43:
71:
418:, who had established himself as the region's superlative political and military force, with his ambitious and sophisticated push for his kingdom's royal imagery promotion, the official style of a king would become imperial თჳთმპყრობელი (
689:. The Bagratid kings would expand their authority beyond the confines of Georgia itself, transforming the kingdom into an imperial power. Georgia's imperial "Byzantinization" would result in abandoning its traditional use of the
693:
liturgy; in the presence of thousands of
Georgian monks throughout Byzantine lands, including Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Cyprus, Anatolia, Bulgaria, on Mount Athos; and the Byzantino-Georgian exchange of diplomatic
42:
752:
should have had a biological connection and/or matrimony with an existing family. The
Pharnavazids, Chosroids and Bagratids were related through descent, intermarriage and adoption.
649:
in 813. They brought rapid expansion and consolidation within
Georgian polities. Bagrationi monarchs would base much of their culture modeling and competing intensely with the
1484:
607:
sources. The pre-Christian
Georgian rulers identified Persia as the "land of heroes and giants", an exalted status that was never bestowed upon Rome or Byzantium.
599:. The pre-Christian Georgian kings modeled themselves in a same heroic garb as in the Iranian epic cycle and imagery, also incorporating several allusions to the
1397:
Eastmond, A. (2017) Eastern
Approaches to Byzantium: Papers from the Thirty-Third Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, University of Warwick, Routledge,
366:. Despite the monarchy was in abeyance, and that royal governing disintegrated, the principality rulers would still continue to claim to be referred to as
711:, but the term would become absolute and universal during and after David IV. Gurgen's title is elaborated by the Bagratid-commissioned chronicler
1477:
1370:
Rapp, Stephen H. (2014) The
Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature,
1439:
623:. Bakur's sons would remain in the mountainous region of Kakheti; their royal pedigree would rule the region as titular princes styled as
2150:
1470:
595:
The
Pharnavazids were fascinated by the Persian structure of royal administration, yet cultivated close relations with the Hellenistic
2058:
480:
was later totally usurped and consistently used by
Georgian monarchs, denoting sovereignty over several Persianate subjects such as
1595:
515:, with its royal legitimacy and ideological pillar, would rule Georgia for a millennium, from its medieval elevation down to the
492:. The royal cult of a monarch would reach its zenith with a female ruler, Tamar, whose execution of power would inaugurate the
1457:
1416:
1402:
1379:
2118:
2178:
2113:
1567:
2038:
1988:
1493:
1433:
1392:
516:
127:
2063:
2028:
215:
2053:
2048:
2043:
670:
2023:
1408:
690:
2203:
2188:
2033:
662:
17:
2198:
1807:
474:). David IV's royal projection of his grandiose title was partly aimed at a non-Georgian audience. Title
136:
1561:
2193:
732:
1387:(2003) Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts; Peeters Bvba
1502:
724:
398:
1619:
1449:
646:
363:
2173:
2093:
2086:
1837:
1624:
1601:
728:
394:
31:
206:) it is only applied to the king's consort and does not have a meaning of a ruling monarch.
1920:
1855:
1825:
1700:
1683:
669:
and surrounded by the warrior saints. 12th century icon preserved in the collection of the
415:
402:
401:
would emerge as the fusion of many lands and territories, that would lead towards a total
8:
2183:
2103:
2081:
1983:
1589:
1528:
745:
493:
2131:
2108:
1695:
1371:
744:
The
Georgian kingship had stubborn and staunch devotion to rules of legitimism and the
712:
650:
2003:
1813:
1720:
1613:
1584:
1578:
1453:
1429:
1412:
1398:
1388:
1375:
355:
168:
122:
112:
49:
1462:
1438:
Bakhtadze, M. (2015) Georgian titulature of Tao-Klarjeti ruling
Bagrationi dynasty,
1952:
1849:
1757:
1665:
1607:
1572:
1556:
1421:
1384:
708:
604:
497:
176:
84:
70:
1888:
1843:
1767:
1710:
1677:
351:
653:. They frequently claimed saintly status and linked themselves with the divine,
1819:
1647:
1425:
528:
233:
1442:, Institute of Georgian History Proceedings, IX, Tbilisi, Publishing Meridiani
2167:
2137:
1967:
1942:
1861:
1752:
1641:
1548:
1445:
504:
459:
225:
144:
440:
1930:
1744:
1659:
1510:
686:
682:
658:
600:
481:
108:
88:
2125:
1715:
1705:
1653:
674:
641:
The Bagratids restored the royal authority soon after they succeeded the
237:
229:
54:
1925:
1867:
1689:
583:) were used simultaneously. Such abbreviations were common in Georgian.
489:
485:
476:
409:
62:) meaning "King, Abkhazians, Iberians, Ranis, Kakhetians, Armenians".
654:
642:
620:
596:
160:
1947:
1915:
1831:
1762:
1671:
1514:
678:
534:
507:, listing all the peoples and lands that she ruled as a semi-saint
390:). After 888 (or 889) restoration under next successive dynasty of
272:
1635:
1629:
1538:
625:
619:
The Chosroids were dethroned immediately after the death of King
251:
245:
1998:
1993:
1962:
1935:
1893:
1726:
666:
503:. Tamar was given the longest and more elaborate titles on the
80:
30:
This article is about the Georgian title. For other uses, see
1533:
228:, but the role would get more structured during the reign of
1448:(1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages;
1957:
1907:
1506:
546:
540:
275:
to mark only a legitimate ruler, accompanied with დიდებაჲ (
164:
140:
1407:
Eastmond, A. (1998) Royal imagery in medieval Georgia,
1492:
661:
pretensions, their royal superiority always depicted
128:
315:). Georgian monarch's reign was known as მეფობაჲ (
271:), the divinely endowed glory believed by ancient
224:was utilized since pre-Christian beginnings with
2165:
147:. The title was originally a male ruling title.
466:), similar to the Byzantine βασιλεὺς βασιλέων (
1424:(2013) Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia,
681:, styled as "pious emperor", standing next to
155:The word is derived from Georgian word მეუფე (
116:
1478:
703:The first Georgian king to assume the title "
358:resulting in the interregnum stretching from
1440:Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
449:
423:
375:
354:would abolish the Georgian kingship of the
320:
300:
280:
256:
191:
2151:Knowledge:WikiProject Royalty and Nobility
1485:
1471:
135:) is a royal title used to designate the
14:
2166:
343:led to imminent death or overthrow of
1466:
121:
58:inscription reading ႫႴႤႠႴႧႵႰႬႩႾႧႱႾႧ (
27:Mode of address to a Georgian monarch
2119:List of current constituent monarchs
637:
635:
615:
613:
591:
589:
567:
565:
563:
187:has a female equivalent, დედოფალი (
24:
2114:List of current sovereign monarchs
1568:Imperial and Most Faithful Majesty
249:who would possess 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵 (
25:
2215:
1989:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
1494:Imperial, royal, and noble styles
738:
697:
632:
610:
586:
95:) meaning "Tamar, King of Kings".
560:
69:
41:
1364:
1351:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1009:
1000:
991:
982:
973:
964:
955:
946:
937:
928:
919:
910:
901:
892:
883:
874:
865:
856:
847:
838:
216:Style of the Georgian sovereign
139:, whether it is referring to a
2104:Defender of the Holy Sepulchre
829:
820:
811:
802:
793:
784:
775:
766:
13:
1:
1409:Pennsylvania State University
759:
685:and receiving the crown from
359:
350:In the late 6th century, the
715:, explaining Gurgen being a
150:
7:
1808:Imperial and Royal Highness
719:, and a father, of another
671:Saint Catherine's Monastery
522:
519:in the early 19th century.
175:), all derived from common
10:
2220:
2179:Georgian words and phrases
1562:Imperial and Royal Majesty
213:
209:
91:reading ႧႠႫႠႰ ႫႤႴႤႧ ႫႤႴႤ (
29:
2146:
2074:
2016:
1976:
1906:
1881:
1800:
1776:
1743:
1736:
1547:
1521:
1500:
1141:Eastmond, pp. 118-121-201
733:Kingdom of the Abkhazians
408:In the 12th century, the
117:
1348:Rapp (2014), pp. 232-240
1339:Rapp (2014), pp. 273-370
1330:Rapp (2014), pp. 230-231
1303:Rayfield, location: 2199
1231:Rayfield, location: 2194
1060:Rayfield, location: 1337
808:Rayfield, location: 1292
553:
362:580 to 888 as a demoted
159:) which literally means
1213:Eastmond (2017), p. 114
1168:Eastmond (2017), p. 113
1159:Eastmond (2017), p. 112
1105:Eastmond (2017), p. 111
1006:Rayfield, location: 980
934:Eastmond (2017), p. 109
725:Kingdom of the Iberians
470:) and Persian شاهنشاه (
405:, culminating in 1008.
87:at Bertubani Church of
2109:Great Catholic Monarch
1620:Most Excellent Majesty
1596:Most Christian Majesty
1450:Walter de Gruyter GmbH
647:Principality of Iberia
496:, her being styled as
236:. His successors, the
171:has the term as ნეფე (
60:mpe~apt~k~rn~kkht~skht
2094:Defender of the Faith
2087:Divine right of kings
1838:Ducal Serene Highness
1660:Most Eminent Highness
1625:Most Gracious Majesty
1602:Most Faithful Majesty
1321:Eastmond, pp. 162-178
1114:Rapp, pp. 165-231-479
32:Mepe (disambiguation)
1921:Duli Yang Maha Mulia
1856:Illustrious Highness
1826:Grand Ducal Highness
1684:Illustrious Highness
1267:Bakhtadze, pp. 20-22
416:David IV the Builder
403:Georgian unification
2204:Monarchs of Georgia
2189:Pharnavazid dynasty
2082:By the Grace of God
1285:Eastmond, pp. 67-70
1195:Eastmond, pp. 59-60
1186:Eastmond, pp. 70-71
997:Rapp (2014), p. 230
970:Rapp (2014), p. 228
862:Klimov, pp. 195-215
746:dynastic succession
723:. Gurgen ruled the
494:Georgian Golden Age
243:would be titled as
2199:Bagrationi dynasty
2132:Translatio imperii
1372:Ashgate Publishing
1078:Bakhtadze, pp. 5-9
988:Bakhtadze, pp. 1-4
713:Sumbat Davitis Dze
651:Byzantine emperors
2159:
2158:
2012:
2011:
2004:Sultanic Highness
1902:
1901:
1877:
1876:
1814:Imperial Highness
1796:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1614:Britannic Majesty
1585:Catholic Monarchs
1579:Apostolic Majesty
1458:978-3-11-015658-4
1417:978-0-271-01628-3
1403:978-1-351-94213-3
1380:978-1-4724-2552-2
1357:Rapp, pp. 234-338
1042:Eastmond, pp. 5-6
1033:Rapp, pp. 372-451
1024:Rapp, pp. 233-471
727:, while his son,
511:. The Bagrationi
468:basileus basileōn
444:) and მეფეთმეფე (
356:Kingdom of Iberia
169:Georgian dialects
16:(Redirected from
2211:
2194:Chosroid dynasty
1984:Amir al-Mu'minin
1974:
1973:
1882:Specific culture
1879:
1878:
1798:
1797:
1741:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1701:Most Illustrious
1666:Exalted Highness
1608:Orthodox Majesty
1590:Catholic Majesty
1573:Imperial Majesty
1503:Forms of address
1487:
1480:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1385:Rapp, Stephen H.
1358:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1241:
1240:Bakhtadze, p. 29
1238:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1222:Eastmond, p. 134
1220:
1214:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1166:
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1151:
1148:
1142:
1139:
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1124:
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1115:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1007:
1004:
998:
995:
989:
986:
980:
977:
971:
968:
962:
959:
953:
950:
944:
941:
935:
932:
926:
923:
917:
914:
908:
907:Rapp, pp. 11-277
905:
899:
896:
890:
887:
881:
880:Eastmond, p. 109
878:
872:
869:
863:
860:
854:
851:
845:
842:
836:
833:
827:
826:Eastmond, p. 178
824:
818:
815:
809:
806:
800:
797:
791:
788:
782:
781:Eastmond, p. 182
779:
773:
770:
753:
742:
736:
709:Gurgen of Iberia
701:
695:
691:Syro-Palestinian
639:
630:
617:
608:
605:Classical Syriac
593:
584:
569:
517:Russian conquest
465:
462:
457:
454:
451:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
361:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
314:
311:
310:fortune; destiny
308:
305:
302:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
270:
267:
264:
261:
258:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
177:Proto-Kartvelian
137:Georgian monarch
132:
125:
120:
119:
93:tamar mepet mepe
73:
45:
21:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2142:
2070:
2008:
1972:
1898:
1873:
1844:Serene Highness
1788:
1772:
1732:
1723:(The Much Hon.)
1711:Hochwohlgeboren
1678:Serene Highness
1543:
1517:
1496:
1491:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1312:Eastmond, p. 97
1311:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1294:Eastmond, p. 92
1293:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:Eastmond, p. 39
1248:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:Eastmond, p. 69
1149:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:Bakhtadze, p. 3
1050:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1001:
996:
992:
987:
983:
978:
974:
969:
965:
960:
956:
951:
947:
942:
938:
933:
929:
924:
920:
915:
911:
906:
902:
897:
893:
888:
884:
879:
875:
870:
866:
861:
857:
852:
848:
843:
839:
834:
830:
825:
821:
816:
812:
807:
803:
798:
794:
789:
785:
780:
776:
772:Eastmond, p. 58
771:
767:
762:
757:
756:
743:
739:
702:
698:
659:Davidic lineage
657:symbolism, had
645:and seized the
640:
633:
618:
611:
594:
587:
570:
561:
556:
543:, Persian title
525:
463:
458:
455:
452:
435:
433:absolute master
432:
429:
426:
420:tuitmp'q'robeli
387:
384:
381:
378:
352:Sassanid Empire
332:
329:
326:
323:
312:
309:
306:
303:
292:
289:
286:
283:
268:
265:
262:
259:
218:
212:
203:
200:
197:
194:
183:). Even though
153:
130:
123:[mepʰe]
100:
99:
98:
97:
96:
83:inscription of
74:
65:
64:
63:
48:A coin of King
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2217:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2098:Fidei defensor
2091:
2090:
2089:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2054:United Kingdom
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1910:
1904:
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1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1820:Royal Highness
1817:
1811:
1804:
1802:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1749:
1747:
1738:
1731:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1696:Most Excellent
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1648:Royal Highness
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1443:
1436:
1426:Reaktion Books
1419:
1405:
1395:
1382:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1242:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1161:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1125:
1123:Eastmond, p. 5
1116:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1008:
999:
990:
981:
972:
963:
954:
945:
936:
927:
918:
909:
900:
891:
882:
873:
864:
855:
853:Klimov, p. 196
846:
837:
835:Klimov, p. 120
828:
819:
810:
801:
792:
783:
774:
764:
763:
761:
758:
755:
754:
737:
696:
631:
609:
585:
571:The terms ႫႴ (
558:
557:
555:
552:
551:
550:
549:, Slavic title
544:
538:
532:
524:
521:
505:royal charters
370:and ჴელმწიფე (
266:royal radiance
234:3rd century BC
214:Main article:
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179:მფ/მეფე/მაფა (
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683:Saint George
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579:) and ႫႤႴႤ (
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18:Mepe (title)
2126:Sacred king
2034:Netherlands
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1801:Middle Ages
1716:Wohlgeboren
1706:Hochgeboren
1654:Monseigneur
1564:(HI&RM)
790:Rapp, p. 38
677:shows King
675:Mount Sinai
655:eucharistic
498:Tamar, the
399:new kingdom
395:Adarnase IV
335:). Loss of
295:) and სუე (
238:Pharnavazid
230:Pharnavaz I
78:Asomtavruli
55:Asomtavruli
2184:Honorifics
2168:Categories
1926:Great king
1868:Excellency
1729:(Millourt)
1690:Excellency
1446:Klimov, G.
760:References
731:, led the
694:marriages.
509:mepetamepe
490:Eldiguzids
486:Shaddadids
477:Shahanshah
472:shahanshah
441:autokratōr
372:helmts'ipe
2017:Countries
1737:Antiquity
748:as a new
705:mepetmepe
643:Chosroids
621:Bakur III
597:Seleucids
446:mepetmepe
385:sovereign
290:greatness
220:The term
189:dedopali;
161:sovereign
151:Etymology
2075:See also
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2039:Portugal
1948:Maharaja
1916:Baghatur
1858:(HIll.H)
1850:Serenity
1832:Highness
1763:Sebastos
1758:Augustus
1686:(HIll.H)
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1557:Holiness
1515:nobility
679:David IV
575:), ႫႴႤ (
535:Basileus
523:See also
488:and the
410:Bagratid
330:kingship
273:Persians
113:Georgian
50:David IV
2029:Georgia
1977:Islamic
1777:Georgia
1768:Dominus
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626:mtavari
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246:goliath
232:in the
210:History
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167:. Some
2059:Canada
2049:Sweden
2044:Serbia
2024:France
1999:Sharif
1994:Hadrat
1963:Shogun
1953:Mikado
1936:Khagan
1894:Senhor
1840:(HDSH)
1828:(HGDH)
1727:Milord
1662:(HMEH)
1656:(Msgr)
1598:(HMCM)
1522:Africa
1513:, and
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729:Bagrat
707:" was
667:crowns
663:haloes
529:Caesar
484:, the
397:, the
115::
111:: ႫႴ;
81:fresco
1908:Asian
1862:Grace
1846:(HSH)
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1680:(HSH)
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1604:(HFM)
1592:(HCM)
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1575:(HIM)
1534:Nkosi
1507:popes
554:Notes
438:i.e.
368:mepes
241:mepes
201:queen
157:meupe
143:or a
85:Tamar
52:with
1958:Shah
1931:Khan
1870:(HE)
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1852:(HS)
1834:(HH)
1784:Mepe
1692:(HE)
1674:(HH)
1644:(HG)
1638:(HM)
1505:for
1454:ISBN
1430:ISBN
1413:ISBN
1399:ISBN
1389:ISBN
1376:ISBN
750:mepe
721:mepe
717:mepe
665:and
603:and
581:mepe
547:Tsar
541:Shah
513:mepe
500:mepe
450:lit.
424:lit.
413:mepe
392:mepe
376:lit.
345:mepe
339:and
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185:mepe
173:nepe
165:lord
163:and
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129:meh-
118:მეფე
104:Mepe
1889:Don
673:on
577:mpe
341:sue
297:sue
226:Azo
131:PEH
76:An
2170::
1509:,
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634:^
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