848:
26:
994:, is considered by some to be the earliest institution of higher learning with some of the characteristics we associate today with a university (research and teaching, auto-administration, academic independence, et cetera). If a university is defined as "an institution of higher learning" then it is preceded by several others, including the Academy that it was founded to compete with and eventually replaced. If the original meaning of the word is considered "a corporation of students" then this could be the first example of such an institution. The
298:
944:
959:
3123:
385:, as well as in medieval Tibetan texts. However, unlike Takshila and Nalanda, the ruins of Pushpagiri were not discovered until 1995, when a lecturer from a local college first stumbled upon the site. The task of excavating Pushpagiri's ruins, stretching over 58 hectares (143 acres) of land, was undertaken by the Odisha Institute of Maritime and South East Asian Studies between 1996 and 2006. It is now being carried out by the
413:, was an early Buddhist centre of learning. According to scattered references that were only fixed a millennium later, it may have dated back to at least the fifth century BCE. Some scholars date Takshashila's existence back to the sixth century BCE. The school consisted of several monasteries without large dormitories or lecture halls where the religious instruction was most likely still provided on an individualistic basis.
352:
3133:
3112:
373:, India. As of 2007, the ruins of this Mahavihara had not yet been fully excavated. Consequently, much of the Mahavihara's history remains unknown. Of the three Mahavihara campuses, Lalitgiri in the district of Cuttack is the oldest. Iconographic analysis indicates that Lalitgiri had already been established during the
543:
Vikramashila was one of the largest
Buddhist universities, with more than one hundred teachers and about one thousand students. It produced eminent scholars who were often invited by foreign countries to spread Buddhist learning, culture and religion. The most distinguished and eminent among all was
330:
Evidence in literature suggests that in 1193, Nalanda mahavihara was sacked by
Bakhtiyar Khilji. The Persian historian Minhaj-i-Siraj, in his chronicle the Tabaqat-i-Nasiri, reported an attack on a Buddhist monastery in which all the Buddhist monks were killed. This may have been Nalanda but others
1045:
In addition to these episcopal schools, there were monastic schools which educated monks and nuns, as well as future bishops, at a more advanced level. Around the turn of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, some of them developed into autonomous universities. A notable example is when the
1749:
Sanderson, Alexis. "The Ćaiva Age: The Rise and
Dominance of Ćaivism during the Early Medieval Period." In: Genesis and Development of Tantrism, edited by Shingo Einoo. Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo, 2009. Institute of Oriental Culture Special Series, 23, pp.
878:
started a school which identified itself with Plato's
Academy. That school lasted until 529, when it was closed following an edict from the Emperor Justinian prohibiting pagans from teaching. The Academy was also emulated during the Renaissance by the
829:
kings and continued its scholarly activities up to four centuries after Islam came to Iran. It was an important medical centre of the sixth and seventh centuries and a prominent example of higher education model in pre-Islam Iran. When the
427:
It became a noted centre of learning at least several centuries BCE, and continued to attract students until the destruction of the city in the fifth century CE. Takshashila is perhaps best known because of its association with
1041:
in 527. These early episcopal schools, with a focus on an apprenticeship in religious learning under a scholarly bishop, have been identified in Spain and in about twenty towns in Gaul during the sixth and seventh centuries.
986:, founded as an institution of higher learning in 425, educated graduates to take on posts of authority in the imperial service or within the Church. It was reorganized as a corporation of students in 849 by the regent
49:
were developed in many cultures to provide institutional frameworks for scholarly activities. These ancient centres were sponsored and overseen by courts; by religious institutions, which sponsored
327:, and survived until circa 1200 CE. It was devoted to Buddhist studies, but it also trained students in fine arts, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, politics and the art of war.
1514:
874:, lasted until 86 BCE, when it was destroyed during Sulla's siege and sacking of Athens. Some 400 years later, during the fourth century CE, the Platonist philosopher
1449:
Scott, David (May 1995). "Buddhism and Islam: Past to
Present Encounters and Interfaith Lessons". p. 141. Digital object identifier:10.1163/1568527952598657
2275:
2057:
Constantinides, C. N. (2003). "Rhetoric in
Byzantium: Papers from the Thirty-Fifth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies". In Jeffreys, Elizabeth (ed.).
1117:
1067:
951:
78:
19:
1785:
1485:
276:
168:
61:; by scientific institutions, such as museums, hospitals, and observatories; and by respective scholars. They are to be distinguished from the
1538:
1817:
1858:
697:. It was intermittently inherited by succeeding Chinese dynasties up until the Qing dynasty, in some of which the name was changed to
3030:
2670:
2582:
1458:
André Wink (2002). Al-Hind: The Slave Kings and the
Islamic conquest, 11thâ13th centuries. BRILL. pp. 146â148. ISBN 0-391-04174-6.
834:
in Athens was closed in 529, some of its pagan scholars went to
Gundishahpur, although they returned within a year to Byzantium.
1521:
2618:
2154:
2130:
1899:
1734:
1706:
1640:
1612:
1585:
1244:
280:
905:
The reputation of the Greek institutions was such that at least four central modern educational terms derive from them: the
1413:
377:
period of the second century BCE, making it one of the oldest
Buddhist establishments in the world. The Chinese traveller
2623:
2041:
1680:
2201:
2066:
2013:
1274:
1223:
1194:
1177:
1139:
3136:
3045:
1071:
971:
963:
160:
established a madraza in 859 CE, which eventually became the organization of higher learning, the currently named
730:
2628:
386:
1264:
1047:
717:
or
Academies of Classical Learning were private learning institutions established during the medieval Chinese
3157:
3040:
1499:
530:
2387:
1328:
983:
1792:
2173:
1546:
880:
161:
1419:
2921:
2316:
1059:
930:
898:
gymnasium in Athens. The school also ceased in 86 BC during the famine, siege and sacking of Athens by
2326:
2229:
577:
25:
1237:
A History of the University in Europe: Universities in the middle ages / ed. Hilde de Ridder-Symoens
2648:
2564:
2336:
1307:"The Meaning, Idea And History Of University/Higher Education In Africa: A Brief Literature Review"
549:
3096:
2716:
2683:
2462:
1051:
995:
810:
99:
50:
447:) by Chanakya, is said to have been composed in Takshashila itself. Chanakya (or Kautilya), the
2926:
2504:
2457:
1396:
1003:
822:
216:
3126:
2763:
2600:
2509:
2497:
2194:
1889:
1130:
Furley, David (2003a), "Peripatetic School", in Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony (eds.),
1074:(founded in 1224) are is the world's oldest state-funded university in continuous operation.
1063:
1055:
999:
947:
200:
179:
126:
1575:
1560:
2936:
2931:
2790:
2775:
2743:
2728:
2711:
2590:
2577:
2472:
2331:
2321:
1866:
585:
514:
2123:
The First Universities: Studium Generale and the Origins of University Education in Europe
1425:
1355:"Ancient centers of higher learning: A bias in the comparative history of the university?"
1164:
Lynch, J. (1997), "Lyceum", in Zeyl, Donald J.; Devereux, Daniel; Mitsis, Phillip (eds.),
661:
8:
3008:
2951:
2482:
2477:
2414:
2298:
1266:
A History of African Higher Education from Antiquity to the Present: A Critical Synthesis
1088:
621:
581:
517:(783 to 820) in response to a supposed decline in the quality of scholarship at Nalanda.
452:
141:
203:, which began as the Mosque of Sankore, served as an organization of higher learning in
3021:
2991:
2956:
2890:
2706:
2638:
2529:
2402:
2377:
2346:
1376:
1187:
Education and Culture in the Barbarian West: From the Sixth through the Eighth Century.
1038:
914:
895:
891:
875:
847:
710:
536:
Vikramashila is known to us mainly through Tibetan sources, especially the writings of
522:
336:
1839:
1631:
Scharfe, Hartmut; Bronkhorst, Johannes; Spuler, Bertold; AltenmĂŒller, Hartwig (2002).
2961:
2941:
2795:
2785:
2748:
2643:
2452:
2424:
2306:
2257:
2220:
2150:
2126:
2062:
2037:
2009:
1895:
1730:
1702:
1636:
1608:
1581:
1493:
1380:
1270:
1240:
1219:
1190:
1173:
1166:
1135:
1010:
706:
366:
359:
355:
256:
208:
183:
114:
271:, included schools that were some of the primary institutions of higher learning in
58:
3071:
3003:
2986:
2946:
2900:
2846:
2831:
2809:
2780:
2655:
2434:
2419:
2371:
2242:
2187:
1366:
1306:
1018:
934:
859:
831:
786:
726:
491:
268:
54:
38:
1371:
1354:
2998:
2880:
2836:
2826:
2660:
2539:
1916:
1760:
1684:
1602:
1469:
1026:
938:
297:
157:
144:, which was established in 970 CE, served as an organization of higher learning.
103:
70:
1216:
The Origins of the University: The Schools of Paris and Their Critics, 1100â1215
943:
552:
traditions of Tibetan Buddhism. Subjects like philosophy, grammar, metaphysics,
3116:
3035:
2905:
2721:
2613:
2595:
2572:
2467:
2366:
2341:
2287:
1107:
967:
806:
782:
754:
665:
613:
609:
537:
487:
390:
1033:. The earliest evidence of a European episcopal school is that established in
978:, Italy is the world's oldest state-funded university in continuous operation.
958:
750:
3151:
3066:
2895:
2821:
2733:
2534:
2382:
2311:
2282:
2270:
1148:
790:
722:
641:
617:
448:
374:
320:
272:
62:
1152:
862:(sometimes referred to as the University of Athens), founded ca. 387 BCE in
236:, the Axumite imperial church served as an organization of higher learning.
3061:
2753:
2738:
2678:
2544:
2392:
2361:
2265:
2247:
1677:
1099:
1062:. Italian universities are among the oldest universities in the world; the
798:
734:
718:
645:
553:
502:
436:
417:
212:
153:
505:
was one of the two most important centres of learning in India during the
2665:
2351:
1103:
1022:
991:
694:
593:
540:, the Tibetan monk historian of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
506:
2885:
2492:
1539:"ASI hope for hill heritage â Conservation set to start at Orissa site"
1034:
657:
625:
601:
597:
569:
483:
332:
251:
233:
130:
74:
66:
169:
University_of_al-Qarawiyyin § Status_as_world's_oldest_university
2608:
2237:
2008:(in Italian). Vol. 4. Torino: UTET. 7 August 1981. p. 122.
1093:
887:
794:
702:
669:
605:
556:
etc. were taught here, but the most important branch of learning was
456:
444:
421:
466:
Generally, a student entered Takshashila at the age of sixteen. The
3091:
2841:
2487:
1112:
1083:
826:
802:
698:
637:
557:
479:
440:
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429:
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378:
204:
122:
118:
1957:
1932:
1630:
2856:
2851:
2447:
2442:
1600:
1014:
906:
714:
633:
629:
510:
475:
471:
460:
351:
316:
301:
292:
264:
260:
30:
1561:"Archaeological Survey of India takes over Orissa Buddhist site"
2356:
2210:
2179:
1488:. February 2005. Archived from the original on 21 October 2007.
1030:
987:
975:
918:
910:
883:, whose members saw themselves as following Plato's tradition.
867:
863:
778:
774:
770:
690:
589:
545:
518:
402:
370:
340:
2059:
Teachers and students of rhetoric in the late Byzantine period
1633:
Handbuch Der Orientalistik: India. Education in ancient India
899:
871:
766:
746:
686:
649:
573:
526:
467:
324:
309:
305:
137:
34:
1818:"Telhara University's ruins older than Nalanda, Vikramshila"
69:, an autonomous organization of scholars that originated in
1329:"The role of learning institutions in Ptolemaic Alexandria"
107:
825:
was established in the third century CE under the rule of
793:
was founded by in 1398 to offer prayers and memorials to
854:, a painting from the 1880s by Gustav Adolph Spangenberg
1234:
757:
was founded in the ninth century and restored in 1432.
2174:
Ancient Buddhist Monastic Establishments in Bangladesh
2000:
1998:
1416:," Garten, Jeffrey E. New York Times, 9 December 2006.
1316:. FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education.
1218:, (Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1985) pp. 4â5
713:
are regarded as the replacement of Taixue. By 725 CE,
393:
inscriptions also mention about this learning center.
1577:
Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Orissa: Text
470:
and the Eighteen Arts, which included skills such as
102:
established an organization of higher learning â the
1914:
1887:
1649:
1189:
Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1978.
232:
In the fourth century CE, amid the reign of Emperor
1995:
1594:
1573:
1118:
List of oldest universities in continuous operation
797:and his disciples, and to promote the study of the
369:was established in the third century CE as present
79:
list of oldest universities in continuous operation
20:
List of oldest universities in continuous operation
2149:. Cornell University Press. 1957. pp. 12â16.
1727:Ancient Indian Education: Brahmanical and Buddhist
1545:. Calcutta, India. 29 January 2007. Archived from
1165:
950:, established in 1088 AD in Italy, is the world's
2036:(in Italian). Mario Adda Editore. pp. 9â10.
781:were private institutions established during the
416:Takshashila is described in some detail in later
110:, which means the "House of Life" â in 2000 BCE.
3149:
186:, served as an organization of higher learning.
2125:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 130â31.
1512:
813:, a private Western-style university, in 1946.
2056:
2027:
2025:
129:served as organizations of higher learning in
2195:
1786:"TELHARA (NALANDA) EXCAVATION A Brief Report"
1729:. Motilal Banarsidass Pub. pp. 478â489.
1626:
1624:
1567:
1467:
1406:
1392:
1390:
1601:Pratapaditya Pal; Marg Publications (2001).
1050:grew out of the schools associated with the
381:(Hiuen Tsang), who visited it in 639 CE, as
2061:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 39â53.
2034:Storia dello Studium di Napoli in etĂ sveva
2031:
2022:
1720:
1718:
1403:, Sixth, Varanasi: Nand Kishore & Bros.
1002:were the two major literary schools of the
319:was established in the fifth century CE in
2202:
2188:
1753:
1621:
1426:OpEd in New York Times: Nalanda University
1387:
1269:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 44.
1461:
1370:
1320:
1134:(3rd ed.), Oxford University Press,
952:oldest university in continuous operation
729:) founded in 976 CE, which is one of the
73:and has been adopted in other regions in
2120:
2050:
1724:
1715:
1696:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1029:, chiefly dedicated to the education of
957:
942:
846:
689:, the ancient imperial academy known as
580:in Bihar (probably older than Nalanda),
350:
296:
24:
1982:
1701:. Motilal Banarsidass Pub. p. 17.
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1258:
1256:
1129:
513:. Vikramashila was established by King
304:, ancient center of higher learning in
207:. The Mosque of Sankore, the Mosque of
3150:
1352:
1326:
482:lore, were taught, in addition to its
215:constitute what is referred to as the
2183:
1990:
1986:
1471:Indian culture and cult of JagannÄtha
1339:
1262:
1163:
1147:
182:, which was established in 732 CE as
3132:
2982:Ancient higher-learning institutions
1894:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 50.
1283:
1253:
1168:Encyclopedia of Classical Philosophy
1157:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
709:(Imperial University of Peking) and
529:. It was destroyed by the forces of
47:ancient higher-learning institutions
1962:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1937:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1580:. Abhinav Publications. p. 4.
924:
894:, the students of which met at the
842:
525:, is sometimes listed as a notable
275:. The Salai in South India such as
113:In the third century BCE, amid the
13:
1856:
1840:"Introduction of Hunan University"
886:Around 335 BCE, Plato's successor
18:For the list of institutions, see
14:
3169:
2167:
1699:Chandragupta Maurya And His Times
1513:H. K. Mohapatra (December 2004).
1359:Educational Philosophy and Theory
1314:Institution of Education Sciences
1304:
816:
3131:
3122:
3121:
3110:
2209:
1791:. yac.bih.nic.in. Archived from
1335:. Western Washington University.
1235:Hilde de Ridder-Symoens (1994).
1072:University of Naples Federico II
972:University of Naples Federico II
244:
2139:
2114:
2101:
2088:
2075:
1975:
1950:
1925:
1908:
1881:
1865:. jazirehdanesh. Archived from
1850:
1832:
1810:
1778:
1743:
1690:
1671:
1662:
1553:
1531:
1506:
1478:
1452:
1443:
1430:
1132:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
497:
199:In the twelfth century CE, the
89:
1761:"Excavated Remains at Nalanda"
1333:WWU Graduate School Collection
1228:
1208:
1066:(founded in 1088) notably, is
789:and a preparatory school. The
785:which combined functions of a
387:Archaeological Survey of India
222:
189:
1:
1915:Howard Eugene Wilson (1939).
1888:Ellwood P. Cubberley (2004).
1820:. firstpost. 14 December 2014
1725:Mookerji, Radhakumud (1990).
1697:Mookerji, Radhakumud (1966).
1372:10.1080/00131857.2018.1553490
1123:
1009:In Western Europe during the
531:Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji
424:around the fifth century CE.
346:
2388:University technical college
2032:Delle Donne, Fulvio (2010).
1765:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
1574:Thomas E. Donaldson (2001).
984:University of Constantinople
675:
548:Dipankara, a founder of the
249:Major Buddhist monasteries (
7:
1687:. EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica.
1515:"Great Heritages of Orissa"
1353:Peters, Michael A. (2019).
1077:
1056:Monastery of Ste. GeneviĂšve
881:Florentine Platonic Academy
731:four ancient famous Shuyuan
405:or Takshashila, in ancient
227:
162:University of al-Qarawiyyin
10:
3174:
2317:College-preparatory school
1918:Harvard Educational Review
1401:Education in Ancient India
1305:Alemu, Sintayehu Kassaye.
1155:, in Craig, Edward (ed.),
931:Byzantine higher education
928:
809:(992). It was reopened as
801:. It was the successor to
290:
286:
173:
166:
147:
17:
3105:
3084:
3054:
3017:
2977:
2970:
2914:
2873:
2817:
2808:
2771:
2762:
2702:
2695:
2557:
2522:
2433:
2410:
2401:
2327:Comprehensive high school
2297:
2256:
2228:
2218:
1985:, p. 1141; 335 BCE:
1498:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1438:The Buddha and the Sahibs
837:
396:
283:served the same purpose.
84:
2684:State-integrated school
2558:By funding / eligibility
2337:Continuation high school
2176:(archived 9 August 2003)
2147:The rise of universities
1891:The History of Education
1655:"History of Education",
1263:Lulat, Y. G.-M. (2005).
1201:
1039:Second Council of Toledo
777:was established in 682.
760:
740:
680:
568:Further centres include
563:
94:
3097:Educational institution
2717:Anarchistic free school
2463:Institute of technology
2121:Pedersen, Olaf (1997).
1989:, p. 311; 334 BC:
1683:10 January 2008 at the
1657:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1397:Altekar, Anant Sadashiv
1327:Cunningham, Jeffrey J.
1052:Cathedral of Notre Dame
996:Preslav Literary School
962:Established in 1224 by
811:Sungkyunkwan University
773:was founded in 372 and
753:was founded in 671 and
733:(Academies) during the
693:was established by the
339:was launched in nearby
239:
194:
2927:Compensatory education
2679:State or public school
2505:Upper division college
1468:Binayak Misra (1986).
1004:First Bulgarian Empire
979:
955:
855:
823:Academy of Gondishapur
362:
335:. In 2014 the modern
313:
217:University of Timbuktu
42:
33:(1st c. BC) depicting
2583:Comprehensive school
2510:Vocational university
2109:Education and Culture
2096:Education and Culture
2083:Education and Culture
1921:. Harvard University.
1607:. Marg Publications.
1214:Stephen C. Ferruolo,
1064:University of Bologna
1000:Ohrid Literary School
961:
946:
870:, by the philosopher
850:
443:for The knowledge of
354:
300:
201:University of Sankore
180:Ez-Zitouna University
127:Library of Alexandria
28:
3158:Ancient universities
3046:in the United States
2937:Continuing education
2932:Compulsory education
2776:Free school movement
2744:Single-sex education
2729:International school
2712:Democratic education
2591:For-profit education
2578:Community day school
2473:Liberal arts college
2332:Comprehensive school
2322:Collegiate institute
1958:"Plato: The Academy"
1933:"Plato: The Academy"
1859:"University in Iran"
1486:"Orissa's treasures"
586:Jagaddala Mahavihara
576:(circa 550 â 1040),
383:Puphagiri Mahavihara
255:), notably those at
211:, and the Mosque of
3055:Informal or illegal
3009:Medieval university
2952:Inclusive education
2922:College preparatory
2483:Residential college
2478:Research university
2415:Professional school
2290:/ Elementary school
1563:. 17 November 2006.
1549:on 4 February 2013.
1172:, Greenwood Press,
1089:Medieval university
1068:the oldest one ever
1060:Abbey of St. Victor
1048:University of Paris
966:during his rule as
622:Somapura Mahavihara
582:Somapura Mahavihara
463:studied at Taxila.
281:Parthivapuram Salai
3117:Schools portal
3022:indigenous peoples
3019:Schools imposed on
2957:Remedial education
2891:Distance education
2707:Alternative school
2696:By style / purpose
2671:Specialist school
2530:All-through school
2378:Sixth form college
980:
956:
948:Bologna University
892:Peripatetic school
876:Plutarch of Athens
856:
852:Aristotle's School
711:Nanjing University
420:tales, written in
363:
337:Nalanda University
314:
43:
3145:
3144:
3080:
3079:
2962:Special education
2942:Further education
2869:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2804:
2803:
2791:Montessori school
2786:Laboratory school
2749:Specialist school
2687:
2674:
2619:UK private school
2604:
2586:
2568:
2553:
2552:
2518:
2517:
2453:Community college
2425:Vocational school
2307:Adult high school
2221:educational stage
2156:978-0-8014-9015-6
2132:978-0-521-59431-8
1901:978-1-4191-6605-1
1736:978-81-208-0423-4
1708:978-81-208-0405-0
1642:978-90-04-12556-8
1614:978-81-85026-51-0
1587:978-81-7017-406-6
1527:on 10 April 2009.
1414:Really Old School
1365:(11): 1063â1072.
1246:978-0-521-36105-7
1019:cathedral schools
1011:Early Middle Ages
707:Peking University
662:Abhayagiri VihÄra
356:Udayagiri, Odisha
277:Kanthalloor Salai
184:Al-Zaytuna Mosque
115:Ptolemaic dynasty
100:Ancient Egyptians
51:cathedral schools
3165:
3135:
3134:
3125:
3124:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3004:Cathedral school
2987:Platonic Academy
2975:
2974:
2947:Gifted education
2901:Prison education
2847:Parochial school
2832:Christian school
2815:
2814:
2781:Folk high school
2769:
2768:
2700:
2699:
2685:
2673:(United Kingdom)
2672:
2656:Selective school
2602:
2584:
2566:
2420:Technical school
2408:
2407:
2372:Secondary school
2276:Global influence
2243:Pre-kindergarten
2226:
2225:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2161:
2160:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2118:
2112:
2105:
2099:
2092:
2086:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2002:
1993:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1869:on 25 March 2016
1854:
1848:
1847:
1844:Hunan University
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1797:
1790:
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1757:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1694:
1688:
1675:
1669:
1668:Marshall 1975:81
1666:
1660:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1604:Orissa revisited
1598:
1592:
1591:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1520:. Archived from
1519:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1489:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1474:. Punthi Pustak.
1465:
1459:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1441:
1436:Allen, Charles.
1434:
1428:
1423:
1417:
1410:
1404:
1394:
1385:
1384:
1374:
1350:
1337:
1336:
1324:
1318:
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1311:
1302:
1281:
1280:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1232:
1226:
1212:
1182:
1171:
1160:
1144:
1027:monastic schools
935:Cathedral school
925:Christian Europe
860:Platonic Academy
843:Classical Greece
832:Platonic Academy
787:Confucian shrine
727:Hunan University
492:military science
490:, and school of
312:from 427 to 1197
55:monastic schools
3173:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3111:
3109:
3101:
3076:
3050:
3041:in South Africa
3024:
3020:
3013:
2999:Monastic school
2966:
2910:
2881:Boarding school
2861:
2837:Female seminary
2827:Catholic school
2800:
2758:
2691:
2661:Separate school
2549:
2540:One-room school
2514:
2458:Graduate school
2429:
2397:
2293:
2252:
2230:Early childhood
2214:
2208:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2119:
2115:
2106:
2102:
2093:
2089:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2006:Storia d'Italia
2004:
2003:
1996:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1886:
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1855:
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1833:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1798:on 28 June 2014
1795:
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1759:
1758:
1754:
1748:
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1695:
1691:
1685:Wayback Machine
1676:
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1635:. p. 141.
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1303:
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1261:
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1247:
1233:
1229:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1185:Riché, Pierre.
1180:
1142:
1126:
1080:
941:
939:Monastic school
927:
845:
840:
819:
799:Confucian canon
763:
743:
683:
678:
566:
521:, the renowned
500:
399:
349:
331:believe it was
295:
289:
247:
242:
230:
225:
197:
192:
176:
171:
158:Fatima al-Fihri
150:
97:
92:
87:
71:medieval Europe
23:
12:
11:
5:
3171:
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3160:
3143:
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3139:
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3119:
3106:
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3102:
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3099:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3085:Related topics
3082:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3072:in South Tyrol
3069:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3036:in New Zealand
3033:
3027:
3025:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2989:
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2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2906:Virtual school
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2870:
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2863:
2862:
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2834:
2829:
2824:
2818:
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2806:
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2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2796:Waldorf school
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
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2722:Sudbury school
2719:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2681:
2676:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2616:
2614:Private school
2611:
2606:
2598:
2596:Free education
2593:
2588:
2580:
2575:
2573:Charter school
2570:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2526:
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2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2502:
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2500:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2468:Junior college
2465:
2460:
2455:
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2439:
2437:
2431:
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2422:
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2369:
2367:Minor seminary
2364:
2359:
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2349:
2344:
2342:Grammar school
2339:
2334:
2329:
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2319:
2314:
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2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
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2288:Primary school
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2168:External links
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817:Ancient Persia
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807:Goryeo dynasty
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725:(later become
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666:Jetavanaramaya
614:Andhra Pradesh
610:Nagarjunakonda
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488:medical school
409:, present-day
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391:Nagarjunakonda
365:The school in
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2822:Bible college
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2734:Magnet school
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2718:
2715:
2714:
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2710:
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2705:
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2686:(New Zealand)
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2535:Middle school
2533:
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2383:Studio school
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2374:/ High school
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2312:Cadet college
2310:
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2302:
2300:
2296:
2289:
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2283:Junior school
2281:
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2271:Infant school
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2110:
2104:
2098:, pp. 282â90.
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2068:0-7546-3453-1
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2015:88-02-03568-7
2011:
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1543:The Telegraph
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723:Yuelu Academy
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618:Sharada Peeth
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583:
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541:
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533:around 1200.
532:
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432:. The famous
431:
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2545:Ranch school
2393:Upper school
2362:Maths school
2266:First school
2248:Kindergarten
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3062:in Ireland
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1124:References
1108:University
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1017:sponsored
929:See also:
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626:Bangladesh
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598:Tamil Nadu
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515:Dharmapala
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360:Pushpagiri
347:Pushpagiri
333:Odantapuri
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234:Ella Amida
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3067:in Greece
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3152:Category
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2488:Seminary
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1981:336 BC:
1681:Archived
1678:Kautilya
1494:cite web
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1151:(2003),
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1100:Academia
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