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per prize (c. 2.6 million SEK altogether, US$ 350,000 today). In 2009, the monetary award was 10 million SEK (US$ 1.4 million). In June 2012, it was lowered to 8 million SEK. If two laureates share the prize in a category, the award grant is divided equally between the recipients. If there are three, the awarding committee has the option of dividing the grant equally, or awarding one-half to one recipient and one-quarter to each of the others. It is common for recipients to donate prize money to benefit scientific, cultural, or humanitarian causes.
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1363:. The medals for physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, and literature have identical obverses, showing the image of Alfred Nobel and the years of his birth and death. Nobel's portrait also appears on the obverse of the Peace Prize medal and the medal for the Economics Prize, but with a slightly different design. For instance, the laureate's name is engraved on the rim of the Economics medal. The image on the reverse of a medal varies according to the institution awarding the prize. The reverse sides of the medals for chemistry and physics share the same design.
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Prize laureates, and current or former members of the
Norwegian Nobel Committee. The deadline for the return of the nomination forms is 31 January of the year of the award. The Nobel Committee nominates about 300 potential laureates from these forms and additional names. The nominees are not publicly named, nor are they told that they are being considered for the prize. All nomination records for a prize are sealed for 50 years from the awarding of the prize.
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2220:. However, when the award was announced, both sides were still engaging in hostilities. Critics sympathetic to the North announced that Kissinger was not a peace-maker but the opposite, responsible for widening the war. Those hostile to the North and what they considered its deceptive practices during negotiations were deprived of a chance to criticise Lê Đức Thọ, as he declined the award. The satirist and musician
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2253:, but the actual evaluation occurred over the next eight months. Obama himself stated that he did not feel deserving of the award, or worthy of the company in which it would place him. Past Peace Prize laureates were divided, some saying that Obama deserved the award, and others saying he had not secured the achievements to yet merit such an accolade. Obama's award, along with the previous Peace Prizes for
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665:. However, since 1995, all the members of the board have been chosen by the trustees, and the executive director and the deputy director appointed by the board itself. As well as the board, the Nobel Foundation is made up of the prize-awarding institutions (the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute, the Swedish Academy, and the
769:. The Academy of Sciences selected Röntgen for the prize. In the last decades of the 19th century, many chemists had made significant contributions. Thus, with the Chemistry Prize, the academy "was chiefly faced with merely deciding the order in which these scientists should be awarded the prize". The academy received 20 nominations, eleven of them for
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2700:'invention' within the field of physics". Nobel did not emphasise discoveries, but they have historically been held in higher respect by the Nobel Prize Committee than inventions: 77% of the Physics Prizes have been given to discoveries, compared with only 23% to inventions. Christoph Bartneck and Matthias Rauterberg, in papers published in
2511:, the 2009 Permanent Secretary of the Swedish Academy, as a problem with the award and was attributed to the tendency for the academy to relate more to European authors. This tendency towards European authors still leaves many European writers on a list of notable writers that have been overlooked for the Literature Prize, including
2653:, who had also published papers in 1964 concerning the subject. All five physicists arrived at the same conclusion, albeit from different angles. Hagen contends that an equitable solution is to either abandon the three limit restriction, or expand the time period of recognition for a given achievement to two years.
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up to the award ceremony and banquet, which begins with the laureates arriving in
Stockholm and normally ends with the Nobel banquet), but this is not mandatory. The laureate is only obliged to give the lecture within six months of receiving the prize, but some have happened even later. For example, US President
368:, amounting to ~$ 1,035,000. A prize may not be shared among more than three individuals, although the Nobel Peace Prize can be awarded to organisations of more than three people. Nobel Prizes are not awarded posthumously, but if a person is awarded a prize and dies before receiving it, the prize is presented.
2295:. Ahnlund resigned, alleging that the selection of Jelinek had caused "irreparable damage to all progressive forces, it has also confused the general view of literature as an art". He alleged that Jelinek's works were "a mass of text shovelled together without artistic structure". The 2009 Literature Prize to
855:) from accepting their prizes. They were all later able to receive the diploma and medal. Even though Sweden was officially neutral during the Second World War, the prizes were awarded irregularly. In 1939, the Peace Prize was not awarded. No prize was awarded in any category from 1940 to 1942, due to the
1069:, had died three days earlier. The committee was debating about Steinman's prize, since the rule is that the prize is not awarded posthumously. The committee later decided that as the decision to award Steinman the prize "was made in good faith", it would remain unchanged, and the prize would be awarded.
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The laureates are given a sum of money when they receive their prizes, in the form of a document confirming the amount awarded. The amount of prize money depends upon how much money the Nobel
Foundation can award each year. The purse has increased since the 1980s, when the prize money was 880,000 SEK
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Nobel wrote several wills during his lifetime. He composed the last over a year before he died, signing it at the
Swedish–Norwegian Club in Paris on 27 November 1895. To widespread astonishment, Nobel's last will specified that his fortune be used to create a series of prizes for those who confer the
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in the relevant fields was greater), a greater delay in awarding Nobel Prizes for women's achievements making longevity a more important factor for women (one cannot be nominated for the Nobel Prize posthumously), and a tendency to omit women from jointly awarded Nobel Prizes. Despite these factors,
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plated with 24 carat gold. The weight of each medal varies with the value of gold, but averages about 175 grams (0.386 lb) for each medal. The diameter is 66 millimetres (2.6 in) and the thickness varies between 5.2 millimetres (0.20 in) and 2.4 millimetres (0.094 in). Because of
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fields, only a small proportion have been awarded to women. Out of 210 laureates in
Physics, 181 in Chemistry and 216 in Medicine between 1901 and 2018, there were only three female laureates in physics, five in chemistry and 12 in medicine. Factors proposed to contribute to the discrepancy between
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Nobel laureates receive a diploma directly from the hands of the King of Sweden, or in the case of the peace prize, the chairman of the
Norwegian Nobel Committee. Each diploma is uniquely designed by the prize-awarding institutions for the laureates that receive them. The diploma contains a picture
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According to the statutes of the Nobel
Foundation, each laureate is required to give a public lecture on a subject related to the topic of their prize. The Nobel lecture as a rhetorical genre took decades to reach its current format. These lectures normally occur during Nobel Week (the week leading
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According to his will and testament read in
Stockholm on 30 December 1896, a foundation established by Alfred Nobel would reward those who serve humanity. The Nobel Prize was funded by Alfred Nobel's personal fortune. According to the official sources, Alfred Nobel bequeathed most of his fortune to
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Except for the Peace Prize, the Nobel Prizes are presented in
Stockholm, Sweden, at the annual Prize Award Ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death. The recipients' lectures are normally held in the days prior to the award ceremony. The Peace Prize and its recipients' lectures are
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The interval between the award and the accomplishment it recognises varies from discipline to discipline. The
Literature Prize is typically awarded to recognise a cumulative lifetime body of work rather than a single achievement. The Peace Prize can also be awarded for a lifetime body of work. For
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for his purported discovery of a parasite that caused cancer. To avoid repeating this embarrassment, the awards increasingly recognised scientific discoveries that had withstood the test of time. According to Ralf Pettersson, former chairman of the Nobel Prize Committee for Physiology or Medicine,
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declined his prize for literature due to fear of what the Soviet Union government might do if he travelled to Stockholm to accept his prize. In return, the Swedish Academy refused his refusal, saying "this refusal, of course, in no way alters the validity of the award." The academy announced with
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Nomination forms are sent by the Nobel Committee to about 3,000 individuals, usually in September the year before the prizes are awarded. These individuals are generally prominent academics working in a relevant area. Regarding the Peace Prize, inquiries are also sent to governments, former Peace
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received the Peace Prize in 1994 for their efforts in making peace between Israel and Palestine. Immediately after the award was announced, one of the five Norwegian Nobel Committee members denounced Arafat as a terrorist and resigned. Additional misgivings about Arafat were widely expressed in
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The institutions meet to choose the laureate or laureates in each field by a majority vote. Their decision, which cannot be appealed, is announced immediately after the vote. A maximum of three laureates and two different works may be selected per award. Except for the Peace Prize, which can be
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Alfred Nobel left his fortune to finance annual prizes to be awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind". He stated that the Nobel Prizes in Physics should be given "to the person who shall have made the most important 'discovery' or
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was Swedish property. Thus it was a safe haven from the German military, which was not at war with Sweden. These members kept the work of the committee going, but did not award any prizes. In 1944, the Nobel Foundation, together with the three members in exile, made sure that nominations were
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that became the decisive factor that enabled the Nobel Prizes to be established". Another important task of the Nobel Foundation is to market the prizes internationally and to oversee informal administration related to the prizes. The foundation is not involved in the process of selecting the
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in Sweden (since 1946) and from investment taxes in the United States (since 1953). Since the 1980s, the foundation's investments have become more profitable and as of 31 December 2007, the assets controlled by the Nobel Foundation amounted to 3.628 billion Swedish
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Although posthumous nominations are not presently permitted, individuals who died in the months between their nomination and the decision of the prize committee were originally eligible to receive the prize. This has occurred twice: the 1931 Literature Prize awarded to
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shared the 1983 Physics Prize for his 1930s work on stellar structure and evolution. Not all scientists live long enough for their work to be recognised. Some discoveries can never be considered for a prize if their impact is realised after the discoverers have died.
708:, with 50 million kronor as the prize money. Further costs to pay institutions and persons engaged in giving the prizes were 27.4 million kronor. The events during the Nobel week in Stockholm and Oslo cost 20.2 million kronor. The administration, Nobel
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The Nobel Committee then prepares a report reflecting the advice of experts in the relevant fields. This, along with the list of preliminary candidates, is submitted to the prize-awarding institutions. There are four awarding institutions for the six prizes awarded:
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The strict rule against awarding a prize to more than three people is also controversial. When a prize is awarded to recognise an achievement by a team of more than three collaborators, one or more will miss out. For example, in 2002, the prize was awarded to
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The Nobel Prizes, beginning in 1901, and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, beginning in 1969, have been awarded 609 times to 975 people and 25 organisations. Five individuals and two organisations have received more than one Nobel Prize.
4425:"The Nobel Prizes in the new century: An interview with Ralf Pettersson, Director of the Stockholm Branch of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, the Karolinska Institute, and former chairman of the Nobel Prize Committee for Physiology/Medicine"
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Nobel's will provided for prizes to be awarded in recognition of discoveries made "during the preceding year". Early on, the awards usually recognised recent discoveries. However, some of those early discoveries were later discredited. For example,
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has suggested that many notable writers have missed out on the award for political or extra-literary reasons. The heavy focus on European and Swedish authors has been a subject of criticism. The Eurocentric nature of the award was acknowledged by
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1356:(the Swedish Mint), Sweden's oldest company, which ceased operations in 2011 after 107 years. In 2011, the Mint of Norway, located in Kongsberg, made the medals. The Nobel Prize medals are registered trademarks of the Nobel Foundation.
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Marie Curie is to date the only person awarded Nobel Prizes in two different sciences (Physics in 1903, Chemistry in 1911); she is one of only three people who have received two Nobel Prizes in sciences (see Multiple laureates below).
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presented at the annual Prize Award Ceremony in Oslo, Norway, usually on 10 December. The award ceremonies and the associated banquets are typically major international events. The Prizes awarded in Sweden's ceremonies are held at the
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was informed by the Norwegian Permanent Representative to the UN that he would be awarded that year's prize and asked whether or not he would accept. He consulted staff and later replied that he would. At the same time, Chairman
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describes the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel as a "false Nobel prize" that dishonours his relative Alfred Nobel, after whom the prize is named, and considers economics to be a pseudoscience.
2499:, ending the war in the Congo, and his ongoing work to mediate an end to the Vietnam War. The disagreement lasted three years and in 1966 and 1967 no prize was given, with Gunnar Jahn effectively vetoing an award to U Thant.
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The greatest omission in our 106-year history is undoubtedly that Mahatma Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace Prize. Gandhi could do without the Nobel Peace Prize. Whether the Nobel committee can do without Gandhi, is the
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491:. Nobel bequeathed 94% of his total assets, 31 million SEK (c. US$ 186 million, €150 million in 2008), to establish the five Nobel Prizes. Owing to skepticism surrounding the will, it was not approved by the
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The Nobel Foundation announced on 30 May 2012 that it had awarded the contract for the production of the five (Swedish) Nobel Prize medals to Svenska Medalj AB. Between 1902 and 2010, the Nobel Prize medals were minted by
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During the occupation of Norway, three members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee fled into exile. The remaining members escaped persecution from the Germans when the Nobel Foundation stated that the committee building in
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Gingras, Yves; Wallace, Matthew L. (2010). "Why it has become more difficult to predict Nobel Prize winners: a bibliometric analysis of nominees and winners of the chemistry and physics prizes (1901–2007)".
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and text in Swedish which states the name of the laureate and normally a citation of why they received the prize. None of the Nobel Peace Prize laureates has ever had a citation on their diplomas.
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906:"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes". The board of the Nobel Foundation decided that after this addition, it would allow no further new prizes.
701:). The distribution can vary by 10 percent. At the beginning of 2008, 64% of the funds were invested mainly in American and European stocks, 20% in bonds, plus 12% in real estate and hedge funds.
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Similarly, the prohibition of posthumous awards fails to recognise achievements by an individual or collaborator who dies before the prize is awarded. The Economics Prize was not awarded to
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received a total of 155 nominations in physiology or medicine from 1930 to 1953, the last year with public nomination data for that award as of 2016. He died in 1963 without being awarded.
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which was faster and easier to carry out. Due in part to the publicity surrounding the original procedure, Freeman's procedure was prescribed without due consideration or regard for modern
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was awarded the Literature Prize, but refused, stating, "A writer must refuse to allow himself to be transformed into an institution, even if it takes place in the most honourable form."
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Nobel stipulated in his will that most of his estate, more than SEK 31 million (today approximately SEK 1,794 million) should be converted into a fund and invested in "safe securities".
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Although no family matches the Curie family's record, there have been several with two laureates. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to the husband-and-wife team of
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include biased nominations, fewer women than men being active in the relevant fields, Nobel Prizes typically being awarded decades after the research was done (reflecting a time when
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2371:, leucotomy or "lobotomy" became so popular that about 5,000 lobotomies were performed in the United States in the three years immediately following Moniz's receipt of the Prize.
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who had died; the obituary was eight years premature. The article disconcerted Nobel and made him apprehensive about how he would be remembered. This inspired him to change his
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was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2010 while he and his wife were under house arrest in China as political prisoners, and he was unable to accept the prize in his lifetime.
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522:, the members of which were appointed shortly after the will was approved in April 1897. Soon thereafter, the other prize-awarding organisations were designated. These were
2668:, another pioneer in the development of valuation of stock options. In the announcement of the award that year, the Nobel committee prominently mentioned Black's key role.
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received the Peace Prize in 1906 but gave his lecture in 1910, after his term in office. The lectures are organised by the same association which selected the laureates.
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celebrated its 300th anniversary by donating a large sum of money to the Nobel Foundation to be used to set up a prize in honour of Alfred Nobel. The following year, the
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the high value of their gold content and tendency to be on public display, Nobel medals are subject to medal theft. During World War II, the medals of German scientists
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regret that the presentation of the Literature Prize could not take place that year, holding it back until 1989 when Pasternak's son accepted the prize on his behalf.
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Among other criticisms, the Nobel Committees have been accused of having a political agenda, and of omitting more deserving candidates. They have also been accused of
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of complex substances. Pauling was also awarded the Peace Prize in 1962 for his activism against nuclear weapons, making him the only laureate of two unshared prizes.
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awarded to institutions, the awards can only be given to individuals. The winners are announced by the awarding institutions during the first two weeks of October.
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According to one of the nominees for the prize in physics, the three person limit deprived him and two other members of his team of the honor in 2013: the team of
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was awarded for the first time. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences became responsible for selecting laureates. The first laureates for the Economics Prize were
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was founded as a private organisation on 29 June 1900. Its function is to manage the finances and administration of the Nobel Prizes. In accordance with Nobel's
294:) are five separate prizes awarded to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind, as established by the 1895 will of
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2305:, many US literary critics and professors were ignorant of her work. This made those critics feel the prizes were too Eurocentric. The 2019 Literature Prize to
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Being a symbol of scientific or literary achievement that is recognisable worldwide, the Nobel Prize is often depicted in fiction. This includes films such as
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Awards for physics, chemistry, and medicine are typically awarded once the achievement has been widely accepted. Sometimes, this takes decades – for example,
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for the first Nobel Prize in Literature. A group including 42 Swedish writers, artists, and literary critics protested against this decision, having expected
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on 11 June. The Nobel Foundation reached an agreement on guidelines for how the prizes should be awarded; and, in 1900, the Nobel Foundation's newly created
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2710:, have argued this emphasis on discoveries has moved the Nobel Prize away from its original intention of rewarding the greatest contribution to society.
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came to power. The Meitner and Strassmann roles in the research was not fully recognised until years later, when they joined Hahn in receiving the 1966
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The highlight of the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony in Stockholm occurs when each Nobel laureate steps forward to receive the prize from the hands of the
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There have been a total of 57 women Nobel laureates compared to 873 men. Most female laureates received them in the peace and literature categories.
2212:. This led to the resignation of two Norwegian Nobel Committee members. Kissinger and Thọ were awarded the prize for negotiating a ceasefire between
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began collecting nominations for the inaugural prizes. Subsequently, they sent a list of preliminary candidates to the prize-awarding institutions.
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792:, have criticised this prize because they consider Prudhomme a mediocre poet. Feldman's explanation is that most of the academy members preferred
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in 2008. On the globe, there are 802 Nobel laureates' reliefs made of a composite alloy obtained when disposing of military strategic missiles.
455:. Historians have been unable to verify this story and some dismiss the story as a myth. On 10 December 1896, Alfred Nobel died in his villa in
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1087:"the criterion 'the previous year' is interpreted by the Nobel Assembly as the year when the full impact of the discovery has become evident."
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was awarded for his work to resolve international conflicts. However, they can also be awarded for specific recent events. For instance,
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of the Nobel Peace prize committee, lobbied heavily against giving U Thant the prize and the prize was at the last minute awarded to
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five times, in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1947, and a few days before he was assassinated on 30 January 1948, he was never awarded the prize.
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According to the statutes, the foundation consists of a board of five Swedish or Norwegian citizens, with its seat in Stockholm. The
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was awarded the 2001 Chemistry Prize for his research into chirally catalysed oxidation reactions, and the 2022 Chemistry Prize for
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was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991, but her children accepted the prize because she had been placed under house arrest in
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was awarded the Peace Prize, the chairman of the committee said that it was "in part a tribute to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi".
2423:, the Norwegian Nobel Committee decided to make no award that year on the grounds that "there was no suitable living candidate".
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Military cemeteries in every corner of the world are silent testimony to the failure of national leaders to sanctify human life.
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over cordite. Nobel amassed a fortune during his lifetime, with most of his wealth coming from his 355 inventions, of which
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had the unpleasant surprise of reading his own obituary, which was titled "The Merchant of Death Is Dead", in a French newspaper.
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attempted to decline the prize money while accepting the 1925 Literature Prize; eventually it was agreed to use it to found the
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received it three times: in 1917 and 1944 for its work during the world wars; and in 1963 during the year of its centenary. The
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The award process is similar for all of the Nobel Prizes, the main difference being who can make nominations for each of them.
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and thus selected a Victorian poet. The first Physiology or Medicine Prize went to the German physiologist and microbiologist
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and to prevent legal problems for the holders. After the war, the gold was recovered from solution, and the medals re-cast.
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is the youngest person ever to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. When she received it in 2014, she was only 17 years old.
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Other high-profile individuals with widely recognised contributions to peace have been overlooked. In 2009, an article in
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published a paper in 1964 that gave answers to how the cosmos began, but did not share the 2013 Physics Prize awarded to
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received 84 in physics. These are the three most nominated scientists without awards in the data published as of 2016.
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was awarded the 2001 Peace Prize just four years after becoming the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Similarly
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were sent to Copenhagen for safekeeping. When Germany invaded Denmark, Hungarian chemist (and Nobel laureate himself)
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1804:: 1914, 1915, 1916, 1918, 1923, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1948, 1955, 1956, 1966, 1967, 1972
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425:. This invention was a precursor to many smokeless military explosives, especially the British smokeless powder
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5134:, "Nobel Rhetoric, Or Petrarch's Pendulum", in the journal Rhetoric and Philosophy 42(4), pp. 373–400, 2009,
2224:
has remarked that "political satire became obsolete when Henry Kissinger was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize."
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4366:
346:. The Nobel Prizes are widely regarded as the most prestigious awards available in their respective fields.
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magazine identified seven people who "never won the prize, but should have". The list consisted of Gandhi,
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from accepting their prizes. All of them were awarded their diplomas and gold medals after World War II.
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2683:, may have been denied a share of Hahn's 1944 Nobel Chemistry Award due to having fled Germany when the
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2275:, she was criticized for being silent on human rights violation under her rule and especially over the
2010:
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A Complex Formula: Girls and Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics in Asia
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9759:
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Brodesco, Alberto (2018). "Nobel laureates in fiction: From La fin du monde to The Big Bang Theory".
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Weintraub, Stanley (3 October 2013). "Shaw, George Bernard (1856–1950), playwright and polemicist".
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The Road to Stockholm:Nobel Prizes, Science, and Scientists: Nobel Prizes, Science, and Scientists
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4963:"2009 Nobel Prize award ceremony live online | IT | ICM Commercial & Business News"
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Despite the symbolism of intellectual achievement, some recipients have embraced unsupported and
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827:, founder of the Peace League and active with Dunant in the Alliance for Order and Civilization.
774:
638:
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6133:"Kai Siegbahn, 89; Nobel-winning physicist invented electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis"
5602:
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2495:. The rest of the committee all wanted the prize to go to U Thant, for his work in defusing the
1186:
after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo City Hall from Norwegian Nobel Committee chairman
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was the first woman to receive the Nobel Prize in 1903, and the only woman to receive it twice.
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1974:
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A Complex Formula: Girls and Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics in Asia
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342:, and first presented in 1969, is also frequently included, as it is also administered by the
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Papers. Honors and Awards, 1954h2.1", "All Documents and Media: Pictures and Illustrations",
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1978:
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1962:
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1347:. Laureates receive a heavily decorated diploma together with a gold medal and prize money.
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1061:) was announced but before it could be presented. On 3 October 2011, the laureates for the
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8:
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1970:
1938:
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1202:
1043:
859:. In the subsequent year, all prizes were awarded except those for literature and peace.
824:
557:
460:
447:, titled "The Merchant of Death Is Dead", in a French newspaper. It was Alfred's brother
430:
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7296:
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2025:
received the 1981 Physics prize, and was married to the sister of 1964 Physics laureate
1607:
1371:
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1050:
565:, which stated that 94% of his total assets should be used to establish the Nobel Prizes
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2070:
2069:, who was awarded the 1953 Physics Prize, was the great-uncle of 1999 Physics laureate
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1852:
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1300:
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after the award ceremony. Apart from the laureate, guests include the president of the
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2413:
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2181:
2143:
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2018:
1906:
has received the most prizes, with four prizes awarded to five individual laureates.
1864:
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1801:
1702:
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1611:
1574:
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1343:'s diploma is shown, which he received for the development of a method to synthesise
1331:
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90:
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7195:
U Thant in New York: A Portrait of the Third Secretary-General of the United Nations
5700:
4899:
2090:
1871:
received the prize twice in Chemistry: in 1958 for determining the structure of the
1843:, making her the only person to be awarded a Nobel Prize in two different sciences.
1827:, one of five people who have received the Nobel Prize twice (Physics and Chemistry)
69:
Contributions that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind in the areas of
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5678:
5321:"Nobel Prize medal stolen from Lawrence Hall of Science is found, student arrested"
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4128:
3163:
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797:
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343:
303:
266:
258:
223:
8258:
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1875:
molecule and in 1980 for inventing a method of determining base sequences in DNA.
940:
443:
There is a popular story about how, in 1888, Nobel was astonished to read his own
9936:
9706:
8892:
8820:
8787:
8746:
8659:
8622:
8601:
8514:
8142:
7885:
7864:
7799:
7792:
6294:"Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo Winning the Nobel Prize Together is #CoupleGoals"
5640:
5264:
4752:"Leaves from an unwritten diary: S. Chandrasekhar, Reminiscences and Reflections"
4540:
3523:
3476:
2835:
2824:
2746:
2638:
2427:
2205:
2177:
2022:
2014:
1942:
1894:
has been awarded the Peace Prize twice for assisting refugees: in 1954 and 1981.
1880:
1708:
1652:
1054:
1019:
848:
781:
747:
614:
364:, and a monetary award. As of 2023, the Nobel Prize monetary award is 11,000,000
139:
7735:"The asymmetry between discoveries and inventions in the Nobel Prize in Physics"
6902:"'A troubling choice': authors criticise Peter Handke's controversial Nobel win"
4124:
2664:
received the honor in 1997 for their landmark work on option pricing along with
2456:
2296:
1065:
were announced; however, the committee was not aware that one of the laureates,
10002:
9857:
8852:
8250:
7514:
6629:
3413:
3142:
2828:
2544:
2468:
2464:
2447:
2433:
2405:
2383:
2362:
2310:
2098:
2058:
2030:
2026:
1990:
1910:
received the prizes in Physics (in 1903) and Chemistry (in 1911). Her husband,
1730:
1367:
1218:
1175:
1090:
852:
789:
762:
686:
504:
7637:
Crawford, Elisabeth; et al. (1997). "A Nobel Tale of Postwar Injustice".
7441:
4891:
2548:
1930:
when he accepted the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965 on that organisation's behalf.
868:
submitted for the Peace Prize and that the prize could be awarded once again.
10068:
9978:
9942:
9869:
9863:
9808:
8533:"The Nobel Disease: When Intelligence Fails to Protect against Irrationality"
8478:
8470:
8323:
8036:
Love, Power, and Knowledge: Towards a Feminist Transformation of the Sciences
8006:
6730:
6105:
5572:"Nobel prize for medicine shared by scientists for work on ageing and cancer"
5268:
4448:
3169:
3069:
3055:
2943:
2923:
2718:
2661:
2657:
2623:
2603:
2576:
2568:
2528:
2516:
2508:
2460:
2235:
2227:
2213:
2135:
2086:
2066:
2062:
2050:
2042:
2002:
1954:
1848:
1844:
1690:
1536:
1492:
1461:
1312:
1259:
1249:
1112:
1108:
972:
903:
899:
705:
682:
622:
418:
365:
168:
8067:"These 5 Women Deserved, And Were Unjustly Denied, A Nobel Prize In Physics"
3207:"The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel"
2524:
2271:
was awarded Peace Prize in 1993 however in 2015 when she came into power in
1119:
received the 1994 award, about a year after they successfully concluded the
429:. As a consequence of his patent claims, Nobel was eventually involved in a
306:. Nobel's will indicated that the awards should be granted in the fields of
9764:
9005:
was created from a revision of this article dated 2 November 2016
8956:
8932:
8576:
8486:
8434:(Press release). Stockholm Business Region. 5 December 2013. Archived from
7719:
5692:
5170:
4948:
4822:"Finn Kydland and Edward Prescott's Contribution to Dynamic Macroeconomics"
4466:
3950:
3130:
2820:
2816:
2782:
2672:
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received 79 nominations in physics 1925–1943 before being awarded in 1943.
2583:
2306:
2292:
2254:
2243:
2231:
2193:
2102:
2078:
2034:
1994:
1946:
1911:
1903:
1856:
1722:
1712:
1648:
1550:
1392:
1380:
1376:
1183:
1128:
1120:
1116:
844:
840:
836:
823:
and initiating the Geneva Convention, and jointly given to French pacifist
816:
712:, and similar items had costs of 22.4 million kronor. The cost of the
646:
602:
590:
586:
582:
448:
391:
384:
299:
8303:
7763:
5683:
5666:
3187: – Observation about the adverse effects of receiving the Nobel Prize
581:, the primary task of the foundation is to manage the fortune Nobel left.
570:
the Nobel Foundation that now forms the economic base of the Nobel Prize.
5536:
5080:
5005:
2766:
2750:
2723:
2646:
2634:
2564:
2536:
2512:
2503:
2488:
2409:
2394:
2314:
2217:
2054:
2006:
1907:
1832:
1824:
1698:
1644:
1512:
1340:
785:
766:
698:
694:
690:
519:
54:
8128:
5273:
Linus Pauling and The Nature of the Chemical Bond: A Documentary History
2997:
2958:
2085:
was awarded the Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995, and her nephew
2045:, who was awarded the first Economics Prize in 1969, was the brother of
8624:
The Beginnings of the Nobel Institution – The Science Prizes, 1901–1915
5214:
3136:
2931:
2886:
2850:
2684:
2642:
2595:
2572:
2560:
2472:
2386:, although nominated five times, was never awarded a Nobel Peace Prize.
2262:
2221:
1982:
1934:
1860:
1676:
1388:
1353:
1210:
1104:
805:
594:
484:
476:
422:
380:
302:, in the year before he died. Prizes were first awarded in 1901 by the
160:
8789:
A century of Nobel Prizes recipients: chemistry, physics, and medicine
4939:
4914:
3166: – Academic conference held annually at Gustavus Adolphus College
1254:
896:
Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
9893:
7658:
6096:
6068:. London: Times Newspapers Limited. 11 September 2009. Archived from
6064:
5258:"Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Front and back images of the medal. 1954"
5075:
5000:
2874:
2680:
2552:
2349:
received the Physiology or Medicine Prize for his development of the
2249:. Nominations had closed only eleven days after Obama took office as
2093:
was awarded the Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1982, and his son
1986:
1267:
801:
709:
598:
500:
472:
395:
349:
The prize ceremonies take place annually. Each recipient, known as a
331:
7710:
7685:
2204:
Among the most criticised Nobel Peace Prizes was the one awarded to
2041:, the wife of his first cousin, who won solo for Chemistry in 1964.
2037:
shared in the Nobel for Physiology or Medicine in 1963, followed by
1886:
Two organisations have received the Peace Prize multiple times. The
1359:
Each medal features an image of Alfred Nobel in left profile on the
511:
to take care of the fortune and to organise the awarding of prizes.
8173:
7233:
3443:
2350:
2188:, two of the Norwegian Nobel Committee members resigned in protest.
1958:
1859:
received the Physics Prize twice: in 1956 for the invention of the
1820:
1287:
808:, which until then had been causing thousands of deaths each year.
662:
658:
634:
608:, it was this "decision to allow withdrawal of Alfred's money from
492:
480:
444:
437:
407:
403:
354:
350:
8526:
4872:
4602:"Former Finnish President Martti Ahtisaari Wins Nobel Peace Prize"
2792:
Two laureates have voluntarily declined the Nobel Prize. In 1964,
2379:
2053:, who was awarded the Economics Prize in 1974, was the husband of
2017:
received the Physiology or Medicine Prize in 1959; Kornberg's son
704:
In 2011, the total annual cost was approximately 120 million
8873:
6932:"Kosovo to boycott Nobel ceremony over Handke's literature prize"
6662:"President Obama humbled: I do not deserve the Nobel Peace Prize"
5295:"The Nobel Prize Medals and the Medal for the Prize in Economics"
2916:
2846:
2615:
2483:
2272:
2258:
1918:, received the Chemistry Prize in 1935 together with her husband
1872:
1344:
657:, a deputy director is appointed by the King in Council, and two
642:
605:
531:
468:
456:
433:
426:
399:
361:
7964:"The Nobel Prize committee explains why women win so few prizes"
5943:
Grinstein, Louise S.; Biermann, Carol A.; Rose, Rose K. (1997).
746:
Once the Nobel Foundation and its guidelines were in place, the
9055:
9030:
8938:
Subtle is the Lord: The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein
8661:
The Nobel prize: a history of genius, controversy, and prestige
8305:
How to win the Nobel Prize : an unexpected life in science
6875:"Outrage in Bosnia, Kosovo over Peter Handke's Nobel prize win"
6719:"From peace icon to pariah: Aung San Suu Kyi's fall from grace"
5947:
Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook
2912:
2804:, declined, stating that there was no actual peace in Vietnam.
2626:
of the Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry at the
2618:
chemistry, an award that did not recognise the achievements of
2492:
2326:
2322:
1927:
1847:
was awarded the 1954 Chemistry Prize for his research into the
1840:
496:
415:
411:
335:
295:
110:
104:
9153:
8857:
The Legacy of Alfred Nobel – The Story Behind the Nobel Prizes
6692:"Aung San Suu Kyi: Myanmar democracy icon who fell from grace"
3410:"Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th century"
2101:, who shared the Prize in Chemistry in 1951, was the uncle of
2001:, who received the Chemistry Prize in 1929, was the father of
44:
1922:. In addition, the husband of Marie Curie's second daughter,
1266:
After the award ceremony in Sweden, a banquet is held in the
773:. Van 't Hoff was awarded the prize for his contributions in
758:
740:
681:
The capital of the Nobel Foundation today is invested 50% in
670:
488:
9800:
Nobel Memorial Prize (not one of the original Nobel Prizes).
5166:"Le Clézio uses Nobel lecture to attack information poverty"
3337:"Nomination and selection of Laureates in Economic Sciences"
2279:
and calls were made to strip of her from Nobel Peace Prize.
2005:, who was awarded the Physiology or Medicine Prize in 1970.
8694:
In Search of Schrödinger's Cat: Quantum Physics and Reality
7684:
Bartneck, Christoph; Rauterberg, Matthias (9 August 2007).
7234:"The Nobel Committee has no clue about American literature"
6646:
6625:"Remarks by the President on winning the Nobel Peace Prize"
4691:
3363:"Top Award, ShanghaiRanking Academic Excellence Survey 201"
2849:; Suu Kyi delivered her speech two decades later, in 2012.
2582:
Candidates can receive multiple nominations the same year.
2009:
was awarded the Physics Prize in 1930 and was the uncle of
864:
609:
238:
229:
9043:
4688:"Here are the most controversial Nobel Prize-winners ever"
3706:
3634:"The Nobel Foundation and its Role for Modern Day Science"
2694:
1914:, shared the 1903 Physics prize with her. Their daughter,
1839:
and the Chemistry Prize in 1911 for the isolation of pure
1457:
Only person to receive more than one unshared Nobel Prize:
205:
8531:; Bowes, Shauna M.; Costello, Thomas H. (May–June 2020).
8212:
7507:"Nobel population 1901–50: anatomy of a scientific elite"
6532:
Erlanger, Steven; Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (9 October 2009).
7900:"Nobel Prizes still struggle with wide gender disparity"
7636:
5634:"Berkeley Nobel laureates donate prize money to charity"
2894:. It has also been depicted in television shows such as
2761:
2590:
received 115 nominations in physiology or medicine, and
2426:
In 1989, this omission was publicly regretted, when the
2309:
received heavy criticisms from various authors, such as
1240:
did not approve of awarding grand prizes to foreigners.
8745:
Levinovitz, Agneta Wallin (2001). Nils Ringertz (ed.).
8627:(First ed.). Maison des Sciences de l'Homme &
8147:"Abolish the Nobel in Economics, Many Scientists Agree"
6467:"When Kissinger won the Nobel peace prize, satire died"
6208:"Roger Kornberg wins the 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry"
2671:
Political subterfuge may also deny proper recognition.
2502:
The Literature Prize also has controversial omissions.
1985:
was awarded the Physics Prize in 1922, as was his son,
5936:
5313:
2800:, chosen for the 1973 Peace Prize for his role in the
2242:
Another controversial Peace Prize was that awarded to
2049:, who received the 1973 Physiology or Medicine Prize.
1780:: 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1921, 1925, 1940, 1941, 1942
1391:(nitro-hydrochloric acid), to prevent confiscation by
1205:. The Nobel Peace Prize ceremony has been held at the
617:. In many ways, the Nobel Foundation is similar to an
7089:"The Nobel Prize in Peace 1989 – Presentation Speech"
6971:"He was bad, so they put an ice pick in his brain..."
5942:
4915:"Access : A nobel prize : Nature Chemistry"
3181: – Museum about Alfred Nobel and the Nobel Prize
2436:, 2006 Secretary of Norwegian Nobel Committee, said,
2291:
drew a protest from a member of the Swedish Academy,
1127:
was caused by awarding the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize to
250:
226:
8273:"Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine"
8125:"The Local – Nobel descendant slams Economics prize"
7803:, Nobel Foundation, 2014. (accessed 29 October 2014)
7149:
Relevance of Gandhian Philosophy in the 21st century
6092:"Professor Aage Bohr: Nobel prize winning physicist"
6060:"Professor Aage Bohr: Nobel prize-winning physicist"
5459:
3174:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
3031:
2057:, Peace Prize laureate in 1982. Economics laureates
1810:
1370:
gold. Since then, they have been struck in 18 carat
753:
The Nobel Committee's Physics Prize shortlist cited
241:
235:
8330:
7039:
7037:
5467:"Prize amount and market value of invested capital"
4610:. International Broadcasting Bureau. Archived from
3552:"Did a Premature Obituary Inspire the Nobel Prize?"
3439:"Montreal-born doctor gets posthumous Nobel honour"
3370:
IREG Observatory on Academic Ranking and Excellence
3119:
List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics
1835:received the Physics Prize in 1903 for her work on
1094:
The committee room of the Norwegian Nobel Committee
993:
List of Nobel laureates § 50-year secrecy rule
232:
8715:Learning about love from the life of Mother Teresa
8424:
8201:
8199:
8033:
7742:Technoetic Arts: A Journal of Speculative Research
7733:Bartneck, Christoph; Rauterberg, Matthias (2008).
7732:
7683:
7430:"Close but no Nobel: the scientists who never won"
7297:"Judge: Nobel literature prizes 'too Eurocentric'"
7192:
7022:
6534:"Surprise Nobel for Obama Stirs Praise and Doubts"
5944:
5774:
5667:"Reflections on the prize of prizes: Alfred Nobel"
5529:"Committee lowers Nobel Prize by 2 million kronor"
4481:"Nobel Prize in Physics Honors "Masters of Light""
3911:
3890:
3888:
3145: – Annually awarded parody of the Nobel Prize
1507:Laureates who have received multiple Nobel Prizes:
1201:, with the Nobel banquet following immediately at
526:on 7 June, the Swedish Academy on 9 June, and the
3139: – Norwegian international mathematics prize
3114:List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
2216:and the United States in January 1973 during the
1977:, shared the Physics Prize in 1915 for inventing
716:prize of 16.5 Million kronor is paid by the
10066:
7889:Nobel Foundation 2018. (accessed 3 October 2018)
7034:
6531:
6379:"Literature Award Hardest for Nobel Prize Panel"
6238:"Arthur Schawlow, 77, Nobelist for Lasers, Dies"
5984:"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014"
3938:
2105:, who was awarded the Prize in Physics in 2022.
1768:: 1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940, 1941, 1942
414:iron and steel mill, which he made into a major
8579:work. Licensed under CC BY-SA IGO 3.0 (
8361:
8196:
7868:Nobel Foundation 2018 (accessed 3 October 2018)
6950:
6595:"Obama is surprise winner of Nobel Peace Prize"
5267:, "Source: Photo by Eric Arnold. Ava Helen and
5020:
4996:"Pomp aplenty as winners gather for Nobel gala"
4293:
4200:
4198:
4095:
4093:
3885:
3873:
3736:
2679:, who co-discovered nuclear fission along with
2365:. Endorsed by such influential publications as
641:, with the other four members appointed by the
398:, Sweden, into a family of engineers. He was a
9838:
8308:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
7606:"UR prof disappointed in Nobel Prize decision"
7068:
6752:"Who deserves Nobel prize? Judges don't agree"
6716:
6513:
6489:
6018:
5926:
5924:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5916:
5859:
4955:
4856:
4740:
4066:
3579:"Blame Sloppy Journalism for the Nobel Prizes"
2108:
1366:All medals made before 1980 were struck in 23
676:
9824:
9071:
7521:
7319:
7225:
6565:"How the Nobel Peace Prize winner is decided"
6501:
5776:"Marie Curie voted greatest female scientist"
4389:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4171:
4042:
3905:
3903:
3271:
3269:
2949:
1941:in 1947, and to the husband-and-wife team of
1892:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
1571:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
871:
800:. During the 1890s, von Behring developed an
8589:, 23, UNESCO, UNESCO. UNESCO.
8575: This article incorporates text from a
8245:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
5382:"Police hand back Tutu's stolen Nobel medal"
5251:
4990:
4988:
4746:
4473:
4210:
4195:
4183:
4090:
4018:
3994:
3982:
3849:
3805:
3666:
3664:
3498:
3154:List of prizes known as the Nobel of a field
2397:, one of the controversial omissions of the
2021:later received the Chemistry Prize in 2006.
1989:, in 1975. The Physics Prize was awarded to
1831:Five people have received two Nobel Prizes.
9790:Prizes known as the "Nobel" of their fields
9051:Nobel Prizes by universities and institutes
8941:(Third ed.). Oxford University Press.
8517:. Panoramio.com. Retrieved on 28 July 2013.
7995:"Why don't women win Nobel science prizes?"
6717:Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (23 November 2018).
6187:
5913:
5871:
5823:
5799:
5551:
5503:"Video – Breaking News Videos from CNN.com"
5241:
5239:
5237:
5145:
5041:"The Nobel Week — a celebration of science"
4792:"Subramanyan Chandrasekhar – Autobiography"
4718:"Nobel secretary regrets Obama peace prize"
4006:
3948:[Nobel Foundation: Noble Worries].
3486:
3407:
2773:
2740:In terms of the most prestigious awards in
2736:List of female nominees for the Nobel Prize
2412:in the 20th century, was nominated for the
2167:
819:for his role in founding the International
669:), the trustees of these institutions, and
130:(Physics, Chemistry and Economic Sciences)
9831:
9817:
9744:Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute
9078:
9064:
8336:
6997:
6995:
6446:
6434:
6358:
6346:
6006:
5847:
5404:
4422:
4234:
4159:
4030:
3970:
3916:[Discounts Save the Nobel Party].
3909:
3900:
3266:
2374:
2317:, and was condemned by the governments of
2287:The award of the 2004 Literature Prize to
2013:, who was awarded the same prize in 1983.
1792:: 1914, 1918, 1935, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943
1735:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics Sciences
1695:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics Sciences
1014:Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute
935:The 2009 announcement of the laureates in
546:
134:Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute
43:
27:Prizes established by Alfred Nobel in 1895
9562:
9189:
8238:
8141:
7931:"Why more women don't win science Nobels"
7753:
7709:
7686:"Physics Nobels should favour inventions"
7001:
6370:
6324:"Chemistry Nobel Prize for Benjamin List"
6024:
5835:
5811:
5682:
4985:
4938:
4912:
4881:
4871:
4656:
4456:
4281:
4105:
4054:
3861:
3760:
3748:
3661:
3631:
3601:
3433:
3431:
1423:Youngest person to receive a Nobel Prize:
1036:
878:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
723:
9617:
9013:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
8996:
8456:
7572:
7542:"News Analysis: Nobel Prize Controversy"
7533:
7504:
7399:"Nomination Database: Arnold Sommerfeld"
7264:
6659:
6409:
6031:. Oxford University Press. p. 149.
5664:
5416:
5234:
5071:"Alfred Nobel's last will and testament"
4668:
4401:
4222:
4147:
4078:
3613:
2777:
2717:
2389:
2378:
2171:
1953:). The Physics Prize in 1906 was won by
1888:International Committee of the Red Cross
1819:
1630:Married couples to receive Nobel Prizes:
1527:International Committee of the Red Cross
1335:
1253:
1089:
881:
727:
556:
379:
196:621 prizes to 992 laureates (as of 2024)
8603:The Nobel Peace Prize and the Laureates
8242:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
8205:
7539:
6992:
6458:
6403:
5951:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp.
5374:
5343:
5212:[Medals: A traditional Craft].
5032:
4418:
4416:
4337:"Ralph Steinman Remains Nobel Laureate"
4317:
4305:
3694:
3576:
3549:
2695:Emphasis on discoveries over inventions
2660:, who died in 1995, when his co-author
2299:also generated criticism. According to
2196:, especially for the Literature Prize.
1961:are particles, and in 1937 by his son,
1637:List of couples awarded the Nobel Prize
1440:Oldest person to receive a Nobel Prize:
1131:during his first year as US president.
1072:
1057:, who in 1996 died after the prize (in
14:
10067:
8911:from the original on 24 September 2023
8839:from the original on 24 September 2023
8825:(Third ed.). The Americas Group.
8806:from the original on 24 September 2023
8773:from the original on 24 September 2023
8732:from the original on 24 September 2023
8678:from the original on 24 September 2023
8645:from the original on 24 September 2023
8508:Monument of the Planet of Alfred Nobel
8412:from the original on 25 September 2012
8301:
8064:
8013:from the original on 15 September 2018
7992:
7928:
7427:
7231:
7213:from the original on 24 September 2023
7190:
7043:
7004:"Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureate"
6815:"Author's Nobel Stirs Shock-and-'Bah'"
6812:
6556:
6410:de Sousa, Ana Naomi (9 October 2009).
6205:
6145:from the original on 19 September 2009
5600:
5569:
5505:. CNN. 11 October 2009. Archived from
5434:
5362:from the original on 19 September 2011
5038:
4698:from the original on 27 September 2022
4599:
3910:Sjöholm/Tt, Gustav (2 December 2012).
3570:
3516:
3428:
3389:
3250:. Nobel Foundation. 6 September 2019.
3159:Lists of science and technology awards
2988:
2089:received the Chemistry Prize in 2021.
2033:received Nobels in consecutive years:
1046:, and the 1961 Peace Prize awarded to
843:forbade three laureates from Germany (
53:awarded in 1950 to researchers at the
10110:Swedish science and technology awards
9812:
9785:World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates
9059:
8432:"The Nobel Prize: On the film screen"
8208:"Odd facts about Nobel Prize winners"
7974:from the original on 14 December 2018
7961:
7943:from the original on 12 December 2018
7910:from the original on 11 December 2018
7879:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
7838:from the original on 15 November 2017
7773:from the original on 26 February 2021
7672:Excerpt from the Will of Alfred Nobel
7505:Crawford, Elisabeth (November 2001).
7409:from the original on 12 February 2018
7117:
7002:Tønnesson, Øyvind (1 December 1999).
6938:from the original on 9 September 2020
6760:. Associated Press. 11 October 2005.
6660:Naughton, Philippe (9 October 2009).
6562:
6376:
6304:from the original on 19 February 2020
6248:from the original on 16 December 2021
6131:Maugh, Thomas H. II (8 August 2007).
6130:
5725:from the original on 9 September 2021
5603:"Three share Nobel prize for physics"
5349:
5210:"Medalj – ett traditionellt hantverk"
4644:from the original on 26 December 2018
4521:from the original on 26 December 2018
3926:from the original on 6 September 2020
3589:from the original on 30 November 2023
3558:from the original on 10 December 2023
3099:List of Nobel laureates in Literature
2762:Status of the Economic Sciences Prize
2065:(1972; shared) were brothers-in-law.
1815:
1622:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1063:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
298:chemist, engineer, and industrialist
281:
265:
51:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
8748:The Nobel Prize: The First 100 Years
8382:from the original on 8 November 2017
8367:
8337:Franchetti, Mark (14 January 2007).
8171:
8105:from the original on 10 October 2014
8040:. Indiana University Press. p.
8031:
7906:. Associated Press. 1 October 2018.
7618:from the original on 27 January 2021
7573:Dawidoff, Nicholas (25 April 2009).
7486:from the original on 6 November 2016
7099:from the original on 27 January 2011
6980:from the original on 20 October 2013
6899:
6855:from the original on 10 October 2009
6825:from the original on 4 November 2009
6605:from the original on 12 October 2009
6563:Philp, Catherine (10 October 2009).
6377:Tuohy, William (20 September 1981).
6334:from the original on 23 October 2021
6175:from the original on 17 January 2010
6025:Hargittai, István (28 August 2003).
5901:from the original on 26 January 2010
5787:from the original on 10 January 2022
5582:from the original on 13 January 2020
5495:
5392:from the original on 24 January 2010
5178:from the original on 10 January 2014
5039:Froman, Ingmarie (4 December 2007).
4413:
3837:from the original on 11 October 2011
3790:from the original on 8 November 2021
3517:Golden, Frederic (16 October 2000).
3510:
3451:from the original on 6 February 2013
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3217:from the original on 5 December 2018
3172: – library in Stockholm, Sweden
3094:List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry
2992:
2953:
2892:theft of Rabindranath Tagore's prize
2475:. Liu Xiaobo would go on to win the
2118:
2097:was awarded the same prize in 2022.
1756:: 1916, 1931, 1934, 1940, 1941, 1942
8606:. Watson Publishing International.
8220:from the original on 6 January 2010
8101:. nobelprize.org. 20 October 2014.
8091:
7821:. Paris: UNESCO. 2015. p. 23.
7603:
7585:from the original on 8 January 2012
7456:from the original on 2 January 2017
7379:from the original on 8 January 2017
7369:"Nomination Database: Emile P Roux"
7349:from the original on 8 January 2017
7339:"Nomination Database: Gaston Ramon"
7307:from the original on 2 October 2013
6968:
6881:from the original on 29 August 2020
6784:"Nobel judge steps down in protest"
6672:from the original on 6 January 2022
6544:from the original on 5 January 2012
5994:from the original on 7 October 2014
5163:
4802:from the original on 18 August 2007
4728:from the original on 31 August 2022
4581:from the original on 9 January 2010
4511:"All Nobel Laureates in Literature"
3682:from the original on 15 August 2018
3104:List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates
2942:. This is sometimes referred to as
2368:The New England Journal of Medicine
1897:
1142:
830:
780:The Swedish Academy chose the poet
541:
507:and Rudolf Lilljequist, formed the
107:(all prizes except the Peace Prize)
24:
9524:Washington University in St. Louis
8983:
8925:
7929:Feeney, Mary K. (5 October 2018).
7540:Spinney, Laura (4 December 2001).
7428:Butler, Declan (11 October 2016).
7267:"Akademien väljer helst en europé"
7265:Fristorp, Mimmi (8 October 2008).
7191:Nassif, Rames (31 December 1988).
7086:
6969:Day, Elizabeth (12 January 2008).
6845:"NOBEL PRIZE WINNER: Herta Muller"
6794:from the original on 31 March 2012
6637:from the original on 10 April 2010
6464:
6391:from the original on 15 April 2021
6268:"Gerardus 't Hooft – Biographical"
6112:from the original on 11 April 2022
5755:from the original on 4 August 2020
5292:
5004:. 10 December 2009. Archived from
4969:. 10 December 2009. Archived from
4967:Institute of Commercial Management
4377:from the original on 26 April 2011
3672:"Full text of Alfred Nobel's Will"
3531:from the original on 15 April 2021
3109:List of Nobel laureates in Physics
3089:List of Nobel laureates by country
2081:were awarded the Economics Prize.
1593:Posthumous Nobel Prizes laureates:
1485:List of Nobel laureates by country
1478:Country with most Nobel laureates:
25:
10131:
10115:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
8964:
8744:
8549:from the original on 17 July 2020
8402:"Aung San Suu Kyi – Biographical"
8339:"How the CIA won Zhivago a Nobel"
8206:English, Jason (6 October 2009).
8127:. 14 October 2007. Archived from
8079:from the original on 28 June 2019
8065:Siegel, Ethan (18 October 2018).
7993:Devlin, Hannah (6 October 2017).
7554:from the original on 27 June 2006
7527:
7476:"Nomination Database: Otto Stern"
7172:from the original on 18 June 2018
7162:"The Nobel Peace Prize 1901–2000"
7118:Ghosh, Avijit (17 October 2006).
7028:
6912:from the original on 15 June 2022
6495:
6206:Conger, Krista (4 October 2006).
5631:
5447:from the original on 19 June 2010
5113:from the original on 24 July 2018
5103:"The Nobel Foundation – Statutes"
5079:. 5 December 2009. Archived from
5026:
4831:. 11 October 2004. Archived from
4634:"All Nobel Peace Prize Laureates"
4395:
4347:from the original on 20 July 2018
4299:
4216:
4189:
4177:
4099:
4048:
4024:
4000:
3894:
3879:
3855:
3811:
3742:
3724:from the original on 20 July 2018
3577:Schultz, Colin (9 October 2013).
3504:
3492:
3317:from the original on 15 June 2020
3287:from the original on 20 July 2018
3254:from the original on 27 June 2020
3229:
2810:Anglo-Swedish Literary Foundation
2261:, also prompted accusations of a
1967:also have the properties of waves
1811:Specially distinguished laureates
1282:banquet is held in Norway at the
1008:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
945:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
886:Map of Nobel laureates by country
528:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
467:"greatest benefit on mankind" in
128:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
10100:Science and technology in Sweden
9152:
9085:
9029:
8995:
8570:
8520:
8501:
8450:
8394:
8295:
8283:from the original on 21 May 2022
8265:
8232:
8184:from the original on 31 May 2010
8165:
8135:
8117:
8058:
8025:
7986:
7962:Rathi, Akshat (9 October 2017).
7955:
7922:
7892:
7871:
7850:
7806:
7785:
7726:
7677:
7665:
7630:
7597:
7566:
7498:
7468:
7421:
7391:
7361:
7331:
7289:
7258:
7246:from the original on 5 June 2011
7184:
7154:
7142:
7130:from the original on 23 May 2022
7111:
7080:
7044:Kenner, David (7 October 2009).
7010:from the original on 5 July 2013
6962:
6924:
6893:
6867:
6837:
6806:
6776:
6744:
6710:
6684:
6653:
6617:
6587:
6525:
6477:from the original on 31 May 2014
6316:
6286:
6274:from the original on 3 July 2017
6260:
6230:
6199:
6157:
6124:
6084:
6052:
5976:
5883:
5767:
5737:
5707:
5658:
5625:
5613:from the original on 1 June 2019
5594:
5563:
5521:
5301:from the original on 5 July 2018
5164:Lea, Richard (8 December 2008).
4600:Bryant, Lisa (10 October 2008).
4551:from the original on 14 May 2011
4135:from the original on 5 June 2016
3632:von Euler, U. S. (6 June 1981).
3343:from the original on 10 May 2020
3062:
3048:
3034:
2996:
2957:
2785:, who was forced to decline his
2123:
1315:, 1994 Nobel Peace Prize lecture
1293:
1243:
1160:
1151:
953:
921:
909:
849:Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt
601:E. Bargengren, who accessed the
222:
164:
8868:. World Scientific Publishing.
8621:Crawford, Elizabeth T. (1984).
8620:
8459:Public Understanding of Science
8368:Finn, Peter (27 January 2007).
8172:Holt, Jim (22 September 2003).
7232:Kirsch, Adam (3 October 2008).
6934:. Al Jazeera. 7 December 2019.
6877:. Al Jazeera. 11 October 2019.
6813:Jordan, Mary (9 October 2009).
6764:from the original on 8 May 2017
5476:. December 2013. Archived from
5428:
5286:
5202:
5190:
5157:
5125:
5095:
5063:
4906:
4850:
4814:
4784:
4710:
4680:
4626:
4593:
4563:
4541:"The Nobel Prize in Literature"
4533:
4503:
4491:from the original on 2 May 2010
4367:"The Nobel Prize in Literature"
4359:
4329:
4251:
4117:
4012:
3817:
3772:
3766:
3625:
3543:
3463:
2930:and other dietary supplements,
2903:The statue and memorial symbol
1010:– Chemistry; Physics; Economics
975:in Swedish, English, and German
890:In 1968, Sweden's central bank
857:occupation of Norway by Germany
788:to be awarded. Some, including
410:. In 1894, Nobel purchased the
394:was born on 21 October 1833 in
9780:Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings
9544:Catholic priests and religious
8890:
8851:
8690:
7052:. pp. 1–7. Archived from
6900:Cain, Sian (10 October 2019).
6012:
5601:Sample, Ian (7 October 2008).
5570:Sample, Ian (5 October 2009).
5535:. 11 June 2012. Archived from
5197:1994 Nobel Peace Prize lecture
4765:(8): 1025–1033. Archived from
4111:
3946:"Nobel-Stiftung: Noble Sorgen"
3825:"Nobel Prize Funded from Baku"
3619:
3607:
3550:Andrews, Evan (23 July 2020).
3401:
3355:
3329:
3299:
3199:
3149:Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings
3084:List of female Nobel laureates
2732:List of female Nobel laureates
2482:In 1965, UN Secretary General
2251:President of the United States
1993:in 1924, followed by his son,
1863:and in 1972 for the theory of
1407:
1082:was awarded the 1926 Prize in
982:
13:
1:
10120:1895 establishments in Sweden
10105:Science and technology awards
9174:Heads of state and government
8818:
7046:"Nobel Peace Prize Also-Rans"
5817:
5745:"Nobel Prize-awarded couples"
5350:Kumar, Hari (26 March 2004).
3913:"Rabatter räddar Nobelfesten"
3519:"The Worst And The Brightest"
3395:
3192:
1529:; received the prize thrice.
1447:; at the age of 97, received
1430:; at the age of 17, received
1416:
1278:and around 1,300 guests. The
943:, permanent secretary of the
514:Nobel's instructions named a
360:plated with 24 karat gold, a
8863:
8657:
8581:license statement/permission
8259:UK public library membership
8174:"Exit, Pursued by a Lobster"
7325:
7273:(in Swedish). Archived from
7120:"'We missed Mahatma Gandhi'"
6956:
6507:
6364:
6193:
6165:"Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar"
5930:
5877:
5829:
5805:
5410:
5283:. Retrieved 7 December 2007.
5245:
5218:(in Swedish). Archived from
4287:
4245:
4204:
4165:
4072:
4060:
4036:
3976:
3867:
3483:. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
3408:Schmidhuber, Jürgen (2010).
2928:health benefits of vitamin C
2926:concepts, including various
2146:or discuss the issue on the
1583:; received the prize twice.
1573:; received the prize twice.
1563:; received the prize twice.
1553:; received the prize twice.
1539:; received the prize twice.
1515:; received the prize twice.
1464:; received the prize twice.
1182:in Stockholm in 2008; Left:
997:
637:is appointed by the Swedish
7:
9975:(Hungary and United States)
9499:City University of New York
8931:
8819:Shalev, Baruch Aba (2005).
8599:
8302:Bishop, J. Michael (2003).
7074:
6519:
6452:
6440:
6352:
5865:
5853:
5841:
5557:
5422:
5352:"Poet's Nobel Medal Stolen"
5151:
4674:
4662:
4441:10.1093/embo-reports/kve034
4423:Breithaupt, Holger (2001).
4407:
4323:
4311:
4228:
4153:
3954:(in German). Archived from
3754:
3700:
3027:
2938:, and various claims about
2890:, a 2012 film based on the
2861:
2745:this and the roughly equal
2176:When it was announced that
2109:Reception and controversies
2083:Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
1851:and its application to the
1398:
1274:, which is attended by the
677:Foundation capital and cost
630:(c. US$ 560 million).
597:, and according to Swedish
10:
10136:
10090:Awards established in 1895
9872:(Russia and United States)
8864:Söderlind, Ulrica (2010).
8785:
8711:
8629:Cambridge University Press
8565:
7303:. London. 6 October 2009.
6412:"Top ten Nobel Prize rows"
5437:"The Nobel Prize Diplomas"
4084:
3988:
2950:International relationship
2729:
2331:Bosnian genocide denialism
2138:towards certain viewpoints
2112:
2073:. In 2019, married couple
2011:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
1634:
1509:(by date of second Prize)
1482:
1329:
1247:
1136:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
990:
875:
872:Prize in Economic Sciences
550:
375:
283:[nʊˈbɛ̀lːˌpriːsn̩]
267:[nʊˈbɛ̂lːˌpriːsɛt]
10012:
9988:
9958:
9927:
9903:
9879:
9848:
9798:
9752:
9737:Norwegian Nobel Committee
9694:
9643:
9633:PRIO Director's Shortlist
9536:
9489:
9285:
9230:
9161:
9150:
9111:
9093:
8822:100 years of Nobel prizes
7442:10.1038/nature.2016.20781
5891:"Marie Curie (1867–1934)"
5435:Lemmel, Birgitta (2009).
4892:10.1007/s11192-009-0035-9
3714:"The Nobel Prize Amounts"
3277:"The Nobel Prize amounts"
3133: – Mathematics award
3042:History of Science portal
2856:
2713:
2399:Nobel Prize in Literature
2345:In 1949, the neurologist
2115:Nobel Prize controversies
1602:Nobel Prize in Literature
1325:
1320:
1207:Norwegian Nobel Institute
1026:Norwegian Nobel Committee
969:Nobel Prize in Literature
739:for his discovery of the
735:, who received the first
667:Norwegian Nobel Committee
653:is chosen from among the
516:Norwegian Nobel Committee
499:until 26 April 1897. The
200:
192:
174:
155:
146:Norwegian Nobel Committee
120:
97:
65:
42:
37:
9098:Lists of Nobel laureates
8658:Feldman, Burton (2001).
8592:
8471:10.1177/0963662518766476
8345:. London. Archived from
8099:"Nobel Laureates by Age"
7858:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
6571:. London. Archived from
6418:. London. Archived from
5325:University of California
3830:Azerbaijan International
3780:""Financial Management""
3470:Multiple Nobel Laureates
2911:of Economics and Law in
2815:During the Third Reich,
2787:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
2774:Refusals and constraints
2359:version of the procedure
2329:, due to his history of
2168:Controversial recipients
2039:Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
1965:, for showing that they
1671:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1585:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1565:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1541:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1521:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1466:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1449:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
937:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
163:medal, a diploma, and a
136:(Physiology or Medicine)
8891:Wilhelm, Peter (1983).
8859:. The Nobel Foundation.
8786:Leroy, Francis (2003).
8583:). Text taken from
7614:. Rochester, New York.
6384:Sarasota Herald Tribune
5783:. London. 2 July 2009.
5281:Oregon State University
5132:Philippe-Joseph Salazar
3639:Die Naturwissenschaften
3475:6 November 2018 at the
3079:List of Nobel laureates
2909:Alfred Nobel University
2628:University of Frankfurt
2610:for the development of
2375:Overlooked achievements
1717:Nobel Prize in Medicine
1685:Nobel Prize in Medicine
1099:example, 2008 laureate
1016:– Physiology / Medicine
775:chemical thermodynamics
547:Formation of Foundation
463:. He was 63 years old.
180:; 122 years ago
10018:Nobel Prize recipients
9960:Physiology or Medicine
9732:Physiology or Medicine
9678:Physiology or Medicine
9605:Physiology or Medicine
9222:Physiology or Medicine
9144:Physiology or Medicine
8991:
8971:Listen to this article
8753:Imperial College Press
8691:Gribbin, John (1985).
8600:Abrams, Irwin (2001).
8527:Basterfield, Candice;
8251:10.1093/ref:odnb/36047
7798:15 August 2018 at the
7611:Democrat and Chronicle
5263:12 August 2011 at the
3005:This section is empty.
2966:This section is empty.
2905:Planet of Alfred Nobel
2789:
2727:
2588:Pierre Paul Émile Roux
2477:2010 Nobel Peace Prize
2443:
2401:
2387:
2319:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2189:
2180:was to be awarded the
2035:Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
1999:Hans von Euler-Chelpin
1975:William Lawrence Bragg
1926:, was the director of
1828:
1778:Physiology or Medicine
1657:Nobel Prize in Physics
1555:Nobel Prize in Physics
1517:Nobel Prize in Physics
1348:
1318:
1263:
1234:Norwegian royal family
1199:Stockholm Concert Hall
1095:
1084:Physiology or Medicine
1037:Posthumous nominations
887:
743:
737:Nobel Prize in Physics
724:Inaugural Nobel prizes
645:of the prize-awarding
566:
421:. Nobel also invented
388:
316:Physiology or Medicine
275:
262:
79:Physiology or Medicine
8990:
8712:Jones, Brenn (2003).
8664:. Arcade Publishing.
8541:. Amherst, New York:
8513:9 August 2017 at the
8032:Rose, Hilary (1994).
7764:10.1386/tear.6.1.73_1
6169:University of Chicago
5684:10.1096/fj.06-1102ufm
5665:Pederson, T. (2006).
4724:. 17 September 2015.
4125:"All Nobel Laureates"
3244:"Alfred Nobel's will"
2940:race and intelligence
2781:
2721:
2438:
2419:In 1948, the year of
2393:
2382:
2353:. The previous year,
2175:
2029:. Two members of the
1979:X-ray crystallography
1920:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
1823:
1745:Years without prizes:
1339:
1305:
1257:
1172:Giovanni Jona-Lasinio
1093:
885:
731:
661:are appointed by the
635:chairman of the board
623:exempt from all taxes
589:were involved in the
560:
383:
178:10 December 1901
10095:International awards
9519:Princeton University
9038:at Wikimedia Commons
9022:More spoken articles
8897:. Springwood Books.
8529:Lilienfeld, Scott O.
8406:The Nobel Foundation
7093:The Nobel Foundation
7006:. Nobel Foundation.
6575:on 24 September 2023
6422:on 24 September 2023
5297:. Nobel Foundation.
5107:The Nobel Foundation
4796:The Nobel Foundation
4341:The Nobel Foundation
3718:The Nobel Foundation
3583:Smithsonian Magazine
3311:The Nobel Foundation
2497:Cuban Missile Crisis
2351:prefrontal leucotomy
2333:and his support for
2239:various newspapers.
1963:George Paget Thomson
1949:in 2014 (along with
1877:Karl Barry Sharpless
1581:Karl Barry Sharpless
1276:Swedish Royal Family
1217:(1947–1989), and at
1209:(1905–1946), at the
1178:'s Nobel Lecture at
1073:Recognition time lag
1048:UN Secretary General
794:Victorian literature
534:were promulgated by
524:Karolinska Institute
461:cerebral haemorrhage
440:is the most famous.
59:Rochester, Minnesota
9628:AFSC Nobel nominees
9504:Columbia University
8718:. PowerKids Press.
8375:The Washington Post
8370:"The Plot Thickens"
8131:on 14 October 2007.
7884:23 May 2020 at the
7863:23 May 2020 at the
7702:2007Natur.448..644B
7651:1997PhT....50i..26C
7575:"The Civil Heretic"
7517:on 3 February 2006.
7277:on 18 February 2010
6849:The Huffington Post
6819:The Washington Post
6790:. 11 October 2005.
6300:. 15 October 2019.
5781:The Daily Telegraph
5715:"Nobel Prize facts"
5222:on 18 December 2007
5199:(10 December 1994).
5008:on 15 December 2009
4931:2009NatCh...1..509.
4772:on 27 February 2008
4748:Vishveshwara, C. V.
4694:. 13 October 2016.
4614:on 17 November 2008
4373:. 3 December 1999.
3786:. 8 November 2021.
2989:Science advancement
2897:The Big Bang Theory
2806:George Bernard Shaw
2802:Paris Peace Accords
2302:The Washington Post
2144:improve the article
1971:William Henry Bragg
1939:Carl Ferdinand Cori
1598:Erik Axel Karlfeldt
1533:(1917, 1944, 1963).
1497:403 Nobel laureates
1272:Stockholm City Hall
1203:Stockholm City Hall
1044:Erik Axel Karlfeldt
771:Jacobus van 't Hoff
431:patent infringement
193:Number of laureates
9514:Harvard University
8992:
8543:Center for Inquiry
8538:Skeptical Inquirer
8153:on 27 October 2021
8145:(1 January 2004).
7579:The New York Times
7124:The Times of India
7056:on 25 January 2010
6851:. 8 October 2009.
6633:. 9 October 2009.
6601:. 9 October 2009.
6538:The New York Times
6270:. Nobelprize.org.
6242:The New York Times
6171:. 22 August 1995.
5356:The New York Times
5331:on 11 January 2009
5293:Lemmel, Birgitta.
5051:on 14 October 2009
4973:on 9 February 2010
4913:Editorial (2009).
4487:. 7 October 2009.
4343:. 3 October 2011.
4259:"Nomination Facts"
3447:. 3 October 2011.
3307:"All Nobel Prizes"
3185:Nobel Prize effect
3179:Nobel Prize Museum
2936:HIV/AIDS denialism
2790:
2728:
2689:Enrico Fermi Award
2479:while imprisoned.
2402:
2388:
2347:António Egas Moniz
2335:Slobodan Milošević
2190:
2047:Nikolaas Tinbergen
1916:Irène Joliot-Curie
1829:
1816:Multiple laureates
1663:Irène Joliot-Curie
1445:John B. Goodenough
1387:dissolved them in
1349:
1301:Theodore Roosevelt
1264:
1258:Table at the 2005
1215:University of Oslo
1096:
888:
835:In 1938 and 1939,
821:Red Cross Movement
815:went to the Swiss
744:
651:Executive director
619:investment company
567:
389:
113:(Peace Prize only)
10062:
10061:
9990:Economic Sciences
9806:
9805:
9690:
9689:
9686:
9685:
9613:
9612:
9532:
9531:
9485:
9484:
9103:Nobel Prize medal
9034:Media related to
8988:
8948:978-0-19-520438-4
8904:978-0-86254-111-8
8883:978-981-4313-11-7
8866:The Nobel Banquet
8832:978-0-935047-37-0
8799:978-0-8247-0876-4
8766:978-981-02-4664-8
8725:978-0-8239-5777-4
8704:978-0-552-12555-0
8671:978-1-55970-592-9
8638:978-0-521-26584-3
8613:978-0-88135-388-4
8315:978-0-674-02097-9
8257:(Subscription or
8051:978-0-253-20907-8
7828:978-92-9223-492-8
7793:Nobel Prize Facts
7206:978-1-85065-045-4
6698:. 3 November 2010
6647:National Archives
6244:. 30 April 1999.
6218:on 5 January 2010
6167:(Press release).
6138:Los Angeles Times
6038:978-0-19-860785-4
5962:978-0-313-29180-7
5671:The FASEB Journal
5632:Locke, Michelle.
5509:on 31 August 2010
5483:on 7 October 2014
5323:(Press release).
5083:on 9 October 2009
5045:Swedish Institute
4940:10.1038/nchem.372
4750:(25 April 2000).
4269:on 9 January 2010
3833:. 30 April 1996.
3126:Nobel Prize medal
3025:
3024:
2986:
2985:
2612:mass spectrometry
2592:Arnold Sommerfeld
2557:Jorge Luis Borges
2541:August Strindberg
2453:Eleanor Roosevelt
2414:Nobel Peace Prize
2277:Rohingya genocide
2182:Nobel Peace Prize
2165:
2164:
1957:for showing that
1865:superconductivity
1703:Nobel Peace Prize
1618:Ralph M. Steinman
1612:Nobel Peace Prize
1575:Nobel Peace Prize
1545:Nobel Peace Prize
1531:Nobel Peace Prize
1470:Nobel Peace Prize
1432:Nobel Peace Prize
1332:Nobel Prize medal
1280:Nobel Peace Prize
1236:. At first, King
1188:Thorbjørn Jagland
1067:Ralph M. Steinman
962:
930:
892:Sveriges Riksbank
817:Jean Henri Dunant
813:Nobel Peace Prize
718:Sveriges Riksbank
714:Economic Sciences
340:Sveriges Riksbank
338:'s central bank,
332:Economic Sciences
214:
213:
16:(Redirected from
10127:
10020:
9918:Narges Mohammadi
9833:
9826:
9819:
9810:
9809:
9775:Nobel Laboratory
9707:Nobel Committees
9702:Nobel Foundation
9641:
9640:
9615:
9614:
9560:
9559:
9283:
9282:
9187:
9186:
9156:
9080:
9073:
9066:
9057:
9056:
9047:
9046:
9044:Official website
9033:
9012:
9010:
8999:
8998:
8989:
8979:
8977:
8972:
8960:
8920:
8918:
8916:
8887:
8860:
8848:
8846:
8844:
8815:
8813:
8811:
8782:
8780:
8778:
8757:World Scientific
8741:
8739:
8737:
8708:
8687:
8685:
8683:
8654:
8652:
8650:
8617:
8574:
8559:
8558:
8556:
8554:
8524:
8518:
8505:
8499:
8498:
8454:
8448:
8447:
8445:
8443:
8428:
8422:
8421:
8419:
8417:
8398:
8392:
8391:
8389:
8387:
8365:
8359:
8358:
8356:
8354:
8349:on 5 August 2011
8334:
8328:
8327:
8299:
8293:
8292:
8290:
8288:
8269:
8263:
8262:
8254:
8236:
8230:
8229:
8227:
8225:
8203:
8194:
8193:
8191:
8189:
8169:
8163:
8162:
8160:
8158:
8149:. Archived from
8143:Henderson, Hazel
8139:
8133:
8132:
8121:
8115:
8114:
8112:
8110:
8095:
8089:
8088:
8086:
8084:
8062:
8056:
8055:
8039:
8029:
8023:
8022:
8020:
8018:
7990:
7984:
7983:
7981:
7979:
7959:
7953:
7952:
7950:
7948:
7936:The Conversation
7926:
7920:
7919:
7917:
7915:
7896:
7890:
7875:
7869:
7854:
7848:
7847:
7845:
7843:
7837:
7820:
7810:
7804:
7789:
7783:
7782:
7780:
7778:
7772:
7757:
7739:
7730:
7724:
7723:
7713:
7681:
7675:
7674:. nobelprize.org
7669:
7663:
7662:
7659:10.1063/1.881933
7634:
7628:
7627:
7625:
7623:
7604:Goodman, James.
7601:
7595:
7594:
7592:
7590:
7570:
7564:
7563:
7561:
7559:
7537:
7531:
7525:
7519:
7518:
7513:. Archived from
7502:
7496:
7495:
7493:
7491:
7480:Nobel Foundation
7472:
7466:
7465:
7463:
7461:
7425:
7419:
7418:
7416:
7414:
7403:Nobel Foundation
7395:
7389:
7388:
7386:
7384:
7373:Nobel Foundation
7365:
7359:
7358:
7356:
7354:
7343:Nobel Foundation
7335:
7329:
7323:
7317:
7316:
7314:
7312:
7293:
7287:
7286:
7284:
7282:
7262:
7256:
7255:
7253:
7251:
7229:
7223:
7222:
7220:
7218:
7198:
7188:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7177:
7166:Nobel Foundation
7158:
7152:
7151:. icrs.ugm.ac.id
7146:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7135:
7115:
7109:
7108:
7106:
7104:
7084:
7078:
7072:
7066:
7065:
7063:
7061:
7041:
7032:
7026:
7020:
7019:
7017:
7015:
6999:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6985:
6966:
6960:
6954:
6948:
6947:
6945:
6943:
6928:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6917:
6897:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6886:
6871:
6865:
6864:
6862:
6860:
6841:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6830:
6810:
6804:
6803:
6801:
6799:
6780:
6774:
6773:
6771:
6769:
6748:
6742:
6741:
6739:
6737:
6714:
6708:
6707:
6705:
6703:
6688:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6677:
6657:
6651:
6650:
6644:
6642:
6621:
6615:
6614:
6612:
6610:
6591:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6580:
6560:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6549:
6529:
6523:
6517:
6511:
6505:
6499:
6493:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6482:
6462:
6456:
6450:
6444:
6438:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6427:
6407:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6396:
6374:
6368:
6362:
6356:
6350:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6320:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6309:
6290:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6279:
6264:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6253:
6234:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6223:
6214:. Archived from
6203:
6197:
6191:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6180:
6161:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6150:
6128:
6122:
6121:
6119:
6117:
6088:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6077:
6056:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6045:
6022:
6016:
6010:
6004:
6003:
6001:
5999:
5988:Nobel Foundation
5980:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5969:
5950:
5940:
5934:
5928:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5906:
5887:
5881:
5875:
5869:
5863:
5857:
5851:
5845:
5839:
5833:
5827:
5821:
5815:
5809:
5803:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5778:
5771:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5760:
5741:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5711:
5705:
5704:
5686:
5662:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5651:
5645:
5639:. Archived from
5638:
5629:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5618:
5598:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5567:
5561:
5555:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5499:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5482:
5474:Nobel Foundation
5471:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5441:Nobel Foundation
5432:
5426:
5420:
5414:
5408:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5388:. 16 June 2007.
5378:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5347:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5327:. Archived from
5317:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5290:
5284:
5255:
5249:
5243:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5206:
5200:
5194:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5183:
5161:
5155:
5149:
5143:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5099:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5088:
5067:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5056:
5047:. Archived from
5036:
5030:
5024:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5013:
4992:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4959:
4953:
4952:
4942:
4919:Nature Chemistry
4910:
4904:
4903:
4885:
4875:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4837:
4829:Nobel Foundation
4826:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4788:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4771:
4756:
4744:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4684:
4678:
4672:
4666:
4660:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4638:Nobel Foundation
4630:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4607:Voice of America
4597:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4575:Nobel Foundation
4567:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4545:Nobel Foundation
4537:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4515:Nobel Foundation
4507:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4460:
4420:
4411:
4405:
4399:
4393:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4371:Nobel Foundation
4363:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4333:
4327:
4321:
4315:
4309:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4265:. Archived from
4263:Nobel Foundation
4255:
4249:
4243:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4175:
4169:
4163:
4157:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4129:Nobel Foundation
4121:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4016:
4010:
4004:
3998:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3942:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3922:(in Norwegian).
3915:
3907:
3898:
3892:
3883:
3877:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3821:
3815:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3795:
3784:Nobel Foundation
3776:
3770:
3764:
3758:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3676:Nobel Foundation
3668:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3648:
3642:. Archived from
3629:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3514:
3508:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3481:Nobel Foundation
3467:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3435:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3416:on 27 March 2014
3412:. Archived from
3405:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3376:on 12 March 2019
3372:. Archived from
3367:
3359:
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3333:
3327:
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3322:
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3297:
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3259:
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3203:
3175:
3164:Nobel Conference
3072:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3020:
3017:
3007:You can help by
3000:
2993:
2981:
2978:
2968:You can help by
2961:
2954:
2924:pseudoscientific
2843:Aung San Suu Kyi
2794:Jean-Paul Sartre
2756:Malala Yousafzai
2677:Fritz Strassmann
2666:Robert C. Merton
2651:François Englert
2620:Franz Hillenkamp
2533:Vladimir Nabokov
2521:J. R. R. Tolkien
2357:had developed a
2289:Elfriede Jelinek
2283:Literature Prize
2269:Aung San Suu Kyi
2160:
2157:
2151:
2127:
2126:
2119:
2075:Abhijit Banerjee
1898:Family laureates
1869:Frederick Sanger
1727:Abhijit Banerjee
1608:Dag Hammarskjöld
1561:Frederick Sanger
1428:Malala Yousafzai
1385:George de Hevesy
1284:Oslo Grand Hotel
1221:(1990–present).
1164:
1155:
1143:Award ceremonies
1101:Martti Ahtisaari
1080:Johannes Fibiger
1051:Dag Hammarskjöld
971:announcement by
964:
963:
932:
931:
831:Second World War
798:Emil von Behring
757:'s discovery of
748:Nobel Committees
575:Nobel Foundation
553:Nobel Foundation
542:Nobel Foundation
509:Nobel Foundation
344:Nobel Foundation
304:Nobel Foundation
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10080:Academic awards
10065:
10064:
10063:
10058:
10016:
10008:
10005:(United States)
9984:
9981:(United States)
9954:
9949:Anne L'Huillier
9937:Pierre Agostini
9923:
9899:
9875:
9866:(United States)
9860:(United States)
9844:
9837:
9807:
9802:
9801:
9794:
9770:Björkborn Manor
9748:
9682:
9639:
9609:
9558:
9528:
9481:
9461:South American
9446:North American
9287:
9281:
9234:
9232:
9226:
9185:
9157:
9148:
9107:
9089:
9084:
9042:
9041:
9026:
9025:
9014:
9008:
9006:
9003:This audio file
9000:
8993:
8984:
8981:
8975:
8974:
8970:
8967:
8949:
8928:
8926:Further reading
8923:
8914:
8912:
8905:
8894:The Nobel Prize
8884:
8853:Sohlman, Ragnar
8842:
8840:
8833:
8809:
8807:
8800:
8776:
8774:
8767:
8735:
8733:
8726:
8705:
8681:
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8646:
8639:
8614:
8595:
8568:
8563:
8562:
8552:
8550:
8525:
8521:
8515:Wayback Machine
8506:
8502:
8455:
8451:
8441:
8439:
8438:on 2 April 2015
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7886:Wayback Machine
7876:
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7865:Wayback Machine
7855:
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7835:
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7811:
7807:
7800:Wayback Machine
7790:
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7755:10.1.1.145.8130
7737:
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7711:10.1038/448644c
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6249:
6236:
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6231:
6221:
6219:
6212:Stanford Report
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5743:
5742:
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5713:
5712:
5708:
5663:
5659:
5649:
5647:
5646:on 26 July 2011
5643:
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5616:
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5599:
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5583:
5568:
5564:
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5542:
5540:
5539:on 15 June 2012
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5265:Wayback Machine
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4961:
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4911:
4907:
4883:10.1.1.604.9844
4855:
4851:
4841:
4839:
4838:on 26 June 2009
4835:
4824:
4820:
4819:
4815:
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4790:
4789:
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4773:
4769:
4759:Current Science
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4123:
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4098:
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4083:
4079:
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4055:
4047:
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4023:
4019:
4011:
4007:
3999:
3995:
3987:
3983:
3975:
3971:
3961:
3959:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3929:
3927:
3908:
3901:
3893:
3886:
3878:
3874:
3866:
3862:
3854:
3850:
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3838:
3823:
3822:
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3810:
3806:
3793:
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3777:
3773:
3765:
3761:
3753:
3749:
3741:
3737:
3727:
3725:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3699:
3695:
3685:
3683:
3670:
3669:
3662:
3652:
3650:
3649:on 14 July 2011
3646:
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3592:
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3477:Wayback Machine
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3305:
3304:
3300:
3290:
3288:
3281:The Nobel Prize
3275:
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3267:
3257:
3255:
3242:
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3200:
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3033:
3030:
3021:
3015:
3012:
2991:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2952:
2864:
2859:
2836:Boris Pasternak
2825:Adolf Butenandt
2776:
2764:
2747:human sex ratio
2738:
2716:
2708:Technoetic Arts
2697:
2639:Gerald Guralnik
2575:, and Africa's
2428:14th Dalai Lama
2377:
2206:Henry Kissinger
2178:Henry Kissinger
2170:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2141:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2111:
2071:Gerard 't Hooft
2023:Arthur Schawlow
2015:Arthur Kornberg
1943:May-Britt Moser
1924:Henry Labouisse
1900:
1881:click chemistry
1818:
1813:
1713:Edvard I. Moser
1709:May-Britt Moser
1667:Frédéric Joliot
1653:Henri Becquerel
1639:
1487:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1334:
1328:
1323:
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1194:
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1191:
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1157:
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1075:
1055:William Vickrey
1039:
1020:Swedish Academy
1000:
995:
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978:
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965:
954:
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933:
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880:
874:
833:
782:Sully Prudhomme
755:Wilhelm Röntgen
733:Wilhelm Röntgen
726:
679:
639:King in Council
615:Nobel laureates
561:Alfred Nobel's
555:
549:
544:
457:San Remo, Italy
378:
287:
286:
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10003:Claudia Goldin
9999:
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9973:Katalin Karikó
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9858:Moungi Bawendi
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9170:by occupation
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8965:External links
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8465:(4): 458–470.
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8277:NobelPrize.org
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7271:Dagens Nyheter
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7141:
7110:
7087:Aarvik, Egil.
7079:
7077:, pp. 147–148.
7067:
7050:Foreign Policy
7033:
7031:, pp. 181–186.
7021:
6991:
6961:
6959:, pp. 286–289.
6949:
6923:
6892:
6866:
6836:
6805:
6775:
6743:
6709:
6683:
6652:
6630:whitehouse.gov
6616:
6586:
6555:
6524:
6522:, pp. 302–306.
6512:
6500:
6488:
6465:Purdom, Todd.
6457:
6445:
6433:
6402:
6387:. p. 58.
6369:
6357:
6345:
6315:
6285:
6259:
6229:
6198:
6186:
6156:
6123:
6083:
6072:on 24 May 2010
6051:
6037:
6017:
6005:
5975:
5961:
5935:
5912:
5882:
5870:
5868:, pp. 199–200.
5858:
5846:
5834:
5822:
5810:
5798:
5766:
5749:NobelPrize.org
5736:
5719:NobelPrize.org
5706:
5677:(13): 2186–9.
5657:
5624:
5593:
5562:
5550:
5520:
5494:
5458:
5427:
5415:
5403:
5373:
5342:
5312:
5285:
5277:Valley Library
5250:
5233:
5201:
5189:
5156:
5144:
5124:
5094:
5062:
5031:
5019:
4984:
4954:
4905:
4860:Scientometrics
4849:
4813:
4783:
4739:
4709:
4679:
4667:
4655:
4625:
4592:
4562:
4532:
4502:
4472:
4412:
4400:
4388:
4358:
4328:
4316:
4304:
4292:
4280:
4250:
4233:
4221:
4209:
4194:
4182:
4170:
4158:
4146:
4116:
4104:
4089:
4077:
4075:, pp. 242–244.
4065:
4053:
4041:
4029:
4017:
4005:
3993:
3991:, pp. 117–118.
3981:
3969:
3958:on 4 July 2009
3937:
3919:Dagens Nyheter
3899:
3884:
3872:
3860:
3848:
3816:
3804:
3771:
3759:
3747:
3735:
3705:
3693:
3660:
3624:
3612:
3600:
3569:
3542:
3509:
3497:
3485:
3462:
3427:
3400:
3388:
3354:
3328:
3298:
3265:
3228:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3167:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3143:Ig Nobel Prize
3140:
3134:
3128:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3059:
3045:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3003:
3001:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2964:
2962:
2951:
2948:
2907:was opened in
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2829:Gerhard Domagk
2775:
2772:
2763:
2760:
2715:
2712:
2696:
2693:
2545:Simon Vestdijk
2469:Corazon Aquino
2465:Sari Nusseibeh
2448:Foreign Policy
2434:Geir Lundestad
2421:Gandhi's death
2406:Mahatma Gandhi
2384:Mahatma Gandhi
2376:
2373:
2363:medical ethics
2355:Walter Freeman
2343:
2342:
2341:Science prizes
2311:Salman Rushdie
2285:
2284:
2202:
2201:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2131:
2129:
2122:
2113:Main article:
2110:
2107:
2099:Edwin McMillan
2091:Sune Bergström
2059:Paul Samuelson
2031:Hodgkin family
2027:Charles Townes
1991:Manne Siegbahn
1899:
1896:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1731:Michael Kremer
1720:
1706:
1688:
1674:
1660:
1635:Main article:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1615:
1605:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1578:
1568:
1558:
1548:
1534:
1524:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1483:Main article:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1330:Main article:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1295:
1292:
1248:Main article:
1245:
1242:
1230:King of Norway
1226:King of Sweden
1219:Oslo City Hall
1176:Yoichiro Nambu
1169:
1168:
1159:
1158:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1074:
1071:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
999:
996:
991:Main article:
984:
981:
966:
952:
951:
950:
934:
920:
919:
918:
917:
916:
911:
908:
876:Main article:
873:
870:
853:Gerhard Domagk
832:
829:
825:Frédéric Passy
790:Burton Feldman
763:Philipp Lenard
725:
722:
689:and 30% other
678:
675:
551:Main article:
548:
545:
543:
540:
505:Ragnar Sohlman
377:
374:
212:
211:
202:
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
176:
172:
171:
167:of 11 million
165:monetary award
159:A gold-plated
157:
153:
152:
150:
149:
143:
137:
131:
124:
122:
118:
117:
115:
114:
108:
101:
99:
95:
94:
67:
63:
62:
48:
40:
39:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10132:
10121:
10118:
10116:
10113:
10111:
10108:
10106:
10103:
10101:
10098:
10096:
10093:
10091:
10088:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10076:
10073:
10072:
10070:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10019:
10015:
10014:
10011:
10004:
10001:
10000:
9998:
9995:
9991:
9987:
9980:
9979:Drew Weissman
9977:
9974:
9971:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9961:
9957:
9950:
9947:
9944:
9943:Ferenc Krausz
9941:
9938:
9935:
9934:
9932:
9930:
9926:
9919:
9916:
9915:
9913:
9910:
9906:
9902:
9895:
9892:
9891:
9889:
9886:
9882:
9878:
9871:
9870:Alexey Ekimov
9868:
9865:
9864:Louis E. Brus
9862:
9859:
9856:
9855:
9853:
9851:
9847:
9842:
9834:
9829:
9827:
9822:
9820:
9815:
9814:
9811:
9797:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9760:Controversies
9758:
9757:
9755:
9751:
9745:
9742:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9723:
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9718:
9715:
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9709:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9699:
9697:
9695:Organisations
9693:
9679:
9676:
9674:
9671:
9669:
9666:
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9642:
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9629:
9626:
9625:
9623:
9622:
9620:
9616:
9606:
9603:
9601:
9598:
9594:
9593:Organizations
9591:
9589:
9586:
9585:
9583:
9581:
9578:
9576:
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9567:
9565:
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9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9545:
9542:
9541:
9539:
9535:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9496:
9494:
9492:
9491:by university
9488:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9462:
9460:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9447:
9445:
9441:
9438:
9437:
9435:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
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9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9363:
9362:
9360:
9356:
9353:
9351:
9348:
9346:
9343:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9317:
9316:
9313:
9309:
9308:South African
9306:
9304:
9301:
9300:
9299:
9296:
9295:
9293:
9291:
9284:
9278:
9277:Non-religious
9275:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9243:
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9239:
9237:
9229:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
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9195:
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9192:
9188:
9182:
9179:
9175:
9172:
9171:
9169:
9168:
9166:
9164:
9160:
9155:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9116:
9114:
9110:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9095:
9092:
9088:
9081:
9076:
9074:
9069:
9067:
9062:
9061:
9058:
9052:
9049:
9045:
9040:
9037:
9032:
9028:
9027:
9023:
9019:
9004:
8958:
8954:
8950:
8944:
8940:
8939:
8934:
8933:Pais, Abraham
8930:
8929:
8910:
8906:
8900:
8896:
8895:
8889:
8885:
8879:
8875:
8871:
8867:
8862:
8858:
8854:
8850:
8838:
8834:
8828:
8824:
8823:
8817:
8805:
8801:
8795:
8792:. CRC Press.
8791:
8790:
8784:
8772:
8768:
8762:
8758:
8754:
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8749:
8743:
8731:
8727:
8721:
8717:
8716:
8710:
8706:
8700:
8696:
8695:
8689:
8677:
8673:
8667:
8663:
8662:
8656:
8644:
8640:
8634:
8630:
8626:
8625:
8619:
8615:
8609:
8605:
8604:
8598:
8597:
8590:
8588:
8587:
8582:
8578:
8573:
8548:
8544:
8540:
8539:
8534:
8530:
8523:
8516:
8512:
8509:
8504:
8496:
8492:
8488:
8484:
8480:
8476:
8472:
8468:
8464:
8460:
8453:
8437:
8433:
8427:
8411:
8407:
8403:
8397:
8381:
8377:
8376:
8371:
8364:
8348:
8344:
8340:
8333:
8325:
8321:
8317:
8311:
8307:
8306:
8298:
8282:
8278:
8274:
8268:
8260:
8252:
8248:
8244:
8243:
8235:
8219:
8215:
8214:
8209:
8202:
8200:
8183:
8179:
8175:
8168:
8152:
8148:
8144:
8138:
8130:
8126:
8120:
8104:
8100:
8094:
8078:
8074:
8073:
8068:
8061:
8053:
8047:
8043:
8038:
8037:
8028:
8012:
8008:
8004:
8000:
7996:
7989:
7973:
7969:
7965:
7958:
7942:
7938:
7937:
7932:
7925:
7909:
7905:
7901:
7895:
7888:
7887:
7883:
7880:
7874:
7867:
7866:
7862:
7859:
7853:
7834:
7830:
7824:
7817:
7816:
7809:
7802:
7801:
7797:
7794:
7788:
7769:
7765:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7747:
7743:
7736:
7729:
7721:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7703:
7699:
7696:(7154): 644.
7695:
7691:
7687:
7680:
7673:
7668:
7660:
7656:
7652:
7648:
7644:
7640:
7639:Physics Today
7633:
7617:
7613:
7612:
7607:
7600:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7569:
7553:
7549:
7548:
7547:The Scientist
7543:
7536:
7529:
7524:
7516:
7512:
7511:Physics World
7508:
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7471:
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7451:
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7443:
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7394:
7378:
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7370:
7364:
7348:
7344:
7340:
7334:
7327:
7322:
7306:
7302:
7298:
7292:
7276:
7272:
7268:
7261:
7245:
7241:
7240:
7235:
7228:
7212:
7208:
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7187:
7171:
7167:
7163:
7157:
7150:
7145:
7129:
7125:
7121:
7114:
7098:
7094:
7090:
7083:
7076:
7071:
7055:
7051:
7047:
7040:
7038:
7030:
7025:
7009:
7005:
6998:
6996:
6979:
6975:
6972:
6965:
6958:
6953:
6937:
6933:
6927:
6911:
6907:
6903:
6896:
6880:
6876:
6870:
6854:
6850:
6846:
6840:
6824:
6820:
6816:
6809:
6793:
6789:
6785:
6779:
6763:
6759:
6758:
6753:
6747:
6732:
6728:
6724:
6720:
6713:
6697:
6693:
6687:
6671:
6667:
6663:
6656:
6648:
6636:
6632:
6631:
6626:
6620:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6590:
6574:
6570:
6566:
6559:
6543:
6539:
6535:
6528:
6521:
6516:
6509:
6504:
6497:
6492:
6476:
6472:
6468:
6461:
6454:
6449:
6442:
6437:
6421:
6417:
6413:
6406:
6390:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6373:
6366:
6361:
6354:
6349:
6333:
6329:
6325:
6319:
6303:
6299:
6295:
6289:
6273:
6269:
6263:
6247:
6243:
6239:
6233:
6217:
6213:
6209:
6202:
6195:
6190:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6160:
6144:
6140:
6139:
6134:
6127:
6111:
6107:
6103:
6099:
6098:
6093:
6087:
6071:
6067:
6066:
6061:
6055:
6040:
6034:
6030:
6029:
6021:
6014:
6009:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5979:
5964:
5958:
5954:
5949:
5948:
5939:
5932:
5927:
5925:
5923:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5886:
5879:
5874:
5867:
5862:
5855:
5850:
5843:
5838:
5831:
5826:
5819:
5814:
5807:
5802:
5786:
5782:
5777:
5770:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5740:
5724:
5720:
5716:
5710:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5661:
5642:
5635:
5628:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5597:
5581:
5577:
5573:
5566:
5559:
5554:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5524:
5508:
5504:
5498:
5479:
5475:
5468:
5462:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5431:
5424:
5419:
5412:
5407:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5377:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5346:
5330:
5326:
5322:
5316:
5300:
5296:
5289:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5269:Linus Pauling
5266:
5262:
5259:
5254:
5247:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5221:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5205:
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5177:
5173:
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5160:
5153:
5148:
5141:
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5133:
5128:
5112:
5108:
5104:
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5082:
5078:
5077:
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5023:
5007:
5003:
5002:
4997:
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4958:
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4909:
4901:
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4313:
4308:
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3171:
3170:Nobel Library
3168:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
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3141:
3138:
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3071:
3070:Sweden portal
3060:
3057:
3056:Norway portal
3046:
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3032:
3019:
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3006:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2980:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2947:
2945:
2944:Nobel disease
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2888:
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2882:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2870:
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2848:
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2826:
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2720:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2662:Myron Scholes
2659:
2658:Fischer Black
2654:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2624:Michael Karas
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2604:Koichi Tanaka
2599:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2577:Chinua Achebe
2574:
2570:
2569:Arthur Miller
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2529:Marcel Proust
2526:
2522:
2518:
2517:Anton Chekhov
2514:
2510:
2509:Peter Englund
2505:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2461:Ken Saro-Wiwa
2458:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2424:
2422:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2408:, an icon of
2407:
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2281:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2236:Yitzhak Rabin
2233:
2229:
2228:Yasser Arafat
2225:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2214:North Vietnam
2211:
2207:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2159:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2132:This section
2130:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2087:Benjamin List
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2067:Frits Zernike
2064:
2063:Kenneth Arrow
2060:
2056:
2052:
2051:Gunnar Myrdal
2048:
2044:
2043:Jan Tinbergen
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2003:Ulf von Euler
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1973:and his son,
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1955:J. J. Thomson
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1849:chemical bond
1846:
1845:Linus Pauling
1842:
1838:
1837:radioactivity
1834:
1826:
1822:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1779:
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1721:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1691:Gunnar Myrdal
1689:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
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1640:
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1623:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1587:(2001, 2022).
1586:
1582:
1579:
1577:(1954, 1981).
1576:
1572:
1569:
1567:(1958, 1980).
1566:
1562:
1559:
1557:(1956, 1972).
1556:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1537:Linus Pauling
1535:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1499:, as of 2022.
1498:
1494:
1493:United States
1491:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1479:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1462:Linus Pauling
1460:
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1458:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1442:
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1438:
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1429:
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1421:
1420:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1314:
1313:Yitzhak Rabin
1310:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1294:Nobel lecture
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1260:Nobel Banquet
1256:
1251:
1250:Nobel Banquet
1244:Nobel Banquet
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1154:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:Yitzhak Rabin
1110:
1109:Yasser Arafat
1106:
1102:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1034:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
994:
989:
974:
973:Peter Englund
970:
946:
942:
941:Gunnar Öquist
938:
915:
910:Award process
907:
905:
904:Ragnar Frisch
901:
900:Jan Tinbergen
897:
893:
884:
879:
869:
866:
860:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
751:
749:
742:
738:
734:
730:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:board members
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
631:
629:
624:
620:
616:
611:
607:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
571:
564:
559:
554:
539:
537:
536:King Oscar II
533:
529:
525:
521:
518:to award the
517:
512:
510:
506:
503:of the will,
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
432:
428:
424:
420:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
386:
382:
373:
369:
367:
363:
359:
356:
353:, receives a
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
334:, endowed by
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
290:
284:
277:
273:
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:
246:
219:
209:
203:
199:
195:
191:
177:
175:First awarded
173:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
123:
119:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
46:
41:
36:
30:
19:
10085:Alfred Nobel
10048:
9840:
9765:Alfred Nobel
9286:by continent
9087:Nobel Prizes
9086:
8936:
8913:. Retrieved
8893:
8874:10.1142/7789
8865:
8856:
8841:. Retrieved
8821:
8808:. Retrieved
8788:
8775:. Retrieved
8759:Publishing.
8747:
8734:. Retrieved
8714:
8693:
8680:. Retrieved
8660:
8647:. Retrieved
8623:
8602:
8585:
8577:free content
8569:
8551:. Retrieved
8536:
8522:
8503:
8462:
8458:
8452:
8440:. Retrieved
8436:the original
8426:
8414:. Retrieved
8405:
8396:
8384:. Retrieved
8373:
8363:
8351:. Retrieved
8347:the original
8342:
8332:
8304:
8297:
8285:. Retrieved
8276:
8267:
8240:
8234:
8222:. Retrieved
8211:
8186:. Retrieved
8177:
8167:
8157:20 September
8155:. Retrieved
8151:the original
8137:
8129:the original
8119:
8107:. Retrieved
8093:
8081:. Retrieved
8070:
8060:
8035:
8027:
8015:. Retrieved
7999:The Guardian
7998:
7988:
7976:. Retrieved
7967:
7957:
7945:. Retrieved
7934:
7924:
7912:. Retrieved
7903:
7894:
7877:
7873:
7856:
7852:
7840:. Retrieved
7814:
7808:
7791:
7787:
7775:. Retrieved
7745:
7741:
7728:
7693:
7689:
7679:
7667:
7645:(9): 26–32.
7642:
7638:
7632:
7620:. Retrieved
7609:
7599:
7587:. Retrieved
7578:
7568:
7556:. Retrieved
7545:
7535:
7523:
7515:the original
7510:
7500:
7488:. Retrieved
7479:
7470:
7458:. Retrieved
7433:
7423:
7411:. Retrieved
7402:
7393:
7381:. Retrieved
7372:
7363:
7351:. Retrieved
7342:
7333:
7328:, pp. 56–57.
7321:
7309:. Retrieved
7301:The Guardian
7300:
7291:
7279:. Retrieved
7275:the original
7270:
7260:
7248:. Retrieved
7237:
7227:
7215:. Retrieved
7194:
7186:
7174:. Retrieved
7165:
7156:
7144:
7132:. Retrieved
7123:
7113:
7101:. Retrieved
7082:
7070:
7058:. Retrieved
7054:the original
7049:
7024:
7012:. Retrieved
6982:. Retrieved
6974:The Guardian
6973:
6964:
6952:
6940:. Retrieved
6926:
6914:. Retrieved
6906:The Guardian
6905:
6895:
6883:. Retrieved
6869:
6857:. Retrieved
6848:
6839:
6827:. Retrieved
6818:
6808:
6796:. Retrieved
6787:
6778:
6766:. Retrieved
6755:
6746:
6734:. Retrieved
6723:The Guardian
6722:
6712:
6700:. Retrieved
6695:
6686:
6674:. Retrieved
6665:
6655:
6645:– via
6639:. Retrieved
6628:
6619:
6607:. Retrieved
6598:
6589:
6577:. Retrieved
6573:the original
6568:
6558:
6546:. Retrieved
6537:
6527:
6515:
6510:, pp. 15–16.
6503:
6491:
6481:26 September
6479:. Retrieved
6471:The Guardian
6470:
6460:
6448:
6436:
6424:. Retrieved
6420:the original
6415:
6405:
6393:. Retrieved
6382:
6372:
6360:
6348:
6336:. Retrieved
6327:
6318:
6306:. Retrieved
6297:
6288:
6276:. Retrieved
6262:
6250:. Retrieved
6241:
6232:
6220:. Retrieved
6216:the original
6211:
6201:
6189:
6177:. Retrieved
6159:
6147:. Retrieved
6136:
6126:
6114:. Retrieved
6095:
6086:
6074:. Retrieved
6070:the original
6063:
6054:
6042:. Retrieved
6027:
6020:
6008:
5996:. Retrieved
5987:
5978:
5966:. Retrieved
5946:
5938:
5903:. Retrieved
5894:
5885:
5873:
5861:
5849:
5837:
5825:
5813:
5801:
5789:. Retrieved
5780:
5769:
5757:. Retrieved
5748:
5739:
5727:. Retrieved
5718:
5709:
5674:
5670:
5660:
5648:. Retrieved
5641:the original
5627:
5615:. Retrieved
5607:The Guardian
5606:
5596:
5584:. Retrieved
5576:The Guardian
5575:
5565:
5553:
5541:. Retrieved
5537:the original
5532:
5523:
5511:. Retrieved
5507:the original
5497:
5485:. Retrieved
5478:the original
5473:
5461:
5449:. Retrieved
5440:
5430:
5418:
5406:
5394:. Retrieved
5385:
5376:
5364:. Retrieved
5355:
5345:
5333:. Retrieved
5329:the original
5315:
5303:. Retrieved
5288:
5272:
5253:
5224:. Retrieved
5220:the original
5213:
5204:
5192:
5180:. Retrieved
5171:The Guardian
5169:
5159:
5154:, pp. 18–19.
5147:
5127:
5115:. Retrieved
5106:
5097:
5085:. Retrieved
5081:the original
5074:
5065:
5053:. Retrieved
5049:the original
5034:
5029:, pp. 21–23.
5022:
5010:. Retrieved
5006:the original
4999:
4975:. Retrieved
4971:the original
4957:
4922:
4918:
4908:
4863:
4859:
4852:
4840:. Retrieved
4833:the original
4816:
4804:. Retrieved
4786:
4774:. Retrieved
4767:the original
4762:
4758:
4742:
4730:. Retrieved
4721:
4712:
4700:. Retrieved
4682:
4670:
4658:
4646:. Retrieved
4628:
4616:. Retrieved
4612:the original
4605:
4595:
4583:. Retrieved
4571:"Peace 2008"
4565:
4553:. Retrieved
4535:
4523:. Retrieved
4505:
4493:. Retrieved
4484:
4475:
4432:
4429:EMBO Reports
4428:
4403:
4391:
4379:. Retrieved
4361:
4349:. Retrieved
4331:
4319:
4307:
4302:, pp. 25–28.
4295:
4283:
4271:. Retrieved
4267:the original
4253:
4224:
4212:
4207:, pp. 16–17.
4185:
4173:
4161:
4149:
4137:. Retrieved
4119:
4107:
4080:
4068:
4056:
4044:
4032:
4020:
4008:
3996:
3984:
3972:
3960:. Retrieved
3956:the original
3951:Handelsblatt
3949:
3940:
3928:. Retrieved
3917:
3897:, pp. 15–17.
3882:, pp. 17–18.
3875:
3863:
3851:
3839:. Retrieved
3828:
3819:
3807:
3799:
3792:. Retrieved
3783:
3774:
3762:
3750:
3745:, pp. 13–25.
3738:
3726:. Retrieved
3717:
3708:
3696:
3684:. Retrieved
3675:
3651:. Retrieved
3644:the original
3637:
3627:
3615:
3603:
3591:. Retrieved
3582:
3572:
3560:. Retrieved
3545:
3533:. Retrieved
3522:
3512:
3500:
3488:
3480:
3465:
3453:. Retrieved
3442:
3418:. Retrieved
3414:the original
3403:
3391:
3378:. Retrieved
3374:the original
3357:
3345:. Retrieved
3331:
3319:. Retrieved
3301:
3291:29 September
3289:. Retrieved
3280:
3256:. Retrieved
3247:
3219:. Retrieved
3210:
3201:
3131:Fields Medal
3013:
3009:adding to it
3004:
2974:
2970:adding to it
2965:
2921:
2904:
2902:
2895:
2885:
2879:
2878:(2007), and
2873:
2867:
2865:
2841:
2833:
2821:Richard Kuhn
2817:Adolf Hitler
2814:
2791:
2783:Richard Kuhn
2765:
2739:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2673:Lise Meitner
2670:
2655:
2632:
2600:
2584:Gaston Ramon
2581:
2501:
2481:
2457:Václav Havel
2446:
2444:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2403:
2366:
2344:
2307:Peter Handke
2300:
2297:Herta Müller
2293:Knut Ahnlund
2286:
2267:
2255:Jimmy Carter
2244:Barack Obama
2241:
2232:Shimon Peres
2226:
2203:
2194:Eurocentrism
2191:
2153:
2133:
2103:John Clauser
2095:Svante Pääbo
2079:Esther Duflo
1995:Kai Siegbahn
1951:John O'Keefe
1947:Edvard Moser
1932:
1912:Pierre Curie
1904:Curie family
1901:
1885:
1857:John Bardeen
1830:
1744:
1733:). Received
1729:(along with
1723:Esther Duflo
1655:). Received
1651:(along with
1649:Pierre Curie
1629:
1592:
1551:John Bardeen
1506:
1477:
1456:
1439:
1422:
1411:
1402:
1393:Nazi Germany
1381:James Franck
1377:Max von Laue
1365:
1358:
1350:
1306:
1297:
1265:
1262:in Stockholm
1223:
1195:
1184:Barack Obama
1133:
1129:Barack Obama
1121:Oslo Accords
1117:Shimon Peres
1097:
1076:
1040:
1031:
1022:– Literature
1001:
986:
913:
889:
861:
845:Richard Kuhn
837:Adolf Hitler
834:
810:
779:
767:cathode rays
752:
745:
703:
680:
647:institutions
632:
627:
603:Nobel family
591:oil business
587:Ludvig Nobel
572:
568:
513:
465:
442:
419:manufacturer
392:Alfred Nobel
390:
385:Alfred Nobel
370:
348:
300:Alfred Nobel
218:Nobel Prizes
217:
215:
142:(Literature)
121:Presented by
29:
18:Nobel Prizes
10075:Nobel Prize
9841:Nobel Prize
9588:Individuals
9290:nationality
9036:Nobel Prize
8915:18 November
8843:18 November
8810:18 November
8777:18 November
8736:18 November
8682:18 November
8649:18 November
8553:24 December
8083:12 December
8017:12 December
7978:12 December
7947:12 December
7914:12 December
7217:18 November
7176:25 February
6252:16 December
6044:25 December
5968:25 December
5650:10 February
5617:10 February
5560:, pp. 8–10.
5226:15 December
4776:27 February
4618:27 December
4495:19 February
4485:Scienceline
4435:(2): 83–5.
4381:10 February
3593:30 November
3562:30 November
3248:Nobel Prize
3211:Nobel Prize
2767:Peter Nobel
2751:gender bias
2724:Marie Curie
2647:Peter Higgs
2565:John Updike
2549:Karel Čapek
2537:James Joyce
2513:Leo Tolstoy
2504:Adam Kirsch
2489:Gunnar Jahn
2410:nonviolence
2395:James Joyce
2315:Hari Kunzru
2218:Vietnam War
2200:Peace Prize
2061:(1970) and
2055:Alva Myrdal
2007:C. V. Raman
1997:, in 1981.
1908:Marie Curie
1833:Marie Curie
1825:Marie Curie
1715:. Received
1699:Alva Myrdal
1683:. Received
1669:. Received
1645:Marie Curie
1620:; received
1610:; received
1600:; received
1543:(1954) and
1519:(1903) and
1513:Marie Curie
1468:(1954) and
1408:Award money
1341:Fritz Haber
1174:presenting
1125:controversy
983:Nominations
841:Third Reich
786:Leo Tolstoy
765:'s work on
699:real estate
695:hedge funds
691:investments
520:Peace Prize
328:sixth prize
276:Nobelprisen
263:Nobelpriset
66:Awarded for
55:Mayo Clinic
38:Nobel Prize
10069:Categories
9881:Literature
9722:Literature
9580:Literature
9563:by subject
9509:ETH Zurich
9475:Venezuelan
9440:Australian
9355:Vietnamese
9233:population
9207:Literature
9190:by subject
9129:Literature
9018:Audio help
9009:2016-11-02
8386:21 January
8353:21 January
8261:required.)
8224:21 January
8188:21 January
8109:20 October
7777:25 October
7558:28 October
7528:Levinovitz
7311:3 February
7134:4 November
7103:24 October
7060:24 October
7029:Levinovitz
7014:24 October
6976:. London.
6668:. London.
6496:Levinovitz
6338:23 October
6328:www.mpg.de
6222:24 January
6179:24 January
6149:24 January
6076:24 January
5998:28 January
5905:21 January
5791:15 January
5609:. London.
5586:15 January
5578:. London.
5513:15 January
5396:21 January
5366:21 January
5335:21 January
5215:Myntverket
5182:20 January
5174:. London.
5087:16 January
5055:16 January
5027:Levinovitz
5012:16 January
4977:16 January
4925:(7): 509.
4866:(2): 401.
4842:15 January
4648:15 January
4585:15 January
4555:15 January
4525:15 January
4396:Levinovitz
4300:Levinovitz
4217:Levinovitz
4190:Levinovitz
4178:Levinovitz
4139:15 January
4100:Levinovitz
4049:Levinovitz
4025:Levinovitz
4001:Levinovitz
3895:Levinovitz
3880:Levinovitz
3856:Levinovitz
3812:Levinovitz
3794:8 November
3743:Levinovitz
3728:7 December
3653:21 January
3535:15 January
3505:Levinovitz
3493:Levinovitz
3258:8 December
3193:References
3137:Abel Prize
2932:homeopathy
2887:Nobel Chor
2851:Liu Xiaobo
2798:Lê Đức Thọ
2730:See also:
2643:Tom Kibble
2635:Carl Hagen
2596:Otto Stern
2573:Mark Twain
2561:Ezra Pound
2525:Émile Zola
2473:Liu Xiaobo
2222:Tom Lehrer
2210:Lê Đức Thọ
2136:unbalanced
1983:Niels Bohr
1935:Gerty Cori
1861:transistor
1790:Literature
1677:Gerty Cori
1417:Statistics
1389:aqua regia
1372:green gold
1354:Myntverket
1211:auditorium
1180:Aula Magna
1105:Kofi Annan
811:The first
806:diphtheria
595:Azerbaijan
485:literature
477:physiology
423:ballistite
355:green gold
320:Literature
279:Norwegian:
206:nobelprize
185:1901-12-10
161:green gold
83:Literature
9945:(Hungary)
9894:Jon Fosse
9850:Chemistry
9843:laureates
9717:Economics
9712:Chemistry
9668:Economics
9663:Chemistry
9646:Clarivate
9618:by groups
9575:Economics
9570:Chemistry
9470:Brazilian
9465:Argentine
9436:Oceanian
9385:Hungarian
9361:European
9350:Pakistani
9252:Christian
9202:Economics
9197:Chemistry
9163:Laureates
9124:Economics
9119:Chemistry
8697:. Corgi.
8479:0963-6625
8343:The Times
8324:450899218
8007:0261-3077
7750:CiteSeerX
7490:7 January
7460:7 January
7450:165001434
7413:7 January
7383:7 January
7353:7 January
7199:. Hurst.
6731:0261-3077
6676:6 January
6666:The Times
6609:9 October
6569:The Times
6498:, p. 183.
6455:, p. 315.
6443:, p. 219.
6416:The Times
6355:, p. xiv.
6106:0140-0460
6097:The Times
6065:The Times
5933:, p. 405.
5880:, p. 313.
5856:, p. 149.
5832:, p. 222.
5808:, p. 180.
5533:The Local
5487:6 October
5413:, p. 397.
5140:0031-8213
5076:The Local
5001:The Local
4878:CiteSeerX
4873:0808.2517
4732:31 August
4702:31 August
4665:, p. 330.
4449:1469-221X
4398:, p. 125.
4351:8 October
4180:, p. 207.
4168:, p. 343.
4087:, p. 233.
4051:, p. 144.
4039:, p. 205.
4015:, p. 118.
3979:, p. 134.
3757:, pp. 7–8
3455:3 October
3420:9 October
3321:6 October
3221:4 October
2875:Nobel Son
2869:The Prize
2834:In 1958,
2819:hindered
2681:Otto Hahn
2608:John Fenn
2553:New World
2441:question.
2404:Although
2148:talk page
1987:Aage Bohr
1959:electrons
1853:structure
1766:Chemistry
1701:received
1693:received
1681:Carl Cori
1268:Blue Hall
1059:Economics
998:Selection
967:The 2009
804:to treat
802:antitoxin
710:symposium
599:historian
501:executors
473:chemistry
459:, from a
416:armaments
396:Stockholm
312:Chemistry
272:Norwegian
156:Reward(s)
87:Economics
75:Chemistry
9951:(France)
9939:(France)
9896:(Norway)
9537:Nominees
9450:American
9405:Romanian
9340:Japanese
9325:Filipino
9303:Egyptian
9020: ·
8935:(1983).
8909:Archived
8855:(1983).
8837:Archived
8804:Archived
8771:Archived
8730:Archived
8676:Archived
8643:Archived
8547:Archived
8511:Archived
8495:19223540
8487:29720058
8442:31 March
8410:Archived
8380:Archived
8281:Archived
8218:Archived
8182:Archived
8103:Archived
8077:Archived
8011:Archived
7972:Archived
7941:Archived
7908:Archived
7904:CBC News
7882:Archived
7861:Archived
7833:Archived
7796:Archived
7768:Archived
7720:17687300
7622:18 March
7616:Archived
7583:Archived
7552:Archived
7530:, p. 61.
7484:Archived
7454:Archived
7407:Archived
7377:Archived
7347:Archived
7305:Archived
7250:31 March
7244:Archived
7211:Archived
7170:Archived
7128:Archived
7097:Archived
7008:Archived
6984:31 March
6978:Archived
6936:Archived
6910:Archived
6879:Archived
6859:31 March
6853:Archived
6823:Archived
6792:Archived
6788:BBC News
6768:18 March
6762:Archived
6696:BBC News
6670:Archived
6635:Archived
6603:Archived
6542:Archived
6475:Archived
6389:Archived
6367:, p. 65.
6332:Archived
6302:Archived
6272:Archived
6246:Archived
6196:, p. 406
6173:Archived
6143:Archived
6116:11 April
6110:Archived
5992:Archived
5899:Archived
5895:BBC News
5844:, p. 84.
5820:, p. 78.
5785:Archived
5753:Archived
5723:Archived
5701:30015190
5693:17077294
5611:Archived
5580:Archived
5451:12 March
5445:Archived
5425:, p. 18.
5390:Archived
5360:Archived
5299:Archived
5261:Archived
5176:Archived
5111:Archived
4949:21378920
4900:23293903
4800:Archived
4798:. 1983.
4726:Archived
4722:BBC News
4696:Archived
4677:, p. 27.
4642:Archived
4579:Archived
4549:Archived
4519:Archived
4489:Archived
4467:11258715
4410:, p. 25.
4375:Archived
4345:Archived
4290:, p. 52.
4248:, p. 315
4231:, p. 15.
4219:, p. 26.
4192:, p. 20.
4156:, p. 23.
4133:Archived
4114:, p. 85.
4063:, p. 69.
4027:, p. 81.
4013:Crawford
4003:, p. 77.
3962:19 March
3930:18 March
3924:Archived
3870:, p. 16.
3858:, p. 15.
3841:18 March
3835:Archived
3814:, p. 14.
3788:Archived
3767:Crawford
3722:Archived
3680:Archived
3610:, p. 13.
3587:Archived
3556:Archived
3529:Archived
3507:, p. 11.
3473:Archived
3449:Archived
3444:CBC News
3380:29 March
3341:Archived
3315:Archived
3285:Archived
3252:Archived
3215:Archived
3028:See also
3016:May 2024
2977:May 2024
2881:The Wife
2872:(1963),
2862:Cultural
2156:May 2024
1697:(1974),
1399:Diplomas
1288:Storting
1238:Oscar II
1232:and the
671:auditors
663:trustees
659:deputies
643:trustees
532:statutes
493:Storting
481:medicine
445:obituary
438:dynamite
408:inventor
404:engineer
351:laureate
9929:Physics
9753:Related
9727:Physics
9673:Physics
9600:Physics
9549:Couples
9455:Mexican
9420:Swedish
9415:Spanish
9410:Russian
9395:Italian
9365:Belgian
9335:Israeli
9320:Chinese
9298:African
9242:Bengali
9217:Physics
9181:by year
9139:Physics
9007: (
8978:minutes
8957:8195995
8566:Sources
8416:28 July
7698:Bibcode
7647:Bibcode
7326:Feldman
7281:2 April
6957:Feldman
6942:28 June
6916:28 June
6885:28 June
6829:1 April
6798:1 April
6641:1 April
6599:Reuters
6548:1 April
6508:Feldman
6395:9 March
6365:Feldman
6308:9 March
6194:Feldman
6015:, p. 91
6013:Gribbin
5931:Feldman
5878:Feldman
5830:Feldman
5806:Feldman
5759:29 July
5543:12 June
5411:Feldman
5386:Reuters
5305:2 April
5248:, p. 2.
5246:Feldman
4927:Bibcode
4806:11 June
4458:1083830
4288:Feldman
4273:3 March
4246:Feldman
4205:Feldman
4166:Feldman
4112:Wilhelm
4102:, p. 23
4073:Feldman
4061:Feldman
4037:Feldman
3977:Feldman
3868:Feldman
3769:, p. 1.
3703:, p. 7.
3686:14 June
3622:, p. 7.
3620:Sohlman
3608:Sohlman
3495:, p. 5.
3398:, p. 8.
3347:25 June
2917:Ukraine
2616:protein
2484:U Thant
2273:Myanmar
2263:liberal
2259:Al Gore
2247:in 2009
2142:Please
2134:may be
1873:insulin
1754:Physics
1737:(2019).
1719:(2014).
1705:(1982).
1687:(1947).
1673:(1935).
1659:(1903).
1624:(2011).
1614:(1961).
1604:(1931).
1547:(1962).
1523:(1911).
1472:(1962).
1451:(2019).
1434:(2014).
1361:obverse
1345:ammonia
1270:at the
1213:of the
1190:in 2009
1170:Right:
1028:– Peace
606:archive
469:physics
434:lawsuit
427:cordite
400:chemist
376:History
362:diploma
308:Physics
296:Swedish
259:Swedish
201:Website
183: (
148:(Peace)
98:Country
71:Physics
9920:(Iran)
9656:Female
9624:Peace
9584:Peace
9400:Polish
9375:German
9370:Danish
9345:Korean
9330:Indian
9272:Muslim
9262:Jewish
9257:Female
9112:Prizes
8955:
8945:
8901:
8880:
8829:
8796:
8763:
8722:
8701:
8668:
8635:
8610:
8493:
8485:
8477:
8322:
8312:
8287:22 May
8255:
8072:Medium
8048:
8005:
7968:Quartz
7825:
7752:
7748:: 73.
7718:
7690:Nature
7589:8 June
7448:
7434:Nature
7203:
7075:Abrams
6736:7 June
6729:
6702:7 June
6579:25 May
6520:Abrams
6453:Abrams
6441:Abrams
6426:25 May
6353:Abrams
6298:News18
6278:5 July
6104:
6035:
5959:
5955:–110.
5866:Abrams
5854:Abrams
5842:Abrams
5818:Shalev
5729:13 May
5699:
5691:
5558:Abrams
5423:Abrams
5275:, the
5152:Abrams
5138:
5117:5 June
4947:
4898:
4880:
4675:Abrams
4663:Abrams
4465:
4455:
4447:
4408:Abrams
4326:, p. 9
4324:Abrams
4314:, p. 8
4312:Abrams
4229:Abrams
4154:Abrams
3755:Abrams
3701:Abrams
3396:Shalev
2913:Dnipro
2857:Impact
2827:, and
2714:Gender
2703:Nature
2641:, and
2551:, the
2493:UNICEF
2471:, and
2327:Turkey
2325:, and
2323:Kosovo
2265:bias.
2234:, and
1928:UNICEF
1841:radium
1326:Medals
1321:Prizes
1115:, and
851:, and
759:X-rays
706:kronor
693:(e.g.
685:, 20%
683:shares
628:kronor
583:Robert
497:Norway
487:, and
449:Ludvig
412:Bofors
406:, and
336:Sweden
322:, and
111:Norway
105:Sweden
10049:2023
9905:Peace
9839:2023
9554:Women
9430:Welsh
9425:Swiss
9390:Irish
9380:Greek
9315:Asian
9247:Black
9235:group
9212:Peace
9134:Peace
8593:Books
8491:S2CID
8178:Slate
7842:3 May
7836:(PDF)
7819:(PDF)
7771:(PDF)
7738:(PDF)
7446:S2CID
7239:Slate
6757:Today
5697:S2CID
5644:(PDF)
5637:(PDF)
5481:(PDF)
5470:(PDF)
4896:S2CID
4868:arXiv
4836:(PDF)
4825:(PDF)
4770:(PDF)
4755:(PDF)
4085:Leroy
3989:Leroy
3647:(PDF)
3366:(PDF)
2847:Burma
2685:Nazis
2019:Roger
1802:Peace
1368:carat
741:X-ray
687:bonds
649:. An
489:peace
358:medal
324:Peace
91:Peace
32:Award
10054:2024
10044:2022
10039:2021
10034:2020
10029:2019
10024:2018
9994:2023
9964:2023
9909:2023
9885:2023
9288:and
8953:OCLC
8943:ISBN
8917:2020
8899:ISBN
8878:ISBN
8845:2020
8827:ISBN
8812:2020
8794:ISBN
8779:2020
8761:ISBN
8755:and
8738:2020
8720:ISBN
8699:ISBN
8684:2020
8666:ISBN
8651:2020
8633:ISBN
8608:ISBN
8555:2020
8483:PMID
8475:ISSN
8444:2015
8418:2012
8388:2010
8355:2010
8320:OCLC
8310:ISBN
8289:2022
8226:2010
8190:2010
8159:2021
8111:2014
8085:2018
8046:ISBN
8019:2018
8003:ISSN
7980:2018
7949:2018
7916:2018
7844:2017
7823:ISBN
7779:2017
7716:PMID
7624:2019
7591:2010
7560:2006
7492:2017
7462:2017
7415:2017
7385:2017
7355:2017
7313:2010
7283:2010
7252:2010
7219:2020
7201:ISBN
7178:2014
7136:2022
7105:2020
7062:2020
7016:2020
6986:2010
6944:2022
6918:2022
6887:2022
6861:2010
6831:2010
6800:2010
6770:2019
6738:2024
6727:ISSN
6704:2024
6678:2022
6643:2010
6611:2009
6581:2010
6550:2010
6483:2020
6428:2010
6397:2010
6340:2021
6310:2020
6280:2017
6254:2021
6224:2010
6181:2010
6151:2010
6118:2022
6102:ISSN
6078:2010
6046:2012
6033:ISBN
6000:2015
5970:2012
5957:ISBN
5907:2010
5793:2010
5761:2020
5731:2020
5689:PMID
5652:2010
5619:2010
5588:2010
5545:2012
5515:2010
5489:2014
5453:2010
5398:2010
5368:2010
5337:2010
5307:2010
5228:2007
5184:2010
5136:ISSN
5119:2017
5089:2010
5057:2010
5014:2010
4979:2010
4945:PMID
4844:2010
4808:2010
4778:2008
4734:2022
4704:2022
4692:CNBC
4650:2010
4620:2008
4587:2010
4557:2010
4527:2010
4497:2010
4463:PMID
4445:ISSN
4383:2010
4353:2012
4275:2010
4141:2010
3964:2019
3932:2019
3843:2019
3796:2021
3730:2015
3688:2017
3655:2010
3595:2023
3564:2023
3537:2021
3524:Time
3457:2011
3422:2010
3382:2018
3349:2018
3323:2022
3293:2023
3260:2020
3223:2021
2742:STEM
2734:and
2706:and
2675:and
2649:and
2622:and
2606:and
2313:and
2257:and
2208:and
2186:1973
2077:and
1945:and
1937:and
1902:The
1379:and
1123:. A
902:and
865:Oslo
761:and
610:Baku
585:and
579:will
573:The
563:will
453:will
330:for
326:. A
251:noh-
216:The
208:.org
89:and
49:The
9644:by
8870:doi
8467:doi
8247:doi
8213:CNN
8042:137
7760:doi
7706:doi
7694:448
7655:doi
7438:doi
5953:108
5679:doi
4935:doi
4888:doi
4453:PMC
4437:doi
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