376:
42:. Little is known about his reign. Historical authenticity and accuracy of the only document mentioning his name has been questioned. As with other
247:
82:
965:
867:
872:
105:
177:
793:
375:
970:
960:
955:
611:
170:
854:
813:
803:
526:
257:
31:
737:
697:
465:
460:
310:
212:
8:
911:
833:
536:
475:
285:
202:
823:
430:
345:
330:
300:
242:
207:
163:
131:
101:
58:
35:
934:
921:
877:
828:
772:
440:
420:
340:
320:
295:
197:
39:
887:
859:
838:
621:
576:
450:
355:
145:
894:
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777:
571:
425:
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315:
290:
275:
265:
237:
62:
23:
949:
906:
702:
682:
672:
415:
365:
227:
34:. He probably reigned in the mid to late ninth century CE. He was the son of
762:
531:
390:
818:
808:
747:
722:
511:
445:
395:
325:
141:
521:
882:
727:
692:
642:
626:
596:
51:
757:
657:
400:
232:
222:
916:
742:
712:
667:
581:
556:
516:
501:
435:
350:
217:
752:
732:
662:
652:
591:
566:
541:
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470:
455:
410:
335:
280:
186:
100:(3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 91.
43:
27:
900:
717:
687:
677:
606:
601:
561:
551:
405:
47:
767:
707:
647:
616:
546:
270:
586:
496:
491:
155:
83:"Jewish nomads, or was the Khazar Khanate a Jewish State?"
128:
3rd ed. Rowman & Littlefield
Publishers, Inc, 2018.
54:
of the
Khazars, although the latter is more likely.
138:Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1954.
947:
150:Khazarian Hebrew Documents of the Tenth Century.
171:
178:
164:
152:Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1982.
948:
159:
95:
46:rulers, it is unclear whether he was
57:Menasseh was succeeded by his uncle
13:
136:The History of the Jewish Khazars,
14:
982:
374:
966:9th-century monarchs in Europe
89:
75:
1:
68:
185:
7:
10:
987:
118:
96:Brook, Kevin Alan (2018).
930:
847:
786:
635:
484:
383:
372:
256:
193:
864:Khazar ancestry claims
612:Semikarakorsk Fortress
855:Khazar Correspondence
126:The Jews of Khazaria.
32:Khazar Correspondence
20:Menasseh ben Hezekiah
98:The Jews of Khazaria
248:Dnieper trade route
22:was a hypothetical
912:Mandgelis Document
895:Khazars in fiction
834:Svetlana Pletnyova
476:Yitzhak ha-Sangari
124:Kevin Alan Brook.
943:
942:
824:Alexander Harkavy
794:Mikhail Artamonov
243:Volga trade route
132:Douglas M. Dunlop
107:978-1-5381-0342-5
30:mentioned in the
978:
971:9th-century Jews
922:Schechter Letter
878:Crimean Karaites
829:Thomas S. Noonan
378:
213:Arab–Khazar wars
180:
173:
166:
157:
156:
112:
111:
93:
87:
86:
85:. 19 March 2019.
79:
16:King of Khazaria
986:
985:
981:
980:
979:
977:
976:
975:
961:Jewish monarchs
946:
945:
944:
939:
926:
888:Jewish Cossacks
860:Khazar language
843:
839:Omeljan Pritsak
814:Peter B. Golden
782:
631:
480:
379:
370:
252:
189:
184:
146:Omeljan Pritsak
121:
116:
115:
108:
94:
90:
81:
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76:
71:
17:
12:
11:
5:
984:
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938:
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849:
845:
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841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
799:Vasily Bartold
796:
790:
788:
784:
783:
781:
780:
778:Volga Bulgaria
775:
770:
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760:
755:
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710:
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630:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
572:Saltovo-Mayaki
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
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486:
482:
481:
479:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
426:John of Gothia
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
387:
385:
381:
380:
373:
371:
369:
368:
363:
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353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
262:
260:
254:
253:
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250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
194:
191:
190:
183:
182:
175:
168:
160:
154:
153:
139:
129:
120:
117:
114:
113:
106:
88:
73:
72:
70:
67:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
983:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
956:Khazar rulers
954:
953:
951:
936:
933:
932:
929:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
907:Kievan Letter
905:
903:
902:
898:
896:
893:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
865:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
852:
850:
846:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
789:
785:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
683:Crimean Goths
681:
679:
676:
674:
673:Black Klobuks
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
640:
638:
634:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
489:
487:
483:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
416:Hazer Tarkhan
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
386:
384:Other figures
382:
377:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
263:
261:
259:
258:Khazar rulers
255:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
228:Pax Khazarica
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
192:
188:
181:
176:
174:
169:
167:
162:
161:
158:
151:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
130:
127:
123:
122:
109:
103:
99:
92:
84:
78:
74:
66:
64:
60:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
38:, the son of
37:
33:
29:
26:ruler of the
25:
21:
899:
527:Golden Hills
391:Alp Iluetuer
305:
149:
135:
125:
97:
91:
77:
56:
19:
18:
819:Lev Gumilev
809:Norman Golb
804:D.M. Dunlop
636:Tributaries
512:Chersonesus
446:Ras Tarkhan
396:Alp Tarkhan
326:Manasseh II
142:Norman Golb
950:Categories
883:Subbotniks
728:Laz people
693:East Slavs
643:Abkhazians
627:Tamatarkha
597:Samosdelka
461:Sviatoslav
306:Manasseh I
233:Radhanites
69:References
52:Khagan Bek
868:Ashkenazi
758:Pechenegs
658:Baranjars
401:Balgitzin
286:Zachariah
223:Meshchera
198:Byzantium
935:Category
917:Red Jews
873:Cossacks
787:Scholars
743:Mordvins
713:Kipchaks
668:Bashkirs
582:Sambalut
577:Samandar
557:Khazaran
522:GĂĽsliyev
517:Dagestan
502:Balanjar
466:Theodora
436:Papatzys
351:Aaron II
346:Benjamin
311:Hanukkah
301:Hezekiah
218:Kipchaks
208:Abbasids
203:Bulgaria
187:Khazaria
59:Hanukkah
36:Hezekiah
773:Uralics
753:Onogurs
738:Magyars
733:Lezgins
723:Kassogs
663:Barsils
653:Arsiyah
592:Samiran
567:Levedia
542:Kazarki
471:Tzitzak
456:Sfengus
411:Bulchan
341:Menahem
336:Aaron I
321:Zebulun
296:Obadiah
281:Parsbit
119:Sources
44:Bulanid
40:Obadiah
28:Khazars
901:Kuzari
848:Legacy
763:Sabirs
718:Kumyks
708:Kabars
703:Juhuri
688:Cumans
678:Burtas
607:Sarkel
602:Saqsin
587:Sambat
562:Khumar
537:Kavkaz
485:Places
451:Serach
441:Pesakh
431:Leo IV
406:Barjik
366:George
356:Joseph
104:
61:or by
48:Khagan
24:Turkic
768:Sarir
748:Oghuz
648:Alans
622:Taman
617:Sudak
552:Kerem
547:Kerch
532:Kaffa
361:David
316:Isaac
291:Bulan
276:Bihar
271:Busir
266:Irbis
63:Isaac
698:Huns
497:Azaq
492:Atil
421:HLGW
331:Nisi
238:Rus'
144:and
102:ISBN
507:Bar
50:or
952::
148:,
134:,
65:.
179:e
172:t
165:v
110:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.