538:(mixed with non-clay additives) with grit (crushed rock) or limestone. Pots were usually made in a conoidal or conical jar with rounded shoulders, slightly constricted necks, and flaring rims. Pottery was most often decorated with a variety of linear or paddle stamps that created "dentate" (tooth-like) impressions, wavy line impressions, checked surfaces, or fabric-impressed surfaces, but some pots were incised with herringbone and other geometric patterns or, more rarely, with pictorial imagery such as faces. Pots were coiled and paddled entirely by hand without the use of fast rotation such as a pottery wheel. Some were slipped or brushed with red ochre.
526:, art objects made from mica, novaculite, hematite, banded slate, and other kinds of stone, shell beads and cups, and leaf-shaped "cache blades". This culture is believed to have been core to the Meadowood Interaction Sphere, in which cultures in the Great Lakes region, the St. Lawrence region, the Far Northeast, and the Atlantic region interacted. The large area of interaction is indicated by the presence of Adena-style mounds, the presence of exotic goods from other parts of the interaction spheres, and the participation in the "Early Woodland Burial Complex" defined by William Ritchie
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domesticated plant foods, and a mobile subsistence strategy in which small groups took advantage of seasonally available resources such as nuts, fish, shellfish, and wild plants. Pottery, which had been manufactured during the
Archaic period in limited amounts, was now widespread across the Eastern Interior, the Southeast, and the Northeast. The Far Northeast, the Sub-Arctic, and the Northwest/Plains regions widely adopted pottery somewhat later, about 200 BCE.
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controlled specific territories. Access to food or resources outside a clan's territory would be made possible through formal agreements with neighbors. Clan heads would be buried along with goods received from their trading partners to symbolize the relationships they had established. Under this scenario, permanent settlements would be likely to develop, leading to increased agricultural production and a population increase.
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some clans resorted to raiding others for resources. Alternatively, the efficiency of bows and arrows in hunting may have decimated the large game animals, forcing the tribes to break apart into smaller clans to better use local resources, thus limiting the trade potential of each group. A third possibility is a colder climate may have affected food yields, possibly affected by
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The late
Woodland period was a time of apparent population dispersal, although populations do not appear to have decreased. In most areas construction of burial mounds decreased markedly, as did long-distance trade in exotic materials. At the same time, bow and arrow technology gradually overtook the
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Pottery, agriculture, and permanent settlements have often been thought of the three defining characteristics of the
Woodland period. However, it has become evident that, in some areas of North America, prehistoric cultural groups with a clearly Archaic cultural assemblage were making pottery without
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This period is variously considered a developmental stage, a time period, a suite of technological adaptations or "traits", and a "family tree" of cultures related to earlier
Archaic cultures. It can be characterized as a chronological and cultural manifestation without any massive changes in a short
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Late
Woodland settlements became more numerous, but the size of each one (with exceptions) was smaller than their Middle Woodland counterparts. The reasons for this are unknown, but it has been theorized that populations increased so much that trade alone could no longer support the communities and
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and burial goods, researchers assume a common body of religious practice and cultural interaction existed throughout the entire region (referred to as the "Hopewellian
Interaction Sphere"). Such similarities could also be the result of reciprocal trade, obligations, or both between local clans that
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The Early
Woodland period continued many trends begun during the Late and Terminal Archaic periods, including extensive mound-building, regional distinctive burial complexes, the trade of exotic goods across a large area of North America as part of interaction spheres, the reliance on both wild and
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Ceramics during this time were thinner and better quality than earlier times. Examples show pottery also was more decorated than Early
Woodland. One style was the Trempealeau phase, which could have been seen by the Hopewell in Indiana. This type included a round body, and lines of decoration with
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Recently evidence has accumulated a greater reliance on woodland peoples on cultivation in this period, at least in some localities, than has historically been recognized. This is especially true for the middle woodland period and perhaps beyond. C. Margaret Scarry states "in the
Woodland periods,
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In coastal regions, many settlements were near the coast, often near salt marshes, which were habitats rich in food resources. People tended to settle along rivers and lakes in both coastal and interior regions for maximum access to food resources. Nuts were processed in large amounts, including
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cultures spanned a period from roughly 1000 BCE to
European contact in the eastern part of North America, with some archaeologists distinguishing the Mississippian period, from 1000 CE to European contact as a separate period. The term "Woodland Period" was introduced in the 1930s as a
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gifts, many of which were not local. Among the traded materials were copper from the Lake Superior deposits; silver from Lake Superior and especially Ontario; galena from Missouri and Illinois; mica from the southern Appalachians; chert from various places including Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois;
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people diversified their use of plant foods ... increased their consumption of starchy foods. They did so, however, by cultivating starchy seeds rather than by gathering more acorns." Smith and Yarnell refer to an "indigenous crop complex" as early as 3800 B.P. in parts of the region.
492:, consisting of weedy seed plants as well as gourd cultivation, also meant that groups became less mobile over time and, in some times and places, people lived in permanently occupied villages and cities. Intensive agriculture characterizes the Mississippian period from
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for a couple of thousand years after the introduction of pottery, and in parts of the Northeast, horticulture was never practiced. This research indicated that a fiber-tempered horizon of ceramics greatly predates 1000 BCE, first appearing about 2500 BCE in parts of
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pipestone from Ohio and Illinois; alligator teeth from the lower Mississippi Valley eastward to Florida; marine shells, especially whelks, from the south Atlantic and Gulf coasts; Knife River chalcedony from North Dakota; and obsidian from Yellowstone in Wyoming.
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cross-etching on rim. The Havana style found in Illinois had a decorated neck. One of the major tools unique to this era was Snyders Points. These were quite large and corner-notched. They were made by soft-hammering percussion, and finished by pressure flaking.
939:, retained a way of life that was technologically identical to the Late Woodland until the arrival of Europeans. Despite the widespread adoption of the bow and arrow during this time, the peoples of a few areas appear never to have made the change. During
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Coastal peoples practiced seasonal mobility, moving to the coast during the summer to take advantage of numerous marine resources such as sea mammals and shellfish, then moved to interior locations during the winter where access to deer, bear, and
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Although many of the Middle Woodland cultures are called "Hopewellian", and groups shared ceremonial practices, archeologists have identified the development of distinctly separate cultures during the Middle Woodland period. Examples include the
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The beginning of the Middle Woodland saw a shift of settlement to the Interior. As the Woodland period progressed, local and inter-regional trade of exotic materials greatly increased to the point where a trade network covered most of the
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488:(although pottery manufacture had arisen during the Archaic period in some places), and the diversification of pottery forms, decorations, and manufacturing practices. The increasing use of horticulture and the development of the
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870:) was introduced. While full-scale intensive agriculture did not begin until the following Mississippian period, the beginning of serious cultivation greatly supplemented the traditional gathering of plants.
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technology. As such, researchers are now redefining the period to begin with not only pottery, but the appearance of permanent settlements, elaborate burial practices, intensive collection and/or
881:, also limiting trade possibilities. Lastly, it may be that agricultural technology became sophisticated enough that crop variation between clans lessened, thereby decreasing the need for trade.
943:'s travels through the Southeastern Woodlands around 1543, for instance, his expedition noted the groups living at the mouth of the Mississippi river who still preferentially used the spear.
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As communities became more isolated, they began to develop in their own unique ways, giving rise to small-scale cultures that were distinctive to their regional areas. Examples include the
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could see them through the winter. Seasonal foraging also characterized the strategies of many interior populations, with groups moving strategically among dense resource areas.
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built conical mounds in which single- or multiple-event burials, often cremated, were interred along with rich grave goods including copper bracelets, beads, and
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Although the 1000 CE ending of the Late Woodland period is traditional, in practice many regions of the Eastern Woodlands adopted the full
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any evidence of the cultivation of domesticated crops. In fact, it appears that hunting and gathering continued as the basic subsistence
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Pottery was widely manufactured and sometimes traded, particularly in the Eastern Interior region. Clay for pottery was typically
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Scarry, C. Margaret (2003). "Patterns of Wild Plant Utilization in the Prehistoric Eastern Woodlands". In Minnis, Paul E. (ed.).
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Mason, Ronald J. (1970). "Hopewell, Middle Woodland, and the Laurel Culture: A Problem in Archaeological Classification".
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1106:. New York State Museum and Science Service Circular. Vol. 40. Albany: The University of the State of New York.
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Sassaman, Kenneth E. (2002). "Woodland Ceramic Beginnings". In Anderson, David G.; Mainfort, Robert C. Jr. (eds.).
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formed an important part of the diet, attested to by numerous shell middens along the coast and interior rivers.
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Ford, Janet (1990). "The Tchula Connection: Early Woodland Culture and Burial Mounds in North Mississippi".
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Ferris, Neal; Spence, Michael W. (July–December 1995). "The Woodland Traditions in Southern Ontario".
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1310:"Initial formation of an indigenous crop complex in eastern North America at 3800 B.P."
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426:. The Eastern Woodlands cultural region covers what is now eastern Canada south of the
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The most cited technological distinction of this period was the widespread use of
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The most archaeologically certifiable sites of burial during this time were in
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499:–1400 CE and may have continued up to European contact, around 500 years ago.
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Recent Discoveries Suggesting an Early Woodland Burial Cult in the Northeast
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much later than that. Some groups in the north and northeast of the current
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and that subsistence horticulture/agriculture did not occur in much of the
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Archaeology of the Southeastern United States: Paleoindian to World War I
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Hopewell Interaction Area and local expressions of the Hopewell tradition
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821: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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of important people were very elaborate and contained a variety of
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Indian Mounds of the Atlantic Coast: A Guide from Maine to Florida
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Seeking Our Past: An Introduction to North American Archaeology
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1476:(9). Pan American Institute of Geography and History: 83–138.
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The Moundbuilders: Ancient Peoples of Eastern North America
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1015:. Newark, OH: McDonald & Woodward. 1987. p. 13.
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until the end of the period, when they were replaced by
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465:, and shelter construction. Many Woodland peoples used
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Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska
1362:. New York, NY: Thames & Hudson. pp. 82–83.
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time but instead having a continuous development in
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Pawnee Mission and Burnt Village Archeological Site
477:; however, Southeastern Woodland peoples also used
165:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
27:
North American cultural period (1000 BCE – 1000 CE)
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1275:People and Plants in Ancient Eastern North America
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1235:
1179:"The Woodland Period (ca. 2000 B.C. – A.D. 1000)"
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1198:
5480:10th-century disestablishments in North America
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1993:
4234:University of Tennessee Agriculture Farm Mound
4136:List of archaeological periods (North America)
2784:List of archaeological periods (North America)
2028:List of archaeological periods (North America)
1572:List of archaeological periods (North America)
1386:. Oshkosh, WI: University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh
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3812:Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte Memorial Hospital
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1979:
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1308:Smith, Bruce D.; Yarnell, Richard A. (2009).
1075:Neusius, Sarah W.; Gross, G. Timothy (2014).
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4199:Little Maquoketa River Mounds State Preserve
1471:
1307:
1242:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1074:
699:. Throughout the Southeast and north of the
355:List of archaeological periods (Mesoamerica)
2670:Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley
1279:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
66:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1986:
1972:
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4882:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
2114:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
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1334:
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837:Learn how and when to remove this message
682:Middle Woodland period (200 BCE – 500 CE)
604:
243:Learn how and when to remove this message
225:Learn how and when to remove this message
123:Learn how and when to remove this message
5465:Late Prehistoric period of North America
5455:Archaeological cultures of North America
2189:Seip Earthworks and Dill Mounds District
1418:
1204:
783:specializes in Middle Woodland culture.
685:
397:archaeological cultures of North America
86:This article includes a list of general
4071:Native American place names in Nebraska
2522:Crystal River Archaeological State Park
2214:Williamson Mound Archeological District
1101:
978:Crystal River Archaeological State Park
14:
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1159:. Research Laboratories of Archaeology
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2241:Carrier Mills Archaeological District
1967:
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723:. These have come to be known as the
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819:adding citations to reliable sources
790:
505:Early Woodland period (1000–200 BCE)
163:adding citations to reliable sources
134:
72:
31:
5353:Norse colonization of North America
4035:Fontenelle Forest Historic District
3919:Champe-Fremont 1 Archeological Site
1421:Archaeology of Precolumbian Florida
618:, and many wild berries, including
24:
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2428:Marksville Prehistoric Indian Site
1465:
1027:"Eastern Woodland Indians Culture"
854:. Agricultural production of the "
787:Late Woodland period (500–1000 CE)
92:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
5491:
4321:Extreme weather events of 535–536
3842:Carlisle Indian Industrial School
3486:Nebraska Indian Community College
3319:Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska
2395:Renner Village Archeological Site
2317:Albany Mounds State Historic Site
1489:
1446:, Southeast Archaeological Center
879:extreme weather events of 535–536
594:pottery manufacture ceased after
47:This article has multiple issues.
5470:Prehistoric cultures in Nebraska
4113:
3277:
2757:
2222:
1995:
1948:
1947:
1806:
1539:
1502:Woodland period in North America
1495:
1474:Revista de Arqueología Americana
795:
642:. Most groups relied heavily on
269:
139:
77:
36:
5373:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
4040:Wolfe and Grey (Schuyler) Sites
3924:Frank Parker Archeological Site
1423:. University Press of Florida.
1376:
1351:
1301:
1264:
1227:
806:needs additional citations for
150:needs additional citations for
55:or discuss these issues on the
5475:11th-century BC establishments
4010:Farwell Archeological District
3807:Genoa Indian Industrial School
2700:Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks
2513:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture
2390:Cloverdale archaeological site
1171:
1153:"Quick study: Woodland Period"
1145:
1118:
1095:
1068:
1041:
1019:
1005:
781:Center for American Archeology
634:, were eaten, as well as wild
513:
13:
1:
4015:Blue Springs, aka Wonder Site
3959:Table Rock Archeological Site
3929:Sweetwater Archeological Site
3822:Susan LaFlesche Picotte House
3786:Cunningham Archeological Site
3654:Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
3649:Nemaha Half-Breed Reservation
3582:Moses J. "Chief" Yellow Horse
2400:Trowbridge Archeological Site
2347:Naples Archeological District
1393:
1062:10.1525/aa.1970.72.4.02a00030
595:
493:
5338:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
5288:Eastern Agricultural Complex
3715:Fullerton Archeological Site
3481:Little Priest Tribal College
3200:Eastern Agricultural Complex
3001:Bayou Grande Cheniere Mounds
2710:Eastern Agricultural Complex
2451:Bynum Mound and Village Site
2433:Mott Archaeological Preserve
1419:Milanich, Jerald T. (1994).
1404:. New York: Academic Press.
577:Eastern Agricultural Complex
575:of starchy seed plants (see
490:Eastern Agricultural Complex
7:
4722:Bandelier National Monument
4596:List of Mississippian sites
4383:Pre-Columbian North America
4224:St. Croix River Access Site
3954:Humphrey Archeological Site
3949:Schrader Archeological Site
3710:Schrader Archeological Site
3369:Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska
3296:Historic and present tribes
3120:Southwest of Cut Off Lagoon
2332:Golden Eagle-Toppmeyer Site
1557:List of Adena culture sites
1382:Behm, Jeffrey (2007 March)
1211:University of Alabama Press
1081:. Oxford University Press.
946:
727:. Due to the similarity of
10:
5496:
5142:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
4747:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
4456:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
4050:Wiseman Archeological Site
4045:Schulte Archeological Site
3939:Ashland Archeological Site
3934:Burkett Archeological Site
3700:Horse Creek Pawnee Village
3542:Old Lady Grieves The Enemy
2895:Mazique Archeological Site
2608:Old Stone Fort (Tennessee)
2220:
1899:Lynden Reynolds Farm Mound
1358:Milner, George R. (2004).
1238:Prehistory of the Americas
1234:Fiedel, Stuart J. (1992).
963:Old Stone Fort (Tennessee)
529:
5411:
5383:Three Sisters agriculture
5238:
5170:
4702:
4431:
4389:
4303:
4242:
4144:
4126:
4063:
3967:
3881:
3855:
3794:
3758:
3677:
3641:
3618:Battle of Warbonnet Creek
3590:
3567:Susette LaFlesche Tibbles
3494:
3474:colleges and universities
3471:
3428:
3392:
3294:
3192:
3141:
2974:
2961:
2925:Shackleford Church Mounds
2792:
2774:
2662:
2616:
2576:Other Hopewellian peoples
2575:
2507:
2479:
2441:
2408:
2380:
2307:
2284:
2231:
2199:Shriver Circle Earthworks
2036:
2008:
1943:
1927:
1861:
1815:
1804:
1580:
1552:
1400:Bense, Judith A. (1994).
395:In the classification of
263:North American prehistory
4922:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
4481:Buttermilk Creek complex
4157:Beattie Park Mound Group
3690:Pike-Pawnee Village Site
3552:Susan La Flesche Picotte
3063:Little Pecan Island Site
2984:Atchafalaya Basin Mounds
2815:Churupa Plantation Mound
1127:Southeastern Archaeology
998:
422:and the agriculturalist
5122:Town Creek Indian Mound
5092:Sierra de San Francisco
4947:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
4290:Suwannee Valley culture
4025:Kurz Omaha Village Site
3968:Other precontact places
3720:Oto Indian Village Site
3359:Ponca Tribe of Nebraska
3046:Greenwood Cemetery Site
2481:Point Peninsula complex
2309:Havana Hopewell culture
2209:Tremper Mound and Works
2144:Nettle Lake Mound Group
1326:10.1073/pnas.0901846106
1102:Ritchie, W. A. (1955).
1050:American Anthropologist
762:Havana Hopewell culture
322:1000 BC – AD 1000
107:more precise citations.
5460:Pre-Columbian cultures
4777:Coso Rock Art District
4664:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
4567:List of Hopewell sites
4280:Princess Point complex
4260:Clemson Island culture
4120:Late Woodland cultures
4005:Nehawka Flint Quarries
3995:Hudson-Meng Bison Kill
3882:Precontact communities
3759:Historic sacred places
3205:Fourche Maline culture
2968:
2885:Lamarque Landing Mound
2593:Fourche Maline culture
2552:Swift Creek mound site
2372:Toolesboro Mound Group
2018:List of Hopewell sites
1207:The Woodland Southeast
1029:. Native Art in Canada
906:Weeden Island cultures
754:Fourche Maline culture
691:
605:Subsistence strategies
581:Southeastern Woodlands
424:Mississippian cultures
312:1000 BC – AD 500
18:Middle Woodland period
5185:Arlington Springs Man
5027:Portsmouth Earthworks
4331:Mississippian culture
4295:Weeden Island culture
3832:Moses Merrill Mission
3795:Other historic places
3642:Historic reservations
3608:Battle of Mud Springs
3210:Mississippian culture
3154:Chandler Landing Site
2967:
2179:Rocky Fork Enclosures
2174:Portsmouth Earthworks
2119:Indian Mound Cemetery
2084:Everett Knoll Complex
1708:Odd Fellows' Cemetery
1444:National Park Service
1439:"The Woodland Period"
1184:National Park Service
929:Mississippian culture
850:use of the spear and
689:
590:and coastal Georgia,
432:Eastern United States
5393:Transoceanic contact
5283:Container Revolution
4857:Gila Cliff Dwellings
4822:Etowah Indian Mounds
4326:Fort Ancient culture
3695:Skidi Pawnee Village
3678:Historic communities
3613:Battle of Rush Creek
3598:Battle of Ash Hollow
3430:Present reservations
3405:Omaha-Ponca language
3057:Little Cheniere Site
3011:Bayou Portage Mounds
2945:Troyville Earthworks
2779:Late Woodland period
2527:Etowah Indian Mounds
2382:Kansas City Hopewell
2233:Crab Orchard culture
2094:Fortified Hill Works
1648:Highbanks Metro Park
1504:at Wikimedia Commons
1452:on February 29, 2012
894:Coles Creek cultures
815:improve this article
766:Kansas City Hopewell
750:Crab Orchard culture
586:In some areas, like
415:falling between the
159:improve this article
5313:Green Corn Ceremony
5127:Turkey River Mounds
4917:Lake Jackson Mounds
4737:Blue Spring Shelter
4316:Belle Glade culture
4270:Monongahela culture
3985:Walker Gilmore site
3740:Theodore Davis Site
3109:Schwing Place Mound
3016:Bayou Sorrel Mounds
2940:Transylvania Mounds
2880:Kings Crossing site
2860:Frogmore Mound Site
2830:Cypress Grove Mound
2768:Plum Bayou cultures
2509:Swift Creek culture
2494:Serpent Mounds Park
2129:Marietta Earthworks
2099:Great Hopewell Road
2079:Ety Habitation Site
2002:Hopewellian peoples
1862:West Virginia sites
1778:Story (Chillicothe)
876:Northern Hemisphere
774:Swift Creek culture
459:textile manufacture
5398:Underwater panther
5072:Rosenstock Village
4942:Marmes Rockshelter
4927:L'Anse aux Meadows
4209:Memorial Park Site
3856:Precontact peoples
3532:Francis La Flesche
3220:Plaquemine culture
3132:Temple Mounds Site
3126:St. Gabriel Mounds
3103:Richeau Field Site
3028:Cypress Point Site
2969:
2955:Wade Landing Mound
2920:Scott Place Mounds
2845:Filhiol Mound Site
2825:Crippen Point site
2715:Underwater panther
2639:Fresh water pearls
2617:Exotic trade items
2542:Miner's Creek site
2499:LeVescounte Mounds
2410:Marksville culture
2367:Sinnissippi Mounds
2299:Norton Mound group
2164:Perin Village Site
2109:Hopeton Earthworks
1919:Turkey Creek Mound
1773:Story (Cincinnati)
1743:Ross Trails Circle
1713:Old Maid's Orchard
1623:George Deffenbaugh
914:Plum Bayou culture
770:Marksville culture
725:Hopewell tradition
692:
338:Post-Classic stage
302:8000–1000 BC
5432:
5431:
5424:Pre-Columbian era
5225:Spirit Cave mummy
5022:Plum Bayou Mounds
4932:Lynch Quarry Site
4451:Ancient Beringian
4349:
4348:
4341:St. Johns culture
4285:Springwells phase
4173:Brinsfield I Site
4079:
4078:
4000:Woodcliff Burials
3537:Joseph La Flesche
3393:Present languages
3339:Northern Cheyenne
3243:
3242:
3235:Troyville culture
3179:Plum Bayou Mounds
3052:Kleinpeter Mounds
3006:Bayou L’Ours Site
2989:Bayou Black Mound
2977:Coles Creek sites
2865:Ghost Site Mounds
2840:Feltus Mound Site
2793:Coles Creek sites
2723:
2722:
2583:Armstrong culture
2557:Third Gulf Breeze
2357:Ogden-Fettie Site
2266:O'byams Fort site
2261:Mount Vernon Site
2204:Stubbs Earthworks
2184:Rocky Fork Mounds
2149:Newark Earthworks
2054:Cary Village Site
1961:
1960:
1935:Mounds State Park
1869:Camden Park Mound
1658:Hodgen's Cemetery
1500:Media related to
1319:(16): 6561–6566.
1088:978-0-19-987384-5
847:
846:
839:
742:Armstrong culture
697:Eastern Woodlands
644:white-tailed deer
565:Stallings culture
413:prehistoric sites
411:generic term for
393:
392:
346:
345:
253:
252:
245:
235:
234:
227:
209:
174:"Woodland period"
133:
132:
125:
70:
16:(Redirected from
5487:
5450:1930s neologisms
5368:Projectile point
5205:Leanderthal Lady
5132:Upward Sun River
5107:Stallings Island
5097:Shell ring sites
5047:Recapture Canyon
4962:Moorehead Circle
4807:El Fin del Mundo
4792:Cueva de la Olla
4598:
4585:Maritime Archaic
4569:
4399:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4353:
4352:
4118:
4117:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4083:
4082:
3705:Cottonwood Creek
3685:Ton'wontongathon
3623:Grattan massacre
3577:James Young Deer
3527:Logan Fontenelle
3517:Joba Chamberlain
3495:Historic figures
3284:Native Americans
3282:
3281:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3247:
3246:
3142:Plum Bayou sites
3034:Eagle Point Site
2905:Mound Plantation
2820:Coles Creek Site
2762:
2761:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2727:
2726:
2695:Hopewell pottery
2423:Grand Gulf Mound
2342:Mound House site
2226:
2134:Moorehead Circle
2104:High Banks Works
2064:Dunns Pond Mound
2059:Cedar-Bank Works
2000:
1999:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1951:
1950:
1810:
1793:Wright-Patterson
1748:Short Woods Park
1544:
1543:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1499:
1485:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1448:. Archived from
1434:
1415:
1387:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1338:
1328:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1278:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1241:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1009:
988:Glenwood culture
973:Cane Island Site
941:Hernando de Soto
842:
835:
831:
828:
822:
799:
791:
600:
597:
592:Deptford culture
498:
495:
455:leather crafting
420:hunter-gatherers
385:
378:
371:
284:
283:
273:
255:
254:
248:
241:
230:
223:
219:
216:
210:
208:
167:
143:
135:
128:
121:
117:
114:
108:
103:this article by
94:inline citations
81:
80:
73:
62:
40:
39:
32:
21:
5495:
5494:
5490:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5445:Woodland period
5435:
5434:
5433:
5428:
5419:Genetic history
5407:
5261:Ceremonial pipe
5234:
5215:Minnesota Woman
5172:
5166:
4987:Ocmulgee Mounds
4967:Morrison Mounds
4912:Kolomoki Mounds
4902:Kimball Village
4762:Candelaria Cave
4704:
4698:
4679:Suwannee Valley
4614:Old Cordilleran
4594:
4565:
4433:
4427:
4393:
4385:
4380:
4350:
4345:
4299:
4255:Avonlea culture
4250:Alachua culture
4238:
4229:Sommerheim Park
4214:Nottingham Site
4140:
4122:
4112:
4110:
4080:
4075:
4059:
4055:Durflinger Site
3963:
3877:
3851:
3817:Indian agencies
3790:
3754:
3673:
3637:
3633:Indian Congress
3603:Massacre Canyon
3591:Historic events
3586:
3512:Chief Blackbird
3502:Antonine Barada
3490:
3473:
3467:
3424:
3388:
3290:
3276:
3274:
3244:
3239:
3188:
3137:
3091:Pennison Mounds
3068:Jerry Haas Site
2995:Bayou Cypremont
2976:
2970:
2959:
2870:Greenhouse site
2805:Balmoral Mounds
2788:
2770:
2756:
2754:
2724:
2719:
2685:Ceremonial pipe
2658:
2612:
2603:Saugeen complex
2571:
2537:Kolomoki Mounds
2515:
2511:
2503:
2475:
2437:
2404:
2376:
2337:Kamp Mound Site
2303:
2280:
2276:Yankeetown site
2227:
2218:
2194:Shawnee Lookout
2032:
2013:Woodland period
2004:
1994:
1992:
1962:
1957:
1939:
1923:
1914:St Mary's Mound
1909:St. Albans Site
1857:
1811:
1802:
1576:
1562:Woodland period
1548:
1538:
1536:
1492:
1468:
1466:Further reading
1455:
1453:
1437:
1431:
1412:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1384:Middle Woodland
1381:
1377:
1370:
1356:
1352:
1306:
1302:
1287:
1269:
1265:
1250:
1232:
1228:
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1203:
1199:
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1177:
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1160:
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1123:
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1100:
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1089:
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1042:
1032:
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1025:
1024:
1020:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1001:
949:
843:
832:
826:
823:
812:
800:
789:
684:
668:anadromous fish
607:
598:
532:
516:
507:
496:
475:bows and arrows
434:, along to the
401:Woodland period
389:
360:
359:
351:
318:Woodland period
308:Formative stage
281:
249:
238:
237:
236:
231:
220:
214:
211:
168:
166:
156:
144:
129:
118:
112:
109:
99:Please help to
98:
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37:
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5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5343:Mound Builders
5340:
5335:
5330:
5328:Medicine wheel
5325:
5320:
5318:Horned Serpent
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5258:
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5222:
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5202:
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5174:
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5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5057:Roberts Island
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4992:Old Stone Fort
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4957:Moaning Cavern
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4907:Kincaid Mounds
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4787:Cuarenta Casas
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4742:Bluefish Caves
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4703:Archaeological
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
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4641:
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4631:
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4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4501:Caloosahatchee
4498:
4493:
4488:
4486:Caborn-Welborn
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4437:
4435:
4432:Archaeological
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4379:
4378:
4371:
4364:
4356:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4307:Related topics
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4131:Mound Builders
4127:
4124:
4123:
4109:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4086:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4030:Patterson Site
4027:
4022:
4020:Barneston Site
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3971:
3969:
3965:
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3901:
3896:
3891:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3863:Central Plains
3859:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3802:Blackbird Hill
3798:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3735:Woodcliff Site
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3522:Larry EchoHawk
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3477:
3475:
3472:Present tribal
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3434:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3415:Sioux language
3412:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3250:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3225:Platform mound
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3196:Related topics
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3097:Portage Mounds
3094:
3088:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2935:Sundown Mounds
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2890:Marsden Mounds
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2835:DePrato Mounds
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2810:Boone's Mounds
2807:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2730:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2705:Horned Serpent
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2666:Related topics
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2598:Laurel complex
2595:
2590:
2588:Copena culture
2585:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2489:Lewiston Mound
2485:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2445:
2443:Miller culture
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2362:Rockwell Mound
2359:
2354:
2352:Naples Mound 8
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2322:Dickson Mounds
2319:
2313:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2237:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2139:Mound of Pipes
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2023:Mound Builders
2020:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2005:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
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1911:
1906:
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1896:
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1876:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1833:Jim King Mound
1830:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1816:Kentucky sites
1813:
1812:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
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1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1703:Mound Cemetery
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1653:Hillside Haven
1650:
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1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1582:
1578:
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1575:
1574:
1569:
1567:Mound Builders
1564:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1535:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1491:
1490:External links
1488:
1487:
1486:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1435:
1429:
1416:
1410:
1395:
1392:
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1226:
1219:
1197:
1170:
1144:
1133:(2): 103–115.
1117:
1094:
1087:
1067:
1056:(4): 802–815.
1040:
1018:
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1002:
1000:
997:
996:
995:
990:
985:
983:Mound Builders
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
948:
945:
935:, such as the
845:
844:
803:
801:
794:
788:
785:
746:Copena culture
683:
680:
606:
603:
588:South Carolina
557:Orange culture
531:
528:
515:
512:
506:
503:
436:Gulf of Mexico
405:North American
391:
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330:
324:
323:
320:
314:
313:
310:
304:
303:
300:
298:Archaic period
294:
293:
292:before 8500 BC
290:
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274:
266:
265:
251:
250:
233:
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147:
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85:
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35:
26:
9:
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4:
3:
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5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5303:Falcon dancer
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5239:Miscellaneous
5237:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5210:Melbourne Man
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5200:La Brea Woman
5198:
5196:
5195:Kennewick Man
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5169:
5163:
5160:
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5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5087:Serpent Mound
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5037:Pueblo Bonito
5035:
5033:
5032:Poverty Point
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5017:Pinson Mounds
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5007:Painted Bluff
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
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4948:
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4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4887:Horr's Island
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4817:Effigy Mounds
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4782:Crystal River
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4701:
4695:
4694:Weeden Island
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4659:Safety Harbor
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4649:Poverty Point
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4629:Paleo-Indians
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4590:Mississippian
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4568:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4557:
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4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
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4479:
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4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
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4411:
4409:
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4404:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4377:
4372:
4370:
4365:
4363:
4358:
4357:
4354:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4311:Steuben point
4309:
4306:
4305:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4241:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4183:Clampitt Site
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4125:
4121:
4116:
4107:
4102:
4100:
4095:
4093:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3990:Site JF00-072
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3957:
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3937:
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3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
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3917:
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3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3847:Ionia Volcano
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3776:Lalawakohtito
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3562:Standing Bear
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3280:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3259:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
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3213:
3211:
3208:
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3203:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3185:
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3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
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3147:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
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3118:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3080:Morgan Mounds
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3040:Gibson Mounds
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3022:Clovelly Site
3020:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
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2981:
2979:
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2966:
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2950:Venable Mound
2948:
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2881:
2878:
2876:
2875:Insley Mounds
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2855:Flowery Mound
2853:
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2584:
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2574:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:Yearwood site
2560:
2558:
2555:
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2548:
2545:
2543:
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2535:
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2500:
2497:
2495:
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2490:
2487:
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2484:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2471:Pinson Mounds
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2456:Ingomar Mound
2454:
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2449:
2448:
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2306:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2286:Goodall focus
2283:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2246:Cleiman Mound
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
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2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2169:Pollock Works
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
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2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
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2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2074:Ety Enclosure
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:Ohio Hopewell
2035:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1954:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:Indiana sites
1926:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1904:Neibert Mound
1902:
1900:
1897:
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1890:
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1573:
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1568:
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1560:
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1554:
1551:
1547:
1546:Adena Culture
1542:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1483:
1479:
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1470:
1469:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1430:0-8130-1273-2
1426:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1411:0-12-089060-7
1407:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1385:
1379:
1371:
1369:0-500-02118-X
1365:
1361:
1354:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1286:1-58834-133-X
1282:
1277:
1276:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1249:0-521-41532-2
1245:
1240:
1239:
1230:
1222:
1220:0-8173-1137-8
1216:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1140:
1136:
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1128:
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1080:
1079:
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1063:
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1028:
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1008:
1004:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
968:Pinson Mounds
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
944:
942:
938:
934:
933:United States
930:
925:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
882:
880:
877:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
856:Three Sisters
853:
841:
838:
830:
820:
816:
810:
809:
804:This section
802:
798:
793:
792:
784:
782:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
758:Goodall Focus
755:
751:
747:
743:
737:
733:
730:
726:
722:
718:
713:
710:
706:
705:burial mounds
702:
698:
688:
679:
675:
673:
669:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
602:
599: 700 CE
593:
589:
584:
583:by 1000 BCE.
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
549:
545:
539:
537:
527:
525:
521:
520:Adena culture
511:
502:
500:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
449:
445:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
418:
414:
409:
408:pre-Columbian
406:
402:
398:
386:
381:
379:
374:
372:
367:
366:
364:
363:
356:
353:
352:
350:
341:
339:
336:
335:
331:
329:
328:Classic stage
326:
325:
321:
319:
316:
315:
311:
309:
306:
305:
301:
299:
296:
295:
291:
289:
286:
285:
277:
276:
272:
268:
267:
264:
260:
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256:
247:
244:
229:
226:
218:
207:
204:
200:
197:
193:
190:
186:
183:
179:
176: –
175:
171:
170:Find sources:
164:
160:
154:
153:
148:This article
146:
142:
137:
136:
127:
124:
116:
106:
102:
96:
95:
89:
84:
75:
74:
69:
67:
60:
59:
54:
53:
48:
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
5403:Water glyphs
5358:Oasisamerica
5348:N.A.G.P.R.A.
5308:Folsom point
5298:Effigy mound
5278:Clovis point
5246:Aridoamerica
5147:Wickiup Hill
5102:Spiro Mounds
5082:Salmon Ruins
5077:Russell Cave
4872:Helen Blazes
4867:Grimes Point
4847:Fort Juelson
4837:Fort Ancient
4812:El Vallecito
4772:Chaco Canyon
4712:Angel Mounds
4674:Steed-Kisker
4624:Paleo-Arctic
4546:Glacial Kame
4531:Fort Ancient
4423:Post-Classic
4394:
4275:Oliver phase
4219:Ormond Mound
4119:
4064:Other topics
3909:Signal Butte
3904:Schultz site
3873:Dismal River
3867:
3730:McClean Site
3725:Leshara Site
3628:Cheyenne War
3458:Santee Sioux
3420:Sac language
3410:Fox language
3384:Skidi Pawnee
3174:Maberry Site
3164:Dogtown Site
3149:Baytown Site
3085:Pecan Mounds
3074:Machias Lake
2930:Spanish Fort
2915:Raffman site
2690:Effigy mound
2680:burial mound
2532:Leake Mounds
2466:Pharr Mounds
2418:Crooks Mound
2294:Goodall site
2124:Keiter Mound
2089:Fort Ancient
2069:Ellis Mounds
2049:Benham Mound
2012:
1879:Cresap Mound
1874:Cotiga Mound
1618:Coon Hunters
1593:Austin Brown
1561:
1473:
1454:. Retrieved
1450:the original
1442:
1420:
1401:
1383:
1378:
1359:
1353:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1274:
1266:
1237:
1229:
1206:
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1182:
1173:
1161:. Retrieved
1156:
1147:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1103:
1097:
1077:
1070:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1031:. Retrieved
1021:
1012:
1007:
926:
883:
872:
848:
833:
824:
813:Please help
808:verification
805:
778:
738:
734:
714:
693:
676:
664:
632:strawberries
608:
585:
573:horticulture
540:
533:
517:
508:
501:
483:
440:
430:region, the
400:
394:
348:
317:
288:Lithic stage
239:
221:
212:
202:
195:
188:
181:
169:
157:Please help
152:verification
149:
119:
110:
91:
63:
56:
50:
49:Please help
46:
29:
5388:Thunderbird
5256:Black drink
5220:Peñon woman
5157:Winterville
5137:Velda Mound
5117:Taos Pueblo
5012:Parkin Park
4997:Orwell site
4982:Nodena site
4877:Holly Bluff
4852:Four Mounds
4842:Fort Center
4767:Casa Grande
4717:Anzick site
4609:Monongahela
4536:Fort Walton
4511:Coles Creek
4476:Belle Glade
4461:Anishinaabe
4189:Fisher site
4185:(12-LR-329)
4178:Brokaw Site
3980:Indian Hill
3975:Indian Cave
3914:Site 25SM20
3771:Ahkawitakol
3750:Wright Site
3547:Petalesharo
3453:Sac and Fox
3184:Roland Site
2910:Peck Mounds
2900:Mott Mounds
2850:Fisher site
2764:Coles Creek
2675:Black drink
2547:Pierce Site
2461:Miller Site
2327:Duncan Farm
2271:Wilson site
2251:Hubele site
1894:Grave Creek
1843:Mount Horeb
1788:Wolf Plains
1768:David Stitt
1723:Carl Potter
1688:Luthor List
1638:Great Mound
1157:learnnc.org
628:raspberries
624:blueberries
514:Interaction
497: 1000
463:cultivation
332:AD 500–1200
215:August 2024
113:August 2024
105:introducing
5439:Categories
5333:Metallurgy
5293:Eden point
5190:Buhl Woman
5062:Rock Eagle
5052:River Styx
4977:Mummy Cave
4972:Moundville
4952:Mesa Verde
4937:Marksville
4684:Tchefuncte
4644:Plaquemine
4580:Las Palmas
4496:Calf Creek
4491:Cades Pond
4169:(12 MA 61)
4167:Bowen Site
3944:Yutan Site
3894:Ash Hollow
3889:Leary Site
3745:Kelso Site
3572:Jim Thorpe
3169:Hayes site
2654:Sea shells
2567:Yent Mound
2154:Oak Mounds
1889:Goff Mound
1853:Round Hill
1838:Mound Hill
1783:Williamson
1763:Spruce Run
1698:Miamisburg
1581:Ohio sites
1394:References
1295:2002030598
1112:1415029401
953:Rock Eagle
912:; and the
772:, and the
729:earthworks
701:Ohio River
342:after 1200
185:newspapers
88:references
52:improve it
5378:Stickball
5067:Rock Hawk
4897:Key Marco
4689:Troyville
4669:St. Johns
4654:Red Ocher
4413:Formative
4204:Man Mound
4194:Hoye Site
4162:Book site
4152:Baum Site
3557:Red Cloud
3463:Winnebago
3334:Missouria
3128:(16IV128)
3115:Sims site
3048:(16SMY10)
3036:(16IB123)
3030:(16VM112)
2800:Aden site
2649:Pipestone
2256:Mann site
2044:Beam Farm
1828:Gaitskill
1738:D.S. Rose
1603:Beam Farm
1456:August 6,
1163:March 28,
958:Rock Hawk
898:Louisiana
890:Troyville
660:Shellfish
640:persimmon
622:berries,
563:with the
555:with the
548:Southeast
428:Subarctic
58:talk page
5266:Chanunpa
5251:Ballgame
5230:Vero man
5180:Anzick-1
5152:Windover
5112:SunWatch
5042:Rassawek
4862:Glenwood
4752:Brewster
4604:Mogollon
4575:La Jolla
4561:Hopewell
4521:Deptford
4434:cultures
4265:Manahoac
4243:Cultures
3868:Woodland
3669:Niobrara
3329:Meskwaki
3314:Comanche
3288:Nebraska
3159:Coy Site
3122:(16SB50)
3111:(16IV13)
3105:(16TR82)
3093:(16AS16)
3087:(16SM37)
3070:(16SJ51)
3059:(16CM22)
3024:(16LF64)
2997:(16SMY7)
2991:(16TR78)
2644:Obsidian
1953:Category
1693:McDaniel
1678:Karshner
1608:Clemmons
1482:27768356
1345:19366669
1258:91-44302
1139:40712929
993:Cherokee
947:See also
937:Iroquois
922:Missouri
918:Arkansas
827:May 2023
717:Illinois
709:mortuary
670:such as
536:tempered
479:blowguns
349:See also
5415:Related
5273:Chunkey
5173:remains
5162:Wupatki
5002:Paquime
4892:Huápoca
4757:Cahokia
4727:Bastian
4634:Patayan
4556:Hohokam
4541:Fremont
4516:Comondú
4471:Baytown
4466:Avonlea
4446:Alachua
4418:Classic
4408:Archaic
4396:Periods
3507:Big Elk
3309:Arikara
3304:Arapaho
3215:Natchez
3134:(16LF4)
3099:(16SM5)
3076:(16SB2)
3042:(16TR5)
3018:(16IV4)
2975:Coastal
2159:Orators
1798:Zaleski
1728:Raleigh
1718:Orators
1673:Jackson
1643:Hartley
1633:Fortner
1598:Arledge
1336:2666091
1190:May 12,
1033:June 3,
910:Florida
902:Alachua
886:Baytown
652:raccoon
612:hickory
569:ceramic
561:Georgia
559:and in
553:Florida
544:economy
530:Pottery
524:gorgets
486:pottery
471:atlatls
417:Archaic
259:Periods
199:scholar
101:improve
4832:Folsom
4797:Cutler
4732:Benson
4619:Oneota
4551:Glades
4526:Folsom
4506:Clovis
4403:Lithic
4336:Oneota
3899:Coufal
3664:Pawnee
3354:Pawnee
3230:Taensa
2629:Galena
2624:Copper
1733:Reeves
1683:Kinzer
1668:Hurley
1613:Conrad
1480:
1427:
1408:
1366:
1343:
1333:
1293:
1283:
1256:
1246:
1217:
1137:
1110:
1085:
900:; the
868:squash
866:, and
852:atlatl
768:, the
764:, the
760:, the
756:, the
672:salmon
654:, and
648:beaver
636:grapes
630:, and
616:acorns
467:spears
399:, the
280:
201:
194:
187:
180:
172:
90:, but
5363:Piasa
5171:Human
4802:Eaker
4705:sites
4639:Plano
4441:Adena
4145:Sites
3827:Nanza
3781:Pahuk
3766:Pahur
3448:Ponca
3443:Omaha
3438:Ioway
3400:Hocak
3379:Sioux
3344:Omaha
3324:Kiowa
1884:Criel
1848:Ramey
1823:Biggs
1758:Snead
1753:Shrum
1588:Adena
1478:JSTOR
1135:JSTOR
999:Notes
864:beans
860:maize
451:tools
444:stone
206:JSTOR
192:books
5323:Kiva
3349:Otoe
2766:and
2634:Mica
1663:Horn
1628:Enon
1458:2009
1425:ISBN
1406:ISBN
1364:ISBN
1341:PMID
1313:PNAS
1291:LCCN
1281:ISBN
1254:LCCN
1244:ISBN
1215:ISBN
1192:2012
1165:2016
1108:OCLC
1083:ISBN
1035:2011
920:and
904:and
892:and
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