144:
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131:
561:
1912:
25:
254:
151:
531:, head of the Coptic Orthodox Church, consecrated an additional 12 monks, followed later by one more monk. From 2003 onwards there have been repeatedly conflicts over land with neighbors of the monastery. In July 2008 there are a total of 18 monks and 9 novices residing in the monastery, who are assisted by tens of laymen.
460:
visited the monastery in the 1960s, the place was in ruins with remains stretching over a wide area. Only the historical church survived. Pieces of gray granite were also found, suggesting that the monastery may have been built on the location where an ancient temple once stood. On a small hill stand
1541:: "I will pray, I will pray, no matter what may happen to me." The demonstrators also shouted: "Pope Shenouda take care of the issue, we are behind you and we defend you with our blood." It is noteworthy that the same article stated that it was proved that the abduction of the monks was a mere rumor.
1488:
relations in Egypt starting in 1997 until today shows no
Christian demonstrations in Egypt between 1997 and 2001, and has recorded several demonstrations since. These were the result of an outburst of Coptic anger against al-Nabā', an Egyptian publication, which in 2001 alleged sexual practices of a
825:
permits. Monks of the monastery criticized local police, stationed approximately 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from the monastery, for arriving at the monastery several hours after having been informed of the attack. Coptic activists abroad, both during and following the attack, were contacted by monks
900:
that the absence of a state of law hurts both
Muslims and Christians alike, in the same way that other serious problems such as anarchy and unemployment do. Al-Shubaki referred to the widespread use of urfi agreements and the system of Wad al-Yad – a common practice to obtain land. One does not own
890:
that the attack against the
Monastery of Saint Fana was not the first of its kind, and that attacks have been carried out since 2005, but denies that there was a sectarian element to the attacks. Instead, he believes that there were materialistic and financial motives (land ownership) involved. He
1550:
In the first days following the attack, 1–8 June, 15 different
Egyptian print publications published 43 articles, many of them lengthy. In the weeks that followed, 9 June – 6 July, another 54 articles were published. For one month of reviews of Egyptian media following the attack see the English
841:. Many YouTube productions followed, statements were made, press releases were published, all placing the conflict in a sectarian context, rarely making references to conflicting land claims and if this is done, it is often done to explicitly deny that a land conflict played a role.
844:
The responses from monks, Christian workers in the monastery, and Coptic activists in the West encouraged hundreds of
Christians to demonstrate in Mallawi, a Middle Egyptian town which is the seat of the Bishop of Mallawi who is also the abbot of the Monastery of Saint Fana.
1297:, 2 June 2008 published an AFP report mentioning that "a security official confirmed that three monks had been kidnapped by Muslims during the clashes and were released on Sunday morning and taken to hospital for treatment." The publication also reported about the
867:
stated that the assailants did not want the monks to cultivate the desert land they legally possess. "These (assailants – referring to the Muslim Arab neighbors of the
Monastery) do not have any one to rule them," Pope Shenouda said in a statement criticizing the
1393:
website wrote on 7 June, "According to one of the monks on the scene, the
Egyptian police did not respond to the attacks until three hours after the call for help was made." Most references appear to be to Father Mina, see for example
904:
Coptic intellectual Dr. Samir Morkos believes this is a land-conflict with religious dimensions that were introduced to strengthen partisan positions. He worries about the effect that this dispute may potentially have on grassroots
809:
13 Muslims and two
Christians who were allegedly involved were arrested and brought before the prosecutor-general. Governor Ahmed Dia el-Din found a number of police reports documenting disputes over land that span several years.
891:
criticized the monks' allegations that they were targeted because they are Copts. Al Baz claims that the monks pretended that the attacks were of a sectarian nature to obtain people's compassion and prove that they are persecuted.
425:
mentions the monastery of Saint Fana twice, first in relation to the election of Pope
Theodosius III of Alexandria of the Coptic Orthodox Church, 1294–1300 and second to the childhood of Pope Matthew I of Alexandria, 1378–1408.
1580:
The governor denied the legality of the ownership documents of the monastery and called them urfi, that is not properly registered with government authorities. Interviews with the governor can be seen in Arab-West Report,
793:
The subsequent attack left one Muslim killed, four
Christians wounded, and three monks being briefly kidnapped, requiring hospital treatment upon their return. The three kidnapped monks were tortured by the
1026:
Dr. Otto Meinardus mentions him in "Two thousand years of Coptic Christianity," American University in Cairo Press, 1999, p. 215 but does not explain who he is. He was probably a local Egyptian notable.
520:
After the Department of Antiquities decision, the Coptic Orthodox Church built new cells, a new entrance, a reception and a large cathedral just outside the boundaries of the archaeological periphery
1609:, 13 June 2008, mentioned that the Holy Synod's declaration is the first of its kind and that it was issued while the pope was on a medical trip to the United States. See also Arab-West Report,
2101:
768:
On 31 May 2008, monks and Christians close to the Monastery of Saint Fana reported that monks' cells and a church belonging to the monastery had been attacked by a group of roughly sixty armed
912:
Many foreign media have reported the attack; "Egyptian Christians, Muslims clash, killing one" (Reuters/31 May), "One killed, four injured in Egypt monastery clash," (AFP/31 May). The
755:
403:. His tomb was found during excavations of an international team representing seven European academic institutions and led by Austrian scholar Prof. Dr. Helmut Buschhausen in 1992.
856:
The attack on the monastery and the ensuing Coptic response in and outside Egypt was prominently reported in Egypt. Heated discussions following the attack were published in the
2096:
863:
Coptic monks and Copts close to the Monastery of Saint Fana placed the attack in a sectarian context which was echoed on several Coptic websites in the West. Coptic leader
821:"Urfi" contracts, are agreements between two parties that lack the proper registration with the government, contracts that are drafted without first obtaining the required
802:. In addition, the Arabs burned Bibles and church altars inside the monastery. The clashes were followed one day later by a demonstration of around 300 Coptic youth in
826:
and laymen in and close to the monastery. They responded by posting angry responses on the Internet and holding several demonstrations in North America and Europe.
1079:
H. Buschhausen, "Die Ausgrabungen in Abu Fano und die Identifizierung des Apa Bane," in Acta XIII Congressus Internationalis Archeologiae Christianae, 1998, p. 159
818:
had obtained a portion of their land by employing "urfi" contracts, resulting in the governor's rejection of the monastery's claim to possess valid land titles.
931:
2106:
1526:
1294:
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of 3 June 2008 headlined: "Copts of Mallawī demonstrated screaming the Muslims Brother's slogans". The author of the article Ayman Riyād mentioned that the
415:
785:
1490:
1485:
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quoted Egyptian officials explicitly denying that this conflict was of a sectarian or religious nature. Egyptian journalist Muhammad al-Baz reports in
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who have settled in villages bordering the desert The location they show is an outpost of the monastery with monastic cells and a chapel dedicated to
741:
651:
1269:
1738:
901:
the land but nevertheless reclaims it and after doing so for several years the land becomes legally owned by the person cultivating the land.
2091:
1530:
501:
1053:
Otto F.A. Meinardus, Christian Egypt, Ancient and Modern, American University in Cairo Press, 1977, pp. 365–366 and 'Two thousand years of
273:
508:
decided in the year 2002 to declare an area of 1 km by 2 km as the archaeological periphery of the monastery. The Department of
1359:
1215:
1191:
1127:
833:, the diocese the Monastery belongs to, and Coptic activists in the West, alleged that Muslims attempted to force the three kidnapped
89:
2065:
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61:
42:
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for not being able to control the Monastery's Arab neighbors. Pope Shenouda's statement came very close to calling the conflict "
1706:
68:
2012:
1970:
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143:
1054:
329:
203:
1634:
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713:
75:
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Rene-Georges Coquin and Maurice Martin in the Coptic Encyclopedia, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1991, Vol. 3, p.698-700
1731:
527:. Prior to 1999, no monks resided permanently in the monastery. Five monks came to the monastery in 1999, and in 2003,
488:, "no doubt" conceals the ruins of the Monastery. The neighboring mounds perhaps conceal isolated cells or hermitages.
958:
946:
514:
218:
108:
57:
1382:
Several Coptic websites make it obvious that there was contact between monks and Coptic activists in the West. The
465:, or tower, which ancient monasteries had. Approximately 80 meters from the ruined monastery one finds the cave of
1035:
Otto F.A. Meinardus, "Two thousand years of Coptic Christianity", American University in Cairo Press, 1999, p. 215
2111:
2022:
864:
528:
470:
457:
1163:, writes that the term "Arabs" is used in Egypt to refer to tribal communities in the desert, Arab-West Report,
2042:
1044:
Otto F.A. Meinardus, Christian Egypt, Ancient and Modern, American University in Cairo Press, 1977, pp. 365–366
671:
496:
The modern history of the monastery starts with a renewed interest shown by the Coptic Orthodox Church in this
46:
938:
1806:
1724:
806:
who blamed the government for "inaction in the face of repeated attacks by Muslims against their community."
1386:
1017:
Buschhausen, H. et al., Die Ausgrabungen von Abu Fanah in Oberägypten im Jahre 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993
505:
266:
222:
1771:
661:
522:
418:. Egyptian historian of the 14th–15th century al-Maqrizi wrote about the monastery's fine architecture.
1965:
1665:. The methods of buying land through urfi agreements and Wad al-Yad are explained in Arab-West Report,
1465:
1346:
906:
641:
547:
2017:
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82:
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449:
priest Father Michel Marie Jullien (1827–1911) reported that the priest of the neighboring village
1947:
636:
485:
422:
35:
1118:
This number is mentioned in the joint press release by Coptic organizations on the monastery of
853:. Christian protesters in Mallawi chanted "With our blood and soul, we will defend the Cross.".
790:. The attacks resulted in damage to this section of the monastery and its surrounding property.
1989:
1298:
989:
846:
646:
360:
798:, who also tried unsuccessfully to force them to spit on crosses and to pronounce the Islamic
2060:
1854:
1831:
1495:
search in this subject index for Developments in Muslim-Christian Relations in the Arab world
676:
580:
575:
1472:, which published the statement of a group of Coptic organizations on 6 June 2008, see also
999:
631:
621:
8:
1419:
1395:
1216:"Egypt -- the Abu Fana Monastery saga is finally resolved. But at what cost - (Coptreal)"
1199:
1058:
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781:
585:
437:'s numbers had drastically dwindled before the arrival of Islam in the seventh century.
2007:
1747:
1642:. This argument is supported by Christian activist Raed al-Sharqawi, Arab-West Report,
1498:
1494:
1493:. The allegations later proved to be false, the newspaper was suspended for some time.
1445:
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877:
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590:
916:
placed the attack in the context of other violence directed against Copts on 11 June.
1606:
1172:
913:
666:
368:
241:
1911:
1345:
published an article on 18 June 2008 (p. 6) on clashes between Coptic activists and
1088:
Arab-West Report, 2008, week 15, art. 3 Egyptian Villagers Resist Monastery's Growth
1786:
1657:
1338:
1187:
1101:, in Christianity Today, 23 July 2008, Figures according to the Deputy Head of the
896:
616:
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1402:
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Muhammad Husni Mubarak to intervene to prevent a repetition of similar assaults.
721:
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2002:
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village, neighbors of the monastery of Saint Fana, explained the importance of
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407:
351:, due to the presence of many beautifully decorated crosses inside its church.
1502:
2080:
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484:, deeply sunk into the sand in the center of a vast mound that, according to
453:
had cleared the church of debris and used the church for the Divine Liturgy.
288:
275:
1920:
822:
130:
1932:
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509:
384:
1716:
1694:
newspaper, 18 July 2008, translation is to be found on Arab-West Report
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1270:"Reports and Studies | Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights"
922:
on 7 July reported that attacks such as this one make the Christian
24:
481:
450:
380:
237:
1567:
Father Dumadios of the Monastery of Saint Fana, Arab-West Report,
949:
each sent a delegation to the region to investigate the tensions.
429:
In pre-Islamic times, the monastery reportedly numbered some 1000
1840:
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970:
As of 2013 the abbot of the monastery was Bishop Ava Demetrius.
339:, also known as Bane (c. 354–395), Coptic Christian hermit. The
1996:
1941:
1896:
1889:
1875:
1655:
Dr. Amr al-Shubaki, 'Sectarianism and counter sectarianism,'in
1152:
446:
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Oriental Orthodox congregations established in the 7th century
1622:
1462:
1097:
Muslims, Christians clash over desert, faith, and politics in
876:". The Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Church called on the
1751:
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934:(23 July) focused on the growing pressure on land and water.
927:
923:
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suspects that this land may hold buried historical remains.
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The surviving old monastic building consists of an ancient
462:
364:
1537:
demonstrators used a slogan that had been used earlier by
316:
1473:
1440:
Reported on several Coptic websites but also in several
1503:
Al-Ahram provides an overview of a Coptic demonstration
1383:
952:
1499:
search in the subcategory for Christian demonstrations
525:–(monastic buildings built from the year 2000 onwards)
379:
around 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the village of
1461:
Reported on several Coptic websites, see for example
2097:
Christian monasteries established in the 7th century
1712:
Reports about the Monastery of Saint Fana incidents
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1239:
1237:
1264:
1262:
2078:
1484:The subject index of Arab-West Report, covering
930:turn inwards, strengthening a ghetto mentality.
829:Many Copts, both those living in the diocese of
500:after the excavations of the team of Dr. Helmut
399:was most likely built around the burial site of
1707:Official Website of the Monastery of Saint Fana
1234:
788:–(extension of the monastery that was attacked)
504:in 1987–1993. Following these excavations, the
150:
1259:
2107:Buildings and structures in Minya Governorate
1732:
749:
1301:that followed the day following the clashes.
1210:
1208:
1245:"Egypt: Muslim-Christian Tensions Escalate"
849:of Christians in Egypt is a relatively new
1739:
1725:
756:
742:
469:, the location where he reportedly lived.
363:, not far from the cultivated land of the
1583:2008, week 15, art. 3 and week 16, art. 4
1205:
1126:. The same number is mentioned by Father
390:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Coptic Orthodox monastery in Middle Egypt
1830:
1746:
1822:Monastery of Saint Samuel the Confessor
1247:. Au.christiantoday.com. 9 October 2008
985:History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria
2079:
2013:Monastery of Saint Macarius the Great
1971:Monastery of Saint Paul the Anchorite
1812:Monastery of Saint Matthew the Potter
1720:
860:for many weeks following the attack.
837:to convert to Islam by declaring the
2092:Coptic Orthodox monasteries in Egypt
953:Popes from the Monastery of St. Fana
894:Amr al-Shubaki stated on 12 June in
204:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1551:press reviews of Arab-West Report,
542:Part of a series of articles on the
13:
1661:, 12 June 2008, Arab-West Report,
1638:, 16 June 2008, Arab-West Report,
1322:According to the head of the Arab
1310:The governor in Arab-West Report,
14:
2123:
1700:
1418:. Coptic Assembly. Archived from
959:Pope Theodosius III of Alexandria
947:National Council for Human Rights
491:
441:reports that during his day, the
359:The monastery is situated in the
219:Pope Theodosius III of Alexandria
1910:
1770:
1553:2008, week 15, art. 7,8,9 and 10
559:
445:held only two monks. The French
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149:
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23:
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1408:
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1304:
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1145:
1112:
1109:, Father Antonius, 27 July 2008
458:Otto Friedrich August Meinardus
367:. The monastery is located in
34:needs additional citations for
2087:Christian monasteries in Egypt
1091:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1020:
1011:
1:
1807:Monastery of Saint Epiphanius
1763:indicate defunct monasteries.
1005:
626:
2043:Monastery of Saint Catherine
1190:of 1, 2, 3 and 8 July 2008,
1061:in Cairo Press, 1999, p. 215
506:Egyptian Ministry of Culture
223:Pope Matthew I of Alexandria
215:Important associated figures
7:
1448:of 13 June 2008 (p. 1) and
1349:on the issue of Saint Fana.
1326:village, Arab-West Report,
973:
534:
406:The 12th-century historian
383:and east of the village of
371:about 300 km south of
354:
10:
2128:
1966:Monastery of Saint Anthony
1926:Monastery of Saint Parsoma
1272:. Eipr.org. Archived from
1175:land in Arab-West Report,
907:Muslim-Christian relations
772:, a name commonly used in
662:Alexandria and Tanta, 2017
2051:
2033:
2018:Monastery of Saint Pishoy
1979:
1956:
1931:
1919:
1908:
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1489:monk in the Monastery of
347:and is also known as the
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209:
197:
187:
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128:
58:"Monastery of Saint Fana"
1792:Monastery of the Martyrs
1468:18 December 2019 at the
965:
423:Patriarchs of Alexandria
414:, which was restored by
343:is sometimes called the
1948:Monastery of Saint Mina
1942:Monastery of the Enaton
1817:Monastery of Saint Fana
1508:18 October 2008 at the
1452:, 16 June 2008 (p. 27).
1347:al-Jama'ah al-Islamiyah
486:the Coptic Encyclopedia
473:does not report on the
410:mentions the church of
326:Monastery of Saint Fana
317:https://www.qasrhur.com
124:Monastery of Saint Fana
2112:Western Desert (Egypt)
2066:Monasteries by country
1557:2008, week 16, art. 11
1555:and Arab-West Report,
1372:2008, week 15, art. 4.
990:Coptic Orthodox Church
391:Foundation and history
349:Monastery of the Cross
345:Monastery of Abu Fanah
2061:Christianity in Egypt
1667:2008, week 15, art. 2
1663:2008, week 15, art. 8
1644:2008, week 15, art. 2
1640:2008, week 15, art. 8
1623:2008, week 15, art. 7
1611:2008, week 15, art. 8
1596:2008, week 15, art. 8
1569:2008, week 15, art. 4
1401:10 March 2010 at the
1328:2008, week 15, art. 5
1312:2008, week 15, art. 3
1177:2008, week 15, art. 5
1165:2008, week 15, art. 7
1140:2008, week 15, art. 4
1122:attacks, 7 June 2008
581:Human rights in Egypt
576:Christianity in Egypt
167:Monastery information
158:Location within Egypt
1678:Dr. Samir Marqus in
1521:Reported on several
1370:, Arab-West Report,
1276:on 30 September 2011
1138:, Arab-West Report,
456:When German scholar
335:. It is named after
43:improve this article
1527:The Peninsula Times
1295:The Peninsula Times
1200:Egyptian newspapers
1059:American University
1055:Coptic Christianity
919:The Washington Post
870:Egyptian government
782:Cyril of Alexandria
586:Secularism in Egypt
421:The history of the
289:28.3929°N 30.4432°E
285: /
125:
2008:Paromeos Monastery
1787:Muharraq Monastery
1621:Arab-West Report,
1594:Arab-West Report,
1222:on 26 January 2014
1167:. The head of the
937:Arab-West Report (
932:Christianity Today
878:Egyptian President
601:Terrorism in Egypt
591:Judiciary of Egypt
548:Modern persecution
416:al-Rashid Abu Fadl
123:
2074:
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1906:
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1422:on 4 October 2011
1416:"Coptic Assembly"
1173:reclaiming desert
914:Los Angeles Times
766:
765:
632:Nag Hammadi, 2010
609:Terrorist attacks
553:Coptic Christians
477:being inhabited.
369:Minya Governorate
322:
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242:Minya Governorate
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1658:Al-Masry Al-Youm
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1486:Muslim-Christian
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1389:1 March 2011 at
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1341:, 23 June 2008.
1339:Al-Masry Al-Youm
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1198:of 2 July 2008 (
1194:of 7 June 2008,
1188:Al-Masry Al-Youm
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897:Al-Masry Al-Youm
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637:Alexandria, 2011
627:Saint Fana, 2008
622:Alexandria, 2005
563:
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294:28.3929; 30.4432
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1975:
1952:
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1802:White Monastery
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1680:al-Masry al-Yom
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1539:Muslim Brothers
1529:, 2 June 2008.
1520:
1516:
1510:Wayback Machine
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1470:Wayback Machine
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1403:Wayback Machine
1396:Coptic Assembly
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41:Please help
36:verification
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1933:Lower Egypt
1779:Upper Egypt
1748:Monasteries
1531:Nahdat Misr
1474:Coptic News
1324:Beni Khaled
1169:Beni Khaled
1155:writer and
1099:Upper Egypt
961:(1294-1300)
677:Minya, 2018
667:Minya, 2017
652:Libya, 2015
510:Antiquities
502:Buschhausen
385:Beni Khaled
292: /
267:Coordinates
180:Established
172:Other names
2081:Categories
1525:websites,
1426:19 October
1391:Archive-It
1384:Free Copts
1368:Saint Fana
1280:19 October
1251:19 October
1226:22 October
1159:living in
1157:translator
1136:Saint Fana
1124:Free Copts
1120:Saint Fana
1107:Saint Fana
1006:References
995:Al-Maqrizi
980:Saint Fana
945:) and the
851:phenomenon
812:Saint Fana
467:Saint Fana
439:Al-Maqrizi
412:Saint Fana
401:Saint Fana
377:Hermopolis
337:Saint Fana
280:30°26′36″E
277:28°23′34″N
192:Saint Fana
69:newspapers
1876:Tkahshmin
1862:Tmoushons
1841:Tabennesi
1832:Pachomian
1607:Al-Dustur
1446:al-Dustūr
1364:Monastery
1343:Al-Maydan
1196:al-Dustur
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1103:Monastery
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99:July 2014
2056:Category
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1444:such as
1399:Archived
1387:Archived
1360:Dumadios
1192:al-Usbua
1128:Dumadios
974:See also
778:Bedouins
568:Overview
535:Tensions
482:basilica
451:Qasr Hur
381:Qasr Hur
355:Location
238:Qasr Hur
234:Location
1761:Italics
1692:Al-Wafd
1635:El Fagr
1497:, then
1450:al-Fajr
1362:of the
1358:Father
1130:of the
939:English
887:El Fagr
839:Shahada
831:Mallawi
804:Mallawi
800:Shahada
685:Figures
515:see map
313:Website
248:Country
199:Diocese
83:scholar
1997:Kellia
1990:Nitria
1897:Phnoum
1890:Tsmine
1535:Coptic
1523:Coptic
1153:Syrian
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447:Jesuit
433:. The
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210:People
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1752:Egypt
1161:Egypt
966:Abbot
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774:Egypt
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431:monks
373:Cairo
328:is a
260:Egypt
90:JSTOR
76:books
1883:Tbew
1848:Pbow
1428:2011
1282:2011
1253:2011
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776:for
463:qasr
395:The
365:Nile
324:The
229:Site
62:news
1869:Tse
1750:in
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45:by
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