration of the West Indian
Manatee as an endangered species. Manatee population in the United States reached a low in the 1970s, during which only a few hundred individuals lived in the nation. As of February 2016, 6,250 manatees were reported swimming in Florida's springs. It is illegal under federal and Florida law to injure or harm a manatee.
1113:
without an accurate way to estimate numbers. In
Florida in 1996, a winter survey found 2,639 manatees; in 1997, a January survey found 2,229, and a February survey found 1,706. A statewide synoptic survey in January 2010 found 5,067 manatees living in Florida, the highest number recorded to that time.
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Brazil outlawed hunting in 1973 in an effort to preserve the species. Deaths by boat strikes are still common. Although countries are protecting
Amazonian manatees in the locations where they are endangered, as of 1994 there were no enforced laws, and the manatees were still being captured throughout
919:
Manatees have four rows of teeth. There are 6 to 8 high-crowned, open-rooted molars located along each side of the upper and lower jaw giving a total of 24 to 32 flat, rough-textured teeth. Eating gritty vegetation abrades the teeth, particularly the enamel crown; however, research indicates that the
1459:
Manatee deaths in the state of
Florida nearly doubled in 2021 from 637 (2020) to 1100. Although this number decreased to 800 in 2022, it is likely that current rate of development in Florida, climate change, and decreasing water quality, habitat range, and genetic diversity among this population may
1293:
In the absence of any new management action, that is, if boat mortality rates continue to increase at the rates observed since 1992, the situation in the
Atlantic and Southwest regions is dire, with no chance of meeting recovery criteria within 100 years. "Hurricanes, cold stress, red tide poisoning
1112:
Accurate population estimates of the West Indian manatee in
Florida are difficult. They have been called scientifically weak because they vary widely from year to year, with most areas showing decreases, and little strong evidence of increases except in two areas. Manatee counts are highly variable
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in downtown
Memphis in 2006, and was later found dead 16 km (10 mi) downriver in McKellar Lake. Another manatee was found dead on a New Jersey beach in February 2020, considered especially unusual given the time of year. At the time of the manatee's discovery, the water temperature in the
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lips; the upper lip pad is split into left and right sides which can move independently. The lips use seven muscles to manipulate and tear at plants. Manatees use their lips and front flippers to move the plants into the mouth. The manatee does not have front teeth, however, behind the lips, on the
754:
Apart from mothers with their young, or males following a receptive female, manatees are generally solitary animals. Manatees spend approximately 50% of the day sleeping submerged, surfacing for air regularly at intervals of less than 20 minutes. The remainder of the time is mostly spent grazing in
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Snooty died suddenly two days after his 69th birthday, July 23, 2017, when he was found in an underwater area only used to access plumbing for the exhibit life support system. The South
Florida Museum's initial press release stated, “Early indications are that an access panel door that is normally
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does not consider the West Indian manatee to be "endangered" anymore, having downgraded its status to "threatened" as of March 2017. They cite improvements to habitat conditions, population growth and reductions of threats as reasoning for the change. The reclassification was met with controversy,
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The severity of mutilations for some of these individuals can be astounding – including long term survivors with completely severed tails, major tail mutilations, and multiple disfiguring dorsal lacerations. These injuries not only cause gruesome wounds, but may also impact population processes by
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in front of the propellers like the smaller outboard and inboard-outboard recreational boats have. They are now even identified by humans based on their scar patterns. Many manatees have been cut in two by large vessels like ships and tug boats, even in the highly populated lower St. Johns River's
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studies conducted in 1997 found that decreasing adult survival and eventual extinction were probable future outcomes for
Florida manatees unless they received more protection. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed downgrading the manatee's status from endangered to threatened in January 2016
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are included by many naturalists among the whales. But as these pig-fish are a noisy, contemptible set, mostly lurking in the mouths of rivers, and feeding on wet hay, and especially as they do not spout, I deny their credentials as whales; and have presented them with their passports to quit the
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Manatees emit a wide range of sounds used in communication, especially between cows and their calves. Their ears are large internally but the external openings are small, and they are located four inches behind each eye. Adults communicate to maintain contact and during sexual and play behaviors.
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Manatees weigh 400 to 550 kg (880 to 1,210 lb), and average 2.8 to 3.0 m (9 ft 2 in to 9 ft 10 in) in length, sometimes growing to 4.6 m (15 ft 1 in) and 1,775 kg (3,913 lb) and females tend to be larger and heavier than males. At birth,
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While humans are allowed to swim with manatees in one area of
Florida, there have been numerous charges of people harassing and disturbing the manatees. According to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, approximately 99 manatee deaths each year are related to human activities. In January
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Their slow-moving, curious nature, coupled with dense coastal development, has led to many violent collisions with propeller-driven boats and ships, leading frequently to maiming, disfigurement, and even death. As a result, a large proportion of manatees exhibit spiral cutting propeller scars on
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enamel structure in manatee molars is weak. To compensate for this, manatee teeth are continually replaced. When anterior molars wear down, they are shed. Posterior molars erupt at the back of the row and slowly move forward to replace these like enamel crowns on a conveyor belt, similarly to
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and human objects. Their slow-moving, curious nature has led to violent collisions with propeller-driven boats and ships. Some manatees have been found with over 50 scars on them from propeller blades. Natural causes of death include adverse temperatures, predation by crocodiles on young, and
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In 1996, a red tide was responsible for 151 manatee deaths in Florida. The bloom was present from early March to the end of April and killed approximately 15% of the known population of manatees along South Florida's western coast. Other blooms in 1982 and 2005 resulted in 37 and 44 deaths
2236:
de Souza, Érica Martinha Silva; Freitas, Lucas; da Silva Ramos, Elisa Karen; Selleghin-Veiga, Giovanna; Rachid-Ribeiro, Michelle Carneiro; Silva, Felipe André; Marmontel, Miriam; dos Santos, Fabrício Rodrigues; Laudisoit, Anne; Verheyen, Erik; Domning, Daryl P. (2021-02-11).
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expressing concerns that the change would have a detrimental effect on conservation efforts. The new classification will not affect current federal protections. West Indian manatees were originally classified as endangered with the 1967 class of endangered species.
924:. This process continues throughout the manatee's lifetime. The rate at which the teeth migrate forward depends on how quickly the anterior teeth abrade. Some studies indicate that the rate is about 1 cm/month although other studies indicate 0.1 cm/month.
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In winter, manatees often gather near the warm-water outflows of power plants along the Florida coast, instead of migrating south as they once did. Some conservationists are concerned that these manatees have become too reliant on these artificially warmed areas.
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does not present a significant threat to manatees. When threatened, the manatee's response is to dive as deeply as it can, suggesting that threats have most frequently come from land dwellers such as humans rather than from other water-dwelling creatures such as
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The Columbus Zoo was a founding member of the Manatee Rehabilitation Partnership in 2001. Since 1999, the zoo's Manatee Bay facility has helped rehabilitate 20 manatees. The Cincinnati Zoo has rehabilitated and released more than a dozen manatees since 1999.
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One quarter of annual manatee deaths in Florida are caused by boat collisions with manatees. In 2009, of the 429 Florida manatees recorded dead, 97 were killed by commercial and recreational vessels, which broke the earlier record number of 95 set in 2002.
905:
Manatees use their flippers to "walk" along the bottom whilst they dig for plants and roots in the substrate. When plants are detected, the flippers are used to scoop the vegetation toward the manatee's lips. The manatee has
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effect results in low frequency propeller sounds not being discernible near the surface, where most accidents occur. Research indicates that when a boat has a higher frequency the manatees rapidly swim away from danger.
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Manatees hear on a higher frequency than would be expected for such large marine mammals. Many large boats emit very low frequencies, which confuse the manatee and explain their lack of awareness around boats. The
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The main causes of death for manatees are human-related issues, such as habitat destruction and human objects. Natural causes of death include adverse temperatures, predation by crocodiles on young, and disease.
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and visual studies. Social interactions between manatees are highly complex and intricate, which may indicate higher intelligence than previously thought, although they remain poorly understood by science.
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In the Georgetown Water and Sewerage Works, two manatees were introduced in 1952 to a canal In the 24 years since then, manatees have been used to keep this water (the city's municipal supply) weed-free.
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and a variety of other maladies threaten manatees, but by far their greatest danger is from watercraft strikes, which account for about a quarter of Florida manatee deaths," said study curator John Jett.
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West Indian manatees can move freely between fresh water and salt water. However, studies suggest that they are susceptible to dehydration if freshwater is not available for an extended period of time.
615:
baby manatees weigh about 30 kg (66 lb) each. The female manatee has two teats, one under each flipper, a characteristic that was used to make early links between the manatee and elephants.
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instead. As the sea grasses began to grow, manatees adapted to the changing environment by growing supernumerary molars. Sea levels lowered and increased erosion and silt runoff was caused by
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1146:. The explorer and his team documented the discovery with a 12-minute film that is available on the interactive streaming platform WaterBear. The discovery got picked up by the
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As of January 2016, the USFWS estimates the range-wide West Indian manatee population to be at least 13,000; as of January 2018, at least 6,100 are estimated to be in Florida.
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1178:. It is the only exclusively freshwater manatee, and is also the smallest. Since they are unable to reduce peripheral heat loss, it is found primarily in tropical waters.
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that predicted an extremely grave situation confronting the manatee in both the Southwest and Atlantic regions where the vast majority of manatees are found. It states,
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The manatee's tail is paddle-shaped, and is the clearest visible difference between manatees and dugongs; a dugong tail is fluked, similar in shape to that of a whale.
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there are 23 manatees between the Botanical Gardens and the National Park. They have been there for more than 129 years, and reports are that they came from the
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Generally, manatees swim at about 5 to 8 km/h (3 to 5 mph). However, they have been known to swim at up to 30 km/h (20 mph) in short bursts.
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rivers, whose headsprings are 22 °C (72 °F) all year. Between November and March each year, about 600 West Indian manatees gather in the rivers in
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There are a number of manatee rehabilitation centers in the United States. These include three government-run critical care facilities in Florida at
571:. The Sirenia are thought to have evolved from four-legged land mammals more than 60 million years ago, with the closest living relatives being the
1926:
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1134:) found in Mexico's Caribbean coastal area. The best estimate for this population is 200-250. As of 2022, a new manatee habitat was discovered by
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3608:
3334:"Management effectiveness in marine protected areas for conservation of Antillean manatees on the eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico"
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does not protect them in cold water. Prolonged exposure to water below 20 °C (68 °F) can cause "cold stress syndrome" and death.
694:, in which it can digest tough plant matter. Generally, the intestines are about 45 meters, unusually long for an animal of the manatee's size.
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1439:
4223:"Manatee reclassified from endangered to threatened as habitat improves and population expands - existing federal protections remain in place"
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5841:
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3547:
4165:"FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION MARINE MAMMAL PATHOBIOLOGY LABORATORY Preliminary 2022 Manatee Mortality Table by County"
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1540:. After initial treatment at these facilities, the manatees are transferred to rehabilitation facilities before release. These include the
2442:
482:). They measure up to 4.0 metres (13 ft 1 in) long, weigh as much as 590 kilograms (1,300 lb), and have paddle-like tails.
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roof of the mouth, there are dense, ridged pads. These horny ridges, and the manatee's lower jaw, tear through ingested plant material.
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Robles Herrejón, Juan Carlos; Morales-Vela, Benjamín; Ortega-Argueta, Alejandro; Pozo, Carmen; Olivera-Gómez, León David (June 2020).
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upper lip, used to gather food and eat and for social interaction and communication. Manatees have shorter snouts than their fellow
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Gaspard, Joseph C.; Bauer, Gordon B.; Reep, Roger L.; Dziuk, Kimberly; Cardwell, Adrienne; Read, Latoshia; Mann, David A. (2012).
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They are found in coastal marine and estuarine habitats, and in freshwater river systems along the west coast of Africa from the
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Flewelling, LJ; Naar, JP; Abbott, JP; Baden, DG; Barros, NB; Bossart, GD; Bottein, MY; Hammond, DG; et al. (9 June 2005).
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1038:. They cannot survive below 15 °C (60 °F). Their natural source for warmth during winter is warm, spring-fed rivers.
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West Indian manatees prefer warmer temperatures and are known to congregate in shallow waters. They frequently migrate through
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Gerstein, E. R. (1994). "The manatee mind: Discrimination training for sensory perception testing of West Indian manatees (
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is a non-profit group and membership organization that works to protect manatees and their aquatic ecosystems. Founded by
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he overwhelming documentation of gruesome wounding of manatees leaves no room for denial. Minimization of this injury is
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454:. There are three accepted living species of Trichechidae, representing three of the four living species in the order
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2005:
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in Guyana used manatees to keep their irrigation canals weed-free. Between the 1950s and 1970s, the Georgetown
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The lids of manatees' small, widely spaced eyes close in a circular manner. The manatee has a large, flexible,
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1817:
1504:, were propelled only by water jets to protect the endangered manatee population that inhabits regions of the
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4337:
3503:"Macro-habitat preferences by the African manatee and crocodiles – ecological and conservation implications"
653:, with new teeth growing at the rear as older teeth fall out from farther forward in the mouth, somewhat as
3212:
1912:
Domning, D.P., 1994, "Paleontology and evolution of sirenians: Status of knowledge and research needs", in
2112:"Why do almost all mammals have seven cervical vertebrae? Developmental constraints, Hox genes and Cancer"
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300:
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Long Term Prospects for Manatee Recovery Look Grim, According To New Data Released By Federal Government
3292:(Marmontel, Humphrey, O'Shea 1997, "Population Variability Analysis of the Florida Manatee, 1976–1992",
1934:
710:. It is thought that they reached the isolated area of the South American continent and became known as
4025:
166:
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2081:"Sticking Their Necks out for Evolution: Why Sloths and Manatees Have Unusually Long (or Short) Necks"
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1704:) from small whales; stating, "I am aware that down to the present time, the fish styled Lamatins and
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3978:"Florida wildlife officials are distributing 3,000 pounds of lettuce a day to save starving manatees"
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3211:(Press release). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. January 20, 2010. Archived from
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31:
17:
657:' teeth do. At any time, a manatee typically has no more than six teeth in each jaw of its mouth.
3548:"Audiogram and auditory critical ratios of two Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)"
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2080:
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began a feeding program to address the situation by distributing 3,000 pounds (1,361 kg) of
1086:
3239:"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to Reclassify West Indian Manatee from Endangered to Threatened"
2498:"Aspects of Underwater Sound Communication in Florida Manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)"
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1990:
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were likely restricted in South American coastal rivers and they fed on many freshwater plants.
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1745:), Sea Cow, about whom the story says that he has only six cervical vertebrae, is a manatee.
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Taste and smell, in addition to sight, sound, and touch, may also be forms of communication.
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shallow waters at depths of 1–2 m (3 ft 3 in – 6 ft 7 in). The
5859:
3665:"Conserving Manatees: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Intentions of Boaters in Tampa Bay, Florida"
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Weber Rosas, F.C. (June 1994). "Biology, conservation, and status of the Amazonian Manatee
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folklore, they were considered sacred and thought to have been once human. Killing one was
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Hautier, Lionel; Weisbecker, V; Sánchez-Villagra, M. R.; Goswami, A; Asher, R. J. (2010).
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is a reference to the species' slow, peaceful, herbivorous nature, reminiscent of that of
8:
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and eat over 60 different freshwater and saltwater plants. Manatees inhabit the shallow,
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Luiselli, L.; Akani, G.C.; Ebere, N.; Angelici, F. M.; Amori, G.; Politano, E. (2012).
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3748:"Manatee Deaths From Boat Strikes Approach Record: Club Asks For Boaters' Urgent Help"
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Lefebvre, Lynn W.; Provancha, Jane A.; Slone, Daniel H.; Kenworthy, W. Judson (2017).
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respectively, and a red tide killed 123 manatees between November 2022 and June 2023.
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Manatees typically breed once every two years; generally only a single calf is born.
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Manatees are capable of understanding discrimination tasks and show signs of complex
459:
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150:
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3581:
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2023:"Skeletal development in sloths and the evolution of mammalian vertebral patterning"
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4529:"Guinness World Records names Snooty of Bradenton as 'Oldest Manatee in Captivity'"
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Manatees can travel hundreds of miles annually, and have been seen as far north as
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2207:. O'Shea, Thomas J., Reynolds III, John E. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1348:, a term used for the proliferation, or "blooms", of the microscopic marine algae
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the calf takes a further 12 to 18 months, although females may have more than one
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3947:"Manatees are starving in Florida. Wildlife agencies are scrambling to save them"
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bolted shut had somehow been knocked loose and that Snooty was able to swim in.”
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is usually the northernmost range of the West Indian manatees because their low
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5245:
4583:"Oldest living manatee in captivity dies a day after celebrating 69th birthday"
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2393:(Marine Mammal Medicine, 2001, Leslie Dierauf & Frances Gulland, CRC Press)
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2881:"Osmoregulation in wild and captive West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus)"
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There are many conservation programs that have been created to help manatees.
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1422:, etc.) and are occasionally killed by entanglement in fishing gear, such as
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teeth, just a set of cheek teeth, which are not clearly differentiated into
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Hall, Alice J. (September 1984). "Man and Manatee: Can We Live Together?".
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4104:"Manatees are no longer listed as endangered. Should we celebrate or fret?"
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1914:
Proceedings of the 1st International Manatee and Dugong Research Conference
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The etymology of the name is unclear, with connections having been made to
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2915:
2139:
10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19990415)285:1<19::AID-JEZ3>3.0.CO;2-Z
969:
5815:
5735:
5628:
5458:
5398:
5388:
5330:
5231:
5181:
4625:
4314:"From Mermaids to Manatees: the Myth and the Reality | Smithsonian Ocean"
3270:. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. 2018. Archived from
3115:"Atlantic City (NJ) Water Temperature | United States | Sea Temperatures"
2907:
1674:
1199:
1010:
795:. They demonstrate discrimination and task-learning abilities similar to
572:
506:
63:
46:
4499:"Manatees move into world's largest freshwater aquarium at River Safari"
4252:"Record-breaking number of manatees counted during annual winter survey"
3416:"Manatees discovered in pristine but threatened underwater cave habitat"
2652:
2612:
2020:
1587:
in Arnhem, the Netherlands, where manatees have parented offspring. The
539:
512:
The main causes of death for manatees are human-related issues, such as
5807:
5618:
5529:
5478:
5378:
5362:
5268:
5134:
4952:
4942:
3564:
2832:
2718:
2678:
2531:
2319:
2303:
1468:
1414:
Manatees can also be crushed and isolated in water control structures (
1395:
1359:
1032:
850:
731:
137:
108:
73:
2636:
1567:
Manatees can also be viewed in a number of European zoos, such as the
610:
Skull of a West Indian manatee, the Museum of Osteology, Oklahoma City
5820:
5789:
5668:
5638:
5601:
5511:
5488:
5224:
3357:
1686:
1592:
1419:
1219:
1203:
846:
817:
804:
486:
444:
178:
113:
57:
5697:
3663:
Aipanjiguly, Sampreethi; Jacobson, Susan K.; Flamm, Richard (2003).
2824:
1327:
in the Recovery Plan, several state statutes, and federal laws, and
779:
5794:
5720:
5658:
5307:
5122:
4936:
4930:
4924:
2899:
2205:
Ecology and Conservation of the Sirenia : Dugongs and Manatees
1714:
1423:
1379:
1345:
1171:
1065:, and in 1995 and again in 2006, one was seen in New York City and
1062:
921:
882:
870:
862:
800:
654:
646:
576:
198:
103:
98:
83:
78:
68:
50:
5072:
4733:"Animal Crossing Fans Are Deeply In Love With Wardell The Manatee"
4280:
3209:"Exceptional weather conditions lead to record high manatee count"
2403:
Henaut, Yann; Charles, Aviva; Delfour, Fabienne (24 August 2022).
675:. All other mammals have seven cervical vertebrae, other than the
5906:
5781:
5340:
5171:
5154:
5103:
4905:
2953:"Manatee (Trichechus manatus) | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service"
2405:"Cognition of the manatee: past research and future developments"
1838:
West Indian Manatee Facts and Pictures – National Geographic Kids
1670:
1403:
1394:
Florida's manatees began dying at an alarming rate, largely from
1387:
1175:
1085:
The West Indian manatee migrates into Florida rivers—such as the
1028:
821:
796:
756:
703:
664:
634:
623:
560:
455:
305:
290:
218:
118:
93:
4799:
2239:"The evolutionary history of manatees told by their mitogenomes"
897:
734:. This increased the tooth wear of the bottom-feeding manatees.
5608:
5128:
5116:
4979:
4970:
4918:
4824:
2864:. Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. p. 1A. Archived from
2610:
1705:
1599:
1268:
their backs, usually caused by larger vessels that do not have
1250:
Young manatees can be curious; this individual is inspecting a
1224:
1195:
1163:
886:
858:
849:
and eat over 60 different freshwater (e.g., floating hyacinth,
723:
707:
627:
568:
548:
208:
188:
3831:"Manatee death toll hits record in Florida, 'Red Tide' blamed"
3092:
1390:
left manatees without enough food to eat. As a result of this
416:
5880:
4047:"Monarch butterfly, manatee populations are on a big rebound"
3390:
3176:"Can manatees survive without warm waters from power plants?"
1678:
1549:
1251:
978:
691:
687:
580:
490:
435:
4071:"January 2016 Preliminary Manatee Mortality Table by County"
3861:"Scientists Say Toxin in Red Tide Killed Scores of Manatees"
3142:
1646:
used manatees in their storage canals for the same purpose.
726:
inhabited the West Atlantic and Caribbean waters and fed on
4869:– Dr. Domning's authoritative manatee research bibliography
3634:. Savethemanatee.org (2003-04-29). Retrieved on 2011-12-03.
1493:
1269:
1207:
1167:
559:
Manatees are three of the four living species in the order
410:
3500:
2807:
Powell, James (1978). "Evidence for carnivory in manatee (
961:
4656:
3775:"Brevetoxicosis: Red tides and marine mammal mortalities"
3772:
3615:. Scienceagogo.com (1999-07-30). Retrieved on 2011-12-03.
2613:"Manatee grazing impacts on a mixed species seagrass bed"
1756:
404:
4448:"Rescue, Rehabilitation and Release of Florida Manatees"
4197:"NO LONGER ENDANGERED, MANATEES NOW FACE ANOTHER CRISIS"
3662:
2396:
1302:
Manatee bearing scars on its back from a boat propeller.
2495:
1847:. Kids.nationalgeographic.com. Retrieved on 2011-12-03.
4227:
Southeast Region of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
4007:
Help End Manatee Harassment in Citrus County, Florida!
3724:. Fish and Wildlife Research Institute. Archived from
3445:"Amazonian Manatee - Facts, Information & Habitat"
3338:
Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems
2781:
4867:
Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia
4646:. Georgetown, Guyana: National Academies. p. 13.
3653:. News.ufl.edu (2007-07-03). Retrieved on 2011-12-03.
3545:
1475:, this is today's leading manatee conservation club.
1451:
and groups such as the Save the Manatee Club and the
1430:
2016, there were 43 manatee deaths in Florida alone.
419:
407:
5664:
5654:
5644:
5634:
5624:
5614:
5597:
5587:
5577:
5567:
5557:
5547:
5537:
5499:
5484:
5474:
5464:
5454:
5444:
5434:
5424:
5414:
5404:
5394:
5384:
5374:
5336:
5326:
5288:
5242:
5212:
5197:
5187:
5177:
5167:
4903:
4837:
Reuters: Florida manatees may lose endangered status
4640:
National Science Research Council (Guyana). (1974).
4398:"Manatee Rescue, Rehabilitation and Release Program"
2878:
2402:
1752:
702:
Fossil remains of manatee ancestors - also known as
413:
4820:), (1872) London, Zoological Society of London Year
4026:
St. Petersburg Times – Manatee Abuse Caught on Tape
3113:Ltd, Copyright Global Sea Temperatures-A.-Connect.
2782:Castellini and Mellish, Michael and Jo-Ann (2016).
2554:"Manatee Ears Cause for Alarm? | Bird's Underwater"
401:
398:
4338:"New Study Shows Impact of Watercraft on Manatees"
3143:US Fish and Wildlife Service (November 14, 2017).
2879:Ortiz, RM; Worthy, GA; MacKenzie, DS (July 1998).
2465:
1989:
4825:Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
4342:Florida Fish And Wildlife Conservation Commission
3921:Florida Fish And Wildlife Conservation Commission
3307:"Record 6,250 Manatees Spotted in Florida Waters"
1471:, former Florida governor, and singer/songwriter
1150:in 2024, who featured in a 10-minute short film.
873:leaves) and saltwater plants (e.g., sea grasses,
5926:
3893:. Local & State. April 9, 1996. p. 38.
3471:
2751:
2749:
2747:
1728:, managing and selling furniture to the player.
1285:In 2003, a population model was released by the
1210:, 2,000 km (1,200 mi) from the coast.
690:, the manatee has a simple stomach, but a large
4772:. Vol. 166, no. 3. pp. 400–418.
3149:Crystal River National Wildlife Refuge, Florida
3010:
2786:. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 101.
1438:All three species of manatee are listed by the
671:, a number that may be due to mutations in the
4016:. Savethemanatee.org. Retrieved on 2011-12-03.
3975:
3309:. Discovery. February 26, 2016. Archived from
2850:– smithsonianmag.com. Accessed March 15, 2008.
2496:O'Shea, Thomas J.; Lynn B. Poché, Jr. (2006).
2304:"Evolution of Manatees: A Speculative History"
2202:
2109:
1887:
1126:There is a small population of the subspecies
5088:
4889:
3173:
2744:
1933:. The Amy H Remley Foundation. Archived from
1865:. Friends of the National Zoo. Archived from
1331:in our society's ethical and moral standards.
4643:An International Centre for Manatee Research
3013:"Massive Manatee Is Spotted in Hudson River"
1955:
774:
4365:
3536:. Cyber Diver News Network. 11 January 2006
3534:Florida boaters killing endangered manatees
3043:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2463:
1987:
1669:The manatee has been linked to folklore on
1218:In relation to the threat posed by humans,
1082:area was below 6.5 °C (43.7 °F).
529:
5095:
5081:
4896:
4882:
3944:
3232:
3230:
1442:as vulnerable to extinction. However, The
1406:per day to save the malnourished animals.
136:
5013:
4968:
4195:Jones Jr., Robert C. (February 2, 2022).
4194:
3806:
3563:
3518:
3467:
3465:
2862:"Winter is culprit in manatee death toll"
2513:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2278:
2056:
2046:
1988:Best, Robin (1984). Macdonald, D. (ed.).
1958:Elephants: Majestic Creatures of the Wild
763:) has been known to live up to 60 years.
4814:On the Form and Structure of the Manatee
4711:
4680:
2361:
1888:Walters, Martin; Johnson, Jinny (2003).
1859:"What's in a name? Manatees and Dugongs"
1720:A manatee called Wardell appears in the
1694:distinguishes manatees ("Lamatins", cf.
1653:
1519:
1426:float lines, box traps, and shark nets.
1297:
1245:
968:
960:
936:
896:
778:
741:
605:
590:
4691:. London: Aquarian Press. p. 157.
4307:
4305:
4044:
4035:. Sptimes.com. Retrieved on 2011-12-03.
3750:. Save the Manatee Club. Archived from
3227:
3085:"Dead manatee found along Jersey Shore"
2982:"TRAVELIN' MANATEE FAR FROM HOME AGAIN"
2676:
2301:
1638:. In the 1910s and again in the 1950s,
1162:) inhabits the Central Amazon Basin in
14:
5927:
4686:
4311:
3841:from the original on 24 September 2018
3462:
3065:from the original on 24 September 2016
3061:. Associated Press. 11 December 2006.
2806:
2800:
2457:
2378:
1856:
1103:Crystal River National Wildlife Refuge
595:A skeleton of a manatee and calf, the
5702:
5701:
5076:
4877:
4730:
4045:Tribune, Chicago (29 February 2016).
3988:from the original on 24 February 2022
3957:from the original on 24 February 2022
3494:
2759:. Journey North. 2003. Archived from
2198:
2196:
2194:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1558:Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park
1409:
1230:
5945:Extant Pleistocene first appearances
5912:63D4BEED-DBD5-4CC3-8CE9-232F5C4F154E
5886:995352B0-5308-C8A4-06D3-722AF053FC4C
4765:
4302:
4136:"Endangered Species | Class of 1967"
4101:
3025:from the original on 9 November 2020
2859:
2445:from the original on 30 October 2022
1996:. New York: Facts on File. pp.
1598:The oldest manatee in captivity was
1444:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS)
1344:Another cause of manatee deaths are
1319:These veterinarians go on to state:
932:
5102:
4608:"Abary Creek manatees under threat"
4526:
4496:
4203:from the original on March 24, 2023
3897:from the original on 27 August 2021
3891:"Mystery epidemic killing manatees"
3483:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
3236:
2933:from the original on 15 August 2022
1542:Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden
1498:Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters
1362:that can have toxic effects on the
892:
651:repeatedly replaced throughout life
443:) are large, fully aquatic, mostly
24:
4849:A website with many manatee photos
4759:
4657:National Research Council (2002).
4535:. Bradenton Herald. Archived from
4473:"Adventure in the mangrove forest"
4384:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1994.tb00134.x
4116:from the original on April 7, 2020
3637:
3237:Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife.
3198:U.S. Marine Mammal Commission 1999
3059:"Manatee found dead in Tenn. lake"
2587:Seaworld Parks & Entertainment
2191:
2091:from the original on 26 April 2019
1974:
1892:. Marks and Spencer. p. 229.
1198:. They live as far upriver on the
1158:The freshwater Amazonian manatee (
25:
5966:
4793:
4714:"Footnote, Chapter 32 - Cetology"
4689:Symbolic and Mythological Animals
4663:. The Minerva Group. p. 35.
3413:
3174:Keith Morelli (January 7, 2011).
3011:Lee, Jennifer 8 (7 August 2006).
2468:Manatees and Dugongs of the World
1816:. Fossilworks.org. Archived from
1724:video game. He is part of a paid
5686:
3871:from the original on 11 May 2013
3689:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01452.x
2988:. 23 August 1995. Archived from
1769:
1755:
1660:Manatee at Blue Springs, Florida
981:coastal areas and rivers of the
831:
493:coastal areas and rivers of the
394:
165:
61:
4731:Fahey, Mike (18 October 2021).
4724:
4705:
4650:
4633:
4600:
4589:from the original on 2017-07-23
4575:
4551:
4520:
4509:from the original on 2013-05-19
4490:
4479:from the original on 2021-06-11
4465:
4454:from the original on 2017-01-01
4440:
4415:
4390:
4359:
4348:from the original on 2021-12-24
4330:
4291:from the original on 2021-11-23
4273:
4244:
4215:
4188:
4177:from the original on 2023-03-24
4157:
4128:
4102:Wang, Amy B. (March 31, 2017).
4095:
4063:
4038:
4019:
4000:
3969:
3938:
3927:from the original on 2024-04-04
3909:
3883:
3853:
3823:
3766:
3740:
3714:
3656:
3618:
3599:
3588:from the original on 2021-12-24
3552:Journal of Experimental Biology
3539:
3527:
3451:from the original on 2021-12-24
3437:
3426:from the original on 2024-02-26
3407:
3383:
3372:from the original on 2022-11-21
3325:
3299:
3286:
3260:
3249:from the original on 2021-05-08
3201:
3192:
3167:
3136:
3125:from the original on 2020-11-27
3112:
3106:
3077:
3051:
3004:
2974:
2963:from the original on 2023-09-13
2945:
2872:
2853:
2839:
2775:
2733:from the original on 2024-01-27
2670:
2659:from the original on 2024-01-27
2604:
2575:
2546:
2489:
2355:
2326:
2295:
2229:
2180:from the original on 2021-12-26
2160:
2119:Journal of Experimental Zoology
2103:
2073:
1453:Center for Biological Diversity
1433:
1287:United States Geological Survey
1262:
1181:
1073:. A manatee was spotted in the
811:
4497:Tan, Sue-Ann (13 March 2013).
4076:. January 2016. Archived from
3976:Amanda Jackson (17 Feb 2022).
3722:"Manatee Mortality Statistics"
2860:Basu, Rebecca (1 March 2010).
2617:Marine Ecology Progress Series
2014:
1949:
1929:Trichechus manatus latirostrus
1919:
1906:
1881:
1850:
1831:
1802:
1726:downloadable content expansion
1708:(Pig-fish and Sow-fish of the
1606:'s Parker Manatee Aquarium in
1524:A manatee at SeaWorld, Florida
1400:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1041:
977:Manatees inhabit the shallow,
586:
13:
1:
1795:
1722:Animal Crossing: New Horizons
1378:In 2021 a massive die-off of
1373:
820:lasts about 12 months and to
783:Manatee postures in captivity
766:
663:The manatee is unusual among
3091:. 2020-02-11. Archived from
2560:. 2017-08-01. Archived from
1515:
1213:
1153:
1140:Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve
941:Approximate distribution of
914:
746:Endangered Florida manatee (
697:
520:
7:
5955:Taxa named by Theodore Gill
5950:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
4739:. G/O Media. Archived from
4660:Making Aquatic Weeds Useful
2583:"Animal Info Book: Manatee"
1992:The Encyclopedia of Mammals
1916:, Gainesville, Florida, 1–5
1748:
1508:where the ships are based.
1339:
1306:According to marine mammal
737:
554:
301:Trichechus hesperamazonicus
145:Clockwise from upper left:
10:
5971:
3268:"Manatee Synoptic Surveys"
2847:Trials of a Primatologist.
2679:"Sea Cows and Sea Grasses"
2677:Domning, Daryl P. (1981).
2423:10.1007/s10071-022-01676-8
2302:Domning, Daryl P. (1982).
2263:10.1038/s41598-021-82390-2
1956:Shoshani, J., ed. (2000).
1649:
1241:
1234:
1123:after more than 40 years.
1046:The coast of the state of
927:
29:
5710:
5684:
5528:
5498:
5370:
5361:
5317:
5287:
5278:
5241:
5211:
5163:
5152:
5111:
5059:
4996:
4951:
4913:
4854:USGS/SESC Sirenia Project
4712:Melville, Herman (1851).
4423:"Global Impact - Project"
3945:Greg Allen (2 Dec 2021).
3472:Keith Diagne, L. (2016).
2703:10.1017/S009483730002546X
2515:10.1644/06-MAMM-A-066R1.1
1857:Winger, Jennifer (2000).
1617:
1546:Columbus Zoo and Aquarium
1447:with Florida congressman
775:Intelligence and learning
380:Fischer von Waldheim 1803
349:
342:
296:
289:
273:
266:
162:Scientific classification
160:
144:
135:
41:
4718:Moby-Dick; or, The Whale
4561:. South Florida Museum.
3606:Manatees hard of hearing
2784:Marine Mammal Physiology
1863:National Zoological Park
1814:Linnaeus 1758 (manatee)"
1622:Since the 19th century,
1595:features seven of them.
1440:World Conservation Union
32:Manatee (disambiguation)
3476:Trichechus senegalensis
2334:"Manatee FAQ: Behavior"
2308:Journal of Paleontology
2203:Marsh, Helene. (2011).
2168:"Manatee Anatomy Facts"
2110:Frietson Galis (1999).
2048:10.1073/pnas.1010335107
1890:Encyclopedia of Animals
1739:(one of the stories in
1664:Milwaukee Public Museum
973:Mother manatee and calf
840:
633:Manatee adults have no
480:Trichechus senegalensis
336:(validity questionable)
326:Trichechus senegalensis
3119:World Sea Temperatures
2338:www.savethemanatee.org
1927:"The Florida Manatee (
1681:and required penance.
1666:
1525:
1364:central nervous system
1333:
1317:
1303:
1296:
1255:
1138:within the cenotes of
1099:Citrus County, Florida
974:
966:
958:
902:
791:. They also have good
784:
751:
611:
603:
530:
5868:Paleobiology Database
5034:West Indian manatee (
3799:10.1038/nature435755a
3520:10.5194/we-12-39-2012
2888:Physiological Zoology
2868:on February 22, 2014.
1710:Coffins of Nantucket)
1657:
1644:water treatment plant
1523:
1465:Save the Manatee Club
1321:
1312:
1301:
1291:
1249:
972:
964:
940:
900:
782:
745:
609:
594:
333:Trichechus "pygmaeus"
3669:Conservation Biology
3490:: e.T22104A97168578.
3313:on February 28, 2016
3215:on February 14, 2011
2813:Journal of Mammalogy
2502:Journal of Mammalogy
2464:Jeff Ripple (1999).
1937:on February 22, 2014
1632:its botanical garden
1628:West Indian manatees
1604:South Florida Museum
1554:South Florida Museum
1502:Kennedy Space Center
1398:. In early 2022 the
1237:Manatee conservation
1120:Population viability
1019:West African manatee
789:associative learning
563:. The fourth is the
476:West African manatee
30:For other uses, see
5025:Amazonian manatee (
4769:National Geographic
4687:Cooper, JC (1992).
4614:. 30 September 2008
4368:Trichechus inunguis
4281:"Save The Manatees"
4109:The Washington Post
3791:2005Natur.435..755F
3681:2003ConBi..17.1098A
3350:2020ACMFE..30.1182R
3274:on 6 September 2015
3155:on October 30, 2020
2695:1981Pbio....7..417D
2629:2017MEPS..564...29L
2255:2021NatSR..11.3564D
2131:1999JEZ...285...19G
2039:2010PNAS..10718903H
2033:(44): 18903–18908.
1960:. Checkmark Books.
1869:on 30 December 2005
1392:ecological disaster
995:West Indian manatee
706:- date back to the
667:in having just six
597:Museum of Osteology
543:"breast". The term
514:habitat destruction
468:West Indian manatee
464:Trichechus inunguis
450:sometimes known as
312:Trichechus inunguis
147:West Indian manatee
4859:2010-05-27 at the
4842:2020-09-25 at the
4830:2018-12-12 at the
4818:Manatus americanus
4805:2013-05-10 at the
4743:on 27 October 2021
4720:. Richard Bentley.
4559:Snooty the Manatee
4312:Fairclough, Caty.
4051:chicagotribune.com
4031:2009-06-01 at the
4012:2007-04-30 at the
3649:2010-06-12 at the
3630:2007-07-12 at the
3611:2011-09-28 at the
3565:10.1242/jeb.065649
3145:"About the Refuge"
3018:The New York Times
2809:Trichechus manatus
2472:. Voyageur Press.
2364:Trichechus manatus
2243:Scientific Reports
1843:2011-06-26 at the
1777:Marine life portal
1700:
1667:
1624:Georgetown, Guyana
1608:Bradenton, Florida
1585:Royal Burgers' Zoo
1577:ZooParc de Beauval
1526:
1410:Additional threats
1304:
1256:
1231:Relation to humans
975:
967:
959:
903:
785:
752:
748:Trichechus manatus
669:cervical vertebrae
649:. These teeth are
612:
604:
579:) and Hyracoidea (
565:Eastern Hemisphere
472:Trichechus manatus
319:Trichechus manatus
276:Trichechus manatus
5922:
5921:
5855:Open Tree of Life
5704:Taxon identifiers
5695:
5694:
5682:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5357:
5356:
5070:
5069:
5055:
5054:
5043:African manatee (
5007:
4992:
4991:
4962:
4908:species by family
4670:978-0-89499-180-6
4568:978-1-56944-441-2
4527:Aronson, Claire.
4503:The Straits Times
4285:Save The Manatees
3785:(7043): 755–756.
3395:www.waterbear.com
3245:(Press release).
3180:The Tampa Tribune
2992:on 1 January 2016
2793:978-1-4822-4267-6
2763:on April 29, 2014
2637:10.3354/meps11986
2479:978-1-61060-443-7
2214:978-1-139-15887-9
2087:. Science Daily.
1790:Manatee of Helena
1698:
1636:its national park
1583:in Italy and the
1581:Aquarium of Genoa
1144:Yucatán Peninsula
1128:Antillean manatee
1079:Mississippi River
1007:Amazonian manatee
933:Range and habitat
761:T. m. latirostris
681:three-toed sloths
460:Amazonian manatee
387:
386:
262:
151:Amazonian manatee
47:Early Pleistocene
16:(Redirected from
5962:
5915:
5914:
5902:
5901:
5889:
5888:
5876:
5875:
5863:
5862:
5850:
5849:
5837:
5836:
5824:
5823:
5811:
5810:
5798:
5797:
5785:
5784:
5772:
5771:
5759:
5758:
5746:
5745:
5744:
5731:
5730:
5729:
5699:
5698:
5690:
5666:
5656:
5646:
5636:
5626:
5616:
5599:
5589:
5579:
5569:
5559:
5549:
5539:
5501:
5486:
5476:
5466:
5456:
5446:
5436:
5426:
5416:
5406:
5396:
5386:
5376:
5368:
5367:
5338:
5328:
5290:
5285:
5284:
5244:
5214:
5199:
5189:
5179:
5169:
5161:
5160:
5097:
5090:
5083:
5074:
5073:
5011:
5010:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4966:
4965:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4875:
4874:
4800:Save the Manatee
4789:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4654:
4648:
4647:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4621:
4619:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4585:. 23 July 2017.
4579:
4573:
4572:
4555:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4425:. Archived from
4419:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4400:. Archived from
4394:
4388:
4387:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4309:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4258:. Archived from
4248:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4229:. Archived from
4219:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4176:
4169:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4142:. Archived from
4132:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4083:on March 6, 2016
4082:
4075:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4042:
4036:
4023:
4017:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3942:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3867:. July 5, 1996.
3857:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3810:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3699:. Archived from
3675:(4): 1098–1105.
3660:
3654:
3641:
3635:
3622:
3616:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3567:
3558:(9): 1442–1447.
3543:
3537:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3469:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3358:10.1002/aqc.3323
3344:(6): 1182–1193.
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3303:
3297:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3234:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3151:. Archived from
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3042:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2932:
2885:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2857:
2851:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2753:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2589:. Archived from
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2558:Birds Underwater
2550:
2544:
2543:
2517:
2508:(6): 1061–1071.
2493:
2487:
2486:
2471:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2417:(5): 1049–1058.
2410:Animal Cognition
2400:
2394:
2391:
2376:
2375:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2340:. Archived from
2330:
2324:
2323:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2282:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2200:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2179:
2172:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2149:. Archived from
2116:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2060:
2050:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1995:
1985:
1972:
1971:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1923:
1917:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1854:
1848:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1806:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1538:SeaWorld Orlando
1534:Miami Seaquarium
1492:, ships used by
1416:navigation locks
1077:harbor near the
1071:Narragansett Bay
893:Feeding behavior
865:, water celery,
793:long-term memory
728:seagrass meadows
533:
426:
425:
422:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
381:
373:
365:
357:
254:
170:
169:
140:
130:
60:
45:Temporal range:
39:
38:
27:Genus of mammals
21:
5970:
5969:
5965:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5959:
5940:Mammal families
5925:
5924:
5923:
5918:
5910:
5905:
5897:
5892:
5884:
5879:
5871:
5866:
5858:
5853:
5845:
5840:
5832:
5827:
5819:
5814:
5806:
5801:
5793:
5788:
5780:
5775:
5767:
5762:
5754:
5749:
5740:
5739:
5734:
5725:
5724:
5719:
5706:
5696:
5691:
5674:
5524:
5494:
5353:
5313:
5274:
5237:
5207:
5157:
5148:
5107:
5101:
5071:
5066:
5051:
5045:T. senegalensis
5003:
5002:
5000:
4988:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4947:
4909:
4902:
4861:Wayback Machine
4844:Wayback Machine
4832:Wayback Machine
4807:Wayback Machine
4796:
4762:
4760:Further reading
4757:
4756:
4746:
4744:
4729:
4725:
4710:
4706:
4699:
4685:
4681:
4671:
4655:
4651:
4638:
4634:
4617:
4615:
4606:
4605:
4601:
4592:
4590:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4569:
4557:
4556:
4552:
4542:
4540:
4539:on 28 June 2015
4525:
4521:
4512:
4510:
4495:
4491:
4482:
4480:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4457:
4455:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4432:
4430:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4407:
4405:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4364:
4360:
4351:
4349:
4336:
4335:
4331:
4322:
4320:
4310:
4303:
4294:
4292:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4265:
4263:
4256:Tampa Bay Times
4250:
4249:
4245:
4236:
4234:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4206:
4204:
4193:
4189:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4149:
4147:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4119:
4117:
4100:
4096:
4086:
4084:
4080:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4055:
4053:
4043:
4039:
4033:Wayback Machine
4024:
4020:
4014:Wayback Machine
4005:
4001:
3991:
3989:
3974:
3970:
3960:
3958:
3943:
3939:
3930:
3928:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3900:
3898:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3874:
3872:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3844:
3842:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3771:
3767:
3757:
3755:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3731:
3729:
3728:on 1 April 2011
3720:
3719:
3715:
3706:
3704:
3661:
3657:
3651:Wayback Machine
3642:
3638:
3632:Wayback Machine
3623:
3619:
3613:Wayback Machine
3604:
3600:
3591:
3589:
3544:
3540:
3532:
3528:
3499:
3495:
3470:
3463:
3454:
3452:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3429:
3427:
3412:
3408:
3399:
3397:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3375:
3373:
3330:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3296:., 11: 467–481)
3291:
3287:
3277:
3275:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3252:
3250:
3235:
3228:
3218:
3216:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3184:
3182:
3172:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3141:
3137:
3128:
3126:
3111:
3107:
3098:
3096:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3068:
3066:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3036:
3035:
3028:
3026:
3009:
3005:
2995:
2993:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2966:
2964:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2883:
2877:
2873:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2840:
2825:10.2307/1379938
2805:
2801:
2794:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2745:
2736:
2734:
2675:
2671:
2662:
2660:
2609:
2605:
2596:
2594:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2567:
2565:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2462:
2458:
2448:
2446:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2379:
2360:
2356:
2347:
2345:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2300:
2296:
2234:
2230:
2215:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2153:
2114:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2019:
2015:
2008:
1986:
1975:
1968:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1855:
1851:
1845:Wayback Machine
1836:
1832:
1823:
1821:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1751:
1742:The Jungle Book
1733:Rudyard Kipling
1692:Herman Melville
1662:diorama at the
1652:
1620:
1579:in France, the
1575:in Germany, in
1569:Tierpark Berlin
1518:
1436:
1412:
1376:
1342:
1265:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1216:
1184:
1170:, southeastern
1156:
1044:
1015:T. senegalensis
955:T. senegalensis
935:
930:
917:
895:
843:
834:
814:
777:
769:
740:
700:
589:
557:
523:
397:
393:
379:
372:Rafinesque 1815
371:
363:
355:
285:
279:
253:
164:
155:African manatee
131:
129:
128:
127:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
55:
54:
53:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5968:
5958:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5916:
5903:
5890:
5877:
5864:
5851:
5838:
5825:
5812:
5799:
5786:
5773:
5760:
5747:
5732:
5716:
5714:
5708:
5707:
5693:
5692:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5662:
5652:
5642:
5632:
5622:
5612:
5605:
5595:
5585:
5582:Culebratherium
5575:
5565:
5555:
5545:
5534:
5532:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5522:
5515:
5507:
5505:
5503:Hydrodamalinae
5496:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5482:
5472:
5462:
5452:
5442:
5432:
5422:
5412:
5402:
5392:
5382:
5371:
5365:
5359:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5351:
5344:
5334:
5323:
5321:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5311:
5304:
5296:
5294:
5282:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5265:
5258:
5250:
5248:
5246:Protosirenidae
5239:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5228:
5220:
5218:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5195:
5185:
5175:
5164:
5158:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5146:
5137:
5131:
5125:
5119:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5100:
5099:
5092:
5085:
5077:
5068:
5067:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5040:
5031:
5021:
5019:
5008:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4986:
4976:
4974:
4963:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4939:
4933:
4927:
4921:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4901:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4863:
4851:
4846:
4834:
4822:
4809:
4795:
4794:External links
4792:
4791:
4790:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4723:
4704:
4697:
4679:
4669:
4649:
4632:
4599:
4574:
4567:
4550:
4519:
4489:
4464:
4439:
4414:
4389:
4358:
4329:
4301:
4272:
4243:
4214:
4187:
4156:
4127:
4094:
4062:
4037:
4018:
3999:
3968:
3937:
3908:
3882:
3865:New York Times
3852:
3822:
3765:
3739:
3713:
3655:
3636:
3617:
3598:
3538:
3526:
3493:
3461:
3436:
3414:Stock, David.
3406:
3382:
3324:
3298:
3285:
3259:
3226:
3200:
3191:
3166:
3135:
3105:
3076:
3050:
3003:
2973:
2944:
2900:10.1086/515427
2871:
2852:
2838:
2799:
2792:
2774:
2743:
2689:(4): 417–420.
2669:
2603:
2574:
2545:
2488:
2478:
2456:
2395:
2377:
2368:Marine Mammals
2354:
2325:
2314:(3): 599–619.
2294:
2228:
2213:
2190:
2159:
2156:on 2004-11-10.
2102:
2072:
2013:
2006:
1973:
1966:
1948:
1918:
1905:
1898:
1880:
1849:
1830:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1766:
1763:Mammals portal
1750:
1747:
1737:The White Seal
1651:
1648:
1619:
1616:
1530:Lowry Park Zoo
1517:
1514:
1435:
1432:
1411:
1408:
1375:
1372:
1356:dinoflagellate
1351:Karenia brevis
1341:
1338:
1279:Lloyd's mirror
1264:
1261:
1243:
1240:
1235:Main article:
1232:
1229:
1215:
1212:
1183:
1180:
1155:
1152:
1095:Chassahowitzka
1052:metabolic rate
1043:
1040:
1026:brackish water
987:Gulf of Mexico
965:Three manatees
934:
931:
929:
926:
916:
913:
894:
891:
855:alligator weed
842:
839:
833:
830:
813:
810:
776:
773:
768:
765:
739:
736:
699:
696:
673:homeotic genes
588:
585:
556:
553:
534:"hand" and to
522:
519:
499:Gulf of Mexico
448:marine mammals
385:
384:
383:
382:
374:
366:
358:
347:
346:
340:
339:
338:
337:
329:
322:
315:
308:
294:
293:
287:
286:
280:
271:
270:
264:
263:
246:
242:
241:
236:
232:
231:
226:
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
158:
157:
142:
141:
133:
132:
124:
123:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5967:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5913:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5895:
5891:
5887:
5882:
5878:
5874:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5843:
5839:
5835:
5830:
5826:
5822:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5791:
5787:
5783:
5778:
5774:
5770:
5765:
5761:
5757:
5752:
5748:
5743:
5737:
5733:
5728:
5722:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5700:
5689:
5671:
5670:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5613:
5611:
5610:
5606:
5604:
5603:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5592:Dioplotherium
5586:
5584:
5583:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5552:Callistosiren
5546:
5544:
5543:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5497:
5491:
5490:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5473:
5471:
5470:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5453:
5451:
5450:
5449:Paralitherium
5443:
5441:
5440:
5439:Metaxytherium
5433:
5431:
5430:
5423:
5421:
5420:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5393:
5391:
5390:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5360:
5350:
5349:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5216:Prorastomidae
5210:
5204:
5203:
5202:Sobrarbesiren
5196:
5194:
5193:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5166:
5165:
5162:
5159:
5156:
5151:
5145:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5132:
5130:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5113:
5110:
5105:
5098:
5093:
5091:
5086:
5084:
5079:
5078:
5075:
5065:
5064:
5058:
5048:
5046:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5032:
5030:
5028:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5009:
4999:
4995:
4985:
4983:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4967:
4964:
4954:
4950:
4944:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4926:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4907:
4899:
4894:
4892:
4887:
4885:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4815:
4812:Murie, James
4810:
4808:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4727:
4719:
4715:
4708:
4700:
4698:1-85538-118-4
4694:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4662:
4661:
4653:
4645:
4644:
4636:
4629:
4627:
4613:
4612:Stabroek News
4609:
4603:
4588:
4584:
4578:
4570:
4564:
4560:
4554:
4538:
4534:
4533:bradenton.com
4530:
4523:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4493:
4478:
4474:
4468:
4453:
4449:
4443:
4429:on 2015-09-05
4428:
4424:
4418:
4404:on 2017-01-01
4403:
4399:
4393:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4372:Mammal Review
4369:
4362:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4333:
4319:
4315:
4308:
4306:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4262:on 2016-03-05
4261:
4257:
4253:
4247:
4233:on 2020-05-29
4232:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4202:
4198:
4191:
4173:
4166:
4160:
4146:on 2020-05-24
4145:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4115:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4098:
4079:
4072:
4066:
4052:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4022:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4003:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3972:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3941:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3912:
3896:
3892:
3886:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3856:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3769:
3754:on 2011-02-08
3753:
3749:
3743:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3703:on 2021-11-26
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3640:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3621:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3602:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3530:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3497:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3477:
3468:
3466:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3425:
3421:
3420:New Scientist
3417:
3410:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3328:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3295:
3294:Conserv. biol
3289:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3231:
3214:
3210:
3204:
3195:
3181:
3177:
3170:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3139:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3095:on 2020-02-13
3094:
3090:
3089:ABC7 New York
3086:
3080:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3046:
3040:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3007:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2948:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2908:1969.1/182579
2905:
2901:
2897:
2894:(4): 449–57.
2893:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2848:
2842:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2795:
2789:
2785:
2778:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2607:
2593:on 2017-10-07
2592:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2564:on 2017-10-07
2563:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2460:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2399:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2344:on 2016-09-19
2343:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2232:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2206:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2176:
2169:
2163:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2009:
2007:0-87196-871-1
2003:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1969:
1967:0-87596-143-6
1963:
1959:
1952:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1922:
1915:
1909:
1901:
1899:1-84273-964-6
1895:
1891:
1884:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1834:
1820:on 2023-06-05
1819:
1815:
1813:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1785:Dwarf manatee
1783:
1782:
1778:
1767:
1764:
1758:
1753:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1684:In the novel
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1640:sugar estates
1637:
1634:, and later,
1633:
1629:
1625:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1573:Nuremberg Zoo
1570:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1552:'s The Seas,
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1512:their range.
1509:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1474:
1473:Jimmy Buffett
1470:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1449:Vern Buchanan
1445:
1441:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1308:veterinarians
1300:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1260:
1253:
1248:
1238:
1228:
1226:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1190:south to the
1189:
1188:Senegal River
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1151:
1149:
1148:New Scientist
1145:
1141:
1137:
1136:Klaus Thymann
1133:
1132:T. m. manatus
1129:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
983:Caribbean Sea
980:
971:
963:
956:
952:
948:
944:
939:
925:
923:
912:
909:
901:Manatee plate
899:
890:
888:
887:widgeon grass
884:
880:
879:manatee grass
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
859:water lettuce
856:
852:
851:pickerel weed
848:
845:Manatees are
838:
832:Communication
829:
827:
826:estrous cycle
823:
819:
809:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
781:
772:
764:
762:
758:
749:
744:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
695:
693:
689:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
661:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
631:
629:
625:
621:
616:
608:
602:
601:Oklahoma City
598:
593:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
552:
550:
546:
542:
541:
537:
532:
528:
518:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
495:Caribbean Sea
492:
488:
485:Manatees are
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
446:
442:
441:
437:
433:
430:
424:
391:
378:
375:
370:
367:
364:Brunnich 1772
362:
359:
354:
351:
350:
348:
345:
341:
335:
334:
330:
328:
327:
323:
321:
320:
316:
314:
313:
309:
307:
303:
302:
298:
297:
295:
292:
288:
283:
278:
277:
272:
269:
265:
261:
257:
252:
251:
247:
244:
243:
240:
237:
234:
233:
230:
227:
224:
223:
220:
217:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
168:
163:
159:
156:
152:
148:
143:
139:
134:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
59:
52:
48:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5711:
5667:
5657:
5647:
5637:
5627:
5617:
5607:
5600:
5590:
5580:
5572:Corystosiren
5570:
5562:Crenatosiren
5560:
5550:
5542:Bharatisiren
5540:
5519:Hydrodamalis
5517:
5510:
5487:
5477:
5467:
5457:
5447:
5437:
5429:Kaupitherium
5427:
5419:Lentiarenium
5417:
5407:
5397:
5387:
5377:
5347:
5346:
5339:
5329:
5319:Trichechinae
5306:
5301:Anomotherium
5299:
5292:Miosireninae
5280:Trichechidae
5267:
5260:
5253:
5230:
5223:
5200:
5192:Prototherium
5190:
5180:
5170:
5144:Paenungulata
5139:
5133:Superorder:
5061:
5044:
5035:
5026:
5015:
5014:
4998:Trichechidae
4981:
4969:
4866:
4817:
4813:
4767:
4745:. Retrieved
4741:the original
4736:
4726:
4717:
4707:
4688:
4682:
4674:
4659:
4652:
4642:
4635:
4623:
4616:. Retrieved
4611:
4602:
4591:. Retrieved
4577:
4558:
4553:
4541:. Retrieved
4537:the original
4532:
4522:
4511:. Retrieved
4502:
4492:
4481:. Retrieved
4467:
4456:. Retrieved
4442:
4431:. Retrieved
4427:the original
4417:
4406:. Retrieved
4402:the original
4392:
4378:(2): 49–59.
4375:
4371:
4367:
4361:
4350:. Retrieved
4341:
4332:
4321:. Retrieved
4318:ocean.si.edu
4317:
4293:. Retrieved
4284:
4275:
4264:. Retrieved
4260:the original
4255:
4246:
4235:. Retrieved
4231:the original
4226:
4217:
4205:. Retrieved
4190:
4179:. Retrieved
4159:
4148:. Retrieved
4144:the original
4139:
4130:
4118:. Retrieved
4107:
4097:
4087:February 20,
4085:. Retrieved
4078:the original
4065:
4054:. Retrieved
4050:
4040:
4021:
4002:
3990:. Retrieved
3981:
3971:
3959:. Retrieved
3950:
3940:
3929:. Retrieved
3920:
3917:"2023 Bloom"
3911:
3899:. Retrieved
3885:
3873:. Retrieved
3864:
3855:
3843:. Retrieved
3834:
3825:
3782:
3778:
3768:
3756:. Retrieved
3752:the original
3742:
3730:. Retrieved
3726:the original
3716:
3705:. Retrieved
3701:the original
3672:
3668:
3658:
3639:
3620:
3601:
3590:. Retrieved
3555:
3551:
3541:
3529:
3513:(1): 39–48.
3510:
3506:
3496:
3487:
3481:
3475:
3453:. Retrieved
3439:
3428:. Retrieved
3419:
3409:
3398:. Retrieved
3394:
3385:
3374:. Retrieved
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4140:www.fws.gov
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3243:www.fws.gov
3159:January 28,
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5348:Trichechus
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5016:Trichechus
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4953:Dugongidae
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4593:2017-07-23
4513:2013-07-24
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4458:2016-12-31
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4408:2016-12-31
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4323:2021-12-24
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4266:2016-03-01
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1824:2021-12-17
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1396:starvation
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4120:April 7,
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