625:, was described as a quality source for mathematicians desiring to understand the nature of programming in a 1974 review. The cover flap, of the 1973 edition, stated the book "... is tailored to the needs of people who view a course on systematic construction of algorithms as part of their basic mathematical training, rather than to the immediate needs of those who wish to be able to occasionally encode a problem and hand it over to their computer for instant solution." Described in the review as a challenging text to work through, it was nevertheless recommended as useful reading for those interested in numerical mathematics.
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This class also inspired
Niklaus to develop a simple yet powerful hardware description language called Lola. Niklaus has always built the systems he is either researching or teaching himself since he knows that this is the only way to keep an engineer honest and
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article "Program
Development by Stepwise Refinement", concerning the teaching of programming, is considered to be a classic text in software engineering. The paper is considered to be the earliest work to formally outline the
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I am indebted to Prof. N. Wirth for conceiving and coordinating the Lilith project, for giving me the opportunity to design and implement the operating system Medos-2, and for supervising this thesis.
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were published in 1986 and 2004. The examples in the first edition were written in Pascal. These were replaced in the later editions with examples written in Modula-2 and Oberon, respectively.
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591:. In his 1995 paper "A Plea for Lean Software" he attributed the following to Martin Reiser phrasing it as, "Software is getting slower more rapidly than hardware becomes faster."
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First chapter (Documentation) is a joint work, which according to Jensen has been edited by Wirth. Second chapter is by Wirth (also published separately).
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The major change which pervades the entire text concerns the programming language used to express the algorithms. Pascal has been replaced by
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published the full documentation of the Oberon operating system. A second book, with Martin Reiser, was intended as a programming guide.
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2417:. The book about the Oberon language and Operating System is now available as a PDF file. The PDF file has an additional appendix
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532:(2007). He was also a major part of the design and implementation team for the operating systems Medos-2 (1983, for the
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and was described as "seminal" in the ACM's brief biography of Wirth published in connection to his Turing Award.
492:"for seminal work in programming languages and algorithms, including Euler, Algol-W, Pascal, Modula, and Oberon."
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Wirth, Niklaus (2001). "Program
Development by Stepwise Refinement". In Broy, Manfred; Denert, Ernst (eds.).
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Wirth, Program development by stepwise refinement, Communications of the ACM,. 14:221–227, ACM Press, 1971
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1843:. University of California, Berkeley. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences.
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Software
Development, Design and Coding: With Patterns, Debugging, Unit Testing, and Refactoring
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for the development of these languages. In 1994, he was inducted as a Fellow of the ACM.
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1674:
Abrahams, Paul (July 1974). "Systematic
Programming: An Introduction by Niklaus Wirth".
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Abrahams, Paul; Wirth, Niklaus (July 1974). "Systematic
Programming: An Introduction".
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Franz, Michael (2000). "Oberon: The
Overlooked Jewel". In Böszörményi, László (ed.).
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364:, and pioneered several classic topics in software engineering. In 1984, he won the
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Eberle, Hans (2000). "Designing a
Cluster Network". In Böszörményi, László (ed.).
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649:, which gained wide recognition. Major revisions of this book with the new title
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https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Kathleen-Jensen-2058521472
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Medos-2: a Modula-2 oriented operating system for the personal computer Lilith
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636:, served as the basis of many language implementation efforts in the 1970s (
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1935:
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1995:
395:(ETH Zürich) in 1959. In 1960, he earned a Master of Science (M.Sc.) from
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Pomberger, Gustav; Mössenböck, Hanspeter; Rechenberg, Peter (2000).
79:
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Euro-Asian
Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification
3447:
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external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
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372:, "for developing a sequence of innovative computer languages".
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2415:
Project Oberon – The Design of an
Operating System and Compiler
2140:"RIP: Software design pioneer and Pascal creator Niklaus Wirth"
521:
400:
276:
151:
2036:
Project Oberon: The Design of an Operating System and Compiler
1730:"Kathleen Jensen's Speech at the Wirth Symposium (20.02.2014)"
5895:
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4509:
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3458:
3434:
3398:
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3296:
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2487:
1837:
Joy, William N.; Graham, Susan L.; Haley, Charles B. (1979).
1541:. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. p. 143.
918:
513:
443:
in California (1976–1977 and 1984–1985). He retired in 1999.
1367:
Wirth, Niklaus (February 1995). "A Plea for Lean Software".
6106:
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3372:
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Pascal), and 1980s in the United States and across Europe.
508:
Wirth was the chief designer of the programming languages
423:
From 1963 to 1967, Wirth served as assistant professor of
4413:
1562:"Niklaus Wirth: 1984 ACM A. M. Turing Award Recipient".
1415:
Pioneers and Their Contributions to Software Engineering
982:
6241:
1994 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
4882:
Active Object System (AOS, 2002), Bluebottle (2005), A2
2547:
Active Object System (AOS, 2002), Bluebottle (2005), A2
2357:
paper by Niklaus Wirth – also includes short biography.
1840:
Berkeley Pascal User's Manual, Version 1.1, April, 1979
947:
4215:
2095:
Programming in Oberon: Steps Beyond Pascal and Modula
608:
for designing programs. The article was discussed by
368:, generally recognized as the highest distinction in
6311:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
809:
Gosch, John (25 October 1979). Weber, Samuel (ed.).
4154:^ = full name and link in prior ALGOL version above
3552:
International Federation for Information Processing
452:
International Federation for Information Processing
450:in programming and informatics, as a member of the
2367:The School of Niklaus Wirth: The Art of Simplicity
1535:Brooks, Frederick P. (Frederick Phillips) (1975).
1251:The School of Niklaus Wirth: The Art of Simplicity
1179:The School of Niklaus Wirth: The Art of Simplicity
925:The School of Niklaus Wirth: The Art of Simplicity
439:at ETH Zürich, taking two one-year sabbaticals at
2260:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
1182:. Gulf Professional Publishing. pp. 42, 45.
387:He earned a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree in
6207:
5084:
1763:The programming language Pascal (Revised Report)
352:(15 February 1934 – 1 January 2024) was a Swiss
1054:"Programming Languages: Survivors and Wannabes"
921:"Niklaus Wirth - a Pioneer of Computer Science"
891:Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology
860:"Niklaus E. Wirth - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"
852:
6266:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
3391:(ESPOL) → New Executive Programming Language (
2029:
2018:© N. Wirth 1985 (Oberon version: August 2004).
1836:
668:Wirth died on New Year's Day 2024, at age 89.
5661:
5070:
4573:
4201:
3220:
2760:
2445:
1613:
1254:. Gulf Professional Publishing. p. 154.
862:. Association for Computing Machinery. 2019.
393:Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich
3561:Society of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics
2177:"Program Development by Stepwise Refinement"
1715:Pascal User Manual and Report Second Edition
587:In 1995, he popularized the adage now named
458:on Algorithmic Languages and Calculi, which
446:Although Wirth was involved with developing
3389:Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language
2419:Ten Years After: From Objects to Components
2091:
1205:"The wild world of non-C operating systems"
927:. Gulf Professional Publishing. p. 6.
405:electrical engineering and computer science
375:
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4580:
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3227:
3213:
2774:
2767:
2753:
2452:
2438:
2336:
1989:
1987:
1950:
1948:
1722:
1100:ETH Zurich, Department of Computer Science
31:
6301:UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
2296:Learn how and when to remove this message
2202:
914:
912:
910:
884:
435:. Then in 1968, he became a professor of
5859:Software development process/methodology
5675:
2222:"On the Design of Programming Languages"
1865:
1830:
1673:
1487:. Khanna Publishing House. p. 192.
744:"IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award Recipients"
524:(1975), Modula-2 (1978), Oberon (1987),
499:
495:
411:, supervised by computer design pioneer
403:. Then in 1963, he was awarded a PhD in
4831:
4773:Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
2704:Programming Languages Achievement Award
2591:Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs
2092:Reiser, Martin; Wirth, Niklaus (1992).
1984:
1945:
1651:Systematic Programming: An Introduction
1591:Systematic Programming: An Introduction
1287:. Association for Computing Machinery.
1127:
1051:
646:Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs
623:Systematic Programming: An Introduction
207:Programming Languages Achievement Award
6208:
2137:
1902:
1805:https://dl.acm.org/profile/81334487416
1534:
1507:
1453:
1291:from the original on 19 September 2017
1247:
1202:
907:
5649:
5058:
4561:
4189:
3624:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
3234:
3208:
2748:
2433:
2219:
2174:
1954:
1765:(Report). ETH Zurich. pp. 49 p.
1760:
1649:Wirth, Niklaus (1973). "Cover flap".
1648:
1588:
1412:
1366:
1278:
1230:
1175:
1090:
1052:Petzold, Charles (9 September 1996).
1003:from the original on 2 September 2018
952:; Guttmann, Walter (17 August 2016).
808:
488:In 2004, he was made a Fellow of the
6180:
5874:Software verification and validation
5777:Component-based software engineering
2240:
1508:Dooley, John F. (25 November 2017).
1109:from the original on 21 January 2021
893:. Infobase Publishing. p. 514.
704:List of pioneers in computer science
384:, Switzerland, on 15 February 1934.
16:Swiss computer scientist (1934–2024)
3535:Association for Computing Machinery
3457:Small Machine ALGOL Like Language (
2875:Quantum computing and communication
2574:Wirth–Weber precedence relationship
2152:from the original on 7 January 2024
2085:
1940:Association for Computing Machinery
1884:from the original on 5 January 2024
1847:from the original on 8 January 2024
1742:from the original on 6 January 2024
1321:from the original on 3 January 2024
1154:from the original on 4 January 2024
954:"Profile of IFIP Working Group 2.1"
699:Wirth–Weber precedence relationship
560:Association for Computing Machinery
13:
4743:Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica
4587:
2168:
2023:
2008:from the original on 17 April 2021
1917:from the original on 22 March 2020
1093:The Programming Language Oberon-07
409:University of California, Berkeley
126:University of California, Berkeley
14:
6322:
5854:Software configuration management
5721:Search-based software engineering
5706:Experimental software engineering
2459:
2236:
1993:
1817:https://dblp.org/pid/06/5848.html
1589:Wirth, Niklaus (8 January 1973).
1072:from the original on 9 March 2018
964:from the original on 8 March 2021
866:from the original on 29 June 2017
630:The Pascal User Manual and Report
6261:Programming language researchers
6190:
6189:
6179:
5037:
5036:
5025:
5024:
4168:
4167:
4158:
4157:
2727:
2726:
2245:
1996:"Algorithms and Data Structures"
1961:Algorithms & Data Structures
1905:"Pascal for systems programmers"
1480:
1417:. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
1033:from the original on 3 July 2019
837:from the original on 20 May 2024
790:from the original on 3 July 2019
651:Algorithms & Data Structures
339:
4968:Johannes Kepler University Linz
4498:Comparison of Pascal and Delphi
2138:Proven, Liam (4 January 2024).
2131:
2063:Online version of a 2nd edition
1929:
1896:
1859:
1785:
1754:
1706:
1667:
1642:
1607:
1582:
1555:
1528:
1501:
1474:
1447:
1406:
1397:
1360:
1333:
1303:
1272:
1241:
1224:
1196:
1169:
1134:(Doctoral Thesis). ETH Zurich.
1121:
1084:
1045:
716:
594:
380:Niklaus Emil Wirth was born in
6256:Programming language designers
5701:Empirical software engineering
4132:ALGOL 58 influence on ALGOL 60
2409:Algorithms and Data Structures
2374:, Gustav Pomberger (editors).
2361:A Few Words with Niklaus Wirth
1903:Hartel, Pieter H. (May 1982).
1866:Blotnick, Srully (July 1983).
1460:. Silicon Press. p. 209.
1203:Proven, Liam (29 March 2022).
1015:
976:
941:
878:
822:. Paul W. Reiss. p. 157.
811:"Wirth works to better Pascal"
802:
772:
736:
576:
555:design and simulation system.
462:, maintains, and supports the
1:
6251:Pascal (programming language)
4769:elego Software Solutions GmbH
4748:Digital Equipment Corporation
2893:Free and open-source software
2175:Wirth, Niklaus (April 1971).
2101:. Addison-Wesley, ACM Press.
2042:. Addison-Wesley, ACM Press.
1957:"Preface to the 1986 edition"
1684:American Mathematical Society
1091:Wirth, Niklaus (3 May 2016).
1027:Computer History Museum (CHM)
729:
6306:Members of Academia Europaea
6296:Scientists at PARC (company)
6231:Academic staff of ETH Zurich
5726:Site reliability engineering
3604:Case Institute of Technology
1963:. Prentice-Hall. p. 9.
1341:"Outstanding Research Award"
1128:Knudsen, Svend Erik (1983).
1023:"Niklaus Wirth: 2004 Fellow"
847:includes two girls and a boy
558:In 1984, Wirth received the
7:
6236:Swiss electronics engineers
5731:Social software engineering
4217:Pascal programming language
4137:ALGOL 68 to other languages
1457:Ada: Concurrent Programming
993:"ScopeEtc: IFIP21: Foswiki"
780:"Niklaus Wirth 2004 Fellow"
671:
643:In 1975, he wrote the book
573:Outstanding Research Award
193:IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award
10:
6327:
6291:Computer science educators
5869:Software quality assurance
4927:BlackBox Component Builder
4493:Comparison of Pascal and C
2930:Virtualization development
2380:Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
2350:Turing Award Lecture, 1984
2033:; Gutknecht, Jürg (1992).
1676:Mathematics of Computation
1616:Mathematics of Computation
580:
547:workstation), and for the
6271:Swiss computer scientists
6175:
6134:
6099:
6038:
5952:
5945:
5904:
5764:
5683:
5095:
5020:
4981:
4955:
4948:
4910:
4891:
4866:
4840:
4824:
4785:
4725:
4718:
4693:
4668:
4625:
4606:
4599:
4488:
4470:
4412:
4357:
4286:
4277:
4224:
4149:
4125:
3953:
3926:
3759:
3750:
3718:
3670:
3661:
3654:
3641:Royal Radar Establishment
3633:
3596:
3570:
3517:
3510:
3501:
3474:
3282:
3252:
3243:
2971:
2943:
2883:
2840:
2782:
2722:
2689:
2658:
2623:
2604:
2582:
2554:
2535:
2474:
2467:
2370:, by László Böszörményi,
2355:Pascal and its Successors
2182:Communications of the ACM
1564:Communications of the ACM
1423:10.1007/978-3-642-48354-7
885:Henderson, Harry (2009).
684:Extended Backus–Naur form
601:Communications of the ACM
569:In 1999, he received the
418:
338:
333:
329:
315:
293:
283:A Generalization of Algol
275:
244:
234:
227:
185:
177:
135:
101:
87:
68:
42:
30:
23:
6025:Model-driven engineering
5824:Functional specification
5807:Software incompatibility
5716:Requirements engineering
4462:Visual Component Library
3614:University of St Andrews
1771:10.3929/ethz-a-000814158
1140:10.3929/ethz-a-000300091
709:
663:
612:in his influential book
376:Early life and education
6281:Université Laval alumni
5819:Enterprise architecture
5004:de:Hanspeter Mössenböck
4752:Systems Research Center
4738:Modula Computer Systems
3913:Adriaan van Wijngaarden
3609:University of Edinburgh
3489:Van Wijngaarden grammar
2855:Artificial intelligence
2709:Computer History Museum
2676:de:Hanspeter Mössenböck
1955:Wirth, Niklaus (1986).
1761:Wirth, Niklaus (1973).
1576:10.1145/1283920.1283941
1454:Gehani, Narain (1991).
1231:Wirth, Niklaus (1995).
784:Computer History Museum
632:, jointly written with
520:(1966), Pascal (1970),
490:Computer History Museum
448:international standards
212:Computer History Museum
6286:People from Winterthur
6276:Turing Award laureates
6030:Round-trip engineering
5787:Backward compatibility
5782:Software compatibility
5109:Maurice Vincent Wilkes
4973:Oberon microsystems AG
4442:Object Windows Library
3556:IFIP Working Group 2.1
2984:John Vincent Atanasoff
2776:Timelines of computing
2229:Proc. IFIP Congress 74
1822:6 January 2024 at the
1810:6 January 2024 at the
1798:6 January 2024 at the
1538:The Mythical Man-Month
1514:. Apress. p. 54.
1279:Haigh, Thomas (1984).
1234:Digital Circuit Design
615:The Mythical Man-Month
505:
389:electronic engineering
356:. He designed several
6246:Formal methods people
5849:Software architecture
5802:Forward compatibility
4766:Research Center (ORC)
3995:Cornelis H. A. Koster
3767:Roland Carl Backhouse
3710:Joseph Henry Wegstein
3619:Manchester University
3578:Burroughs Corporation
3119:Klára Dán von Neumann
2925:Programming languages
2569:Wirth syntax notation
2403:Compiler Construction
2254:This February 2024's
2195:10.1145/362575.362577
1311:"ACM Fellows by year"
689:Wirth syntax notation
503:
496:Programming languages
464:programming languages
358:programming languages
6147:Computer engineering
5844:Software archaeology
5834:Programming paradigm
5746:Software maintenance
5691:Computer programming
5677:Software engineering
2898:Hypertext technology
2714:Marcel Benoist Prize
2637:University of Zurich
2335:Bibliography Server
2266:improve this article
2068:5 April 2014 at the
1570:(2). February 1985.
1484:Software Engineering
983:Swierstra, Doaitse;
433:University of Zürich
262:University of Zurich
218:Marcel Benoist Prize
6167:Systems engineering
6152:Information science
5932:Service orientation
5884:Structured analysis
5792:Compatibility layer
5736:Software deployment
5537:Michael Stonebraker
5309:Fernando J. Corbató
4029:Willem van der Poel
3685:Hermann Bottenbruch
2631:Stanford University
2425:Project Oberon 2013
2278:footnote references
2079:8 July 2021 at the
1936:Citations collected
1868:"Don't Fail Me Now"
1481:Gill, Nasib Singh.
1148:20.500.11850/137906
760:on 24 November 2010
656:In 1992, Wirth and
621:The 1973 textbook,
429:Stanford University
257:Stanford University
111:, ETH Zurich (1959)
6157:Project management
5922:Object orientation
5889:Essential analysis
5797:Compatibility mode
5493:Charles P. Thacker
5337:Richard E. Stearns
5213:Kenneth E. Iverson
5149:Edsger W. Dijkstra
5133:James H. Wilkinson
5086:A. M. Turing Award
4480:Pascal MicroEngine
4174:Category: ALGOL 60
4005:Charles H. Lindsey
3785:Edsger W. Dijkstra
3680:Friedrich L. Bauer
3368:Dartmouth ALGOL 30
3024:Edsger W. Dijkstra
2979:Kathleen Antonelli
2963:Web search engines
2953:Internet conflicts
2832:Women in computing
2651:(1976–77, 1984–85)
2220:Wirth, N. (1974).
2204:20.500.11850/80846
2074:2005 edition, PDF.
1779:20.500.11850/68910
1285:A. M. Turing Award
1281:"Niklaus E. Wirth"
1058:The New York Times
678:21655 Niklauswirth
506:
354:computer scientist
350:Niklaus Emil Wirth
47:Niklaus Emil Wirth
6226:ETH Zurich alumni
6203:
6202:
6130:
6129:
6071:Information model
5975:Incremental model
5829:Modeling language
5643:
5642:
5501:Leslie G. Valiant
5373:Douglas Engelbart
5345:Edward Feigenbaum
5052:
5051:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5011:
4906:
4905:
4868:Operating systems
4820:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4670:Operating systems
4555:
4554:
4408:
4407:
4259:Concurrent Pascal
4183:
4182:
4112:
4111:
4074:
4073:
4010:Barry J. Mailloux
3949:
3948:
3885:Jacob T. Schwartz
3780:Stephen R. Bourne
3746:
3745:
3700:Heinz Rutishauser
3650:
3649:
3497:
3496:
3202:
3201:
3144:Bjarne Stroustrup
3049:Margaret Hamilton
3029:J. Presper Eckert
2903:Operating systems
2742:
2741:
2600:
2599:
2537:Operating systems
2306:
2305:
2298:
2108:978-0-201-56543-0
2059:on 12 April 2013.
2049:978-0-201-54428-2
1970:978-0-13-022005-9
1653:. Prentice-Hall.
1593:. Prentice-Hall.
1548:978-0-201-00650-6
1521:978-1-4842-3153-1
1494:978-81-906116-3-3
1467:978-0-929306-08-7
1432:978-3-642-48355-4
1261:978-3-932588-85-3
1189:978-3-932588-85-3
989:Meertens, Lambert
950:Meertens, Lambert
934:978-3-932588-85-3
900:978-1-4381-1003-5
456:Working Group 2.1
431:and again at the
347:
346:
316:Doctoral students
308:Edward Feigenbaum
229:Scientific career
6318:
6193:
6192:
6183:
6182:
6142:Computer science
5950:
5949:
5864:Software quality
5756:Systems analysis
5751:Software testing
5670:
5663:
5656:
5647:
5646:
5636:
5628:
5620:
5612:
5600:
5588:
5572:
5565:John L. Hennessy
5560:
5552:
5549:Whitfield Diffie
5540:
5532:
5524:
5517:Shafi Goldwasser
5512:
5504:
5496:
5488:
5480:
5473:E. Allen Emerson
5469:Edmund M. Clarke
5464:
5456:
5448:
5436:
5428:
5412:
5400:
5392:
5384:
5376:
5368:
5360:
5352:
5340:
5328:
5320:
5312:
5304:
5296:
5288:
5280:
5268:
5260:
5252:
5240:
5232:
5224:
5216:
5208:
5200:
5192:
5185:Michael O. Rabin
5180:
5177:Herbert A. Simon
5168:
5160:
5152:
5144:
5136:
5128:
5120:
5112:
5104:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5056:
5055:
5043:Category: Oberon
5040:
5039:
5031:Category: Modula
5028:
5027:
4953:
4952:
4933:Component Pascal
4838:
4837:
4829:
4828:
4723:
4722:
4604:
4603:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4559:
4558:
4546:Component Pascal
4506:
4385:Microsoft Pascal
4344:Pic Micro Pascal
4284:
4283:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4187:
4186:
4171:
4170:
4161:
4160:
4104:John C. Reynolds
4049:van Wijngaarden^
4018:Lambert Meertens
3900:Bernard Vauquois
3757:
3756:
3738:Robert M. Graham
3668:
3667:
3659:
3658:
3583:Elliott Brothers
3515:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3250:
3249:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3206:
3205:
3129:Guido van Rossum
3114:John von Neumann
3059:David A. Huffman
2870:Machine learning
2842:Computer science
2769:
2762:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2730:
2729:
2472:
2471:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2431:
2430:
2344:Niklaus E. Wirth
2340:
2315:
2314:
2312:Official website
2301:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2281:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2232:
2226:
2216:
2206:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2118:on 16 April 2016
2117:
2111:. Archived from
2100:
2089:
2083:
2060:
2058:
2052:. Archived from
2041:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2007:
2000:
1994:Wirth, Niklaus.
1991:
1982:
1981:
1952:
1943:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1916:
1909:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
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1872:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1834:
1828:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1383:10.1109/2.348001
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
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1270:
1269:
1245:
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1228:
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1219:
1217:
1200:
1194:
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1173:
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1166:
1161:
1159:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1108:
1097:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
991:(2 March 2011).
980:
974:
973:
971:
969:
948:Jeuring, Johan;
945:
939:
938:
916:
905:
904:
887:"Wirth, Niklaus"
882:
876:
875:
873:
871:
856:
850:
849:
844:
842:
836:
815:
806:
800:
799:
797:
795:
776:
770:
769:
767:
765:
759:
753:. Archived from
748:
740:
723:
720:
553:digital hardware
425:computer science
407:(EECS) from the
397:Université Laval
370:computer science
343:
311:
310:
304:
295:Doctoral advisor
289:
239:Computer science
119:Université Laval
97:
96:
75:
57:15 February 1934
56:
54:
35:
21:
20:
6326:
6325:
6321:
6320:
6319:
6317:
6316:
6315:
6206:
6205:
6204:
6199:
6171:
6162:Risk management
6126:
6095:
6034:
6015:Waterfall model
5985:Prototype model
5980:Iterative model
5941:
5917:Aspect-oriented
5900:
5879:Software system
5760:
5741:Software design
5679:
5674:
5644:
5639:
5631:
5625:Robert Metcalfe
5623:
5615:
5603:
5591:
5581:Geoffrey Hinton
5575:
5569:David Patterson
5563:
5557:Tim Berners-Lee
5555:
5543:
5535:
5527:
5515:
5507:
5499:
5491:
5483:
5467:
5459:
5451:
5439:
5431:
5425:Leonard Adleman
5415:
5409:Kristen Nygaard
5403:
5395:
5387:
5379:
5371:
5363:
5355:
5343:
5333:Juris Hartmanis
5331:
5323:
5315:
5307:
5299:
5293:Ivan Sutherland
5291:
5283:
5271:
5263:
5255:
5243:
5235:
5227:
5219:
5211:
5205:Robert W. Floyd
5203:
5195:
5183:
5171:
5163:
5157:Charles Bachman
5155:
5147:
5139:
5131:
5123:
5117:Richard Hamming
5115:
5107:
5099:
5091:
5083:
5053:
5048:
5008:
4977:
4944:
4902:
4887:
4862:
4812:
4781:
4760:Research Center
4714:
4689:
4680:(1983, Knudsen)
4664:
4621:
4595:
4586:
4556:
4551:
4504:
4484:
4466:
4404:
4353:
4273:
4220:
4214:
4184:
4179:
4164:Category: ALGOL
4156:
4145:
4142:ALGOL 68 to C++
4121:
4108:
4070:
4061:Philip Woodward
4045:Michel Sintzoff
4037:Douglas T. Ross
3945:
3941:Kristen Nygaard
3922:
3866:John E. L. Peck
3795:Robert W. Floyd
3742:
3714:
3646:
3629:
3592:
3566:
3520:
3493:
3484:Jensen's device
3470:
3357:Burroughs ALGOL
3278:
3255:
3245:Implementations
3239:
3233:
3203:
3198:
3179:Stephen Wolfram
3149:Ruth Teitelbaum
3104:Douglas McIlroy
3079:Semyon Korsakov
3069:Brian Kernighan
3044:Betty Holberton
3034:Adele Goldstine
2989:Charles Babbage
2967:
2939:
2879:
2860:Binary prefixes
2836:
2778:
2773:
2743:
2738:
2718:
2685:
2654:
2619:
2596:
2578:
2550:
2531:
2477:
2463:
2458:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2263:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2224:
2171:
2169:Further reading
2166:
2165:
2155:
2153:
2136:
2132:
2128:. Out of print.
2121:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2098:
2090:
2086:
2081:Wayback Machine
2070:Wayback Machine
2056:
2050:
2039:
2028:
2024:
2011:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1992:
1985:
1971:
1953:
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1907:
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1897:
1887:
1885:
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1870:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1835:
1831:
1824:Wayback Machine
1812:Wayback Machine
1800:Wayback Machine
1790:
1786:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1692:10.2307/2005728
1672:
1668:
1661:
1647:
1643:
1628:10.2307/2005728
1612:
1608:
1601:
1587:
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1561:
1560:
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1529:
1522:
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1468:
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1411:
1407:
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1398:
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1201:
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1174:
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1155:
1126:
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1112:
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1095:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1006:
1004:
985:Gibbons, Jeremy
981:
977:
967:
965:
946:
942:
935:
917:
908:
901:
883:
879:
869:
867:
858:
857:
853:
840:
838:
834:
813:
807:
803:
793:
791:
778:
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773:
763:
761:
757:
746:
742:
741:
737:
732:
727:
726:
721:
717:
712:
674:
666:
634:Kathleen Jensen
606:top-down method
599:The April 1971
597:
585:
579:
543:(1987, for the
498:
421:
378:
306:
300:
299:
287:
271:
223:
131:
92:
91:
83:
77:
73:
64:
58:
52:
50:
49:
48:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6324:
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6288:
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6248:
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6218:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6187:
6176:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6138:
6136:
6135:Related fields
6132:
6131:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6103:
6101:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6066:Function model
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6042:
6040:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5970:Executable UML
5967:
5962:
5956:
5954:
5947:
5943:
5942:
5940:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5898:
5893:
5892:
5891:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5779:
5774:
5768:
5766:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5711:Formal methods
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5680:
5673:
5672:
5665:
5658:
5650:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5637:
5629:
5621:
5613:
5609:Jeffrey Ullman
5601:
5589:
5573:
5561:
5553:
5545:Martin Hellman
5541:
5533:
5529:Leslie Lamport
5525:
5513:
5505:
5497:
5489:
5485:Barbara Liskov
5481:
5477:Joseph Sifakis
5465:
5457:
5449:
5437:
5429:
5413:
5405:Ole-Johan Dahl
5401:
5393:
5385:
5377:
5369:
5361:
5353:
5341:
5329:
5325:Butler Lampson
5321:
5313:
5305:
5297:
5289:
5281:
5269:
5261:
5253:
5249:Dennis Ritchie
5241:
5233:
5225:
5217:
5209:
5201:
5193:
5181:
5169:
5161:
5153:
5145:
5137:
5129:
5121:
5113:
5105:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5082:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5059:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5034:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4994:Jürg Gutknecht
4991:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4959:
4957:
4950:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4936:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4914:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4897:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4879:
4872:
4870:
4864:
4863:
4841:
4835:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4770:
4767:
4761:
4755:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4727:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4711:(1988, Soviet)
4706:
4699:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4686:(1988, Soviet)
4681:
4674:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4656:
4650:
4644:
4638:
4631:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4612:
4610:
4601:
4597:
4596:
4585:
4584:
4577:
4570:
4562:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4543:
4537:
4531:
4525:
4519:
4513:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4476:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4365:Virtual Pascal
4361:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4290:
4288:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4230:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4213:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4190:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4117:ALGOL Bulletin
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4055:
4050:
4047:
4042:
4039:
4034:
4031:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4015:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3976:
3971:
3968:
3963:
3959:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3936:Ole-Johan Dahl
3932:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3871:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3851:Carroll Morgan
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3802:
3800:Jeremy Gibbons
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3769:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3733:Bernard Galler
3730:
3724:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3705:Klaus Samelson
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3665:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3588:Regnecentralen
3585:
3580:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3558:
3549:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3525:
3523:
3512:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3462:
3455:
3450:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3365:
3359:
3354:
3347:Atlas Autocode
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3260:
3258:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3232:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3209:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3159:Linus Torvalds
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3139:Frances Spence
3136:
3134:Claude Shannon
3131:
3126:
3124:Dennis Ritchie
3121:
3116:
3111:
3109:Marlyn Meltzer
3106:
3101:
3099:Joseph Kruskal
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2972:Notable people
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2772:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2707:Fellow of the
2705:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2666:Jürg Gutknecht
2662:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2482:
2480:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2372:Jürg Gutknecht
2363:
2358:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2326:
2317:
2304:
2303:
2258:external links
2253:
2251:
2244:
2238:
2237:External links
2235:
2234:
2233:
2217:
2189:(4): 221–227.
2170:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2130:
2107:
2084:
2061:Out of print.
2048:
2031:Wirth, Niklaus
2022:
2001:. ETH Zürich.
1983:
1969:
1944:
1928:
1895:
1858:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1814:
1784:
1753:
1721:
1705:
1666:
1659:
1641:
1606:
1599:
1581:
1554:
1547:
1527:
1520:
1500:
1493:
1473:
1466:
1446:
1431:
1405:
1396:
1359:
1332:
1302:
1271:
1260:
1240:
1223:
1195:
1188:
1168:
1120:
1083:
1044:
1014:
975:
940:
933:
906:
899:
877:
851:
801:
771:
734:
733:
731:
728:
725:
724:
714:
713:
711:
708:
707:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
673:
670:
665:
662:
658:Jürg Gutknecht
596:
593:
581:Main article:
578:
575:
497:
494:
420:
417:
377:
374:
345:
344:
336:
335:
331:
330:
327:
326:
320:Martin Odersky
317:
313:
312:
297:
291:
290:
279:
273:
272:
270:
269:
264:
259:
254:
248:
246:
242:
241:
236:
232:
231:
225:
224:
222:
221:
215:
210:Fellow of the
208:
202:
196:
189:
187:
183:
182:
179:
175:
174:
137:
136:Known for
133:
132:
130:
129:
122:
112:
105:
103:
99:
98:
89:
85:
84:
78:
76:(aged 89)
72:1 January 2024
70:
66:
65:
59:
46:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6323:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6196:
6188:
6186:
6178:
6177:
6174:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6133:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6098:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6086:Systems model
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6037:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5953:Developmental
5951:
5948:
5944:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5903:
5897:
5894:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5814:Data modeling
5812:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5763:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5682:
5678:
5671:
5666:
5664:
5659:
5657:
5652:
5651:
5648:
5634:
5633:Avi Wigderson
5630:
5626:
5622:
5618:
5617:Jack Dongarra
5614:
5610:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5577:Yoshua Bengio
5574:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5521:Silvio Micali
5518:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5490:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5462:
5461:Frances Allen
5458:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5301:William Kahan
5298:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5277:Robert Tarjan
5274:
5273:John Hopcroft
5270:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5257:Niklaus Wirth
5254:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5229:Edgar F. Codd
5226:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5141:John McCarthy
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5125:Marvin Minsky
5122:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5097:
5094:
5090:
5087:
5080:
5075:
5073:
5068:
5066:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5045:
5044:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4989:Niklaus Wirth
4987:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:Organizations
4954:
4951:
4947:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4920:Object Oberon
4918:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4900:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4883:
4880:
4877:
4876:Oberon System
4874:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4860:
4856:
4855:Active Oberon
4852:
4848:
4844:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4823:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4803:Luca Cardelli
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4793:Niklaus Wirth
4791:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4778:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:Organizations
4724:
4721:
4717:
4710:
4707:
4705:(1980, Wirth)
4704:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4692:
4685:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4647:Baby Modula-3
4645:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4583:
4578:
4576:
4571:
4569:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4547:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4503:
4502:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4487:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4472:Microcomputer
4469:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
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3861:Maurice Nivat
3859:
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3846:John McCarthy
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3382:
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3189:Steve Wozniak
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3184:Niklaus Wirth
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2659:Collaborators
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2543:Oberon System
2540:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2524:Active Oberon
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2508:Object Pascal
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2473:
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2466:
2462:
2461:Niklaus Wirth
2455:
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2396:1-55860-723-4
2393:
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2388:3-932588-85-1
2385:
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2376:dpunkt.verlag
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2329:Niklaus Wirth
2327:
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2318:
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2300:
2297:
2289:
2286:February 2024
2279:
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2274:inappropriate
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1660:0-13-880369-2
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1600:0-13-880369-2
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1124:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
979:
963:
959:
955:
951:
944:
936:
930:
926:
922:
915:
913:
911:
902:
896:
892:
888:
881:
865:
861:
855:
848:
833:
829:
825:
821:
820:
812:
805:
789:
785:
781:
775:
756:
752:
745:
739:
735:
719:
715:
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619:
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561:
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531:
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511:
504:Wirth in 1969
502:
493:
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486:
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480:
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468:
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453:
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444:
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328:
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324:Michael Franz
321:
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285:
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280:
278:
274:
268:
265:
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213:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
173:
172:Oberon System
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
138:
134:
127:
123:
120:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
104:
100:
95:
90:
86:
82:, Switzerland
81:
71:
67:
63:, Switzerland
62:
45:
41:
37:Wirth in 2005
34:
29:
25:Niklaus Wirth
22:
19:
6081:Object model
6076:Metamodeling
6005:Spiral model
5905:Orientations
5597:Pat Hanrahan
5317:Robin Milner
5265:Richard Karp
5256:
5245:Ken Thompson
5237:Stephen Cook
5173:Allen Newell
5165:Donald Knuth
5041:
5029:
4988:
4832:
4798:Martín Abadi
4792:
4695:Workstations
4607:
4457:Turbo Vision
4380:Turbo Pascal
4370:Apple Pascal
4358:Discontinued
4172:
4162:
4153:
4094:Ron Morrison
4089:Tony Brooker
4066:Nobuo Yoneda
4052:
4000:Peter Landin
3982:Gerhard Goos
3974:Robert Dewar
3918:Mike Woodger
3895:David Turner
3890:Micha Sharir
3878:Rutishauser^
3831:Peter Landin
3804:Julien Green
3775:Richard Bird
3690:Charles Katz
3521:associations
3519:Professional
3183:
3154:Ken Thompson
3094:Donald Knuth
3089:Ada Lovelace
3054:Grace Hopper
3019:Stephen Cook
3004:George Boole
2958:Web browsers
2865:Cryptography
2731:
2697:Turing Award
2681:Larry Tesler
2606:Workstations
2589:
2460:
2418:
2365:
2316:, ETH Zürich
2292:
2283:
2268:by removing
2255:
2228:
2186:
2180:
2154:. Retrieved
2145:The Register
2143:
2133:
2120:. Retrieved
2113:the original
2094:
2087:
2054:the original
2035:
2025:
2017:
2010:. Retrieved
1976:
1974:
1960:
1931:
1919:. Retrieved
1910:. ECODU-32.
1898:
1886:. Retrieved
1874:
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1839:
1832:
1787:
1756:
1744:. Retrieved
1733:
1724:
1714:
1708:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1650:
1644:
1622:(127): 881.
1619:
1615:
1609:
1590:
1584:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1537:
1530:
1510:
1503:
1483:
1476:
1456:
1449:
1414:
1408:
1399:
1377:(2): 64–68.
1374:
1368:
1362:
1350:. Retrieved
1344:
1335:
1323:. Retrieved
1314:
1305:
1293:. Retrieved
1284:
1274:
1265:
1250:
1243:
1233:
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1210:The Register
1208:
1198:
1178:
1171:
1163:
1156:. Retrieved
1130:
1123:
1111:. Retrieved
1099:
1086:
1074:. Retrieved
1057:
1047:
1035:. Retrieved
1026:
1017:
1005:. Retrieved
996:
978:
966:. Retrieved
957:
943:
924:
890:
880:
868:. Retrieved
854:
846:
839:. Retrieved
817:
804:
792:. Retrieved
783:
774:
762:. Retrieved
755:the original
738:
718:
667:
655:
650:
644:
642:
629:
627:
622:
620:
613:
598:
595:Publications
586:
568:
564:Turing Award
557:
528:(1991), and
507:
487:
445:
422:
413:Harry Huskey
386:
379:
366:Turing Award
360:, including
349:
348:
302:Harry Huskey
281:
245:Institutions
228:
199:Turing Award
74:(2024-01-01)
18:
6221:2024 deaths
6216:1934 births
5772:Abstraction
5509:Judea Pearl
5389:Fred Brooks
5365:Amir Pnueli
5357:Manuel Blum
5197:John Backus
5101:Alan Perlis
4893:Workstation
4808:Greg Nelson
4777:Novosibirsk
4390:UCSD Pascal
4319:Free Pascal
4269:SuperPascal
4084:John Barnes
4079:Hal Abelson
3987:Michael Guy
3836:Tom Maibaum
3823:Jørn Jensen
3813:Eric Hehner
3808:David Gries
3728:Bruce Arden
3695:Alan Perlis
3675:John Backus
3238:programming
3194:Konrad Zuse
3164:Alan Turing
2999:Jean Bartik
2994:John Backus
2792:Before 1950
2564:Wirth's law
2476:Programming
1875:Pascal News
1686:: 881–883.
1237:. Springer.
819:Electronics
816:. Profile.
610:Fred Brooks
589:Wirth's law
583:Wirth's law
577:Wirth's law
571:ACM SIGSOFT
537:workstation
437:informatics
94:Switzerland
88:Citizenship
6210:Categories
6091:View model
6056:Data model
5605:Alfred Aho
5593:Ed Catmull
5585:Yann LeCun
5453:Peter Naur
5421:Adi Shamir
5417:Ron Rivest
5397:Andrew Yao
5285:John Cocke
5221:Tony Hoare
5189:Dana Scott
4999:Tony Hoare
4963:ETH Zurich
4949:Developers
4925:Oberon/F,
4733:ETH Zurich
4719:Developers
4505:Related to
4432:FireMonkey
4400:Pascal/MT+
4395:JRT Pascal
4334:GNU Pascal
4309:VSI Pascal
4126:Comparison
3905:Eiiti Wada
3856:Peter Naur
3818:Tony Hoare
3634:Government
3476:Formalisms
3317:ALGOL 68RS
3312:ALGOL 68-R
3174:Larry Wall
3169:Paul Vixie
3039:Lois Haibt
3014:John Cocke
2908:DOS family
2850:Algorithms
2827:Scientific
2671:Tony Hoare
2649:Xerox PARC
2643:ETH Zurich
2624:Workplaces
2556:Formalisms
2324:ETH Zürich
2231:: 386–393.
1877:(26): 26.
1295:15 October
1113:17 January
1102:(Report).
1037:15 October
794:1 December
730:References
441:Xerox PARC
382:Winterthur
267:Xerox PARC
252:ETH Zurich
61:Winterthur
53:1934-02-15
6100:Languages
5441:Vint Cerf
5349:Raj Reddy
5089:laureates
4912:By others
4859:Oberon-07
4857:(1998) →
4853:(1995) →
4849:(1991) →
4845:(1987) →
4684:Excelsior
4635:Modula-2+
4627:By others
4616:(1975) →
4314:IP Pascal
4279:Compilers
4041:Samelson^
4014:McCarthy^
3978:Dijkstra^
3909:Wegstein^
3881:Samelson^
3597:Education
3541:BSI Group
3503:Community
3414:Kidsgrove
3327:ALGOL 68S
3307:ALGOL 68C
3292:ABC ALGOL
3256:standards
3254:Technical
3009:Vint Cerf
2797:1950–1979
2784:Computing
2645:(1968–99)
2639:(1963–67)
2633:(1963–67)
2614:(1977) →
2545:(1987) →
2528:Oberon-07
2526:(1998) →
2522:(1995) →
2518:(1991) →
2514:(1987) →
2510:(1986) →
2506:(1978) →
2502:(1975) →
2498:(1970) →
2494:(1966) →
2490:(1966) →
2486:(1965) →
2478:languages
2413:The book
2407:The book
2401:The book
2320:Biography
2270:excessive
2156:6 January
2012:4 January
1921:3 January
1888:3 January
1851:8 January
1746:6 January
1325:3 January
1267:credible.
1158:4 January
1066:0362-4331
1007:4 October
968:4 October
870:8 January
841:14 August
828:0013-5070
694:Bucky bit
628:In 1974,
530:Oberon-07
460:specified
391:from the
334:Signature
168:Oberon-07
102:Education
6195:Category
6061:ER model
5927:Ontology
5839:Software
5765:Concepts
5445:Bob Kahn
5433:Alan Kay
5381:Jim Gray
4847:Oberon-2
4833:By Wirth
4764:Olivetti
4641:Modula-3
4618:Modula-2
4608:By Wirth
4540:Oberon-2
4534:Modula-3
4516:Modula-2
4447:OpenWire
4226:Dialects
4057:Woodger^
4033:Randell^
3955:ALGOL 68
3752:ALGOL 60
3663:ALGOL 58
3571:Business
3448:Napier88
3444:PS-algol
3284:Dialects
3274:ALGOL 68
3269:ALGOL 60
3264:ALGOL 58
3064:Bob Kahn
2945:Internet
2885:Software
2733:Category
2516:Oberon-2
2504:Modula-2
2468:Software
2382:, 2000.
2213:13214445
2150:Archived
2077:Archived
2066:Archived
2003:Archived
1977:Modula-2
1912:Archived
1879:Archived
1845:Archived
1820:Archived
1808:Archived
1796:Archived
1740:Archived
1441:11348419
1391:44803077
1370:Computer
1319:Archived
1289:Archived
1152:Archived
1104:Archived
1070:Archived
1031:Archived
1001:Archived
962:Archived
864:Archived
832:Archived
788:Archived
764:20 March
680:asteroid
672:See also
526:Oberon-2
516:(1966),
512:(1965),
479:Modula-2
471:ALGOL 68
467:ALGOL 60
178:Children
164:Oberon-2
156:Modula-2
6185:Commons
6010:V-model
5611:(2020)
4678:Medos-2
4339:Turbo51
4323:Lazarus
4304:Oxygene
4298:history
4287:Current
4254:Clascal
4249:Oxygene
3970:Bourne^
3870:Perlis^
3763:Backus^
3554:(IFIP)
3440:S-algol
3342:ALGOL X
3337:ALGOL W
3332:ALGOL N
2935:Malware
2913:Windows
2702:SIGPLAN
2492:ALGOL W
2264:Please
2256:use of
1938:by the
1735:YouTube
1700:2005728
1682:(127).
1636:2005728
1352:1 April
1346:SIGSOFT
1315:acm.org
1216:4 April
1076:8 March
997:Foswiki
958:Foswiki
551:(1995)
539:), and
518:ALGOL W
454:(IFIP)
205:SIGPLAN
140:ALGOL W
5946:Models
5696:DevOps
5684:Fields
5635:(2023)
5627:(2022)
5619:(2021)
5599:(2019)
5587:(2018)
5571:(2017)
5559:(2016)
5551:(2015)
5539:(2014)
5531:(2013)
5523:(2012)
5511:(2011)
5503:(2010)
5495:(2009)
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5447:(2004)
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5391:(1999)
5383:(1998)
5375:(1997)
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5127:(1969)
5119:(1968)
5111:(1967)
5103:(1966)
4982:People
4941:(2013)
4939:Zonnon
4935:(1997)
4929:(1993)
4922:(1989)
4901:(1985)
4884:(2008)
4878:(1987)
4861:(2007)
4843:Oberon
4825:Oberon
4786:People
4750:(DEC)
4709:Kronos
4703:Lilith
4661:(1997)
4659:Alma-0
4655:(1993)
4649:(1993)
4643:(1988)
4637:(1984)
4620:(1978)
4614:Modula
4600:Modula
4593:Oberon
4589:Modula
4548:(1991)
4542:(1991)
4536:(1988)
4530:(1986)
4528:Oberon
4524:(1983)
4518:(1977)
4512:(1958)
4294:Delphi
4234:Pascal
4219:family
3991:Hoare^
3962:Bauer^
3928:Simula
3771:Bauer^
3655:People
3563:(GAMM)
3548:(EASC)
3453:Simula
3430:NELIAC
3409:JOVIAL
2690:Awards
2618:(1985)
2612:Lilith
2549:(2008)
2530:(2007)
2512:Oberon
2500:Modula
2496:Pascal
2394:
2386:
2346:at ACM
2211:
2122:1 June
2105:
2046:
1967:
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562:(ACM)
541:Oberon
534:Lilith
522:Modula
483:Oberon
475:Pascal
419:Career
401:Quebec
362:Pascal
288:(1963)
286:
277:Thesis
235:Fields
220:(1989)
214:(2004)
201:(1984)
195:(1983)
186:Awards
160:Oberon
152:Modula
148:Pascal
128:(1963)
121:(1960)
80:Zürich
6122:SysML
6046:SPICE
6039:Other
6000:Scrum
5960:Agile
5912:Agile
5896:CI/CD
4899:Ceres
4758:Acorn
4754:(SRC)
4653:Obliq
4510:ALGOL
4264:Joyce
4025:Peck^
4022:Naur^
3827:Katz^
3643:(RRE)
3626:(MIT)
3537:(ACM)
3531:Group
3529:ALCOR
3467:ALGOL
3459:SMALL
3435:RTL/2
3416:Algol
3399:FLACC
3375:ALGOL
3362:CORAL
3297:ALCOR
3236:ALGOL
2918:Linux
2822:2020s
2817:2010s
2812:2000s
2807:1990s
2802:1980s
2616:Ceres
2583:Books
2488:PL360
2484:Euler
2225:(PDF)
2209:S2CID
2116:(PDF)
2099:(PDF)
2057:(PDF)
2040:(PDF)
2006:(PDF)
1999:(PDF)
1942:(ACM)
1915:(PDF)
1908:(PDF)
1882:(PDF)
1871:(PDF)
1696:JSTOR
1632:JSTOR
1437:S2CID
1387:S2CID
1107:(PDF)
1096:(PDF)
835:(PDF)
814:(PDF)
758:(PDF)
747:(PDF)
710:Notes
664:Death
545:Ceres
514:PL360
510:Euler
144:Euler
124:PhD,
6107:IDEF
6051:CMMI
5937:SDLC
4851:Lola
3465:SMIL
3425:Mary
3393:NEWP
3379:DG/L
3373:DASK
3321:ELLA
3302:ALGO
2520:Lola
2392:ISBN
2384:ISBN
2333:DBLP
2158:2024
2124:2017
2103:ISBN
2044:ISBN
2014:2024
1965:ISBN
1923:2024
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1327:2024
1297:2019
1256:ISBN
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1184:ISBN
1160:2024
1115:2021
1078:2018
1062:ISSN
1039:2019
1009:2020
970:2020
929:ISBN
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843:2024
824:ISSN
796:2017
766:2021
751:IEEE
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481:and
469:and
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6117:USL
6112:UML
5990:RAD
5965:EUP
4522:Ada
4452:RTL
4437:LCL
4427:FCL
4422:CLX
4414:API
4349:ACK
3720:MAD
3420:MAD
3404:IMP
2331:at
2322:at
2272:or
2199:hdl
2191:doi
1775:hdl
1767:doi
1688:doi
1624:doi
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1379:doi
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1136:doi
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