Abortion - Knowledge

1055:, in the United States the risk of maternal mortality is 14 times lower after induced abortion than after childbirth. The CDC estimated in 2019 that US pregnancy-related mortality was 17.2 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, while the US abortion mortality rate was 0.43 maternal deaths per 100,000 procedures. In the UK, guidelines of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists state that "Women should be advised that abortion is generally safer than continuing a pregnancy to term." Worldwide, on average, abortion is safer than carrying a pregnancy to term. A 2007 study reported that "26% of all pregnancies worldwide are terminated by induced abortion," whereas "deaths from improperly performed procedures constitute 13% of maternal mortality globally." In Indonesia in 2000 it was estimated that 2 million pregnancies ended in abortion, 4.5 million pregnancies were carried to term, and 14–16 percent of maternal deaths resulted from abortion. 1566:: "ruled that the state's interest in the life of the fetus became compelling only at the point of viability, defined as the point at which the fetus can survive independently of its mother. Even after the point of viability, the state cannot favor the life of the fetus over the life or health of the pregnant woman. Under the right of privacy, physicians must be free to use their "medical judgment for the preservation of the life or health of the mother." On the same day that the Court decided Roe, it also decided Doe v. Bolton, in which the Court defined health very broadly: "The medical judgment may be exercised in the light of all factors—physical, emotional, psychological, familial, and the woman's age—relevant to the well-being of the patient. All these factors may relate to health. This allows the attending physician the room he needs to make his best medical judgment." 1032: 1285:. A 2011 study concluded that in the United States, some state-level anti-abortion laws are correlated with lower rates of abortion in that state. The analysis, however, did not take into account travel to other states without such laws to obtain an abortion. In addition, a lack of access to effective contraception contributes to unsafe abortion. It has been estimated that the incidence of unsafe abortion could be reduced by up to 75% (from 20 million to 5 million annually) if modern family planning and maternal health services were readily available globally. Rates of such abortions may be difficult to measure because they can be reported variously as miscarriage, "induced miscarriage", "menstrual regulation", "mini-abortion", and "regulation of a delayed/suspended menstruation". 6406:

futile resuscitation efforts. Some providers allege that feticide also facilitates delivery, although little data support this claim. Transient fetal survival is very unlikely after intraamniotic installation of saline or urea, which are directly feticidal. Transient survival with misoprostol for labor induction abortion at greater than 18 weeks ranges from 0% to 50% and has been observed in up to 13% of abortions performed with high-dose oxytocin. Factors associated with a higher likelihood of transient fetal survival with labor induction abortion include increasing gestational age, decreasing abortion interval and the use of nonfeticidal inductive agents such as the PGE1 analogues.

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and poverty, unemployment or inability to afford additional children. In addition, relationship problems with a husband or partner and a woman's perception that she is too young constitute other important categories of reasons. Women's characteristics are associated with their reasons for having an abortion: With few exceptions, older women and married women are the most likely to identify limiting childbearing as their main reason for abortion. - Conclusions - Reasons women give for why they seek abortion are often far more complex than simply not intending to become pregnant; the decision to have an abortion is usually motivated by more than one factor.

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of the feminists expressed horror at abortion, urging abstinence instead. Not so in the 20th century. In the 19th century the medical profession was fairly united against abortion; Mohr argues that this arose from the commercial competition between the 'regulars' (men with M.D.'s) and the irregulars (women without M.D.'s). ... A key role in generating prohibition laws was played by the press, ... . By 1900 the abortion-prohibition laws were immune to questioning, as they remained until the 1960's when feminists and a new breed of physicians combined to arouse the public to the injustice of the law. ... the

1345:; 42% of those using condoms reported failure through slipping or breakage. Of the other half of women, who were not using contraception at the time of becoming pregnant, the vast majority had used contraception at some point in the past, indicating some level of dissatisfaction with the contraceptive options available to them. Indeed, 32% of these contraceptive nonusers cited concerns about contraceptive methods as their reason for nonuse, and a more recent study found similar results. Taken together, these statistics suggest that new contraceptive methods, such as non-hormonal contraceptives or 1318:. The number of abortions performed worldwide was characterized as stable in the early 2000s, with 41.6 million having been performed in 2003 and 43.8 million having been performed in 2008. The abortion rate worldwide was 28 per 1000 women per year, though it was 24 per 1000 women per year for developed countries and 29 per 1000 women per year for developing countries. The same 2012 study indicated that in 2008, the estimated abortion percentage of known pregnancies was at 21% worldwide, with 26% in developed countries and 20% in developing countries. 4195:

available on the accuracy and precision of abortion estimates that were used to develop the subregional, regional, and worldwide rates, we computed intervals of certainty around these rates (webappendix). We computed wider intervals for unsafe abortion rates than for safe abortion rates. The basis for these intervals included published and unpublished assessments of abortion reporting in countries with liberal laws, recently published studies of national unsafe abortion, and high and low estimates of the numbers of unsafe abortion developed by WHO.

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before 9 weeks gestation to nearly one in ten thousand at 21 weeks or more (as measured from the last menstrual period). It appears that having had a prior surgical uterine evacuation (whether because of induced abortion or treatment of miscarriage) correlates with a small increase in the risk of preterm birth in future pregnancies. The studies supporting this did not control for factors not related to abortion or miscarriage, and hence the causes of this correlation have not been determined, although multiple possibilities have been suggested.

1580: 797: 2488:, medical authorities have recorded rises in maternal death directly and indirectly due to pregnancy as well as deaths due to doctors' fears of prosecution if they treat other gynecological emergencies. Some countries, such as Bangladesh, that nominally ban abortion, may also support clinics that perform abortions under the guise of menstrual hygiene. This is also a terminology in traditional medicine. In places where abortion is illegal or carries heavy social stigma, pregnant women may engage in 1062:, lower or similar to running a marathon, and about equivalent to traveling 760 miles (1,220 km) in a passenger car. Five years after seeking abortion services, women who gave birth after being denied an abortion reported worse health than women who had either first or second trimester abortions. The risk of abortion-related mortality increases with gestational age, but remains lower than that of childbirth. Outpatient abortion is as safe from 64 to 70 days' gestation as it before 63 days. 3500:

marathons run and at least 4 deaths among 100,000 cyclists in a large annual bicycling event. The traffic fatality rate per 758 vehicle miles traveled by passenger cars in the United States in 2007-2011 was about equal to the abortion-related mortality rate. Conclusions: The safety of induced abortion as practiced in the United States for the past decade met or exceeded expectations for outpatient surgical procedures and compared favorably to that of two common nonmedical voluntary activities.

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certain. Some older reviews concluded that abortion was associated with an increased risk of psychological problems; however, later reviews of the medical literature found that previous reviews did not use an appropriate control group. When a control group is utilized, receiving abortion is not associated with adverse psychological outcomes. However, women seeking abortion who are denied access to abortion have an increase in anxiety after the denial.

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were any. This study found that almost half of individuals who obtained an abortion after 20 weeks did not suspect that they were pregnant until later in their pregnancy. Other barriers to abortion care found in the study included lack of information about where to access an abortion, difficulties with transportation, lack of insurance coverage, and inability to pay for the abortion procedure.

19839: 1405:(CDC) reported that 26% of reported legal induced abortions in the United States were known to have been obtained at the end of 6 weeks of gestation or less, 18% at 7 weeks, 15% at 8 weeks, 18% at 9 through 10 weeks, 10% at 11 through 12 weeks, 6% at 13 through 15 weeks, 4% at 16 through 20 weeks and 1% at more than 21 weeks. 91% of these were classified as having been done by " 8105:

postabortion, relief remained the most commonly felt emotion among all women (predicted mean on 0-4 scale: 1.0; 0.6 for sadness and guilt; 0.4 for regret, anger and happiness). Despite converging levels of emotions by decision difficulty and stigma level over time, these two factors remained most important for predicting negative emotions and decision non-rightness years later.

660: 1098:, and retained products of conception requiring a second procedure to evacuate. Infections account for one-third of abortion-related deaths in the United States. The rate of complications of vacuum aspiration abortion in the first trimester is similar regardless of whether the procedure is performed in a hospital, surgical center, or office. Preventive antibiotics (such as 2737:. For example, abortion may be induced in mares that have been mated improperly, or that have been purchased by owners who did not realize the mares were pregnant, or that are pregnant with twin foals. Feticide can occur in horses and zebras due to male harassment of pregnant mares or forced copulation, although the frequency in the wild has been questioned. Male 12117:'inferior' births. ... So, to this day, women who want an abortion must get written permission from their husband, partner, or in some cases their boyfriend. ... Unlike the US, Japanese views on abortion are not driven by religious belief. Instead, they derive from a long history of patriarchy and deeply traditional views on the role of women and motherhood. 917:. It requires a smaller incision than a caesarean section and can be used during later stages of pregnancy. Gravid hysterectomy refers to removal of the whole uterus while still containing the pregnancy. Hysterotomy and hysterectomy are associated with much higher rates of maternal morbidity and mortality than D&E or induction abortion. 1106:) are typically given before abortion procedures, as they are believed to substantially reduce the risk of postoperative uterine infection; however, antibiotics are not routinely given with abortion pills. The rate of failed procedures does not appear to vary significantly depending on whether the abortion is performed by a doctor or a 788:

abortion, where a health care professional is present to help manage the medical abortion. Safely permitting women to self-administer abortion medication has the potential to improve access to abortion. The review also noted a research gap concerning methods to support women who take medication at home for a self-administered abortion.

2112:, they were rarely prosecuted in general. In the United States, some argued that abortion was more dangerous than childbirth until about 1930 when incremental improvements in abortion procedures relative to childbirth made abortion safer. Others maintain that in the 19th century early abortions under the hygienic conditions in which 880:(D&C) refers to opening the cervix (dilation) and removing tissue (curettage) via suction or sharp instruments. D&C is a standard gynecological procedure performed for a variety of reasons, including examination of the uterine lining for possible malignancy, investigation of abnormal bleeding, and abortion. The 2144:, abortion was first legalized by the 1948 "Eugenics Protection Law" meant to prevent the births of "inferior" humans. As of 2022, due to Japan's continuing strongly patriarchal culture and traditional views on women's societal roles, women who want an abortion must normally get written permission from their partner. 3546: 11387:

This piece describes abortion practices in use from the 1600s to the 19th century among the inhabitants of North America. The abortive techniques of women from different ethnic and racial groups as found in historical literature are revealed. Thus, the point is made that abortion is not simply a 'now

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However, a woman's chance of having an abortion is similar whether she lives in a developed or a developing region: in 2003 the rates were 26 abortions per 1,000 women aged 15 to 44 in developed areas and 29 per 1,000 in developing areas. The main difference is in safety, with abortion being safe and

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Abortion is sought and needed even in settings where it is restricted—that is, in countries where it is prohibited altogether or is allowed only to save the women's life or to preserve her physical or mental health. Unintended pregnancy rates are highest in countries that restrict abortion access and

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The reasons why women have abortions are diverse and vary across the world. Some of the reasons may include an inability to afford a child, domestic violence, lack of support, feeling they are too young, and the wish to complete education or advance a career. Additional reasons include not being able

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as early as 10 weeks into gestation, but structural fetal anomalies are often detected much later in pregnancy. A proportion of structural fetal anomalies are lethal, which means that the fetus will almost certainly die before or shortly after birth. Life-threatening conditions may also develop later

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if necessary. This is sometimes called "induced miscarriage". This procedure may be performed from 13 weeks gestation to the third trimester. Although it is very uncommon in the United States, more than 80% of induced abortions throughout the second trimester are labor-induced abortions in Sweden and

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The long silence had led us to assume that opposition to abortion had existed from time immemorial. Not so: most of the opposition to, and all of the laws against, abortion arose in the 19th century. Historian Mohr amply documents the earlier acceptance of abortion. ... In the 19th century even many

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an association between and breast cancer has been found by numerous Western and non-Western researchers from around the world. This is especially true in more recent reports that allow for a sufficient breast cancer latency period since an adoption of a Western life style in sexual and reproductive

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clinics in the United States from 2001 to March 2006 was 98.5% effective through 63 days gestation—with an ongoing pregnancy rate of about 0.5%, and an additional 1% of women having uterine evacuation for various reasons, including problematic bleeding, persistent gestational sac, clinician judgment

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Results: The abortion-related mortality rate in 2000–2009 in the United States was 0.7 per 100,000 abortions. Studies in approximately the same years found mortality rates of 0.8-1.7 deaths per 100,000 plastic surgery procedures, 0-1.7 deaths per 100,000 dental procedures, 0.6-1.2 deaths per 100,000

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In most countries, the most frequently cited reasons for having an abortion were socioeconomic concerns or limiting childbearing. With some exceptions, little variation existed in the reasons given by women's sociodemographic characteristics. Data from three countries where multiple reasons could be

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Worldwide, the most commonly reported reason women cite for having an abortion is to postpone or stop childbearing. The second most common reason—socioeconomic concerns—includes disruption of education or employment; lack of support from the father; desire to provide schooling for existing children;

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Sex-selective abortion is partially responsible for the noticeable disparities between the birth rates of male and female children in some countries. The preference for male children is reported in many areas of Asia, and abortion used to limit female births has been reported in Taiwan, South Korea,

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before aborting the fetus, that abortion providers inform women of health risks of the procedure—sometimes including "risks" not supported by the medical literature—and that multiple medical authorities certify that the abortion is either medically or socially necessary. Many restrictions are waived

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concluded that a woman's first abortion is not a threat to mental health when carried out in the first trimester, with such women no more likely to have mental-health problems than those carrying an unwanted pregnancy to term; the mental-health outcome of a woman's second or greater abortion is less

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has been providing education about medical abortions since 1999. The NGO created a mobile medical clinic inside a shipping container, which then travels on rented ships to countries with restrictive abortion laws. Because the ships are registered in the Netherlands, Dutch law prevails when the ship

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Declaration on Therapeutic Abortion notes, "circumstances bringing the interests of a mother into conflict with the interests of her unborn child create a dilemma and raise the question as to whether or not the pregnancy should be deliberately terminated." Abortion debates, especially pertaining to

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procedures in the US during 2000; this accounts for <0.2% of the total number of abortions performed that year. Similarly, in England and Wales in 2006, 89% of terminations occurred at or under 12 weeks, 9% between 13 and 19 weeks, and 2% at or over 20 weeks. 64% of those reported were by vacuum

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On average, the incidence of abortion is similar in countries with restrictive abortion laws and those with more liberal access to abortion. Restrictive abortion laws are associated with increases in the percentage of abortions performed unsafely. The unsafe abortion rate in developing countries is

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With each decade of the past fifty years the actual and proportionate frequency of this accident has increased, due, first, to the increase in the number of instrumentally induced abortions; second, to the proportionate increase in abortions handled by doctors as against those handled by midwives;

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We found no evidence of emerging negative emotions or abortion decision regret; both positive and negative emotions declined over the first two years and plateaued thereafter, and decision rightness remained high and steady (predicted percent: 97.5% at baseline, 99.0% at five years). At five years

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The mortality rate associated with abortion is low (0.6 per 100,000 legal, induced abortions), and the risk of death associated with childbirth is approximately 14 times higher than that with abortion. Abortion-related mortality increases with each week of gestation, with a rate of 0.1 per 100,000

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The rate of legal, induced abortion varies extensively worldwide. According to the report of employees of Guttmacher Institute it ranged from 7 per 1000 women per year (Germany and Switzerland) to 30 per 1000 women per year (Estonia) in countries with complete statistics in 2008. The proportion of

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seldom results from safe abortions, unsafe abortions result in 70,000 deaths and 5 million disabilities per year. Complications of unsafe abortion account for approximately an eighth of maternal mortalities worldwide, though this varies by region. Secondary infertility caused by an unsafe abortion

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10. What is the effect of feticide on labor induction abortion outcome? Deliberately causing demise of the fetus before labor induction abortion is performed primarily to avoid transient fetal survival after expulsion; this approach may be for the comfort of both the woman and the staff, to avoid

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In the United States, the first laws related to abortion beginning in the 1820s were made to protect women from real or perceived risks, and those more restrictive penalized only the provider. By 1859, abortion was not a crime in 21 out of 33 states, and was prohibited only post-quickening, while

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agencies, have found that measures to restrict access to abortion in an effort to reduce sex-selective abortions have unintended negative consequences, largely stemming from the fact that women may seek or be coerced into seeking unsafe, extralegal abortions. On the other hand, measures to reduce

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of most in the medical profession with regards to sexual matters prevented the wide expansion of abortion techniques. Other medical practitioners in addition to some physicians advertised their services, and they were not widely regulated until the 19th century when the practice, sometimes called

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condemned infanticide as a means of population control. He preferred abortion in such cases, with the restriction that it "must be practised on it before it has developed sensation and life; for the line between lawful and unlawful abortion will be marked by the fact of having sensation and being

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There are both medical and non-medical reasons to have an abortion later in pregnancy (after 20 weeks). A study was conducted from 2008 to 2010 at the University of California San Francisco where more than 440 women were asked about why they experienced delays in obtaining abortion care, if there

1445:). According to the CDC, due to data collection difficulties the data must be viewed as tentative and some fetal deaths reported beyond 20 weeks may be natural deaths erroneously classified as abortions if the removal of the dead fetus is accomplished by the same procedure as an induced abortion. 476:, and many pregnancies spontaneously abort before medical practitioners can detect an embryo. Between 15% and 30% of known pregnancies end in clinically apparent miscarriage, depending upon the age and health of the pregnant woman. 80% of these spontaneous abortions happen in the first trimester. 10055:

The prevalence of economically influenced abortions and the sterilization campaigns against poor, minority, and disabled women show us that autonomy is impossible without eradication of discrimination and poverty. Racism, sexism, and poverty can make the difference between abortions that reflect

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in 1648, abortion was generally permitted before quickening (14–26 weeks after conception, or between the fourth and sixth month), and at women's discretion; it was whether abortion was performed after quickening that determined if it was a crime. In Europe and North America, abortion techniques

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and birth control increased. As of 2018, 37% of the world's women had access to legal abortions without limits as to reason. Countries that permit abortions have different limits on how late in pregnancy abortion is allowed. Abortion rates are similar between countries that restrict abortion and

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Because few of the abortion estimates were based on studies of random samples of women, and because we did not use a model-based approach to estimate abortion incidence, it was not possible to compute confidence intervals based on standard errors around the estimates. Drawing on the information

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Other jurisdictions ban abortion almost entirely. Many, but not all, of these allow legal abortions in a variety of circumstances. These circumstances vary based on jurisdiction, but may include whether the pregnancy is a result of rape or incest, the fetus' development is impaired, the woman's

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A 2020 long term-study among US women found that about 99% of women felt that they made the right decision five years after they had an abortion. Relief was the primary emotion with few women feeling sadness or guilt. Social stigma was a main factor predicting negative emotions and regret years

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Complications after second trimester abortion are similar to those after first trimester abortion, and depend somewhat on the method chosen. The risk of death from abortion approaches roughly half the risk of death from childbirth the farther along a woman is in pregnancy; from one in a million

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Although some studies show negative mental-health outcomes in women who choose abortions after the first trimester because of fetal abnormalities, more rigorous research would be needed to show this conclusively. Some proposed negative psychological effects of abortion have been referred to by

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concluded that providing women with medications to take home to complete the second stage of the procedure for an early medical abortion results in an effective abortion. Further research is required to determine if self-administered medical abortion is as safe as provider-administered medical

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Households have variously resorted to female infanticide and postnatal withholding of health care; and since the mid-1980s, when technology permitting fairly low-cost determination of the sex of fetuses became available, there has been a shift toward prenatal sex selection by means of induced

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in combination with a prostaglandin analog up to 7 weeks gestation, or a prostaglandin analog alone. Mifepristone–misoprostol combination regimens work faster and are more effective at later gestational ages than methotrexate–misoprostol combination regimens, and combination regimens are more

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This was without the loss of the life of a single one of my patients. I feel those figures are something of which to be proud. I feel—I'm sure—that the work I have been engaged in these past years has been a contribution to Society and has helped to straighten out the messed up lives of many

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Policy Statement: Medical induction abortion is a safe and effective method for termination of pregnancies beyond the first trimester when performed by trained clinicians in medical offices, freestanding clinics, ambulatory surgery centers, and hospitals. Feticidal agents may be particularly

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Some abortions are undergone as the result of societal pressures. These might include the preference for children of a specific sex or race, disapproval of single or early motherhood, stigmatization of people with disabilities, insufficient economic support for families, lack of access to or

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It was actually one of the first countries in the world to pass an abortion law, back in 1948. But it was part of the Eugenics Protection Law – yes, it really was called that. It had nothing to do with giving women more control over their reproductive health. Rather, it was about preventing

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There is little difference in terms of safety and efficacy between medical abortion using a combined regimen of mifepristone and misoprostol and surgical abortion (vacuum aspiration) in early first trimester abortions up to 10 weeks gestation. Medical abortion using the prostaglandin analog

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Abortions can be characterized as either therapeutic or elective. When an abortion is performed for medical reasons, the procedure is referred to as a therapeutic abortion. Medical reasons for therapeutic abortion include saving the life of the pregnant woman, preventing harm to the woman's

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A major factor in whether abortions are performed safely or not is the legal standing of abortion. Countries with restrictive abortion laws have higher rates of unsafe abortion and similar overall abortion rates compared to countries where abortion is legal and available. For example, the

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Only limited data are available comparing labor-induced abortion with the dilation and extraction method. Unlike D&E, labor-induced abortions after 18 weeks may be complicated by the occurrence of brief fetal survival, which may be legally characterized as live birth. For this reason,

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India, and China. This deviation from the standard birth rates of males and females occurs despite the fact that the country in question may have officially banned sex-selective abortion or even sex-screening. In China, a historical preference for a male child has been exacerbated by the

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affects an estimated 24 million women. The rate of unsafe abortions has increased from 44% to 49% between 1995 and 2008. Health education, access to family planning, and improvements in health care during and after abortion have been proposed to address consequences of unsafe abortion.

2579:, a view shared by some governments., In the U.S. and Canada, over 8,000 incidents of violence, trespassing, and death threats have been recorded by providers since 1977, including over 200 bombings/arsons and hundreds of assaults. Abortion clinics have also been targeted by 2021:. A 2014 Guttmacher survey of abortion patients in the United States found that many reported a religious affiliation: 24% were Catholic while 30% were Protestant. A 1995 survey reported that Catholic women are as likely as the general population to terminate a pregnancy, 1610:

The rate of cancer during pregnancy is 0.02–1%, and in many cases, cancer of the mother leads to consideration of abortion to protect the life of the mother, or in response to the potential damage that may occur to the fetus during treatment. This is particularly true for

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believes that mortality has fallen since the 1990s. To reduce the number of unsafe abortions, public health organizations have generally advocated emphasizing the legalization of abortion, training of medical personnel, and ensuring access to reproductive-health services.

2140:(1935), a law permitted abortions for those deemed "hereditarily ill", while women considered of German stock were specifically prohibited from having abortions. Beginning in the second half of the 20th century, abortion was legalized in a greater number of countries. In 2116:

usually worked were relatively safe. Several scholars argue that, despite improved medical procedures, the period from the 1930s until the 1970s saw more zealous enforcement of anti-abortion laws, alongside an increasing control of abortion providers by organized crime.

1669:, "aginal delivery may result in dissemination of neoplastic cells into lymphovascular channels, haemorrhage, cervical laceration and implantation of malignant cells in the episiotomy site, while abdominal delivery may delay the initiation of non-surgical treatment." 12418:

Two folk medical conditions, "delayed" (atrasada) and "suspended" (suspendida) menstruation, are described as perceived by poor Brazilian women in Northeast Brazil. Culturally prescribed methods to "regulate" these conditions and provoke menstrual bleeding are also

1846:(Genesis2:7), the fetus is not considered to have a human soul until it is safely outside of the woman, is viable, and has taken its first breath. The fetus is considered valuable property of the woman and not a human life while in the womb (Exodus 21:22-23). While 499:, infection, and abnormalities of the uterus. Advancing maternal age and a woman's history of previous spontaneous abortions are the two leading factors associated with a greater risk of spontaneous abortion. A spontaneous abortion can also be caused by accidental 8432:

In my practice I average three operations a day. By working a six day week, I complete approximately eighteen operations in this time. This amounts to seventy-two operations a month. In my sixteen years of specializing, I have successfully performed about 13,844

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National Academies of Sciences Engineering, Health Medicine Division, Board on Health Care Services, Board on Population Health Public Health Practice, Committee on Reproductive Health Services: Assessing the Safety Quality of Abortion Care in the U.S (2018).

3538: 1357:, while people of color comprise 44% of the population in Mississippi, 59% of the population in Texas, 42% of the population in Louisiana, and 35% of the population in Alabama, they comprise 80%, 74%, 72%, and 70%, respectively, of those receiving abortions. 984:

In 1978, one woman in Colorado died and another developed organ damage when they attempted to terminate their pregnancies by taking pennyroyal oil. Because the indiscriminant use of herbs as abortifacients can cause serious—even lethal—side effects, such as

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More than 82 maternal deaths had been registered in Nicaragua since the change. During this same period, indirect obstetric deaths, or deaths caused by illnesses aggravated by the normal effects of pregnancy and not due to direct obstetric causes, have

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Conclusion: Legal induced abortion is markedly safer than childbirth. The risk of death associated with childbirth is approximately 14 times higher than that with abortion. Similarly, the overall morbidity associated with childbirth exceeds that with

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lowest in countries where abortion is broadly legal. As a result, abortion rates are similar in countries where abortion is restricted and those where the procedure is broadly legal (i.e., where it is available on request or on socioeconomic grounds).

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Forty percent of the world's women are able to access therapeutic and elective abortions within gestational limits, while an additional 35 percent have access to legal abortion if they meet certain physical, mental, or socioeconomic criteria. While

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led to an immediate reduction in abortion-related complications, with abortion-related deaths dropping by more than 90%. Similar reductions in maternal mortality have been observed after other countries have liberalized their abortion laws, such as

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A related myth, promulgated by a broad spectrum of people concerned about abortion and public policy, is that before legalization abortionists were dirty and dangerous back-alley butchers.... he historical evidence does not support such claims.

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effective than misoprostol alone, particularly in the second trimester. Medical abortion regimens involving mifepristone followed by misoprostol in the cheek between 24 and 48 hours later are effective when performed before 70 days' gestation.

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pregnancies that ended in induced abortion ranged from about 10% (Israel, the Netherlands and Switzerland) to 30% (Estonia) in the same group, though it might be as high as 36% in Hungary and Romania, whose statistics were deemed incomplete.

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Spontaneous abortion occurs in various animals. For example, in sheep it may be caused by stress or physical exertion, such as crowding through doors or being chased by dogs. In cows, abortion may be caused by contagious disease, such as

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The national case-fatality rate for legal induced abortion for 2013–2019 was 0.43 deaths related to legal induced abortions per 100,000 reported legal abortions. This case-fatality rate was lower than the rates for the previous 5-year

1259:. Unsafe abortions are believed to result in millions of injuries. Estimates of deaths vary according to methodology, and have ranged from 37,000 to 70,000 in the past decade; deaths from unsafe abortion account for around 13% of all 1313:

In many places, where abortion is illegal or carries a heavy social stigma, medical reporting of abortion is not reliable. For this reason, estimates of the incidence of abortion must be made without determining certainty related to

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and views of the procedure are different around the world. In some countries abortion is legal and women have the right to make the choice about abortion. In some areas, abortion is legal only in specific cases such as rape, incest,

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Prior surgical uterine evacuation for either I-TOP or SAB is an independent risk factor for PTB. These data warrant caution in the use of surgical uterine evacuation and should encourage safer surgical techniques as well as medical

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Of the world's 1.64 billion women of reproductive age, 6% live where abortion is banned outright, and 37% live where it is allowed without restriction as to reason. Most women live in countries with laws that fall between these two

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In both public and private debate, arguments presented in favor of or against abortion access focus on either the moral permissibility of an induced abortion, or the justification of laws permitting or restricting abortion. The

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riminalization of abortion only increases mortality and morbidity without decreasing the incidence of induced abortion, and that decriminalization rapidly reduces abortion-related mortality and does not increase abortion

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later. The researchers also stated: "These results add to the scientific evidence that emotions about an abortion are associated with personal and social context, and are not a product of the abortion procedure itself."

1551:. In 1990s, women cited maternal health as their main motivating factor in about a third of abortions in three of 27 countries analyzed. In seven additional countries, about 7% of abortions were maternal health related. 3708:

A strong body of accumulated evidence shows that the simple means to drastically reduce unsafe abortion-related maternal deaths and morbidity is to make abortion legal and institutional termination of pregnancy broadly

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Unsafe abortions are a major cause of injury and death among women worldwide. Although data are imprecise, it is estimated that approximately 20 million unsafe abortions are performed annually, with 97% taking place in

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is in international waters. While in port, the organization provides free workshops and education; while in international waters, medical personnel are legally able to prescribe medical abortion drugs and counseling.

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About one in five pregnancies worldwide ends with an induced abortion. Most abortions result from unintended pregnancies. In the United Kingdom, 1 to 2% of abortions are done because of genetic problems in the fetus.

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Around 73 million abortions are performed each year in the world, with about 45% done unsafely. Abortion rates changed little between 2003 and 2008, before which they decreased for at least two decades as access to

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But that view of history is the subject of great dispute. Though interpretations differ, most scholars who have investigated the history of abortion argue that terminating a pregnancy wasn't always illegal—or even

1909:, one party of medical practitioners banished all abortives as required by the Hippocratic Oath; the other party to which he belonged was willing to prescribe abortions only for the sake of the mother's health. In 2586:

Physicians and other abortion clinic staff have been murdered by abortion opponents. In the United States, at least four physicians have been murdered in connection with their work at abortion clinics, including

737:

or vaginal misoprostol are 98% effective up to 9 weeks gestational age; from 9 to 10 weeks efficacy decreases modestly to 94%. If medical abortion fails, surgical abortion must be used to complete the procedure.

2721:

Viral infection can cause abortion in dogs. Cats can experience spontaneous abortion for many reasons, including hormonal imbalance. A combined abortion and spaying is performed on pregnant cats, especially in

1204:(Anna Trow Lohman) is said to have lost very few women among her more than 100,000 patients—a lower mortality rate than the childbirth mortality rate at the time. In 1936, obstetrics and gynecology professor 1352:

The Guttmacher Institute has found that "most abortions in the United States are obtained by minority women" because minority women "have much higher rates of unintended pregnancy". In a 2022 analysis by the

16670: 3629:"Effectiveness of self-managed medication abortion with accompaniment support in Argentina and Nigeria (SAFE): a prospective, observational cohort study and non-inferiority analysis with historical controls" 2821:

By 1930, medical procedures in the United States had improved for both childbirth and abortion but not equally, and induced abortion in the first trimester had become safer than childbirth. In 1973,

12318: 9702: 3010: 2218:, are often spearheaded by groups advocating one of these two positions. Groups who favor greater legal restrictions on abortion, including complete prohibition, most often describe themselves as " 12873: 2492:

and travel to countries where they can terminate their pregnancies. Women without the means to travel can resort to providers of illegal abortions or attempt to perform an abortion by themselves.

14292: 1023:

into the uterus. These and other methods to terminate pregnancy may be called "induced miscarriage". Such methods are rarely used in countries where surgical abortion is legal and available.

11445: 7116:

Ralph LJ, Schwarz EB, Grossman D, Foster DG (August 2019). "Self-reported Physical Health of Women Who Did and Did Not Terminate Pregnancy After Seeking Abortion Services: A Cohort Study".

2451:

In jurisdictions where abortion is legal, certain requirements must often be met before a woman may obtain a legal abortion (an abortion performed without the woman's consent is considered

7746: 1631:, or both, while later stages are treated by radiotherapy. Chemotherapy may be used simultaneously. Treatment of breast cancer during pregnancy also involves fetal considerations, because 11650: 11283: 3473:

Raymond EG, Grossman D, Weaver MA, Toti S, Winikoff B (November 2014). "Mortality of induced abortion, other outpatient surgical procedures and common activities in the United States".

10095: 5551: 1779:

methods. Induced abortion has a long history and can be traced back to civilizations as varied as ancient China (abortifacient knowledge is often attributed to the mythological ruler

10885: 10615: 2726:

programs, to prevent unwanted kittens from being born. Female rodents may terminate a pregnancy when exposed to the smell of a male not responsible for the pregnancy, known as the

286:

performed by unskilled individuals, with hazardous equipment, or in unsanitary facilities cause between 22,000 and 44,000 deaths and 6.9 million hospital admissions each year. The

869:(EVA) uses an electric pump. Both techniques can be used very early in pregnancy. MVA can be used up to 14 weeks but is more often used earlier in the U.S. EVA can be used later. 472:

Studies of pregnant women in the US and China have shown that between 40% and 60% of embryos do not progress to birth. The vast majority of miscarriages occur before the woman is

13240: 9186: 7628: 5450:

Kapp N, von Hertzen H (2009). "Medical methods to induce abortion in the second trimester". In Paul M, Lichtenberg ES, Borgatta L, Grimes DA, Stubblefield PG, Creinin MD (eds.).

4293:

Culwell KR, Vekemans M, de Silva U, Hurwitz M, Crane BB (July 2010). "Critical gaps in universal access to reproductive health: contraception and prevention of unsafe abortion".

6334: 2575:

Abortion providers and facilities have been subjected to violence, including murder, assault, arson, and bombing. Some scholars consider anti-abortion violence to be within the

1453:

aspiration, 6% by D&E, and 30% were medical. There are more second trimester abortions in developing countries such as China, India and Vietnam than in developed countries.

992:

Abortion is sometimes attempted by causing trauma to the abdomen. The degree of force, if severe, can cause serious internal injuries without necessarily succeeding in inducing

733:), especially when clinical practice does not include detailed inspection of aspirated tissue. Early medical abortion regimens using mifepristone, followed 24–48 hours later by 176:

generally refers to an induced abortion. The most common reasons women give for having an abortion are for birth-timing and limiting family size. Other reasons reported include

6890: 6089:

Dilation and evacuation. In Paul M, Lichtenberg ES Borgatta L Grimes DA Stubblefield P Creinin (eds)Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy: comprehensive abortion care

1984:) to institute a Church policy labeling all abortion as homicide and condemning abortion regardless of the stage of pregnancy. Sixtus V's pronouncement was reversed in 1591 by 13225: 2653:

Psychological pressure may also be used to limit abortion access. In 2003, Chris Danze organized anti-abortion organizations throughout Texas to prevent the construction of a

11135: 9819: 10042: 1658:, and exposure at this or subsequent stages can cause reduced intrauterine growth and birth weight. Exposures above 0.005–0.025 Gy cause a dose-dependent reduction in 11188: 8274: 9219: 2661:

online of those involved with construction, sent them up to 1200 phone calls a day and contacted their churches. Some protestors record women entering clinics on camera.

1719:

poll in 1965 showed 73% supported abortion when the mother's life was at risk, 57% when birth defects were present and 59% for pregnancies resulting from rape or incest.

1615:, the most common type of which occurs in 1 of every 2,000–13,000 pregnancies, for which initiation of treatment "cannot co-exist with preservation of fetal life (unless 188:, lack of support, feeling they are too young, wishing to complete education or advance a career, and not being able or willing to raise a child conceived as a result of 13081: 2794:. Definitions of abortion vary from source to source, and language used to define abortion often reflects societal and political opinions, not only scientific knowledge. 407:. An abortion is referred to as elective or voluntary when it is performed at the request of the woman for non-medical reasons. Confusion sometimes arises over the term 13445: 18752: 14286: 13498: 11476: 4631: 2540:

in 1994 over 180 states agreed to eliminate "all forms of discrimination against the girl child and the root causes of son preference", conditions also condemned by a

1485:. If serious medical conditions such as these arise before the fetus is viable, the person carrying the pregnancy may pursue an abortion to preserve their own health. 13049: 8835:

Jewkes R, Rees H, Dickson K, Brown H, Levin J (March 2005). "The impact of age on the epidemiology of incomplete abortions in South Africa after legislative change".

5422:

Creinin MD, Gemzell-Danielsson K (2009). "Medical abortion in early pregnancy". In Paul M, Lichtenberg ES, Borgatta L, Grimes DA, Stubblefield PG, Creinin MD (eds.).

10655: 7449:

Sawaya GF, Grady D, Kerlikowske K, Grimes DA (May 1996). "Antibiotics at the time of induced abortion: the case for universal prophylaxis based on a meta-analysis".

1854:

by having children, abortion is allowed and is deemed necessary when a pregnant woman's life is in danger. Several religions, including Judaism, which disagree that

16675: 7091: 1535:. In cultures where there is a preference for male children, some women have sex selective abortions, which have partially replaced the earlier practice of female 1200:

A 1940s American physician spoke of his pride in having performed 13,844 illegal abortions without any fatalities. In 1870s New York City, the abortionist/midwife

278:, can be used immediately following abortion. When performed legally and safely on a woman who desires it, induced abortions do not increase the risk of long-term 4589: 4496: 3446: 2484:

physical or mental well-being is endangered, or socioeconomic considerations make childbirth a hardship. In countries where abortion is banned entirely, such as

4527: 3539:"Self-management Recommendation 50: Self-management of medical abortion in whole or in part at gestational ages < 12 weeks (3.6.2) - Abortion care guideline" 3096: 1326:, providing access to contraceptives would result in about 14.5 million fewer unsafe abortions and 38,000 fewer deaths from unsafe abortion annually worldwide. 19705: 9928: 2537: 12352: 8655:"Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010" 4379: 3885: 1937:

taught that abortion was sinful. Several historians argue that prior to the 19th century most Catholic authors did not regard termination of pregnancy before

1650:

of radiation usually causes spontaneous abortion. Exposure to much lower doses during the first trimester, especially 8 to 15 weeks of development, can cause

12190: 9804: 6293: 6232: 6065: 4910: 902:(D&X) refers to a variant of D&E sometimes used after 18 to 20 weeks when removal of an intact fetus improves surgical safety or for other reasons. 12322: 12239: 10585: 9694: 4476:

Although abortion has been legal in many countries for several decades now, its moral permissibilities continues to be the subject of heated public debate.

3000: 1174: 764:

Medical abortion regimens using mifepristone in combination with a prostaglandin analog are the most common methods used for second trimester abortions in

168:

or "spontaneous abortion"; these occur in approximately 30% to 40% of all pregnancies. When deliberate steps are taken to end a pregnancy, it is called an

9454: 8294: 6256:"Society of Family Planning clinical recommendations: Pain control in surgical abortion part 2 - Moderate sedation, deep sedation, and general anesthesia" 5926:

Meckstroth K, Paul M (2009). "First-trimester aspiration abortion". In Paul M, Lichtenberg ES, Borgatta L, Grimes DA, Stubblefield PG, Creinin MD (eds.).

4700: 4109: 1707:, in her fifth month of pregnancy. Unable to obtain a legal abortion in the United States, Finkbine traveled to Sweden. From 1962 to 1965, an outbreak of 1157:

Some purported risks of abortion are promoted primarily by anti-abortion groups, but lack scientific support. For example, the question of a link between

1071:

misoprostol alone is less effective and more painful than medical abortion using a combined regimen of mifepristone and misoprostol or surgical abortion.

18246: 14173: 11684: 11162: 10556: 9846: 3516: 2002:, the codified summary of the Church's teachings, considers abortion from the moment of conception as homicide and called for the end of legal abortion. 12866: 12700: 10681: 10525: 8324: 5543: 17823: 14106: 13134:"The Impact of State Laws Protecting Abortion Clinics and Reproductive Rights on Crimes Against Abortion Providers: Deterrence, Backlash, or Neither?" 2867: 2436:

Current laws pertaining to abortion are diverse. Religious, moral, and cultural factors continue to influence abortion laws throughout the world. The

12511: 12366: 11388:

issue' that effects select women. Instead, it is demonstrated that it is a widespread practice as solidly rooted in our past as it is in the present.

7518: 5833: 5236:

Katz VL (2007). "16. Spontaneous and Recurrent Abortion – Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment". In Katz VL, Lentz GM, Lobo RA, Gershenson DM (eds.).

2835:

Blackmun was also swayed by the fact that most abortion prohibitions were enacted in the 19th century when the procedure was more dangerous than now.

1662:. It is possible to greatly reduce exposure to radiation with abdominal shielding, depending on how far the area to be irradiated is from the fetus. 1170: 11590: 11441: 8253: 8002:

Steinberg JR (2011). "Later abortions and mental health: psychological experiences of women having later abortions--a critical review of research".

6392: 5136:"Early embryo mortality in natural human reproduction: What the data say [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]" 4058: 13673: 11104: 5770: 940:

In places lacking the necessary medical skill for dilation and extraction, or when preferred by practitioners, an abortion can be induced by first

5064:

birth of a fetus that shows no evidence of life (heartbeat, respiration, or independent movement) at any time later than 24 weeks after conception

387:, regional availability, and the personal preference of the women and her doctor may inform the women's choice of a specific abortion procedure. 18899: 13774:

Kirkpatrick JF, Turner JW (1991). "Changes in Herd Stallions among Feral Horse Bands and the Absence of Forced Copulation and Induced Abortion".

9611:"Modeling the impact of novel male contraceptive methods on reductions in unintended pregnancies in Nigeria, South Africa, and the United States" 7885: 7715: 7379:

White K, Carroll E, Grossman D (November 2015). "Complications from first-trimester aspiration abortion: a systematic review of the literature".

5393: 2541: 13346: 13115: 11642: 11291: 11044: 2706:, are known to cause fetal deformities and abortion in cattle and in sheep and goats. In horses, a fetus may be aborted or reabsorbed if it has 1247:

or seek the help of a person without proper medical training or facilities. This can lead to severe complications, such as incomplete abortion,

207:—those performed by people lacking the necessary skills, or in inadequately resourced settings—are responsible for between 5–13% of 19047: 15263: 12898: 11507: 10255:

Li WW, Yau TN, Leung CW, Pong WM, Chan MY (February 2009). "Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix complicating pregnancy".

8597: 7702:

The risk factor that continues to be most strongly associated with mortality from legal abortion is gestational age at the time of the abortion

9160: 8777: 5891: 4344: 4262: 4186: 3947: 17429: 7806: 5778: 2522: 7559: 7269: 7238: 5859:

Jones RK, Witwer E, Jerman J (2019). Abortion Incidence and Service Availability in the United States, 2017 (Report). Guttmacher Institute.

19208: 14363: 13867: 10879: 5771:"Table 5: Legal abortions: gestation weeks by purchaser and method of abortion, residents of England and Wales, numbers, percentages, 2022" 5626: 2178: 1273: 10611: 8502: 2924: 1309:

Abortion percentage – number of abortions out of 100 known pregnancies; pregnancies include live births, abortions, and miscarriages.

19730: 18815: 18800: 17398: 15650: 13251: 13015: 11013: 7914: 5059: 4471: 4426: 3082: 1685: 11883: 10410: 9190: 9112: 19643: 18653: 16726: 11844: 9463: 6427: 4574: 4083: 2904: 1402: 7980: 6317: 19080: 18579: 18170: 14102: 13217: 9309: 2643: 1047:

as those performed by unskilled individuals, with hazardous equipment, or in unsanitary facilities. Legal abortions performed in the

12673: 9745: 9679: 1306:

Abortion rate – number of abortions annually per 1,000 women between 15 and 44 years of age; some sources use a range of 15–49.

19675: 19366: 18742: 17842:

What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights

16785: 15461: 14647: 13525: 13471: 11127: 7300: 5031:

A preterm birth is defined as one that occurs before the completion of 37 menstrual weeks of gestation, regardless of birth weight.

3161: 729:, medical abortion using a mifepristone–misoprostol combination regimen is considered to be more effective than surgical abortion ( 13074: 12847: 10006: 9823: 9790: 9439: 8074:"Emotions and decision rightness over five years following an abortion: An examination of decision difficulty and abortion stigma" 6016: 4964: 4685: 4238: 3977: 3236: 1031: 18765: 18239: 18075: 16832: 16708: 12764: 12481: 12154: 12071: 10024: 9870:

Lohr PA, Hayes JL, Gemzell-Danielsson K (January 2008). "Surgical versus medical methods for second trimester induced abortion".

9535: 8228: 6994: 6195:"Society of Family Planning clinical guidelines pain control in surgical abortion part 1 - local anesthesia and minimal sedation" 898:

and emptying the uterus using surgical instruments and suction. D&E is performed vaginally and does not require an incision.

12794: 12265: 11184: 10284:"Global prevalence of long-term neurodevelopmental impairment following extremely preterm birth: a systematic literature review" 9212: 8899: 8270: 2480:, and now has a three-child policy, has at times incorporated mandatory abortions as part of their population control strategy. 18777: 17876: 17816: 16746: 15426: 9378: 9026: 7159:

Raymond EG, Grimes DA (February 2012). "The comparative safety of legal induced abortion and childbirth in the United States".

6713: 2639: 2014: 7778:"Re: Prior uterine evacuation of pregnancy as independent risk factor for preterm birth: a systematic review and metaanalysis" 7202:

Abbas D, Chong E, Raymond EG (September 2015). "Outpatient medical abortion is safe and effective through 70 days gestation".

5323: 19100: 17594: 17524: 14422: 14167: 13998: 13976: 13905: 13441: 13329: 12392:

Nations MK, Misago C, Fonseca W, Correia LL, Campbell OM (June 1997). "Women's hidden transcripts about abortion in Brazil".

12298: 12138: 12040: 12009: 11982: 11945: 11877: 11838: 11723: 11576: 11544: 11266: 10995: 10827: 10764: 10737: 10495: 10404: 10362: 10129: 10036: 9959: 9106: 9058:

Nations MK, Misago C, Fonseca W, Correia LL, Campbell OM (June 1997). "Women's hidden transcripts about abortion in Brazil".

8991:

Medoff MH, Dennis C (21 July 2014). "Another Critical Review of New's Reanalysis of the Impact of Antiabortion Legislation".

8771: 8741: 8457: 8417: 8392: 8287:

At this time, the scientific evidence does not support the notion that abortion of any kind raises the risk of breast cancer.

6911: 6475: 6096: 6051: 5935: 5754: 5459: 5431: 5369: 5303: 5274: 5245: 5118: 5053: 5024: 4989: 4855: 4743: 4599: 4560: 4457: 4412: 4044: 3076: 17739: 15451: 13494: 12054: 11959: 11616: 11468: 10770: 10501: 5080: 4628: 19333: 19245: 18953: 18772: 18044: 17099: 15411: 14918: 14482: 13607: 13042: 12304: 6795: 4846:

Schorge JO, Schaffer JI, Halvorson LM, Hoffman BL, Bradshaw KD, Cunningham FG, eds. (2008). "6. First-Trimester Abortion".

2642:. Such laws prevent abortion opponents from interfering with access to legal abortion services. For example, the American 1996:

was strengthened, in part to remove a possible reading that excluded excommunication of the mother. Statements made in the

1905:, although apparently not all doctors adhered to it strictly at the time. According to Soranus' 1st or 2nd century CE work 12103: 10647: 7716:"Prior uterine evacuation of pregnancy as independent risk factor for preterm birth: a systematic review and metaanalysis" 5774: 1927:, opinion was divided on how serious abortion was in comparison with such acts as contraception and oral or anal sex. The 19867: 19735: 18923: 18892: 18615: 18203: 18155: 17926: 17698: 16866: 16680: 15431: 15031: 14557: 14477: 12655: 11322:

Hardin G (December 1978). "Abortion in America. The Origins and Evolution of National Policy, 1800–1900. James C. Mohr".

11074: 10936: 9331:

Shah I, Ahman E (December 2009). "Unsafe abortion: global and regional incidence, trends, consequences, and challenges".

2153: 1180:

In the past even illegality has not automatically meant that the abortions were unsafe. Referring to the U.S., historian

996:. In Southeast Asia, there is an ancient tradition of attempting abortion through forceful abdominal massage. One of the 986: 15416: 11905: 11235: 10986:

John M. Riddle, "Contraception and early abortion in the Middle Ages", in Vern L. Bullough and James A. Brundage, eds.,

9244:

Sedgh G, Henshaw S, Singh S, Ahman E, Shah IH (October 2007). "Induced abortion: estimated rates and trends worldwide".

9127: 7084: 6499:

Sullivan JB, Rumack BH, Thomas H, Peterson RG, Bryson P (December 1979). "Pennyroyal oil poisoning and hepatotoxicity".

5801: 4813: 4605: 19805: 18782: 18232: 17564: 16820: 16790: 15202: 14971: 14562: 14507: 14417: 14320: 10711: 7976: 5517: 2607:

survived murder attempts in both 1994 and 2000. Besides physicians, killings have targeted other clinic staff, such as

1133: 13730: 7037:"Fertility regulation and reproductive health in the Millennium Development Goals: the search for a perfect indicator" 6925: 6844:"Vital Signs: Pregnancy-Related Deaths, United States, 2011–2015, and Strategies for Prevention, 13 States, 2013-2017" 6692: 4519: 4492: 3409: 3325: 2061:

Abortion has been a fairly common practice, and was not always illegal or controversial until the 19th century. Under

433:

Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion, is the unintentional expulsion of an embryo or fetus before the 24th

19627: 19057: 18509: 17809: 17599: 17464: 16685: 15833: 15242: 14136: 13601: 11221: 10759:. Translated by Temkin O, Eastman NJ, Edelstein L, Guttmacher AF. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. I, 19, 60. 9154:"Unsafe abortion: Global and regional estimates of the incidence of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2003" 8361: 5639: 3104: 2898: 2856: 1158: 945: 319:

countries that broadly allow it, though this is partly because countries which restrict abortion tend to have higher

19240: 9920: 9095:"XI. Dimension, Dynamics and Diversity: A 3D Approach to Appraising Global Maternal and Neonatal Health Initiatives" 5735:

used by Planned Parenthood clinics in the United States since April 2006 is 98% effective through 59 days gestation.

4105: 2448:

are major issues of human rights that sometimes constitute the basis for the existence or absence of abortion laws.

19381: 19042: 18757: 18446: 18431: 17703: 17403: 16928: 16018: 15278: 12348: 8760:

Unsafe abortion: global and regional estimates of the incidence of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2008

6039: 4996:

The preferred term for unintentional loss of the product of conception prior to 24 weeks' gestation is miscarriage.

4591:

Unsafe abortion: Global and regional estimates of the incidence of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2003

4371: 3877: 2051:"French Periodical Pills" was an example of a clandestine advertisement published in a January 1845 edition of the 2010: 1998: 1716: 1342: 1243:

Women seeking an abortion may use unsafe methods, especially when abortion is legally restricted. They may attempt

1039:

The health risks of abortion depend principally on how, and under what conditions, the procedure is performed. The

271: 12197: 19776: 19710: 19300: 18943: 17755: 17469: 16387: 16210: 15984: 15643: 15298: 15237: 14567: 14223: 11746:

Wilson C (2 November 2020). "Nostalgia, Entitlement and Victimhood: The Synergy of White Genocide and Misogyny".

10578: 8956:

New MJ (15 February 2011). "Analyzing the Effect of Anti-Abortion U.S. State Legislation in the Post-Casey Era".

2463:. Some jurisdictions require a waiting period before the procedure, prescribe the distribution of information on 1889:

from performing abortions; other scholars disagree with this interpretation, and state that the medical texts of

1855: 12223: 399:, preventing the birth of a child who will have a significantly increased chance of mortality or morbidity, and 19725: 19072: 18885: 18699: 18481: 18255: 18208: 18105: 17861: 17519: 15673: 15492: 15161: 10792: 9854: 9467: 8710: 8301: 7650:

procedures at 8 weeks of gestation or less, and 8.9 per 100,000 procedures at 21 weeks of gestation or greater.

4708: 2646:

bars the use of threats or violence to interfere with abortion access. Abortion access laws may also establish

2241: 1449: 899: 605: 71: 14154: 11676: 11158: 10677: 10548: 6255: 6194: 4873: 3842:

Kapp N, Whyte P, Tang J, Jackson E, Brahmi D (September 2013). "A review of evidence for safe abortion care".

3512: 2525:, or the termination of a fetus based on its sex. The selective termination of a female fetus is most common. 19062: 17544: 17451: 16953: 16768: 16736: 16634: 14823: 14412: 14126: 12737: 10517: 8328: 2804:

penalties for pre-quickening abortions were lower. This changed starting in the 1860s under the influence of

1689: 1482: 754: 9609:

Dorman E, Perry B, Polis CB, Campo-Engelstein L, Shattuck D, Hamlin A, Aiken A, Trussell J, Sokal D (2018).

3180:

The deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy

2459:-based system to regulate the window of legality, or as in the U.S., on a doctor's evaluation of the fetus' 483:

of the embryo or fetus, accounting for at least 50% of sampled early pregnancy losses. Other causes include

18679: 18564: 18554: 18145: 17549: 17509: 17008: 16713: 16629: 15967: 15577: 15288: 14522: 14353: 14200: 12574:

Best A (2005). "Abortion Rights along the Irish-English Border and the Liminality of Women's Experiences".

2871: 2472: 2272: 1924: 1875: 1712: 1392: 664: 488: 434: 19885: 12507: 12370: 9366:

easily accessible in developed countries and generally restricted and unsafe in most developing countries.

8249: 7627:

Steinauer J, Jackson A, Grossman D, et al. (Committee on Practice Bulletins-Gynecology) (June 2013).

5837: 19994: 19750: 19740: 19653: 19559: 18747: 18689: 17971: 17881: 17378: 17189: 17162: 16242: 16185: 15749: 15091: 15086: 14888: 14883: 14447: 11561: 10960:

Joan Cadden, "Western medicine and natural philosophy", in Vern L. Bullough and James A. Brundage, eds.,

6793:(February 2012). "The comparative safety of legal induced abortion and childbirth in the United States". 5725:

or a woman's request. The regimen (200 mg of mifepristone, followed 24–48 hours later by 800 mcg of

5357: 4029: 1410: 846: 19032: 13712: 11345:

decision of the Supreme Court ... essentially returned the practice of abortion to the permissive state

11096: 6362: 5674:"Effectiveness of medical abortion with mifepristone and buccal misoprostol through 59 gestational days" 4552:

Reproductive freedom, torture and international human rights: challenging the masculinisation of torture

2718:

before birth. In many species of sharks and rays, stress-induced abortions occur frequently on capture.

1395:

in England and Wales during 2019 (left). Abortion in the United States by gestational age, 2016 (right).

1213:

and, third, to the prevailing tendency to use instruments instead of the finger in emptying the uterus.

19829: 19622: 19267: 19232: 19180: 18648: 18296: 17848: 17584: 17421: 17179: 17104: 17074: 16808: 16773: 16763: 15803: 15685: 15636: 15406: 14986: 14407: 13383: 7835:

Horvath S, Schreiber CA (September 2017). "Unintended Pregnancy, Induced Abortion, and Mental Health".

5745:

Holmquist S, Gilliam M (2008). "Induced abortion". In Gibbs RS, Karlan BY, Haney AF, Nygaard I (eds.).

3033: 2723: 2583:, invasions, and vandalism The majority of abortion opponents have not been involved in violent acts. 2323: 1646:

effects on the fetus, with higher risks for multiple drug treatments. Treatment with more than 40

1129: 1123: 776:, in contrast to the United States where 96% of second trimester abortions are performed surgically by 578: 19970: 14270: 14064: 13825:

Agoramoorthy G, Mohnot SM, Sommer V, Srivastava A (1988). "Abortions in free ranging Hanuman langurs (

7881: 7344:

Dempsey A (December 2012). "Serious infection associated with induced abortion in the United States".

2536:

Many countries have taken legislative steps to reduce the incidence of sex-selective abortion. At the

2471:

if their minor daughter requests an abortion. Other jurisdictions may require that a woman obtain the

2047: 469:

are generally not considered to be miscarriages, although usage of these terms can sometimes overlap.

19532: 19356: 19145: 19090: 18329: 18291: 18286: 18193: 18135: 17634: 17246: 16986: 16910: 16566: 16436: 16394: 16255: 15572: 15051: 14386: 14192: 14150: 14122: 13357: 13107: 11036: 10120:

George J. Annas and Sherman Elias. "Legal and Ethical Issues in Obstetrical Practice". Chapter 54 in

3627:

Moseson H, Jayaweera R, Egwuatu I, Grosso B, Kristianingrum IA, Nmezi S, et al. (January 2022).

2785: 2545: 2223: 2210: 1503: 1264: 1162: 1040: 881: 742: 693:

The most common early first trimester medical abortion regimens use mifepristone in combination with

480: 343: 326:

Globally, there has been a widespread trend towards greater legal access to abortion since 1973, but

287: 31: 14242: 12905: 12701:"Female demographic disadvantage in India 1981-1991: sex selective abortions and female infanticide" 12452: 11499: 9258: 9187:"Packages of interventions: Family planning, safe abortion care, maternal, newborn and child health" 8636: 6756: 2650:

around abortion clinics, with limits on protests and enhanced penalties for anti-abortion violence.

2455:

and is generally illegal). These requirements usually depend on the age of the fetus, often using a

676:

pharmaceuticals. Medical abortion became an alternative method of abortion with the availability of

294:, is essential for the attainment of the highest possible level of sexual and reproductive health". 19537: 19326: 18998: 18732: 18421: 18276: 18150: 18115: 18060: 17946: 16996: 16778: 16302: 16118: 16085: 15977: 15599: 14898: 14727: 14722: 14627: 14432: 12191:"The Impact of State Mandatory Counseling and Waiting Period Laws on Abortion: A Literature Review" 9153: 8758: 6790: 5898: 5187:"Estimating limits for natural human embryo mortality [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]" 4336: 4252: 4147: 3955: 3568:

Moseson H, Jayaweera R, Raifman S, Keefe-Oates B, Filippa S, Motana R, et al. (October 2020).

2848: 2842: 1851: 1616: 1354: 1333:

An American study in 2002 concluded that about half of women having abortions were using a form of

1239:(after Russia legalized abortion in 1920) warning against abortions performed by folk practitioners 659: 560: 95: 13019: 10352: 7907: 3127: 1639:

unless late-term pregnancy allows follow-up radiation therapy to be administered after the birth.

227:. Public health data show that making safe abortion legal and accessible reduces maternal deaths. 19479: 19160: 18810: 18737: 18663: 18454: 18347: 17856: 17569: 17434: 17172: 16933: 16900: 16859: 16731: 16585: 16377: 16070: 15482: 15283: 15207: 15177: 15151: 14858: 14853: 14768: 14442: 14343: 11715: 7933:"Abortion and mental health: quantitative synthesis and analysis of research published 1995-2009" 7277: 7246: 3263: 2790: 2576: 2514: 2018: 2006: 1931:

did not begin vigorously opposing abortion until the 19th century. As early as ~100 CE, the

1898: 1651: 1418: 1166: 891: 777: 750: 569: 527: 331: 255: 17: 7478:"Prevention of infection after induced abortion: release date October 2010: SFP guideline 20102" 5646: 3302:

reported in the survey showed that women often have more than one reason for having an abortion.

2521:

allow parents to determine sex before childbirth. The development of this technology has led to

2044:

which in the United States legalized abortion, at around 70%, except White Evangelicals at 35%.

1379: 1370: 19902: 19648: 19606: 19601: 19484: 19361: 19170: 19023: 18987: 18459: 18441: 18396: 18281: 17886: 17871: 17688: 17504: 17069: 16948: 16644: 16512: 16502: 16367: 16090: 16023: 15998: 15934: 15808: 15487: 15192: 15121: 15081: 15061: 15041: 14848: 14818: 14788: 14778: 14697: 14667: 14642: 14547: 14427: 14391: 14313: 14022:"Abortion incidence between 1990 and 2014: global, regional, and subregional levels and trends" 13129: 12447: 10437:"The beginning of human life: status of embryo. Perspectives in Halakha (Jewish Religious Law)" 9253: 8533: 6751: 2913: 2825:

acknowledged that abortion in the first trimester was safer than childbirth. For sources, see:

2570: 2509: 2219: 2101: 2034: 2026: 1989: 1692:

before gestational age of 29 weeks, with a higher probability with decreasing gestational age.

1532: 1414: 1401:

Abortion rates vary depending on the stage of pregnancy and the method practiced. In 2003, the

1208:

wrote that a cause of increasing mortality during the years of illegality in the U.S. was that

1142: 1107: 877: 680: 596: 379:

A pregnancy can be intentionally aborted in several ways. The abortion method depends upon the

13250:. Tucson: Arizona Cooperative Extension, University of Arizona. pp. 47–50. Archived from 11009: 9094: 8384: 8378: 7777: 7270:"Medical versus surgical methods for first trimester termination of pregnancy: RHL commentary" 6008: 5043: 4629:

Mexico decriminalizes abortion, extending Latin American trend of widening access to procedure

4441: 4402: 3066: 1145:", but this is not recognized by medical or psychological professionals in the United States. 1004:

in Cambodia depicts a demon performing such an abortion upon a woman who has been sent to the

961:

Historically, a number of herbs reputed to possess abortifacient properties have been used in

19715: 19579: 19418: 19122: 19085: 18979: 18638: 18625: 18301: 18198: 18006: 17996: 17961: 17683: 17539: 17494: 17489: 17484: 17479: 17308: 17261: 17256: 17224: 17044: 16624: 16426: 16230: 15905: 15584: 15567: 15559: 15544: 15502: 15441: 15384: 15329: 15258: 15227: 15212: 15056: 14903: 14542: 14467: 13882: 11867: 11536: 11530: 10394: 9798: 6585:

Smith JP (1998). "Risky choices: the dangers of teens using self-induced abortion attempts".

3684:. World Report on Women's Health 2015: The unfinished agenda of women's reproductive health. 3005: 2707: 2695: 2691: 2592: 2485: 2109: 1958: 1946: 1732: 1430: 1244: 1012: 734: 224: 220: 15446: 14281: 13075:"Incidence of Violence & Disruption Against Abortion Providers in the U.S. & Canada" 11828: 11560:

Paul M, Lichtenberg ES, Borgatta L, Grimes DA, Stubblefield PG, Creinin MD, Joffe C (2009).

6766: 6739: 6418: 4550: 4075: 4028:

Paul M, Lichtenberg ES, Borgatta L, Grimes DA, Stubblefield PG, Creinin MD, Joffe C (2009).

3407:

Grimes DA, Benson J, Singh S, Romero M, Ganatra B, Okonofua FE, Shah IH (25 November 2006).

2888: 1082:

in the first trimester is the safest method of surgical abortion, and can be performed in a

800:

A vacuum aspiration abortion at eight weeks gestational age (six weeks after fertilization).

19745: 19700: 19668: 19663: 19589: 19564: 19520: 19150: 18859: 18704: 18539: 18271: 18125: 18085: 17966: 17790: 17729: 17589: 17446: 17370: 17278: 17268: 17064: 16965: 16943: 16639: 16590: 15910: 15900: 15828: 15823: 15798: 15783: 15778: 15594: 15507: 15497: 15374: 15364: 15349: 15273: 15217: 15136: 15131: 15106: 14976: 14873: 14803: 14752: 14732: 14662: 14637: 14622: 14532: 14096: 13783: 13630: 13395: 13384:"Sharks, rays and abortion: The prevalence of capture-induced parturition in elasmobranchs" 11974: 11968: 9301: 8473: 7972: 4257: 2635:, the first person to be executed in the United States for murdering an abortion provider. 2464: 2335: 2182: 1911: 1843: 1776: 1677: 1620: 1438: 1323: 1205: 1161:

has been investigated extensively. Major medical and scientific bodies (including the WHO,

978: 906: 873: 587: 372:

An induced abortion is a medical procedure to end a pregnancy. In modern English, the term

320: 307: 9554:"Nonuse of contraception among women at risk of unintended pregnancy in the United States" 8653:

Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, et al. (December 2012).

8477: 7662:

Bartlett LA, Berg CJ, Shulman HB, Zane SB, Green CA, Whitehead S, Atrash HK (April 2004).

3732:"Abortion laws reform may reduce maternal mortality: an ecological study in 162 countries" 2088:

Some 19th-century physicians, one of the most famous and consequential being the American

876:", or EVA can be used in very early pregnancy when cervical dilation may not be required. 741:

Early medical abortions account for the majority of abortions before 9 weeks gestation in

8: 19919: 19816: 19594: 19425: 19376: 19319: 19275: 19250: 19052: 18964: 18559: 18499: 18416: 18263: 18175: 17896: 17891: 17866: 17693: 17604: 17559: 17459: 17318: 17236: 17219: 17184: 17039: 16960: 16920: 16143: 16100: 16065: 15972: 15952: 15456: 15421: 15379: 15354: 15334: 15313: 15156: 15111: 15071: 15026: 15021: 15011: 15001: 14996: 14991: 14981: 14966: 14961: 14956: 14951: 14946: 14923: 14868: 14783: 14773: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14692: 14687: 14632: 14607: 14552: 14537: 14502: 14348: 14020:

Sedgh G, Bearak J, Singh S, Bankole A, Popinchalk A, Ganatra B, et al. (July 2016).

12677: 10856: 9725: 9667: 8913:

Conti JA, Brant AR, Shumaker HD, Reeves MF (December 2016). "Update on abortion policy".

2914:"Birthing a Nation: Fertility Control Access and the 19th Century Demographic Transition" 2588: 2468: 2445: 2108:

punished only the doctor or abortionist, and while women could be criminally tried for a

2030: 1728: 1091: 400: 347: 295: 275: 216: 129: 14260: 13924:

Ganatra B, Tunçalp Ö, Johnston HB, Johnson BR, Gülmezoglu AM, Temmerman M (March 2014).

13787: 13634: 13521: 13467: 13399: 9626: 9569: 8689: 7494: 7477: 7392: 7329: 7215: 6379: 6272: 6211: 5689: 5672:

Fjerstad M, Sivin I, Lichtenberg ES, Trussell J, Cleland K, Cullins V (September 2009).

4890: 4817: 3855: 3486: 3277: 3165: 1593:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

19953: 19720: 19658: 19446: 19435: 19413: 19408: 19397: 19255: 19175: 18928: 18805: 18694: 18600: 18401: 18324: 18213: 18090: 18016: 17911: 17579: 17474: 17439: 17298: 17147: 17059: 17024: 16905: 16852: 16741: 16470: 16324: 16095: 16080: 15589: 15359: 15339: 15308: 15232: 15222: 15187: 15182: 15146: 15126: 15116: 15101: 15096: 15076: 15046: 15016: 15006: 14938: 14913: 14908: 14838: 14813: 14798: 14793: 14747: 14742: 14702: 14677: 14612: 14599: 14527: 14487: 14472: 14046: 14021: 13986: 13950: 13925: 13846: 13807: 13799: 13704: 13654: 13572: 13564: 13411: 12956: 12931: 12839: 12818: 12760: 12728: 12634: 12599: 12465: 11763: 11708: 11414: 10860: 10461: 10436: 10316: 10283: 9994: 9977: 9891: 9847:"Surgical versus medical methods for second-trimester induced abortion: RHL commentary" 9761: 9643: 9610: 9586: 9553: 9519: 9411: 9356: 9279: 9008: 8973: 8938: 8860: 8812: 8795: 8702: 8628: 8568: 8551: 8232: 8197: 8170: 8146: 8121: 8037:

Kelly K (February 2014). "The spread of 'Post Abortion Syndrome' as social diagnosis".

7860: 7693: 7680: 7663: 7606: 7546: 7184: 7141: 7061: 7036: 6981: 6868: 6843: 6820: 6567: 6524: 6464: 6285: 6224: 6137: 6125: 5984: 5959: 5875: 5721: 5698: 5673: 5599: 5574: 5509: 5291: 5213: 5186: 5162: 5135: 4952: 4794: 4781: 4764: 4655: 4318: 4208: 4178: 3985: 3929: 3814: 3789: 3758: 3731: 3653: 3628: 3604: 3569: 3438: 3378: 3287: 3258: 3228: 3208: 3045: 2760: 2654: 2632: 2612: 2441: 2186: 2105: 2066: 2053: 1954: 1902: 1890: 1863: 1681: 1636: 1524: 1346: 1337:

at the time of becoming pregnant. Inconsistent use was reported by half of those using

1256: 1184:

states: "In fact, illegal abortions in this country have an impressive safety record."

929: 914: 826: 765: 746: 438: 404: 291: 76: 18938: 14037: 13294: 13277: 12551: 12534: 12432: 12405: 12158: 11259:

When Abortion Was a Crime: Women, Medicine and the Law in the United States, 1867–1973

10198: 9496: 9344: 9267: 9071: 8670: 8616: 8598:"Unsafe abortion: global and regional incidence, trends, consequences, and challenges" 8521: 6948: 6842:

Petersen EE, Davis NL, Goodman D, Cox S, Mayes N, Johnston E, et al. (May 2019).

6598: 4933: 4166: 3644: 3426: 925: 503:; intentional trauma or stress to cause miscarriage is considered induced abortion or 88: 19989: 19695: 19569: 19462: 19371: 19280: 18574: 18494: 18120: 18080: 18033: 17981: 17906: 17658: 17534: 17273: 17214: 17054: 17034: 17029: 16561: 16480: 16404: 16382: 15895: 15813: 15664: 15617: 15477: 15344: 15303: 15293: 15141: 15066: 15036: 14928: 14893: 14878: 14843: 14828: 14808: 14682: 14672: 14657: 14617: 14582: 14306: 14197:"Health worker roles in providing safe abortion care and post-abortion contraception" 14163: 14132: 14051: 13994: 13972: 13955: 13917:

Opposition and Intimidation: The abortion wars and strategies of political harassment

13901: 13895: 13696: 13646: 13597: 13325: 13299: 13199: 13161: 13153: 12996: 12961: 12786: 12720: 12638: 12603: 12591: 12556: 12473: 12409: 12294: 12261: 12231: 12134: 12094:"Abortion pill: Why Japanese women will need their partner's consent to get a tablet" 12046: 12036: 12015: 12005: 11988: 11978: 11951: 11941: 11873: 11834: 11767: 11719: 11572: 11540: 11422: 11378: 11262: 11227: 11217: 10991: 10864: 10823: 10760: 10733: 10491: 10466: 10400: 10358: 10321: 10303: 10264: 10237: 10220:

Fenig E, Mishaeli M, Kalish Y, Lishner M (February 2001). "Pregnancy and radiation".

10202: 10167: 10125: 10091: 10032: 9998: 9955: 9895: 9883: 9782: 9737: 9648: 9630: 9591: 9573: 9527: 9431: 9348: 9271: 9102: 9075: 9012: 8930: 8891: 8879: 8852: 8848: 8817: 8767: 8737: 8694: 8679: 8620: 8573: 8525: 8483: 8453: 8423: 8413: 8388: 8357: 8202: 8151: 8095: 8054: 8019: 7954: 7852: 7798: 7738: 7685: 7598: 7551: 7499: 7458: 7431: 7414:"ACOG practice bulletin No. 104: antibiotic prophylaxis for gynecologic procedures". 7396: 7361: 7320: 7219: 7176: 7145: 7133: 7066: 6986: 6968: 6917: 6907: 6873: 6812: 6771: 6684: 6653: 6602: 6559: 6516: 6512: 6481: 6471: 6384: 6289: 6277: 6216: 6175: 6158:

Templeton A, Grimes DA (December 2011). "Clinical practice. A request for abortion".

6141: 6129: 6092: 6057: 6047: 5989: 5931: 5750: 5703: 5635: 5604: 5501: 5455: 5427: 5375: 5365: 5299: 5270: 5241: 5218: 5167: 5114: 5049: 5020: 4985: 4956: 4902: 4894: 4851: 4786: 4739: 4677: 4595: 4566: 4556: 4463: 4453: 4408: 4310: 4230: 4170: 4040: 3933: 3859: 3819: 3763: 3699: 3658: 3609: 3591: 3490: 3430: 3382: 3370: 3292: 3259:"Reasons why women have induced abortions: a synthesis of findings from 14 countries" 3072: 2894: 2852: 2765: 2715: 2561:

can reduce the prevalence of such abortions without attendant negative consequences.

2558: 2202: 1894: 1859: 1628: 1079: 1048: 910: 773: 769: 730: 496: 492: 473: 263: 235: 185: 83: 55: 14076: 13850: 13811: 13708: 13576: 13547:

Schwagmeyer PL (1979). "The Bruce Effect: An Evaluation of Male/Female Advantages".

13415: 12732: 9385: 9360: 9283: 9033: 8977: 8942: 8864: 8632: 8327:. American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 31 July 2003. Archived from 8090: 8073: 8050: 7697: 7610: 7188: 7020:

Donnelly L (26 February 2011). "Abortion is Safer than Having a Baby, Doctors Say".

6824: 6706: 6571: 6528: 6044:

Managing Complications in Pregnancy and Childbirth: A Guide for Midwives and Doctors

5749:(10th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 586–603. 5513: 4798: 4322: 4182: 1893:

contain descriptions of abortive techniques right alongside the Oath. The physician

19771: 19766: 19552: 19547: 19430: 19386: 18836: 18831: 18727: 18711: 18110: 18026: 17991: 17629: 17241: 17114: 17109: 17003: 16123: 15890: 15885: 15512: 15369: 15268: 15197: 14863: 14833: 14737: 14652: 14517: 14080: 14072: 14041: 14033: 13945: 13937: 13926:"From concept to measurement: operationalizing WHO's definition of unsafe abortion" 13876: 13838: 13791: 13688: 13658: 13638: 13556: 13403: 13289: 13145: 12988: 12951: 12943: 12831: 12712: 12626: 12583: 12546: 12457: 12401: 11909: 11755: 11675:

Abdeltath R, Arablouei R, Caine J, Kaplan-Levenson L, Wu L, Yvellez V, et al.

11370: 11331: 10912:

Contraception: A History of Its Treatment by the Catholic Theologians and Canonists

10852: 10456: 10448: 10311: 10295: 10229: 10194: 10157: 10124:, 6th edition. Eds. Steven G. Gabbe, et al. 2012 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier. 10087: 10075: 9990: 9879: 9875: 9774: 9638: 9622: 9581: 9565: 9511: 9423: 9340: 9263: 9067: 9000: 8965: 8922: 8844: 8807: 8706: 8684: 8674: 8666: 8612: 8563: 8517: 8223:

Position statements of major medical bodies on abortion and breast cancer include:

8192: 8187: 8182: 8141: 8133: 8085: 8046: 8011: 7944: 7864: 7844: 7790: 7730: 7675: 7590: 7541: 7537: 7533: 7489: 7423: 7388: 7353: 7312: 7211: 7168: 7125: 7056: 7048: 6976: 6960: 6899: 6863: 6855: 6804: 6761: 6643: 6594: 6551: 6508: 6374: 6326: 6267: 6228: 6206: 6167: 6121: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5870: 5860: 5836:. Neuchâtel: Office of Federal Statistics, Switzerland. 5 July 2011. Archived from 5712:

The regimen (200 mg of mifepristone, followed 24–48 hours later by 800 mcg of

5693: 5685: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5493: 5331: 5208: 5198: 5157: 5147: 4948: 4886: 4776: 4667: 4302: 4220: 4162: 3921: 3851: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3753: 3743: 3689: 3648: 3640: 3599: 3581: 3570:"Self-managed medication abortion outcomes: results from a prospective pilot study" 3482: 3442: 3422: 3362: 3282: 3272: 3220: 3041: 2968:

When Abortion Was a Crime: Women, Medicine, and Law in the United States, 1867–1973

2734: 2703: 2699: 2647: 2530: 2477: 2429: 1985: 1882: 1528: 1478: 1464:

and health risk to the pregnant person. There are prenatal tests that can diagnose

1422: 921: 758: 639: 521: 484: 462: 412: 251: 231: 212: 13278:"Effect on abortion of feeding Korean pine needles to pregnant Korean native cows" 12947: 12932:"Is banning sex-selection the best approach for reducing prenatal discrimination?" 11759: 5624: 5203: 5152: 115: 19855: 19843: 19781: 19542: 19185: 18658: 18595: 18529: 18489: 18471: 18339: 18224: 18188: 18140: 18100: 18001: 17951: 17678: 17393: 17288: 17157: 17049: 16938: 16887: 16619: 16475: 16339: 16297: 16158: 16133: 16057: 15947: 15929: 15875: 15759: 15549: 14577: 14497: 14462: 14358: 13891: 13591: 13407: 12659: 12288: 12028: 11935: 11608: 11582: 10843:

Meyer HS (17 April 2002). "Ancient Ethics: Medical Ethics in the Ancient World".

10754: 10485: 8926: 7615:

Second trimester surgical abortion is well tolerated and increasingly expeditious

7594: 7581:

Lerma K, Shaw KA (December 2017). "Update on second trimester medical abortion".

7427: 7357: 7172: 6808: 5497: 5397: 5076: 4635: 4418: 4050: 2755: 2628: 2596: 2489: 2460: 2456: 2164: 1928: 1768: 1696: 1612: 1548: 1469: 1322:

partly attributable to lack of access to modern contraceptives; according to the

1260: 1223: 1188: 1087: 1059: 1044: 970: 941: 905:

Abortion may also be performed surgically by hysterotomy or gravid hysterectomy.

784: 648: 630: 500: 450: 442: 415:" generally refers to all scheduled surgery, whether medically necessary or not. 376:, when used without further qualification, generally refers to induced abortion. 327: 315: 283: 247: 204: 177: 101: 15628: 13991:

Sex and Herbs and Birth Control: Women and Fertility Regulation Through the Ages

7664:"Risk factors for legal induced abortion-related mortality in the United States" 5482:"Mifepristone With Buccal Misoprostol for Medical Abortion: A Systematic Review" 4765:"Risk factors for legal induced abortion-related mortality in the United States" 19786: 19006: 18130: 18055: 18011: 17724: 17639: 17345: 17293: 16991: 16662: 16489: 16465: 16409: 16287: 16282: 16272: 16260: 16138: 15922: 15793: 15739: 14572: 14237: 14092: 14008: 12652: 12093: 10020: 7794: 7734: 6648: 6631: 6459: 5573:

Wildschut H, Both MI, Medema S, Thomee E, Wildhagen MF, Kapp N (January 2011).

5481: 5262: 4731: 4306: 3727: 3694: 3677: 3586: 3366: 3097:"How many people are affected by or at risk for pregnancy loss or miscarriage?" 2805: 2750: 2711: 2604: 2553: 2496: 2425: 2319: 2222:" while groups who are against such legal restrictions describe themselves as " 2170: 2089: 1886: 1642:

Exposure to a single chemotherapy drug is estimated to cause a 7.5–17% risk of

1315: 1290: 1201: 1020: 849:

or vacuum aspiration are the most common surgical methods of induced abortion.

303: 208: 16671:

The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

13149: 12992: 12587: 11066: 10925: 10452: 10299: 10025:"From Privacy to Autonomy: The Conditions for Reproductive and Sexual Freedom" 9978:"Reasons U.S. women have abortions: quantitative and qualitative perspectives" 9724:

Strauss LT, Gamble SB, Parker WY, Cook DA, Zane SB, Hamdan S (November 2006).

8736:(5th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 406. 8487: 8300:. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. p. 9. Archived from 8137: 8015: 7949: 7932: 7848: 6895:

Read "The Safety and Quality of Abortion Care in the United States" at NAP.edu

5897:. Helsinki: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland. Archived from 4934:"Reasons U.S. women have abortions: quantitative and qualitative perspectives" 3748: 2420:: In some countries or territories, abortion laws are modified by other laws, 290:

states that "access to legal, safe and comprehensive abortion care, including

19983: 19525: 19474: 19190: 19135: 18908: 18854: 18569: 18388: 18356: 18351: 18319: 18160: 18095: 17976: 17734: 17624: 17413: 17388: 17140: 16981: 16895: 16700: 16614: 16575: 16551: 16460: 16344: 16277: 16148: 16052: 16013: 15870: 15705: 15517: 14492: 14437: 13731:"Further evidence for male infanticide and feticide in captive plains zebra, 13621:

Berger J (5 May 1983). "Induced abortion and social factors in wild horses".

13203: 13157: 12617:

Lambert-Beatty C (2008). "Twelve miles: Boundaries of the new art/activism".

12595: 12235: 12019: 10307: 10162: 10145: 9634: 9577: 9139: 9004: 8969: 7316: 7052: 6972: 6627: 6061: 5808: 4898: 4760: 4570: 4488: 3595: 3350: 2809: 2682: 2600: 2518: 2437: 2121: 1962: 1950: 1796: 1792: 1784: 1772: 1764: 1665:

The process of birth itself may also put the mother at risk. According to Li

1619:

is chosen)". Very early stage cervical cancers (I and IIa) may be treated by

1562: 1498: 1474: 1465: 1434: 1334: 1103: 962: 796: 684: 677: 673: 396: 380: 356: 335: 299: 279: 267: 243: 14084: 13133: 12716: 12050: 11992: 11955: 11586: 11231: 10704: 7882:"APA Task Force Finds Single Abortion Not a Threat to Women's Mental Health" 6485: 5928:

Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy: comprehensive abortion care

5452:

Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy: comprehensive abortion care

5424:

Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy: comprehensive abortion care

5379: 4422: 4054: 1302:

There are two commonly used methods of measuring the incidence of abortion:

479:

The most common cause of spontaneous abortion during the first trimester is

19574: 19140: 19108: 18968: 18866: 18849: 18070: 18065: 17956: 17833: 17801: 17770: 17350: 17303: 17251: 17209: 16844: 16529: 16524: 16265: 16165: 16110: 15838: 15717: 15712: 15527: 15522: 15436: 15398: 14457: 14370: 14055: 13959: 13749: 13700: 13692: 13303: 13165: 13000: 12965: 12724: 12560: 12072:"In Japan, Abortion is Legal — But Most Women Need Their Husband's Consent" 11643:"How The Fight To Ban Abortion Is Rooted In The 'Great Replacement' Theory" 11426: 11382: 10470: 10325: 10268: 10241: 10233: 10185:

Mayr NA, Wen BC, Saw CB (June 1998). "Radiation therapy during pregnancy".

10171: 10002: 9887: 9786: 9741: 9652: 9595: 9531: 9435: 9352: 9275: 8934: 8895: 8856: 8821: 8796:"Making abortions safe: a matter of good public health policy and practice" 8698: 8624: 8577: 8529: 8206: 8155: 8099: 8058: 8023: 7958: 7856: 7802: 7742: 7689: 7602: 7555: 7503: 7435: 7400: 7365: 7223: 7180: 7137: 7070: 6990: 6964: 6921: 6893: 6877: 6859: 6816: 6775: 6688: 6672: 6657: 6563: 6542:

Ciganda C, Laborde A (2003). "Herbal infusions used for induced abortion".

6388: 6281: 6220: 6179: 6133: 5993: 5707: 5608: 5505: 5222: 5171: 5106: 5102: 5012: 5011:, Elias S (2007). "51. Legal and Ethical Issues in Obstetric Practice". In 5008: 4960: 4906: 4790: 4681: 4314: 4234: 4174: 4146:

Sedgh G, Singh S, Shah IH, Ahman E, Henshaw SK, Bankole A (February 2012).

3863: 3823: 3767: 3703: 3662: 3613: 3494: 3434: 3374: 3333: 3296: 2727: 2624: 2620: 2331: 2252: 2235: 2215: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2137: 2075: 1973: 1655: 1461: 1442: 1426: 1181: 1095: 1083: 974: 805: 714: 713:

Shown here is the typical regimen for early medical abortions (200 mg

702: 687: 614: 384: 351: 239: 13941: 13650: 13218:"Beef cattle and Beef production: Management and Husbandry of Beef Cattle" 12477: 12413: 11442:"Scarlet Letters: Getting the History of Abortion and Contraception Right" 11374: 10206: 9975:

Finer LB, Frohwirth LF, Dauphinee LA, Singh S, Moore AM (September 2005).

9079: 8427: 8317:

Induced abortion is not associated with an increase in breast cancer risk.

8229:"Induced abortion does not increase breast cancer risk (Fact sheet N°240)" 7462: 7324: 6606: 6555: 6171: 4932:

Finer LB, Frohwirth LF, Dauphinee LA, Singh S, Moore AM (September 2005).

4467: 2136:(1938) would follow suit to legalize certain or all forms of abortion. In 1817:). One of the earliest known artistic representations of abortion is in a 1737: 1695:

In the United States, public opinion shifted after television personality

1128:

Current evidence finds no relationship between most induced abortions and

1051:

are among the safest procedures in medicine. According to a 2012 study in

19457: 19213: 19200: 18684: 18643: 18610: 18378: 18371: 17936: 17760: 17355: 17313: 17231: 16519: 16455: 16292: 16235: 16175: 16170: 16008: 15957: 15818: 15532: 13969:

Reproductive Rights and Wrongs: The Global Politics of Population Control

12319:"European delegation visits Nicaragua to examine effects of abortion ban" 11211: 10423:

References in Atharva Veda show that abortion was known in the Vedic age.

10071: 8169:

Schneider AP, Zainer CM, Kubat CK, Mullen NK, Windisch AK (August 2014).

6520: 3071:(4 ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2012. pp. 438–439. 2741:

monkeys may attack females following male takeover, causing miscarriage.

2738: 2687: 2677: 2670: 2580: 2432:. This map shows their combined effect as implemented by the authorities. 2104:, and religious groups more so since the 20th century. Some of the early 2070: 2039: 2022: 1700: 1647: 1643: 1556: 1536: 1099: 1016: 993: 839: 819: 718: 694: 428: 350:. Others favor legal and accessible abortion as a public health measure. 165: 109: 19936: 18877: 15660: 13382:

Adams KR, Fetterplace LC, Davis AR, Taylor MD, Knott NA (January 2018).

11159:

Characteristics of U.S. Abortion Patients in 2014 and Changes Since 2008

8884:

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4452:(4) (5th ed.). Sydney, NSW: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier: 24–30. 3353:(July 2019). "Update on Reproductive Rights and Women's Mental Health". 2100:

as well as moral grounds. Church groups were also highly influential in

2005:

Denominations that support abortion rights with some limits include the

1756:

inducing an abortion by pounding the abdomen of a pregnant woman with a

1228: 19342: 18973: 18844: 18544: 18534: 18466: 17941: 17765: 17283: 17205: 17084: 16879: 15917: 15857: 15788: 13842: 13803: 13795: 13568: 12979:

Wilson M, Lynxwiler J (1988). "Abortion clinic violence as terrorism".

12843: 12469: 11418: 9523: 9379:"Facts on Investing in Family Planning and Maternal and Newborn Health" 9027:"Facts on Investing in Family Planning and Maternal and Newborn Health" 6363:"Clinical guidelines. Labor induction abortion in the second trimester" 5865: 5541: 4701:"Surgical versus medical methods for second-trimester induced abortion" 3232: 2977:, University of New Mexico Press, 2002, pp. 209–218, 230, 267–286, 305. 2608: 2421: 2097: 2081: 2062: 1977: 1942: 1938: 1870:. Abortion is largely heavily restricted or forbidden in areas of high 1867: 1818: 1745: 1741: 1632: 1624: 1506: 1005: 1001: 997: 466: 458: 454: 64: 60: 13276:

Kim IH, Choi KC, An BS, Choi IG, Kim BK, Oh YK, Jeung EB (July 2003).

7913:. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 13 August 2008. 4207:

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3925: 3209:"Reasons Why Women Have Induced Abortions: Evidence from 27 Countries" 1132:

other than those expected for any unwanted pregnancy. A report by the

1058:

In the US from 2000 to 2009, abortion had a mortality rate lower than

1019:

and insertion of non-surgical implements such as knitting needles and

383:

of the embryo or fetus, which gains mass as the pregnancy progresses.

330:

with regard to moral, religious, ethical, and legal issues. Those who

19512: 19012: 18983: 18633: 18521: 18361: 17921: 16875: 16307: 16180: 16040: 16030: 15865: 15843: 15770: 13642: 7884:(Press release). American Psychological Association. 12 August 2008. 7129: 4106:"Worldwide, an estimated 25 million unsafe abortions occur each year" 2616: 1916: 1881:

Some medical scholars and abortion opponents have suggested that the

1788: 1704: 1514:

or willing to raise a child conceived as a result of rape or incest.

1406: 1388: 726: 698: 153: 123: 12835: 12461: 12189:

Joyce TJ, Henshaw SK, Dennis A, Finer LB, Blanchard K (April 2009).

11500:"Alito's Leaked Abortion Opinion Misunderstands Unenumerated Rights" 10396:

Domestic Violence Against Women: Legal Control and Judicial Response

9778: 9515: 9427: 8654: 7633:

American College of Obstetrics & Gynecology - Practice Bulletins

4672: 4225: 4148:"Induced abortion: incidence and trends worldwide from 1995 to 2008" 3224: 437:. A pregnancy that ends before 37 weeks of gestation resulting in a 19850: 19584: 19507: 19468: 18933: 18605: 18406: 18366: 18021: 17360: 16690: 16507: 16421: 16399: 16319: 16220: 16128: 16035: 15880: 15700: 15537: 14512: 14452: 14142: 13560: 12630: 12098: 11937:

The origins of Nazi genocide: from euthanasia to the final solution

11609:"The Suffragettes Would Not Agree With Feminists Today on Abortion" 11335: 6903: 2452: 2412:* Does not apply to some countries or territories in that category 2174: 2113: 1837: 1833: 1780: 1749: 1460:

Medical reasons for seeking an abortion later in pregnancy include

862: 504: 199:

When done legally in industrialized societies, induced abortion is

13824: 11674: 10973:

Cyril C. Means Jr., "A historian's view", in Robert E. Hall, ed.,

10612:"Religious freedom: The next battleground for US abortion rights?" 9497:"Contraceptive use among U.S. women having abortions in 2000-2001" 4874:"Eliminating the phrase 'elective abortion': why language matters" 3567: 2169:

Induced abortion has long been the source of considerable debate.

139: 17986: 17931: 17916: 17901: 17167: 16609: 16580: 16556: 16538: 16334: 16314: 14287:

Safe abortion: Technical & policy guidance for health systems

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8122:"Breast cancer and the politics of abortion in the United States" 6254:

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5960:"Self-administered versus provider-administered medical abortion" 4023: 2129: 1933: 1847: 1807: 1708: 1278: 181: 14196: 14013:

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11469:"What Alito Gets Wrong About the History of Abortion in America" 9608: 8072:

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6466:

Eve's herbs: a history of contraception and abortion in the West

6253: 5671: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4003: 2347:

Risk to woman's life, to her health*, rape, or fetal impairment

2246: 1767:, abortions have been done using a number of methods, including 1531:). These factors can sometimes result in compulsory abortion or 709: 172:, or less frequently "induced miscarriage". The unmodified word 19489: 19130: 18411: 17673: 17135: 17130: 16447: 16329: 16153: 16075: 15734: 15729: 15724: 14156:

Safe abortion: technical and policy guidance for health systems

14128:

The World Health Report 2005: Make every mother and child count

13875: 11940:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 30. 11216:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 17. 4845: 2658: 2619:

clinic. Notable perpetrators of anti-abortion violence include

2549: 2133: 2093: 2085:, was banned in both the United States and the United Kingdom. 1829: 1757: 1338: 1248: 895: 858: 812: 446: 392: 339: 259: 193: 157: 13322:

Kirkbride's Diagnosis of Abortion and Neonatal Loss in Animals

11800:

Benjamin Bailey, "Induction of abortion and premature labor",

10029:

From Abortion to Reproductive Freedom: Transforming a Movement

9762:"Abortion incidence and services in the United States in 2000" 8880:"Maternal mortalities 90% down as legal TOPs more than triple" 7775:

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7774: 7298: 7239:"Medical methods for first trimester abortion: RHL commentary" 5958:

Gambir K, Kim C, Necastro KA, Ganatra B, Ngo TD (March 2020).

4292: 953:

labor-induced abortion is legally risky in the United States.

894:(D&E), used after 12 to 16 weeks, consists of opening the 19861: 19311: 17719: 17383: 17152: 16209: 15744: 15695: 13923: 12433:"The accessibility of abortion services in the United States" 11930:

For sources describing abortion policy in Nazi Germany, see:

11559: 9730:

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries

9695:"Minority women most affected if abortion is banned, limited" 6112:"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 135: Second-trimester abortion". 5355: 5294:, Dashe JS, Hoffman BL, Casey BM, Sheffield JS, eds. (2014). 5048:. Concise Medical Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2010. 4027: 4000: 3626: 3543:

WHO Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research

2690:

can also induce abortions in cows. Several plants, including

2611:

1994 murder of two receptionists in Massachusetts clinic and

2141: 2125: 1871: 1753: 1282: 1177:) have concluded that abortion does not cause breast cancer. 966: 854: 403:

the number of fetuses to lessen health risks associated with

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Abortion Spontaneous and Induced: Medical and Social Aspects

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First trimester procedures can generally be performed using

16414: 14298: 13868:

United States anti-abortion movement § Further reading

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WHO Department of Reproductive Health and Research (2006).

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Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (8 February 2019).

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Abortion may also be induced in animals, in the context of

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First-trimester abortion in women with medical conditions.

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Frequently asked clinical questions about medical abortion

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Risk to woman's life, to her health*, or fetal impairment

1477:, newly diagnosed cancer in need of urgent treatment, and 1090:, or hospital. Complications, which are rare, can include 254:

of pregnancy. The most common surgical technique involves

246:

appears to be as safe and effective as surgery during the

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culture, it depicts the technique of abdominal abortion.

1775:, sharp tools through the use of force, or through other 865:, and membranes by suction using a manual syringe, while 16676:

Declaration on the elimination of violence against women

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1349:, could reduce unintended pregnancy and abortion rates. 1141:

anti-abortion advocates as a separate condition called "

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often argue that an embryo or fetus is a person with a

19706:

International Conference on Population and Development

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Chae S, Desai S, Crowell M, Sedgh G (1 October 2017).

2538:

International Conference on Population and Development

2476:

in emergency situations. China, which has ended their

1715:

publicly supported liberalization of abortion laws. A

1523:

rejection of contraceptive methods, or efforts toward

19827: 16366: 14062: 13177: 13175: 12674:"Selective abortion blamed for India's missing girls" 10977:, vol. 1, Columbia University Press, 1970, pp. 16–24. 10884:. Translated by Rackham H. Harvard University Press. 9384:. Guttmacher Institute. November 2010. Archived from 8450:

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The Johns Hopkins Manual of Gynecology and Obstetrics

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1448:

The Guttmacher Institute estimated there were 2,200

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International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics

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may determine which abortion methods are practiced.

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In the recodification of 1517: 1493: 1053:Obstetrics & Gynecology 845:Up to 15 weeks' gestation, 791: 344:support abortion's legality 200: 10: 20011: 19623:Population and Environment 18649:Obstetrics and gynaecology 17422:Brain health and pollution 16737:Black Women's Health Study 15804:Complications of pregnancy 14408:Abortion and mental health 14282:WHO fact sheet on abortion 13865: 13468:"Spaying Pregnant Females" 10646:Georgian E (1 July 2022). 10357:. CRC Press. p. 406. 7837:Current Psychiatry Reports 7795:10.1016/j.ajog.2016.08.038 7735:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.12.044 7422:(5): 1180–1189. May 2009. 6649:10.1783/147118907782101904 6040:"Dilatation and curettage" 4518:Hansen D (18 March 2014). 4307:10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.04.003 3695:10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.03.018 3587:10.1186/s12978-020-01016-4 3367:10.1016/j.mcna.2019.02.006 2917:(PDF; preliminary version) 2668: 2568: 2507: 2304:Unclear gestational limit 2239: 2233: 2162: 2151: 1726: 1361:Gestational age and method 1221: 1175:American Congress of OBGYN 1124:Abortion and mental health 1121: 1075:Safety and gestational age 1066:Safety of abortion methods 867:electric vacuum aspiration 785:Cochrane Systematic Review 525: 519: 515: 510: 474:aware that she is pregnant 426: 367: 29: 27:Termination of a pregnancy 19795: 19759: 19684: 19636: 19615: 19533:Human population planning 19498: 19444: 19395: 19357:Demographics of the world 19349: 19293: 19264: 19246:Calendar (rhythm) methods 19229: 19222: 19199: 19159: 19121: 19099: 19071: 19031: 19022: 18997: 18952: 18916: 18824: 18793: 18720: 18672: 18624: 18588: 18565:Pregnant patients' rights 18520: 18480: 18430: 18387: 18338: 18330:Pre-conception counseling 18312: 18287:Abortion-rights movements 18262: 18169: 18136:Right to rest and leisure 18042: 17847: 17840: 17783: 17748: 17712: 17666: 17657: 17635:Chorionic villus sampling 17617: 17412: 17369: 17338: 17331: 17198: 17123: 17092: 17083: 17017: 16987:Obstetric ultrasonography 16974: 16919: 16911:Pre-conception counseling 16886: 16798: 16755: 16714:Women's Health Initiative 16699: 16661: 16652: 16601: 16567:Major depressive disorder 16435: 16395:Intimate partner violence 16357: 16256:Female genital mutilation 16251: 16200: 16109: 16051: 15997: 15943: 15856: 15769: 15758: 15684: 15671: 15608: 15558: 15470: 15397: 15322: 15251: 15170: 14937: 14761: 14598: 14591: 14400: 14387:Abortion-rights movements 14379: 14336: 14238:Resources in your library 13919:. University of Michigan. 13880:. In Herbermann C (ed.). 13442:"Herpesvirus in dog pups" 13324:. John Wiley & Sons. 13196:Sheep Husbandry in Canada 13150:10.1007/s10979-006-9078-0 12993:10.1080/10576108808435717 12676:. Reuters. Archived from 12588:10.1007/s10624-005-3863-x 11467:Reagan LJ (2 June 2022). 10652:Clio and the Contemporary 10512:– via Google Books. 10490:. KTAV Publishing House. 10453:10.1007/s10815-008-9221-6 10435:Schenker JG (June 2008). 10354:Mould's Medical Anecdotes 10300:10.1177/03000605211028026 10150:Human Reproduction Update 8268:American Cancer Society: 8138:10.1017/S0025727300009145 8016:10.1016/j.whi.2011.02.002 7950:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.077230 7849:10.1007/s11920-017-0832-4 7668:Obstetrics and Gynecology 7451:Obstetrics and Gynecology 7416:Obstetrics and Gynecology 7161:Obstetrics and Gynecology 6114:Obstetrics and Gynecology 5486:Obstetrics and Gynecology 5134:Jarvis GE (7 June 2017). 4370:Staff FP (24 June 2022). 3749:10.1186/s12905-018-0705-y 3633:The Lancet. Global Health 3133:Oxford English Dictionary 3038:Oxford Constitutional Law 2786:obstetrics and gynecology 2546:World Health Organization 2411: 2308: 2260: 2211:World Medical Association 2037:were against overturning 1587:This section needs to be 1569: 1475:early severe preeclampsia 1431:intrauterine instillation 1265:World Health Organization 1163:National Cancer Institute 1041:World Health Organization 1026: 1000:decorating the temple of 882:World Health Organization 481:chromosomal abnormalities 288:World Health Organization 136: 122: 108: 94: 82: 70: 54: 46: 41: 32:Abortion (disambiguation) 19538:Compulsory sterilization 18451:Gamete Cryopreservation 18297:Circumcision controversy 18277:Compulsory sterilization 18151:Right to social security 18116:Right to Internet access 18061:Equal pay for equal work 17947:Presumption of innocence 17525:Intrahepatic cholestasis 16303:Gynaecological disorders 16119:Culture and menstruation 16086:Contraceptive prevalence 15978:Compulsory sterilization 14648:Central African Republic 14433:Abortion under communism 13520:Khuly P (1 April 2011). 13345:Overton R (March 2003). 13108:"The bomber under siege" 12936:Asian Population Studies 12899:"Prenatal sex selection" 12658:16 February 2006 at the 12576:Dialectical Anthropology 12287:Restivo SP, ed. (2005). 11772:Storer is cited at p. 4. 11716:Rowman & Littlefield 11440:Dine R (8 August 2013). 10516:Rosner F (7 June 2015). 10222:Cancer Treatment Reviews 9672:Guttmacher Policy Review 9005:10.1177/1532440014535476 8970:10.1177/1532440010387397 8120:Jasen P (October 2005). 7317:10.1001/archfami.7.6.559 7053:10.2105/AJPH.2005.068056 5240:(5 th ed.). Mosby. 4634:6 September 2023 at the 2771: 2544:resolution in 2011. The 1852:be fruitful and multiply 1828:). Found in a series of 1617:neoadjuvant chemotherapy 1355:Kaiser Family Foundation 949:other nearby countries. 936:Labor induction abortion 851:Manual vacuum aspiration 526:Not to be confused with 457:, it is usually termed " 362: 238:for abortions. The drug 152:is the termination of a 19480:Malthusian growth model 19161:Emergency Contraception 18811:Social hygiene movement 18664:Transgender health care 18027:right to be a candidate 17857:Equality before the law 17595:Motor vehicle emissions 17456:Concomitant conditions 17430:environmental toxicants 17173:Auxiliary nurse midwife 16934:artificial insemination 16901:Natural family planning 16586:Urinary tract infection 16378:Abuse during childbirth 15483:Dilation and evacuation 15432:Conscientious objection 15417:History of abortion law 14443:Crisis pregnancy center 14392:Anti-abortion movements 14101:. Population Division, 13549:The American Naturalist 13493:Coates J (7 May 2007). 13388:Biological Conservation 12717:10.1111/1467-7660.00130 12533:Gomperts R (May 2002). 11498:Root D (23 June 2022). 11126:Masci D (30 May 2020). 10799:. University of Chicago 7085:"Abortion in Indonesia" 5330:. WebMD. Archived from 2791:Definitions of abortion 2577:definition of terrorism 2102:anti-abortion movements 2035:Christian denominations 2019:Presbyterian Church USA 2007:United Methodist Church 1752:, c. 1150, depicting a 1652:intellectual disability 1419:dilation and evacuation 1167:American Cancer Society 913:and is performed under 892:Dilation and evacuation 778:dilation and evacuation 528:emergency contraception 19607:Zero population growth 19602:Sustainable population 19526:Malthusian catastrophe 19485:Overshoot (population) 19362:Demographic transition 19081:Multi-month injections 19024:Hormonal contraception 18988:Levonorgestrel implant 18954:Long-acting reversible 18639:Genitourinary medicine 18442:In vitro fertilization 18397:Hormonal contraception 18282:Contraceptive security 17887:Freedom of information 17872:Freedom of association 17689:Postpartum confinement 16949:in vitro fertilisation 16503:Cardiovascular disease 16091:Contraceptive security 16024:In vitro fertilization 15935:Postpartum confinement 15809:Hyperemesis gravidarum 15488:Dilation and curettage 15452:Late-term restrictions 14972:Bosnia and Herzegovina 14548:Sex-selective abortion 14428:Anti-abortion violence 13693:10.1006/anbe.1999.1371 13241:"Pine needle abortion" 13138:Law and Human Behavior 12705:Development and Change 12031:. In Tierney H (ed.). 11934:Friedlander H (1995). 11161:(Report). Guttmacher. 11008:Pope Sixtus V (1588). 10579:"Judaism and Abortion" 10294:(7): 030006052110280. 10234:10.1053/ctrv.2000.0193 10163:10.1093/humupd/7.4.384 6965:10.15585/mmwr.ss7110a1 6860:10.15585/mmwr.mm6818e1 5358:"Early pregnancy loss" 4814:"Therapeutic Abortion" 4759:Bartlett LA, Berg CJ, 2949:, Monarch Books, 1959. 2847:. Free Press. p. 2571:Anti-abortion violence 2565:Anti-abortion violence 2523:sex-selective abortion 2510:Sex-selective abortion 2504:Sex-selective abortion 2433: 2058: 2033:study found that most 2027:evangelical Christians 1990:1917 Code of Canon Law 1885:forbade physicians in 1760: 1533:sex-selective abortion 1510: 1473:in pregnancy, such as 1415:dilation and curettage 1240: 1215: 1198: 1171:Royal College of OBGYN 1143:post-abortion syndrome 1130:mental health problems 1108:mid-level practitioner 1036: 987:multiple organ failure 977:, and the now-extinct 878:Dilation and curettage 842: 722: 19716:Population Connection 19580:Mere addition paradox 19419:Physiological density 19209:Vaginal pH modulation 19186:Low-dose mifepristone 19086:Progestogen-only pill 18980:Contraceptive implant 18302:Intersex human rights 18199:Intersex human rights 18007:Right of self-defense 17962:Right to a fair trial 17684:Postpartum depression 17565:Pruritic folliculitis 17309:Unassisted childbirth 16625:Healthcare inequality 16427:Gender discrimination 16231:Human papilloma virus 15906:Vesicovaginal fistula 15545:Self-induced abortion 14543:Self-induced abortion 14468:Genetics and abortion 14364:Philosophical aspects 13993:. Kovalevskaia Fund. 13942:10.2471/BLT.14.136333 13883:Catholic Encyclopedia 13866:Further information: 13320:Njaa BL, ed. (2011). 11375:10.1300/J013v04n02_05 10027:. In Fried MG (ed.). 9097:. In Balin RE (ed.). 8680:10536/DRO/DU:30050819 8175:The Linacre Quarterly 8004:Women's Health Issues 6556:10.1081/CLT-120021104 6172:10.1056/NEJMcp1103639 5394:"Fetal Homicide Laws" 4440:Johnstone MJ (2009). 3006:Oxford Bibliographies 2708:lethal white syndrome 2669:Further information: 2387:Risk to woman's life 2336:socioeconomic factors 2249: 2152:Further information: 2110:self-induced abortion 2050: 1959:St. Alphonsus Liguori 1947:Doctors of the Church 1850:encourages people to 1740: 1733:Religion and abortion 1501: 1245:self-induced abortion 1231: 1210: 1193: 1034: 1013:self-induced abortion 965:. Such herbs include 946:inducing fetal demise 799: 712: 683:in the 1970s and the 19746:World Population Day 19701:Church of Euthanasia 19590:Non-identity problem 19565:Political demography 19521:Human overpopulation 19241:Breastfeeding method 19151:Contraceptive sponge 19035:estrogen–progestogen 18984:Etonogestrel implant 18860:tax on childlessness 18616:Genital modification 18540:Unintended pregnancy 18272:Reproductive Justice 18086:Right to development 17967:Right to family life 17917:Freedom from torture 17902:Freedom from slavery 17791:Gravidity and parity 17771:Congenital disorders 17730:Lactation consultant 17600:Pre-existing disease 17279:Childbirth positions 17269:Rupture of membranes 16966:Unintended pregnancy 16944:fertility medication 16732:Nurses' Health Study 16640:Reproductive justice 16591:Urinary incontinence 16211:Sexually transmitted 16066:Intrauterine devices 15911:Rectovaginal fistula 15901:Obstetrical fistulae 15829:Gestational diabetes 15824:Obstetrical bleeding 15799:Adolescent pregnancy 15784:Gravidity and parity 15779:Unintended pregnancy 15508:Menstrual extraction 15457:Parental involvement 14919:United Arab Emirates 14533:Prenatal development 12930:Das Gupta M (2019). 12510:. RH Reality Check. 12373:on 22 September 2006 12027:DiMeglio PM (1999). 10935:. 9 September 2016. 10896:– via Perseus. 10797:Encyclopaedia Romana 10680:. BBC. 9 July 2009. 8010:(3 Suppl): S44–S48. 5814:on 26 September 2011 5400:on 11 September 2012 4341:Guttmacher Institute 4258:Guttmacher Institute 3688:(Suppl 1): S56–S59. 3545:. 19 November 2021. 2638:Some countries have 2469:parents be contacted 2320:Risk to woman's life 1777:traditional medicine 1723:History and religion 1678:Congenital disorders 1621:radical hysterectomy 1324:Guttmacher Institute 1257:developing countries 1206:Frederick J. Taussig 907:Hysterotomy abortion 874:menstrual extraction 328:there remains debate 321:unintended pregnancy 276:intrauterine devices 217:medication abortions 211:, especially in the 30:For other uses, see 19595:Reproductive rights 19426:Population dynamics 19377:Population momentum 19276:Non-penetrative sex 19268:vaginal intercourse 19233:vaginal intercourse 19053:Contraceptive patch 19048:Extended cycle Pill 18965:Intrauterine device 18929:Male contraceptives 18560:Pregnancy from rape 18417:Intrauterine device 17897:Freedom of religion 17892:Freedom of movement 17867:Freedom of assembly 17849:Civil and political 17694:Sex after pregnancy 17501:Endocrine diseases 17447:Prenatal depression 17319:Placental expulsion 17237:Uterine contraction 17220:cervical effacement 16961:Fertility awareness 16645:Women's empowerment 16513:Alzheimer's disease 16144:Cloth menstrual pad 16101:Fertility awareness 16071:Oral contraceptives 15953:Perinatal mortality 15518:Abortifacient drugs 15238:Trinidad and Tobago 14553:Sidewalk counseling 14538:Reproductive rights 14503:Minors and abortion 13971:. South End Press. 13967:Hartmann B (1995). 13788:1991BEcoS..29..217K 13755:on 22 February 2012 13635:1983Natur.303...59B 13593:Equine Reproduction 13422:on 23 February 2019 13400:2018BCons.217...11A 13363:on 18 February 2013 13354:Paint Horse Journal 13194:Spencer JB (1908). 12680:on 20 February 2006 12431:Henshaw SK (1991). 11967:Proctor RN (1988). 11827:Bullough V (2001). 11288:National Geographic 11257:Reagan LJ (2022) . 11132:Pew Research Center 10881:Aristotle, Politics 10878:Aristotele (1944). 10756:Soranus' Gynecology 9927:. 5 December 2019. 9857:on 15 February 2009 9252:(9595): 1338–1345. 9142:on 7 December 2009. 8665:(9859): 2095–2128. 8539:on 11 January 2012. 8235:on 13 February 2011 7457:(5 Pt 2): 884–890. 7167:(2 Pt 1): 215–219. 6947:Kortsmit K (2022). 6803:(2 Pt 1): 215–219. 6331:10.3843/GLOWM.10444 6007:Healthwise (2004). 5653:on 26 December 2011 5296:Williams Obstetrics 4848:Williams Gynecology 4820:on 14 December 2004 4524:The Huffington Post 4491:(18 October 2013). 3574:Reproductive Health 3421:(9550): 1908–1919. 3219:(3): 117–127, 152. 2887:Schultz DA (2002). 2552:, along with other 2446:reproductive health 2444:, and the right to 2230:Modern abortion law 2148:Society and culture 2031:Pew Research Center 1729:History of abortion 1347:male contraceptives 1092:uterine perforation 1084:primary care office 308:traditional methods 230:Modern methods use 19995:Human reproduction 19721:Population Matters 19436:Population pyramid 19414:Population density 19409:Population decline 19176:Ulipristal acetate 19164:(Post-intercourse) 19058:Monthly injections 18806:History of condoms 18695:Sexual dysfunction 18601:Sexual orientation 18555:Options counseling 18402:Male contraception 18325:Genetic counseling 18214:Right to sexuality 18091:Right to education 18017:Security of person 17912:Freedom of thought 17470:Hypercoagulability 17299:Natural childbirth 17148:Postterm pregnancy 16906:Male contraceptive 16742:Cartwright Inquiry 16653:Politics, research 16471:Endometrial cancer 16325:Sexual intercourse 16096:Planned parenthood 16081:Male contraceptive 15412:Constitutional law 15203:Dominican Republic 14528:Post-abortion care 14488:Limit of viability 14473:Late-term abortion 14105:, United Nations. 14032:(10041): 258–267. 13874:Coppens C (1907). 13843:10.1007/BF02435859 13827:Presbytis entellus 13796:10.1007/BF00166404 13470:. Carol's Ferals. 13022:on 15 October 2007 12446:(6): 246–52, 263. 12419:described ... 12264:. 20 August 2021. 12161:on 28 October 2015 12129:Farrell C (2010). 11912:on 8 February 2008 11866:Raphael D (2011). 10910:Noonan JT (1986). 10818:Carrick P (2001). 10553:Reclaiming Judaism 10522:My Jewish Learning 10074:(September 2005). 9826:on 6 December 2010 9391:on 20 October 2011 9306:The New York Times 9193:on 9 November 2010 9132:Population Reports 9093:Maclean G (2005). 7249:on 28 October 2011 5904:on 18 January 2012 5866:10.1363/2019.30760 5722:Planned Parenthood 5267:Novak's Gynecology 4736:Novak's Gynecology 4549:Sifris RN (2013). 4301:(Suppl): S13–S16. 3736:BMC Women's Health 2966:Leslie J. Reagan, 2942:For sources, see: 2923:. Pomona College. 2761:My body, my choice 2724:trap–neuter–return 2665:Non-human examples 2655:Planned Parenthood 2467:, or require that 2442:security of person 2434: 2430:judicial decisions 2261:Legal on request: 2106:anti-abortion laws 2067:English common law 2065:, including early 2059: 2054:Boston Daily Times 1955:St. Thomas Aquinas 1903:Soranus of Ephesus 1891:Hippocratic Corpus 1874:faith such as the 1761: 1699:'s was exposed to 1682:prenatal screening 1637:radical mastectomy 1525:population control 1511: 1411:suction-aspiration 1343:birth control pill 1291:maternal mortality 1241: 1037: 1015:include misuse of 930:general anesthesia 915:general anesthesia 847:suction-aspiration 843: 768:, most of Europe, 723: 405:multiple pregnancy 348:reproductive right 292:post-abortion care 19825: 19824: 19696:7 Billion Actions 19570:Population ethics 19463:Carrying capacity 19372:Population growth 19309: 19308: 19289: 19288: 19117: 19116: 18875: 18874: 18575:Teenage pregnancy 18292:Genital integrity 18222: 18221: 18121:Right to property 18081:Right to clothing 18066:Fair remuneration 18034:Right to homeland 17982:Right to petition 17907:Freedom of speech 17799: 17798: 17784:Obstetric history 17779: 17778: 17740:Confinement nanny 17653: 17652: 17520:Acute fatty liver 17327: 17326: 17215:cervical dilation 16842: 16841: 16722: 16721: 16547: 16546: 16498: 16497: 16481:Papanicolaou test 16437:Non-communicable 16405:Sexual harassment 16383:Domestic violence 16353: 16352: 16196: 16195: 15993: 15992: 15896:Retained placenta 15814:Ectopic pregnancy 15626: 15625: 15478:Vacuum aspiration 15393: 15392: 14224:Library resources 14169:978-92-4-154843-4 14145:on 13 April 2005. 14000:978-0-9896655-0-6 13978:978-0-89608-491-9 13907:978-0-8236-6245-6 13331:978-0-470-95852-0 13014:Smith GD (1998). 12911:on 3 October 2011 12741:on 1 January 2003 12400:(12): 1833–1845. 12300:978-0-19-514193-1 12140:978-1-61785-264-0 12042:978-0-313-31072-0 12011:978-1-85728-745-5 11984:978-0-674-74578-0 11947:978-0-8078-4675-9 11879:978-3-11-081312-8 11840:978-1-57607-181-6 11815:Forensic Medicine 11725:978-0-7425-6171-7 11706:Poole WS (2009). 11578:978-1-4443-1293-5 11546:978-0-19-502616-0 11268:978-0-520-38741-6 10996:978-0-8153-1287-1 10829:978-0-87840-849-8 10766:978-0-8018-4320-4 10739:978-0-19-518820-2 10728:Miles SH (2005). 10497:978-0-88125-701-4 10484:Rosner F (2001). 10406:978-81-7629-896-4 10378:Himes NE (1963). 10364:978-0-85274-119-1 10351:Mould RF (1996). 10130:978-1-4377-1935-2 10038:978-0-89608-387-5 9961:978-0-19-760902-6 9950:Vaughn L (2023). 9666:Cohen SA (2008). 9339:(12): 1149–1158. 9108:978-1-59454-477-4 9066:(12): 1833–1845. 8890:(12): 1238–1242. 8773:978-92-4-150111-8 8743:978-1-60831-610-6 8611:(12): 1149–1158. 8459:978-0-689-11213-3 8448:Keller A (1981). 8419:978-0-398-00109-4 8394:978-0-520-20952-7 8352:Gordon L (2002). 8331:on 2 January 2011 6913:978-0-309-46818-3 6507:(26): 2873–2874. 6477:978-0-674-27024-4 6166:(23): 2198–2204. 6098:978-1-4051-7696-5 6053:978-92-4-154587-7 5937:978-1-4051-7696-5 5840:on 3 October 2011 5756:978-0-7817-6937-2 5461:978-1-4051-7696-5 5433:978-1-4051-7696-5 5371:978-0-443-05357-3 5334:on 29 August 2004 5305:978-0-07-179893-8 5276:978-0-7817-3262-8 5247:978-0-323-02951-3 5120:978-0-443-06930-7 5055:978-0-19-955714-1 5026:978-0-443-06930-7 4991:978-0-443-10412-1 4857:978-0-07-147257-9 4745:978-0-7817-3262-8 4601:978-92-4-159612-1 4562:978-1-135-11522-7 4459:978-0-7295-7873-8 4414:978-0-7637-6063-2 4161:(9816): 625–632. 4046:978-1-4443-1293-5 3926:10.1136/bmj.f7553 3162:"Abortion (noun)" 3078:978-1-4511-4801-5 2959:Rickie Solinger, 2954:The Captured Womb 2766:Indirect abortion 2648:safe access zones 2559:gender inequality 2495:The organization 2465:fetal development 2416: 2415: 2273:gestational limit 1994:Apostolicae Sedis 1982:Apostolicae Sedis 1895:Scribonius Largus 1860:religious freedom 1629:radiation therapy 1608: 1607: 1527:(such as China's 1080:Vacuum aspiration 911:caesarean section 731:vacuum aspiration 497:hormonal problems 435:week of gestation 252:second trimesters 186:domestic violence 147: 146: 16:(Redirected from 20002: 19975: 19967: 19966: 19965: 19958: 19950: 19949: 19948: 19941: 19933: 19932: 19931: 19924: 19916: 19915: 19914: 19907: 19899: 19898: 19897: 19890: 19882: 19881: 19880: 19870: 19854: 19853: 19842: 19841: 19840: 19833: 19815: 19814: 19803: 19802: 19772:Green Revolution 19553:Two-child policy 19548:One-child policy 19471: 19431:Population model 19387:World population 19336: 19329: 19322: 19313: 19312: 19227: 19226: 19073:Progestogen-only 19029: 19028: 18902: 18895: 18888: 18879: 18878: 18837:Two-child policy 18832:One-child policy 18712:Gender dysphoria 18249: 18242: 18235: 18226: 18225: 18111:Right to housing 18045:Economic, social 17992:Right to protest 17987:Right to privacy 17826: 17819: 17812: 17803: 17802: 17664: 17663: 17630:Cardiotocography 17336: 17335: 17242:Vaginal delivery 17115:Nesting instinct 17090: 17089: 17075:Rudimentary horn 17004:Prenatal testing 16869: 16862: 16855: 16846: 16845: 16830: 16829: 16818: 16817: 16806: 16805: 16659: 16658: 16444: 16443: 16364: 16363: 16358:Non-reproductive 16207: 16206: 16124:Feminine hygiene 15891:Cesarian section 15886:Obstructed labor 15767: 15766: 15682: 15681: 15663: 15653: 15646: 15639: 15630: 15629: 15616: 15615: 15513:Medical abortion 15447:Informed consent 15437:Fetal protection 15289:Papua New Guinea 15279:Marshall Islands 14596: 14595: 14518:One-child policy 14323: 14316: 14309: 14300: 14299: 14257: 14256: 14212: 14210: 14208: 14188: 14186: 14184: 14178: 14161: 14146: 14141:. Archived from 14118: 14116: 14114: 14088: 14059: 14049: 14016: 14004: 13982: 13963: 13953: 13920: 13915:Doan AE (2007). 13911: 13887: 13879: 13877:"Abortion" 13855: 13854: 13822: 13816: 13815: 13771: 13765: 13764: 13762: 13760: 13754: 13739: 13726: 13720: 13719: 13718:on 18 July 2011. 13717: 13711:. Archived from 13681:Animal Behaviour 13678: 13669: 13663: 13662: 13643:10.1038/303059a0 13618: 13612: 13611: 13587: 13581: 13580: 13544: 13538: 13537: 13535: 13533: 13517: 13511: 13510: 13508: 13506: 13490: 13484: 13483: 13481: 13479: 13464: 13458: 13457: 13455: 13453: 13438: 13432: 13431: 13429: 13427: 13418:. Archived from 13379: 13373: 13372: 13370: 13368: 13362: 13356:. Archived from 13351: 13342: 13336: 13335: 13317: 13308: 13307: 13297: 13273: 13267: 13266: 13264: 13262: 13256: 13245: 13236: 13230: 13229: 13214: 13208: 13207: 13191: 13185: 13179: 13170: 13169: 13126: 13120: 13119: 13103: 13097: 13096: 13094: 13092: 13086: 13079: 13071: 13065: 13064: 13062: 13060: 13054: 13047: 13038: 13032: 13031: 13029: 13027: 13011: 13005: 13004: 12976: 12970: 12969: 12959: 12927: 12921: 12920: 12918: 12916: 12910: 12903: 12895: 12889: 12888: 12886: 12884: 12878: 12871: 12863: 12852: 12851: 12821: 12813: 12807: 12806: 12804: 12802: 12791:www.china.org.cn 12783: 12777: 12776: 12774: 12772: 12757: 12751: 12750: 12748: 12746: 12740: 12735:. Archived from 12696: 12690: 12689: 12687: 12685: 12669: 12663: 12649: 12643: 12642: 12614: 12608: 12607: 12571: 12565: 12564: 12554: 12530: 12524: 12523: 12521: 12519: 12503: 12497: 12496: 12494: 12492: 12486: 12455: 12437: 12428: 12422: 12421: 12389: 12383: 12382: 12380: 12378: 12363: 12357: 12356: 12345: 12339: 12338: 12332: 12330: 12325:on 17 April 2008 12315: 12309: 12308: 12284: 12278: 12277: 12275: 12273: 12258: 12252: 12251: 12249: 12247: 12219: 12213: 12212: 12210: 12208: 12203:on 16 March 2012 12202: 12195: 12186: 12180: 12177: 12171: 12170: 12168: 12166: 12151: 12145: 12144: 12126: 12120: 12119: 12113: 12111: 12089: 12083: 12082: 12080: 12078: 12067: 12061: 12058: 12023: 11996: 11963: 11928: 11922: 11921: 11919: 11917: 11902: 11896: 11895: 11893: 11891: 11863: 11857: 11856: 11854: 11852: 11824: 11818: 11811: 11805: 11798: 11792: 11791: 11779: 11773: 11771: 11743: 11737: 11736: 11734: 11732: 11713: 11703: 11697: 11696: 11694: 11692: 11672: 11663: 11662: 11660: 11658: 11638: 11629: 11628: 11626: 11624: 11604: 11598: 11597: 11595: 11566: 11557: 11551: 11550: 11529:Mohr JC (1978). 11526: 11520: 11519: 11517: 11515: 11495: 11489: 11488: 11486: 11484: 11464: 11458: 11457: 11455: 11453: 11437: 11431: 11430: 11413:(5): 1011–1029. 11407:Duke Law Journal 11402: 11391: 11390: 11358: 11352: 11351: 11319: 11308: 11307: 11301: 11299: 11290:. Archived from 11279: 11273: 11272: 11254: 11248: 11247: 11245: 11243: 11207: 11201: 11200: 11198: 11196: 11181: 11175: 11174: 11172: 11170: 11154: 11148: 11147: 11145: 11143: 11123: 11117: 11116: 11114: 11112: 11093: 11087: 11086: 11084: 11082: 11063: 11057: 11056: 11054: 11052: 11032: 11026: 11025: 11023: 11021: 11005: 10999: 10984: 10978: 10971: 10965: 10958: 10952: 10951: 10949: 10947: 10941: 10930: 10922: 10916: 10915: 10907: 10898: 10897: 10895: 10893: 10875: 10869: 10868: 10840: 10834: 10833: 10815: 10809: 10808: 10806: 10804: 10789: 10783: 10782: 10780: 10778: 10753:Soranus (1991). 10750: 10744: 10743: 10725: 10719: 10718: 10716: 10709: 10700: 10694: 10693: 10691: 10689: 10674: 10668: 10667: 10665: 10663: 10643: 10628: 10627: 10625: 10623: 10607: 10601: 10600: 10598: 10596: 10590: 10583: 10575: 10569: 10568: 10566: 10564: 10544: 10538: 10537: 10535: 10533: 10513: 10511: 10509: 10481: 10475: 10474: 10464: 10432: 10426: 10425: 10420: 10418: 10393:Misra P (2006). 10390: 10384: 10383: 10375: 10369: 10368: 10348: 10342: 10336: 10330: 10329: 10319: 10279: 10273: 10272: 10252: 10246: 10245: 10217: 10211: 10210: 10182: 10176: 10175: 10165: 10141: 10132: 10118: 10112: 10111: 10105: 10103: 10068: 10059: 10058: 10052: 10050: 10017: 10011: 10010: 9980: 9972: 9966: 9965: 9947: 9941: 9940: 9938: 9936: 9917: 9900: 9899: 9866: 9864: 9862: 9842: 9836: 9835: 9833: 9831: 9822:. Archived from 9815: 9809: 9808: 9802: 9794: 9764: 9756: 9750: 9749: 9721: 9715: 9714: 9712: 9710: 9699:Associated Press 9690: 9684: 9683: 9663: 9657: 9656: 9646: 9606: 9600: 9599: 9589: 9549: 9543: 9542: 9540: 9501: 9492: 9483: 9482: 9480: 9478: 9472: 9461: 9450: 9444: 9443: 9407: 9401: 9400: 9398: 9396: 9390: 9383: 9375: 9369: 9368: 9328: 9322: 9321: 9319: 9317: 9297: 9288: 9287: 9261: 9241: 9235: 9234: 9232: 9230: 9224: 9217: 9209: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9198: 9189:. Archived from 9182: 9176: 9175: 9173: 9171: 9165: 9158: 9150: 9144: 9143: 9123: 9117: 9116: 9090: 9084: 9083: 9055: 9049: 9048: 9046: 9044: 9039:on 24 March 2012 9038: 9031: 9023: 9017: 9016: 8988: 8982: 8981: 8953: 8947: 8946: 8910: 8904: 8903: 8875: 8869: 8868: 8832: 8826: 8825: 8815: 8794:Berer M (2000). 8791: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8765: 8754: 8748: 8747: 8729: 8723: 8722: 8720: 8718: 8692: 8682: 8650: 8644: 8643: 8642:on 16 July 2011. 8641: 8635:. Archived from 8602: 8593: 8582: 8581: 8571: 8547: 8541: 8540: 8538: 8532:. Archived from 8507: 8498: 8492: 8491: 8470: 8464: 8463: 8445: 8439: 8438: 8405: 8399: 8398: 8374: 8368: 8367: 8349: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8336: 8319: 8314: 8312: 8306: 8299: 8289: 8284: 8282: 8265: 8263: 8261: 8244: 8242: 8240: 8221: 8215: 8214: 8200: 8190: 8166: 8160: 8159: 8149: 8117: 8108: 8107: 8093: 8069: 8063: 8062: 8034: 8028: 8027: 7999: 7993: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7969: 7963: 7962: 7952: 7928: 7922: 7921: 7919: 7912: 7904: 7898: 7897: 7895: 7893: 7878: 7869: 7868: 7832: 7819: 7818: 7816: 7814: 7780: 7772: 7766: 7765: 7759: 7757: 7751: 7720: 7711: 7705: 7704: 7683: 7659: 7653: 7652: 7646: 7644: 7624: 7618: 7617: 7578: 7572: 7571: 7569: 7567: 7549: 7523: 7514: 7508: 7507: 7497: 7473: 7467: 7466: 7446: 7440: 7439: 7411: 7405: 7404: 7376: 7370: 7369: 7341: 7335: 7334: 7333:on 5 April 2005. 7332: 7327:. Archived from 7296: 7290: 7289: 7287: 7285: 7265: 7259: 7258: 7256: 7254: 7234: 7228: 7227: 7199: 7193: 7192: 7156: 7150: 7149: 7130:10.7326/M18-1666 7113: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7096: 7089: 7081: 7075: 7074: 7064: 7032: 7026: 7025: 7017: 7011: 7010: 7004: 7002: 6984: 6944: 6938: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6888: 6882: 6881: 6871: 6839: 6833: 6832: 6786: 6780: 6779: 6769: 6759: 6735: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6718: 6711: 6703: 6697: 6696: 6668: 6662: 6661: 6651: 6624: 6611: 6610: 6582: 6576: 6575: 6539: 6533: 6532: 6496: 6490: 6489: 6469: 6456: 6447: 6446: 6440: 6438: 6432: 6425: 6415: 6409: 6408: 6402: 6400: 6382: 6358: 6347: 6346: 6344: 6342: 6320: 6312: 6306: 6305: 6303: 6301: 6275: 6251: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6214: 6190: 6184: 6183: 6155: 6146: 6145: 6109: 6103: 6102: 6084: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6073: 6035: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6024: 6004: 5998: 5997: 5987: 5955: 5942: 5941: 5923: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5903: 5896: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5868: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5845: 5830: 5824: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5813: 5806: 5797: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5767: 5761: 5760: 5742: 5736: 5711: 5701: 5669: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5652: 5649: 5644:. Archived from 5633: 5622: 5613: 5612: 5602: 5570: 5564: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5539: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5477: 5466: 5465: 5447: 5438: 5437: 5419: 5410: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5390: 5384: 5383: 5353: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5319: 5310: 5309: 5287: 5281: 5280: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5233: 5227: 5226: 5216: 5206: 5182: 5176: 5175: 5165: 5155: 5131: 5125: 5124: 5099: 5093: 5092: 5090: 5088: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5005: 4999: 4998: 4978: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4938: 4929: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4876: 4868: 4862: 4861: 4843: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4809: 4803: 4802: 4784: 4756: 4750: 4749: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4711:on 1 August 2010 4696: 4690: 4689: 4675: 4651: 4640: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4604:. Archived from 4588:Åhman E (2007). 4585: 4579: 4578: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4515: 4509: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4485: 4479: 4478: 4437: 4431: 4430: 4398: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4354: 4352: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4290: 4279: 4278: 4272: 4270: 4261:. 1 March 2018. 4249: 4243: 4242: 4228: 4204: 4198: 4197: 4191: 4152: 4143: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4034: 4025: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3984:. Archived from 3974: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3944: 3938: 3937: 3909: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3874: 3868: 3867: 3839: 3828: 3827: 3817: 3785: 3772: 3771: 3761: 3751: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3697: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3656: 3639:(1): e105–e113. 3624: 3618: 3617: 3607: 3589: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3535: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3470: 3459: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3412: 3404: 3387: 3386: 3347: 3338: 3337: 3336:on 4 April 2012. 3322: 3305: 3304: 3290: 3280: 3254: 3245: 3244: 3204: 3183: 3182: 3175: 3173: 3158: 3149: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3130: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3093: 3087: 3086: 3063: 3057: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3018: 2996: 2980: 2940: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2918: 2908: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2862: 2841:Will GF (1990). 2837: 2819: 2813: 2801: 2795: 2782: 2735:animal husbandry 2531:one-child policy 2478:one-child policy 2426:legal principles 2404: 2394: 2384: 2374: 2364: 2354: 2344: 2332:fetal impairment 2316: 2301: 2291: 2281: 2268: 2258: 2257: 2011:Episcopal Church 1986:Pope Gregory XIV 1971: 1969: 1915:(350 BCE), 1883:Hippocratic Oath 1827: 1824: 1816: 1813: 1805: 1802: 1769:herbal medicines 1603: 1600: 1594: 1582: 1581: 1574: 1529:one-child policy 1391:of abortions by 1382: 1373: 1238: 1235: 1096:pelvic infection 1045:unsafe abortions 922:local anesthesia 759:Nordic countries 717:and 800 μg 662: 640:12–28 weeks 623:Induced Miscarr. 522:Medical abortion 485:vascular disease 463:Premature births 413:elective surgery 304:forceful massage 300:herbal medicines 284:unsafe abortions 213:developing world 205:Unsafe abortions 170:induced abortion 140:edit on Wikidata 132: 118: 104: 39: 38: 21: 20010: 20009: 20005: 20004: 20003: 20001: 20000: 19999: 19980: 19979: 19978: 19968: 19963: 19961: 19957:from Wikisource 19951: 19946: 19944: 19934: 19929: 19927: 19917: 19912: 19910: 19900: 19895: 19893: 19889:from Wiktionary 19883: 19878: 19876: 19873: 19869:sister projects 19866:at Knowledge's 19860: 19848: 19838: 19836: 19828: 19826: 19821: 19791: 19755: 19689: 19687: 19680: 19632: 19611: 19560:Overconsumption 19543:Family planning 19500: 19494: 19467: 19451: 19448: 19440: 19402: 19399: 19391: 19345: 19340: 19310: 19305: 19285: 19266: 19260: 19231: 19218: 19195: 19163: 19155: 19136:Internal condom 19131:External condom 19123:Barrier Methods 19113: 19095: 19067: 19034: 19018: 18993: 18955: 18948: 18912: 18906: 18876: 18871: 18820: 18789: 18762:United Kingdom 18716: 18668: 18659:Sexual medicine 18620: 18596:Gender identity 18584: 18530:Maternal health 18516: 18476: 18472:fertility fraud 18433: 18426: 18383: 18334: 18308: 18258: 18253: 18223: 18218: 18189:Family planning 18174: 18165: 18141:Right of return 18101:Right to health 18049: 18046: 18038: 18002:Right to resist 17952:Right of asylum 17843: 17836: 17830: 17800: 17795: 17775: 17744: 17708: 17679:Postpartum care 17649: 17613: 17516:Liver diseases 17510:Thyroid disease 17408: 17394:Gestational age 17365: 17323: 17289:Labor induction 17194: 17185:Perinatal nurse 17158:Birth attendant 17119: 17079: 17013: 17009:Medical imaging 16970: 16939:fertility fraud 16915: 16882: 16873: 16843: 16838: 16794: 16779:Family planning 16757: 16751: 16718: 16695: 16654: 16648: 16620:Gender equality 16603: 16597: 16543: 16494: 16476:Cervical cancer 16438: 16431: 16369: 16359: 16349: 16340:Sex differences 16298:Forced marriage 16247: 16212: 16202: 16192: 16134:Menstrual cycle 16105: 16058:Family planning 16056: 16047: 16000: 15989: 15948:Maternal deaths 15939: 15930:Postpartum care 15876:Multiple births 15852: 15761: 15754: 15687: 15678: 15675: 15667: 15657: 15627: 15622: 15604: 15554: 15550:Unsafe abortion 15466: 15462:Spousal consent 15422:Laws by country 15389: 15318: 15299:Solomon Islands 15247: 15166: 15092:North Macedonia 14933: 14884:Northern Cyprus 14757: 14587: 14578:Unsafe abortion 14463:Forced abortion 14396: 14375: 14359:Abortion debate 14332: 14327: 14278: 14277: 14276: 14258: 14254: 14249: 14248: 14247: 14232: 14231: 14227: 14220: 14215: 14206: 14204: 14182: 14180: 14176: 14170: 14159: 14139: 14112: 14110: 14001: 13979: 13908: 13870: 13863: 13858: 13831:Human Evolution 13823: 13819: 13772: 13768: 13758: 13756: 13752: 13742:Folia Zoologica 13737: 13733:Equus burchelli 13727: 13723: 13715: 13676: 13670: 13666: 13629:(5912): 59–61. 13619: 13615: 13604: 13588: 13584: 13545: 13541: 13531: 13529: 13518: 13514: 13504: 13502: 13491: 13487: 13477: 13475: 13466: 13465: 13461: 13451: 13449: 13440: 13439: 13435: 13425: 13423: 13380: 13376: 13366: 13364: 13360: 13349: 13343: 13339: 13332: 13318: 13311: 13274: 13270: 13260: 13258: 13257:on 28 July 2015 13254: 13243: 13237: 13233: 13216: 13215: 13211: 13198:. p. 114. 13192: 13188: 13180: 13173: 13127: 13123: 13104: 13100: 13090: 13088: 13084: 13077: 13073: 13072: 13068: 13058: 13056: 13052: 13045: 13039: 13035: 13025: 13023: 13012: 13008: 12977: 12973: 12928: 12924: 12914: 12912: 12908: 12901: 12897: 12896: 12892: 12882: 12880: 12876: 12869: 12865: 12864: 12855: 12836:10.2307/2991929 12814: 12810: 12800: 12798: 12785: 12784: 12780: 12770: 12768: 12759: 12758: 12754: 12744: 12742: 12697: 12693: 12683: 12681: 12670: 12666: 12660:Wayback Machine 12650: 12646: 12615: 12611: 12582:(3–4): 423–37. 12572: 12568: 12545:(19): 180–183. 12531: 12527: 12517: 12515: 12504: 12500: 12490: 12488: 12484: 12462:10.2307/2135775 12453:10.1.1.360.6115 12435: 12429: 12425: 12390: 12386: 12376: 12374: 12365: 12364: 12360: 12347: 12346: 12342: 12328: 12326: 12317: 12316: 12312: 12301: 12285: 12281: 12271: 12269: 12260: 12259: 12255: 12245: 12243: 12220: 12216: 12206: 12204: 12200: 12193: 12187: 12183: 12178: 12174: 12164: 12162: 12153: 12152: 12148: 12141: 12131:Abortion Debate 12127: 12123: 12109: 12107: 12090: 12086: 12076: 12074: 12068: 12064: 12043: 12012: 11985: 11948: 11929: 11925: 11915: 11913: 11904: 11903: 11899: 11889: 11887: 11880: 11864: 11860: 11850: 11848: 11841: 11825: 11821: 11813:Keith Simpson, 11812: 11808: 11799: 11795: 11780: 11776: 11744: 11740: 11730: 11728: 11726: 11704: 11700: 11690: 11688: 11673: 11666: 11656: 11654: 11647:FiveThirtyEight 11639: 11632: 11622: 11620: 11605: 11601: 11593: 11579: 11564: 11558: 11554: 11547: 11527: 11523: 11513: 11511: 11496: 11492: 11482: 11480: 11465: 11461: 11451: 11449: 11438: 11434: 11403: 11394: 11359: 11355: 11320: 11311: 11297: 11295: 11294:on 26 July 2022 11280: 11276: 11269: 11255: 11251: 11241: 11239: 11224: 11208: 11204: 11194: 11192: 11183: 11182: 11178: 11168: 11166: 11155: 11151: 11141: 11139: 11124: 11120: 11110: 11108: 11095: 11094: 11090: 11080: 11078: 11065: 11064: 11060: 11050: 11048: 11033: 11029: 11019: 11017: 11006: 11002: 10985: 10981: 10972: 10968: 10959: 10955: 10945: 10943: 10939: 10928: 10924: 10923: 10919: 10908: 10901: 10891: 10889: 10876: 10872: 10841: 10837: 10830: 10816: 10812: 10802: 10800: 10791: 10790: 10786: 10776: 10774: 10767: 10751: 10747: 10740: 10726: 10722: 10714: 10707: 10701: 10697: 10687: 10685: 10676: 10675: 10671: 10661: 10659: 10644: 10631: 10621: 10619: 10608: 10604: 10594: 10592: 10588: 10581: 10577: 10576: 10572: 10562: 10560: 10545: 10541: 10531: 10529: 10507: 10505: 10498: 10482: 10478: 10433: 10429: 10416: 10414: 10407: 10391: 10387: 10376: 10372: 10365: 10349: 10345: 10337: 10333: 10280: 10276: 10253: 10249: 10218: 10214: 10183: 10179: 10142: 10135: 10119: 10115: 10101: 10099: 10069: 10062: 10048: 10046: 10039: 10018: 10014: 9973: 9969: 9962: 9948: 9944: 9934: 9932: 9919: 9918: 9903: 9874:(1): CD006714. 9868: 9860: 9858: 9843: 9839: 9829: 9827: 9816: 9812: 9796: 9795: 9779:10.1363/3500603 9757: 9753: 9722: 9718: 9708: 9706: 9691: 9687: 9664: 9660: 9607: 9603: 9550: 9546: 9538: 9516:10.2307/3097748 9499: 9493: 9486: 9476: 9474: 9470: 9459: 9452: 9451: 9447: 9428:10.1363/4318811 9408: 9404: 9394: 9392: 9388: 9381: 9377: 9376: 9372: 9329: 9325: 9315: 9313: 9298: 9291: 9259:10.1.1.454.4197 9242: 9238: 9228: 9226: 9222: 9215: 9211: 9210: 9206: 9196: 9194: 9183: 9179: 9169: 9167: 9163: 9156: 9152: 9151: 9147: 9124: 9120: 9109: 9091: 9087: 9056: 9052: 9042: 9040: 9036: 9029: 9025: 9024: 9020: 8989: 8985: 8954: 8950: 8911: 8907: 8876: 8872: 8833: 8829: 8792: 8788: 8780: 8774: 8763: 8755: 8751: 8744: 8730: 8726: 8716: 8714: 8651: 8647: 8639: 8600: 8594: 8585: 8548: 8544: 8536: 8516:(11): 974–979. 8505: 8499: 8495: 8471: 8467: 8460: 8446: 8442: 8434: 8420: 8406: 8402: 8395: 8375: 8371: 8364: 8350: 8346: 8334: 8332: 8323: 8310: 8308: 8307:on 27 July 2013 8304: 8297: 8293: 8280: 8278: 8269: 8259: 8257: 8248: 8238: 8236: 8227: 8222: 8218: 8167: 8163: 8126:Medical History 8118: 8111: 8070: 8066: 8035: 8031: 8000: 7996: 7986: 7984: 7971: 7970: 7966: 7929: 7925: 7917: 7910: 7906: 7905: 7901: 7891: 7889: 7880: 7879: 7872: 7833: 7822: 7812: 7810: 7773: 7769: 7755: 7753: 7749: 7718: 7712: 7708: 7660: 7656: 7642: 7640: 7625: 7621: 7579: 7575: 7565: 7563: 7532:(7): CD011242. 7521: 7515: 7511: 7474: 7470: 7447: 7443: 7413: 7412: 7408: 7377: 7373: 7342: 7338: 7297: 7293: 7283: 7281: 7266: 7262: 7252: 7250: 7235: 7231: 7200: 7196: 7157: 7153: 7114: 7110: 7100: 7098: 7094: 7087: 7083: 7082: 7078: 7033: 7029: 7018: 7014: 7000: 6998: 6945: 6941: 6931: 6929: 6914: 6889: 6885: 6854:(18): 423–429. 6840: 6836: 6787: 6783: 6757:10.1.1.694.3531 6736: 6732: 6722: 6720: 6716: 6709: 6705: 6704: 6700: 6669: 6665: 6625: 6614: 6583: 6579: 6540: 6536: 6497: 6493: 6478: 6457: 6450: 6436: 6434: 6430: 6423: 6417: 6416: 6412: 6398: 6396: 6359: 6350: 6340: 6338: 6325:. GLOWM.10444. 6313: 6309: 6299: 6297: 6252: 6248: 6238: 6236: 6191: 6187: 6156: 6149: 6111: 6110: 6106: 6099: 6085: 6081: 6071: 6069: 6054: 6036: 6032: 6022: 6020: 6005: 6001: 5970:(3): CD013181. 5956: 5945: 5938: 5924: 5917: 5907: 5905: 5901: 5894: 5888: 5884: 5857: 5853: 5843: 5841: 5832: 5831: 5827: 5817: 5815: 5811: 5804: 5798: 5794: 5784: 5782: 5769: 5768: 5764: 5757: 5743: 5739: 5670: 5666: 5656: 5654: 5650: 5642: 5631: 5623: 5616: 5585:(1): CD005216. 5571: 5567: 5557: 5555: 5540: 5533: 5523: 5521: 5478: 5469: 5462: 5448: 5441: 5434: 5420: 5413: 5403: 5401: 5392: 5391: 5387: 5372: 5354: 5347: 5337: 5335: 5328:MedicineNet.com 5320: 5313: 5306: 5288: 5284: 5277: 5259: 5255: 5248: 5234: 5230: 5183: 5179: 5132: 5128: 5121: 5100: 5096: 5086: 5084: 5075: 5074: 5070: 5056: 5042: 5041: 5037: 5027: 5006: 5002: 4992: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4967: 4936: 4930: 4926: 4916: 4914: 4869: 4865: 4858: 4844: 4833: 4823: 4821: 4810: 4806: 4757: 4753: 4746: 4728: 4724: 4714: 4712: 4697: 4693: 4673:10.1363/3411008 4652: 4643: 4636:Wayback Machine 4625: 4621: 4611: 4609: 4608:on 7 April 2018 4602: 4586: 4582: 4563: 4547: 4543: 4533: 4531: 4516: 4512: 4502: 4500: 4486: 4482: 4460: 4438: 4434: 4415: 4399: 4395: 4385: 4383: 4368: 4364: 4350: 4348: 4343:. 28 May 2020. 4335: 4334: 4330: 4291: 4282: 4268: 4266: 4251: 4250: 4246: 4226:10.1363/3310607 4205: 4201: 4189: 4150: 4144: 4125: 4115: 4113: 4104: 4103: 4099: 4089: 4087: 4074: 4073: 4069: 4061: 4047: 4032: 4026: 4001: 3991: 3989: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3961: 3959: 3958:on 1 March 2018 3946: 3945: 3941: 3910: 3901: 3891: 3889: 3876: 3875: 3871: 3840: 3831: 3800:(5): CD002855. 3786: 3775: 3724: 3720: 3710: 3674: 3670: 3625: 3621: 3566: 3562: 3552: 3550: 3537: 3536: 3532: 3522: 3520: 3511: 3510: 3506: 3471: 3462: 3452: 3450: 3405: 3390: 3348: 3341: 3330:Issues in Brief 3324: 3323: 3308: 3255: 3248: 3225:10.2307/3038208 3205: 3186: 3171: 3169: 3160: 3159: 3152: 3142: 3140: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3110: 3108: 3107:on 2 April 2015 3095: 3094: 3090: 3079: 3065: 3064: 3060: 3050: 3048: 3030: 3026: 3016: 3014: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2983: 2941: 2937: 2927: 2916: 2901: 2877: 2875: 2859: 2828: 2820: 2816: 2802: 2798: 2783: 2779: 2774: 2756:Forced abortion 2747: 2673: 2667: 2629:Shelley Shannon 2597:Barnett Slepian 2573: 2567: 2512: 2506: 2490:medical tourism 2407:No information 2402: 2392: 2382: 2372: 2362: 2352: 2342: 2314: 2299: 2289: 2279: 2266: 2256: 2244: 2238: 2232: 2167: 2165:Abortion debate 2161: 2159:Abortion debate 2156: 2150: 2069:dating back to 1966: 1929:Catholic Church 1925:Catholic Church 1825: 1821:at Angkor Wat ( 1814: 1804: 1550 BCE 1803: 1735: 1727:Main articles: 1725: 1697:Sherri Finkbine 1675: 1613:cervical cancer 1604: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1583: 1579: 1572: 1549:maternal health 1545: 1543:Maternal health 1520: 1496: 1491: 1470:cystic fibrosis 1462:fetal anomalies 1399: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1393:gestational age 1385: 1384: 1383: 1375: 1374: 1363: 1300: 1261:maternal deaths 1236: 1226: 1224:Unsafe abortion 1220: 1218:Unsafe abortion 1189:Rickie Solinger 1155: 1126: 1120: 1088:abortion clinic 1077: 1068: 1060:plastic surgery 1049:developed world 1029: 1021:clothes hangers 959: 938: 886:sharp curettage 834: 829: 822: 815: 808: 801: 794: 685:antiprogestogen 670: 669: 668: 665:Gestational age 663: 655: 654: 653: 652: 651: 644: 643: 642: 635: 634: 633: 626: 625: 624: 619: 618: 617: 610: 609: 608: 601: 600: 599: 592: 591: 590: 583: 582: 581: 574: 573: 572: 565: 564: 563: 556: 555: 554: 549: 548: 547: 542: 541: 540: 531: 524: 518: 513: 443:premature birth 431: 425: 381:gestational age 370: 365: 332:oppose abortion 316:family planning 302:, sharp tools, 225:first trimester 209:maternal deaths 178:maternal health 143: 128: 114: 100: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 20008: 19998: 19997: 19992: 19977: 19976: 19974:from Wikibooks 19959: 19942: 19940:from Wikiquote 19925: 19908: 19891: 19862: 19859: 19858: 19846: 19823: 19822: 19820: 19819: 19809: 19796: 19793: 19792: 19790: 19789: 19787:Sustainability 19784: 19779: 19774: 19769: 19763: 19761: 19760:Related topics 19757: 19756: 19754: 19753: 19748: 19743: 19738: 19733: 19728: 19723: 19718: 19713: 19708: 19703: 19698: 19692: 19690: 19685: 19682: 19681: 19679: 19678: 19673: 19672: 19671: 19666: 19661: 19651: 19649:Largest cities 19646: 19640: 19638: 19634: 19633: 19631: 19630: 19625: 19619: 19617: 19613: 19612: 19610: 19609: 19604: 19599: 19598: 19597: 19592: 19587: 19582: 19577: 19567: 19562: 19557: 19556: 19555: 19550: 19545: 19540: 19530: 19529: 19528: 19518: 19510: 19504: 19502: 19496: 19495: 19493: 19492: 19487: 19482: 19477: 19472: 19469:I = P × A × T 19465: 19460: 19454: 19452: 19445: 19442: 19441: 19439: 19438: 19433: 19428: 19423: 19422: 19421: 19411: 19405: 19403: 19396: 19393: 19392: 19390: 19389: 19384: 19379: 19374: 19369: 19364: 19359: 19353: 19351: 19347: 19346: 19339: 19338: 19331: 19324: 19316: 19307: 19306: 19304: 19303: 19297: 19295: 19291: 19290: 19287: 19286: 19284: 19283: 19278: 19272: 19270: 19262: 19261: 19259: 19258: 19253: 19248: 19243: 19237: 19235: 19224: 19220: 19219: 19217: 19216: 19211: 19205: 19203: 19197: 19196: 19194: 19193: 19188: 19183: 19181:Levonorgestrel 19178: 19173: 19167: 19165: 19157: 19156: 19154: 19153: 19148: 19143: 19138: 19133: 19127: 19125: 19119: 19118: 19115: 19114: 19112: 19111: 19105: 19103: 19097: 19096: 19094: 19093: 19088: 19083: 19077: 19075: 19069: 19068: 19066: 19065: 19060: 19055: 19050: 19045: 19039: 19037: 19026: 19020: 19019: 19017: 19016: 19010: 19007:Tubal ligation 19003: 19001: 18995: 18994: 18992: 18991: 18977: 18971: 18961: 18959: 18950: 18949: 18947: 18946: 18941: 18936: 18931: 18926: 18920: 18918: 18917:Related topics 18914: 18913: 18905: 18904: 18897: 18890: 18882: 18873: 18872: 18870: 18869: 18864: 18863: 18862: 18857: 18852: 18847: 18839: 18834: 18828: 18826: 18822: 18821: 18819: 18818: 18813: 18808: 18803: 18797: 18795: 18791: 18790: 18788: 18787: 18786: 18785: 18780: 18778:teen pregnancy 18770: 18769: 18768: 18760: 18755: 18750: 18745: 18740: 18735: 18730: 18724: 18722: 18718: 18717: 18715: 18714: 18709: 18708: 18707: 18697: 18692: 18687: 18682: 18676: 18674: 18670: 18669: 18667: 18666: 18661: 18656: 18651: 18646: 18641: 18636: 18630: 18628: 18622: 18621: 18619: 18618: 18613: 18608: 18603: 18598: 18592: 18590: 18586: 18585: 18583: 18582: 18577: 18572: 18567: 18562: 18557: 18552: 18547: 18542: 18537: 18532: 18526: 18524: 18518: 18517: 18515: 18514: 18513: 18512: 18504: 18503: 18502: 18492: 18486: 18484: 18478: 18477: 18475: 18474: 18469: 18464: 18463: 18462: 18457: 18449: 18444: 18438: 18436: 18428: 18427: 18425: 18424: 18419: 18414: 18409: 18404: 18399: 18393: 18391: 18385: 18384: 18382: 18381: 18376: 18375: 18374: 18369: 18359: 18354: 18344: 18342: 18336: 18335: 18333: 18332: 18327: 18322: 18316: 18314: 18310: 18309: 18307: 18306: 18305: 18304: 18299: 18289: 18284: 18279: 18274: 18268: 18266: 18260: 18259: 18252: 18251: 18244: 18237: 18229: 18220: 18219: 18217: 18216: 18211: 18206: 18201: 18196: 18191: 18186: 18180: 18178: 18167: 18166: 18164: 18163: 18158: 18156:Right to water 18153: 18148: 18143: 18138: 18133: 18131:Right of reply 18128: 18123: 18118: 18113: 18108: 18103: 18098: 18093: 18088: 18083: 18078: 18073: 18068: 18063: 18058: 18056:Digital rights 18052: 18050: 18043: 18040: 18039: 18037: 18036: 18031: 18030: 18029: 18019: 18014: 18012:Right to truth 18009: 18004: 17999: 17994: 17989: 17984: 17979: 17974: 17969: 17964: 17959: 17954: 17949: 17944: 17939: 17934: 17929: 17924: 17919: 17914: 17909: 17904: 17899: 17894: 17889: 17884: 17879: 17874: 17869: 17864: 17859: 17853: 17851: 17845: 17844: 17841: 17838: 17837: 17829: 17828: 17821: 17814: 17806: 17797: 17796: 17794: 17793: 17787: 17785: 17781: 17780: 17777: 17776: 17774: 17773: 17768: 17763: 17758: 17752: 17750: 17746: 17745: 17743: 17742: 17737: 17732: 17727: 17725:Health visitor 17722: 17716: 17714: 17710: 17709: 17707: 17706: 17701: 17696: 17691: 17686: 17681: 17676: 17670: 17668: 17661: 17655: 17654: 17651: 17650: 17648: 17647: 17642: 17640:Nonstress test 17637: 17632: 17627: 17621: 17619: 17615: 17614: 17612: 17611: 17610: 17609: 17608: 17607: 17602: 17597: 17592: 17587: 17582: 17574: 17573: 17572: 17567: 17562: 17556:Skin diseases 17554: 17553: 17552: 17547: 17542: 17537: 17529: 17528: 17527: 17522: 17514: 17513: 17512: 17507: 17499: 17498: 17497: 17492: 17487: 17482: 17472: 17467: 17462: 17454: 17449: 17444: 17443: 17442: 17437: 17432: 17424: 17418: 17416: 17410: 17409: 17407: 17406: 17401: 17396: 17391: 17386: 17381: 17375: 17373: 17367: 17366: 17364: 17363: 17358: 17353: 17348: 17346:Amniotic fluid 17342: 17340: 17333: 17329: 17328: 17325: 17324: 17322: 17321: 17316: 17311: 17306: 17301: 17296: 17294:Multiple birth 17291: 17286: 17281: 17276: 17271: 17266: 17265: 17264: 17259: 17254: 17244: 17239: 17234: 17229: 17228: 17227: 17222: 17217: 17202: 17200: 17196: 17195: 17193: 17192: 17187: 17182: 17177: 17176: 17175: 17165: 17160: 17155: 17150: 17145: 17144: 17143: 17133: 17127: 17125: 17121: 17120: 17118: 17117: 17112: 17107: 17102: 17100:Bradley method 17096: 17094: 17087: 17081: 17080: 17078: 17077: 17072: 17067: 17062: 17057: 17052: 17047: 17042: 17037: 17032: 17027: 17021: 17019: 17015: 17014: 17012: 17011: 17006: 17001: 17000: 16999: 16992:Pregnancy test 16989: 16984: 16978: 16976: 16972: 16971: 16969: 16968: 16963: 16958: 16957: 16956: 16951: 16946: 16941: 16936: 16925: 16923: 16917: 16916: 16914: 16913: 16908: 16903: 16898: 16892: 16890: 16884: 16883: 16872: 16871: 16864: 16857: 16849: 16840: 16839: 16837: 16836: 16824: 16812: 16799: 16796: 16795: 16793: 16788: 16783: 16782: 16781: 16771: 16766: 16761: 16759: 16756:Women's health 16753: 16752: 16750: 16749: 16744: 16739: 16734: 16729: 16723: 16720: 16719: 16717: 16716: 16711: 16705: 16703: 16697: 16696: 16694: 16693: 16688: 16683: 16678: 16673: 16667: 16665: 16663:United Nations 16656: 16655:& advocacy 16650: 16649: 16647: 16642: 16637: 16632: 16627: 16622: 16617: 16612: 16607: 16605: 16602:Sociocultural 16599: 16598: 16596: 16595: 16594: 16593: 16588: 16583: 16573: 16572: 16571: 16570: 16569: 16559: 16548: 16545: 16544: 16542: 16541: 16536: 16535: 16534: 16533: 16532: 16517: 16516: 16515: 16505: 16499: 16496: 16495: 16493: 16492: 16490:Ovarian cancer 16487: 16486: 16485: 16484: 16483: 16473: 16466:Uterine cancer 16463: 16458: 16452: 16450: 16441: 16433: 16432: 16430: 16429: 16424: 16419: 16418: 16417: 16410:Sexual assault 16407: 16402: 16397: 16392: 16391: 16390: 16380: 16374: 16372: 16361: 16355: 16354: 16351: 16350: 16348: 16347: 16342: 16337: 16332: 16327: 16322: 16317: 16312: 16311: 16310: 16300: 16295: 16290: 16288:Child marriage 16285: 16283:Breast ironing 16280: 16275: 16273:Breast binding 16270: 16269: 16268: 16263: 16261:Clitoridectomy 16252: 16249: 16248: 16246: 16245: 16240: 16239: 16238: 16228: 16223: 16217: 16215: 16204: 16198: 16197: 16194: 16193: 16191: 16190: 16189: 16188: 16178: 16173: 16168: 16163: 16162: 16161: 16156: 16151: 16146: 16139:Menstrual aids 16136: 16131: 16126: 16121: 16115: 16113: 16107: 16106: 16104: 16103: 16098: 16093: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16073: 16068: 16062: 16060: 16049: 16048: 16046: 16045: 16044: 16043: 16038: 16028: 16027: 16026: 16021: 16016: 16005: 16003: 15995: 15994: 15991: 15990: 15988: 15987: 15982: 15981: 15980: 15970: 15965: 15960: 15955: 15950: 15944: 15941: 15940: 15938: 15937: 15932: 15927: 15926: 15925: 15923:Husband stitch 15915: 15914: 15913: 15908: 15898: 15893: 15888: 15883: 15878: 15873: 15868: 15862: 15860: 15854: 15853: 15851: 15850: 15849: 15848: 15847: 15846: 15841: 15831: 15826: 15821: 15816: 15811: 15801: 15796: 15794:Antenatal care 15791: 15786: 15781: 15775: 15773: 15764: 15756: 15755: 15753: 15752: 15747: 15742: 15740:Fallopian tube 15737: 15732: 15727: 15722: 15721: 15720: 15715: 15710: 15709: 15708: 15692: 15690: 15686:Reproductive 15679: 15672: 15669: 15668: 15665:Women's health 15656: 15655: 15648: 15641: 15633: 15624: 15623: 15621: 15620: 15609: 15606: 15605: 15603: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15587: 15582: 15581: 15580: 15570: 15564: 15562: 15556: 15555: 15553: 15552: 15547: 15542: 15541: 15540: 15535: 15530: 15525: 15515: 15510: 15505: 15500: 15495: 15493:Intact D&X 15490: 15485: 15480: 15474: 15472: 15468: 15467: 15465: 15464: 15459: 15454: 15449: 15444: 15439: 15434: 15429: 15424: 15419: 15414: 15409: 15403: 15401: 15395: 15394: 15391: 15390: 15388: 15387: 15382: 15377: 15372: 15367: 15362: 15357: 15352: 15347: 15342: 15337: 15332: 15326: 15324: 15320: 15319: 15317: 15316: 15311: 15306: 15301: 15296: 15291: 15286: 15281: 15276: 15271: 15266: 15261: 15255: 15253: 15249: 15248: 15246: 15245: 15240: 15235: 15230: 15225: 15220: 15215: 15210: 15205: 15200: 15195: 15190: 15185: 15180: 15174: 15172: 15168: 15167: 15165: 15164: 15162:United Kingdom 15159: 15154: 15149: 15144: 15139: 15134: 15129: 15124: 15119: 15114: 15109: 15104: 15099: 15094: 15089: 15084: 15079: 15074: 15069: 15064: 15059: 15054: 15049: 15044: 15039: 15034: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15014: 15009: 15004: 14999: 14994: 14989: 14987:Czech Republic 14984: 14979: 14974: 14969: 14964: 14959: 14954: 14949: 14943: 14941: 14935: 14934: 14932: 14931: 14926: 14921: 14916: 14911: 14906: 14901: 14896: 14891: 14886: 14881: 14876: 14871: 14866: 14861: 14856: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14836: 14831: 14826: 14821: 14816: 14811: 14806: 14801: 14796: 14791: 14786: 14781: 14776: 14771: 14765: 14763: 14759: 14758: 14756: 14755: 14750: 14745: 14740: 14735: 14730: 14725: 14720: 14715: 14710: 14705: 14700: 14695: 14690: 14685: 14680: 14675: 14670: 14665: 14660: 14655: 14650: 14645: 14640: 14635: 14630: 14625: 14620: 14615: 14610: 14604: 14602: 14593: 14589: 14588: 14586: 14585: 14583:Women's rights 14580: 14575: 14573:Toxic abortion 14570: 14565: 14560: 14555: 14550: 14545: 14540: 14535: 14530: 14525: 14520: 14515: 14510: 14505: 14500: 14495: 14490: 14485: 14480: 14475: 14470: 14465: 14460: 14455: 14450: 14445: 14440: 14435: 14430: 14425: 14420: 14415: 14410: 14404: 14402: 14398: 14397: 14395: 14394: 14389: 14383: 14381: 14377: 14376: 14374: 14373: 14368: 14367: 14366: 14356: 14351: 14346: 14340: 14338: 14334: 14333: 14326: 14325: 14318: 14311: 14303: 14297: 14296: 14290: 14284: 14259: 14252: 14251: 14250: 14246: 14245: 14240: 14234: 14233: 14222: 14221: 14219: 14218:External links 14216: 14214: 14213: 14189: 14168: 14147: 14137: 14119: 14089: 14060: 14017: 14005: 13999: 13983: 13977: 13964: 13921: 13912: 13906: 13888: 13864: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13856: 13837:(4): 297–308. 13817: 13766: 13721: 13687:(4): 689–694. 13664: 13613: 13602: 13582: 13561:10.1086/283541 13555:(6): 932–938. 13539: 13512: 13485: 13459: 13433: 13374: 13337: 13330: 13309: 13268: 13231: 13209: 13186: 13171: 13144:(6): 611–627. 13121: 13098: 13066: 13033: 13006: 12987:(4): 263–273. 12971: 12942:(3): 319–336. 12922: 12890: 12853: 12808: 12778: 12752: 12711:(3): 585–618. 12691: 12664: 12644: 12631:10.1086/521179 12609: 12566: 12525: 12498: 12423: 12384: 12358: 12340: 12310: 12299: 12279: 12253: 12214: 12181: 12172: 12146: 12139: 12121: 12084: 12062: 12060: 12059: 12041: 12024: 12010: 11997: 11983: 11964: 11946: 11923: 11897: 11878: 11858: 11839: 11819: 11806: 11793: 11774: 11738: 11724: 11718:. p. 86. 11698: 11664: 11630: 11599: 11577: 11552: 11545: 11521: 11490: 11459: 11432: 11392: 11369:(2): 159–167. 11353: 11336:10.1086/410954 11309: 11305:controversial. 11274: 11267: 11249: 11222: 11202: 11176: 11149: 11118: 11088: 11058: 11027: 11000: 10979: 10966: 10953: 10917: 10899: 10870: 10835: 10828: 10810: 10784: 10765: 10745: 10738: 10720: 10695: 10669: 10629: 10614:. Al Jazeera. 10602: 10570: 10539: 10496: 10476: 10447:(6): 271–276. 10427: 10405: 10385: 10370: 10363: 10343: 10331: 10274: 10247: 10212: 10193:(2): 301–321. 10177: 10156:(4): 384–393. 10133: 10113: 10086:(3): 529–535. 10060: 10037: 10012: 9989:(3): 110–118. 9967: 9960: 9942: 9901: 9867:commentary on: 9837: 9810: 9751: 9716: 9685: 9658: 9601: 9564:(2): 170–176. 9544: 9510:(6): 294–303. 9484: 9473:on 15 May 2011 9445: 9422:(3): 188–198. 9402: 9370: 9323: 9289: 9236: 9204: 9177: 9145: 9118: 9107: 9085: 9050: 9018: 8983: 8948: 8921:(6): 517–521. 8905: 8870: 8843:(3): 355–359. 8827: 8806:(5): 580–592. 8786: 8772: 8749: 8742: 8724: 8645: 8583: 8562:(2): 122–126. 8542: 8493: 8465: 8458: 8440: 8418: 8400: 8393: 8369: 8362: 8344: 8342: 8341: 8320: 8290: 8266: 8245: 8216: 8161: 8132:(4): 423–444. 8109: 8064: 8029: 7994: 7964: 7943:(3): 180–186. 7923: 7899: 7870: 7820: 7767: 7729:(5): 572–591. 7706: 7674:(4): 729–737. 7654: 7619: 7589:(6): 413–418. 7573: 7509: 7488:(4): 295–309. 7468: 7441: 7406: 7387:(5): 422–438. 7371: 7352:(4): 888–892. 7336: 7311:(6): 559–562. 7291: 7280:on 17 May 2010 7260: 7229: 7210:(3): 197–199. 7194: 7151: 7124:(4): 238–247. 7108: 7076: 7027: 7012: 6939: 6912: 6904:10.17226/24950 6883: 6834: 6781: 6750:(8): 620–626. 6730: 6698: 6683:(9): 697–698. 6663: 6642:(4): 233–234. 6612: 6593:(3): 147–151. 6577: 6550:(3): 235–239. 6534: 6491: 6476: 6448: 6410: 6348: 6307: 6266:(6): 583–592. 6246: 6205:(6): 471–477. 6185: 6147: 6104: 6097: 6079: 6052: 6030: 5999: 5943: 5936: 5915: 5882: 5851: 5825: 5792: 5762: 5755: 5737: 5684:(3): 282–286. 5664: 5640: 5614: 5565: 5531: 5467: 5460: 5439: 5432: 5411: 5385: 5370: 5345: 5311: 5304: 5282: 5275: 5253: 5246: 5228: 5177: 5126: 5119: 5094: 5068: 5054: 5035: 5025: 5000: 4990: 4973: 4947:(3): 110–118. 4924: 4863: 4856: 4831: 4804: 4775:(4): 729–737. 4751: 4744: 4722: 4691: 4666:(3): 110–120. 4641: 4619: 4600: 4580: 4561: 4541: 4510: 4480: 4458: 4432: 4413: 4393: 4376:Foreign Policy 4362: 4328: 4280: 4244: 4219:(3): 106–116. 4199: 4123: 4097: 4067: 4045: 3999: 3969: 3952:Guttmacher.org 3939: 3899: 3869: 3850:(3): 350–363. 3829: 3773: 3718: 3668: 3619: 3560: 3530: 3504: 3481:(5): 476–479. 3460: 3388: 3361:(4): 751–766. 3339: 3306: 3271:(4): 233–241. 3246: 3184: 3168:on 28 May 2018 3150: 3118: 3088: 3077: 3058: 3032:Rao R (2016). 3024: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2978: 2971: 2964: 2957: 2950: 2945:James Donner, 2935: 2933: 2932: 2909: 2899: 2884: 2874:on 14 May 2011 2863: 2857: 2838: 2833:. Time. 1989. 2814: 2806:anti-immigrant 2796: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2769: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2751:Abortion doula 2746: 2743: 2712:dominant white 2700:poison hemlock 2666: 2663: 2613:Peter Knight's 2605:Garson Romalis 2569:Main article: 2566: 2563: 2554:United Nations 2508:Main article: 2505: 2502: 2497:Women on Waves 2414: 2413: 2409: 2408: 2405: 2399: 2398: 2395: 2389: 2388: 2385: 2379: 2378: 2375: 2369: 2368: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2345: 2339: 2338: 2317: 2311: 2310: 2306: 2305: 2302: 2296: 2295: 2292: 2286: 2285: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2269: 2263: 2262: 2250: 2234:Main article: 2231: 2228: 2203:women's rights 2163:Main article: 2160: 2157: 2149: 2146: 2090:Horatio Storer 1887:Ancient Greece 1773:abortifacients 1724: 1721: 1709:German measles 1680:, revealed by 1674: 1671: 1606: 1605: 1599:September 2022 1586: 1584: 1577: 1571: 1568: 1544: 1541: 1519: 1516: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1429:), >1% by " 1387: 1386: 1377: 1376: 1368: 1367: 1366: 1365: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1316:standard error 1311: 1310: 1307: 1299: 1296: 1232:Soviet poster 1222:Main article: 1219: 1216: 1202:Madame Restell 1154: 1151: 1122:Main article: 1119: 1116: 1076: 1073: 1067: 1064: 1043:(WHO) defines 1028: 1025: 958: 955: 942:inducing labor 937: 934: 838:Attached to a 820:Uterine lining 793: 790: 657: 656: 649:28–40 wks 647: 646: 645: 638: 637: 636: 629: 628: 627: 622: 621: 620: 613: 612: 611: 606:Intact D&X 604: 603: 602: 595: 594: 593: 586: 585: 584: 577: 576: 575: 568: 567: 566: 559: 558: 557: 552: 551: 550: 545: 544: 543: 538: 537: 536: 535: 534: 533: 532: 520:Main article: 517: 514: 512: 509: 427:Main article: 424: 421: 369: 366: 364: 361: 264:suction device 145: 144: 137: 134: 133: 126: 120: 119: 112: 106: 105: 98: 92: 91: 86: 80: 79: 74: 68: 67: 58: 52: 51: 48: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20007: 19996: 19993: 19991: 19988: 19987: 19985: 19973: 19972: 19960: 19956: 19955: 19943: 19939: 19938: 19926: 19923:from Wikinews 19922: 19921: 19909: 19905: 19904: 19892: 19888: 19887: 19875: 19874: 19871: 19865: 19857: 19852: 19847: 19845: 19835: 19834: 19831: 19818: 19810: 19808: 19807: 19798: 19797: 19794: 19788: 19785: 19783: 19780: 19778: 19775: 19773: 19770: 19768: 19767:Bennett's law 19765: 19764: 19762: 19758: 19752: 19749: 19747: 19744: 19742: 19739: 19737: 19734: 19732: 19729: 19727: 19724: 19722: 19719: 19717: 19714: 19712: 19709: 19707: 19704: 19702: 19699: 19697: 19694: 19693: 19691: 19688:organizations 19683: 19677: 19674: 19670: 19667: 19665: 19662: 19660: 19657: 19656: 19655: 19652: 19650: 19647: 19645: 19642: 19641: 19639: 19635: 19629: 19626: 19624: 19621: 19620: 19618: 19614: 19608: 19605: 19603: 19600: 19596: 19593: 19591: 19588: 19586: 19583: 19581: 19578: 19576: 19573: 19572: 19571: 19568: 19566: 19563: 19561: 19558: 19554: 19551: 19549: 19546: 19544: 19541: 19539: 19536: 19535: 19534: 19531: 19527: 19524: 19523: 19522: 19519: 19517: 19515: 19511: 19509: 19506: 19505: 19503: 19497: 19491: 19488: 19486: 19483: 19481: 19478: 19476: 19475:Kaya identity 19473: 19470: 19466: 19464: 19461: 19459: 19456: 19455: 19453: 19450: 19443: 19437: 19434: 19432: 19429: 19427: 19424: 19420: 19417: 19416: 19415: 19412: 19410: 19407: 19406: 19404: 19401: 19394: 19388: 19385: 19383: 19380: 19378: 19375: 19373: 19370: 19368: 19365: 19363: 19360: 19358: 19355: 19354: 19352: 19348: 19344: 19337: 19332: 19330: 19325: 19323: 19318: 19317: 19314: 19302: 19299: 19298: 19296: 19292: 19282: 19279: 19277: 19274: 19273: 19271: 19269: 19263: 19257: 19254: 19252: 19249: 19247: 19244: 19242: 19239: 19238: 19236: 19234: 19228: 19225: 19221: 19215: 19212: 19210: 19207: 19206: 19204: 19202: 19198: 19192: 19191:Yuzpe regimen 19189: 19187: 19184: 19182: 19179: 19177: 19174: 19172: 19169: 19168: 19166: 19162: 19158: 19152: 19149: 19147: 19144: 19142: 19139: 19137: 19134: 19132: 19129: 19128: 19126: 19124: 19120: 19110: 19107: 19106: 19104: 19102: 19098: 19092: 19089: 19087: 19084: 19082: 19079: 19078: 19076: 19074: 19070: 19064: 19061: 19059: 19056: 19054: 19051: 19049: 19046: 19044: 19041: 19040: 19038: 19036: 19030: 19027: 19025: 19021: 19014: 19011: 19008: 19005: 19004: 19002: 19000: 18999:Sterilization 18996: 18989: 18985: 18981: 18978: 18975: 18972: 18970: 18966: 18963: 18962: 18960: 18957: 18956:contraception 18951: 18945: 18942: 18940: 18937: 18935: 18932: 18930: 18927: 18925: 18922: 18921: 18919: 18915: 18910: 18909:Birth control 18903: 18898: 18896: 18891: 18889: 18884: 18883: 18880: 18868: 18865: 18861: 18858: 18856: 18855:child benefit 18853: 18851: 18848: 18846: 18843: 18842: 18840: 18838: 18835: 18833: 18830: 18829: 18827: 18823: 18817: 18814: 18812: 18809: 18807: 18804: 18802: 18799: 18798: 18796: 18792: 18784: 18783:birth control 18781: 18779: 18776: 18775: 18774: 18773:United States 18771: 18767: 18764: 18763: 18761: 18759: 18756: 18754: 18751: 18749: 18746: 18744: 18741: 18739: 18736: 18734: 18731: 18729: 18726: 18725: 18723: 18719: 18713: 18710: 18706: 18703: 18702: 18701: 18698: 18696: 18693: 18691: 18688: 18686: 18683: 18681: 18678: 18677: 18675: 18671: 18665: 18662: 18660: 18657: 18655: 18652: 18650: 18647: 18645: 18642: 18640: 18637: 18635: 18632: 18631: 18629: 18627: 18623: 18617: 18614: 18612: 18609: 18607: 18604: 18602: 18599: 18597: 18594: 18593: 18591: 18587: 18581: 18578: 18576: 18573: 18571: 18570:Prenatal care 18568: 18566: 18563: 18561: 18558: 18556: 18553: 18551: 18548: 18546: 18543: 18541: 18538: 18536: 18533: 18531: 18528: 18527: 18525: 18523: 18519: 18511: 18508: 18507: 18505: 18501: 18498: 18497: 18496: 18493: 18491: 18488: 18487: 18485: 18483: 18479: 18473: 18470: 18468: 18465: 18461: 18458: 18456: 18453: 18452: 18450: 18448: 18445: 18443: 18440: 18439: 18437: 18435: 18429: 18423: 18422:Sterilization 18420: 18418: 18415: 18413: 18410: 18408: 18405: 18403: 18400: 18398: 18395: 18394: 18392: 18390: 18389:Contraception 18386: 18380: 18377: 18373: 18370: 18368: 18365: 18364: 18363: 18360: 18358: 18357:Birth spacing 18355: 18353: 18352:childlessness 18349: 18348:Childfreeness 18346: 18345: 18343: 18341: 18337: 18331: 18328: 18326: 18323: 18321: 18320:Sex education 18318: 18317: 18315: 18311: 18303: 18300: 18298: 18295: 18294: 18293: 18290: 18288: 18285: 18283: 18280: 18278: 18275: 18273: 18270: 18269: 18267: 18265: 18261: 18257: 18250: 18245: 18243: 18238: 18236: 18231: 18230: 18227: 18215: 18212: 18210: 18207: 18205: 18202: 18200: 18197: 18195: 18192: 18190: 18187: 18185: 18182: 18181: 18179: 18177: 18172: 18168: 18162: 18161:Right to work 18159: 18157: 18154: 18152: 18149: 18147: 18144: 18142: 18139: 18137: 18134: 18132: 18129: 18127: 18124: 18122: 18119: 18117: 18114: 18112: 18109: 18107: 18104: 18102: 18099: 18097: 18096:Right to food 18094: 18092: 18089: 18087: 18084: 18082: 18079: 18077: 18074: 18072: 18069: 18067: 18064: 18062: 18059: 18057: 18054: 18053: 18051: 18048: 18041: 18035: 18032: 18028: 18025: 18024: 18023: 18020: 18018: 18015: 18013: 18010: 18008: 18005: 18003: 18000: 17998: 17995: 17993: 17990: 17988: 17985: 17983: 17980: 17978: 17977:Right to life 17975: 17973: 17970: 17968: 17965: 17963: 17960: 17958: 17955: 17953: 17950: 17948: 17945: 17943: 17940: 17938: 17935: 17933: 17930: 17928: 17925: 17923: 17920: 17918: 17915: 17913: 17910: 17908: 17905: 17903: 17900: 17898: 17895: 17893: 17890: 17888: 17885: 17883: 17880: 17878: 17875: 17873: 17870: 17868: 17865: 17863: 17860: 17858: 17855: 17854: 17852: 17850: 17846: 17839: 17835: 17827: 17822: 17820: 17815: 17813: 17808: 17807: 17804: 17792: 17789: 17788: 17786: 17782: 17772: 17769: 17767: 17764: 17762: 17759: 17757: 17754: 17753: 17751: 17747: 17741: 17738: 17736: 17735:Monthly nurse 17733: 17731: 17728: 17726: 17723: 17721: 17718: 17717: 17715: 17711: 17705: 17702: 17700: 17697: 17695: 17692: 17690: 17687: 17685: 17682: 17680: 17677: 17675: 17672: 17671: 17669: 17665: 17662: 17660: 17656: 17646: 17643: 17641: 17638: 17636: 17633: 17631: 17628: 17626: 17625:Amniocentesis 17623: 17622: 17620: 17616: 17606: 17603: 17601: 17598: 17596: 17593: 17591: 17588: 17586: 17585:Vaginal flora 17583: 17581: 17578: 17577: 17575: 17571: 17568: 17566: 17563: 17561: 17558: 17557: 17555: 17551: 17548: 17546: 17543: 17541: 17538: 17536: 17533: 17532: 17530: 17526: 17523: 17521: 17518: 17517: 17515: 17511: 17508: 17506: 17503: 17502: 17500: 17496: 17493: 17491: 17488: 17486: 17483: 17481: 17478: 17477: 17476: 17475:Substance use 17473: 17471: 17468: 17466: 17463: 17461: 17458: 17457: 17455: 17453: 17450: 17448: 17445: 17441: 17438: 17436: 17433: 17431: 17428: 17427: 17425: 17423: 17420: 17419: 17417: 17415: 17411: 17405: 17402: 17400: 17397: 17395: 17392: 17390: 17389:Fundal height 17387: 17385: 17382: 17380: 17377: 17376: 17374: 17372: 17368: 17362: 17359: 17357: 17354: 17352: 17349: 17347: 17344: 17343: 17341: 17337: 17334: 17330: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17312: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17267: 17263: 17260: 17258: 17255: 17253: 17250: 17249: 17248: 17245: 17243: 17240: 17238: 17235: 17233: 17230: 17226: 17223: 17221: 17218: 17216: 17213: 17212: 17211: 17207: 17204: 17203: 17201: 17197: 17191: 17188: 17186: 17183: 17181: 17178: 17174: 17171: 17170: 17169: 17166: 17164: 17161: 17159: 17156: 17154: 17151: 17149: 17146: 17142: 17141:Preterm birth 17139: 17138: 17137: 17134: 17132: 17129: 17128: 17126: 17122: 17116: 17113: 17111: 17108: 17106: 17105:Hypnobirthing 17103: 17101: 17098: 17097: 17095: 17091: 17088: 17086: 17082: 17076: 17073: 17071: 17068: 17066: 17063: 17061: 17058: 17056: 17053: 17051: 17048: 17046: 17043: 17041: 17038: 17036: 17033: 17031: 17028: 17026: 17023: 17022: 17020: 17016: 17010: 17007: 17005: 17002: 16998: 16995: 16994: 16993: 16990: 16988: 16985: 16983: 16982:3D ultrasound 16980: 16979: 16977: 16973: 16967: 16964: 16962: 16959: 16955: 16952: 16950: 16947: 16945: 16942: 16940: 16937: 16935: 16932: 16931: 16930: 16927: 16926: 16924: 16922: 16918: 16912: 16909: 16907: 16904: 16902: 16899: 16897: 16896:Birth control 16894: 16893: 16891: 16889: 16885: 16881: 16877: 16870: 16865: 16863: 16858: 16856: 16851: 16850: 16847: 16835: 16834: 16825: 16823: 16822: 16813: 16811: 16810: 16801: 16800: 16797: 16792: 16789: 16787: 16784: 16780: 16777: 16776: 16775: 16772: 16770: 16767: 16765: 16762: 16760: 16754: 16748: 16745: 16743: 16740: 16738: 16735: 16733: 16730: 16728: 16725: 16724: 16715: 16712: 16710: 16707: 16706: 16704: 16702: 16701:United States 16698: 16692: 16689: 16687: 16684: 16682: 16679: 16677: 16674: 16672: 16669: 16668: 16666: 16664: 16660: 16657: 16651: 16646: 16643: 16641: 16638: 16636: 16633: 16631: 16628: 16626: 16623: 16621: 16618: 16616: 16615:Disadvantaged 16613: 16611: 16608: 16606: 16600: 16592: 16589: 16587: 16584: 16582: 16579: 16578: 16577: 16576:Urinary tract 16574: 16568: 16565: 16564: 16563: 16560: 16558: 16555: 16554: 16553: 16552:Mental health 16550: 16549: 16540: 16537: 16531: 16528: 16527: 16526: 16523: 16522: 16521: 16518: 16514: 16511: 16510: 16509: 16506: 16504: 16501: 16500: 16491: 16488: 16482: 16479: 16478: 16477: 16474: 16472: 16469: 16468: 16467: 16464: 16462: 16461:Breast cancer 16459: 16457: 16454: 16453: 16451: 16449: 16445: 16442: 16440: 16434: 16428: 16425: 16423: 16420: 16416: 16413: 16412: 16411: 16408: 16406: 16403: 16401: 16398: 16396: 16393: 16389: 16386: 16385: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16376: 16375: 16373: 16371: 16370:against women 16365: 16362: 16356: 16346: 16345:Sex education 16343: 16341: 16338: 16336: 16333: 16331: 16328: 16326: 16323: 16321: 16318: 16316: 16313: 16309: 16306: 16305: 16304: 16301: 16299: 16296: 16294: 16291: 16289: 16286: 16284: 16281: 16279: 16278:Breast health 16276: 16274: 16271: 16267: 16264: 16262: 16259: 16258: 16257: 16254: 16253: 16250: 16244: 16241: 16237: 16234: 16233: 16232: 16229: 16227: 16224: 16222: 16219: 16218: 16216: 16214: 16208: 16205: 16199: 16187: 16184: 16183: 16182: 16179: 16177: 16174: 16172: 16169: 16167: 16164: 16160: 16157: 16155: 16152: 16150: 16149:Menstrual cup 16147: 16145: 16142: 16141: 16140: 16137: 16135: 16132: 16130: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16120: 16117: 16116: 16114: 16112: 16108: 16102: 16099: 16097: 16094: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16069: 16067: 16064: 16063: 16061: 16059: 16054: 16053:Contraception 16050: 16042: 16039: 16037: 16034: 16033: 16032: 16029: 16025: 16022: 16020: 16017: 16015: 16014:Childlessness 16012: 16011: 16010: 16007: 16006: 16004: 16002: 15999:Reproductive 15996: 15986: 15983: 15979: 15976: 15975: 15974: 15973:Sterilization 15971: 15969: 15966: 15964: 15961: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15949: 15946: 15945: 15942: 15936: 15933: 15931: 15928: 15924: 15921: 15920: 15919: 15916: 15912: 15909: 15907: 15904: 15903: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15871:Preterm birth 15869: 15867: 15864: 15863: 15861: 15859: 15855: 15845: 15842: 15840: 15837: 15836: 15835: 15832: 15830: 15827: 15825: 15822: 15820: 15817: 15815: 15812: 15810: 15807: 15806: 15805: 15802: 15800: 15797: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15787: 15785: 15782: 15780: 15777: 15776: 15774: 15772: 15768: 15765: 15763: 15757: 15751: 15748: 15746: 15743: 15741: 15738: 15736: 15733: 15731: 15728: 15726: 15723: 15719: 15716: 15714: 15711: 15707: 15706:Clitoral hood 15704: 15703: 15702: 15699: 15698: 15697: 15694: 15693: 15691: 15689: 15683: 15680: 15677: 15674:Reproductive 15670: 15666: 15662: 15654: 15649: 15647: 15642: 15640: 15635: 15634: 15631: 15619: 15611: 15610: 15607: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15579: 15576: 15575: 15574: 15571: 15569: 15566: 15565: 15563: 15561: 15557: 15551: 15548: 15546: 15543: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15520: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15506: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15496: 15494: 15491: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15481: 15479: 15476: 15475: 15473: 15469: 15463: 15460: 15458: 15455: 15453: 15450: 15448: 15445: 15443: 15442:Six-week bans 15440: 15438: 15435: 15433: 15430: 15428: 15425: 15423: 15420: 15418: 15415: 15413: 15410: 15408: 15405: 15404: 15402: 15400: 15396: 15386: 15383: 15381: 15378: 15376: 15373: 15371: 15368: 15366: 15363: 15361: 15358: 15356: 15353: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15343: 15341: 15338: 15336: 15333: 15331: 15328: 15327: 15325: 15323:South America 15321: 15315: 15312: 15310: 15307: 15305: 15302: 15300: 15297: 15295: 15292: 15290: 15287: 15285: 15282: 15280: 15277: 15275: 15272: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15256: 15254: 15250: 15244: 15243:United States 15241: 15239: 15236: 15234: 15231: 15229: 15226: 15224: 15221: 15219: 15216: 15214: 15211: 15209: 15206: 15204: 15201: 15199: 15196: 15194: 15191: 15189: 15186: 15184: 15181: 15179: 15176: 15175: 15173: 15171:North America 15169: 15163: 15160: 15158: 15155: 15153: 15150: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15138: 15135: 15133: 15130: 15128: 15125: 15123: 15120: 15118: 15115: 15113: 15110: 15108: 15105: 15103: 15100: 15098: 15095: 15093: 15090: 15088: 15085: 15083: 15080: 15078: 15075: 15073: 15070: 15068: 15065: 15063: 15060: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15052:Liechtenstein 15050: 15048: 15045: 15043: 15040: 15038: 15035: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15020: 15018: 15015: 15013: 15010: 15008: 15005: 15003: 15000: 14998: 14995: 14993: 14990: 14988: 14985: 14983: 14980: 14978: 14975: 14973: 14970: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14960: 14958: 14955: 14953: 14950: 14948: 14945: 14944: 14942: 14940: 14936: 14930: 14927: 14925: 14922: 14920: 14917: 14915: 14912: 14910: 14907: 14905: 14902: 14900: 14897: 14895: 14892: 14890: 14887: 14885: 14882: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14855: 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14840: 14837: 14835: 14832: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14812: 14810: 14807: 14805: 14802: 14800: 14797: 14795: 14792: 14790: 14787: 14785: 14782: 14780: 14777: 14775: 14772: 14770: 14767: 14766: 14764: 14760: 14754: 14751: 14749: 14746: 14744: 14741: 14739: 14736: 14734: 14731: 14729: 14726: 14724: 14721: 14719: 14716: 14714: 14711: 14709: 14706: 14704: 14701: 14699: 14696: 14694: 14691: 14689: 14686: 14684: 14681: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14656: 14654: 14651: 14649: 14646: 14644: 14641: 14639: 14636: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14609: 14606: 14605: 14603: 14601: 14597: 14594: 14590: 14584: 14581: 14579: 14576: 14574: 14571: 14569: 14566: 14564: 14561: 14559: 14556: 14554: 14551: 14549: 14546: 14544: 14541: 14539: 14536: 14534: 14531: 14529: 14526: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14514: 14511: 14509: 14506: 14504: 14501: 14499: 14496: 14494: 14493:Malthusianism 14491: 14489: 14486: 14484: 14481: 14479: 14476: 14474: 14471: 14469: 14466: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14454: 14451: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14439: 14438:Birth control 14436: 14434: 14431: 14429: 14426: 14424: 14421: 14419: 14416: 14414: 14411: 14409: 14406: 14405: 14403: 14399: 14393: 14390: 14388: 14385: 14384: 14382: 14378: 14372: 14369: 14365: 14362: 14361: 14360: 14357: 14355: 14352: 14350: 14347: 14345: 14342: 14341: 14339: 14335: 14331: 14324: 14319: 14317: 14312: 14310: 14305: 14304: 14301: 14294: 14291: 14288: 14285: 14283: 14280: 14279: 14274: 14273: 14272: 14266: 14262: 14244: 14241: 14239: 14236: 14235: 14230: 14225: 14202: 14198: 14194: 14190: 14175: 14171: 14165: 14158: 14157: 14152: 14148: 14144: 14140: 14138:92-4-156290-0 14134: 14130: 14129: 14124: 14120: 14108: 14104: 14100: 14099: 14094: 14090: 14086: 14082: 14078: 14074: 14070: 14066: 14061: 14057: 14053: 14048: 14043: 14039: 14035: 14031: 14027: 14023: 14018: 14014: 14010: 14006: 14002: 13996: 13992: 13988: 13984: 13980: 13974: 13970: 13965: 13961: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13943: 13939: 13935: 13931: 13927: 13922: 13918: 13913: 13909: 13903: 13899: 13898: 13893: 13889: 13885: 13884: 13878: 13872: 13871: 13869: 13852: 13848: 13844: 13840: 13836: 13832: 13828: 13821: 13813: 13809: 13805: 13801: 13797: 13793: 13789: 13785: 13782:(3): 217–19. 13781: 13777: 13770: 13751: 13747: 13743: 13736: 13734: 13725: 13714: 13710: 13706: 13702: 13698: 13694: 13690: 13686: 13682: 13675: 13668: 13660: 13656: 13652: 13648: 13644: 13640: 13636: 13632: 13628: 13624: 13617: 13609: 13605: 13603:0-8121-1427-2 13599: 13595: 13594: 13586: 13578: 13574: 13570: 13566: 13562: 13558: 13554: 13550: 13543: 13527: 13523: 13516: 13500: 13496: 13489: 13473: 13469: 13463: 13447: 13443: 13437: 13421: 13417: 13413: 13409: 13405: 13401: 13397: 13393: 13389: 13385: 13378: 13359: 13355: 13348: 13341: 13333: 13327: 13323: 13316: 13314: 13305: 13301: 13296: 13291: 13287: 13283: 13279: 13272: 13253: 13249: 13242: 13235: 13227: 13223: 13219: 13213: 13205: 13201: 13197: 13190: 13183: 13178: 13176: 13167: 13163: 13159: 13155: 13151: 13147: 13143: 13139: 13135: 13131: 13125: 13117: 13113: 13109: 13102: 13083: 13076: 13070: 13051: 13044: 13037: 13021: 13017: 13010: 13002: 12998: 12994: 12990: 12986: 12982: 12975: 12967: 12963: 12958: 12953: 12949: 12945: 12941: 12937: 12933: 12926: 12907: 12900: 12894: 12875: 12868: 12862: 12860: 12858: 12849: 12845: 12841: 12837: 12833: 12829: 12825: 12820: 12812: 12796: 12792: 12788: 12782: 12766: 12762: 12756: 12739: 12734: 12730: 12726: 12722: 12718: 12714: 12710: 12706: 12702: 12695: 12679: 12675: 12668: 12661: 12657: 12654: 12648: 12640: 12636: 12632: 12628: 12625:(2): 309–27. 12624: 12620: 12613: 12605: 12601: 12597: 12593: 12589: 12585: 12581: 12577: 12570: 12562: 12558: 12553: 12548: 12544: 12540: 12536: 12529: 12513: 12509: 12502: 12483: 12479: 12475: 12471: 12467: 12463: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12445: 12441: 12434: 12427: 12420: 12415: 12411: 12407: 12403: 12399: 12395: 12388: 12372: 12368: 12362: 12354: 12350: 12344: 12337: 12324: 12320: 12314: 12306: 12302: 12296: 12292: 12291: 12283: 12267: 12263: 12257: 12241: 12237: 12233: 12229: 12225: 12218: 12199: 12192: 12185: 12179:Farrell, p. 8 12176: 12160: 12156: 12150: 12142: 12136: 12132: 12125: 12118: 12105: 12101: 12100: 12095: 12088: 12073: 12066: 12056: 12052: 12048: 12044: 12038: 12034: 12030: 12025: 12021: 12017: 12013: 12007: 12003: 11998: 11994: 11990: 11986: 11980: 11976: 11972: 11971: 11965: 11961: 11957: 11953: 11949: 11943: 11939: 11938: 11932: 11931: 11927: 11911: 11907: 11901: 11885: 11881: 11875: 11871: 11870: 11862: 11846: 11842: 11836: 11832: 11831: 11823: 11816: 11810: 11803: 11797: 11789: 11785: 11778: 11769: 11765: 11761: 11757: 11753: 11749: 11742: 11727: 11721: 11717: 11712: 11711: 11702: 11686: 11682: 11678: 11671: 11669: 11652: 11648: 11644: 11637: 11635: 11618: 11614: 11610: 11603: 11592: 11588: 11584: 11580: 11574: 11570: 11563: 11556: 11548: 11542: 11538: 11534: 11533: 11525: 11509: 11505: 11501: 11494: 11478: 11474: 11470: 11463: 11447: 11443: 11436: 11428: 11424: 11420: 11416: 11412: 11408: 11401: 11399: 11397: 11389: 11384: 11380: 11376: 11372: 11368: 11364: 11357: 11350: 11348: 11344: 11337: 11333: 11329: 11325: 11318: 11316: 11314: 11306: 11293: 11289: 11285: 11278: 11270: 11264: 11260: 11253: 11237: 11233: 11229: 11225: 11223:0-8078-2873-4 11219: 11215: 11214: 11206: 11190: 11186: 11180: 11164: 11160: 11153: 11137: 11133: 11129: 11122: 11106: 11102: 11098: 11092: 11076: 11072: 11068: 11062: 11046: 11042: 11038: 11031: 11015: 11011: 11010:"Effraenatam" 11004: 10997: 10993: 10989: 10983: 10976: 10970: 10963: 10957: 10938: 10934: 10927: 10921: 10913: 10906: 10904: 10887: 10883: 10882: 10874: 10866: 10862: 10858: 10854: 10850: 10846: 10839: 10831: 10825: 10821: 10814: 10798: 10794: 10788: 10772: 10768: 10762: 10758: 10757: 10749: 10741: 10735: 10731: 10724: 10713: 10706: 10699: 10683: 10679: 10673: 10657: 10653: 10649: 10642: 10640: 10638: 10636: 10634: 10617: 10613: 10606: 10587: 10580: 10574: 10558: 10554: 10550: 10543: 10527: 10523: 10519: 10514:Reprinted as 10503: 10499: 10493: 10489: 10488: 10480: 10472: 10468: 10463: 10458: 10454: 10450: 10446: 10442: 10438: 10431: 10424: 10412: 10408: 10402: 10398: 10397: 10389: 10381: 10374: 10366: 10360: 10356: 10355: 10347: 10341:, p. 57. 10340: 10335: 10327: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10309: 10305: 10301: 10297: 10293: 10289: 10285: 10278: 10270: 10266: 10262: 10258: 10251: 10243: 10239: 10235: 10231: 10227: 10223: 10216: 10208: 10204: 10200: 10196: 10192: 10188: 10181: 10173: 10169: 10164: 10159: 10155: 10151: 10147: 10140: 10138: 10131: 10127: 10123: 10117: 10110: 10097: 10093: 10089: 10085: 10081: 10077: 10073: 10067: 10065: 10057: 10044: 10040: 10034: 10030: 10026: 10022: 10016: 10008: 10004: 10000: 9996: 9992: 9988: 9984: 9979: 9971: 9963: 9957: 9953: 9946: 9930: 9926: 9922: 9916: 9914: 9912: 9910: 9908: 9906: 9897: 9893: 9889: 9885: 9881: 9877: 9873: 9856: 9852: 9848: 9841: 9825: 9821: 9814: 9806: 9800: 9792: 9788: 9784: 9780: 9776: 9772: 9768: 9763: 9755: 9747: 9743: 9739: 9735: 9731: 9727: 9720: 9704: 9700: 9696: 9689: 9681: 9677: 9673: 9669: 9662: 9654: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9636: 9632: 9628: 9624: 9620: 9616: 9615:Contraception 9612: 9605: 9597: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9579: 9575: 9571: 9567: 9563: 9559: 9558:Contraception 9555: 9548: 9537: 9533: 9529: 9525: 9521: 9517: 9513: 9509: 9505: 9498: 9491: 9489: 9469: 9465: 9458: 9457: 9453:"Populație". 9449: 9441: 9437: 9433: 9429: 9425: 9421: 9417: 9413: 9406: 9387: 9380: 9374: 9367: 9362: 9358: 9354: 9350: 9346: 9342: 9338: 9334: 9327: 9311: 9307: 9303: 9296: 9294: 9285: 9281: 9277: 9273: 9269: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9251: 9247: 9240: 9221: 9214: 9208: 9192: 9188: 9181: 9162: 9155: 9149: 9141: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9122: 9114: 9110: 9104: 9100: 9096: 9089: 9081: 9077: 9073: 9069: 9065: 9061: 9054: 9035: 9028: 9022: 9014: 9010: 9006: 9002: 8999:(3): 269–76. 8998: 8994: 8987: 8979: 8975: 8971: 8967: 8963: 8959: 8952: 8944: 8940: 8936: 8932: 8928: 8924: 8920: 8916: 8909: 8901: 8897: 8893: 8889: 8885: 8881: 8874: 8866: 8862: 8858: 8854: 8850: 8846: 8842: 8838: 8831: 8823: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8797: 8790: 8779: 8775: 8769: 8762: 8761: 8753: 8745: 8739: 8735: 8728: 8712: 8708: 8704: 8700: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8672: 8668: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8649: 8638: 8634: 8630: 8626: 8622: 8618: 8614: 8610: 8606: 8599: 8592: 8590: 8588: 8579: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8561: 8557: 8553: 8546: 8535: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8519: 8515: 8511: 8504: 8497: 8489: 8485: 8481: 8480: 8475: 8469: 8461: 8455: 8451: 8444: 8437: 8429: 8425: 8421: 8415: 8411: 8404: 8396: 8390: 8386: 8382: 8381: 8373: 8365: 8363:0-252-02764-7 8359: 8355: 8348: 8330: 8326: 8321: 8318: 8303: 8296: 8291: 8288: 8276: 8272: 8267: 8255: 8251: 8246: 8234: 8230: 8225: 8224: 8220: 8213: 8208: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8180: 8176: 8172: 8165: 8157: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8139: 8135: 8131: 8127: 8123: 8116: 8114: 8106: 8101: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8083: 8079: 8075: 8068: 8060: 8056: 8052: 8048: 8044: 8040: 8033: 8025: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8009: 8005: 7998: 7982: 7978: 7974: 7968: 7960: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7942: 7938: 7934: 7927: 7916: 7909: 7903: 7887: 7883: 7877: 7875: 7866: 7862: 7858: 7854: 7850: 7846: 7842: 7838: 7831: 7829: 7827: 7825: 7808: 7804: 7800: 7796: 7792: 7788: 7784: 7779: 7771: 7764: 7748: 7744: 7740: 7736: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7717: 7710: 7703: 7699: 7695: 7691: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7665: 7658: 7651: 7638: 7634: 7630: 7623: 7616: 7612: 7608: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7577: 7561: 7557: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7539: 7535: 7531: 7527: 7520: 7513: 7505: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7482:Contraception 7479: 7472: 7464: 7460: 7456: 7452: 7445: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7410: 7402: 7398: 7394: 7390: 7386: 7382: 7381:Contraception 7375: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7340: 7331: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7306: 7302: 7295: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7264: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7233: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7204:Contraception 7198: 7190: 7186: 7182: 7178: 7174: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7155: 7147: 7143: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7112: 7093: 7086: 7080: 7072: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7031: 7023: 7022:The Telegraph 7016: 7009: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6974: 6970: 6966: 6962: 6958: 6954: 6950: 6943: 6927: 6923: 6919: 6915: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6896: 6887: 6879: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6845: 6838: 6831: 6826: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6797: 6792: 6785: 6777: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6734: 6715: 6708: 6702: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6667: 6659: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6608: 6604: 6600: 6596: 6592: 6588: 6581: 6573: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6538: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6495: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6473: 6468: 6467: 6461: 6455: 6453: 6445: 6429: 6422: 6421: 6414: 6407: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6367:Contraception 6364: 6357: 6355: 6353: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6319: 6311: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6260:Contraception 6257: 6250: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6199:Contraception 6196: 6189: 6181: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6154: 6152: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6108: 6100: 6094: 6090: 6083: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6034: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6003: 5995: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5954: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5939: 5933: 5929: 5922: 5920: 5900: 5893: 5886: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5855: 5839: 5835: 5829: 5810: 5803: 5796: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5766: 5758: 5752: 5748: 5741: 5734: 5731:misoprostol) 5730: 5729: 5723: 5719: 5716:misoprostol) 5715: 5709: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5678:Contraception 5675: 5668: 5648: 5643: 5641:92-4-159484-5 5637: 5630: 5629: 5621: 5619: 5610: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5569: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5538: 5536: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5463: 5457: 5453: 5446: 5444: 5435: 5429: 5425: 5418: 5416: 5399: 5395: 5389: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5352: 5350: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5318: 5316: 5307: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5286: 5278: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5257: 5249: 5243: 5239: 5232: 5224: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5191:F1000Research 5188: 5181: 5173: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5140:F1000Research 5137: 5130: 5122: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5098: 5082: 5078: 5072: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5051: 5047: 5046: 5039: 5032: 5028: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5004: 4997: 4993: 4987: 4983: 4977: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4935: 4928: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4879:Contraception 4875: 4867: 4859: 4853: 4849: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4819: 4815: 4808: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4755: 4747: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4726: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4695: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4638: 4637: 4633: 4630: 4623: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4593: 4592: 4584: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4558: 4554: 4553: 4545: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4514: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4484: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4436: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4410: 4406: 4405: 4397: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4366: 4359: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4332: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4277: 4264: 4260: 4259: 4254: 4248: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4203: 4196: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4149: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4111: 4107: 4101: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4071: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4038: 4031: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4004: 3988:on 6 May 2021 3987: 3983: 3979: 3973: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3943: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3844:Contraception 3838: 3836: 3834: 3825: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3769: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3722: 3715: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3672: 3664: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3623: 3615: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3564: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3534: 3518: 3514: 3508: 3501: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3475:Contraception 3469: 3467: 3465: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3411: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3346: 3344: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3303: 3298: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3265: 3264:Contraception 3260: 3253: 3251: 3243: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3181: 3179: 3167: 3163: 3157: 3155: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3122: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3092: 3084: 3080: 3074: 3070: 3069: 3062: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3028: 3012: 3008: 3007: 3002: 2999:Kulczycki A. 2995: 2991: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2965: 2962: 2958: 2955: 2951: 2948: 2944: 2943: 2939: 2926: 2922: 2915: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2900:0-8160-4329-9 2896: 2892: 2891: 2885: 2873: 2869: 2864: 2860: 2858:0-02-934435-2 2854: 2850: 2846: 2845: 2839: 2836: 2832: 2829:"The 1970s". 2827: 2826: 2824: 2818: 2811: 2810:anti-Catholic 2807: 2800: 2793: 2792: 2787: 2781: 2777: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2742: 2740: 2736: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2696:skunk cabbage 2693: 2689: 2685: 2684: 2683:Campylobacter 2679: 2672: 2662: 2660: 2656: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2636: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2601:George Tiller 2598: 2594: 2590: 2584: 2582: 2578: 2572: 2562: 2560: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2532: 2526: 2524: 2520: 2519:amniocentesis 2516: 2511: 2501: 2498: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2481: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2438:right to life 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2400: 2396: 2391: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2371: 2370: 2366: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2340: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2324:to her health 2321: 2318: 2313: 2312: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2277: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2264: 2259: 2255: 2254: 2248: 2243: 2237: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2216:abortion laws 2212: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2195:value systems 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2179:philosophical 2176: 2172: 2166: 2155: 2145: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2122:Soviet Russia 2118: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2086: 2084: 2083: 2077: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2056: 2055: 2049: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2003: 2001: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1976:(in his 1869 1975: 1964: 1963:Pope Sixtus V 1960: 1956: 1952: 1951:St. Augustine 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1935: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1918: 1914: 1913: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1820: 1815: 200 CE 1809: 1798: 1797:Ebers Papyrus 1794: 1793:ancient Egypt 1790: 1786: 1785:ancient India 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1765:ancient times 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1730: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1670: 1668: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1602: 1590: 1585: 1576: 1575: 1567: 1565: 1564: 1563:Doe v. Bolton 1559: 1558: 1552: 1550: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1515: 1508: 1505: 1500: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1471: 1467: 1466:Down Syndrome 1463: 1458: 1454: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1435:prostaglandin 1433:" (saline or 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1394: 1390: 1381: 1372: 1358: 1356: 1350: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1335:contraception 1331: 1327: 1325: 1319: 1317: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1303: 1295: 1292: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1269: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1230: 1225: 1214: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1197: 1192: 1190: 1187:According to 1185: 1183: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1150: 1146: 1144: 1138: 1135: 1131: 1125: 1118:Mental health 1115: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1104:metronidazole 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1072: 1063: 1061: 1056: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1033: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1009: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 990: 988: 982: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 963:folk medicine 957:Other methods 954: 950: 947: 943: 933: 931: 927: 926:deep sedation 923: 918: 916: 912: 908: 903: 901: 897: 893: 889: 887: 883: 879: 875: 870: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 841: 837: 832: 828: 825: 821: 818: 814: 811: 807: 804: 798: 789: 786: 781: 779: 775: 771: 767: 762: 760: 756: 755:United States 752: 748: 744: 739: 736: 732: 728: 720: 716: 711: 707: 704: 700: 696: 691: 689: 686: 682: 679: 678:prostaglandin 675: 674:abortifacient 666: 661: 650: 641: 632: 631:0–12 wks 616: 607: 598: 589: 580: 571: 562: 529: 523: 508: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 477: 475: 470: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 441:infant is a " 440: 436: 430: 420: 416: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 397:mental health 394: 388: 386: 385:Abortion laws 382: 377: 375: 360: 358: 357:fetal defects 353: 352:Abortion laws 349: 345: 341: 337: 336:right to life 333: 329: 324: 322: 317: 311: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 268:Birth control 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 244:prostaglandin 241: 237: 233: 228: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 197: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 141: 135: 131: 127: 125: 121: 117: 113: 111: 107: 103: 99: 97: 93: 90: 87: 85: 81: 78: 75: 73: 69: 66: 62: 59: 57: 53: 49: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 19969: 19952: 19935: 19918: 19906:from Commons 19901: 19884: 19863: 19804: 19616:Publications 19575:Antinatalism 19513: 19490:World3 model 19350:Major topics 19294:Experimental 19141:Cervical cap 19109:Ormeloxifene 19091:Vaginal ring 19063:Vaginal ring 18969:Hormonal IUD 18867:Abortion law 18850:bachelor tax 18549: 18500:vulvovaginal 18434:reproduction 18183: 18176:reproductive 18071:Labor rights 18047:and cultural 17957:Right to die 17834:human rights 17832:Substantive 17644: 17465:Hypertension 17452:Immunization 17435:in pregnancy 17351:Amniotic sac 17304:Silent birth 17247:Presentation 17210:Bishop score 17180:Obstetrician 17070:Interstitial 16997:home testing 16831: 16819: 16807: 16530:Hip fracture 16525:Osteoporosis 16266:Infibulation 16166:Dysmenorrhea 16159:Sanitary pad 16111:Menstruation 15962: 15839:Preeclampsia 15834:Hypertension 15718:Labia majora 15713:Labia minora 15573:Christianity 15528:Mifepristone 15523:Methotrexate 15503:Instillation 15427:Buffer zones 14899:Saudi Arabia 14728:South Africa 14723:Sierra Leone 14628:Burkina Faso 14498:Men's rights 14458:Fetal rights 14371:Abortion law 14329: 14269: 14268: 14267:profile for 14264: 14228: 14205:. Retrieved 14181:. Retrieved 14155: 14143:the original 14127: 14111:. Retrieved 14097: 14068: 14029: 14025: 14012: 13990: 13968: 13933: 13929: 13916: 13896: 13881: 13861:Bibliography 13834: 13830: 13826: 13820: 13779: 13775: 13769: 13757:. Retrieved 13750:the original 13745: 13741: 13732: 13724: 13713:the original 13684: 13680: 13667: 13626: 13622: 13616: 13592: 13585: 13552: 13548: 13542: 13530:. Retrieved 13515: 13503:. Retrieved 13488: 13476:. Retrieved 13462: 13450:. Retrieved 13436: 13424:. Retrieved 13420:the original 13391: 13387: 13377: 13365:. Retrieved 13358:the original 13353: 13340: 13321: 13285: 13281: 13271: 13259:. Retrieved 13252:the original 13247: 13234: 13221: 13212: 13195: 13189: 13184:, p. 2. 13141: 13137: 13130:Pridemore WA 13124: 13112:The Guardian 13111: 13101: 13089:. Retrieved 13069: 13057:. Retrieved 13036: 13024:. Retrieved 13020:the original 13009: 12984: 12980: 12974: 12939: 12935: 12925: 12913:. Retrieved 12906:the original 12893: 12881:. 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Retrieved 4375: 4365: 4356: 4349:. Retrieved 4340: 4331: 4298: 4294: 4274: 4267:. Retrieved 4256: 4247: 4216: 4212: 4202: 4193: 4158: 4154: 4116:29 September 4114:. Retrieved 4100: 4090:21 September 4088:. Retrieved 4079: 4070: 4036: 3990:. Retrieved 3986:the original 3981: 3972: 3960:. Retrieved 3956:the original 3951: 3942: 3917: 3913: 3890:. Retrieved 3881: 3872: 3847: 3843: 3797: 3793: 3739: 3735: 3721: 3707: 3685: 3681: 3671: 3636: 3632: 3622: 3577: 3573: 3563: 3553:21 September 3551:. Retrieved 3542: 3533: 3521:. Retrieved 3507: 3498: 3478: 3474: 3451:. Retrieved 3418: 3414: 3358: 3354: 3334:the original 3329: 3300: 3268: 3262: 3240: 3216: 3212: 3178: 3177: 3170:. Retrieved 3166:the original 3141:. Retrieved 3132: 3121: 3109:. Retrieved 3105:the original 3100: 3091: 3067: 3061: 3051:27 September 3049:. Retrieved 3037: 3027: 3015:. Retrieved 3004: 2994: 2974: 2967: 2960: 2953: 2952:Ann Oakley, 2946: 2938: 2920: 2889: 2876:. Retrieved 2872:the original 2843: 2834: 2830: 2822: 2817: 2799: 2789: 2780: 2732: 2728:Bruce effect 2720: 2704:tree tobacco 2688:pine needles 2681: 2674: 2652: 2637: 2625:Scott Roeder 2621:Eric Rudolph 2609:John Salvi's 2599:(1998), and 2593:John Britton 2585: 2581:acid attacks 2574: 2535: 2527: 2513: 2494: 2482: 2450: 2435: 2417: 2251: 2236:Abortion law 2207: 2199:fetal rights 2168: 2138:Nazi Germany 2119: 2087: 2080: 2076:conservatism 2060: 2052: 2038: 2004: 1997: 1993: 1981: 1974:Pope Pius IX 1932: 1922: 1910: 1906: 1880: 1842: 1762: 1694: 1676: 1673:Fetal health 1666: 1664: 1656:microcephaly 1641: 1627:dissection, 1609: 1596: 1588: 1561: 1555: 1553: 1546: 1521: 1512: 1459: 1455: 1447: 1443:hysterectomy 1427:mifepristone 1400: 1351: 1332: 1328: 1320: 1312: 1301: 1287: 1270: 1253: 1242: 1211: 1199: 1194: 1186: 1182:Linda Gordon 1179: 1156: 1147: 1139: 1127: 1112: 1078: 1069: 1057: 1052: 1038: 1010: 991: 983: 975:black cohosh 960: 951: 939: 919: 904: 890: 885: 871: 866: 850: 844: 840:suction pump 835: 830: 823: 816: 809: 806:Amniotic sac 802: 782: 763: 740: 724: 715:mifepristone 703:methotrexate 692: 688:mifepristone 671: 478: 471: 453:, or during 432: 417: 408: 389: 378: 373: 371: 342:. Those who 325: 312: 296:Historically 262:and using a 240:mifepristone 229: 221:self-managed 198: 173: 149: 148: 36: 19886:Definitions 19499:Society and 19458:Biocapacity 19214:Nonoxynol-9 19201:Spermicides 18753:Philippines 18685:Infertility 18644:Gynaecology 18611:Transgender 18379:Sperm theft 18372:foster care 18204:LGBT rights 17937:Nationality 17927:LGBT rights 17761:Apgar score 17545:Hepatitis C 17531:Infections 17371:Development 17356:Endometrium 17314:Water birth 17232:Bloody show 17163:Men's roles 17093:Preparation 17045:Heterotopic 16833:WikiProject 16520:Bone health 16456:Lung cancer 16293:Dyspareunia 16236:HPV vaccine 16176:Amenorrhoea 16171:Menorrhagia 16009:Infertility 15958:Stillbirths 15819:Miscarriage 15600:Scientology 15578:Catholicism 15533:Misoprostol 15498:Hysterotomy 15284:New Zealand 15208:El Salvador 15152:Switzerland 15087:Netherlands 14889:Philippines 14859:South Korea 14854:North Korea 14769:Afghanistan 14344:Definitions 14337:Main topics 13532:18 December 13505:18 December 13478:17 December 13452:18 December 13367:19 December 13347:"By a Hair" 13026:1 September 12915:17 November 12801:16 February 12377:4 September 12246:30 November 12207:31 December 11681:Throughline 11343:Roe v. Wade 11169:25 February 11041:JSTOR Daily 10688:10 December 9935:10 November 9861:10 February 9773:(1): 6–15. 9477:16 February 9197:31 December 7892:7 September 7566:24 November 7253:22 November 7001:14 November 6373:(1): 4–18. 5908:22 November 5844:22 November 5818:22 November 5657:22 November 4917:27 November 4269:21 February 4080:www.who.int 3982:www.who.int 3709:accessible. 3351:Stotland NL 2973:Max Evans, 2823:Roe v. Wade 2739:gray langur 2678:brucellosis 2671:Miscarriage 2422:regulations 2132:(1935) and 2071:Edward Coke 2040:Roe v. Wade 2023:Protestants 1961:. In 1588, 1907:Gynaecology 1826: 1150 1701:thalidomide 1644:teratogenic 1623:and pelvic 1557:Roe v. Wade 1537:infanticide 1439:hysterotomy 1237: 1925 1100:doxycycline 1017:misoprostol 998:bas reliefs 994:miscarriage 884:recommends 751:Switzerland 719:misoprostol 695:misoprostol 467:stillbirths 429:Miscarriage 423:Spontaneous 306:, or other 215:. However, 166:miscarriage 110:MedlinePlus 47:Other names 19984:Categories 19937:Quotations 19686:Events and 19501:population 19447:Population 19398:Population 19343:Population 19281:Abstinence 19256:Withdrawal 19223:Behavioral 19171:Copper IUD 18974:Copper IUD 18845:baby bonus 18841:Financial 18721:By country 18545:childbirth 18535:Obstetrics 18467:Sperm bank 17942:Personhood 17766:Child care 17659:Postpartum 17618:Procedures 17570:Dermatoses 17426:Nutrition 17284:Home birth 17206:Pelvimetry 17085:Childbirth 17065:Unintended 16921:Conception 16880:childbirth 16758:by country 16562:Depression 16213:infections 15918:Episiotomy 15858:Childbirth 15789:Obstetrics 15264:Micronesia 15193:Costa Rica 15122:San Marino 15082:Montenegro 15062:Luxembourg 15042:Kazakhstan 14849:Kazakhstan 14819:East Timor 14789:Bangladesh 14779:Azerbaijan 14698:Madagascar 14668:The Gambia 14643:Cape Verde 14592:By country 14183:2 November 14085:Q124418995 14065:"Abortion" 13987:Koblitz AH 13936:(3): 155. 13892:Devereux G 13114:. 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