572:(ICRC) and flown home, the Swedish Government asked the British Government to question Astiz. The French Government also made a request that Astiz be held while they sought legal pursuance for the "disappearances" of the nuns. Both countries stated that they had eyewitnesses for the "disappearances." The United Kingdom's Government's initial response was that concerned parties should talk to the I.C.R.C., as it would be taking custody of the prisoners. The I.C.R.C. refused the countries' requests to talk to Astiz if it took custody of him. Both nations in response stepped up diplomatic pressure on the United Kingdom not to transfer Astiz to the I.C.R.C. The United Kingdom decided to send home the 189 other detainees "as an act of compassion." Astiz was to be held until "the end of the belligerency", initially on
258:) were unconstitutional, the government re-opened prosecution of war crimes cases. That year Astiz was detained on charges of kidnapping and torture. A mass grave with several unidentified bodies was found in July 2005 in a cemetery about 400 kilometers south of Buenos Aires; forensic DNA testing identified Duquet, Villaflor, and two other founding Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo. The prosecution of charges against Astiz included murder. Together with numerous other defendants associated with ESMA, Astiz was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment in Argentina for
1255:
852:
221:, Astiz surrendered with his team to British forces. Sweden and France wanted to question him about "disappearances" of their nationals at his hands but, considering issues of the Geneva Conventions, the United Kingdom had him questioned by a British policeman. Astiz refused to answer any questions. The UK did not think it had grounds to hold or prosecute him, as he was suspected of crimes committed in Argentina that were not then defined as against
621:
actions committed prior to capture. A British court has jurisdiction over a foreign tort whenever the defendant is in the UK, if the alleged act would have been actionable as a tort if committed in
Britain, and it was an offence under the laws of the foreign country. Torture and kidnap by government officials is actionable as a tort if committed in England. Proving that it was an offence under the laws of Argentina would have been more difficult.
555:, the Argentine Foreign Minister, said that Argentina was technically in a state of war with the UK. At about the same time an Argentine prisoner (FĂ©lix Artuso) was shot dead by a Royal Marine who mistakenly thought he was trying to scuttle a captured submarine. The United Kingdom Government informed Argentina through Brazilian diplomats that a board of inquiry would be convened under the provisions of the 1949
613:
wounding and tortureâwhich were illegal in
Argentina, and he could, in theory, be prosecuted there. Meyer argues that nothing in the Geneva Conventions expressly prohibited the prosecution or extradition of Astiz. However, the extradition treaties between Argentina and the UK, and Sweden and France, referred only to crimes committed within the territory of the requesting state and crimes against
617:, while Astiz was accused of crimes committed in Argentina against their nationals which were not, at the time, crimes under international law. Consequently, he could not be handed over to another country. Criminal prosecution of Astiz within the UK was also not possible because he was not accused of any crimes against British subjects, their possessions or the British State.
580:
891:, and MarĂa Elena VĂĄzquez, a housewife from whom Alfredo inherited his blonde phenotype and blue eyes. From his father he inherited his military vocation and from both parents the Argentine nationalist formation that accompanies him to this day as a prisoner, serving a life sentence that has lasted a quarter of a century, the same time he served as a naval officer.
597:
representatives of the French and
Swedish Governments. Soon after, the Argentine government made veiled threats against the welfare of three British journalists they had under arrest as spies at that time in Argentina, and linked their release to that of Astiz. Astiz was questioned twice in June 1982 by a Detective Chief Superintendent of the
771:, former chief of naval operations in 1976â77, Astiz testified in January 2007 before Argentine judges that a French intelligence agent, Bertrand de Perseval, had participated in the abduction of the two French nuns. Perseval, who lives today in Thailand, denied any links with the abduction. He has acknowledged being a former member of the
625:
constitution, Astiz could have been prosecuted for acting outside his powers as an agent of the
Argentine government in torturing Domon and Duquet. Although there were witnesses prepared to testify that they had seen Astiz torture Alice Domon and LĂ©onie Duquet, no prosecution of Astiz was made on these grounds at the time.
601:. Both times, Astiz remained silent. The United Kingdom gave a detailed report of the fruitless interviews to the Swedish and French Governments. Astiz was repatriated back to Argentina on 10 June 1982, just before the start of the battle for Port Stanley and the Argentine surrender on the Falkland Islands on 14 June 1982.
564:
came to the attention of the
Swedish and French governments, which has been seeking justice for their citizens from Argentina, their embassies in London informing the Government of the United Kingdom that Astiz was accused of criminal acts against their nationals. As the Argentine prisoners were being shipped to
903:
in 2004. In
October 2013 the Supreme Court ratified decisions of lower courts denying him the right to treatment in a military hospital, under a Defence Ministry resolution banning use of the facilities by personnel who had criminal convictions. Astiz said that the Ministry was trying to kill him and
632:
revealed that Astiz was considered a major problem as a prisoner, that Astiz's custody on board ship was a breach of
Article 22 of the Third Geneva Convention, (which states that prisoners must be held on land) and that there had been discrimination between Astiz and his men. There were also concerns
596:
Two weeks later, under pressure from public opinion at home and by the French and
Swedish governments, the United Kingdom decided to buy time by transporting Astiz by ship from Ascension Island to the United Kingdom. While Astiz was in transit, it announced he would be made available for interview by
314:
Astiz was believed to have kidnapped and tortured hundreds of people during 1976 and 1977. Among these were several nationals of other countries, whose cases received international attention as their governments tried to find them and to prosecute suspects. In 1976 and 1977, Astiz' team kidnapped and
563:
About three weeks after the
Argentine prisoners were captured, the United Kingdom announced that it would repatriate all 151 soldiers and 39 civilians, five of whom were not Argentine citizens, that it held in detention on South Georgia. Because of the publicity related to the surrender of Astiz, he
534:
The
British Government reacted by sending in more forces to South Georgia, the Argentine garrison surrendering on 23 April 1982. Astiz insisted on signing a surrender document for himself and his small band although they were covered by the surrender of his commanding officer. As a result, Astiz was
620:
Meyer argues that victims of Astiz, or their representatives, might have been successful in securing damages from him if they had brought a civil action while he was in the UK. As with criminal prosecution, nothing in the Geneva Conventions of 1949 remove the civil liability of prisoners of war for
326:
citizenship through her father Ragnar Hagelin, was shot and wounded by Astiz while attempting to escape capture. From the early 1980s, Ragnar Hagelin battled tirelessly to bring Astiz to justice. His wife and Dagmar's mother was an Argentine citizen named Buccicardi. Dagmar Hagelin was never found.
310:
During the Dirty War, Astiz specialized as an intelligence officer with GT 3.3.2 in infiltrating human rights groups in Argentina, particularly those active in Buenos Aires. He used the false name of "Gustavo Niño." He stayed with a group long enough to identify key members and then organized their
746:
After this ruling, the government re-opened prosecution of war crimes committed during the military dictatorship. In 2005, Astiz was detained on charges of kidnapping and torture, centered on the 12 victims of December 1977. Astiz and 17 other defendants associated with the operations at ESMA were
612:
from it. Meyer argues that this was an incorrect reading but was justified at the time by four points. Astiz was in protective custody because of special circumstances, i.e. surrendering during war. The Geneva Conventions exhort custodial powers to leniency. Astiz was accused of crimesâkidnapping,
559:
to review the death. The next day the United Kingdom claimed the Argentine prisoners were not prisoners of war because they were captured before Argentina had declared hostilities. Six days later they changed their mind. In a 1983 article, Meyer states that the United Kingdom's Government changed
486:
The next day, 20 March, the local head of the British Antarctic Survey handed Astiz a note transcribed from a radio message from the Governor of the Falklands. The communication ordered Astiz to take down the flag of Argentina and leave. Astiz took down the flag but did not leave. Later that day,
424:
In late December 1977, unidentified bodies began washing up on beaches hundreds of kilometers south of Buenos Aires after heavy storms. Autopsies revealed they had died on impact, apparently having been thrown out of aircraft over the ocean, intended never to be discovered. In March 1978 Agence
538:
Astiz rigged the island football pitch with explosives, and planned to detonate them killing the British officers receiving his surrender. At the last minute the wires leading to the explosives were spotted and the surrender venue was changed to aboard HMS Plymouth, where Astiz freely admitted
315:"disappeared" three Italian nationals: Angela Maria Aieta in 1976, and Giovanni Pegoraro and his pregnant daughter Susana Pegoraro in 1977. Susana was believed to have given birth in prison before her death, and it was suspected her child was given illegally for adoption by a military family.
758:
Of the other defendants, 11 were also sentenced to life in prison, four received sentences ranging from 18 to 25 years, and two were acquitted. Since the Kirchner government started prosecuting cases again, Astiz is one of 259 people who by late 2011 had been convicted of human rights abuses
624:
English courts assume that the authorised actions of officials of a foreign government within its sovereign territory are not actionable within their jurisdiction unless those actions are outside the scope of the powers of the government. Since torture is expressly forbidden in the Argentine
714:
in 1977. It is believed that Susana gave birth in prison before her death, and Astiz arranged for her baby to be given for illegal adoption to an Argentine military family. Argentine newspapers reported at the time of Astiz's arrest that the alleged daughter was living in the port city of
838:
Act, by trying to shift it to the predecessors of the military government, and the French. Daleo points out that claiming to be obeying Isabel PerĂłn's anti-subversion decrees is grotesque, as those who murdered in the name of the decrees were the ones who had deposed her.
694:
in an interview that he was "the best-trained man in Argentina to kill journalists and politicians". He also reportedly said "I'm not sorry for anything", and defended the actions of the military dictatorship. He was discharged from the military for his comments.
311:
abductions by his military forces. Prisoners were taken to the secret detention camp at ESMA and interrogated under torture for information about other members and activities. Most detainees were murdered by the military or death squads.
747:"charged with various cases of kidnapping, torture, and murder relating to 86 victims". Following a 22-month trial, on 27 October 2011, Alfredo Astiz was convicted by an Argentinian court and sentenced to life imprisonment for
409:
Astiz was witnessed torturing the nuns at ESMA by beating them, immersing them in water and applying electrified cattle prods to their breasts, genitals and mouths. A staged photograph intended to portray their support of the
530:
helicopter, inflicting casualties in both cases, the Royal Marines surrendered to superior force. The Royal Marines were repatriated to the United Kingdom and later took part in the recapture of the Falkland Islands.
214:, who were Catholic nuns. None of the twelve were seen alive again outside detention and all were believed killed, rumored to be among the bodies washed up on beaches south of Buenos Aires in late 1977.
539:
plotting to kill the British delegation, having also booby trapped nearby buildings. âThe white flag obviously meant nothing to himâ said British naval Captain Nick Barker who took Astizâs surrender.
225:, and repatriated him. In 1986 and 1987, Argentina passed the Pardon Laws, providing a kind of amnesty to military and security officers for crimes committed during the Dirty War. In 1990, a French
1106:
887:
Born on November 8, 1951, into a traditional Argentine family of Mar del Plata origin, upper-middle class and Spanish Basque descent, his parents were Bernardo Astiz, a vice admiral of the
394:
group of mothers organized to learn the fates of their missing children and protested against the thousands of "disappeared." He also kidnapped two French nationals who were Catholic nuns,
633:
for the safety of British prisoners held by Argentina. Within a few days of being taken prisoner he had assaulted a guard and later fashioned a "primitive dagger" from a bed spring. The
429:, but this was not confirmed by the government. These and other bodies washed ashore were buried in mass graves at General Lavalle Cemetery, about 400 kilometers south of Buenos Aires.
334:
activist to whom she bore some physical resemblance, and who was a mutual acquaintance of fellow-activist Norma Susana Burgos. Witnesses testified to having seen Hagelin later at the
702:. Italy was seeking extradition of Astiz for the kidnapping and torture of three Italian nationals in 1976 and 1977, and for the abduction of a baby daughter born to one of them:
686:, respectively) which had shielded military and security officers from prosecution. He has several times been physically attacked by civilians; a well-known assault took place in
1439:
437:
357:
His resistance was believed to be related to the severity of the injuries she suffered in the shooting. Hagelin was said to be paralyzed and to have lost cognitive abilities.
341:
According to the Argentine Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, tasked with following up Swedish complaints at the time of Hagelin's shooting and abduction, Lieutenant Commander
1229:
1157:
375:
Astiz was convicted of murdering Dagmar Hagelin, and committing other crimes, to a second lifetime sentence in 2017 after a five year trial, together with his former boss
1464:
1434:
1384:
1414:
815:
818:, and all those in office in the French embassy in Buenos Aires between 1976 and 1983. Besides this "French connection", MendĂa has also blamed the former president
294:, and murdered in the ESMA, or elsewhere by its personnel, during those years. GT332 was involved in some of the 8,961 deaths and other crimes documented by the
703:
1203:
372:
There is no direct evidence that Astiz had any part in Hagelin's treatment after shooting and kidnapping Hagelin. There is no evidence of who killed her.
707:
295:
1103:
1087:
711:
362:
358:
790:
It has long been alleged that France arranged to have its intelligence agents train their Argentine (and other Latin American) counterparts in the
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group, was leaked to the press. Despite repeated efforts by France to trace the nuns, the Argentine government denied all knowledge of them.
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its position because it had already implied the Argentine detainees were prisoners of war by applying provisions of the Geneva Conventions.
904:
severely harm his health by denying him access to Pedro Mallo Naval Hospital, the only medical facility able to supply the care he needed.
464:
983:
402:. They had previously been caretakers for Jorge Videla's disabled son Alejandro. None were seen alive again after having been tortured at
1038:
671:
if necessary, of foreigners accused of breaking French laws in other jurisdictions if the crimes are committed against French nationals.
1226:
432:
In July 2005 several bodies of unidentified women were found in a mass grave in General Lavalle Cemetery. Forensic DNA testing by the
160:"), and had a reputation as a torturer. He was discharged from the military in 1998 after defending his actions in a press interview.
834:. According to the ESMA survivor Graciela Daleo, this is another tactic to absolve the perpetrators of culpability, as did the 1987
467:, under the guise of workers of the Argentine scrap metal dealer Constantino Davidoff. Officially they were to scrap three derelict
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of 1949, relating to the treatment of prisoners of war, as protecting Astiz from criminal prosecution in its jurisdiction and from
569:
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403:
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secret detention and torture center, and alleged that Astiz was in charge of her interrogation. She was never again seen alive.
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and murdered in the ESMA during those years. GT 3.3.2 was involved in some of the 8,961 deaths and other crimes documented by a
743:
1987). Since the identification of Duquet's body, France has been seeking extradition of Astiz on charges of murdering Duquet.
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149:
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of 1976â1983. The school was adapted as a secret detention and torture center for political prisoners. As many as 5,000
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landed near Grytviken on 2 April. More Argentine marines arrived over the following days, and there was an
426:
383:
203:
440:, and two other founders of the Mothers of the Plaza in August 2005. Domon's remains have not been found.
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organizations, was implicated in the December 1977 kidnapping of twelve human rights activists, including
353:"setting her free is out of the question. We must not give in to public opinion. We must appear strong."
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164:
806:), which claims this, MendĂa asked the Argentine Court to summon to court the former French president
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243:
116:
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1028:
UN, GENEVA CONVENTION RELATIVE TO THE TREATMENT OF PRISONERS OF WAR OF 12 AUGUST 1949, 12August 1949
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1158:"Megacausa ESMA: perpetua para Alfredo Astiz y Jorge "Tigre" Acosta por crĂmenes de lesa humanidad"
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techniques they used in the Algerian War, which included interrogation under torture. Referring to
738:
682:
480:
425:
France-Presse reported that the bodies were believed to be the two nuns and several members of the
248:
1327:
Meyer, "Liability of Prisoners of War for Offences committed prior to Capture: the Astiz Affair",
1014:
Meyer, "Liability of Prisoners of War for Offences Committed Prior to Capture: the Astiz Affair",
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In 2000 the Argentine government paid compensation to Ragnar Hagelin and his wife for their loss.
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727:
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259:
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which had been purchased by their employer in 1979. They dressed up in uniform and raised the
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In December 1977 Astiz organized the kidnapping of about a dozen people associated with the
98:
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Agence France-Presse, "LĂ©onie Duquet, missionĂĄria francesa, vĂtima do anjo louro da morte"
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641:, felt that the only course of action was to "get him off our hands as soon as possible".
8:
795:
598:
584:
523:
145:
1378:
1372:
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459:(the lizards), which carried out the first act of aggression in what developed into the
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French victims of Alfredo Astiz, Mendes-France website, 15 March 2006 (video in french)
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732:
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556:
365:, another GT332 officer, claims that Acosta ordered that Hagelin be put to death in a "
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The Independent newspaper, Fearsome dog of Falklands war is revealed, 30 December 2012
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He was a member of GT 3.3.2 (Task Group 3.3.2) based in the Naval Mechanics School (
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Astiz was arrested by Argentine police in July 2001. The Pardon Laws did not cover
629:
573:
565:
503:
379:. Dagmar's father, Ragnar Hagelin, had passed away the year before the conviction.
1088:
Sam Ferguson, "Argentina's 'Blond angel of death' convicted for role in dirty war"
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395:
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132:(born 8 November 1951) is a convicted war criminal and former Argentine military
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for the kidnapping of Duquet and Domon, and sentenced him to life imprisonment.
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319:
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with orders to evict him. They arrived on 23 March, a week before a number of
1393:
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780:
775:(OAS), an underground group which fought to subvert the French government of
716:
511:
472:
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218:
111:
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Tiempo Argentino:Rechazan pedido del represor Alfredo Astiz, 22 October 2013
1063:(Leonie Duquet, French missionary, victim of the 'Blond Angel of Death'")],
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British government documents kept secret until released in 2012 under the
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mistakenly publicized as the commander of the garrison on South Georgia.
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For years, Astiz was protected by the Pardon Laws in 1986 and 1987 (the
587:, London; one on the left is a Chief Petty Officer, or SubOfficial 2ndo
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411:
331:
302:) after the restoration of democratic government in Argentina in 1983.
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for his role in the torture and disappearance of the two French nuns,
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752:
687:
638:
507:
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after the restoration of democratic government in Argentina in 1983.
172:
369:". Hagelin joined the ranks of the "disappeared" some time in 1977.
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It was reported at the time that Astiz mistook Dagmar Hagelin for a
510:, the main British Antarctic Survey base on South Georgia, with 22
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137:
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declared unconstitutional the amnesty laws introduced during the
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418:
299:
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184:
180:
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830:, who had signed anti-subversion decrees before Videla's 1976
947:"Argentina military junta members top officers and ministers"
278:(Task Force 3.3.2) was based in the Naval Mechanics School (
1336:
Children of Cain: Violence and the Violent in Latin America
999:
690:
in the mid-1990s. In 1998 he told the Argentine magazine
579:
779:, and having escaped to Argentina after the March 1962
1314:
The Flight: Confessions of an Argentine Dirty Warrior.
1296:
El Infiltrado: La Verdadera Historia de Alfredo Astiz.
34:
El Ăngel Rubio de la Muerte (The Blond Angel of Death)
1440:
Argentine people convicted of crimes against humanity
604:
The United Kingdom Government had chosen to read the
361:, a detainee enslaved and regularly raped by Captain
1379:"Facing trial in Argentina to escape French justice"
930:"Argentina 'Angel of Death' Alfredo Astiz convicted"
1104:
Disparitions: un ancien agent français mis en cause
649:On 16 March 1990 Astiz was convicted and sentenced
296:
National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons
1465:Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by France
1435:Argentine prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
1415:Argentine military personnel of the Falklands War
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1083:
1081:
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963:
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959:
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814:, the former French ambassador to Buenos Aires
583:CPO2 and parachuters insignia displayed in the
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804:Les escadrons de la mort â l'Ă©cole française
763:Charges of French intelligence participation
1349:"Argentina's 'Angel of Death' Is Arrested"
448:Astiz commanded a special team of fifteen
970:, BBC, 2 July 2001, accessed 13 June 2013
1329:International Comparative Law Quarterly,
1094:, 27 October 2011, accessed 12 June 2013
1016:International Comparative Law Quarterly,
968:"Argentine 'dirty war' officer arrested"
578:
570:International Committee of the Red Cross
498:'s ice patrol ship, was dispatched from
1369:, PĂĄgina/12, 5 September 2005 (Spanish)
924:
922:
305:
1392:
1298:Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana.
1152:
1132:âImpartĂ Ăłrdenes que fueron cumplidasâ
996:"Argentina: identifican desaparecida"
1460:People convicted of murder by France
1425:Argentine people convicted of murder
1334:Rosenberg, Tina. "The Good Sailor,"
1249:
919:
846:
800:The Death Squads â the French School
547:Soon after the British recapture of
434:Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team
144:during the military dictatorship of
1054:
810:, the former French prime minister
759:committed during the dictatorship.
542:
13:
1285:
1179:Preso pero con cuidados especiales
989:
463:. On 19 March 1982 they landed on
436:identified the remains of Duquet,
286:during the Dirty War. About 5,000
150:Proceso de ReorganizaciĂłn Nacional
136:, intelligence officer, and naval
14:
1481:
1342:
655:to life imprisonment by a French
1338:. Penguin Books: New York, 1991.
1253:
984:Astiz döms för mordet pÄ Hagelin
850:
842:
798:'s 2003 film documentary titled
644:
443:
406:and "transferred" to be killed.
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706:in 1976, and the kidnapping of
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1445:Falklands War in South Georgia
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1008:
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635:Secretary of State for Defence
202:and two other founders of the
1:
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322:, a 17-year-old girl holding
217:At the beginning of the 1982
152:(1976â1983). He was known as
1455:People convicted in absentia
1331:Vol. 1983, pp. 949â980.
719:. Astiz was not extradited.
667:. French law allows trials,
438:Azucena Villaflor de Vicenti
427:Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo
388:Azucena Villaflor de Vicenti
384:Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo
206:, and two French nationals,
204:Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo
7:
1450:Operatives of the Dirty War
1363:"Las Visitas Desaparecidas"
270:Under Lieutenant Commander
190:Astiz, a specialist in the
154:El Ăngel Rubio de la Muerte
10:
1486:
1430:Argentine prisoners of war
783:, which ended the 1954â62
773:Organisation armée secrÚte
710:and his pregnant daughter
18:Argentine military officer
1410:Argentine anti-communists
1373:"Arrest of Alfredo Astiz"
1092:Christian Science Monitor
1050:French Penal Code, L113-7
899:Astiz was diagnosed with
894:
882:
822:and the former ministers
568:to be handed over to the
386:, including the founders
117:Invasion of South Georgia
104:
93:
89:(dishonorably discharged)
82:
74:
64:
56:
38:
30:
23:
1420:Argentine Navy personnel
912:
808:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
739:Ley de Obediencia Debida
683:Ley de Obediencia Debida
520:armed clash at Grytviken
481:British Antarctic Survey
249:Ley de Obediencia Debida
242:'s 2005 ruling that the
1109:8 February 2007 at the
1071:, accessed 10 June 2013
749:crimes against humanity
728:transition to democracy
724:Argentine Supreme Court
606:Third Geneva Convention
260:crimes against humanity
240:Argentine Supreme Court
97:Grupo de Tareas 3.3.2,
1206:2 October 2011 at the
1018:Vol. 1983, pp. 949â80.
588:
355:
1316:New York: New Press.
816:Françoise de la Gosse
751:committed during the
582:
526:and shooting down an
450:Tactical Divers Group
351:
130:Alfredo Ignacio Astiz
99:Tactical Divers Group
75:Years of service
1470:Torture in Argentina
1232:12 December 2013 at
1156:(29 November 2017).
553:Nicanor Costa MĂ©ndez
522:. After damaging an
390:and two others. The
343:Jorge Eduardo Acosta
306:Intelligence officer
272:Jorge Eduardo Acosta
262:on 26 October 2011.
796:Marie Monique Robin
599:Sussex Constabulary
585:Imperial War Museum
318:On 27 January 1977
290:were interrogated,
288:political prisoners
185:national commission
179:were interrogated,
177:political prisoners
146:Jorge Rafael Videla
1265:. You can help by
1186:, 14 October 2006
1140:, 2 February 2007
1119:, 6 February 2007
986:, 29 November 2017
936:. 27 October 2011.
862:. You can help by
792:counter-insurgency
733:Ley de Punto Final
704:Angela Maria Aieta
677:Ley de Punto Final
589:
557:Geneva Conventions
479:in full view of a
255:Ley de Punto Final
140:who served in the
1310:Horacio Verbitsky
1283:
1282:
1214:, 16 August 2009
1067:, 29 August 2005,
1002:, 29 August 2005
901:pancreatic cancer
880:
879:
836:Obediencia Debida
777:Charles de Gaulle
769:Luis MarĂa MendĂa
708:Giovanni Pegoraro
615:international law
528:Aerospatiale Puma
524:Argentine frigate
516:Argentine Marines
223:international law
200:Azucena Villaflor
127:
126:
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25:Alfredo Astiz
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1274:January 2016
1271:
1267:adding to it
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1246:Bibliography
1237:(in Spanish)
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1161:. Retrieved
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820:Isabel PerĂłn
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657:Assize Court
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592:Repatriation
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457:los lagartos
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377:Jorge Acosta
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367:death flight
359:Inés Carazzo
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284:Buenos Aires
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266:Naval career
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169:Buenos Aires
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156:(the "Blond
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105:Battles/wars
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1400:1951 births
1359:3 July 2001
1163:30 November
1121:(in French)
832:coup d'Ă©tat
767:Along with
736:, 1986 and
669:in absentia
661:Alice Domon
652:in absentia
610:extradition
400:Alice Domon
392:non-violent
244:Pardon Laws
232:in absentia
212:Alice Domon
171:during the
148:during the
31:Nickname(s)
1394:Categories
908:References
692:Trespuntos
496:Royal Navy
412:Montoneros
238:After the
57:Allegiance
45:1951-11-08
1184:PĂĄgina/12
1137:PĂĄgina/12
1116:Le Figaro
949:, Yendor]
753:Dirty War
688:Bariloche
639:John Nott
508:Grytviken
504:Falklands
491:Endurance
489:HMS
455:, dubbed
332:Montonero
173:Dirty War
134:commander
87:Commander
78:1970â1995
60:Argentina
1367:Uki Goñi
1353:Uki Goñi
1312:. 1996.
1294:. 1996.
1292:Uki Goñi
1230:Archived
1204:Archived
1107:Archived
934:BBC News
416:Peronist
292:tortured
276:GT 3.3.2
181:tortured
138:commando
65:Service/
502:on the
500:Stanley
483:party.
453:frogmen
419:leftist
347:GT3.3.2
324:Swedish
300:CONADEP
1320:
1302:
1212:Perfil
1154:ClarĂn
895:Health
883:Family
494:, the
274:, the
67:branch
1381:, BBC
1375:, BBC
913:Notes
282:) in
227:court
167:) in
1318:ISBN
1300:ISBN
1165:2017
826:and
680:and
663:and
414:, a
404:ESMA
398:and
336:ESMA
280:ESMA
252:and
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165:ESMA
94:Unit
83:Rank
39:Born
1269:.
1000:BBC
866:.
506:to
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