90:
114:
of the
Institute of Medicine to meet the requirements of 97.5% of healthy individuals in each life stage and sex group. The definition implies that the intake level would cause a harmful nutrient deficiency in just 2.5%. It is calculated based on the EAR and is usually approximately 20% higher than
212:
The committee was renamed the Food and
Nutrition Board in 1941, after which they began to deliberate on a set of recommendations of a standard daily allowance for each type of nutrient. The standards would be used for nutrition recommendations for the armed forces, for civilians, and for overseas
231:
The DRI was introduced in 1997 in order to broaden the existing system of RDAs. DRIs were published over the period 1998 to 2001. In 2011, revised DRIs were published for calcium and vitamin D. Additionally, revised DRIs were published for potassium and sodium in 2019. The DRI for energy was
2168:
In
September 2007, the Institute of Medicine held a workshop entitled "The Development of DRIs 1994–2004: Lessons Learned and New Challenges". At that meeting, several speakers stated that the current Dietary Recommended Intakes (DRI's) were largely based upon the very lowest rank in the
2173:, that is, opinion, rather than the highest level – randomized controlled clinical trials. Speakers called for a higher standard of evidence to be utilized when making dietary recommendations. The only DRIs to have been revised since that meeting until 2011 are vitamin D and calcium.
240:
Highest EARs and RDA/AIs and lowest ULs for people ages nine years and older, except pregnant or lactating women. ULs for younger children may be lower than RDA/AIs for older people. Females need more iron than males and generally need more nutrients when pregnant or lactating.
2115:(CV) for the EAR of 10 percent is assumed, unless available data indicate a greater variation in requirements. If 10 percent is assumed to be the CV, then twice that amount when added to the EAR is defined as equal to the RDA. The resulting equation for the RDA is then
184:
Australia and New
Zealand refer to the collective set of information as Nutrient Reference Values, with Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) instead of RDA, but EAR, AI and UL defined the same as in the United States and Canada, although numerical values may differ.
2980:..., The IOM finds that the evidence supports a role for vitamin D and calcium in bone health but not in other health conditions. Further, emerging evidence indicates that too much of these nutrients may be harmful, challenging the concept that "more is better".
143:
daily nutrient consumption that is considered to be safe for, and cause no side effects in, 97.5% of healthy individuals in each life stage and sex group. The definition implies that the intake level would cause a harmful nutrient excess in just 2.5%. The
216:
The final set of guidelines, called RDAs for
Recommended Dietary Allowances, were accepted in 1941. The allowances were meant to provide superior nutrition for civilians and military personnel, so they included a "margin of safety". Because of food
2691:
Specific to consuming more than this amount all at once, in the form of a dietary supplement, as this may cause diarrhea. Magnesium-rich foods do not cause this problem. 65 for children aged 3 and younger, 110 for children aged 4-8
213:
population who might need food relief. Roberts, Stiebeling, and
Mitchell surveyed all available data, created a tentative set of allowances for "energy and eight nutrients", and submitted them to experts for review (Nestle, 35).
2755:
The UL for sodium toxicity is not established; however, the lowest
Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intake (CDRR) for sodium is 1800 mg for people ages 9 and up. 1200 for children aged 8 years and younger.
2796:
181:, with Population Reference Intake (PRI) instead of RDA, and Average Requirement instead of EAR. AI and UL define the same as in the United States, although numerical values may differ.
228:
nutritionists made a new set of guidelines that also included the number of servings of each food group in order to make it easier for people to receive their RDAs of each nutrient.
2107:
3362:
3114:
2938:
Institute of
Medicine (US) Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium; Ross, A. C.; Taylor, C. L.; Yaktine, A. L.; Del Valle, H. B. (2011).
2156:
3400:
Dietary
Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium and Zinc
3156:"Search ordered by selected nutrient per 100 gram amounts: sort by nutrient among all foods, USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, SR28"
125:(AI), where no RDA has been established, but the amount established is somewhat less firmly believed to be adequate for everyone in the demographic group.
148:(EFSA) has also established ULs which do not always agree with U.S. ULs. For example, adult zinc UL is 40 mg in the U.S. and 25 mg in EFSA.
3352:
As of 2018 partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs), a specific source of TFAs, although the major one, are no longer
Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS).
2937:
221:
during the war, the food guides created by government agencies to direct citizens' nutritional intake also took food availability into account.
3522:
3272:
158:
DRIs are used by both the United States and Canada, and are intended for the general public and health professionals. Applications include:
154:(AMDR), are a range of intake specified as a percentage of total energy intake. Used for sources of energy, such as fats and carbohydrates.
3517:
2857:"Overview on Dietary Reference Values for the EU population as derived by the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies"
206:
2993:
1503:: ULs could not be determined, and it is recommended that intake from these nutrients be from food only, to prevent adverse effects.
1511:
be added to food or dietary supplements. Research has been conducted into adverse effects, but was not conclusive in many cases:
225:
3373:
3125:
2873:
2837:
104:(EAR), are expected to satisfy the needs of 50% of the people in that age group based on a review of the scientific literature.
3465:
3415:
3330:
3061:
3011:
2957:
3043:
54:
2856:
3314:
Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids
17:
410:
145:
3489:
50:
3088:
1982:
based on the average minimum glucose used by the brain, which is similar to the amount that has a maximum
3449:
Read "The Development of DRIs 1994-2004: Lessons Learned and New Challenges: Workshop Summary" at NAP.edu
224:
The Food and Nutrition Board subsequently revised the RDAs every five to ten years. In the early 1950s,
2818:"Federal Register, Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels. FR page 33982"
1873:
111:
2047:
3258:
3216:. Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University. 23 April 2014.
3202:. Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University. 22 April 2014.
2896:"Contributions of women scientists in the U.S. to the development of Recommended Dietary Allowances"
3278:
2441:
2407:
2160:
This level of intake statistically represents 97.5 percent of the requirements of the population."
2112:
178:
31:
3177:
3301:. U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. December 2020.
2817:
2396:
2120:
2874:"Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand Including Recommended Dietary Intakes"
2468:
2456:
2402:
1901:
232:
updated in 2023. None of the other DRIs have been revised since first published 1998 to 2001.
74:
30:
For the nutritional requirements system used in the European Union and the United Kingdom, see
3213:
1884:
1486:
oysters, fortified breakfast cereals, baby foods, beverages, peanut butter, and energy bars,
3277:, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies, 2004, archived from
3199:
2426:
2421:
1801:
1301:
1160:
3513:
8:
3481:
2039:
1376:
177:
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) refers to the collective set of information as
3537:
3429:
3246:
3025:
2971:
2895:
2431:
2416:
2181:
Percent of U.S. population ages 2+ meeting EAR or USDA healthy eating patterns in 2004
2170:
2035:
1938:
1805:
1749:
1092:
893:
521:
417:
365:
70:
66:
3155:
3083:
3081:
3542:
3461:
3421:
3411:
3326:
3067:
3057:
3029:
3017:
3007:
2963:
2953:
2917:
1864:
1419:
1103:
1044:
1019:
202:
3433:
2975:
3453:
3403:
3318:
3078:
3049:
2999:
2945:
2907:
2473:
2462:
2436:
1987:
709:
459:
443:
368:
198:
194:
3397:
209:
in order to investigate issues of nutrition that might "affect national defense".
3180:. Office of Dietary Supplements, US National Institutes of Health. 3 October 2017
2939:
2451:
2111:
If data about variability in requirements are insufficient to calculate an SD, a
1983:
1809:
1753:
1635:
1293:
1289:
1131:
800:
697:
110:(RDA), the daily dietary intake level of a nutrient considered sufficient by the
57:. It was introduced in 1997 in order to broaden the existing guidelines known as
3228:
1821:
1781:
1765:
1737:
1619:
1341:
1214:
1064:
1040:
716:
451:
81:(%DV) which were based on outdated RDAs from 1968 but were updated as of 2016.
3531:
2912:
1777:
1745:
1704:
1643:
1447:
1404:
1285:
752:
693:
313:
193:
The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) was developed during World War II by
1155:
and other spices, fortified foods, including baby foods, animal organ meats
89:
3447:
3425:
3312:
3071:
3021:
2967:
2921:
2446:
1913:
1361:
1123:
1056:
1004:
756:
649:
325:
317:
3317:. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. 2005. pp. 265–290.
2655:
0.7 for children aged 3 years and younger, 2.2 for children aged 4-8 years
1924:
1905:
1825:
1669:
1443:
1412:
1396:
1365:
1254:
1052:
1012:
965:
938:
701:
595:
321:
78:
1893:
1841:
1793:
1631:
1487:
1459:
1455:
1439:
1400:
1345:
1265:
1230:
1181:
996:
918:
744:
723:
553:
493:
384:
372:
235:
3274:
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs): Recommended Intakes for Individuals
2221:
2211:
2038:(SD) of the EAR is available and the requirement for the nutrient is
1877:
1849:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1773:
1451:
1369:
1329:
1193:
1185:
1008:
880:
Top common sources, 100 grams, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
763:
673:
661:
628:
620:
517:
376:
293:
280:
Top common sources, 100 grams, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
218:
162:
Composition of diets for schools, prisons, hospitals or nursing homes
139:) that can be harmful in large amounts. This is the highest level of
132:
46:
2992:
Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019).
3457:
3407:
3322:
3053:
3003:
2949:
2019:
using a median intake of 1,757 kcal for women 19 to 30 years of age
1917:
1833:
1785:
1769:
1713:
1580:
1222:
1071:
992:
972:
945:
748:
665:
485:
136:
2010:
using a median intake of 2,718 kcal for men 19 to 30 years of age
1909:
1890:
As low as possible while consuming a nutritionally adequate diet
1857:
1688:
1676:
1661:
1567:
1528:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1337:
1000:
832:
807:
788:
713:
705:
653:
587:
340:
1740:, butter, lard, nuts, seeds, fatty meat cuts, egg yolk, cheeses
1853:
1554:
1408:
1325:
1321:
1250:
1096:
1060:
1048:
934:
657:
561:
528:
333:
1599:
RDA/AI is shown below for males and females aged 19–50 years.
1942:
1934:
1897:
1789:
1673:
1541:
1333:
1218:
1152:
926:
922:
796:
784:
131:(UL), to caution against excessive intake of nutrients (like
2797:"A Consumer's Guide to the DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes)"
3398:
Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients (2001).
3089:"Nutrient Recommendations: Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)"
1680:
1499:: EARs have not yet been established or not yet evaluated;
1466:
1258:
930:
914:
828:
792:
623:, beef, animal liver, fortified food and beverage products
516:
fortified food and beverage products, rice bran, fortified
447:
329:
1959:
equal to median intakes and includes water from solid food
97:
DRI provides several different types of reference values:
1729:
1684:
1368:
and instant coffee, dried tomatoes, dried sweet peppers,
836:
3299:
Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. 9th Edition
2031:
The equations used to calculate the RDA are as follows:
65:
s, see below). The DRI values differ from those used in
2839:
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels For Vitamins And Minerals
2412:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
165:
Industries developing new foods and dietary supplements
2985:
2881:
Australian Government, Department of Health and Ageing
862:
856:
262:
256:
2991:
2123:
2050:
1507:
It is also recommended that the following substances
872:
586:
baker's yeast, fortified food and beverage products,
272:
1691:). Animal sources: Meats, fish, milk, cheeses, eggs
1095:
is performed or natural fluorides are present, tea,
236:
Current recommendations for United States and Canada
168:
Healthcare policy makers and public health officials
2941:
Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D
1973:
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR).
3230:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
2995:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
2150:
2101:
1188:, dried spices, cocoa powder, fortified beverages
3529:
2459: – US/Canada food nutrient labelling system
3048:. Washington DC: National Academy Press. 2023.
2933:
2931:
2823:. US Food and Drug Administration. 27 May 2016.
3363:"Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges"
2791:
2789:
1296:, hemp seeds, fortified beverages, dried whey
3178:"Biotin, Fact Sheet for Health Professionals"
3036:
205:, all part of a committee established by the
2928:
2465: – EU/UK food nutrient labelling system
484:fortified food and beverage products, dried
152:Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges
73:products in the U.S. and Canada, which uses
3518:United States National Agricultural Library
2786:
2042:, the RDA is set of two SDs above the EAR:
747:oil, fortified food and beverage products,
2410: – EU/UK system of nutritional advice
1997:
1995:
1969:
1967:
1965:
207:United States National Academy of Sciences
2998:. Washington DC: National Academy Press.
2944:. Washington DC: National Academy Press.
2911:
2893:
2592:300 for children aged 8 years and younger
2511:600 for children aged 8 years and younger
3523:Current USA dietary guidelines 2020–2025
2746:45 for children aged 8 years and younger
2547:10 for children aged 8 years and younger
2493:formerly the Institute of Medicine (IoM)
2399:– upper limit on intake (United Kingdom)
116:
88:
3150:
3148:
3146:
2773:4 for children aged 3 years and younger
2710:2 for children aged 8 years and younger
2163:
2001:Based on 0.8 g/kg of body weight (RDA).
1992:
1962:
866:
266:
244:
226:United States Department of Agriculture
14:
3530:
2845:, European Food Safety Authority, 2006
2832:
2830:
2365:% calories from saturated fat < 10%
2026:
1986:effect and to the amount derived from
1712:barley, bulgur, rolled oats, legumes,
27:US system of nutrition recommendations
2810:
409:fortified food products, lamb liver,
3143:
3045:Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy
2728:2900 for pregnant or lactating women
2646:1300 for pregnant or lactating women
2502:1300 for pregnant or lactating women
827:egg yolk, organ meats from beef and
3486:Community Nutrition Mapping Project
3265:
2827:
2701:2.6 for pregnant or lactating women
2682:400 for pregnant or lactating women
2664:290 for pregnant or lactating women
2628:550 for pregnant or lactating women
2610:120 for pregnant or lactating women
2601:2.8 for pregnant or lactating women
2583:600 for pregnant or lactating women
2565:2.0 for pregnant or lactating women
2529:1.6 for pregnant or lactating women
2520:1.4 for pregnant or lactating women
2373:Cholesterol intake < 300 mg
24:
3115:"Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)"
2764:13 for pregnant or lactating women
2737:70 for pregnant or lactating women
2719:50 for pregnant or lactating women
2637:45 for pregnant or lactating women
2538:18 for pregnant or lactating women
172:
55:National Academies (United States)
25:
3554:
3507:
2556:7 for pregnant or lactating women
1651:milk, grains, fruits, vegetables
1594:
488:mushrooms, beef liver, rice bran
2102:{\displaystyle RDA=EAR+2SD(EAR)}
556:, eggs, fish, meat, seeds, nuts
3474:
3440:
3391:
3355:
3346:
3305:
3291:
3220:
3206:
3192:
3170:
3107:
2767:
2758:
2749:
2740:
2731:
2722:
2713:
2704:
2695:
2685:
2676:
2667:
2658:
2649:
2640:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2357:% calories from total fat ≤ 35%
2013:
2004:
1976:
1953:
1614:Top Sources in Common Measures
2887:
2866:
2849:
2487:
2096:
2084:
1225:, fortified breakfast cereals
913:fortified cereals, beverages,
146:European Food Safety Authority
108:Recommended Dietary Allowances
102:Estimated Average Requirements
59:Recommended Dietary Allowances
13:
1:
3490:Agricultural Research Service
3093:National Institutes of Health
2780:
2381:Sodium intake ≤ 2,300 mg
1091:public drinking water, where
129:Tolerable upper intake levels
84:
2469:Therapeutic food#Composition
2176:
51:National Academy of Medicine
7:
2894:Harper AE (November 2003).
2799:. Health Canada. 2010-11-29
2390:
2171:quality of evidence pyramid
844:
648:fortified beverages, dried
10:
3559:
3402:. National Academy Press.
2151:{\displaystyle RDA=1.2EAR}
1930:Less than 10% of calories
1874:Partially hydrogenated fat
668:, fortified food products
188:
29:
3514:Dietary Reference Intakes
2040:symmetrically distributed
1933:non-natural sweet foods:
1929:
1927:(A type of carbohydrate)
1889:
1869:
1733:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1642:
879:
876:
870:
860:
854:
851:
442:fortified food products,
279:
276:
270:
260:
254:
251:
93:Dietary Reference Intakes
49:recommendations from the
3470:– via www.nap.edu.
2480:
2442:Food pyramid (nutrition)
2408:Dietary Reference Values
2113:coefficient of variation
1941:, cookies, cakes, jams,
1638:, fruits and vegetables
1221:and other dried spices,
1213:fortified beverages and
921:, and baby foods, dried
179:Dietary Reference Values
112:Food and Nutrition Board
39:Dietary Reference Intake
32:Dietary Reference Values
2397:Acceptable daily intake
1945:, many processed foods
1356:, baking powder, dried
75:Reference Daily Intakes
3372:. USDA. Archived from
2913:10.1093/jn/133.11.3698
2619:19 for lactating women
2574:35 for lactating women
2457:Reference Daily Intake
2152:
2103:
1902:fully hydrogenated fat
1716:, nuts, beans, apples
454:, fortified beverages
94:
2673:27 for pregnant women
2153:
2104:
1885:Saturated fatty acids
92:
2427:Essential fatty acid
2422:Essential amino acid
2164:Standard of evidence
2121:
2048:
1802:alpha-Linolenic acid
245:Vitamins and choline
3492:. "All U.S." column
3233:. NIH. 5 March 2019
2403:Canada's Food Guide
2027:Calculating the RDA
1939:sweetened beverages
1870:As low as possible
1756:) (A type of fat)
1734:20–35% of calories
1666:10–35% of calories
1648:45–65% of calories
117:Calculating the RDA
2476:– vitamin toxicity
2432:Essential nutrient
2417:Mineral (nutrient)
2148:
2099:
2036:standard deviation
1812:) (A type of fat)
1806:omega-3 fatty acid
1750:omega-6 fatty acid
1360:and other spices,
1253:, grain products,
1045:shiitake mushrooms
95:
71:dietary supplement
67:nutrition labeling
3467:978-0-309-11562-9
3417:978-0-309-07279-3
3332:978-0-309-08525-0
3063:978-0-309-69723-1
3013:978-0-309-48834-1
2959:978-0-309-16394-1
2883:. September 2017.
2388:
2387:
1949:
1948:
1865:Trans fatty acids
1709:14 g/(1000 kcal)
1611:Amount (females)
1592:
1591:
1504:
1493:
1492:
1180:crude rice bran,
842:
841:
791:, cooked and raw
369:breakfast cereals
203:Helen S. Mitchell
45:) is a system of
16:(Redirected from
3550:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3378:
3367:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3256:
3252:
3250:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3152:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3130:
3124:. Archived from
3119:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3085:
3076:
3075:
3040:
3034:
3033:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2935:
2926:
2925:
2915:
2906:(11): 3698–702.
2891:
2885:
2884:
2878:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2834:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2793:
2774:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2474:Hypervitaminosis
2463:Reference Intake
2437:Food composition
2413:
2184:
2183:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1990:
1988:nitrogen balance
1980:
1974:
1971:
1960:
1957:
1887:(A type of fat)
1867:(A type of fat)
1602:
1601:
1514:
1513:
1495:
1041:seaweed products
874:
868:
864:
858:
849:
848:
460:Pantothenic acid
274:
268:
264:
258:
249:
248:
199:Hazel Stiebeling
195:Lydia J. Roberts
21:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3528:
3527:
3510:
3505:
3495:
3493:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3468:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3418:
3396:
3392:
3382:
3380:
3379:on May 26, 2022
3376:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3351:
3347:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3284:
3282:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3254:
3253:
3244:
3243:
3236:
3234:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3161:
3159:
3154:
3153:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3131:on May 26, 2022
3128:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3098:
3096:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3064:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3014:
2990:
2986:
2960:
2936:
2929:
2892:
2888:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2802:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2452:Protein quality
2411:
2393:
2277:
2258:
2179:
2166:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1993:
1984:protein sparing
1981:
1977:
1972:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1810:polyunsaturated
1754:polyunsaturated
1636:iceberg lettuce
1608:Amount (males)
1597:
1342:sunflower seeds
1294:cottonseed meal
1290:instant pudding
1215:infant formulas
1065:sunflower seeds
847:
801:leaf vegetables
751:oil, fortified
700:(if exposed to
601:
567:
534:
497:
465:
423:
390:
346:
247:
238:
191:
175:
173:Other countries
123:Adequate Intake
87:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Adequate Intake
15:
12:
11:
5:
3556:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3509:
3508:External links
3506:
3504:
3503:
3473:
3466:
3458:10.17226/12086
3439:
3416:
3408:10.17226/10026
3390:
3354:
3345:
3331:
3323:10.17226/10490
3304:
3290:
3264:
3255:|website=
3219:
3205:
3191:
3169:
3142:
3106:
3077:
3062:
3054:10.17226/26818
3035:
3012:
3004:10.17226/25353
2984:
2958:
2950:10.17226/13050
2927:
2886:
2865:
2848:
2826:
2809:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2766:
2757:
2748:
2739:
2730:
2721:
2712:
2703:
2694:
2684:
2675:
2666:
2657:
2648:
2639:
2630:
2621:
2612:
2603:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2558:
2549:
2540:
2531:
2522:
2513:
2504:
2495:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2405:
2400:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2178:
2175:
2165:
2162:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2012:
2003:
1991:
1975:
1961:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1931:
1928:
1921:
1920:
1891:
1888:
1881:
1880:
1871:
1868:
1861:
1860:
1822:Vegetable oils
1819:
1816:
1813:
1798:
1797:
1766:Vegetable oils
1763:
1760:
1757:
1742:
1741:
1738:Vegetable oils
1735:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1667:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1596:
1595:Macronutrients
1593:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1523:units per day
1521:
1518:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1407:, dried eggs,
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1039:animal liver,
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1015:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
969:
968:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
942:
941:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
890:
889:
886:
882:
881:
878:
875:
869:
859:
853:
846:
843:
840:
839:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
804:
803:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
760:
759:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
720:
719:
717:sockeye salmon
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
670:
669:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
625:
624:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
599:
592:
591:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
565:
558:
557:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
532:
525:
524:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
495:
490:
489:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
463:
456:
455:
452:instant coffee
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
421:
414:
413:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
388:
381:
380:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
344:
337:
336:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
290:
289:
286:
282:
281:
278:
275:
269:
259:
253:
246:
243:
237:
234:
190:
187:
174:
171:
170:
169:
166:
163:
156:
155:
149:
142:
126:
120:
105:
86:
83:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3555:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3469:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3443:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3358:
3349:
3334:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3308:
3300:
3294:
3281:on 2017-10-21
3280:
3276:
3275:
3268:
3260:
3248:
3232:
3231:
3223:
3215:
3209:
3201:
3195:
3179:
3173:
3157:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3127:
3123:
3116:
3110:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3039:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2988:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2934:
2932:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2890:
2882:
2875:
2869:
2858:
2852:
2841:
2840:
2833:
2831:
2819:
2813:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2770:
2761:
2752:
2743:
2734:
2725:
2716:
2707:
2698:
2688:
2679:
2670:
2661:
2652:
2643:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2589:
2580:
2571:
2562:
2553:
2544:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2486:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2174:
2172:
2161:
2158:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2116:
2114:
2109:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1996:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1956:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1778:sunflower oil
1775:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1746:Linoleic acid
1744:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1645:
1644:Carbohydrates
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1448:bouillon cube
1445:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1286:baking powder
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
947:
944:
943:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
895:
892:
891:
887:
884:
883:
850:
838:
834:
830:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
809:
806:
805:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
758:
754:
753:peanut butter
750:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
721:
718:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
694:cod liver oil
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
675:
672:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:sweet peppers
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
630:
627:
626:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
597:
594:
593:
589:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
563:
560:
559:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
530:
527:
526:
523:
519:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
498:
492:
491:
487:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
461:
458:
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:baker's yeast
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
419:
416:
415:
412:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
386:
383:
382:
378:
374:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
342:
339:
338:
335:
332:, dehydrated
331:
327:
326:sweet peppers
323:
319:
315:
314:cod liver oil
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
287:
284:
283:
250:
242:
233:
229:
227:
222:
220:
214:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
186:
182:
180:
167:
164:
161:
160:
159:
153:
150:
147:
140:
138:
134:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
115:the EAR (See
113:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
98:
91:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
53:(NAM) of the
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3494:. Retrieved
3485:
3482:"California"
3476:
3448:
3442:
3399:
3393:
3381:. Retrieved
3374:the original
3369:
3357:
3348:
3336:. Retrieved
3313:
3307:
3298:
3293:
3283:, retrieved
3279:the original
3273:
3267:
3235:. Retrieved
3229:
3222:
3214:"Molybdenum"
3208:
3194:
3182:. Retrieved
3172:
3160:. Retrieved
3133:. Retrieved
3126:the original
3121:
3109:
3097:. Retrieved
3092:
3044:
3038:
2994:
2987:
2979:
2940:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2880:
2868:
2851:
2838:
2812:
2801:. Retrieved
2769:
2760:
2751:
2742:
2733:
2724:
2715:
2706:
2697:
2687:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2543:
2534:
2525:
2516:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2447:Healthy diet
2180:
2167:
2159:
2117:
2110:
2044:
2033:
2030:
2015:
2006:
1978:
1955:
1914:cocoa butter
1598:
1508:
1506:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1362:cocoa solids
1126:, kelp, cod
1124:iodized salt
1093:fluoridation
1057:cocoa powder
1053:sesame seeds
757:chili powder
724:α-tocopherol
239:
230:
223:
215:
211:
192:
183:
176:
157:
151:
128:
122:
107:
101:
96:
79:Daily Values
69:on food and
62:
58:
42:
38:
36:
3227:"Summary".
1925:Added sugar
1906:coconut oil
1900:products),
1826:Linseed oil
1444:baking soda
1397:Brazil nuts
1366:instant tea
1013:grape juice
939:milk powder
919:energy bars
726:(Vitamin E)
702:ultraviolet
554:organ meats
373:energy bars
77:(RDIs) and
3532:Categories
3285:2009-06-09
3200:"Chromium"
3184:28 October
3162:28 October
2803:2017-08-29
2781:References
2285:Phosphorus
2239:Riboflavin
2190:Adherence
1894:Animal fat
1842:canola oil
1818:1.1 g/day
1815:1.6 g/day
1794:canola oil
1656:130 g/day
1632:watermelon
1627:2.7 L/day
1624:3.7 L/day
1605:Substance
1488:wheat germ
1460:fish sauce
1456:onion soup
1440:table salt
1401:mixed nuts
1346:watermelon
1266:Phosphorus
1231:Molybdenum
1186:hemp seeds
1182:cottonseed
997:turkey ham
966:table salt
925:and other
835:oil, fish
745:wheat germ
518:margarines
385:Riboflavin
322:dehydrated
85:Parameters
3538:Nutrition
3257:ignored (
3247:cite book
3030:104464967
2349:Potassium
2293:Magnesium
2274:Vitamin B
2255:Vitamin B
2222:Vitamin E
2212:Vitamin C
2203:Vitamin A
2177:Adherence
1878:margarine
1850:hemp seed
1846:chia seed
1830:flax seed
1762:12 g/day
1759:17 g/day
1724:25 g/day
1721:38 g/day
1699:46 g/day
1696:56 g/day
1679:(pulses:
1520:Lowest UL
1517:Substance
1452:seasoning
1403:, animal
1370:soy sauce
1330:kiwifruit
1302:Potassium
1223:chickpeas
1217:, ground
1194:Manganese
1161:Magnesium
1009:pineapple
852:Nutrient
764:Vitamin K
698:mushrooms
674:Vitamin D
666:rose hips
662:coriander
629:Vitamin C
621:shellfish
596:Cobalamin
520:, ground
494:Vitamin B
448:rice bran
411:spirulina
379:products
377:baby food
366:fortified
294:Vitamin A
252:Nutrient
219:rationing
141:sustained
133:vitamin A
47:nutrition
3543:Vitamins
3452:. 2008.
3434:44243659
3426:25057538
3370:usda.gov
3122:usda.gov
3072:36693139
3022:30844154
2976:58721779
2968:21796828
2922:14608098
2391:See also
2309:Selenium
2187:Nutrient
2034:"If the
1918:palm oil
1858:soybeans
1834:hemp oil
1786:corn oil
1770:Hemp oil
1714:psyllium
1581:Vanadium
1411:, dried
1377:Selenium
1322:Potatoes
1072:Fluoride
1043:, dried
1001:apricots
999:, dried
993:broccoli
973:Chromium
946:Chloride
929:, dried
888:Females
861:Highest
855:Highest
845:Minerals
799:, other
787:, fresh
749:hazelnut
710:mackerel
704:light),
656:, dried
486:shiitake
288:Females
261:Highest
255:Highest
137:selenium
3488:. USDA
3383:June 9,
3338:June 9,
3237:June 1,
3135:May 31,
3099:May 31,
2900:J. Nutr
2862:. 2017.
2333:Calcium
2231:Thiamin
2195:Protein
1689:lentils
1677:legumes
1662:Protein
1630:water,
1568:Silicon
1529:Arsenic
1454:mixes,
1446:, soup
1409:oysters
1405:kidneys
1358:parsley
1354:spinach
1350:avocado
1338:raisins
1326:bananas
1251:legumes
1184:flour,
1097:raisins
1061:cashews
1049:oysters
894:Calcium
871:Lowest
833:soybean
808:Choline
789:parsley
706:halibut
654:acerola
588:poultry
341:Thiamin
334:carrots
271:Lowest
189:History
3464:
3432:
3424:
3414:
3329:
3158:. 2016
3070:
3060:
3028:
3020:
3010:
2974:
2966:
2956:
2920:
2692:years.
2384:29.8%
2376:10.4%
2368:55.8%
2360:59.4%
2336:30.9%
2328:84.2%
2325:Copper
2320:70.8%
2312:91.5%
2304:89.5%
2296:43.0%
2288:87.2%
2280:79.7%
2269:59.6%
2266:Folate
2261:73.9%
2250:87.2%
2247:Niacin
2242:89.1%
2234:81.6%
2226:13.6%
2216:51.0%
2206:46.0%
2198:88.9%
1854:walnut
1555:Nickel
1420:Sodium
1334:prunes
1219:cloves
1151:dried
1104:Iodine
1020:Copper
935:cheese
927:spices
885:Males
785:spices
783:dried
714:canned
658:chives
652:, raw
590:liver
562:Folate
529:Biotin
418:Niacin
375:, and
285:Males
201:, and
3496:6 Nov
3430:S2CID
3377:(PDF)
3366:(PDF)
3129:(PDF)
3118:(PDF)
3095:. HHS
3026:S2CID
2972:S2CID
2877:(PDF)
2860:(PDF)
2843:(PDF)
2821:(PDF)
2481:Notes
2352:7.6%
2344:8.0%
2341:Fiber
1943:syrup
1935:Candy
1898:dairy
1804:, an
1790:maize
1748:, an
1705:Fiber
1681:beans
1674:seeds
1620:Water
1542:Boron
1458:mix,
1259:seeds
1153:thyme
923:basil
877:Unit
797:chard
318:liver
277:Unit
3498:2014
3462:ISBN
3422:PMID
3412:ISBN
3385:2021
3340:2021
3327:ISBN
3259:help
3239:2021
3186:2017
3164:2017
3137:2021
3101:2021
3068:PMID
3058:ISBN
3018:PMID
3008:ISBN
2964:PMID
2954:ISBN
2918:PMID
2317:Zinc
2301:Iron
1910:meat
1838:seed
1782:seed
1774:seed
1685:peas
1670:Nuts
1467:Zinc
1433:1800
1430:1500
1427:1500
1399:and
1312:2600
1309:3400
1279:3000
1276:1250
1273:1250
1270:1055
1257:and
1255:nuts
1244:1100
1132:Iron
1033:5000
1005:tuna
959:3400
956:2300
953:2300
931:whey
915:tofu
907:2000
904:1300
901:1300
898:1100
829:pork
821:2000
793:kale
660:and
642:1200
522:sage
330:veal
324:red
307:1700
135:and
37:The
3516:at
3454:doi
3404:doi
3319:doi
3050:doi
3000:doi
2946:doi
2908:doi
2904:133
2137:1.2
1912:),
1844:),
1840:),
1832:),
1824:: (
1792:),
1784:),
1776:),
1730:Fat
1588:mg
1585:1.8
1562:mg
1559:0.6
1549:mg
1509:not
1471:9.4
1413:cod
1390:280
1204:1.8
1201:2.3
1174:350
1171:360
1168:420
1165:350
1136:8.1
1117:600
1114:150
1111:150
1030:900
1027:900
1024:700
863:RDA
857:EAR
837:roe
818:425
815:550
771:120
738:600
687:100
611:2.4
608:2.4
605:2.0
580:600
577:400
574:400
571:330
507:1.5
504:1.7
501:1.4
400:1.1
397:1.3
394:1.1
356:1.1
353:1.2
350:1.0
304:700
301:900
298:630
263:RDA
257:EAR
63:RDA
43:DRI
3534::
3484:.
3460:.
3428:.
3420:.
3410:.
3368:.
3325:.
3251::
3249:}}
3245:{{
3145:^
3120:.
3091:.
3080:^
3066:.
3056:.
3024:.
3016:.
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2978:.
2970:.
2962:.
2952:.
2930:^
2916:.
2902:.
2898:.
2879:.
2829:^
2788:^
2276:12
1994:^
1964:^
1937:,
1916:,
1904:,
1876:,
1856:,
1852:,
1848:,
1796:)
1687:,
1683:,
1672:,
1634:,
1575:—
1572:ND
1546:11
1536:—
1533:ND
1501:ND
1497:NE
1483:mg
1480:40
1474:11
1450:,
1442:,
1436:mg
1424:NE
1393:μg
1387:55
1384:55
1381:45
1364:,
1352:,
1348:,
1344:,
1340:,
1336:,
1332:,
1328:,
1324:,
1318:mg
1315:ND
1306:NE
1292:,
1288:,
1282:mg
1247:μg
1241:45
1238:45
1235:34
1210:mg
1198:NE
1177:mg
1148:mg
1145:40
1142:18
1139:11
1120:μg
1108:95
1088:mg
1085:10
1076:NE
1063:,
1059:,
1055:,
1051:,
1047:,
1036:μg
1011:,
1007:,
1003:,
995:,
989:μg
986:ND
983:25
980:35
977:NE
962:mg
950:NE
937:,
933:,
917:,
910:mg
873:UL
867:AI
831:,
824:mg
812:NE
795:,
780:μg
777:ND
774:90
768:NE
755:,
741:mg
735:15
732:15
729:12
712:,
708:,
696:,
690:μg
684:20
681:20
678:10
664:,
645:mg
639:75
636:90
633:75
617:μg
614:ND
600:12
598:(B
583:μg
564:(B
550:μg
547:ND
544:30
541:30
538:NE
531:(B
513:mg
510:60
481:mg
478:ND
469:NE
462:(B
450:,
446:,
439:mg
436:20
433:14
430:16
427:12
420:(B
406:mg
403:ND
387:(B
371:,
362:mg
359:ND
343:(B
328:,
320:,
316:,
310:μg
273:UL
267:AI
197:,
119:).
3500:.
3456::
3436:.
3406::
3387:.
3342:.
3321::
3261:)
3241:.
3188:.
3166:.
3139:.
3103:.
3074:.
3052::
3032:.
3002::
2948::
2924:.
2910::
2806:.
2257:6
2146:R
2143:A
2140:E
2134:=
2131:A
2128:D
2125:R
2097:)
2094:R
2091:A
2088:E
2085:(
2082:D
2079:S
2076:2
2073:+
2070:R
2067:A
2064:E
2061:=
2058:A
2055:D
2052:R
1908:(
1896:(
1836:(
1828:(
1808:(
1788:(
1780:(
1772:(
1768:(
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1207:6
1082:3
1079:4
865:/
602:)
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566:9
535:)
533:7
496:6
475:5
472:5
466:)
464:5
424:)
422:3
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389:2
347:)
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265:/
61:(
41:(
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20:)
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