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1888:(1521–1567 AD), shows the emperor traveling on horseback with a large escort through the countryside from Beijing's Imperial City to the Ming tombs.
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There have been no excavations since 1989, but plans for new archeological research and further opening of tombs have circulated.
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of
Beijing Municipality, 42 kilometers (26 mi) north-northwest of Beijing's city center. The site, on the southern slope of
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Further in, the
Shengong Shengde Stele Pavilion can be seen; inside, there is a 50-ton stone statue of a
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Presently, the Ming tombs are designated as one of the components of the World
Heritage Site, the
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From the Yongle
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Shengong
Shengde Stele Pavilion at the beginning of the sacred walk leading to the tombs
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had denied him an imperial burial; instead, the
Jingtai Emperor was buried west of
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Dagong gate (Red in the middle) and Spirit way of the Ming tombs (behind the gate).
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This article is about the Ming tombs in
Beijing. For the Ming tomb in Nanjing, see
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The siting of the Ming dynasty imperial tombs was carefully chosen according to
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The imperial tombs are in chronological order and list the individuals buried:
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During the Ming dynasty, the tombs were off limits to commoners, but in 1644
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The panorama painting "Departure Herald", painted during the reign of the
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311:'Ming Thirteen Mausoleums'). They are located within the suburban
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of China. The first Ming emperor's tomb is located near his capital
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in August 2003. They were listed along with other tombs under the "
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bestowed the hereditary title of marquis on a descendant of the
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The Ming emperors not buried in one of the
Thirteen Tombs are:
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Tomb guardian statues of a warrior and official, Ming period
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are a collection of mausoleums built by the emperors of the
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Major
National Historical and Cultural Sites in Beijing
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Dingling, whose underground palace has been excavated (
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At present, only three tombs are open to the public:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
16:
Collection of mausoleums built by emperors of China
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2028:The three imperial tombs north of the great wall
1979:A silk burning stove at the Changling Mausoleum
3339:Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of
2928:Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of
2086:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
493:carrying a memorial tablet. Four white marble
364:. The last emperor buried at the location was
3315:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
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2716:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
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130:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
433:The Spirit Way pass through emperor pavilion
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472:A 7-kilometer (4 mi) road named the "
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
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2667:Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty
425:An overview of the Changling Mausoleum
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660:Watercolor overview of the Ming tombs
1991:Minglou Tower of Changling Mausoleum
54:adding citations to reliable sources
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3402:Buildings and structures in Beijing
1967:Ling'en Gate of Changling Mausoleum
1919:Ling'en Hall of Changling Mausoleum
356:, was also not buried here, as the
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684:Empresses and imperial concubines
372:by the emperor of the short-lived
285:Thirteen Tombs of the Ming dynasty
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182:Cultural: i, ii, iii, iv, vi
3412:Burial sites of the Ming dynasty
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441:Statue in the Ming tombs grounds
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3150:Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries
2302:Japanese missions to Ming China
344:of the first Ming emperor, the
325:by the third Ming emperor, the
41:needs additional citations for
3437:Tourist attractions in Beijing
2176:Campaign against the Uriankhai
1955:A statue inside the Ming tombs
1943:A statue inside the Ming tombs
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3442:World Heritage Sites in China
2887:World Heritage Sites in China
2236:Campaigns against the Mongols
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2042:north of Shenyang in Liaoning
3026:Kaiping Diaolou and Villages
2774:Covered jar with carp design
2390:Transition from Ming to Qing
2036:east of Shenyang in Liaoning
1605:'Tomb of Stability'
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2909:Classical Gardens of Suzhou
2769:Ming presentation porcelain
2368:Japanese invasions of Korea
1996:
535:GPX (secondary coordinates)
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2631:Compilations and Documents
2262:Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns
2048:east of Fushun in Liaoning
1907:An entrance to a Ming tomb
1823:40.2690806°N 116.1924000°E
1736:40.2875028°N 116.2599750°E
1651:40.2951194°N 116.2162583°E
1553:40.3081750°N 116.2337000°E
1517:Empress Dowager Xiaohewang
1462:40.2913222°N 116.2107083°E
1370:40.2883583°N 116.2516806°E
1279:40.3194528°N 116.2037222°E
1194:40.3231472°N 116.2166389°E
1109:40.3143333°N 116.2267139°E
1020:40.3137028°N 116.2321000°E
933:40.2983722°N 116.2523667°E
841:40.3050333°N 116.2376694°E
759:40.3014333°N 116.2431806°E
665:List of the Imperial Tombs
612:40.2951194°N 116.2162583°E
569:40.3014333°N 116.2431806°E
138:UNESCO World Heritage Site
18:
3432:Ming dynasty architecture
3392:17th-century architecture
3382:16th-century architecture
3372:15th-century architecture
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530:GPX (primary coordinates)
505:Map all coordinates using
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2902:Archaeological Ruins of
2827:Great Ming Treasure Note
2706:Ming Ancestors Mausoleum
2489:Administrative divisions
2292:Prince of Ning rebellion
2072:, No. 16, December 2008.
2070:CHINA HERITAGE QUARTERLY
2009:Ming Ancestors Mausoleum
1618:Empress Dowager Xiaojing
1520:Empress Dowager Xiaochun
1429:Empress Dowager Xiaoding
549:Changling, the largest (
513:Download coordinates as:
3208:Ancient City of Pingyao
3178:Chengde Mountain Resort
2646:The Hundred-word Eulogy
2312:Great Rites Controversy
2166:Ming conquest of Yunnan
2003:Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum
1828:40.2690806; 116.1924000
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1656:40.2951194; 116.2162583
1558:40.3081750; 116.2337000
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1375:40.2883583; 116.2516806
1284:40.3194528; 116.2037222
1199:40.3231472; 116.2166389
1114:40.3143333; 116.2267139
1025:40.3137028; 116.2321000
938:40.2983722; 116.2523667
846:40.3050333; 116.2376694
764:40.3014333; 116.2431806
617:40.2951194; 116.2162583
574:40.3014333; 116.2431806
3184:Putuo Zongcheng Temple
3081:Chengjiang Fossil Site
3035:Historic Monuments of
2684:Palaces and Mausoleums
2674:Ming Veritable Records
2322:Luso-Chinese agreement
1854:Zhu Biao, Emperor Kang
891:'Scenic Tomb'
661:
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250:40.25333°N 116.21750°E
3407:Cemeteries in Beijing
3397:17th century in China
3387:16th century in China
3377:15th century in China
3155:Three Parallel Rivers
2959:Cemetery of Confucius
2779:Yongning Temple Stele
2516:Imperial Commissioner
2241:Reign of Ren and Xuan
2201:Ming treasure voyages
2191:Dao Ganmeng rebellion
1161:Empress Xiaochengjing
985:Empress Xiaozhuangrui
900:Empress Xiaogongzhang
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525:GPX (all coordinates)
469:of the Ming dynasty.
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3047:Gaocheng Observatory
2378:Sino-Dutch conflicts
2277:Rebellion of Cao Qin
2206:Ming–Turpan conflict
2156:Red Turban Rebellion
2065:Eric N. Danielson, "
1614:Empress Xiaoduanxian
1514:Empress Xiaoyuanzhen
1422:Empress Xiaoyizhuang
1074:Empress Xiaozhenchun
396:Ming imperial family
50:improve this article
3427:Mausoleums in China
3351:Badain Jaran Desert
3347:of China (Phase II)
3120:Leshan Giant Buddha
2963:Kong Family Mansion
2725:Society and Culture
2660:Yongle Encyclopedia
2499:Imperial Clan Court
2442:Kingdom of Tungning
2395:Jurchen unification
2327:Jiajing wokou raids
2216:Battle of Palembang
2181:Battle of Buir Lake
2092:World Heritage List
2011:in Jiangsu Province
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3417:Changping District
3188:Xumi Fushou Temple
3086:Dazu Rock Carvings
2936:of China (Phase I)
2574:Military conquests
2420:Peasant rebellions
2297:Capture of Malacca
2272:Defense of Beijing
2186:Lin Kuan rebellion
2021:Western Qing tombs
2015:Eastern Qing tombs
1703:Empress Xiao'aizhe
1246:Empress Xiaojingyi
726:Empress Renxiaowen
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3284:Xinjiang Tianshan
3043:Shaolin Monastery
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2562:Gunpowder weapons
2521:Grand coordinator
2484:Grand Secretariat
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2344:(1572–1683)
2253:(1435–1572)
2221:Battle of Kherlen
2171:Ming–Mong Mao War
2161:Wu Mian rebellion
2147:(1368–1435)
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1783:Chongzhen Emperor
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1331:Empress Xiaojiesu
980:Zhengtong Emperor
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317:Tianshou Mountain
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2415:She-An Rebellion
2400:Seven Grievances
2373:Donglin movement
2358:Bozhou rebellion
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819:
801:
792:
778:
777:
775:
774:
773:
771:
766:
765:
760:
755:
752:
751:
750:
747:
737:
716:
707:
672:
671:
631:
630:
628:
627:
626:
624:
619:
618:
613:
608:
605:
604:
603:
600:
588:
587:
585:
584:
583:
581:
576:
575:
570:
565:
562:
561:
560:
557:
484:
404:Qianlong Emperor
358:Tianshun Emperor
310:
307:
303:
302:Míng Shísān Líng
294:
261:
260:
258:
257:
256:
251:
247:
244:
243:
242:
239:
149:
139:
133:
127:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3293:
3289:Qinghai Hoh Xil
3260:
3237:
3181:
3159:
3137:
3125:Mount Qingcheng
3067:
3040:
2996:
2987:
2889:
2884:
2854:
2849:
2844:History of Ming
2831:
2798:
2720:
2696:Chaotian Palace
2679:
2639:History of Yuan
2626:
2583:
2540:
2446:
2346:
2343:
2336:
2332:Single whip law
2307:Ningbo incident
2282:Miao rebellions
2255:
2252:
2245:
2149:
2146:
2130:
2124:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2064:
2060:
2055:
1999:
1992:
1989:
1980:
1977:
1968:
1965:
1956:
1953:
1944:
1941:
1932:
1929:
1920:
1917:
1908:
1905:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1886:Jiajing Emperor
1883:
1878:
1862:Jingtai Emperor
1858:Jianwen Emperor
1833:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1790:
1788:Empress Xiaojie
1746:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1661:
1659:
1655:
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1563:
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1472:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1427:
1425:Empress Xiao'an
1423:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1338:Empress Xiaoke
1337:
1335:Empress Xiaolie
1333:
1326:Jiajing Emperor
1289:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1241:Zhengde Emperor
1204:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1156:Hongzhi Emperor
1119:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1076:
1072:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1001:
988:Empress Xiaosu
987:
943:
941:
937:
935:
931:
930:
927:
922:
919:
917:
915:
914:
851:
849:
845:
843:
839:
838:
835:
830:
827:
825:
823:
822:
769:
767:
763:
761:
757:
756:
753:
748:
745:
743:
741:
740:
678:Chinese/pinyin
667:
653:" designation.
622:
620:
616:
614:
610:
609:
606:
601:
598:
596:
594:
593:
580:Chang Ling tomb
579:
577:
573:
571:
567:
566:
563:
558:
555:
553:
551:
550:
543:
542:
541:
540:
539:
463:Jundu Mountains
419:
402:in 1750 by the
354:Jingtai Emperor
350:Jianwen Emperor
254:
252:
248:
245:
240:
237:
235:
233:
232:
152:
137:
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3455:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
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3299:
3295:
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3281:
3276:
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3261:
3259:
3258:
3253:
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3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3198:Forbidden City
3195:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3138:including the
3131:
3122:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3041:including the
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3006:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2966:
2952:
2950:Wuyi Mountains
2947:
2942:
2937:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2899:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2882:
2875:
2868:
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2848:
2847:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2820:Yongle Tongbao
2817:
2815:Hongwu Tongbao
2806:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2691:Forbidden City
2687:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2579:Nine Garrisons
2576:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2363:Ordos campaign
2360:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2226:Ming–Kotte War
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2123:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2081:
2080:External links
2078:
2075:
2074:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2046:Yongling Tombs
2043:
2040:Zhao Mausoleum
2037:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1850:Hongwu Emperor
1844:
1843:
1813:116°11′32.64″E
1802:
1795:
1792:
1785:
1780:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1726:116°15′35.91″E
1715:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1698:Tianqi Emperor
1695:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1641:116°12′58.53″E
1630:
1623:
1620:
1611:
1606:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1543:116°14′01.32″E
1532:
1525:
1522:
1511:
1506:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1452:116°12′38.55″E
1441:
1434:
1431:
1420:
1415:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1360:116°15′06.05″E
1349:
1342:
1339:
1328:
1323:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1269:116°12′13.40″E
1258:
1251:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1184:116°12′59.90″E
1173:
1166:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1099:116°13′36.17″E
1088:
1081:
1078:
1071:Empress Xiaomu
1069:
1064:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1010:116°13′55.56″E
999:
992:
989:
982:
977:
958:
954:
953:
923:116°15′08.52″E
912:
905:
902:
897:
895:Xuande Emperor
892:
866:
862:
861:
831:116°14′15.61″E
820:
813:
810:
808:
806:Hongxi Emperor
803:
784:
780:
779:
749:116°14′35.45″E
738:
731:
728:
723:
721:Yongle Emperor
718:
699:
695:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
666:
663:
637:
636:
633:
623:Ding Ling tomb
602:116°12′58.53″E
590:
559:116°14′35.45″E
538:
537:
532:
527:
522:
516:
503:
502:
501:
418:
415:
346:Hongwu Emperor
331:Forbidden City
327:Yongle Emperor
263:
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224:
223:
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210:
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38:
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29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3454:
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3296:
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3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3256:Mukden Palace
3254:
3252:
3251:Koguryo sites
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3213:Summer Palace
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3192:Puning Temple
3189:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3134:Potala Palace
3132:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
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3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3002:South Central
2999:
2994:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2953:
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2946:
2943:
2941:
2940:Mount Sanqing
2938:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2904:Liangzhu City
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2892:
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2881:
2876:
2874:
2869:
2867:
2862:
2861:
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2801:
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2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:Ming Xiaoling
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
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2671:
2669:
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2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2509:Vassal prince
2507:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2494:Eastern Depot
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2457:
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2443:
2440:
2438:
2437:Southern Ming
2435:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
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2408:
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2403:
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2227:
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2222:
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2214:
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2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
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2192:
2189:
2187:
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2182:
2179:
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2174:
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2169:
2167:
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2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
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2151:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2121:
2116:
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2047:
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2038:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1987:
1982:
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1963:
1958:
1951:
1946:
1939:
1934:
1927:
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1876:
1869:
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1851:
1840:
1810:40°16′08.69″N
1803:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1773:
1765:
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1759:
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1753:
1723:40°17′15.01″N
1716:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
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1688:
1680:
1677:
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1668:
1638:40°17′42.43″N
1631:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1609:Wanli Emperor
1607:
1598:
1592:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1540:40°18′29.43″N
1533:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1499:
1491:
1488:
1485:
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1479:
1449:40°17′28.76″N
1442:
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1435:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1419:
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1414:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1357:40°17′18.09″N
1350:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1327:
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21:Ming Xiaoling
3310:China Danxia
3266:Northwestern
3073:Southwestern
2914:Fujian tulou
2842:
2836:Other topics
2747:Four Masters
2710:
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2477:House of Zhu
2430:Shanhai Pass
2410:Great Plague
2353:Jianzhou war
2127:Ming dynasty
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2023:near Beijing
2017:near Beijing
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65:"Ming tombs"
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48:Please help
43:verification
40:
3325:Grand Canal
3279:Mogao Caves
3203:Zhoukoudian
3173:Mount Wutai
3144:Norbulingka
3091:Fanjingshan
3021:Shennongjia
2789:Tai history
2472:Family tree
2383:Liaoluo Bay
2317:Renyin plot
2267:Tumu Crisis
2034:Fuling Tomb
1826: /
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228:Coordinates
200:2000 (24th
197:Inscription
3366:Categories
3341:Yellow Sea
3335:Tusi Sites
3330:Silk Roads
3305:Great Wall
3182:including
3129:Dujiangyan
3116:Mount Emei
3106:Jiuzhaigou
3058:Wulingyuan
2930:Yellow Sea
2757:Zhe School
2711:Ming tombs
2595:Inner Asia
2567:Shenjiying
2557:Great Wall
2455:Government
2053:References
2005:in Nanjing
1832: (
1745: (
1660: (
1562: (
1471: (
1379: (
1288: (
1203: (
1118: (
1029: (
942: (
850: (
768: (
715:Cháng Líng
698:Changling
621: (
578: (
474:Spirit Way
467:necropolis
385:Li Zicheng
378:Li Zicheng
269:Ming tombs
241:116°13′3″E
238:40°15′12″N
212:2003; 2004
209:Extensions
76:newspapers
3345:Bohai Sea
3243:Northeast
3101:Huanglong
2978:West Lake
2945:Mount Tai
2934:Bohai Sea
2924:Huangshan
2752:Wu School
2737:Musicians
2600:Manchuria
2588:Frontiers
1596:Dìng Líng
1503:Qìng Líng
1486:Qingling
1412:Zhāo Líng
1394:Zhaoling
1320:Yǒng Líng
1303:Yongling
1235:Kāng Líng
1218:Kangling
882:Jǐng Líng
865:Jingling
800:Xiàn Líng
783:Xianling
635:Zhaoling.
455:Feng Shui
366:Chongzhen
335:mausoleum
322:feng shui
187:Reference
106:July 2023
3037:Dengfeng
2983:Kulangsu
2803:Currency
2742:Painting
2552:Military
2545:Military
2088:on the
1997:See also
1578:Dingling
1150:Tài Líng
1133:Tailing
1061:Mào Líng
1044:Maoling
690:Picture
681:Emperor
459:geomancy
178:Criteria
158:Location
3140:Jokhang
3111:Lijiang
2973:Hongcun
2965:in Qufu
2810:Coinage
2784:Economy
2612:Vietnam
2504:Princes
2462:Emperor
2250:Middle
2136:History
1777:Sī Líng
1764:Chinese
1760:Siling
1692:Dé Líng
1679:Chinese
1675:Deling
1583:Chinese
1490:Chinese
1399:Chinese
1307:Chinese
1222:Chinese
1137:Chinese
1048:Chinese
974:Yù Líng
961:Chinese
957:Yuling
869:Chinese
787:Chinese
702:Chinese
496:Huabiao
483:Shéndào
362:Beijing
289:Chinese
281:Beijing
277:Nanjing
217:Website
202:Session
167:Nanjing
163:Beijing
90:scholar
3223:Xanadu
2971:, and
2955:Temple
2919:Lushan
2732:Poetry
2622:Yunnan
2144:Early
2129:topics
2090:UNESCO
1894:Images
1864:, and
1774::
1772:pinyin
1766::
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704::
644:UNESCO
632:); and
480::
478:pinyin
417:Layout
370:Siling
299::
297:pinyin
291::
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
3165:North
3063:Yinxu
2794:Islam
2617:Wokou
2605:Tibet
2536:Fotou
2405:Sarhū
2341:Late
1794:1644
1707:1627
1622:1620
1524:1620
1433:1572
1341:1566
1250:1521
1165:1505
1080:1487
991:1449
904:1435
812:1425
730:1424
687:Date
675:Name
171:China
97:JSTOR
83:books
3190:and
3142:and
3127:and
3118:and
3045:and
2969:Xidi
2961:and
2957:and
2895:East
2531:Tusi
2467:List
1602:lit.
888:lit.
491:Bixi
308:lit.
293:明十三陵
267:The
191:1004
165:and
69:news
2068:".
520:KML
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1683:德陵
1662:定陵
1599:;
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1587:定陵
1564:慶陵
1496:;
1494:慶陵
1473:昭陵
1405:;
1403:昭陵
1381:永陵
1313:;
1311:永陵
1290:康陵
1228:;
1226:康陵
1205:泰陵
1143:;
1141:泰陵
1120:茂陵
1054:;
1052:茂陵
1031:裕陵
967:;
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