142:
3718:
213:
168:
53:
141:
3152:
17:
4136:
3788:
197:
4146:
3707:
4131:
3793:
3535:
3499:
3260:
4087:
3142:
4141:
3837:
3827:
3819:
3809:
3700:
3659:
3629:
4126:
3130:
334:
44:
3600:
3721:
3693:
4068:
3903:
3908:
3181:
2989:
2330:
2180:
1882:
1713:
1546:
1403:
1278:
1093:
3974:
3933:
3918:
99:
3923:
276:. After 1967, the member of parliament was elected by adult franchise. The first elected member of parliament was
3886:
269:
254:
126:
3219:"Second Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile - SINGH, SHRI LACHMAN, Cong., (Andaman and Nicobar Islands—Nominated—1957)"
3240:"Third Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile - NIRANJAN LALL, SHRI, Cong., (Nominated—Andaman and Nicobar Islands—1962)"
3949:
3198:"First Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile - RICHARDSON, RT. REV. JOHN (Andaman and Nicobar Islands—Nominated—1952)"
2428:
3759:
3741:
3733:
3663:
3633:
3607:
3578:
3542:
3506:
3477:
3448:
3419:
3390:
3361:
3332:
3303:
3267:
2880:
2778:
2632:
2534:
2257:
2107:
1956:
1787:
1640:
1495:
1352:
1207:
1042:
917:
774:
621:
285:
265:
258:
187:
3571:
3147:
3913:
3725:
2884:
1860:
280:. He is the only elected member from this constituency to serve as a minister at the central government.
250:
83:
3546:
3510:
3470:
3412:
3383:
3354:
3325:
3271:
4073:
4025:
3896:
3768:
3750:
3685:
3296:
90:
3928:
3772:
3441:
3239:
3218:
700:
3197:
3107:
2945:
2850:
2715:
2662:
2490:
2405:
2308:
2227:
2136:
2084:
2029:
2007:
1930:
1816:
1761:
1669:
1614:
1524:
1469:
1381:
1326:
1236:
1181:
1113:
1071:
1016:
968:
946:
891:
843:
823:
803:
748:
680:
651:
577:
523:
394:
221:
4040:
3979:
3891:
3763:
3100:
3012:
2913:
2857:
2694:
2606:
2458:
2398:
2286:
2234:
2158:
2077:
1985:
1838:
1691:
1566:
602:
545:
501:
176:
103:
3143:
2019 Andaman & Nicobar islands Lok Sabha
Constituency Election Results and Candidates List
293:
4048:
4017:
2350:
316:
253:. It covers the entire union territory. Andaman and Nicobar Island has been voting for its
8:
3754:
3667:
3637:
2757:
3717:
3084:
2950:
2669:
2495:
2313:
1865:
570:
273:
207:
3177:
3035:
2799:
2555:
2141:
2012:
1821:
1674:
1529:
1386:
1241:
1076:
951:
516:
419:
281:
212:
3984:
3112:
2862:
2614:
2410:
2239:
2089:
1938:
1769:
1622:
1477:
1334:
1189:
1024:
899:
756:
95:
4030:
3870:
3865:
2920:
2736:
2513:
2465:
2291:
2163:
1990:
1843:
1696:
1571:
595:
538:
494:
289:
246:
154:
78:
3954:
584:
562:
552:
530:
508:
486:
476:
466:
456:
133:
167:
4120:
4102:
4089:
3842:
3068:
2832:
2588:
2381:
2211:
2060:
1913:
1744:
1599:
1452:
1309:
1164:
999:
874:
731:
446:
436:
426:
411:
401:
379:
372:
364:
354:
346:
326:
238:
3832:
3572:"Statistical report on general elections, 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha"
3536:"Statistical report on general elections, 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha"
1133:
387:
277:
272:
representing this territory was not elected, but directly appointed by the
242:
3153:
Andaman and
Nicobar lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule
2903:
2652:
2448:
2277:
2127:
1976:
1807:
1660:
1515:
1372:
1227:
1062:
937:
794:
641:
3471:"Statistical report on general elections, 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha"
3715:
3601:"Election Commission of India, General Elections, 2009 (15th Lok Sabha)"
3500:"Statistical report on general elections, 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha"
3355:"Statistical report on general elections, 1980 to the Seventh Lok Sabha"
4000:
3384:"Statistical report on general elections, 1984 to the Eighth Lok Sabha"
3261:"Statistical report on general elections, 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha"
3442:"Statistical report on general elections, 1991 to the Tenth Lok Sabha"
3413:"Statistical report on general elections, 1989 to the Ninth Lok Sabha"
3326:"Statistical report on general elections, 1977 to the Sixth Lok Sabha"
3297:"Statistical report on general elections, 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha"
3660:"Parliamentary Constituency wise Turnout for General Election - 2014"
307:
284:
has won 8 times from this constituency. As of the latest election in
234:
391:
542:
1258:
3745:
3174:
Andaman and
Nicobar Islands: Development and Decentralization
71:
574:
520:
52:
4137:
1950s establishments in the
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
599:
498:
27:
3794:
Andaman and
Nicobar Islands (Lok Sabha constituency)
18:
Andaman and
Nicobar Islands (Lok Sabha constituency)
288:, the current MP representing this constituency is
3148:Andaman and Nicobar Islands Lok Sabha Seat Results
1423:Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha
231:Andaman and Nicobar Islands Lok Sabha constituency
57:Location of Andaman & Nicobar Islands in India
4118:
3701:
4147:Elections in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
4132:Politics of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
3708:
3694:
51:
338:
2874:
2626:
2422:
2251:
2101:
1950:
1781:
1634:
1489:
1346:
1201:
1036:
911:
768:
615:
299:
3131:List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha
14:
4119:
3171:
3689:
3083:
3067:
2890:
2831:
2639:
2587:
2435:
2380:
2264:
2210:
2114:
2059:
1963:
1912:
1794:
1743:
1647:
1598:
1502:
1451:
1359:
1308:
1214:
1163:
1049:
998:
924:
873:
781:
730:
628:
544:
393:
3904:Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park
3232:
3211:
3190:
610:
24:
4142:Constituencies established in 1952
3909:Middle Button Island National Park
3176:. Mittal Publication. p. 45.
3165:
25:
4158:
3934:South Button Island National Park
3919:North Button Island National Park
3630:"Constituencywise-All Candidates"
3136:
3924:Rani Jhansi Marine National Park
3716:
2635:: Andaman & Nicobar Islands
2431:: Andaman & Nicobar Islands
211:
166:
140:
4127:Constituencies of the Lok Sabha
3887:Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve
3652:
3622:
3593:
3564:
3528:
3492:
3463:
3434:
3405:
3376:
3347:
3318:
3289:
3253:
2260:: Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2110:: Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1959:: Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1790:: Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1643:: Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1498:: Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1355:: Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1210:: Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1045:: Andaman and Nicobar Islands
920:: Andaman and Nicobar Islands
777:: Andaman and Nicobar Islands
624:: Andaman and Nicobar Islands
13:
1:
3545:. p. 262. Archived from
3509:. p. 266. Archived from
3270:. p. 186. Archived from
3158:
2881:2024 Indian general election
2258:2009 Indian general election
2108:2004 Indian general election
1957:1999 Indian general election
1788:1998 Indian general election
1641:1996 Indian general election
1496:1991 Indian general election
1353:1989 Indian general election
1208:1984 Indian general election
1043:1980 Indian general election
918:1977 Indian general election
775:1971 Indian general election
622:1967 Indian general election
259:1967 Indian general election
35:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
7:
3914:Mount Harriet National Park
3726:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
3124:
2885:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
251:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
84:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
10:
4163:
4074:Car Nicobar Air Force Base
3897:Campbell Bay National Park
4061:
4039:
4016:
4009:
3993:
3967:
3942:
3929:Saddle Peak National Park
3879:
3858:
3851:
3818:
3802:
3781:
3732:
3172:Murthy, R. V. R. (2005).
3099:
3053:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2849:
2817:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2605:
2573:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2397:
2367:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2226:
2197:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2076:
2046:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1929:
1899:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1760:
1730:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1613:
1585:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1468:
1438:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1325:
1295:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1180:
1150:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1015:
985:
936:
933:
930:
927:
890:
860:
793:
790:
787:
784:
747:
717:
640:
637:
634:
631:
601:
576:
537:
522:
500:
418:
386:
358:
320:
203:
193:
183:
162:
148:
139:
132:
125:
117:
109:
89:
77:
67:
62:
50:
43:
34:
3975:North and Middle Andaman
848:Ramesh Chandra Muzumdar
578:Indian National Congress
524:Indian National Congress
395:Indian National Congress
100:North and Middle Andaman
2633:General elections, 2019
3892:Galathea National Park
2720:Paritosh Kumar Haldar
2429:General Election, 2014
603:Bharatiya Janata Party
546:Bharatiya Janata Party
502:Bharatiya Janata Party
321:Political Affiliation
45:Lok Sabha constituency
2875:General Election 2024
2627:General Election 2019
2423:General Election 2014
2252:General Election 2009
2102:General Election 2004
1951:General Election 1999
1782:General Election 1998
1635:General Election 1996
1490:General Election 1991
1347:General Election 1989
1202:General Election 1984
1037:General Election 1980
912:General Election 1977
769:General Election 1971
616:General Election 1967
300:Members of Parliament
294:Bhartiya Janata Party
266:1967 general election
270:Member of Parliament
255:Member of Parliament
127:Member of Parliament
63:Constituency details
4099: /
3838:Japanese Occupation
3789:Lieutenant governor
3755:Andaman wood pigeon
3085:Registered electors
2887:
2636:
2432:
2335:Tapan Kumar Bepari
2261:
2185:Tapan Kumar Bepari
2111:
1960:
1887:Tapan Kumar Bepari
1791:
1718:Tapan Kumar Bepari
1644:
1499:
1356:
1211:
1046:
921:
778:
625:
4069:Port Blair Airport
3764:Queen Crepe Myrtle
3040:None of the above
2951:Kuldeep Rai Sharma
2879:
2818:Margin of victory
2804:None of the Above
2670:Kuldeep Rai Sharma
2631:
2574:Margin of victory
2560:None of the Above
2496:Kuldeep Rai Sharma
2427:
2368:Margin of victory
2314:Kuldeep Rai Sharma
2256:
2198:Margin of victory
2106:
2047:Margin of victory
1955:
1900:Margin of victory
1866:Kuldeep Rai Sharma
1786:
1731:Margin of victory
1639:
1586:Margin of victory
1494:
1439:Margin of victory
1351:
1296:Margin of victory
1206:
1151:Margin of victory
1041:
986:Margin of victory
916:
861:Margin of victory
773:
718:Margin of victory
620:
571:Kuldeep Rai Sharma
274:President of India
208:Kuldeep Rai Sharma
4082:
4081:
4057:
4056:
3963:
3962:
3122:
3121:
2872:
2871:
2800:None of the Above
2624:
2623:
2420:
2419:
2249:
2248:
2142:Manoranjan Bhakta
2099:
2098:
2013:Manoranjan Bhakta
1948:
1947:
1822:Manoranjan Bhakta
1779:
1778:
1675:Manoranjan Bhakta
1632:
1631:
1530:Manoranjan Bhakta
1487:
1486:
1387:Manoranjan Bhakta
1344:
1343:
1242:Manoranjan Bhakta
1199:
1198:
1077:Manoranjan Bhakta
1034:
1033:
952:Manoranjan Bhakta
909:
908:
766:
765:
608:
607:
517:Manoranjan Bhakta
420:Manoranjan Bhakta
282:Manoranjan Bhakta
228:
227:
16:(Redirected from
4154:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4026:Great Andamanese
4014:
4013:
3856:
3855:
3720:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3687:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3666:. Archived from
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3636:. Archived from
3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3605:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3576:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3551:
3540:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3515:
3504:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3475:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3446:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3417:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3388:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3359:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3330:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3301:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3276:
3265:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3169:
3017:V.K. Abdul Aziz
2905:
2888:
2878:
2654:
2637:
2630:
2518:Sanjay Meschack
2450:
2433:
2426:
2279:
2262:
2255:
2129:
2112:
2105:
1978:
1961:
1954:
1809:
1792:
1785:
1662:
1645:
1638:
1517:
1500:
1493:
1374:
1357:
1350:
1229:
1212:
1205:
1138:Samar Choudhary
1098:P. K. S. Prasad
1064:
1047:
1040:
939:
922:
915:
828:P. K. S. Prasad
796:
779:
772:
685:P. K. S. Prasad
643:
626:
619:
611:Election results
359:Nominated - INC
304:
303:
224:
219:
215:
179:
174:
170:
144:
55:
39:
32:
31:
21:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4117:
4116:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4078:
4053:
4035:
4005:
3989:
3959:
3938:
3875:
3871:Nicobar Islands
3866:Andaman Islands
3847:
3814:
3798:
3777:
3773:Andaman Redwood
3728:
3722:Union territory
3714:
3684:
3683:
3673:
3671:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3643:
3641:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3613:
3611:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3584:
3582:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3552:on 18 July 2014
3549:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3519:
3517:
3516:on 18 July 2014
3513:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3481:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3454:
3452:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3423:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3396:
3394:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3367:
3365:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3309:
3307:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3277:on 18 July 2014
3274:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3139:
3127:
2921:Bishnu Pada Ray
2877:
2741:Sanjay Meshack
2629:
2466:Bishnu Pada Ray
2425:
2355:P. R. Ganeshan
2292:Bishnu Pada Ray
2254:
2164:Bishnu Pada Ray
2104:
1991:Bishnu Pada Ray
1953:
1844:Bishnu Pada Ray
1784:
1697:Bishnu Pada Ray
1637:
1572:Bishnu Pada Ray
1492:
1349:
1204:
1039:
914:
771:
618:
613:
596:Bishnu Pada Ray
539:Bishnu Pada Ray
495:Bishnu Pada Ray
335:John Richardson
302:
290:Bishnu Pada Ray
247:Union Territory
217:
216:
210:
172:
171:
158:
155:Bishnu Pada Ray
79:Union Territory
58:
37:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4160:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4045:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4022:
4020:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3955:Mount Thullier
3952:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3785:
3783:
3782:Administration
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3766:
3757:
3748:
3738:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3713:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3690:
3682:
3681:
3670:on 25 May 2014
3651:
3640:on 17 May 2014
3621:
3592:
3563:
3527:
3491:
3462:
3433:
3404:
3375:
3346:
3317:
3288:
3252:
3231:
3210:
3189:
3183:978-8183240499
3182:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3138:
3137:External links
3135:
3134:
3133:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3110:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2860:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2612:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2408:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1767:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1620:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1475:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1426:K. Kandaswamy
1424:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1332:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1263:K. Kandaswamy
1261:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1118:K. Kandaswamy
1116:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1002:
996:
995:
993:
990:
987:
983:
982:
980:
977:
974:
971:
966:
963:
962:
960:
957:
954:
949:
944:
941:
940:
935:
932:
929:
926:
913:
910:
907:
906:
904:
902:
897:
889:
886:
885:
883:
880:
877:
871:
870:
868:
865:
862:
858:
857:
855:
852:
849:
846:
841:
838:
837:
835:
832:
829:
826:
821:
818:
817:
815:
812:
809:
806:
801:
798:
797:
792:
789:
786:
783:
770:
767:
764:
763:
761:
759:
754:
746:
743:
742:
740:
737:
734:
728:
727:
725:
722:
719:
715:
714:
712:
709:
706:
705:K. Kandaswamy
703:
698:
695:
694:
692:
689:
686:
683:
678:
675:
674:
670:
665:
660:
655:
648:
645:
644:
639:
636:
633:
630:
617:
614:
612:
609:
606:
605:
600:
598:
593:
587:
581:
580:
575:
573:
568:
565:
559:
558:
555:
549:
548:
543:
541:
536:
533:
527:
526:
521:
519:
514:
511:
505:
504:
499:
497:
492:
489:
483:
482:
479:
473:
472:
469:
463:
462:
459:
453:
452:
449:
443:
442:
439:
433:
432:
429:
423:
422:
417:
414:
408:
407:
404:
398:
397:
392:
390:
385:
382:
376:
375:
370:
367:
361:
360:
357:
352:
349:
343:
342:
339:
337:
332:
329:
323:
322:
319:
313:
310:
301:
298:
226:
225:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
164:
160:
159:
152:
146:
145:
137:
136:
134:18th Lok Sabha
130:
129:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
93:
87:
86:
81:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
41:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4159:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4115:
4112:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4041:Austroasiatic
4038:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4008:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3980:South Andaman
3978:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:Island groups
3857:
3854:
3850:
3844:
3843:Cellular Jail
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3734:State symbols
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3711:
3706:
3704:
3699:
3697:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3610:. p. 192
3609:
3602:
3596:
3581:. p. 356
3580:
3573:
3567:
3548:
3544:
3537:
3531:
3512:
3508:
3501:
3495:
3480:. p. 485
3479:
3472:
3466:
3451:. p. 315
3450:
3443:
3437:
3422:. p. 293
3421:
3414:
3408:
3393:. p. 244
3392:
3385:
3379:
3364:. p. 245
3363:
3356:
3350:
3335:. p. 201
3334:
3327:
3321:
3306:. p. 201
3305:
3298:
3292:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3256:
3241:
3235:
3220:
3214:
3199:
3193:
3185:
3179:
3175:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2762:Prakash Minj
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2699:Vishal Jolly
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2638:
2634:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2539:Anita Mondal
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2434:
2430:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2263:
2259:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2113:
2109:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2034:Agapil Kujur
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1962:
1958:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1793:
1789:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1646:
1642:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1551:Tapan Bepari
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1501:
1497:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1408:Tapan Bepari
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1358:
1354:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1213:
1209:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1048:
1044:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1001:
997:
994:
991:
988:
984:
981:
978:
975:
973:K. R. Ganesh
972:
970:
967:
965:
964:
961:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
942:
923:
919:
905:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
888:
887:
884:
881:
878:
876:
872:
869:
866:
863:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
799:
780:
776:
762:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
745:
744:
741:
738:
735:
733:
729:
726:
723:
720:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
676:
673:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
653:
649:
647:
646:
627:
623:
604:
597:
594:
592:
588:
586:
583:
582:
579:
572:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
556:
554:
551:
550:
547:
540:
534:
532:
529:
528:
525:
518:
515:
512:
510:
507:
506:
503:
496:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
480:
478:
475:
474:
470:
468:
465:
464:
460:
458:
455:
454:
450:
448:
445:
444:
440:
438:
435:
434:
430:
428:
425:
424:
421:
415:
413:
410:
409:
405:
403:
400:
399:
396:
389:
383:
381:
378:
377:
374:
373:Niranjan Lall
371:
368:
366:
363:
362:
356:
355:Lachman Singh
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
340:
336:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
318:
314:
311:
309:
306:
305:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:Parliamentary
236:
232:
223:
214:
209:
206:
202:
199:
196:
192:
189:
186:
182:
178:
169:
165:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
143:
138:
135:
131:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
105:
104:South Andaman
101:
97:
94:
92:
88:
85:
82:
80:
76:
73:
70:
66:
61:
54:
49:
46:
42:
33:
30:
19:
4084:
3833:Danish India
3672:. Retrieved
3668:the original
3654:
3642:. Retrieved
3638:the original
3624:
3612:. Retrieved
3595:
3583:. Retrieved
3566:
3554:. Retrieved
3547:the original
3530:
3518:. Retrieved
3511:the original
3494:
3482:. Retrieved
3465:
3453:. Retrieved
3436:
3424:. Retrieved
3407:
3395:. Retrieved
3378:
3366:. Retrieved
3349:
3337:. Retrieved
3320:
3308:. Retrieved
3291:
3279:. Retrieved
3272:the original
3255:
3243:. Retrieved
3234:
3222:. Retrieved
3213:
3201:. Retrieved
3192:
3173:
3167:
3103:
3026:
3003:
2994:D. Ayyappan
2980:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2853:
2783:Ayan Mandal
2685:
2680:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2609:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2401:
2230:
2080:
1933:
1764:
1617:
1472:
1329:
1184:
1019:
894:
751:
672:
667:
662:
658:K.R. Ganesh
657:
650:
590:
388:K. R. Ganesh
278:K. R. Ganesh
263:
243:constituency
233:is the only
230:
229:
194:Elected year
153:
149:
29:
4106: /
3950:Saddle Peak
3245:23 November
3224:23 November
3203:23 November
2971:Manoj Paul
2716:Independent
2030:Independent
1283:Nilima Das
1114:Independent
969:Independent
844:Independent
824:Independent
808:K R Ganesh
681:Independent
563:Seventeenth
204:Preceded by
118:Reservation
110:Established
4121:Categories
4049:Nicobarese
4018:Andamanese
4001:Port Blair
3159:References
2894:Candidate
2643:Candidate
2439:Candidate
2268:Candidate
2118:Candidate
1967:Candidate
1798:Candidate
1651:Candidate
1506:Candidate
1363:Candidate
1218:Candidate
1053:Candidate
928:Candidate
785:Candidate
632:Candidate
585:Eighteenth
509:Fourteenth
487:Thirteenth
341:Nominated
264:Until the
4103:10°N 93°E
4062:Transport
4010:Languages
3968:Districts
3852:Geography
3054:Majority
2593:1,90,328
2386:1,70,103
2216:1,53,825
2065:1,47,102
1918:1,47,698
1749:1,30,918
591:Incumbent
567:2019-2024
553:Sixteenth
531:Fifteenth
308:Lok Sabha
235:Lok Sabha
150:Incumbent
3125:See also
3089:315,148
3073:202,514
2927:102,436
2837:207,296
1457:115,403
557:2014-19
481:1998-99
471:1996-98
467:Eleventh
461:1991-96
451:1989-91
441:1984-89
431:1980-84
406:1971-77
351:1957-62
331:1952-57
315:Name of
312:Duration
184:Alliance
91:District
3994:Capital
3985:Nicobar
3880:Forests
3828:History
3820:History
3810:Tourism
3069:Turnout
3063:+11.36
3057:23,996
2955:78,040
2833:Turnout
2702:93,901
2676:95,308
2589:Turnout
2500:83,157
2472:90,969
2382:Turnout
2318:72,221
2296:75,211
2212:Turnout
2201:30,500
2168:55,294
2146:85,794
2061:Turnout
2050:13,947
2017:62,944
1995:76,891
1914:Turnout
1870:29,687
1848:51,821
1826:52,365
1745:Turnout
1734:43,545
1721:18,363
1701:31,097
1679:74,642
1600:Turnout
1554:47,374
1534:54,075
1453:Turnout
1442:18,914
1429:19,172
1411:34,469
1391:53,383
1314:91,093
1310:Turnout
1299:19,136
1286:11,086
1266:27,883
1246:47,019
1169:81,146
1165:Turnout
1154:26,032
1121:15,856
1101:16,014
1081:42,046
1004:60,590
1000:Turnout
989:10,232
976:25,168
956:35,400
879:44,531
875:Turnout
864:17,333
831:10,040
811:27,373
736:36,924
732:Turnout
721:10,040
663:19,310
535:2009-14
513:2004-09
491:1999-04
477:Twelfth
427:Seventh
416:1977-80
384:1967-71
369:1962-67
292:of the
245:in the
96:Nicobar
68:Country
4108:10; 93
3803:Topics
3760:Flower
3746:Dugong
3742:Animal
3674:30 May
3644:17 May
3614:30 May
3585:30 May
3556:30 May
3520:30 May
3484:30 May
3455:30 May
3426:30 May
3397:30 May
3368:30 May
3339:30 May
3310:30 May
3281:30 May
3180:
3079:−0.95
3076:64.26
3060:12.04
3049:+0.21
3043:1,809
3020:2,203
2997:6,017
2990:CPI(M)
2974:8,254
2961:−7.44
2958:38.54
2937:+5.28
2932:50.58
2897:Votes
2891:Party
2843:−5.45
2840:65.21
2827:−3.43
2821:1,407
2807:1,412
2786:1,721
2765:2,486
2750:−0.56
2744:2,839
2729:+2.58
2723:5,341
2708:−2.50
2705:45.30
2686:+2.29
2681:45.98
2646:Votes
2640:Party
2599:+6.50
2596:70.66
2583:+2.36
2577:7,812
2563:1,564
2542:2,283
2521:3,737
2506:+1.23
2503:43.69
2482:+3.59
2477:47.80
2442:Votes
2436:Party
2389:64.16
2371:2,990
2358:4,916
2338:7,190
2331:CPI(M)
2321:42.46
2299:44.21
2271:Votes
2265:Party
2204:19.82
2188:4,175
2181:CPI(M)
2171:35.95
2149:55.77
2121:Votes
2115:Party
2068:59.46
2037:4,805
2020:43.17
1998:52.74
1970:Votes
1964:Party
1921:63.66
1890:8,272
1883:CPI(M)
1873:20.36
1851:35.53
1829:35.91
1801:Votes
1795:Party
1752:61.98
1737:33.97
1724:14.32
1714:CPI(M)
1704:24.25
1682:58.22
1654:Votes
1648:Party
1589:6,701
1576:5,208
1557:44.14
1547:CPI(M)
1537:50.39
1509:Votes
1503:Party
1460:71.71
1445:16.72
1432:16.96
1414:30.49
1404:CPI(M)
1394:47.21
1366:Votes
1360:Party
1317:78.82
1302:21.51
1289:12.46
1279:CPI(M)
1269:31.34
1249:52.85
1221:Votes
1215:Party
1172:84.45
1157:32.99
1141:2,034
1124:20.10
1104:20.30
1094:CPI(M)
1084:53.29
1056:Votes
1050:Party
1007:71.02
992:16.90
979:41.55
959:58.45
931:Votes
925:Party
882:70.55
867:38.93
854:10.83
851:4,820
834:22.55
814:61.48
788:Votes
782:Party
739:78.45
724:27.33
711:13.32
708:4,891
691:25.24
688:9,270
668:52.57
635:Votes
629:Party
437:Eighth
380:Fourth
347:Second
268:, the
257:since
220:
218:
175:
173:
4031:Ongan
3943:Peaks
3604:(PDF)
3575:(PDF)
3550:(PDF)
3539:(PDF)
3514:(PDF)
3503:(PDF)
3474:(PDF)
3445:(PDF)
3416:(PDF)
3387:(PDF)
3358:(PDF)
3329:(PDF)
3300:(PDF)
3275:(PDF)
3264:(PDF)
3113:Swing
3106:from
3046:0.89
3023:1.09
3000:2.97
2977:4.08
2968:ANDC
2863:Swing
2856:from
2824:0.68
2810:0.68
2789:0.83
2768:1.20
2747:1.37
2726:2.58
2615:Swing
2580:4.11
2566:0.82
2545:1.20
2524:1.96
2411:Swing
2404:from
2374:1.75
2361:2.86
2341:4.22
2240:Swing
2233:from
2191:2.71
2090:Swing
2083:from
2053:9.57
2040:3.30
1939:Swing
1906:0.38
1893:5.67
1861:IC(S)
1770:Swing
1623:Swing
1592:6.25
1579:4.85
1478:Swing
1335:Swing
1190:Swing
1144:2.58
1025:Swing
900:Swing
757:Swing
589:2024-
457:Tenth
447:Ninth
412:Sixth
402:Fifth
365:Third
327:First
163:Party
72:India
4094:93°E
4091:10°N
3769:Tree
3751:Bird
3676:2014
3646:2014
3616:2014
3587:2014
3558:2014
3522:2014
3486:2014
3457:2014
3428:2014
3399:2014
3370:2014
3341:2014
3312:2014
3283:2014
3247:2017
3226:2017
3205:2017
3178:ISBN
3104:gain
3036:NOTA
2854:gain
2813:N/A
2792:N/A
2779:AITC
2771:N/A
2610:hold
2569:N/A
2556:NOTA
2548:N/A
2535:AITC
2527:N/A
2402:gain
2231:gain
2081:gain
1934:hold
1903:544
1765:hold
1618:hold
1473:hold
1330:hold
1185:hold
1020:hold
895:hold
752:hold
317:M.P.
286:2024
198:2024
121:None
113:1952
38:AN-1
3724:of
3664:ECI
3634:ECI
3608:ECI
3579:ECI
3543:ECI
3507:ECI
3478:ECI
3449:ECI
3420:ECI
3391:ECI
3362:ECI
3333:ECI
3304:ECI
3268:ECI
3108:INC
3101:BJP
3027:N/A
3013:IND
3004:N/A
2981:New
2946:INC
2914:BJP
2858:BJP
2851:INC
2758:BSP
2737:AAP
2695:BJP
2663:INC
2607:BJP
2514:AAP
2491:INC
2459:BJP
2406:INC
2399:BJP
2351:RJD
2309:INC
2287:BJP
2235:BJP
2228:INC
2159:BJP
2137:INC
2085:INC
2078:BJP
2008:INC
1986:BJP
1931:INC
1839:BJP
1817:INC
1762:INC
1692:BJP
1670:INC
1615:INC
1567:BJP
1525:INC
1470:INC
1382:INC
1327:INC
1259:LKD
1237:INC
1182:INC
1072:INC
1017:INC
947:INC
892:INC
804:INC
749:INC
701:DMK
652:INC
249:of
222:INC
188:NDA
177:BJP
4123::
3771::
3762::
3753::
3744::
3662:.
3632:.
3606:.
3577:.
3541:.
3505:.
3476:.
3447:.
3418:.
3389:.
3360:.
3331:.
3302:.
3266:.
2904:±%
2900:%
2883::
2653:±%
2649:%
2449:±%
2445:%
2278:±%
2274:%
2128:±%
2124:%
1977:±%
1973:%
1808:±%
1804:%
1661:±%
1657:%
1516:±%
1512:%
1373:±%
1369:%
1228:±%
1224:%
1134:JP
1063:±%
1059:%
938:±%
934:%
795:±%
791:%
642:±%
638:%
296:.
261:.
241:)
102:,
98:,
3709:e
3702:t
3695:v
3678:.
3648:.
3618:.
3589:.
3560:.
3524:.
3488:.
3459:.
3430:.
3401:.
3372:.
3343:.
3314:.
3285:.
3249:.
3228:.
3207:.
3186:.
237:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
