Noh - Knowledge

2400: 1997: 2733: 1982: 1069: 2140: 2158: 2124: 2092: 2190: 2108: 2206: 2174: 1386: 2070: 2224: 136: 2023:"), and painted with natural pigments on a neutral base of glue and crushed seashell. There are approximately 450 different masks mostly based on sixty types, all of which have distinctive names. Some masks are representative and frequently used in many different plays, while some are very specific and may only be used in one or two plays. Noh masks signify the characters' gender, age, and social ranking, and by wearing masks the actors may portray youngsters, old men, female, or nonhuman ( 1058: 2247: 1578: 2255: 2043:

masks, actors are able to convey emotions in a more controlled manner through movements and body language. Some masks utilize lighting effect to convey different emotions through slight tilting of the head. Facing slightly upward, or "brightening" the mask, will let the mask to capture more light, revealing more features that appear laughing or smiling. Facing downward, or "clouding" it, will cause the mask to appear sad or mad.

3465: – Yeats wrote an essay on Noh titled "Certain Noble Plays of Japan" in 1916. As much as he tried to learn Noh, there were limited resources available in England at the time. The lack of complete understanding of Noh led him to create innovative works guided by his own imagination and what he fantasized Noh to be. Yeats wrote four plays heavily influenced by Noh, using ghosts or supernatural beings as the central 920: 167: 2523: 1682: 2492:(the sash). The fan is usually placed at the performer's side when he or she takes position, and is often not taken up again until leaving the stage. During dance sequences, the fan is typically used to represent any and all hand-held props, such as a sword, wine jug, flute, or writing brush. The fan may represent various objects over the course of a single play. 56: 1992:). Made of red and black lacquered wood, with red silk tying cord, by Himi Munetada (氷見宗忠). Edo period, 19th century. Left: Nakizo, representing a female deity or woman of high rank, associated with Nō plays such as Hagoromo and Ohara Miyuki. Made of lacquered and painted wood by Norinari (憲成), designed by Zoami (増阿弥). 18th–19th century. 3686:. Because there are no curtains on the stage, the performance begins with the actors entering the stage and ends with their leaving the stage. The house lights are usually kept on during the performances, creating an intimate feel that provides a shared experience between the performers and the audience. 2634:

Of the roughly 2000 plays created for Noh that are known today, about 240 make up the current repertoire performed by the five existing Noh schools. The current repertoire is heavily influenced by the taste of aristocratic class in Tokugawa period and does not necessarily reflect popularity among the

2046:

Noh masks are treasured by Noh families and institutions, and the powerful Noh schools hold the oldest and most valuable Noh masks in their private collections, rarely seen by the public. The most ancient mask is supposedly kept as a hidden treasure by the oldest school, the Konparu. According to the

2501:

who fulfill a similar role to stage crew in contemporary theatre. Like their Western counterparts, stage attendants for Noh traditionally dress in black, but unlike in Western theatre they may appear on stage during a scene, or may remain on stage during an entire performance, in both cases in plain

1295:

reinterpreted various traditional performing arts and completed Noh in a significantly different form from the traditional one, essentially bringing Noh to the present form. Kan'ami was a renowned actor with great versatility playing roles from graceful women and 12-year-old boys to strong men. When

2509:

Set pieces in Noh such as the boats, wells, altars, and bells, are typically carried onto the stage before the beginning of the act in which they are needed. These props normally are only outlines to suggest actual objects, although the great bell, a perennial exception to most Noh rules for props,

2439:

For centuries, in accordance with the vision of Zeami, Noh costumes emulated the clothing that the characters would genuinely wear, such as the formal robes for a courtier and the street clothing for a peasant or commoner. But in the late sixteenth century, the costumes became stylized with certain

1038:

Noh is often based on tales from traditional literature with a supernatural being transformed into human form as a hero narrating a story. Noh integrates masks, costumes and various props in a dance-based performance, requiring highly trained actors and musicians. Emotions are primarily conveyed by

1365:

popular to the middle class focused on new and experimental entertainment, Noh strived to preserve its established high standards and historic authenticity and remained mostly unchanged throughout the era. To capture the essence of performances given by great masters, every detail in movements and

2621:

The chant is not always performed "in character"; that is, sometimes the actor will speak lines or describe events from the perspective of another character or even a disinterested narrator. Far from breaking the rhythm of the performance, this is actually in keeping with the otherworldly feel of

2297:) has complete openness that provides a shared experience between the performers and the audience throughout the performance. Without any proscenium or curtains to obstruct the view, the audience sees each actor even during the moments before they enter (and after they exit) the central "stage" ( 2042:

Even though the mask covers an actor's facial expressions, the use of the mask in Noh is not an abandonment of facial expressions altogether. Rather, its intent is to stylize and codify the facial expressions through the use of the mask and to stimulate the imagination of the audience. By using

3171:

Noh, in which a god or a spirit appears before a secondary character as the protagonist. Ikegami argues that "the dramatic conflict which was much in evidence in Yeats is so completely discarded that Beckett's theatre (where 'nothing happens') comes to look even closer to Noh than Yeats's

2864:

in the role of monsters, goblins, or demons, and are often selected for their bright colors and fast-paced, tense finale movements. Kiri Noh is performed the last in a five-play program. There are roughly 30 plays in this category, most of which are shorter than the plays in the other

2750:

All Noh plays are divided by their themes into the following five categories. This classification is considered the most practical, and is still used in formal programming choices today. Traditionally, a formal 5-play program is composed of a selection from each of the groups.

3236:, without ever having seen a Noh play. Thomas Leabhart states that "Jacques Copeau was drawn instinctively by taste and tendency to a restrained theatre which was based in spirituality." Copeau praised Noh theatre in writing when he finally saw a production in 1930. 3395:

that "the narrative is a bleary mix of Japanese Noh theatre, Ethiopian folk mythology, Greek drama and his own wacky imagination". Will Salmon cites Partch himself writing, "Noh has been for centuries a fine art, one of the most sophisticated the world has known."

2304:

One of the most recognizable characteristic of Noh stage is its independent roof that hangs over the stage even in indoor theatres. Supported by four columns, the roof symbolizes the sanctity of the stage, with its architectural design derived from the worship

1486:, the rules forbidding women from joining various schools and associations in Noh were relaxed. In 1948, the first women joined the Nohgaku Performers' Association. In 2004, the first women joined the Association for Japanese Noh Plays. In 2007, the 3749:

pillar obstructs the view of the stage, the actors are primarily at the corners, not the center, and thus the two aisles are located where the views of the two main actors would be obscured, ensuring a generally clear view regardless of seating.

3693:), the audience claps restrainedly. Between actors, clapping ceases, then begins again as the next actor leaves. Unlike in Western theatre, there is no bowing, nor do the actors return to the stage after having left. A play may end with the 1149:

referred to various types of performance featuring acrobats, song and dance as well as comic sketches. Its subsequent adaptation to Japanese society led to its assimilation of other traditional art forms." Various performing art elements in

2766:

in the role of a deity to tell the mythic story of a shrine or praise a particular god. Many of them structured in two acts, the deity takes a human form in disguise in the first act and reveals the real self in the second act. (e.g.

2000:

Three pictures of the same female mask showing how the expression changes with a tilting of the head. This mask expresses different moods. In these pictures, the mask was affixed to a wall with constant lighting, and only the camera

1401:

both the number of Noh performers and Noh stages greatly diminished. The support from the imperial government was eventually regained partly due to Noh's appeal to foreign diplomats. The companies that remained active throughout the

2399: 2376:

means "suspension bridge", signifying something aerial that connects two separate worlds on a same level. The bridge symbolizes the mythic nature of Noh plays in which otherworldly ghosts and spirits frequently appear. In contrast,

3574:

means tranquil and quiet. Rōjaku is the final stage of performance development of the Noh actor, in which he eliminates all unnecessary action or sound in the performance, leaving only the true essence of the scene or action being

1396:

The fall of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1868 and the formation of a new, modernized government resulted in the end of financial support by the state, and the entire field of Noh experienced major financial crisis. Shortly after the

3634:

Noh is still regularly performed today in public theatres as well as private theatres mostly located in major cities. There are more than 70 Noh theatres throughout Japan, presenting both professional and amateur productions.

104: 3557:

is invisible beauty that is felt rather than seen in a work of art. The term is used specifically in relation to Noh to mean the profound beauty of the transcendental world, including mournful beauty involved in sadness and

2570:". However, the singing in Noh involves a limited tonal range, with lengthy, repetitive passages in a narrow dynamic range. Texts are poetic, relying heavily on the Japanese seven-five rhythm common to nearly all forms of 1201:

of the Noh actors in 14th century indicate they were members of families specializing in the performing arts. According to legend, the Konparu School, which is considered to be the oldest tradition of Noh, was founded by

3666:). Additionally, there are various prefectural and municipal theatres located throughout Japan that present touring professional companies and local amateur companies. In some regions, unique regional Noh such as 3589:(both 心): Defined as "heart," "mind," or both. The kokoro of noh is that which Zeami speaks of in his teachings, and is more easily defined as "mind." To develop hana the actor must enter a state of no-mind, or 1068: 2420:(robes) along with wigs, hats, and props such as the fan. With striking colors, elaborate texture, and intricate weave and embroidery, Noh robes are truly works of art in their own right. Costumes for the 1482:, Noh performers taught wealthy people and nobles, and this led to more opportunities for female performers because women insisted on female teachers. In the early 1900s, after women were allowed to join 3337: – Britten visited Japan in 1956 and saw for the first time Japanese Noh plays, which he called "some of the most wonderful drama I have ever seen." The influences were seen and heard in his ballet 1556:

when one play from each category is selected and performed in order. Each play can be broken into three parts, the introduction, the development, and the conclusion. A play starts out in a slow tempo at

3625:(歌舞一心, "song-dance-one heart"): the theory that the song (including poetry) and dance are two halves of the same whole, and that the Noh actor strives to perform both with total unity of heart and mind. 2139: 2157: 2123: 2091: 1210:

in the 14th century. According to the genealogical chart of the Konparu school, Bishaō Gon no Kami is a descendant after 53 generations of Hata no Kawakatsu. The Konparu school was descended from the

1043:, the text "vividly describes the ordinary people of the twelfth to sixteenth centuries". Having a strong emphasis on tradition rather than innovation, Noh is extremely codified and regulated by the 1613:

Zeami isolated nine levels or types of Noh acting from lower degrees which put emphasis on movement and violence to higher degrees which represent the opening of a flower and spiritual prowess.

2474:

and a waist-coat with exaggerated shoulders. Finally, the stage attendants are garbed in virtually unadorned black garments, much in the same way as stagehands in contemporary Western theatre.

1512:

dictates virtually every element of Noh including compiling of a program of plays, structuring of each play, songs and dances within plays, and the basic rhythms within each Noh performance.

3519:

that never vanishes still remains." The true Noh performer seeks to cultivate a rarefied relationship with his audience similar to the way that one cultivates flowers. What is notable about

1300:, Zeami was a child actor in his play, around age 12. Yoshimitsu fell in love with Zeami and his position of favor at court caused Noh to be performed frequently for Yoshimitsu thereafter. 2051:(572–622) over a thousand years ago. While the historical accuracy of the legend of Prince Shōtoku's mask may be contested, the legend itself is ancient as it is first recorded in Zeami's 2107: 3154: 2189: 3178: – According to Maria P. Alter, Brecht began reading Japanese plays during the middle twenties and have read at least 20 Noh plays translated into German by 1929. Brecht's 1969:

Noh performance combines a variety of elements into a stylistic whole, with each particular element the product of generations of refinement according to the central Buddhist,

1229:

Another theory, by Shinhachirō Matsumoto, suggests Noh originated from outcastes struggling to claim higher social status by catering to those in power, namely the new ruling

3609:(物真似, imitation or mimesis): the intent of a Noh actor to accurately depict the motions of his role, as opposed to purely aesthetic reasons for abstraction or embellishment. 3745:

The audience is seated in front of the stage, to the left side of the stage, and in the corner front-left of stage; these are in order of decreasing desirability. While the

1530:, ancient courtly music, to indicate gradually increasing tempo and was adopted in various Japanese traditions including Noh, tea ceremony, poetry, and flower arrangement. 124: 2815:

in a female role and feature some of the most refined songs and dances in all of Noh, reflecting the smooth and flowing movements representing female characters. (e.g.

2486:, as it is carried by all performers regardless of role. Chorus singers and musicians may carry their fan in hand when entering the stage, or carry it tucked into the 3257: 2365:

tree. This creates the impression that anything that could provide any shading has been banished. To break such monotony and make something happen is no easy thing."

2069: 3430:

in March 2010, "a dance/music event highlighting Xenakis' lifelong interest in Japanese music and theatre". The event featured a female Noh performer, Ryoko Aoki.

1134: 3426: – Xenakis "admired Noh, the venerable theatrical form known for its ritualistic formality and gestural complexity." Electronic Music Foundation presented 1629: 1996: 1258:

s favorite art form, Noh was able to become a courtly art form through this newly formed relationship. In 14th century, with strong support and patronage from

2732: 1206:

in the 6th century. However, the founder of the Konparu school, which is widely accepted among historians, was Bishaō Gon no Kami (Komparu Gonnokami) during

2205: 2723:

Noh (風流能) is little more than a dance piece characterized by elaborate stage action, often involving acrobatics, stage properties, and multiple characters.

1633: 2173: 1119:. Noh is a classical tradition that is highly valued by many today. When used alone, Noh refers to the historical genre of theatre that originated from 3445: 3547:

is a concept valued in various forms of art throughout Japanese culture. Originally used to mean elegance or grace representing the perfect beauty in

2357:

writes that "on the stage of the Noh theatre there are no sets that change with each piece. Neither is there a curtain. There is only a simple panel (

3110: 1306:, who was the great-grandson of Bishaō Gon no Kami, the founder of the Konparu school, and the husband of Zeami's daughter, incorporated elements of 4593: 2879:) is frequently performed at the very beginning of the program, especially at New Year, holidays, and other special occasions. Combining dance with 5037: 4735: 3975: 1490:

began to annually present regular programs by female performers. In 2009, there were about 1200 male and 200 female professional Noh performers.

770: 3498:

Zeami and Zenchiku describe a number of distinct qualities that are thought to be essential to the proper understanding of Noh as an art form.

2871: 2826:

There are about 94 "miscellaneous" plays traditionally performed in the fourth place in a five-play program. These plays include subcategories

3150: 2223: 1581: 4914: 3246:(Huis-Clos) by Jean-Paul Sartre, a Noh version of Sartre's play directed by Guillaume Gallienne at the Noh Tessenkai theatre, Tokyo in 2006. 2793:

pleads to a monk for salvation and the drama culminates in a glorious re-enactment of the scene of his death in a full war costume. (e.g.

1251:

marked the increasing power of the samurai class and strengthened the relationship between the shogunate and the court. As Noh became the

1103:

means "skill", "craft", or "talent", particularly in the field of performing arts in this context. The word Noh may be used alone or with

3990: 3379: – 20th century philosopher, the liner notes from his third song off the 1962 album 'This is IT' state "Watts in a Japanese no-noh." 1373:

appointed Kanze school as the head of the four schools. Kita Shichidayū (Shichidayū Chōnō), a Noh actor of the Konparu school who served

4358: 3936: 3689:

At the end of the play, the actors file out slowly (most important first, with gaps between actors), and while they are on the bridge (

1981: 950: 209: 3902: 4354: 1625: 1430: 1406:

also significantly broadened Noh's reach by catering to the general public, performing at theatres in major cities such as Tokyo and

45: 5344: 3373:, "Japanese Noh theatre inspired him to design the oversize business suit that became a visual staple of Talking Heads live shows." 3650:. Each Noh school has its own permanent theatre, such as Kanze Noh Theater (Tokyo), Hosho Noh Theater (Tokyo), Kongo Noh Theater ( 4979: 1418: 1039:

stylized conventional gestures while the iconic masks represent the roles such as ghosts, women, deities, and demons. Written in

5277: 1321:

established by Kan'ami's eldest brother; the Konparu school; and the Kongō school. All of these schools were descendants of the

3877: 2301:, "main stage"). The theatre itself is considered symbolic and treated with reverence both by the performers and the audience. 445: 3365:

and he was inspired by the highly stylized practices of Noh, completely different from its Western counterparts that focus on

2586:) in between the actual sounds, and these negative blank spaces are in fact considered the heart of the music. In addition to 5382: 5287: 5269: 5102: 4540: 4400: 3960: 832: 224: 2344:(flute pillar), clockwise from upstage right respectively. Each pillar is associated with the performers and their actions. 1425:

founded by the government in 1983 stages regular performances and organizes courses to train actors in the leading roles of

5385:, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Noh 2258:

1: hashigakari. 2: kyōgen spot. 3: stage attendants. 4: stick drum. 5: hip drum. 6: shoulder drum. 7: flute. 8: chorus. 9:

5334: 3420:("Light") is based on "a mythology drawing on multiple cultural traditions, from Japanese Noh theatre to German folklore". 2440:

symbolic and stylistic conventions. During the Edo (Tokugawa) period, the elaborate robes given to actors by noblemen and

1656:, Ōkura (大蔵) and Izumi (和泉). Eleven schools train instrumentalists, each school specializing in one to three instruments. 5433: 4287: 3921: 3601:(妙): the "charm" of an actor who performs flawlessly and without any sense of imitation; he effectively becomes his role. 3523:

is that, like a flower, it is meant to be appreciated by any audience, no matter how lofty or how coarse his upbringing.

2082: 5171: 4500: 380: 5428: 5261: 5243: 4813: 4347: 4209: 4132:"Players, Performances and Existence of Women's Noh: Focusing on the Articles Run in the Japanese General Newspapers" 3887: 3804: 1663:), to which all professionals are registered, strictly protects the traditions passed down from their ancestors (see 5350: 4857: 2654:

Noh (現在能, "present Noh") features human characters and events unfold according to a linear timeline within the play.

3274: 3718:(Japanese sweets) may be served in the lobby. In the Edo period, when Noh was a day-long affair, more substantial 5388: 3233: 2660:

Noh (夢幻能, "supernatural Noh") involves supernatural worlds, featuring gods, spirits, ghosts, or phantasms in the

2056: 2594:

ensemble consists of four musicians, also known as the "hayashi-kata", including three drummers, which play the

4841: 1652:

actors are trained in the schools Takayasu (高安), Fukuou (福王), and Hōshō (宝生). There are two schools that train

943: 618: 5092: 3701:

for instance)—rather than ending with all characters on stage—in which case one claps as the character exits.

1474:, the guild system gradually tightened, which largely excluded women from Noh, except for some women (such as 1421:, which affords a degree of legal protection to the tradition as well as its most accomplished practitioners. 1366:

positions was reproduced by others, generally resulting in an increasingly slow, ceremonial tempo over time.

738: 205: 5006: 3196: – Yoshi Oida, a Japanese actor with training in Noh, began working with Brook in their production of 1483: 482: 5045: 3212:, Paul Claudel learned about Noh during the time he served as French Ambassador to Japan. Claudel's opera 2668:

fashion, and action may switch between two or more timeframes from moment to moment, including flashbacks.

5423: 4604: 999:, it is the oldest major theater art that is still regularly performed today. Although the terms Noh and 477: 214: 4754: 3298:

incorporates various elements of Noh such as lack of plot, representative characters, and use of ghosts.

3728:(幕の内弁当, "between-acts lunchbox") were served. On special occasions, when the performance is over, お神酒 ( 3351: 842: 800: 4370: 3515:

saying "after you master the secrets of all things and exhaust the possibilities of every device, the

2424:

in particular are extravagant, shimmering silk brocades, but are progressively less sumptuous for the

5438: 4943: 3339: 3311: – An English composer Bell wrote music for modern presentation of several Noh plays, including 936: 852: 847: 539: 234: 200: 2574:, with an economy of expression, and an abundance of allusion. The singing parts of Noh are called " 1075:

garment, Edo period, 18th century, bamboo and chrysanthemum design on red and white checkered ground

5418: 2325:

shrines. The roof also unifies the theatre space and defines the stage as an architectural entity.

1669:). However, several secret documents of the Kanze school written by Zeami, as well as materials by 982: 884: 440: 5397: 5227: 4719:

Londraville, Richard (1999). Blank, Martin; Brunauer, Dalma Hunyadi; Izzo, David Garrett (eds.).

1840:(囃子方) are the instrumentalists who play the four instruments used in Noh theatre: the transverse 1621: 1586: 1318: 487: 338: 229: 5067: 3678:

Audience etiquette is generally similar to formal Western theatre—the audience quietly watches.

2482:

The use of props in Noh is minimalistic and stylized. The most commonly used prop in Noh is the

1385: 5010: 4558: 2966: 576: 343: 239: 4779: 4493:

Therapeutic Noh Theater: Sohkido Pathway VII of the Seven Pathways of Transpersonal Creativity

4652: 3590: 3473: 3411: 2699: 2410: 2060: 879: 837: 810: 785: 571: 450: 409: 244: 190: 4594:"Drama – Advanced Higher – Twentieth-Century Theatre – Peter Brook – Annotated Bibliography" 3617:, although the two represent endpoints of a continuum rather than being completely separate. 2391:) that connects two spaces in a single world, thus has a completely different significance. 1207: 1172:(traditional dances performed by female dancers in the Imperial Court in the 12th century), 4519:

Takahashi, Yasunari; Ikegami, Yoshihiko (1991). "The Ghost Trio: Beckett, Yeats, and Noh".

4082: 3639: 3366: 2717:

Noh (劇能) is a drama piece based around the advancement of plot and the narration of action.

1487: 1422: 1288: 1040: 805: 748: 743: 524: 20: 281: 8: 3759: 3667: 3239: 2694:

Noh utilizes internal and external conflicts to drive storylines and bring out emotions,

1297: 1262: 795: 790: 718: 632: 27: 4045: 328: 5015: 4984: 4960: 4829: 4669: 4575: 3643: 3308: 2906: 2899: 1617: 1598: 1370: 1326: 1314: 824: 501: 455: 428: 370: 323: 305: 64: 4300: 3793: 3343:(1957) and later in two of the three semi-operatic "Parables for Church Performance": 2495:

When hand props other than fans are used, they are usually introduced or retrieved by

2354: 1265:, Zeami was able to establish Noh as the most prominent theatre art form of the time. 5324: 5283: 5265: 5257: 5239: 5098: 4837: 4809: 4673: 4579: 4536: 4496: 4396: 4343: 4205: 3956: 3939: 3883: 3800: 3467: 3268: 3263: 3214: 2892: 2744: 1644:

family that carries the name of the school and is considered the most important. The

1440:

and Noh are sometimes used interchangeably, the Japanese government's definition of "

1398: 1377:, founded the Kita school, which was the last established of the five major schools. 1374: 1203: 1145:, which was introduced to Japan from China in the 8th century. At the time, the term 780: 775: 566: 558: 544: 514: 432: 395: 365: 318: 313: 195: 185: 4941:

Salmon, Will (1983). "The Influence of Noh on Harry Partch's Delusion of the Fury".

3827: 2048: 1360: 1178:(music and dance performed in the Imperial Court beginning in the 7th century), and 94: 5282:(First English ed.). Tokyo: Japan Publishing Industry Foundation for Culture. 5151: 4952: 4806:

Letters from a Life: The Selected Letters of Benjamin Britten, Volume IV, 1952–1957

4801: 4747:

The Bulletin of the International Society for Harmony & Combination of Cultures

4661: 4567: 4528: 4433: 3769: 3334: 3253: 3038: 2930: 2786: 2445: 1670: 1303: 1284: 1248: 904: 866: 668: 469: 375: 271: 177: 157: 1605:

Actors begin their training as young children, traditionally at the age of three.

5338: 5304: 5142: 5133: 4647: 4451: 3287: 3092: 2984: 2571: 2557: 2483: 2311: 2290: 1223: 723: 650: 608: 414: 291: 266: 258: 219: 3414: – The essentially plotless libretto of Stockhausen's grand operatic cycle 2506:

implies they are not part of the action on stage and are effectively invisible.

2047:

current head of the Konparu school, the mask was carved by the legendary regent

1313:

By this period, among the five major schools of Noh, four were established: the

135: 19:

This article is about the classical Japanese dance theatre. For other uses, see

5331: 5296: 3423: 3221: 3175: 3160: 3074: 2948: 2835: 2644: 1953:

A typical Noh play always involves the chorus, the orchestra, and at least one

1673:, have been diffused throughout the community of scholars of Japanese theatre. 1536:

is incorporated in the traditional five-play program of Noh. The first play is

1292: 1274: 1110: 762: 713: 705: 664: 509: 333: 148: 5377: 4888: 4665: 2566:能囃子). Noh is a chanted drama, and a few commentators have dubbed it "Japanese 2353:, Japanese cypress, with almost no decorative elements. The poet and novelist 1456:

relies less on the use of masks and is derived from the humorous plays of the

1390: 1168: 5407: 5366: 5235: 5210: 4915:"Harry Partch – how Heiner Goebbels bought Delusion of the Fury to Edinburgh" 3549: 3449: 3362: 3249: 3142: 1740:

appears first as a human and then as a ghost, the first role is known as the

1307: 1215: 1139: 1057: 874: 534: 286: 5156: 5137: 4263: 1648:

holds the power to create new plays or modify lyrics and performance modes.

5413: 5392: 5307:. Ed. Masakazu Yamazaki. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 5249: 5179: 5094:

Dramatic Action in Greek Tragedy and Noh: Reading with and Beyond Aristotle

4919: 4862: 4700:

Hori, Mariko (1994). "Aspects of Noh Theatre in Three Late O'Neill Plays".

4629: 3535:" is the flower of creating and sharing perfect beauty through performance. 3391: 3382: 3345: 3229: 3209: 3205: 924: 595: 3670:

have developed to form schools independent from five traditional schools.

3531:

is the beauty of the flower of youth, which passes with time, while "true

2510:

is designed to conceal the actor and to allow a costume change during the

1736:

is the main protagonist, or the leading role in plays. In plays where the

1508: 1501: 686: 5207:(Foreword by Ricardo D. Trimillos) Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. 3462: 3358: 3294:

and his sister Isabel Wilder also confirmed his interests. Wilder's work

3290: – Wilder himself expressed his interest in Noh in his "Preface” to 3198: 3193: 3146: 2596: 1854: 1479: 1062: 640: 519: 276: 4571: 4532: 2675: 2602: 2537: 1872: 5068:"Remembering Mae J. Smethurst | University of Pittsburgh Japan Studies" 4429: 3879:

The Japanese theatre: from shamanistic ritual to contemporary pluralism

3832:

The Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity

3720: 3655: 3647: 3441: 3376: 3056: 2665: 2488: 2317: 1475: 1471: 1452:

is performed in between Noh plays in the same space. Compared to Noh, "

1431:

the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity

1338: 1278: 1166:(popular entertainment including acrobatics, juggling, and pantomime), 992: 357: 4964: 4258: 4256: 2372:, a narrow bridge at upstage right used by actors to enter the stage. 970: 390: 5355: 4113:"TRIVIA of Noh : Q25 : Can a woman become a Noh performer?" 3679: 3020: 2608: 2543: 2379: 1907: 1403: 1219: 1198: 733: 4650:(2004). "Jacques Copeau, Etienne Decroux, and the 'Flower of Noh'". 2254: 1818: 1577: 1349: 1343: 1236: 1011: 1001: 4956: 4884: 4556:

Alter, Maria P. (Summer 1968). "Bertolt Brecht and the Noh Drama".

4253: 4131: 3683: 3448:, writing and translating several works that compared compared the 3370: 2405: 2306: 2024: 1830:

actors also perform in separate plays between individual Noh plays.

1457: 1240: 1162: 1121: 1023:

plays in between; an abbreviated program of two Noh plays with one

529: 3724: 2460:(black and adorned with five family crests) accompanied by either 1027:

piece has become common today. Optionally, the ritual performance

404: 3764: 3714: 3663: 1794:(脇, ワキ) performs the role that is the counterpart or foil of the 1231: 1160:(rural celebrations performed in connection with rice planting), 1156: 613: 5317: 3361: – Byrne encountered Noh when he was on tour in Japan with 1593: 1341:, Noh continued to be an aristocratic art form supported by the 1268: 166: 3739: 3709: 3659: 3280: 3002: 2880: 2710:

Additionally, all Noh plays may be categorized by their style.

2614: 2497: 2462: 2456: 2384: 2349: 2322: 2167:

type. 15th or 16th century. Deemed Important Cultural Property.

2101:

type. 16th or 17th century. Deemed Important Cultural Property.

2077: 2019: 1970: 1665: 1526: 1355: 1186: 1180: 1174: 1045: 681: 603: 581: 385: 3738:) may be served in the lobby on the way out, as it happens in 2522: 5279:

Noh as Living Art: Inside Japan's Oldest Theatrical Tradition

3651: 3511:(Instructions on the Posture of the Flower), Zeami describes 3416: 2567: 2549: 2531: 2028: 1927: 1841: 1407: 1244: 1125:

in the mid 14th century and continues to be performed today.

1085: 996: 991:

that has been performed since the 14th century. Developed by

988: 728: 676: 645: 400: 76: 5351:

Virtual Reality and Virtual Irreality On Noh-Plays and Icons

4723:. West Cornwall, Connecticut: Locust Hill. pp. 365–378. 4342:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Asia Center. 3682:

are not used, but some audience members follow along in the

2246: 1681: 1616:

In 2012, there are five extant schools of Noh acting called

4780:"William Henry Bell 1873-1946: Music for Japanese no plays" 4444: 3734: 2362: 2231: 2035:, the main actor, wears a mask in most plays, although the 2006: 1786:(地謡) is the chorus, usually comprising six to eight people. 5374:

Photos of Noh-masks carved by Ichyuu Terai in Kyoto Japan.

5360: 5224:

New York: Center for Advanced Study in Theatre Arts, CUNY.

4112: 2409:) with Checks and Conch Shells. Edo period, 18th century, 5400:

at the Amherst College Archives & Special Collections

5301:

On the Art of the Nō Drama: The Major Treatises of Zeami.

4634:

The Theater of Bertolt Brecht: A Study from Eight Aspects

3705: 2635:

commoners. There are several ways to classify Noh plays.

1478:) performing songs in marginal situations. Later, in the 1353:), as well as wealthy and sophisticated commoners. While 5347:

Japanese Text Initiative, University of Virginia Library

4521:

The Empire of Signs: Semiotic Essays on Japanese Culture

3697:

character leaving the stage as part of the story (as in

1973:, and minimalist aspects of Noh's aesthetic principles. 1329:

supported only the Kanze school among the four schools.

4452:"Introduction to Noh and Kyogen – Plays and Characters" 4419:. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts Publications, 2008. p109. 4310: 2674:

Noh (両掛能, "mixed Noh"), though somewhat uncommon, is a

2199:

type. 16th century. Deemed Important Cultural Property.

2151:

type. 15th century. Deemed Important Cultural Property.

2133:

type. 17th century. Deemed Important Cultural Property.

2117:

type. 17th century. Deemed Important Cultural Property.

55: 3157:. Barba primarily studied the physical aspects of Noh. 2883:

ritual, it is considered the oldest type of Noh play.

2229: 2212: 2146: 5371: 4055:(in Japanese). The Agency for Cultural Affairs, Japan 2622:

many Noh plays, especially in those characterized as

26:"Nō" redirects here. For similarly named topics, see 5215:

Traditional Japanese Theater: An Anthology of Plays.

4395:(Foundation ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. 3145: – Between 1966 and 1972, Japanese Noh Masters 2236:

with Noh masks. (front and back) early 19th century.

1296:

Kan'ami first presented his work to the 17-year-old

2789:. The protagonist appearing as a ghost of a famous 1709:There are four major categories of Noh performers: 5220:Ortolani, Benito; Leiter, Samuel L. (eds) (1998). 3792: 3133:Many Western artists have been influenced by Noh. 1780:(後見) are stage hands, usually one to three people. 4306:. The Nohgaku performers' association. p. 3. 2702:of the past and the deceased to invoke emotions. 2250:A modern Noh theatre with indoor roofed structure 2017:) are carved from blocks of Japanese cypress (檜 " 1552:were created so that the program would represent 5405: 4518: 1934:. The flute used for Noh is specifically called 1766:(連れ, ツレ), although this term refers to both the 1019:program included several Noh plays with comedic 4736:"Elements of Japanese Noh in Thornton Wilder's 4391:Brockett, Oscar G.; Hildy, Franklin J. (2007). 3822: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3258:L'École Internationale de Théâtre Jacques Lecoq 2842:(現在物, present plays), as well as others. (e.g. 2647:can be classified into three broad categories. 2502:view of the audience. The all-black costume of 2451:The musicians and chorus typically wear formal 1935: 1925: 1905: 1882: 1870: 1852: 1089: 976: 4428: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4070: 3389:"a ritualistic web". Kate Molleson wrote for ' 3224: – In 1923, Copeau worked on a Noh play, 3163: – Yoshihiko Ikegami considers Beckett's 1942: 1919: 1899: 1889: 1864: 1846: 1524:means rapid or urgent. The term originated in 1108: 1096: 968: 5383:Momoyama, Japanese Art in the Age of Grandeur 5356:Page on the variable expressions of Noh masks 5345:Nō Plays -Translations of thirteen Noh plays- 4636:. London: Methuen & Co. pp. 116–117. 4390: 4038: 2898:Plays with individual articles are listed in 2664:role. Time is often depicted as passing in a 2556:Noh theatre is accompanied by a chorus and a 1380: 1269:The establishment of Noh by Kan'ami and Zeami 944: 5118:Sekine, Masaru; Murray, Christopher (1990). 5117: 4514: 4512: 4202:The Noh Theater: Principles and Perspectives 3953:Breaking Down Barriers: A History of Chanoyu 3813: 2905:The following categorization is that of the 987:is a major form of classical Japanese dance- 4718: 4264:"About the Nohgaku Performers' Association" 4195: 4193: 4191: 4083:"Living and Breathing History, Through Noh" 4067: 3882:. Princeton University Press. p. 132. 3871: 3869: 3218:shows an unmistakable influence of the Noh. 3202:in 1968. Oida later joined Brook's company. 2368:Another unique feature of the stage is the 1413:In 1957 the Japanese Government designated 1310:into Zeami's Noh and further developed it. 1190:dances in folk tales) evolved into Noh and 5398:Howard B. Hamilton Japanese Theater Papers 4858:"Interview: David Byrne, musician, author" 4371:"Noh masks formerly owned by Konparu Sōke" 4293: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4171: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3799:. Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle Co. 2328:The pillars supporting the roof are named 1826:(間狂言), which are interludes during plays. 1540:, the second, third, and fourth plays are 1031:may be presented in the very beginning of 951: 937: 54: 5155: 5097:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. ix. 5090: 4828: 4509: 4316: 4224: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4019: 3932: 3930: 2347:The stage is made entirely of unfinished 2055:written in the 14th century. Some of the 1548:. In fact, the five categories discussed 1444:" theatre encompasses both Noh plays and 1128:One of the oldest forerunners of Noh and 1115:; entertainment, music) to form the word 5205:Nō and kyōgen in the contemporary world. 5132: 5005: 4912: 4646: 4384: 4229:. Melbourne: Drama Victoria. p. 32. 4155: 4149: 4129: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3986: 3984: 3950: 3875: 3786: 3784: 3629: 3493: 3136: 3128: 2731: 2521: 2398: 2253: 2245: 1995: 1980: 1680: 1576: 1384: 1317:, established by Kan'ami and Zeami; the 1214:troupe which had played active roles in 1067: 1056: 4800: 4628: 4490: 4340:The Ethos of Noh – Actors and Their Art 4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4244: 4233: 4199: 4168: 4080: 3944: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3846: 3284:have various similarities to Noh plays. 1964: 1572: 1462:, as reflected in its comic dialogue." 1235:class of the time. The transfer of the 5406: 5363:the-Noh.com: Comprehensive Site on Noh 5275: 5222:Zeami and the Nō Theatre in the World. 5120:Yeats and the Noh: A Comparative Study 5111: 4940: 4733: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4440:. New York: New Directions Publishing. 4204:. New York / Tokyo: John Weatherhill. 4136:Journal of International Japan-Studies 3927: 3790: 3260:founded by Lecoq is influenced by Noh. 2860:(鬼物, demon plays) usually feature the 2678:of the above with the first act being 2063:, and are exhibited there frequently. 1419:Important Intangible Cultural Property 16:Classical Japanese dance-drama theater 5361:Noh plays Photo Story and Story Paper 4977: 4555: 4549: 4363: 4164:] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kadokawa. 4100: 4029: 3996: 3981: 3781: 3673: 2416:Noh actors wear silk costumes called 1659:The Nohgaku Performers' Association ( 5217:New York: Columbia University Press. 4699: 4337: 4322: 4081:Whatley, Katherine (24 March 2018). 3908: 2705: 2612:(shoulder drum) respectively, and a 2582:". The music has many blank spaces ( 2340:(secondary character's pillar), and 2039:may also wear a mask in some plays. 1005:are sometimes used interchangeably, 5320:THE NOHGAKU PERFORMERS' ASSOCIATION 5318:THE NOHGAKU PERFORMERS' ASSOCIATION 5138:"Pound, Yeats, and the Noh Theater" 4883: 4469: 4268:The Nohgaku Performers' Association 4053:National Cultural Heritage Database 2891:For a more comprehensive list, see 2081:type. 17th or 18th century. Deemed 46:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage 13: 5197: 5176:The Nohgaku Performers Association 5060: 5011:"The Week Ahead Feb. 28 – March 6" 3471:for the first time. The plays are 3408:by Zenbō Motoyasu, into its story. 2517: 14: 5450: 5311: 4980:"An Operatic Conundrum Untangled" 4913:Molleson, Kate (29 August 2014). 1325:troupe from Yamato Province. The 5203:Brandon, James R. (ed.) (1997). 4438:The Classic Noh Theatre of Japan 4130:Suzumura, Yusuke (Mar 8, 2013). 3955:. Yale Art Gallery. p. 51. 3153:gave seminars on Noh at Barba's 2529:(noh musicians). Left to right: 2332:(principal character's pillar), 2222: 2204: 2188: 2172: 2156: 2138: 2122: 2106: 2090: 2068: 1640:actors. Each school has its own 1283:In the 14th century, during the 918: 245:Post-Japanese occupation history 165: 134: 5164: 5126: 5084: 5030: 4999: 4971: 4934: 4906: 4877: 4850: 4822: 4794: 4772: 4727: 4712: 4693: 4680: 4640: 4622: 4603:. UK government. Archived from 4586: 4422: 4409: 4281: 4218: 4123: 3527:comes in two forms. Individual 3385: – Partch called his work 3182:is an adaptation of a Noh play 3155:Theater Laboratory of Holstebro 2886: 2869:In addition to the above five, 2785:(阿修羅能) takes its name from the 1465: 1429:. Noh was inscribed in 2008 on 1332: 5341:Ohtsuki Noh Theatre Foundation 4688:Dictionnaire amoureux du Japon 4415:Morse, Anne Nishimura, et al. 4162:The "Present" of Noh and Zeami 3969: 3896: 3483:The Words upon the Window-Pane 3434: 3167:a parody of Noh, particularly 2387:theatres is literally a path ( 1988:masks. Right: Drunken spirit ( 1: 4978:Robin, William (6 May 2011). 4834:Benjamin Britten: A Biography 4808:. London: The Boydell Press. 4417:MFA Highlights: Arts of Japan 4156:Tsuchiya, Keiichirō (2014). 3775: 3654:), Nara Komparu Noh Theater ( 3613:is sometimes contrasted with 3275:Long Day's Journey into Night 3190:as an adaptation of Noh play. 2811:(女物, woman plays) depict the 2361:) with a painting of a green 1433:by UNESCO as Nōgaku theatre. 985:word for "skill" or "talent") 5367:"Hachi-No-Ki, A Perspective" 4523:. Foundations of Semiotics. 3400:incorporates two Noh plays, 3302: 3186:. Brecht himself identified 2448:were developed as costumes. 2315:) or sacred dance pavilion ( 1701:(musicians); rear left: two 1697:(chorus); rear center: four 1493: 1389:In the Noh Theatre, 1891 by 1061:World's oldest Noh stage at 7: 5230:(ed. & trans.) (1992). 5042:Electronic Music Foundation 4836:. London: Faber and Faber. 4721:Thornton Wilder: New Essays 4245:Hayashi, Kazutoshi (2012). 4225:Eckersley, M., ed. (2009). 3976:Kotobank, Konparu Zenchiku. 3753: 2762:(脇能) typically feature the 2394: 2230: 2217:type. 16th or 17th century. 2213: 2183:type. 17th or 18th century. 2147: 2083:Important Cultural Property 2057:masks of the Konparu school 1936: 1926: 1906: 1883: 1871: 1853: 1608: 1090: 977: 10: 5455: 5434:Japanese traditional music 5091:Smethurst, Mae J. (2013). 4734:Ashida, Ruri (June 2009). 4249:. Tokyo: Sekai Shisou Sha. 3951:Watanabe, Takeshi (2009). 3543:(幽玄, profound sublimity): 3317:Tsuneyo of the Three Trees 3234:Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier 2897: 2890: 2638: 2578:" and the speaking parts " 2466:(a skirt-like garment) or 1561:, gets slightly faster at 1549: 1499: 1381:Modern Noh after Meiji era 1272: 1079: 1052: 25: 18: 5072:www.japanstudies.pitt.edu 4944:Perspectives of New Music 4666:10.1017/S0266464X04000211 4301:"Enjoying Noh and Kyōgen" 3937:Kotobank, Konparu school. 3876:Ortolani, Benito (1995). 3646:, Osaka Noh Theater, and 3479:The Dreaming of the Bones 3452:form of theatre with noh. 3340:The Prince of the Pagodas 2698:Noh focuses on utilizing 1943: 1920: 1900: 1890: 1865: 1847: 1109: 1097: 1009:encompasses both Noh and 969: 133: 123: 115: 110: 100: 90: 82: 72: 53: 42: 37: 5429:Japanese styles of music 4157: 4047: 3791:Bowers, Faubion (1974). 3638:Public theatres include 3456: 3266: – O'Neill's plays 3083:Komachi at the Gravepost 2781:(修羅物, warrior plays) or 2739:(dedication of Noh play 2727: 2629: 2477: 2241: 1976: 1808:is the companion of the 1676: 1636:(喜多) schools that train 1544:, and the fifth play is 1423:The National Noh Theatre 1015:. Traditionally, a full 5276:Yasuda, Noboru (2021). 5157:10.17077/0021-065X.3210 4753:: 18–31. Archived from 4373:. Tokyo National Museum 4200:Komparu, Kunio (1983). 2682:Noh and the second act 2031:) characters. Only the 1154:as well as elements of 210:Science, and Technology 5332:Noh Stories in English 5122:. Rl Innactive Titles. 4456:the Japan Arts Council 4393:History of the Theatre 4338:Rath, Eric C. (2004). 3047:Komachi at Seki Temple 2856:(切り能, final plays) or 2830:(狂乱物, madness plays), 2747: 2553: 2413: 2286: 2251: 2002: 1993: 1706: 1693:; right: eight-member 1602: 1393: 1076: 1065: 344:Japanese Sign Language 5327:. Japan Arts Council. 5256:. Tuttle Shokai Inc. 5038:"Xenakis & Japan" 4893:The American Prospect 4702:Eugene O'Neill Review 4653:New Theatre Quarterly 4495:. Two Harbors Press. 4030:Ishii, Rinko (2009). 3704:During the interval, 3630:Existing Noh theatres 3494:Aesthetic terminology 3412:Karlheinz Stockhausen 3208: – According to 3137:Theatre practitioners 3129:Influence in the West 3029:The Wind in the Pines 2735: 2525: 2411:Tokyo National Museum 2402: 2257: 2249: 2061:Tokyo National Museum 1999: 1984: 1758:companion. Sometimes 1744:and the later as the 1684: 1580: 1565:, then culminates in 1388: 1071: 1060: 619:Pottery and porcelain 5172:"Noh Theater Search" 5009:(26 February 2010). 3640:National Noh Theatre 3507:(花, flower): In the 3398:Delusion of the Fury 3387:Delusion of the Fury 3325:The Pillow of Kantan 2289:The traditional Noh 2053:Style and the Flower 1965:Performance elements 1916:, and the stick-drum 1573:Performers and roles 1520:means breaking, and 1488:National Noh Theatre 1347:, the feudal lords ( 1247:at the beginning of 1041:late middle Japanese 833:World Heritage Sites 781:Association football 739:Mobile phone culture 105:Asia and the Pacific 21:Noh (disambiguation) 5232:Japanese Nō Dramas. 4830:Carpenter, Humphrey 4690:, Paris, Plon 2021. 4572:10.3138/md.11.2.122 4533:10.1075/fos.8.12tak 3760:Higashiyama culture 3668:Ogisai Kurokawa Noh 3648:Fukuoka Noh Theater 3428:Xenakis & Japan 3240:Guillaume Gallienne 2807:(鬘物, wig plays) or 2787:Buddhist underworld 2758:(神物, god plays) or 2741:A Venerable Old Man 2470:, a combination of 1896:, the shoulder-drum 1685:Noh stage. Center: 1591:(1895–1939), head ( 1436:Although the terms 1298:Ashikaga Yoshimitsu 1263:Ashikaga Yoshimitsu 981:, derived from the 848:Cultural Properties 843:Cultural Landscapes 446:Legendary creatures 196:Historical currency 111:Inscription history 28:No (disambiguation) 5424:History of theatre 5337:2018-11-01 at the 5325:"Noh & Kyogen" 5254:Noh plays of Japan 5016:The New York Times 4985:The New York Times 4889:"CSI: David Byrne" 4782:. Unsung Composers 4601:Education Scotland 4227:Drama from the Rim 4034:. Tokyo: Kadokawa. 3674:Audience etiquette 3644:Nagoya Noh Theater 3474:At the Hawk's Well 3444:collaborated with 3309:William Henry Bell 2993:The Feather Mantle 2900:Category:Noh plays 2748: 2554: 2414: 2287: 2252: 2003: 1994: 1762:is abbreviated to 1754:(仕手連れ, シテヅレ). The 1707: 1603: 1484:Tokyo Music School 1394: 1371:Tokugawa shogunate 1327:Ashikaga Shogunate 1208:Nanboku-chō period 1077: 1066: 853:National Treasures 540:Cultural festivals 119:2008 (3rd session) 65:Itsukushima Shrine 5289:978-4-86658-178-1 5270:978-4-8053-1033-5 5104:978-0-7391-7242-1 4802:Britten, Benjamin 4542:978-90-272-3278-6 4434:Fenollosa, Ernest 4402:978-0-205-47360-1 4087:The Theatre Times 3978:The Asahi Shimbun 3962:978-0-300-14692-9 3940:The Asahi Shimbun 3468:dramatis personae 3269:The Iceman Cometh 3215:Christophe Colomb 3165:Waiting for Godot 3126: 3125: 2893:List of Noh plays 2706:Performance style 2547:(shoulder drum), 2336:(gazing pillar), 1822:(狂言) perform the 1516:means beginning, 1399:Meiji Restoration 1375:Tokugawa Hidetada 1369:In this era, the 1289:Kan'ami Kiyotsugu 1204:Hata no Kawakatsu 961: 960: 801:American football 545:Japanese New Year 525:Buddha's Birthday 515:Coming of Age Day 282:Ōbeikei Islanders 225:Foreign relations 142: 141: 5446: 5439:Theatre of Japan 5378:How to enjoy Noh 5328: 5293: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5178:. Archived from 5168: 5162: 5161: 5159: 5134:Albright, Daniel 5130: 5124: 5123: 5115: 5109: 5108: 5088: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5078: 5064: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5044:. Archived from 5034: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4975: 4969: 4968: 4951:(1/2): 233–245. 4938: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4910: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4887:(October 2012). 4881: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4776: 4770: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4759: 4744: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4716: 4710: 4709: 4697: 4691: 4684: 4678: 4677: 4648:Leabhart, Thomas 4644: 4638: 4637: 4626: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4609: 4598: 4590: 4584: 4583: 4553: 4547: 4546: 4516: 4507: 4506: 4491:Dr. Sky (2014). 4488: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4448: 4442: 4441: 4426: 4420: 4413: 4407: 4406: 4388: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4378: 4367: 4361: 4353: 4335: 4320: 4314: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4297: 4291: 4285: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4260: 4251: 4250: 4242: 4231: 4230: 4222: 4216: 4215: 4197: 4166: 4165: 4153: 4147: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4109: 4098: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4078: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4042: 4036: 4035: 4027: 3994: 3988: 3979: 3973: 3967: 3966: 3948: 3942: 3934: 3925: 3919: 3906: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3873: 3844: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3828:"Nôgaku theatre" 3824: 3811: 3810: 3798: 3795:Japanese Theatre 3788: 3770:Theatre of Japan 3446:Mae J. Smethurst 3352:The Prodigal Son 3335:Benjamin Britten 3254:Physical theatre 3065:The Tippling Elf 3039:Sekidera Komachi 2912: 2911: 2606:(hip drum), and 2446:Muromachi period 2235: 2226: 2216: 2211:Noh mask of the 2208: 2195:Noh mask of the 2192: 2179:Noh mask of the 2176: 2163:Noh mask of the 2160: 2150: 2145:Noh mask of the 2142: 2129:Noh mask of the 2126: 2113:Noh mask of the 2110: 2097:Noh mask of the 2094: 2075:Noh mask of the 2072: 1948: 1946: 1945: 1939: 1933: 1931: 1923: 1922: 1915: 1914: 1911: 1903: 1902: 1895: 1893: 1892: 1886: 1880: 1879: 1876: 1868: 1867: 1860: 1858: 1850: 1849: 1671:Konparu Zenchiku 1590: 1304:Konparu Zenchiku 1287:(1336 to 1573), 1285:Muromachi period 1257: 1249:Muromachi period 1143: 1114: 1113: 1102: 1100: 1099: 1093: 986: 980: 974: 973: 953: 946: 939: 925:Japan portal 923: 922: 921: 272:Zainichi Koreans 235:Military history 220:Imperial history 201:Economic history 169: 160: 158:Culture of Japan 144: 143: 138: 58: 35: 34: 5454: 5453: 5449: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5444: 5443: 5419:Dances of Japan 5404: 5403: 5389:Buddhism in Noh 5339:Wayback Machine 5323: 5314: 5305:J. Thomas Rimer 5290: 5200: 5198:Further reading 5195: 5185: 5183: 5182:on 14 June 2020 5170: 5169: 5165: 5143:The Iowa Review 5131: 5127: 5116: 5112: 5105: 5089: 5085: 5076: 5074: 5066: 5065: 5061: 5051: 5049: 5036: 5035: 5031: 5021: 5019: 5004: 5000: 4990: 4988: 4976: 4972: 4939: 4935: 4925: 4923: 4911: 4907: 4897: 4895: 4882: 4878: 4868: 4866: 4856: 4855: 4851: 4844: 4827: 4823: 4816: 4799: 4795: 4785: 4783: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4763: 4761: 4757: 4742: 4732: 4728: 4717: 4713: 4698: 4694: 4685: 4681: 4645: 4641: 4627: 4623: 4613: 4611: 4610:on 24 July 2015 4607: 4596: 4592: 4591: 4587: 4554: 4550: 4543: 4517: 4510: 4503: 4489: 4470: 4460: 4458: 4450: 4449: 4445: 4427: 4423: 4414: 4410: 4403: 4389: 4385: 4376: 4374: 4369: 4368: 4364: 4350: 4336: 4323: 4315: 4311: 4303: 4299: 4298: 4294: 4286: 4282: 4272: 4270: 4262: 4261: 4254: 4243: 4234: 4223: 4219: 4212: 4198: 4169: 4159: 4154: 4150: 4140: 4138: 4128: 4124: 4117:www.the-noh.com 4111: 4110: 4101: 4091: 4089: 4079: 4068: 4058: 4056: 4049: 4044: 4043: 4039: 4028: 3997: 3989: 3982: 3974: 3970: 3963: 3949: 3945: 3935: 3928: 3920: 3909: 3903:Konparu school. 3901: 3897: 3890: 3874: 3847: 3837: 3835: 3826: 3825: 3814: 3807: 3789: 3782: 3778: 3756: 3747:metsuke-bashira 3676: 3632: 3570:means old, and 3496: 3459: 3437: 3369:. According to 3305: 3288:Thornton Wilder 3139: 3131: 3011:The Well Cradle 2957:The Damask Drum 2903: 2896: 2889: 2730: 2708: 2641: 2632: 2572:Japanese poetry 2520: 2518:Chant and music 2480: 2397: 2355:Tōson Shimazaki 2276:metsuke-bashira 2244: 2237: 2227: 2218: 2209: 2200: 2193: 2184: 2177: 2168: 2161: 2152: 2143: 2134: 2127: 2118: 2111: 2102: 2095: 2086: 2073: 1979: 1967: 1940: 1937:nōkan or nohkan 1917: 1912: 1897: 1887: 1877: 1862: 1844: 1804:(脇連れ, ワキヅレ) or 1689:; front right: 1679: 1611: 1584: 1575: 1506:The concept of 1504: 1498: 1468: 1383: 1335: 1281: 1273:Main articles: 1271: 1255: 1224:Yamato Province 1197:Studies on the 1137: 1094: 1082: 1055: 966: 957: 919: 917: 910: 909: 900: 899: 890: 889: 885:National anthem 870: 869: 858: 857: 828: 827: 816: 815: 766: 765: 754: 753: 709: 708: 697: 696: 672: 671: 669:performing arts 656: 655: 636: 635: 624: 623: 599: 598: 587: 586: 562: 561: 550: 549: 505: 504: 493: 492: 473: 472: 461: 460: 436: 435: 420: 419: 361: 360: 349: 348: 309: 308: 297: 296: 262: 261: 250: 249: 181: 180: 156: 86:Performing arts 68: 67: 63:performance at 49: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5452: 5442: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5402: 5401: 5395: 5386: 5380: 5375: 5369: 5364: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5342: 5329: 5321: 5313: 5312:External links 5310: 5309: 5308: 5297:Zeami Motokiyo 5294: 5288: 5273: 5247: 5225: 5218: 5211:Brazell, Karen 5208: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5193: 5163: 5125: 5110: 5103: 5083: 5059: 5029: 5007:Anderson, Jack 4998: 4970: 4957:10.2307/832944 4933: 4905: 4876: 4849: 4842: 4821: 4814: 4793: 4771: 4726: 4711: 4692: 4679: 4660:(4): 315–330. 4639: 4621: 4585: 4566:(2): 122–131. 4548: 4541: 4508: 4502:978-1626528222 4501: 4468: 4443: 4421: 4408: 4401: 4383: 4362: 4348: 4321: 4317:Eckersley 2009 4309: 4292: 4280: 4252: 4232: 4217: 4210: 4167: 4148: 4122: 4099: 4066: 4037: 3995: 3980: 3968: 3961: 3943: 3926: 3907: 3895: 3888: 3845: 3812: 3805: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3773: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3755: 3752: 3675: 3672: 3631: 3628: 3627: 3626: 3618: 3602: 3594: 3576: 3559: 3536: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3490: 3458: 3455: 3454: 3453: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3431: 3424:Iannis Xenakis 3421: 3409: 3380: 3374: 3356: 3332: 3304: 3301: 3300: 3299: 3285: 3264:Eugene O'Neill 3261: 3247: 3237: 3222:Jacques Copeau 3219: 3203: 3191: 3176:Bertolt Brecht 3173: 3161:Samuel Beckett 3158: 3138: 3135: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3106: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3088: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3075:Sotoba Komachi 3070: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3052: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3034: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3016: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3006: 2998: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2988: 2980: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2962: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2949:Aya no Tsuzumi 2944: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2926: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2888: 2885: 2867: 2866: 2851: 2844:Aya no tsuzumi 2836:vengeful ghost 2824: 2802: 2776: 2745:New Year's Day 2729: 2726: 2725: 2724: 2718: 2707: 2704: 2688: 2687: 2669: 2655: 2640: 2637: 2631: 2628: 2519: 2516: 2479: 2476: 2396: 2393: 2334:metsukebashira 2243: 2240: 2239: 2238: 2228: 2221: 2219: 2210: 2203: 2201: 2194: 2187: 2185: 2178: 2171: 2169: 2162: 2155: 2153: 2144: 2137: 2135: 2131:chorei-beshimi 2128: 2121: 2119: 2112: 2105: 2103: 2096: 2089: 2087: 2074: 2067: 2059:belong to the 2049:Prince Shōtoku 1978: 1975: 1966: 1963: 1951: 1950: 1831: 1815: 1814: 1813: 1789: 1788: 1787: 1781: 1775: 1678: 1675: 1610: 1607: 1574: 1571: 1500:Main article: 1497: 1492: 1467: 1464: 1382: 1379: 1334: 1331: 1293:Zeami Motokiyo 1275:Zeami Motokiyo 1270: 1267: 1081: 1078: 1054: 1051: 1035:presentation. 959: 958: 956: 955: 948: 941: 933: 930: 929: 928: 927: 912: 911: 908: 907: 901: 897: 896: 895: 892: 891: 888: 887: 882: 877: 871: 865: 864: 863: 860: 859: 856: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 829: 823: 822: 821: 818: 817: 814: 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 773: 767: 761: 760: 759: 756: 755: 752: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 710: 704: 703: 702: 699: 698: 695: 694: 689: 684: 679: 673: 663: 662: 661: 658: 657: 654: 653: 648: 643: 637: 631: 630: 629: 626: 625: 622: 621: 616: 611: 606: 600: 594: 593: 592: 589: 588: 585: 584: 579: 574: 569: 563: 557: 556: 555: 552: 551: 548: 547: 542: 537: 532: 527: 522: 517: 512: 506: 500: 499: 498: 495: 494: 491: 490: 485: 480: 474: 468: 467: 466: 463: 462: 459: 458: 453: 448: 443: 437: 427: 426: 425: 422: 421: 418: 417: 412: 407: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 362: 356: 355: 354: 351: 350: 347: 346: 341: 339:Writing system 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 310: 304: 303: 302: 299: 298: 295: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 263: 257: 256: 255: 252: 251: 248: 247: 242: 237: 232: 230:Historiography 227: 222: 217: 212: 203: 198: 193: 188: 182: 176: 175: 174: 171: 170: 162: 161: 153: 152: 140: 139: 131: 130: 129:Representative 127: 121: 120: 117: 113: 112: 108: 107: 102: 98: 97: 92: 88: 87: 84: 80: 79: 74: 70: 69: 59: 51: 50: 43: 40: 39: 38:Nōgaku Theater 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5451: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5390: 5387: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5340: 5336: 5333: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5319: 5316: 5315: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5295: 5291: 5285: 5281: 5280: 5274: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5262:4-8053-1033-2 5259: 5255: 5251: 5250:Waley, Arthur 5248: 5245: 5244:0-14-044539-0 5241: 5237: 5236:Penguin Books 5233: 5229: 5228:Tyler, Royall 5226: 5223: 5219: 5216: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5202: 5201: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5167: 5158: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5144: 5139: 5135: 5129: 5121: 5114: 5106: 5100: 5096: 5095: 5087: 5073: 5069: 5063: 5048:on 2015-09-05 5047: 5043: 5039: 5033: 5018: 5017: 5012: 5008: 5002: 4987: 4986: 4981: 4974: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4945: 4937: 4922: 4921: 4916: 4909: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4880: 4865: 4864: 4859: 4853: 4845: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4825: 4817: 4815:9781843833826 4811: 4807: 4803: 4797: 4781: 4775: 4760:on 2016-03-04 4756: 4752: 4748: 4741: 4739: 4730: 4722: 4715: 4707: 4703: 4696: 4689: 4686:Collasse, R. 4683: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4643: 4635: 4631: 4630:Willett, John 4625: 4606: 4602: 4595: 4589: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4560: 4552: 4544: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4515: 4513: 4504: 4498: 4494: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4457: 4453: 4447: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4425: 4418: 4412: 4404: 4398: 4394: 4387: 4372: 4366: 4360: 4356: 4351: 4349:0-674-01397-2 4345: 4341: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4319:, p. 47. 4318: 4313: 4302: 4296: 4289: 4284: 4269: 4265: 4259: 4257: 4248: 4247:能・狂言を学ぶ人のために 4241: 4239: 4237: 4228: 4221: 4213: 4211:0-8348-1529-X 4207: 4203: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4163: 4152: 4137: 4133: 4126: 4118: 4114: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4088: 4084: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4054: 4050: 4041: 4033: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3992: 3987: 3985: 3977: 3972: 3964: 3958: 3954: 3947: 3941: 3938: 3933: 3931: 3923: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3904: 3899: 3891: 3889:0-691-04333-7 3885: 3881: 3880: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3833: 3829: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3808: 3806:9780804811316 3802: 3797: 3796: 3787: 3785: 3780: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3757: 3751: 3748: 3743: 3741: 3737: 3736: 3731: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3716: 3711: 3707: 3702: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3687: 3685: 3681: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3636: 3624: 3623: 3619: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3592: 3588: 3587: 3582: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3551: 3546: 3542: 3541: 3537: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3505: 3501: 3500: 3499: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3475: 3470: 3469: 3464: 3461: 3460: 3451: 3450:Greek tragedy 3447: 3443: 3439: 3438: 3429: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404:by Zeami and 3403: 3399: 3394: 3393: 3388: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3363:Talking Heads 3360: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3348: 3347: 3342: 3341: 3336: 3333: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3282: 3277: 3276: 3271: 3270: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3250:Jacques Lecoq 3248: 3245: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3216: 3211: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3200: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3188:Die Massnahme 3185: 3181: 3177: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3143:Eugenio Barba 3141: 3140: 3134: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3107: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3094: 3090: 3089: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3053: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3035: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3022: 3018: 3017: 3013: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2999: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2968: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2950: 2946: 2945: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2927: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2901: 2894: 2884: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2873: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2770: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2754: 2753: 2752: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2712: 2711: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2636: 2627: 2625: 2619: 2617: 2616: 2611: 2610: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2598: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2560: 2552: 2551: 2546: 2545: 2540: 2539: 2534: 2533: 2528: 2524: 2515: 2513: 2507: 2505: 2500: 2499: 2493: 2491: 2490: 2485: 2475: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2464: 2459: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2412: 2408: 2407: 2403:Noh Costume ( 2401: 2392: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2381: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2351: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2319: 2314: 2313: 2308: 2302: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2272:shite-bashira 2269: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2248: 2234: 2233: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2191: 2186: 2182: 2175: 2170: 2166: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2141: 2136: 2132: 2125: 2120: 2116: 2109: 2104: 2100: 2093: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2079: 2071: 2066: 2065: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2044: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2021: 2016: 2012: 2008: 1998: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1974: 1972: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1938: 1930: 1929: 1910: 1909: 1885: 1875: 1874: 1857: 1856: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1790: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1705:(stage hands) 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1683: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1667: 1662: 1661:Nōgaku Kyōkai 1657: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1614: 1606: 1600: 1596: 1595: 1588: 1583: 1579: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1529: 1528: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1510: 1503: 1496: 1491: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1463: 1461: 1460: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1400: 1392: 1387: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1357: 1352: 1351: 1346: 1345: 1340: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1311: 1309: 1308:waka (poetry) 1305: 1301: 1299: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1280: 1276: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1233: 1227: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1216:Kasuga-taisha 1213: 1209: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1182: 1177: 1176: 1171: 1170: 1165: 1164: 1159: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1144: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1124: 1123: 1118: 1112: 1106: 1092: 1087: 1074: 1070: 1064: 1059: 1050: 1048: 1047: 1042: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1013: 1008: 1004: 1003: 998: 994: 990: 984: 983:Sino-Japanese 979: 972: 965: 954: 949: 947: 942: 940: 935: 934: 932: 931: 926: 916: 915: 914: 913: 906: 903: 902: 898:Organisations 894: 893: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 873: 872: 868: 862: 861: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 830: 826: 820: 819: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 768: 764: 758: 757: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 711: 707: 701: 700: 693: 690: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 674: 670: 666: 660: 659: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 638: 634: 628: 627: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 601: 597: 591: 590: 583: 580: 578: 577:New religions 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 564: 560: 554: 553: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 535:Shichi-Go-San 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 507: 503: 497: 496: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 475: 471: 465: 464: 457: 454: 452: 451:Urban legends 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 438: 434: 430: 424: 423: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 363: 359: 353: 352: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 311: 307: 301: 300: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 264: 260: 254: 253: 246: 243: 241: 240:Naval history 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 183: 179: 173: 172: 168: 164: 163: 159: 155: 154: 150: 146: 145: 137: 132: 128: 126: 122: 118: 114: 109: 106: 103: 99: 96: 93: 89: 85: 81: 78: 75: 71: 66: 62: 57: 52: 48: 47: 41: 36: 33: 29: 22: 5393:Royall Tyler 5300: 5278: 5253: 5231: 5221: 5214: 5204: 5184:. Retrieved 5180:the original 5175: 5166: 5150:(2): 34–50. 5147: 5141: 5128: 5119: 5113: 5093: 5086: 5075:. Retrieved 5071: 5062: 5050:. Retrieved 5046:the original 5041: 5032: 5020:. Retrieved 5014: 5001: 4989:. Retrieved 4983: 4973: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4924:. Retrieved 4920:The Guardian 4918: 4908: 4896:. Retrieved 4892: 4879: 4867:. Retrieved 4863:The Scotsman 4861: 4852: 4833: 4824: 4805: 4796: 4784:. Retrieved 4774: 4762:. Retrieved 4755:the original 4750: 4746: 4737: 4729: 4720: 4714: 4705: 4701: 4695: 4687: 4682: 4657: 4651: 4642: 4633: 4624: 4612:. Retrieved 4605:the original 4600: 4588: 4563: 4559:Modern Drama 4557: 4551: 4524: 4520: 4492: 4459:. Retrieved 4455: 4446: 4437: 4424: 4416: 4411: 4392: 4386: 4375:. Retrieved 4365: 4339: 4312: 4295: 4288:Other Roles. 4283: 4271:. Retrieved 4267: 4246: 4226: 4220: 4201: 4161: 4151: 4139:. Retrieved 4135: 4125: 4116: 4090:. Retrieved 4086: 4057:. Retrieved 4052: 4040: 4031: 3991:Noh schools. 3971: 3952: 3946: 3898: 3878: 3836:. Retrieved 3831: 3794: 3746: 3744: 3733: 3729: 3719: 3713: 3703: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3688: 3677: 3637: 3633: 3621: 3620: 3614: 3610: 3605: 3604: 3597: 3596: 3585: 3584: 3579: 3578: 3571: 3567: 3562: 3561: 3554: 3548: 3544: 3539: 3538: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3502: 3497: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3472: 3466: 3427: 3415: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3392:The Guardian 3390: 3386: 3383:Harry Partch 3350: 3346:Curlew River 3344: 3338: 3328: 3327:(1935), and 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3295: 3291: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3244:Deguchinashi 3243: 3230:Suzanne Bing 3225: 3213: 3210:John Willett 3206:Paul Claudel 3197: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3168: 3164: 3132: 3122:2 (warrior) 3109: 3091: 3073: 3055: 3037: 3019: 3001: 2983: 2965: 2947: 2929: 2904: 2887:Famous plays 2876: 2870: 2868: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2831: 2827: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2805:Katsura mono 2804: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2782: 2778: 2773:Chikubushima 2772: 2768: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2749: 2740: 2736: 2720: 2714: 2709: 2695: 2691: 2689: 2683: 2679: 2671: 2661: 2657: 2651: 2642: 2633: 2623: 2620: 2613: 2607: 2601: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2563: 2558: 2555: 2548: 2542: 2541:(hip drum), 2536: 2530: 2527:Hayashi-kata 2526: 2511: 2508: 2503: 2496: 2494: 2487: 2481: 2471: 2467: 2461: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2441: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2415: 2404: 2388: 2378: 2373: 2369: 2367: 2358: 2348: 2346: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2330:shitebashira 2329: 2327: 2316: 2310: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2288: 2283: 2280:waki-bashira 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2196: 2180: 2164: 2148:hakushiki-jō 2130: 2114: 2098: 2076: 2052: 2045: 2041: 2036: 2032: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2004: 1989: 1985: 1968: 1958: 1954: 1952: 1838:hayashi-kata 1837: 1833: 1827: 1823: 1817: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1795: 1791: 1783: 1777: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1708: 1702: 1699:hayashi-kata 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1664: 1660: 1658: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1615: 1612: 1604: 1592: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1532: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1507: 1505: 1494: 1469: 1466:Women in Noh 1458: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1435: 1426: 1414: 1412: 1395: 1368: 1361: 1354: 1348: 1342: 1336: 1333:Tokugawa era 1322: 1319:Hōshō school 1315:Kanze school 1312: 1302: 1291:and his son 1282: 1259: 1252: 1230: 1228: 1211: 1196: 1191: 1185: 1179: 1173: 1167: 1161: 1155: 1151: 1146: 1133: 1129: 1127: 1120: 1116: 1104: 1083: 1072: 1044: 1037: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1010: 1006: 1000: 995:and his son 963: 962: 880:Coat of arms 838:Architecture 786:Martial arts 691: 572:Christianity 478:Food history 410:Tea ceremony 403: / 191:Demographics 60: 44: 32: 5186:14 December 5052:14 December 5022:14 December 4991:14 December 4926:13 December 4898:13 December 4869:13 December 4764:10 December 4708:(1/2): 143. 4614:10 December 4527:: 257–267. 4461:21 November 4430:Pound, Ezra 4290:The Noh.com 4059:21 November 3924:The Noh.com 3922:Shite-kata. 3905:The Noh.com 3838:21 November 3732:ceremonial 3691:hashigakari 3660:Taka no Kai 3622:Kabu-isshin 3463:W. B. Yeats 3435:Classicists 3359:David Byrne 3349:(1964) and 3292:Three Plays 3228:along with 3199:The Tempest 3194:Peter Brook 3180:Der Jasager 3151:Hisao Kanze 3147:Hideo Kanze 3101:At Takasago 2975:Dōjō Temple 2865:categories. 2840:genzai mono 2828:kyōran mono 2597:shime-daiko 2564:Noh-bayashi 2514:interlude. 2374:Hashigakari 2370:hashigakari 2338:wakibashira 2284:fue-bashira 1746:nochi-shite 1585: [ 1582:Kanze Sakon 1470:During the 1391:Ogata Gekkō 1337:During the 1169:shirabyōshi 1138: [ 806:Rugby union 749:Pornography 744:Video games 641:Light novel 520:Hinamatsuri 483:Ingredients 116:Inscription 5408:Categories 5372:nohmask.jp 5077:2023-01-15 4843:0571143245 4377:2018-01-18 4158:能、世阿弥の「現在」 4092:25 January 4032:能・狂言の基礎知識 3776:References 3721:makunouchi 3442:Akiko Kiso 3377:Alan Watts 3367:naturalism 3256:taught at 3104:1 (deity) 3086:3 (woman) 3068:5 (demon) 3050:3 (woman) 3032:3 (woman) 3014:3 (woman) 2996:3 (woman) 2978:4 (misc.) 2960:4 (misc.) 2942:4 (misc.) 2832:onryō mono 2783:ashura Noh 2779:Shura mono 2737:Okina hōnō 2700:flashbacks 2666:non-linear 2562:ensemble ( 2468:kami-shimo 2359:kagami-ita 2342:fuebashira 2318:kagura-den 2270:spot. 12: 2266:spot. 11: 2262:seat. 10: 1861:, hip drum 1806:Waki-tsure 1768:shitetsure 1760:shitetsure 1752:Shitetsure 1732:(仕手, シテ). 1632:(金剛), and 1476:courtesans 1472:Edo period 1339:Edo period 796:Ice hockey 791:Basketball 719:Television 633:Literature 358:Traditions 292:Ryukuyuans 215:Healthcare 4885:Kun, Josh 4674:193218129 4580:194031745 4046:"Nôgaku" 3993:Wagokoro. 3742:rituals. 3680:Surtitles 3642:(Tokyo), 3575:imitated. 3487:Purgatory 3321:Hatsuyuki 3303:Composers 3021:Matsukaze 2931:Aoi no Ue 2924:Category 2821:Matsukaze 2809:onna mono 2756:Kami mono 2618:flutist. 2609:kotsuzumi 2544:kotsuzumi 2430:wakizure, 2380:hanamichi 2214:wakaotoko 1908:kotsuzumi 1802:Wakitsure 1772:wakitsure 1742:mae-shite 1554:jo-ha-kyū 1534:Jo-ha-kyū 1509:jo-ha-kyū 1502:Jo-ha-kyū 1495:Jo-ha-kyū 1480:Meiji era 1404:Meiji era 1237:shogunate 1220:Kofuku-ji 1199:genealogy 1184:(ancient 825:Monuments 734:Media mix 687:Kayōkyoku 502:Festivals 456:Folktales 429:Mythology 371:Etiquette 306:Languages 206:Education 186:Era names 91:Reference 5335:Archived 5299:(1984). 5252:(2009). 5234:London: 5213:(1998). 5136:(1985). 4832:(1992). 4804:(2008). 4786:29 March 4738:Our Town 4632:(1959). 4436:(1959). 3834:. UNESCO 3754:See also 3684:libretto 3611:Monomane 3606:Monomane 3509:Kadensho 3440:Scholar 3402:Atsumori 3371:Josh Kun 3329:Kageyiko 3323:(1934), 3319:(1926), 3315:(1925), 3296:Our Town 3252: – 3119:Yorimasa 3111:Yorimasa 3093:Takasago 2985:Hagoromo 2939:Lady Aoi 2909:school. 2875:(翁) (or 2858:oni mono 2854:Kiri Noh 2838:plays), 2799:Atsumori 2769:Takasago 2760:waki Noh 2643:All Noh 2603:ōtsuzumi 2538:ōtsuzumi 2453:montsuki 2434:aikyōgen 2432:and the 2406:Kariginu 2395:Costumes 2307:pavilion 2299:honbutai 2115:ayahashi 1957:and one 1873:ōtsuzumi 1836:(囃子) or 1824:aikyōgen 1770:and the 1609:Training 1323:sarugaku 1241:Kamakura 1212:sarugaku 1163:sarugaku 1122:sarugaku 1063:Miyajima 1049:system. 811:Olympics 776:Baseball 567:Buddhism 559:Religion 530:Tanabata 433:folklore 396:Marriage 376:Funerals 366:Clothing 324:Ryukyuan 319:Japanese 267:Japanese 149:a series 147:Part of 5303:Trans. 3765:Shuhari 3730:o-miki, 3715:wagashi 3699:Kokaji, 3664:Fukuoka 3658:), and 3355:(1968). 3331:(1936). 3313:Komachi 3226:Kantan, 2921:Meaning 2877:Kamiuta 2791:samurai 2672:Ryōkake 2639:Subject 2592:hayashi 2559:hayashi 2444:in the 2442:samurai 2418:shozoku 2181:shikami 2099:akobujō 2029:demonic 1961:actor. 1834:Hayashi 1756:shite's 1723:hayashi 1626:Komparu 1459:sangaku 1448:plays. 1350:daimyōs 1279:Kan'ami 1232:samurai 1157:dengaku 1152:sangaku 1147:sangaku 1135:sangaku 1080:Origins 1073:Karaori 1053:History 993:Kan'ami 905:Museums 867:Symbols 614:Ikebana 609:Gardens 470:Cuisine 441:Deities 391:Wasōbon 329:Hachijō 314:Japonic 178:History 83:Domains 73:Country 5286: 5268: 5260: 5242: 5101: 4965:832944 4963: 4840: 4812: 4672: 4578: 4539: 4499: 4399: 4346: 4273:Nov 8, 4208: 4141:Nov 8, 3959: 3886: 3803: 3740:Shinto 3712:, and 3710:coffee 3591:mushin 3580:Kokoro 3566:(老弱): 3563:Rōjaku 3485:, and 3281:Hughie 3278:, and 3184:Taniko 3003:Izutsu 2967:Dōjōji 2881:Shinto 2848:Kinuta 2834:(怨霊物, 2795:Tamura 2692:Genzai 2690:While 2680:Genzai 2676:hybrid 2652:Genzai 2615:nohkan 2590:, Noh 2580:Kataru 2512:kyōgen 2504:kuroko 2498:kuroko 2472:hakama 2463:hakama 2457:kimono 2426:tsure, 2385:Kabuki 2350:hinoki 2323:Shinto 2312:haiden 2282:. 15: 2278:. 14: 2274:. 13: 2078:hannya 2025:divine 2020:hinoki 2011:nō-men 2001:moved. 1971:Shinto 1828:Kyōgen 1819:Kyōgen 1784:Jiutai 1721:, and 1719:kyōgen 1695:jiutai 1666:iemoto 1654:kyōgen 1646:iemoto 1642:iemoto 1628:(金春), 1624:(宝生), 1620:(観世), 1601:school 1527:gagaku 1454:kyōgen 1450:Kyōgen 1446:kyōgen 1442:nōgaku 1438:nōgaku 1427:nōgaku 1417:as an 1415:nōgaku 1362:joruri 1356:kabuki 1344:shōgun 1260:shōgun 1253:shōgun 1192:kyōgen 1187:Shinto 1181:kagura 1175:gagaku 1130:kyōgen 1117:nōgaku 1046:iemoto 1033:nōgaku 1025:kyōgen 1021:kyōgen 1017:nōgaku 1012:kyōgen 1007:nōgaku 1002:nōgaku 724:Cinema 682:Anison 651:Poetry 604:Bonsai 582:Shinto 488:Dishes 415:Values 386:Geisha 287:Yamato 259:People 151:on the 101:Region 4961:JSTOR 4758:(PDF) 4743:(PDF) 4670:S2CID 4608:(PDF) 4597:(PDF) 4576:S2CID 4304:(PDF) 4160:[ 3725:bentō 3695:shite 3652:Kyoto 3615:yūgen 3558:loss. 3555:yūgen 3545:Yūgen 3540:Yūgen 3457:Poets 3417:Licht 3406:Ikuta 3172:did." 3080:卒都婆小町 3057:Shōjō 2918:Kanji 2907:Kanze 2872:Okina 2862:shite 2817:Basho 2813:shite 2764:shite 2743:) on 2728:Theme 2721:Furyū 2696:Mugen 2684:Mugen 2662:shite 2658:Mugen 2645:plays 2630:Plays 2624:mugen 2568:opera 2550:flute 2532:taiko 2478:Props 2422:shite 2389:michi 2321:) of 2295:butai 2291:stage 2268:shite 2242:Stage 2165:shōjō 2037:tsure 2033:shite 2015:omote 2013:or 面 2007:masks 1990:shōjō 1977:Masks 1955:shite 1928:taiko 1884:ōkawa 1842:flute 1796:shite 1778:Kōken 1764:tsure 1738:shite 1734:Shite 1730:Shite 1711:shite 1703:kōken 1687:shite 1677:Roles 1638:shite 1630:Kongō 1622:Hōshō 1618:Kanze 1599:Kanze 1597:) of 1589:] 1550:below 1408:Osaka 1256:' 1245:Kyoto 1239:from 1142:] 1086:kanji 1029:Okina 997:Zeami 989:drama 763:Sport 729:Anime 714:Radio 706:Media 677:J-pop 665:Music 646:Manga 405:Sentō 401:Onsen 381:Games 77:Japan 5284:ISBN 5266:ISBN 5258:ISBN 5240:ISBN 5188:2014 5099:ISBN 5054:2014 5024:2014 4993:2014 4928:2014 4900:2014 4871:2014 4838:ISBN 4810:ISBN 4788:2015 4766:2014 4616:2014 4537:ISBN 4497:ISBN 4463:2019 4397:ISBN 4344:ISBN 4275:2014 4206:ISBN 4143:2014 4094:2023 4061:2019 3957:ISBN 3884:ISBN 3840:2019 3801:ISBN 3735:sake 3656:Nara 3586:shin 3572:jaku 3550:waka 3533:hana 3529:hana 3525:Hana 3521:hana 3517:hana 3513:hana 3504:Hana 3169:Kami 3149:and 3044:関寺小町 2915:Name 2715:Geki 2686:Noh. 2588:utai 2576:Utai 2428:the 2363:pine 2264:waki 2260:waki 2232:Inro 2009:(能面 2005:Noh 1959:waki 1810:waki 1792:Waki 1715:waki 1691:waki 1650:Waki 1634:Kita 1594:sōke 1359:and 1277:and 1218:and 1105:gaku 1088:for 1084:The 875:Flag 771:Sumo 667:and 510:Obon 431:and 334:Ainu 277:Ainu 125:List 5414:Noh 5391:by 5152:doi 4953:doi 4662:doi 4568:doi 4529:doi 4359:p14 4355:p11 3706:tea 3598:Myō 3583:or 3232:at 2972:道成寺 2489:obi 2484:fan 2383:in 2197:uba 2027:or 1881:or 1855:fue 1567:kyū 1546:kyū 1522:kyū 1243:to 1222:in 1132:is 1091:Noh 964:Noh 692:Noh 596:Art 61:Noh 5410:: 5264:, 5238:. 5174:. 5148:15 5146:. 5140:. 5070:. 5040:. 5013:. 4982:. 4959:. 4949:22 4947:. 4917:. 4891:. 4860:. 4751:13 4749:. 4745:. 4706:18 4704:. 4668:. 4658:20 4656:. 4599:. 4574:. 4564:11 4562:. 4535:. 4511:^ 4471:^ 4454:. 4432:; 4357:, 4324:^ 4266:. 4255:^ 4235:^ 4170:^ 4134:. 4115:. 4102:^ 4085:. 4069:^ 4051:. 4048:能楽 3998:^ 3983:^ 3929:^ 3910:^ 3848:^ 3830:. 3815:^ 3783:^ 3723:' 3708:, 3568:Rō 3553:, 3481:, 3477:, 3272:, 3242:- 3116:頼政 3098:高砂 3062:猩々 3026:松風 3008:井筒 2990:羽衣 2954:綾鼓 2936:葵上 2846:, 2819:, 2797:, 2771:, 2626:. 2600:, 2584:ma 2535:, 2436:. 1986:Nō 1944:能管 1924:, 1921:太鼓 1904:, 1901:小鼓 1891:大皮 1869:, 1866:大鼓 1851:, 1798:. 1748:. 1725:. 1717:, 1713:, 1587:ja 1569:. 1563:ha 1559:jo 1542:ha 1538:jo 1518:ha 1514:Jo 1410:. 1226:. 1194:. 1140:ja 978:Nō 975:, 208:, 95:12 5292:. 5272:. 5246:. 5190:. 5160:. 5154:: 5107:. 5080:. 5056:. 5026:. 4995:. 4967:. 4955:: 4930:. 4902:. 4873:. 4846:. 4818:. 4790:. 4768:. 4740:" 4676:. 4664:: 4618:. 4582:. 4570:: 4545:. 4531:: 4525:8 4505:. 4465:. 4405:. 4380:. 4352:. 4277:. 4214:. 4145:. 4119:. 4096:. 4063:. 3965:. 3892:. 3842:. 3809:. 3662:( 3593:. 3489:. 2902:. 2895:. 2850:) 2823:) 2801:) 2775:) 2309:( 2293:( 2085:. 1949:. 1947:) 1941:( 1932:) 1918:( 1913:) 1898:( 1894:) 1888:( 1878:) 1863:( 1859:) 1848:笛 1845:( 1812:. 1774:. 1111:楽 1107:( 1101:) 1098:能 1095:( 971:能 967:( 952:e 945:t 938:v 30:. 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index