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Cultura y las Artes, Instituto
Nacional de Bellas Artes, Conservatorio Nacional de Música, 2012. - La ópera en México: De la Independencia al inicio de la Revolución (1821–1910). By José Octaviano Sosa. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes y Literatura, Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes, 2010. - 200 años del espectáculo: Ciudad de México. Edited by María Cristina García Cepeda, Déborah Holtz, and Juan Carlos Mena. Mexico City: Auditorio Nacional, Trilce Ediciones, Editorial Océano de México, 2010. - Puntos de vista. Ensayos de crítica. By Alba Herrera y Ogazón. Introduction by Yael Bitrán Goren. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes,, Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes 2012 (facsimile of original edition published Mexico City: Secretaría de Gobernación, 1920). - Álbum de Ricardo Castro: Investigación iconográfica y documental. By Gloria Carmona. Mexico City: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes, 2009. - José Rolón: Músico. By Ricardo Miranda. Creadores Artísticos de Jalisco, vol. 2. Guadalajara: Secretaría de Cultura Jalisco, 2009. - Canto roto: Silvestre Revueltas. By Julio Estrada. Vida y Pensamiento de México. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica, Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México>, 2012. - Silvestre Revueltas en escena y pantalla: La música de Silvestre Revueltas para el cine y la escena. By Eduardo Contreras Soto. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes y Literatura, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2012. - La música en los siglos XIX y XX. Edited by Ricardo Miranda and Aurelio Tello. El Patriomio Histórico y Cultural de México (1810–2010), vol. 4. Mexico City: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes, 2013. - La música en México: Panorama del siglo XX. Edited by Aurelio Tello. Biblioteca Mexicana: Serie Historia y Antropología. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica, Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes, 2010".
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founded an opera company and academy within the INBA that sought to give the opportunity to aspiring artists to learn, perform, and compose opera in Mexico. Apart from Chavez’s interest in expanding the availability of opera in Mexico, he himself was a skilled composer who integrated aspects of
Indianism into his work, infusing traditional Italian opera with Latin American culture. Because of his broad influence, this new style became popular in Mexico from the 1920s to 1950s, despite having been introduced earlier.
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165:(c. 1678–1755) being considered the first and most important early opera composer. Outside of Perú and Mexico, opera was slower to gain a foothold, and it wasn't until the early to mid-19th century that other nations in Latin America began producing their own opera composers. Many of these 19th-century operas focus on the historical conflict between Europeans and indigenous peoples and were influenced by
149:, and is the only surviving opera by Torrejón y Velasco. It tells the myth of the love of Venus and Adonis, which provoked Mars's jealousy and his desire for vengeance. Although the libretto follows the Greek myth, the tragic love story is seen as a resemblance of the alliance that was formed from a political marriage between the Spanish and French monarchies.
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1114:. All of these composers have been relegated by official musical historiography, which only recognizes the work of nationalist composers. Since the end of the 20th century in Mexico (and in all of Latin America), composers are increasingly interested in writing opera. Important Mexican opera composers in the early 21st century include
1418:; were all premiered in Florida, USA in 2001, 2002, and 2003. For these three Children Operas, Constantinidis received the "Educator of Note Award 2003" by the “Ethel and W. George Kennedy Family Foundation”, and the Young Patronesses of the Opera, the Florida Grand Opera. In 2024 Ángel Hernández Lovera premiered the ópera
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Koegel, John (February 2015). "Música de la
Independencia a la Revolución. Artes de México, 97. Mexico City: Artes de México, 2010, with compact disc. - Arias de opera para soprano. By Melesio Morales. Introduction by Karl Bellinghausen. Edited by Sonia Machorro. Mexico City: Consejo Nacional para la
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In the 1940s, Carlos Chavez was the director of the
Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes (INBA), which was a federal institution to protect and administer the fine arts. Before it was created, Mexican composers were limited in the work they could output, and faced many roadblocks. Chavez, additionally,
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who went on to make the script for "Eterna flotación: Los
Monstruito’" from two poems of Fogwill, "Contra el Cristal de La Pecera de Acuario" (Against the Glass of the Aquarium) " and "El Antes de los Monstruito" from the book "Lo Dado", to transform them into a continuous discourse that functions as
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and commissioned by Perú's
Culture Ministry, was premiered in Peru's Grand National Theater by Peru's National Orchestra, National Ballet, National Folklore Ensamble, National Chorus and National Children Chorus. In October 2013 Nilo Velarde's Opera "La Ciudad Bajo el Mar", with libretto by Maritza
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Although Mexico and other countries had already begun producing their own opera, Europe’s opinion of these new operas was regarded as more important than Latin
America’s own opinion. Moreover, most performers in Mexico were European, and it took a substantial amount of time before Mexico gained its
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In the 20th century many nationalist operas were composed across Latin
America, with particularly thriving opera scenes in Mexico, Argentina and Brazil. Today, there are numerous active opera houses throughout Latin America and composers continue to write new operas. We also have organizations such
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dates back to at least the early 18th century. Newspaper articles suggest that, around the time that
Italian opera was introduced to Latin America, it was received with some disdain due to the language barrier. However, translations in the librettos of certain operas suggest that there was greater
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203:, the most important Mexican baroque composer. This opera is particularly important because it was the first opera composed in North America and the first opera composed in the Americas by someone from the Americas.
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is considered the first
Uruguayan opera. It premiered in September 1878. The work was very successful and awakened public interest in operas written by Uruguayan composers. Because of this success, the Uruguayan
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In the 19th and 20th century, a number of operas were produced in Latin America in which conflict between Europeans and indigenous peoples was a theme. Among the most important operas of this type are
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a dramatic text. The opera dealt with the presidency of Menem and the era of decadency, leading to the headline by music critic, Juan Carlos Montero, "The Poetic versus Social Degradation."
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1990:
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1564:(Introduction to the critical edition of the score and libretto), Ediciones Iberautor Promociones culturales S.R.L. / Instituto Complutense de Ciencias Musicales, 1999,
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was the first conscious attempt to incorporate pre-Hispanic elements into the formal characteristics of opera. Other important 19th-century Mexican operas are
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interest from Latin Americans than the news had credited. Opera arrived in Latin America as a consequence of European colonization. On October 19, 1701,
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2015:
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Béhague, Gerard (2006). "Indianism in Latin American Art-Music Composition of the 1920s to 1940s: Case Studies from Mexico, Peru, and Brazil".
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Ochs, Anna (2011). "Operatic Achievements on the European Scale: French and English Correspondents in Late Nineteenth-Century Mexico".
550:
974:, a New York-based non-profit with a mission to create new repertoire based on collaboration of Brazilian and international artists.
693:, opera developed with the massive European (mainly Italian) immigration at the beginning of the century and with the opening of the
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In November 2012 chamber operas "Secreto", "La Cena", "Post Mortem", "María Fernanda se reb(v)ela" and "Sacrificio" by composers
39:
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Araico, Susana Hernández (1993). "Of Banquets, Borders, and Baroque Mexico: Sor Juana and the First 'New World' Opera".
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Núñez, was premiered in Perú's Grand National Theatre by the National Children Chorus. In December 2015 Jimmy Lopez's "
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381:. This tradition formed part of a turn-of-the-century operatic movement, in which other important figures included
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were very successful among the public of Mexico City, and premiered in Europe. The last opera by Melesio Morales,
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in 1908 where most of those world premieres took place. The most influential Argentinian opera composers include
235:, with texts in Italian. However, Gomes often used typically Brazilian themes in his work, such as in his operas
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Saavedra, L. (2 July 2008). "Staging the Nation: Race, Religion, and History in Mexican Opera of the 1940s".
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who has written both, music and libretto for several lyrical works: two Dramatic Contemporary Operas,
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942:. Contemporary Brazilian opera continues these avant-garde tendencies, as is the case with works like
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2019:
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173:. Mexican zarzuelas, as well as revistas, soon arose from Spanish influence and gained popularity.
133:, the first opera known to be composed and performed in the Americas. It is an opera in one act by
2090:"Coro Nacional de Niños presenta ópera peruana La ciudad bajo el mar | Ministerio de Cultura"
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335:. The work of Ricardo Castro is a part of the tradition of historic, nationalist operas, such as
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Morales's last period of composition coincided with the creation of operas in Mexico by his son
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and Opera Hispanica who are promoting new Latin American operatic repertoire internationally.
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1406:, the Experimental Short Opera, was premiered in England in 2011. The three Children Operas:
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in 1879. Other Uruguayan composers that wrote opera in this era, motivated by the success of
1572:(reprinted with permission of the publisher on Mundoclasico.com). Accessed 5 September 2008.
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was an important figure in Mexican opera, along with composers similar to him, including
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written by Federico Ruiz (Venezuela) and the three Ecuadorian operas based on the novel
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In 2006 Centre for Experimentation (CETC) of Teatro Colón, proposed that national poet
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in 1892 during the celebration of the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America.
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Important Brazilian opera composers in the first half of the 20th century include
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In recent years other Argentinean opera composers include Roberto Garcia Morillo (
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by José Ángel Montero in the 1860s. Montero also premiered the one-act zarzuelas
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Volpe, Maria Alice (2002). "Remaking the Brazilian Myth of National Foundation:
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were premiered in the French Alliance Theatre. All five operas had librettos by
1363:, work premiered in concert and in full stage production in Caracas, Venezuela.
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may be considered the first truly Brazilian opera, with a text in Portuguese by
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operatic tradition based on Mayan legends. These composers typically work in
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1402:, was premiered in concert in England 2015 and in Miami, USA also in 2015.
272:(premiered during the commemorative festivities for the birthday of Emperor
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Another interesting group is those composers that have tried to develop a
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Opera has been present in Cuba since the latest part of the 18th century.
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In contemporary Venezuela, there are great lyrical composers, including
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157:. It is within that nation that the first indigenous opera composers of
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Vogeley, Nancy (June 1996). "Italian Opera in Early National Mexico".
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are the most important in Mexico in the 19th century. His operas
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Latin American Music Review / Revista de Música Latinoamericana
474:, who incorporated typically Venezuelan rhythms into his work.
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has been composed, but the first to premiere is believed to be
154:
2796:
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2512:
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1831:
1328:). Today, most operatic activity in Venezuela takes place at
1234:, a full opera premiered in 2006 commissioned by the city of
588:(Mexico, 1864–1907); the three eponymous operas based on the
232:
150:
134:
3015:
2708:
2298:
316:, which was composed in 1908, did not premiere until 2000.
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own control over its own opera companies and performances.
2042:"La ópera breve contemporánea llega a la Alianza Francesa"
1495:
List of Latin American and South American opera companies
454:, and many others. Another major Venezuelan composer was
2155:
2139:
Grout, Donald Jay and Williams, Hermine Weigel (2003).
966:, and "Tamanduá (The Anteater) – A Brazilian Opera" by
2068:"Programa de mano "AKAS KÄS, la promesa del guerrero""
1931:"Noticias de Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela y el mundo"
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211:
The first opera composed and premiered in Brazil was
707:
was commissioned for the Colón inaugural season and
466:. Hahn's work was greatly influenced by his teacher
153:performances were performed also in the country of
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1238:on its tricentennial celebration. Other operas by
1074:. In the first half of the 20th century, composer
3779:
656:Argentine composer and conductor Ettore Panizza.
899:work with the composer of his choice. He chose
576:(1836–1896), based on a novel by the Brazilian
3384:
2171:
3718:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1398:were premiered in Concert in England 2017.
972:International Brazilian Opera Company (IBOC)
470:. In zarzuela, another important figure was
179:International Brazilian Opera Company (IBOC)
401:(Argentina), Miguel Rojas (Argentina), and
3391:
3377:
2178:
2164:
3398:
1723:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O005192
1620:Journal of the Society for American Music
1351:Other recent premieres include the opera
227:. The most famous Brazilian composer was
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1856:
1775:Grout and Williams Weigel (2003) p. 561.
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1886:
1707:Béhague, Gerard (2002). "Schiavo, Lo".
1706:
1516:
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1975:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1616:
1581:
1458:'s opera "Akas Kas", with libretto by
719:from 1929 his most famous opera, also
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1882:
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1852:
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1848:
1811:"Poética sobre la degradación social"
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206:
184:
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1512:
1510:
1280:. Other important composers include
420:in 1847. (However, many have called
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
3353:
648:20th century and contemporary opera
13:
2044:. 21 November 2012. Archived from
1877:
1845:
1318:(author of the famous opera buffa
803:, 1924), Hector Iglesias Villoud (
771:, 1934), Eduardo Garcia Mansilla (
231:. Many of his operas premiered in
14:
3804:
3260:Cross-dressing in music and opera
1739:
1507:
996:Recent Ecuadorian operas include
916:, the composer of operas such as
630:Cumandá o la virgen de las selvas
614:Cumandá o un drama entre salvajes
3594:
3561:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
3352:
3342:
3333:
3332:
3322:
2016:"Young Patronesses of the Opera"
1378:; one Experimental Short Opera,
1226:Recent Uruguayan operas include
219:; the text has since been lost.
20:
3323:
2103:
2082:
2060:
2034:
2008:
1983:
1944:
1923:
1832:"International Brazilian Opera"
1824:
1803:
408:The first Venezuelan opera was
31:needs additional citations for
1778:
1769:
1700:
1638:
1610:
1575:
1545:
634:Pedro Pablo Traversari Salazar
1:
2145:, Columbia University Press.
1500:
1382:; and three Children Operas,
1366:Venezuelan-American composer
1022:; and the instrumental opera
763:, 1914), Pascual De Rogatis (
664:Heitor Villa-Lobos circa 1922
254:The nineteenth-century opera
2092:(in Spanish). Cultura.gob.pe
846:, 1973), Juan Carlos Zorzi (
596:, written, respectively, by
7:
3134:Historical opera characters
1889:Latin American Music Review
1478:
807:, 1953), Virtú Maragno and
775:,1917), Constantino Gaito (
672:Composer Alberto Ginastera.
594:José Zorrilla de San Martín
543:José Zorrilla de San Martín
500:The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
139:Tomás de Torrejón y Velasco
10:
3809:
3199:Operas set in the Crusades
2133:
1422:conducted by Elisa Vega.
1257:
1250:both premiered in the US.
981:
866:, 1996), Gerardo Gandini (
791:, 1920), Gilardo Gilardi (
785:La sangre de las guitarras
753:Proserpina y el extranjero
642:Sixto María Durán Cárdenas
578:José Martiniano de Alencar
213:José Maurício Nunes Garcia
147:Pedro Calderón de la Barca
3736:
3703:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
3603:
3592:
3404:
3318:
3242:
3144:Azerbaijani opera singers
3109:
2971:
2950:
2784:
2648:
2416:
2291:
2193:
2185:
1632:10.1017/s1752196314000558
1551:Stein, Louise K. (1999),
1531:10.1215/00267929-57-2-279
1519:Modern Language Quarterly
1348:have recently premiered.
1208:José Carlos Ibáñez Olvera
503:; the opera premiered in
266:Agorante, rey de la Nubia
129:premiered in Lima in the
3723:Turks and Caicos Islands
2907:Special effects director
2469:Comédie mêlée d'ariettes
2228:Western opera in Chinese
2142:A short history of opera
1991:"Los Martirios de Colón"
1490:List of Argentine operas
1471:and commissioned by the
1444:Rafael Leonardo Junchaya
1200:Gabriel de Dios Figueroa
864:La oscuridad de la razón
854:, 1993), Pompeyo Camps (
410:El maestro Rufo Zapatero
387:José María Ponce de León
383:Eliodoro Ortiz de Zárate
363:José María Valle Riestra
292:. The operatic works of
55:"Opera in Latin America"
1715:Oxford University Press
1584:Pacific Coast Philology
1332:. Here, operas such as
1204:Enrique González-Medina
1160:Manuel Henríquez Romero
1156:Enrique González Medina
1092:Sofía Cancino de Cuevas
1024:El árbol de los pájaros
897:Rodolfo Enrique Fogwill
840:), Claudio Guidi-Drei (
836:, 1977) Mario Perusso (
787:), 1927, Floro Ugarte (
598:Arturo Cosgaya Ceballos
444:El Cumpleaños de Leonor
3793:Music of Latin America
3638:British Virgin Islands
3290:Orchestral enhancement
2927:Supporting role singer
2464:Comédie en vaudevilles
2258:Opera in Latin America
1485:List of Mexican operas
1473:Lyric Opera of Chicago
1416:The First ThanksGiving
1392:The First ThanksGiving
1342:Los martirios de Colón
1321:Los Martirios de Colón
1268:, whose works include
1228:Time and Again Barelas
1108:Francisco Camacho Vega
799:, 1934), Athos Palma (
773:La angelical manuelita
745:La zapatera prodigiosa
681:
673:
665:
657:
610:Los Martirios de Colon
440:Los alemanes en Italia
274:Maximilian I of Mexico
120:opera in Latin America
3551:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3399:Opera in the Americas
3219:Science fiction opera
3149:Major opera composers
2625:Science fiction opera
1901:10.1353/lat.2006.0016
1663:10.1353/lat.2002.0019
1554:La púrpura de la Rosa
1436:Gonzalo Garrido Lecca
1368:Sylvia Constantinidis
1359:, with a libretto by
1330:Teatro Teresa Carreño
1324:, with a libretto by
1296:Pedro Blanco Vilariño
1004:, based on the story
881:Maria de Buenos Aires
797:La leyenda del urutaú
757:Carlos López Buchardo
749:Federico Garcia Lorca
679:
671:
663:
655:
600:(Mexico, 1869–1937),
472:Pedro Elías Gutiérrez
460:Le Merchand de Venise
458:, his operas include
434:) . Earlier, various
432:Antonio Guzmán Blanco
126:La púrpura de la rosa
2857:Charge scenic artist
1789:Performance archives
1467:", with libretto by
1394:. Some scenes from
1192:Ricardo Zohn-Muldoon
574:Antonio Carlos Gomes
523:premiered his opera
491:Esmeralda, la gitana
399:Francisco Hargreaves
351:Antônio Carlos Gomes
323:, and the operas of
260:by Mexican composer
229:Antônio Carlos Gomes
40:improve this article
3728:U.S. Virgin Islands
3571:Trinidad and Tobago
3416:Antigua and Barbuda
3255:Country house opera
3159:North Korean operas
2942:Wardrobe supervisor
2922:Supernumerary actor
2847:Lighting technician
2635:Tragédie en musique
2196:national traditions
2022:on 24 December 2009
1859:The Opera Quarterly
1454:. In December 2012
1312:Froilán el Infausto
1266:María Luisa Escobar
1112:Efraín Pérez Cámara
838:La voz del silencio
769:La novia del hereje
539:eponymous 1888 poem
487:Oscar Camps y Soler
221:A Noite de São João
199:. Its music was by
189:In 1711, the opera
131:Viceroyalty of Peru
3481:Dominican Republic
3234:Zarzuela composers
3204:Operetta composers
3194:Operas by composer
2742:Tenore contraltino
2590:Pastorale héroïque
2283:Opera in Venezuela
2070:. 10 December 2012
1794:2010-05-15 at the
1710:Grove Music Online
1560:2006-05-24 at the
1357:Gerardo Gerulewicz
1260:Opera in Venezuela
1100:Arnulfo Miramontes
1084:Juan León Mariscal
1006:The Secret Miracle
914:Heitor Villa-Lobos
682:
674:
666:
658:
636:(1874–1956), and
602:Heliodoro Oseguera
428:José Ángel Montero
371:Pascual de Rogatis
225:Elias Álvares Lobo
207:19th-century opera
185:18th-century opera
3775:
3774:
3366:
3365:
3224:Television operas
3189:Opera librettists
2887:Property designer
2508:Dramma per musica
2223:Azerbaijani opera
1913:Project MUSE
1871:10.1093/oq/kbn018
1732:978-1-56159-263-0
1690:Project MUSE
1282:Hector Pellegatti
1240:Miguel del Aguila
1232:Miguel del Aguila
1144:Luis Jaime Cortez
1128:Marcela Rodríguez
1080:Antonio Gomezanda
1015:Manuela y Bolívar
1010:Jorge Luis Borges
1002:Mesías Maiguashca
970:, founder of the
932:Camargo Guarnieri
868:La ciudad ausente
809:Alberto Ginastera
725:Ariana y Dyonisos
531:wrote one opera,
448:El Charlatán Mudo
418:José María Osorio
325:Felipe Villanueva
290:Felipe Villanueva
116:
115:
108:
90:
3800:
3788:Opera by country
3693:Saint Barthélemy
3653:Falkland Islands
3598:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3370:
3369:
3356:
3355:
3346:
3336:
3335:
3328:Outline of opera
3326:
3325:
3139:Prominent operas
3129:Christmas operas
3124:Argentine operas
3091:Vocal resonation
2972:Singing concepts
2832:Costume designer
2747:Tenore di grazia
2615:Romantische Oper
2595:Posse mit Gesang
2304:Aria di sorbetto
2292:Opera components
2278:Opera in Ukraine
2233:Opera in English
2208:Origins of opera
2203:History of opera
2180:
2173:
2166:
2157:
2156:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2113:. Archived from
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2018:. Archived from
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1993:. Archived from
1987:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1954:. Archived from
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1854:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1746:
1737:
1736:
1713:(8th ed.).
1704:
1698:
1697:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1579:
1573:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1514:
1278:Princesa Girasol
1274:Orquídeas Azules
1248:Composer Missing
1216:Emmanuel Vázquez
1140:Roberto Bañuelas
1124:Leandro Espinosa
1052:Cosgaya Ceballos
834:El caso Maillard
761:El sueño de Alma
737:Juan José Castro
680:Juan José Castro
489:wrote his opera
333:Gustavo E. Campa
282:Leonardo Canales
201:Manuel de Zumaya
163:Manuel de Zumaya
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3746:Central America
3732:
3607:
3599:
3590:
3407:
3400:
3397:
3367:
3362:
3314:
3250:Concert version
3238:
3174:Opera festivals
3169:Opera directors
3164:Opera companies
3105:
2973:
2967:
2946:
2897:Set constructor
2780:
2673:Soprano sfogato
2644:
2575:Opera semiseria
2424:Azione teatrale
2412:
2287:
2248:Hungarian opera
2243:Opera in German
2195:
2189:
2184:
2136:
2131:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2095:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2000:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1952:"Archived copy"
1950:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1885:
1878:
1855:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1796:Wayback Machine
1783:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1705:
1701:
1643:
1639:
1615:
1611:
1596:10.2307/1316628
1580:
1576:
1562:Wayback Machine
1550:
1546:
1515:
1508:
1503:
1481:
1294:with lyrics by
1292:El Negro Miguel
1284:(author of the
1262:
1116:Federico Ibarra
1104:Rafael J. Tello
1096:José F. Vásquez
1076:Julián Carrillo
1068:Cárdenas Samada
1048:Mérida, Yucatán
1020:Diego Luzuriaga
986:
956:Ronaldo Miranda
940:Pedro Malazarte
901:Oscar Edelstein
886:Osvaldo Golijov
876:Ástor Piazzolla
805:El Oro del Inca
741:Bodas de sangre
650:
626:Luis H. Salgado
537:, based on the
493:, based on the
478:Tomás Giribaldi
403:Edoardo Torrens
298:Romeo y Julieta
294:Melesio Morales
278:Pirro de Aragón
209:
187:
118:The history of
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
3806:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3762:
3760:
3755:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3708:Sint Eustatius
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3643:Cayman Islands
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3612:
3601:
3600:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3373:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3350:
3340:
3330:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3209:Orphean operas
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3154:Mexican operas
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3115:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3086:Vocal register
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3011:Coup de glotte
3008:
3003:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2977:
2975:
2974:and techniques
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2937:Video designer
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2842:Make-up artist
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2774:Basso profondo
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2712:
2702:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2660:
2654:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2518:Festa teatrale
2515:
2510:
2505:
2503:Dramma giocoso
2500:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2417:Types of opera
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2361:Divertissement
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2334:Insertion aria
2331:
2326:
2324:Catalogue aria
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2218:Armenian opera
2215:
2213:Albanian opera
2210:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2117:on 10 May 2017
2102:
2081:
2059:
2048:on 10 May 2017
2033:
2007:
1982:
1943:
1922:
1876:
1844:
1823:
1802:
1777:
1768:
1738:
1731:
1699:
1657:(2): 179–194.
1637:
1626:(1): 108–126.
1609:
1590:(2): 121–128.
1574:
1544:
1525:(2): 279–288.
1505:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1480:
1477:
1440:Sadiel Cuentas
1432:Clara Petrozzi
1361:Xiomara Moreno
1258:Main article:
1212:Víctor Mendoza
1196:Isaac Bañuelos
1164:Leopoldo Novoa
1152:Gabriela Ortiz
1136:Javier Álvarez
1132:Víctor Rasgado
1064:Rivera Velador
1060:Ricalde Moguel
1056:Ríos Escalante
982:Main article:
968:Joao MacDowell
964:Silvio Barbato
934:, composer of
848:Antigona Velez
699:Ettore Panizza
649:
646:
618:Juan León Mera
606:Alfonso Broqua
604:(Mexico), and
586:Ricardo Castro
564:Aniceto Ortega
529:Alfonso Broqua
517:Alfonso Broqua
468:Jules Massenet
391:Augusto Azzali
379:Jesús Castillo
341:Aniceto Ortega
329:Ricardo Castro
270:Miguel Meneses
262:Aniceto Ortega
208:
205:
186:
183:
161:emerged, with
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3805:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3768:
3767:
3766:South America
3763:
3761:
3759:
3758:Latin America
3756:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3741:North America
3739:
3738:
3735:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3658:French Guiana
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3597:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3576:United States
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3403:
3394:
3389:
3387:
3382:
3380:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3359:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3339:
3331:
3329:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3285:Opera glasses
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:Miscellaneous
3241:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3111:List articles
3108:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3041:Messa di voce
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2958:Breeches role
2956:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2917:Stage manager
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2872:Pit orchestra
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:Opera manager
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2807:Choreographer
2805:
2803:
2802:Ballet dancer
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2764:Bass-baritone
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2700:Mezzo-soprano
2698:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2528:Literaturoper
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2459:Opéra comique
2457:
2455:
2454:Opéra bouffon
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2429:Chamber opera
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2273:Spanish opera
2271:
2269:
2268:Russian opera
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2253:Italian opera
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2192:
2188:
2181:
2176:
2174:
2169:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2091:
2085:
2069:
2063:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2021:
2017:
2011:
1997:on 2012-03-04
1996:
1992:
1986:
1978:
1972:
1958:on 2012-03-01
1957:
1953:
1947:
1932:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1881:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1833:
1827:
1812:
1806:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1772:
1764:
1760:
1757:(1/2): 3–11.
1756:
1752:
1751:Opera Journal
1745:
1743:
1734:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1703:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1460:Celeste Viale
1457:
1453:
1452:Maritza Núñez
1449:
1448:Alvaro Zúñiga
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1412:Ponce de Leon
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1388:Ponce de Leon
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1346:Federico Ruiz
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1326:Aquiles Nazoa
1323:
1322:
1317:
1316:Federico Ruíz
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1188:Mathias Hinke
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1168:Hilda Paredes
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:Julio Estrada
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
993:
989:
985:
984:Opera in Cuba
980:
979:
975:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
948:Jorge Antunes
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
924:
919:
915:
910:
909:
905:
902:
898:
894:
892:
887:
883:
882:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
844:
839:
835:
830:
828:
827:
822:
821:
820:Beatrix Cenci
816:
815:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
751:'s plays and
750:
747:, both after
746:
742:
739:(composer of
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
705:
701:(whose opera
700:
696:
692:
687:
686:
678:
670:
662:
654:
645:
644:(1875–1947).
643:
639:
635:
631:
628:(1903–1977),
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
570:
565:
561:
557:
553:
552:
546:
544:
540:
536:
535:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
501:
496:
492:
488:
483:
479:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:Reynaldo Hahn
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:
419:
415:
411:
406:
405:(Argentina).
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:Julio Morales
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:
252:
248:
246:
245:
240:
239:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:I Due Gemelli
214:
204:
202:
198:
195:premiered in
194:
193:
182:
180:
174:
172:
171:Spanish opera
168:
164:
160:
159:Latin America
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
127:
121:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
3764:
3757:
3713:Sint Maarten
3698:Saint Martin
3605:Dependencies
3295:Regietheater
3280:Opera gloves
3214:Radio operas
3184:Opera houses
3179:Opera genres
3096:Vocal weight
3056:Sprechgesang
2827:Set designer
2785:Participants
2725:Haute-contre
2715:Countertenor
2610:Rescue opera
2565:Opéra féerie
2560:Opéra-ballet
2555:Number opera
2533:Mugham opera
2449:Opéra bouffe
2439:Ballad opera
2329:Da capo aria
2263:Polish opera
2257:
2238:French opera
2141:
2119:. Retrieved
2115:the original
2111:"Erik Rousi"
2105:
2094:. Retrieved
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2046:the original
2036:
2024:. Retrieved
2020:the original
2010:
1999:. Retrieved
1995:the original
1985:
1960:. Retrieved
1956:the original
1946:
1934:. Retrieved
1925:
1895:(1): 28–37.
1892:
1888:
1862:
1858:
1835:. Retrieved
1826:
1814:. Retrieved
1805:
1799:(in Spanish)
1785:Teatro Colón
1780:
1771:
1754:
1750:
1708:
1702:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1623:
1619:
1612:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1553:
1547:
1522:
1518:
1456:Nilo Velarde
1429:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1352:
1350:
1341:
1333:
1319:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1291:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1184:Samuel Zyman
1120:Daniel Catán
1088:Julia Alonso
1072:Jebe Halfdan
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1028:Arturo Rodas
1023:
1013:
1005:
998:Los Enemigos
997:
995:
991:
990:
987:
977:
976:
959:
952:A Tempestade
951:
943:
939:
935:
927:
921:
917:
911:
907:
906:
889:
879:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
841:
837:
833:
831:
824:
818:
812:
811:composer of
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
752:
744:
740:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
713:Felipe Boero
711:from 1939),
708:
703:
695:Teatro Colón
688:
684:
683:
637:
629:
621:
613:
609:
589:
581:
567:
559:
556:León Ribeiro
549:
547:
532:
524:
521:León Ribeiro
513:León Ribeiro
508:
498:
490:
481:
476:
463:
459:
451:
447:
443:
439:
421:
416:composed by
409:
407:
395:León Ribeiro
393:(Colombia),
389:(Colombia),
375:Quiché Vinak
374:
366:
358:
354:
344:
336:
318:
313:
309:
306:Gino Corsini
305:
301:
297:
285:
277:
265:
255:
253:
249:
242:
236:
220:
216:
210:
190:
188:
175:
169:, a form of
124:
119:
117:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
3683:Puerto Rico
3610:territories
3556:Saint Lucia
3491:El Salvador
3358:WikiProject
3275:Opera cloak
3265:Opera house
3101:Voice types
3081:Vocal range
3006:Convenienze
2991:Chest voice
2902:Set dresser
2877:Prima donna
2797:Choirmaster
2658:Boy soprano
2650:Voice types
2600:Radio opera
2580:Opera seria
2523:Grand opera
2481:Savoy opera
2444:Opera buffa
2434:Comic opera
2194:History and
1865:(1): 1–21.
1338:Alexis Rago
1302:(author of
1300:Alexis Rago
1236:Albuquerque
1180:Juan Trigos
1176:René Torres
1172:Mario Stern
960:O Cientista
936:Um Homem Só
872:Liederkreis
870:, 1995 and
862:, 1990 and
856:La hacienda
850:, 1991 and
814:Don Rodrigo
767:, 1916 and
731:, 1923 and
608:(Uruguay);
560:Guatimotzin
558:(Uruguay);
509:La Parisina
497:1831 novel
495:Victor Hugo
482:La Parisina
414:opera buffa
397:(Uruguay),
337:Guatimotzin
257:Guatimotzin
197:Mexico City
3782:Categories
3678:Montserrat
3673:Martinique
3668:Guadeloupe
3466:Costa Rica
3051:Portamento
3031:Head voice
3026:Falsettone
2996:Coloratura
2951:Role types
2932:Technician
2892:Répétiteur
2817:Impresario
2812:Dramaturge
2668:Coloratura
2630:Semi-opera
2570:Opera film
2538:Melodramma
2403:Ritornello
2398:Recitative
2151:0231119585
2096:2017-03-24
2026:24 January
2001:2009-12-17
1962:2009-12-17
1763:1316619884
1647:Il Guarany
1570:8480482923
1501:References
1244:Cuauhtemoc
717:El Matrero
569:Il Guarany
566:(Mexico);
511:, include
505:Montevideo
464:Ciboulette
452:La Modista
346:Il Guarany
244:Lo schiavo
238:Il Guarany
96:March 2010
66:newspapers
3751:Caribbean
3663:Greenland
3586:Venezuela
3531:Nicaragua
3501:Guatemala
3421:Argentina
3406:Sovereign
3310:Surtitles
3300:Sitzprobe
3270:Opera hat
3066:Tessitura
3046:Passaggio
3000:Fioritura
2986:Cantabile
2981:Bel canto
2912:Stagehand
2792:Conductor
2754:Baritenor
2720:Sopranist
2705:Contralto
2678:Soubrette
2605:Regieoper
2585:Pasticcio
2543:Monodrama
2491:Spieloper
2486:Singspiel
2376:Mad scene
2366:Leitmotif
2339:Rage aria
2319:Cantabile
2314:Cabaletta
1909:191297276
1687:A94773118
1679:191286736
1539:162163744
1469:Nilo Cruz
1465:Bel Canto
1353:Gertrudis
1334:El Páramo
1304:El Páramo
1254:Venezuela
1044:Yucatecan
891:Ainadamar
874:, 2000),
755:, 1952),
735:, 1937),
691:Argentina
685:Argentina
620:, namely
436:zarzuelas
385:(Chile),
359:Atahualpa
310:Cleopatra
302:Ildegonda
192:Partenope
137:composer
3618:Anguilla
3566:Suriname
3541:Paraguay
3516:Honduras
3476:Dominica
3461:Colombia
3431:Barbados
3338:Category
3305:Stagione
3021:Falsetto
2882:Prompter
2867:Fly crew
2759:Baritone
2730:Castrato
2693:Dramatic
2640:Zeitoper
2548:Duodrama
2496:Zarzuela
2476:Operetta
2381:Overture
2371:Libretto
2356:Cavatina
2121:24 March
2074:24 March
2052:24 March
1971:cite web
1936:24 March
1837:24 March
1816:24 March
1792:Archived
1759:ProQuest
1558:Archived
1479:See also
1400:Afrodita
1396:Araminta
1376:Afrodita
1372:Araminta
1242:include
860:Marathon
858:, 1987,
852:Don Juan
783:, 1926,
781:Ollantay
779:, 1919;
777:Petronio
727:, 1920,
709:Bizancio
551:Liropeya
423:Virginia
167:zarzuela
143:libretto
3648:Curaçao
3633:Bonaire
3628:Bermuda
3581:Uruguay
3521:Jamaica
3496:Grenada
3486:Ecuador
3441:Bolivia
3426:Bahamas
3076:Vibrato
3061:Squillo
2963:Ingénue
2837:Dresser
2663:Soprano
2620:Sainete
2391:Italian
2351:Cadenza
2134:Sources
1671:1556448
1604:1316628
1408:Lincoln
1384:Lincoln
1314:), and
1308:Miranda
1287:verismo
1270:Kanaime
1222:Uruguay
992:Ecuador
826:Bomarzo
795:, 1923;
729:Raquela
721:Tucumán
638:Cumandá
622:Cumandá
582:Atzimba
355:Ollanta
284:, and
177:as the
141:with a
135:Spanish
80:scholar
3536:Panama
3526:Mexico
3506:Guyana
3451:Canada
3446:Brazil
3436:Belize
3408:states
3348:Portal
3229:Titles
3119:Operas
3071:Timbre
3036:Legato
2688:Spinto
2386:French
2346:Ballet
2309:Arioso
2149:
1917:206742
1915:
1907:
1761:
1729:
1692:
1685:
1677:
1669:
1602:
1568:
1537:
1414:, and
1404:Aurora
1390:, and
1380:Aurora
1310:, and
1290:opera
1276:, and
1110:, and
1070:, and
1034:Mexico
930:; and
928:Aglaia
926:, and
908:Brazil
884:) and
801:Nazdah
765:Huemac
733:Siripo
723:1918,
704:Aurora
590:Tabaré
534:Tabaré
373:, and
367:Huémac
331:, and
308:, and
286:Keofar
155:Mexico
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
3623:Aruba
3511:Haiti
3456:Chile
2862:Extra
2852:Banda
2737:Tenor
2683:Lyric
2513:Farsa
2408:Rondò
2187:Opera
1905:S2CID
1694:19484
1675:S2CID
1667:JSTOR
1600:JSTOR
1535:S2CID
1420:Alice
923:Yerma
918:Izath
893:'’).
843:Medea
789:Saika
525:Colón
426:, by
412:, an
314:Anita
233:Italy
151:Opera
87:JSTOR
73:books
3688:Saba
3608:and
3546:Peru
3471:Cuba
3016:Fach
2769:Bass
2709:Alto
2299:Aria
2147:ISBN
2123:2017
2076:2017
2054:2017
2028:2011
1977:link
1938:2017
1839:2017
1818:2017
1727:ISBN
1683:Gale
1566:ISBN
1446:and
1426:Perú
1374:and
1340:and
1246:and
1214:and
978:Cuba
944:Olga
938:and
823:and
793:Ilse
743:and
515:and
462:and
357:and
241:and
59:news
1897:doi
1867:doi
1719:doi
1659:doi
1649:".
1628:doi
1592:doi
1527:doi
1355:by
1344:by
1336:by
1298:),
1230:by
1026:by
1018:by
1008:by
1000:by
962:by
954:by
946:by
689:In
640:by
632:by
624:by
616:by
592:by
584:by
572:by
562:by
554:by
541:by
480:'s
377:by
369:by
361:by
349:by
339:by
288:by
280:by
276:),
268:by
215:'s
145:by
42:by
3784::
1973:}}
1969:{{
1911:.
1903:.
1893:27
1891:.
1879:^
1863:23
1861:.
1847:^
1787:.
1755:44
1753:.
1741:^
1725:.
1717:.
1681:.
1673:.
1665:.
1655:23
1653:.
1622:.
1598:.
1588:28
1586:.
1533:.
1523:57
1521:.
1509:^
1442:,
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