Ashtamudi Lake - Knowledge

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converge at about 300 meters to form the Kallada River. The river reaches the coast at an altitude of 0-10 meters before emptying into Ashtamudi Lake. From the east, the estuary comprises eight arms: Thevally, Kureepuzha, Kandachira, Thekkumbhagam, Peruman, Kanjirottu, Kallada, and Kumbaluthu, giving it the name "Ashtamudi" which means "eight-coned." The estuary also encompasses four major islands: Munroturuttu, Thekkumbhagam, Trikkaruva, and Trikakkadavur. With a maximum depth of 21 ft (6.4 m) at the confluence, it is Kerala's deepest estuary. Ashtamudi Estuary exhibits a shallow characteristic, with an average depth of 1.8 meters and a maximum depth of 9 meters. The central area of the estuary typically ranges in depth from 1 to 2 meters, featuring a deep, funnel-shaped depression along its eastern margins.

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sewage from households and establishments, said a report submitted by the board on the ecological condition of the Ashtamudi Lake before the National Green Tribunal on August 17, 2022. A survey conducted by the Kerala State Pollution Control Board (PCB) revealed that Ashtamudi Lake is facing pollution stress caused by various factors, such as solid waste dumping and sewage discharge. With numerous drainage channels from households and businesses flowing into the lake, local authorities have been directed to implement urgent remedial actions.Garbage covers many areas, including Link Road, Pullikada, Thoppil Kadav, and Manichithodu. The area opposite the KSRTC bus stand in the city center is heavily littered with various types of waste.

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benefit is assessed at Rs.1.5 million (using the standard travel cost method). But this is reported to be showing a downward trend, particularly in fish resources in the estuary. This evaluation provides an insight into the economic importance of conserving Ashtamudi estuary. Ferry services, both public and private, are operational in various parts of the estuary. Local fishermen utilize Chinese fishing nets, known as 'Cheenavala' in Malayalam, which are a common sight along the waterway. The lake, along with Quilon Town on its banks and Neendakara Port at the confluence point, serves as transportation hubs for the state's trade and commerce, particularly in the cashew trading and processing industry and marine products industry.

527:, Kerala's largest natural freshwater lake, which is now listed as a Ramsar site, was believed to have been part of Ashtamudi Lake approximately 10,000 years ago but became disconnected around 7,000 years ago. Currently, Sasthamkotta Lake has eight creeks (Ashtamudi). Two other creeks of the lake were disconnected during a similar process in the early Holocene period, namely Chittumala Lake and Cherupola Lake. During the disconnection period, the creek that later formed Sasthamcotta Lake had the upper estuary salinity of the then Ashtamudi Lake. It is estimated that it took at least 1,000 years for the disconnected water body to completely lose its salinity. 417: 515:

kayalvaram, Tholukadavu, Malibhagam, Thundivila kadavu, Njaramoodu, Ammavankodi, Koppanveettil Puthuval, Thekkum bhagam, Thuduvila kadavu , Panakottil shertraputhuval, Kandalathuputhuval, Ponnayathuputhuval, Guhanadhapuram, Kacheri Kadavu, Kadanmoola, Panamottilkadavu, Azhakathukadavu, Kulangaraveli, Valathil, Nadakavupalliputhuval, Munnapathu kadavu, Munnapathu North, Puttuvila, Pavamba west, Mukundapuram, Melampallikadavu, Pallikadavu, Karattil kadavu, Pannamoottil kadavu, Puthanthura, Delavapuram Old Bridge, Marryland panchayathukadavu, Neelaswaram Kadavu, Neendakara, Vadakumbhagam

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Kuppana Erakkukadavu, Poovanthazham Temple, Chandakadavu, Vanvila, Oalikara, Thekkechirayil, Kanjaveli, Pochayil Kayalvaram, Challikkuzhi Kayalvaram, Gosthalakavu Kayalvaram, Kollante Kayalvaram, Panavila, Mukkekadavu, Pallikkadavu, Prakkulam, Sambranikodi, Neendakara, Sakthikulangara, Kallumpurathukadavu, Kaikkara Kadavu, Kallayyathu Kadavu, Kinattummoottil Kadavu, Mukkad Kadavu, Mukkad Pallikadavu, Kaniyan Kadavu, Aravila, Kavanad, Mamoottilkadavu North, Mamoottilkadavu, Kureepuzha, Kollam, Erattakadavu, Manalilkadavu, Kollam, Kaithavaram, Thoppilkadavu, Njanakshethram

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coconut and other fruit trees. Subsequently, in the nineteenth century, the British expanded the expanse of Quilon by establishing an army garrison and extending markets in the area. Railway links were established with Thirunelveli in 1904 and with Trivandrum in 1918, as documented by Menon (1964). Furthermore, the establishment of roads and a railway link between Kollam and Ernakulam via Munroe Island in 1958 eventually led to the fragmentation of the Ashtamudi estuary into two parts, particularly isolating the Karali marshes.

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extensively exploited, contributing significantly to the region's mineral output. Kollam District is responsible for producing 36% of the state's crude clay and 43.5% of its processed clay, which collectively account for 9.08% of India's total China Clay production. The coastal side of the basin exposes the Guruvayur Formation from the quaternary period, characterized by a sand-silt-clay admixture of marine origin.

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contributing 48% of the total rainfall. Temperature typically ranges between 22-33°C. Evaporation rates peak during January (207 mm) and reach a minimum in July (89 mm). Relative humidity varies from 63% in January to 87% in June-July. Wind speeds range from 1.3 to 2.1 km/hour, with higher speeds observed during March-June and lower speeds during September-December.

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Vellimon Kadavu, Nadeelaveettil puthuval, Kodiyil Kayalvaram, Chamakkadu, Road Kadavu, Chamakadavu, Thottumugamkadavu, Karuli Kadavu, Mampuzha Kadavu, Kuzhiyam, Pulikuzhi, Edakkara, Edakkara , Njaravila, Manchadimula Kadavu, Kaithakodi, Vellimon Resort Palace, Elavakuzhi, Karapoika Kadavu, Road Kadavu, Perumon Kadavu, Perumon Lake, Chemmakkadu Palli Kadavu

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hundreds of households within the estuary shore community. A variety of tourism packages are available, connecting all the backwater cities of Kerala, including Kollam, Alappuzha, Kumarakam, Kottayam, and Kochi. Houseboats typically follow a specific navigation path, starting from the Kollam KSWTD boat jetty via National Waterway 3 to Munroe Island.

1205:. More than 20,000 waterfowl visit Ashtamudi Lake annually. Additionally, the lake serves as a nursery ground for commercially important shrimp species that are harvested off the Kollam coast. The zooplankton fauna in Ashtamudi Lake primarily comprises Copepoda, fish larvae, Oligochaeta, fish eggs, Ostracoda, Polychaeta, Coelenterata, and Rotifer. 1264:

In terms of percentage distribution, Perciformes is the most dominant order, constituting 52.87% of the total fish species, followed by Clupeiformes (13.79%), Mugiliformes (6.89%), Cypriniformes and Siluriformes (4.59% each), Pleuronectiformes, Beloniformes, and Tetradontiformes (3.45% each), and the

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The lake supports 57 species of avifauna, of which 6 are migratory and 51 resident species. It is also reported that about 40 species of wetland-dependent birds are recorded in the lake, out of which 45% are long-distance migrants. Terns, plovers, cormorants, and herons are most abundant birds in the

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and upland crops, it has aggravated the salinity ingress into the wetland and the river due to reduced outflows during summer months. 88% of the inflow contributed by Kallada and 12% through rainfall. During peak monsoon, the inundation of the Ashtamudi Estuary reaches 5,700 hectares, with a maximum

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Government has carried out a study with the objective of evolving a management plan for sustainable management of the estuary for ecosystem development. The shores of the lake are home to important species of rare birds and animals. Any decisions made concerning the Ashtamudi Estuary's resources and

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An analysis of the water quality of the lake from 2019 to 2021 under the State Water Quality Monitoring Programme revealed that the maximum total coliform count, indicating faecal contamination, was in the range of 540 MPN/100 ml to 920 MPN/100 ml. A major contributor to the pollution of the lake is

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Ashtamudi yields an annual landing of 28,611 metric tons of biomass, based on five years of catch assessments conducted at five sites. This biomass has an estimated market value of 970 million, according to market price data from 2014. The catch is composed predominantly of clams, accounting for 83%

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The commissioning of the Kallada Dam has resulted in a significant reduction in freshwater inflow into the estuary. This, coupled with decreasing rainfall and rising sea levels, has led to a increase in salinity levels. However, the decline in water quality within the estuary has been notable due to

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The Perumon Disaster was a catastrophic railway accident that occurred on July 8, 1988, near Perumon in the Kollam district of Kerala, India. The accident involved the derailment of the Island Express train, which was traveling from Bangalore to Thiruvananthapuram, while it was crossing the Perumon

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Littoral drift, which involves the movement of sediments in near-shore zones by waves and currents, significantly influences the shaping and orientation of coastal landforms and the overall evolution of the coast. The Neendakara inlet serves as a confluence zone between the sea and the estuary. The

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at Peringalam (Koivilai) located to the west of Munroe Island. The Kallada River has a length of 121 km and a catchment area of 1,699 sq. km. The annual run-off is estimated at 2,140.8 million meter. The river's tributaries originate independently in the highlands at an altitude of 1,200 meters and

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estuary and backwaters are just 21 kilometer away from Ashtamudi. National waterway 3 (Kollam - Kottappuram) starts from the south of Ashtamudi lake over a distance of 168 km. Among the seven terminals positioned along this waterway, Ashtamudi and Kollam are situated along the estuary. Regular

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During surveys conducted in 2015, at least 25 retting units were found to be operational around Ashtamudi. The majority of these retting operations are concentrated around Trikkaruva, Thekkumbhagam, and Chavara. The coir thus retted serves as a crucial input for cottage to medium-scale industries,

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Ashtamudi Estuary remains an open system year-round, characterized by the absence of sandbar formations regardless of the season. Consequently, tidal action persists strongly throughout the year, extending even to the interior parts of the estuary. There is a net tidal exchange of 4968 m. The

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Ashtamudi Kadavu, Thottathil Kayalvaram, Sanga Kadavu, Kannadimukku, Veerabadra Temple East, Karinjapalli, Chekkalayil Puthuvel, Mangalathu East, Koolpadam, Ottaffice Kayalvaram, Mundakkal Pallikadavu, Mundakal, Perumon, Perumon Devi Temple, Vadakkepura Kadavu, Koothala puthuval, Mulluvila Kadavu,

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The study discovered microplastics in the lake's fish, shellfish, sediment, and water. The highest percentage of microplastics was found in the macrofauna, with fish containing 19.6% and shellfish 40.9%. Fibers made up 35.6% of the microplastics found in the collected samples, followed closely by

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An evaluation of the marketed use benefits of Ashtamudi estuary (valued using market valuation approach) has assessed the total direct use value at Rs.66.8 million per annum; coconut husk retting accounts for Rs.5.1 million, Inland navigation service accounts for Rs.3.7 million and the recreation

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Ashramam Biodiversity Heritage Site is the first biodiversity heritage site in the Kerala state that came up at Asramam in the banks of Ashtamudi lake. This heritage site encompasses more than 50 hectares, including the Government Guest House complex, the mangrove area, and the creek of Ashtamudi

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is reported to be 76 km of freshwater. The basin drainage area is 1,700 km (660 mi) and with an average annual rainfall of 2400 mm (94 in) it discharges 3.375 km (2,740,000 ac·ft) of flow annually. It acts as a flood storage lake thus protecting the thickly populated

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In natural conditions, high drift rates are likely to lead to the formation of shoals and bars at the mouth of the estuary, which may be periodically cut open by high-velocity river flows. With the reduction in inflows from the Kallada River, the mouth of the estuary requires periodic dredging to

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Ashtamudi Lake receives water from numerous minor streams draining from the south and east. It is connected to Paravur Kayal (Kollam Thodu) in the south and to Kayamkulam Kayal (Chavara - Panmana Thodu) in the north via canals. Other streams like manichithodu drains into the lake. The presence of

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Kottayathukadavu, Kochukottayathukadavu, Pandonni Kadavu, Kadavoor West , Mukkadayil, Thonippurakkal, Chamavila, Panamukkam, Thevadanathu Kayalvaram, Kureepuzha, Mamoottilkadavu Kureepuzha, Pathinettampadi Kadavu, Ayiravalli Temple, Aravila Kadavu, Malayante Kayalvaram, AiKadavu, Mundante Kadavu,

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Kureepuzha Kayal of Ashtamudi Estuary is often likened to the "Loch Lomond" of Kerala due to its resemblance to Loch Lomond in Britain. It is the busiest kayal in the Ashtamudi estuarine system as it is part of the National Waterway and serves as the only route to Kollam town from Neendakara. The

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Kandachira Kayal serves as the southern arm of Ashtamudi Lake, connecting three panchayats: Panayam, Thrikadavoor, and Mangadu. According to data from the Panayam Village Office, the catchment area of Kandachira Kayal is approximately 20 hectares and 10 ares. The Kayal area extends to Kandachira,

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The estuary and its drainage basin are situated in a warm, humid tropical climate. The average annual rainfall amounts to 2251.57 mm, primarily received in two distinct spells of the south-west and north-east monsoons. Rainfall during the south-west monsoon constitutes the predominant component,

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The tertiary Warkalli Formation and Quilon Formation are prominently exposed around the Ashtamudi Estuary. The Warkalli Formation consists of sandstone and clay with lignite intercalations, which overlay fossiliferous limestone and calcareous clay of the Quilon Formation. The latter formation is

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at the southern tip of Ashtamudi Lake in Kollam has been seeing a rise in tourist flow of late. This is a narrow patch of land popped up a few years ago in the Ashtamudi Lake about 350m away from the Sambranikodi coast and it became a complete isle after soil dredged for the construction of the

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Ashtamudi lake is considered as the entrance to backwaters of Kerala. According to information provided by the District Tourism Promotion Council (DTPC), the estuary hosts over 50 houseboats. The presence of these houseboats, along with associated tourism activities, supports the livelihoods of

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language. The name is indicative of the lake's topography with its multiple branches. The lake is also called the gateway to the backwaters of Kerala and is well known for its houseboat and backwater resorts. Ashtamudi Wetland was included in the list of wetlands of international importance, as

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Trends in the landing of fish, prawn, crab, and clams over the years are depicted in Figure 2.11. The finfish catch includes mullets, pearl spot, catfishes, estuarine sprat, gerrieds, Glossogobius giuris (goby), ambassids, Chanos chanos, and Caranx sp. Among shellfish, Fenneropeanaeus indicus,

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is credited with organizing the rebellion against the British from this place. During the colonial era, the Dutch Naval Commander General D’ Lanoy is believed to have ordered the reclamation of part of Ashtamudi marshes on the southern flanks, particularly in Dalawapuram, for the plantation of

534:, during his 24-year sojourn in the 14th century, is reported to have mentioned about the Quilon port as one of the five ports for Chinese trade. Links with Persia (9th century), Chinese mandarin in 1275 AD, Portuguese in 1502 AD, and the Dutch followed British in 1795 AD are recorded history. 514:

Pamba, Nadutheri, Dalavapuram, Pulimoottil kadav,Thekkumbhagam, Pallikadavu,Thekkumbhagam, Pallapil, Maalil kadavu,Prakkulam, Prakkulam Jetty, Manalil kadavu, Malayarikkal, Malayarikkal kadavu, Ashtamudi, AshtamudiVeerabadraTemple, Mootharea Kayalvaram, Paumba bridge East, Pauba Jetty, Chavudi

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The mouth of the Ashtamudi Estuary has been developed into Neendakara Harbour, which serves over 3,000 marine fishing boats and trawlers. The harbour features breakwaters extending 610 meters seaward and 380 meters leeward, creating a sheltered basin and a navigable approach for the vessels.

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The composition of the fish fauna in Ashtamudi Lake comprises a total of 87 species under 64 genera, belonging to 38 families within 14 orders. Among the recorded species, 8 are classified as highly commercial, 45 as commercial, 27 as minor commercial, and 7 have no fisheries interest.

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is reported to be very small, not more than 200. The major threats to the endangered species are reportedly draining of the wet lands and conversion into paddy fields. A total of 52 species of phytoplankton have been documented in the estuary, representing 35 families and 10 classes.

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Panayam, Kadavoor, Thrikadavoor, Anchalumood, Thevalli, Ashramam, and reaches the southern side of the KSRTC bus stand in Kollam. A significant quantity of municipal waste finds its way into the lake through the canal that traverses the southern and eastern regions of Kollam Town.

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Uliyakovil Kadavu, IInd Milestone, Kavanadu Kadavu, Mangadu Kadavu, Mangadu, Mangadu North, West of Kandachira Church, Kandachira, Road Kadavu Kandachira, Kaippana Kayalvaram, Vettuvila, Muttathumoola Kadavu, Kottilukada, Kuthirakkada, Venkekkara, KadavoorMurunthal, chirayil

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Kalladaparapu, Muttom, Thenguvila, Shingarapalli, Edachal, Pattakadavu, Manchadikadavu, Areekadavu, Mannukadavu, Arinalloor kadavu, Erunilakayal, Arinalloor pallikadavu, Cheri kadavu, KoyivilaPallikadavu, Koyivila Jetti, Kodikadavu, Mamottilkadavu, Kalladaparampu

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lake. A study report has identified 45 insect species, including 26 species of butterfly, 5 odonates, 9 hymenopteras, and 2 orthopterans, 1 hemipteran and 2 coleopterans. About 29 zooplankton species have also been identified. The water body is the habitat for

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With funds provided by the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests, revival of mangrove forests was done which is reported to be partially successful (out of 2,40,000 mangrove saplings planted over a period of two years 30,000 are reported to be surviving).

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of the total, with the remainder being fish (7%), crab (6%), and prawn (4%). In terms of market value in 2014, the catch was valued at Rs. 985 million, with clams contributing the largest share (51%), followed by crab (19%), fish (18%), and prawn (12%).

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Many fish species may have become extinct due to lack of spawning facilities on the banks of the lake due to canalization of the lake's banks by walls built of laterite and granite stones (these walls reportedly cover 80 per cent of the lake's

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providing transport access to many other towns and villages along this route. Luxury houseboats also operate on the lake. The boat journey is an 8-hour trip, winding through lakes, canals and water bound villages. Chinese fishing nets, called

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its sustainable management significance is dictated by about a million people who live on its shores and the large species of rare birds and animals which provide the equally important biodiversity to the lake's environs. The Plan envisages:

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built across the Kallada river is 85.3 m high by 35 m long (280 ft by 115 ft) with a reservoir area of 23 km (8.9 mi) with a storage volume of 0.505 km (409,000 ac·ft). Though it provides irrigation to 61630 ha for

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Kollam KSRTC Bus stand, Kollam Boatjetty, Kollam Asramam Link Road, Kollam Yathri Nivas / Tamirind, Advenger Park, Asramam West, Asramam North, Uliyajkovil, Uliyajkovil Thuruth, Thevally Fort, Thevally , Olayilkadavu, Postmortom Kadavu

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bridge over Ashtamudi Lake. The Island Express derailed while crossing the Perumon bridge, causing eight of its coaches to fall into the Ashtamudi Lake. The disaster resulted in the deaths of 105 passengers, with many others injured.

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Dwindling of the fragile lake zone due to conversion/destruction of natural habitats for development purposes (reported that the lake which had an area of 54 km according to old survey reports has shrunk to 34 km due to

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b) People dependent on coir for a livelihood used the lake to soak husks but now the Kanjiracode coir industry is non-existent due to closure of the creek resulting in migration of coir workers to other places for a living.

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A recent study has revealed the extent of microplastic pollution in Ashtamudi Lake, a Ramsar wetland in Kollam district, highlighting the necessity for ongoing monitoring and addressing "potential public health concerns."

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Hazardous heavy metals, including molybdenum, iron, and barium, were detected in the microplastics, potentially adsorbed from the surroundings. These findings pose potential risks to aquatic organisms and human beings.

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in an ideal spot where one can see the coir retting process, coir weaving, fishing, prawns feeding, migratory bird watch, narrow canals and waterways, coconut farms on the lake shore, lagoons, mangrove plants.

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Thekkumbhagom island, situated on the bank of the Ashtamudi Lake, provides the feel of rustic life of a village. The significance of this village is because the first epic poetry in the Malayalam language,

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Kanjiracode creek on the south-east end of the lake, one arm of the Ashtamudi, has suffered extinction due to the dumping of waste earth and clay into the lake by the Kerala Ceramics Limited (KCL) at

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for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands. Ashtamudi Estuary is the deepest among all the estuaries in Kerala, with a maximum depth of 6.4 meters at the confluence zone.

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fragments at 33.3% and films at 28%. "Notably, the majority of particles were in the smaller size range, suggesting their potential bioavailability to aquatic organisms," the study noted.

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Vellimon, Padappakara, Kanjaveettil Kayalvaram, Vadhyarukadavu, Pookvarical, Thottarodimunambhu, Kattilpoika, Kuthiramunambhu, Kanjirottukadavu, Manchadimoola, Kaithakodi, Vellimon Kadavu

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Muttum Kadavu, Kadathukadavu, Valathil Mannukadavu, Kumbalam, Valiya Kumbalam, Padinjareathazhaveettil Kayalvaram, Oonambalam, Oonambalam West, Peringera Valavu, Kuzhikara, Nellimukkam

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A recent study on the late Quaternary evolution of the Ashtamudi-Sasthamkotta lake systems revealed that during the early Holocene period, Ashtamudi Lake had 12 creeks (Dhwadesamudi).

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length of 10.6 km and a width of 8 km. This seasonal transition is a significant aspect of the wetland's ecological character, particularly influencing its ecological productivity.

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and boats operate to all villages located in the canals of the backwater system. The boat jetty is located at about 2 km (1.2 mi) away from the railway station. Famous

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Ashtamudi is a brackish system, so the salinity values are high. It ranges between 13-33.5 ppt. The creek areas are normally remain fresh during the monsoon and post monsoon.

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Address the declining fish stock production through concerted efforts to conserve the fish stock of the estuary in a sustainable manner and with community participation

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Metapenaeus dobsoni, Macrobachium rosenbergii, Scylla tranquebarica, S. serrata, and Portunus pelagicus are dominant species in fish landing (Harikishnan, 2015).

7393: 372:, (formerly Quilon) is an important historic port city located on the right bank of the lake. Boat cruises are operated by the Kollam Boat Club from Kollam to 7362: 7310: 937:

the continuous discharge of untreated waste from various sources, including Kollam City, tourist resorts, industrial units, slaughterhouses, and houseboats.

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was composed by the poet Azhakath Padmanabha Kurup in this village. An ancient 1000-year-old temple and a 200-year-old church are located here.

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Better sanitation, reduction of industrial growth and reduction of urban waste to ensure the maintainable water quality of the estuary.

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The lake and the life on its shores have inspired many artists and writers. It has been the subject of many poems by the renowned poet

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Along both banks of the lake and its backwater canals, coconut groves and palm trees interspersed with towns and villages are seen.

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Quilon or Kollam and inevitably Ashtamudi lake's importance is claimed to be dated to the days of the Romans and the Phoenicians.

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tidal amplitude at this location reaches a maximum of 1.12 meters, with an average of 0.5 meters according to tide-forecast.com.

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boat services to Muthiraparamb, Guhanandapuram, Ayiramthengu, Munroe Island, and Alappuzha are available from the Kollam jetty.

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The above activities have been suggested for implementation in the Vellimon Kayal, a relatively unspoiled part of the estuary.

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Neendakara port to be provided with improved sanitation facilities, enhanced boat-fuelling terminals and drainage terminals.

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network of lines connects Quilon with all important centres in the rest of the country. Ferry services operate daily to

2518:"Fish diversity of ashtamudi lake_ a ramsar site at the South west coast of India_ with reference to ecological factors" 1975: 7204: 7168: 6878: 6138: 6133: 1593:

producing ropes, mats, baskets, and wall hangings. Much of the employment in coir processing is provided to womenfolk.

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Product diversification of coir to ensure better economic returns to people with the coordination of self-help groups

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sediments and sedimentary rocks are the formations in the lake basin and environs. The Quaternary sediments are of

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Large quantities of untreated sewage, disposal of human excreta, and the pollution from paper mills, industries (

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97 species of fish (42 are typically marine, 3 estuarine, 9 estuarine-riverine, 15 marine-estuarine) and unique

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Improved shore protection through mangrove afforestation for ecosystem development on the banks of the estuary

8064: 7766: 7105: 5604: 5458: 5398: 4304: 3704: 568: 74: 559:(NH 47) passes through the lake periphery not only from Quilon but also to other locations on its bank from 8033: 7870: 7761: 7756: 7331: 7173: 6722: 6639: 6619: 6614: 6118: 6108: 5818: 5730: 5547: 4092: 4021: 3714: 3709: 3500: 459:

Kollam Corporation waste dumping yard is situated on the left bank of Kureepuzha Kayal (Mammoottilkadavu).

1690:, a state government-owned public sector unit. A university professor who has studied this aspect wonders 7991: 7901: 7792: 7751: 7315: 7120: 6858: 6818: 6788: 6682: 6409: 6359: 6209: 6148: 5489: 5418: 5383: 1873:

in the lead roles. Various poems of Thirunellur Karunakaran including Rani has the lake as centre theme.

556: 2766: 1884: 332:

and a large palm-shaped (also described as octopus-shaped) water body. It is second only in size to the

7865: 7860: 7367: 7357: 6973: 6778: 6687: 6093: 5697: 5656: 5535: 5468: 5448: 5413: 5388: 5150: 4500: 4404: 3870: 3673: 3575: 2968: 403: 395:

The lake is the source of livelihood of many people living close by. Fishing, coconut husk retting for

232: 1695:

whether the lake would have to be soon rechristened "Sapthamudi" or the lake with seven locks of hair.

1217:

The taxonomic distribution of fish species in Ashtamudi Lake reveals the following order composition:

7725: 7274: 7194: 6896: 6677: 6364: 6158: 6047: 6027: 5523: 5428: 5423: 5378: 5145: 5050: 4804: 4394: 4344: 4289: 4036: 3653: 3475: 2820: 2517: 2413: 2368: 2344: 2275: 2256: 1615:

Currently, it is estimated that nearly 25,000 tourists visit the estuary each year. The prestigious

8084: 8059: 7730: 7189: 7051: 6414: 6276: 6204: 5692: 5463: 5403: 5393: 5287: 5262: 4450: 4409: 4364: 4299: 3678: 3535: 3258: 3248: 2855: 1903: 1843: 410: 255: 416: 7735: 7295: 7219: 7143: 6968: 6873: 6334: 6219: 6143: 6113: 5725: 5312: 5186: 5004: 4713: 4026: 3819: 3495: 2983: 1584:

Three major types of fisheries are practiced in the estuary: capture, culture, and clam fishing.

8074: 7199: 7148: 6783: 6758: 6702: 6153: 6070: 5989: 5494: 5362: 5217: 4955: 4950: 4384: 4041: 3490: 2465:"Ahead of International Biodiversity Day, a peek into Kerala's only biodiversity heritage site" 2178: 977: 605:

is a major river discharging into the Ashtamudi Lake. The Kallada river, which originates near

2697: 7128: 7066: 6983: 6963: 6843: 6833: 6542: 6271: 5753: 5453: 5408: 5070: 4753: 4723: 4708: 4077: 4046: 3970: 3465: 3401: 3096: 2400: 2355: 1870: 993: 245: 2011: 1951: 388:

port at the confluence offer a means of transport for the state's trade and commerce in the

7041: 6793: 6477: 6302: 6229: 6224: 6214: 6123: 5892: 5352: 5327: 5227: 5060: 4718: 4703: 4379: 4374: 4178: 4097: 4087: 3920: 3643: 3638: 3525: 3376: 3366: 3278: 2908: 8: 8001: 7886: 7704: 7076: 7008: 6808: 6768: 6449: 6374: 5332: 5317: 5297: 5110: 5100: 5090: 5055: 4970: 4839: 4733: 4480: 4329: 4243: 4061: 3784: 3470: 3273: 3263: 2963: 2928: 2806: 1608: 1999: 1639:

The following are reported to be the reasons for deterioration of the lake environment:

1627: 6908: 6672: 6624: 6354: 5347: 5307: 5272: 5267: 5222: 5115: 5105: 4965: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4490: 4419: 4294: 4213: 4113: 4011: 3960: 3955: 3804: 3688: 3480: 3391: 3386: 3288: 3253: 3238: 3151: 3111: 3086: 3066: 2973: 2685: 2560: 2304: 2045: 1650:

Oil spills from thousands of fishing boats and from industries in the surrounding area.

560: 153: 48: 2122: 975:

as also 43 species of marshy and mangrove associates including two endangered species

630:

several islands (known as thruths) indicates a high rate of siltation in the estuary.

7797: 7787: 7538: 6948: 6798: 6763: 6712: 6659: 6537: 6482: 6424: 6389: 6326: 6199: 6194: 6075: 5841: 5277: 5191: 5075: 5065: 5035: 5025: 4975: 4758: 4662: 4606: 4546: 4314: 4208: 4031: 3975: 3940: 3658: 3622: 3598: 3530: 3381: 3303: 3233: 3202: 3182: 2893: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2753: 2745: 2720: 2666: 2632: 2230: 1797: 656: 524: 427: 381:

in Malayalam, are used by local fisherman and are a common sight along the waterway.

354: 281: 7965: 7940: 7153: 7061: 6753: 6552: 6457: 6439: 6429: 6369: 5740: 5707: 5337: 5176: 5140: 5120: 4935: 4728: 4531: 4510: 4440: 4399: 4359: 4253: 4193: 4183: 4148: 4118: 3860: 3789: 3719: 3283: 3187: 3136: 3106: 3031: 2779: 2491: 2381: 2276:"Ecology and biodiversity of ashtamudi and kureepuzha kayals of ashtamudi estuary" 1810:

visits to temples nearby and other places of cultural and archeological importance

1784:

Mining to be allowed selectively at village level, away from the banks of the lake

8023: 7960: 7685: 7654: 7563: 7502: 7336: 7018: 7013: 6988: 6958: 6813: 6727: 6576: 6507: 6487: 6379: 6295: 6176: 5357: 5257: 5242: 5207: 5155: 5130: 5085: 5040: 5030: 4864: 4854: 4536: 4505: 4495: 4455: 4414: 4369: 4309: 4143: 3915: 3905: 3890: 3850: 3835: 3361: 3356: 3321: 3311: 3293: 3051: 2948: 2938: 2918: 2903: 2888: 2786: 2209: 2185: 576: 421: 318: 103: 7807: 7634: 7568: 7497: 6978: 6828: 6472: 6467: 6419: 6103: 6037: 6032: 6004: 5902: 5879: 5612: 5322: 5302: 5135: 5095: 5080: 5045: 4940: 4844: 4789: 4672: 4647: 4632: 4173: 4158: 4133: 4123: 3980: 3910: 3840: 3648: 3429: 3268: 3207: 3197: 3156: 3056: 3041: 3036: 3011: 2978: 2933: 2883: 1804: 1302:

the main clam fishery resources in the Ashtamudi Lake re-assigned to the genus

997: 987: 872: 177: 167: 2427: 1752: 8048: 7771: 7639: 7629: 7603: 7507: 7071: 7046: 6838: 6596: 6547: 6527: 6497: 6492: 6399: 6339: 6186: 6052: 6019: 5791: 5252: 5212: 5125: 4980: 4849: 4814: 4784: 4586: 4581: 4561: 4485: 4465: 4354: 4163: 4153: 4082: 3995: 3965: 3925: 3406: 3371: 3212: 3126: 3121: 3046: 3016: 2958: 2953: 2724: 2670: 2636: 2482:

Sarlin, Pathissery John; Megha, M; Thomas, Jeniffer Ann; Gayathry, S (2023).

2234: 1712: 1708: 1603: 1170: 669: 614: 602: 597: 241: 160: 136: 123: 3026: 2332:

http://manomohanam-manomohanam.blogspot.com/2008_08_01_archive.htmlAshtamudi

661: 7996: 7680: 7670: 7573: 7472: 6953: 6848: 6803: 6707: 6629: 6517: 6502: 6255: 6239: 6234: 6009: 5994: 5984: 5887: 5748: 5620: 5561: 5499: 5433: 5342: 5232: 4874: 4834: 4824: 4799: 4779: 4677: 4657: 4652: 4642: 4541: 4515: 4470: 4435: 4349: 4248: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4198: 4168: 4128: 3900: 3880: 3855: 3799: 3558: 3540: 3351: 3341: 3326: 3243: 3192: 3081: 3071: 2943: 1862: 921: 618: 610: 2483: 665:

An uninhabited island in Munroe Island cluster, situated at Lake Ashtamudi

7986: 7588: 7583: 7558: 7512: 7456: 7451: 7436: 7023: 6717: 6586: 6512: 6344: 6263: 6249: 5999: 5948: 5930: 5912: 5897: 5795: 5758: 5237: 5020: 4995: 4919: 4899: 4879: 4682: 4667: 4596: 4591: 4576: 4556: 4263: 4258: 4223: 4218: 3990: 3895: 3779: 3753: 3683: 3460: 3434: 3396: 3217: 3146: 3141: 3131: 3101: 3091: 3021: 3006: 3001: 2843: 2495: 2292: 1866: 1761: 1001: 535: 392:

trading and processing industry as well as the marine products industry.

5573: 2812: 2536:"Eco-certified Ashtamudi short-neck clam acquires its rightful identity" 2202: 399:

production and inland navigation services are the prominent businesses.

7675: 7649: 7608: 7548: 7528: 7482: 7446: 7431: 6591: 6581: 6394: 6128: 6085: 5925: 5864: 5800: 5674: 5292: 5181: 4914: 4909: 4637: 4475: 4445: 4334: 4279: 4203: 4188: 4138: 3875: 3814: 3794: 3748: 3444: 3439: 3336: 3316: 3076: 2923: 2913: 2863: 2599:"Tourists flocking to Sambranikodi in Kollam; the isle to get a revamp" 2223:"Kerala's Ashtamudi lake gets recognition for sustainable clam fishing" 1858: 1756:

A house boat seen in Ashtamudi lake with Chinese nets in the background

1704: 1282: 970: 906: 864: 531: 402:

In 2014, the Clam Governing Council of Ashtamudi lake became the first

385: 154: 2713:"New study reveals extent of microplastic pollution in Ashtamudi Lake" 2563:, ST 23 - Economic uses of Ashtamudi Estuary in South India, Taal 2007 672:(Munroethuruth) is a cluster of eight tiny islands in Ashtamudi Lake. 7593: 7578: 7543: 7487: 6993: 6532: 6522: 6062: 5966: 5810: 5702: 5638: 5171: 4884: 4809: 4460: 3668: 3116: 2991: 2147: 1857:

There is a 1978 Indian Malayalam-language film Ashtamudikkaayal with

959: 955: 887: 373: 349: 329: 312: 5505:

Thrissur Zoological Park Wildlife Conversation & Research Centre

3567: 1700:

The loss to people due to destruction of the creek is stated to be:

1265:

remaining orders each constituting 1.15% of the total fish species.

7802: 7644: 7598: 7553: 7492: 6349: 5846: 5776: 5247: 4999: 4869: 4819: 4774: 4687: 4566: 4339: 4284: 3985: 3930: 3809: 3763: 3061: 2898: 1658: 1008:

lists the two endangered species in IUCN 2008. The total number of

883: 879: 868: 572: 333: 58: 7624: 7533: 7477: 7441: 6384: 6168: 5958: 5940: 5869: 5717: 5684: 4904: 4894: 4889: 4859: 4829: 4794: 4627: 4571: 4551: 4016: 3945: 3885: 3758: 3346: 2996: 2574:"Illegal boat services to island in Kollam raise safety concerns" 1716: 1687: 1666: 1662: 1278: 1274: 916: 876: 622: 606: 588: 360: 326: 264: 6318: 5976: 5856: 5828: 3950: 3865: 3663: 3331: 2847: 2428:"Biodiversity Heritage Sites - Kerala State Biodiversity Board" 2395:"Sumesh et al., 2014 and Vidyasagaran and Madhusoodanan, 2014". 1918: 1814: 1720: 1632: 1285: 996:

system. These species offer excellent scope for development of

564: 548: 406:

certified fishery in India for their sustainable clam fishing.

389: 369: 322: 107: 1562: 5648: 5630: 4601: 3935: 3845: 1289: 551:

as the entry city to the lake, access to the lake are to the

2179:

http://www.indiainfoweb.com/kerala/lakes/ashtamudi-lake.html

4389: 1818: 1277:

species. It is also a congenial habitat for all species of

1005: 926: 891: 396: 1313: 6287: 5666: 2481: 1807:

bio-reserve, nature island and mangrove conservation area

1790:

Set defined navigation routes undisturbed by fishing nets

6866: 1821:

fields, fish hatcheries and other biodiversity hot spots

1622: 1298:

A comparative shell morphology study of short-neck clam

806:

Perumon - Pezhumthuruthu (Kollam - Kayamkulam railway)

1148: 915:

average annual runoff from the river system into the

384:

The lake and the city of Kollam on its banks and the

2561:

http://www.taal2007.org/downloads/abstracts/Oral.pdf

2447:"State's first biodiversity heritage site in Kollam" 2305:

http://www.india9.com/i9show/Kallada-River-38931.htm

1993:

Traditional merchant boat on the backwaters (Kerala)

7373:

Mount Carmel Convent Anglo-Indian Girls High School

7265:

Indian Institute of Infrastructure and Construction

6693:

Kerala State Cashew Development Corporation Limited

2659:"Unhindered dumping of waste chokes Ashtamudi Lake" 617:is formed by the confluence of three rivers, viz., 2746:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344239148 2345:"Ashtamudi Estuary, An Integrated Management Plan" 2148:"The List of Wetlands of International Importance" 1681: 920:city of Quilon (Kollam) and the coastal land. The 435: 1981:Traditional Chinese fishing net in Ashtamudi Lake 1969:Houseboat in the midst of weeds in the backwaters 8046: 7111:Olympian Suresh Babu Multipurpose Indoor Stadium 6668:Cashew Export Promotion Council of India (CEPCI) 2780:http://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/2IN009en.pdf 2334:Estuary Biodiversity Conservation and Management 1760:The Asia Development Assistance Facility of the 114: 1852: 1769:Identify and phase out of the pollution sources 1612:national highway was dumped in the backwaters. 1016:The mangroves seen in Ashtamudi ecosystem are 647:maintain sufficient depth for port operations. 40: 4991:Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Police Museum, Kollam 6303: 5589: 3583: 2828: 1796:Promote ecotourism with better facilities of 6914:N. S. Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences 6736:United Electrical Industries Limited(UNILEC) 5485:Crocodile Rehabilitation and Research Centre 2622: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2036: 2034: 2032: 475: 7342:Sree Narayana Guru College of Legal Studies 6759:Asramam Adventure Park & Picnic Village 1563:Economic evaluation of the lake's resources 910:Astamudi Lake Near Veerabhadra Swami Temple 882:of recent age. Tertiary sediments comprise 6918:ESIC Model & Super Speciality Hospital 6310: 6296: 6104:Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary 5596: 5582: 3590: 3576: 2835: 2821: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 1129:(L.) Soland. ex Correa (Family: Malvaceae) 413:who was born and brought up on its banks. 5603: 2842: 2310: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2029: 1730: 27:Lake in India (Gateway to the backwaters) 7134:Anandavalleeshwaram Sri Mahadevar Temple 6698:List of cashew companies based in Kollam 6405:4th Portuguese India Armada (Gama, 1502) 1933:Mechanised boats plying in the backwater 1751: 1626: 905: 781:Below are the major bridges in the lake 660: 587: 553:Thiruvananthapuram International Airport 426: 415: 359: 7829:Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation 7824:Kerala State Road Transport Corporation 6099:Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve 2444: 2097: 1314:Households in and around Ashtamudi lake 1084:(Perr) CB.Rob. (Family: Rhizophoraceae) 1036:(Forsk.) Vierh. (Family: Avicenniaceae) 14: 8047: 7270:Institute of Fashion Technology Kerala 7159:Sasthamcotta Sree Dharma Sastha Temple 6924:Shankar's Institute of Medical Science 6824:Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Police Museum 3613:Kerala Tourism Development Corporation 2656: 2293:http://www.quilon.com/Html/history.htm 2254: 2191: 2061: 2042:"Ashtamudi Resort Kollam - Facilities" 776: 650: 509: 81: 7702: 7415: 7306:College of Engineering Karunagappally 7232: 6688:Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd.(KMML) 6291: 5577: 4325:International Film Festival of Kerala 3597: 3571: 2816: 2710: 2625:"Waste dumping chokes Ashtamudi Lake" 2203:http://www.kazhakuttom.com/kollam.htm 1623:Deterioration of the lake environment 981:(endangered species according to the 845:Sakthikulngara - Kureeppuzha (NH 66) 822:Neendakara - Sakthikulangara (NH 66) 7918:Kollam–Thiruvananthapuram trunk line 7378:St. Aloysius Higher Secondary School 6933:Holy Cross Super Speciality Hospital 6930:Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences 4961:Kerala Science and Technology Museum 2515: 2273: 1747: 1631:A moving ferry on Lake Ashtamudi at 1294:paphia malabarica (short neck Clams) 683:List of major islands in Ashtamudi: 63:An aerial view of the Ashtamudi lake 8029: 6884:Travancore Medicity Medical College 6774:Thangassery Breakwater Tourism Park 6732:List of Seafood Companies in Kollam 6558:Ashramam Biodiversity Heritage Site 6360:Quilon Syrian (Tharisapalli) plates 5542: 5283:Meenmutty Falls, Thiruvananthapuram 4986:Pazhassi Raja Archaeological Museum 2623:Krishnakumar, G. (23 August 2022). 2160:from the original on 2 January 2008 1837: 1813:visits to coir-producing villages, 1155:Ashramam Biodiversity Heritage Site 492: 484: 453: 440: 364:Luxury house boat in the backwaters 195:61.4 km (23.7 sq mi) 172:1,700 km (660 sq mi) 24: 7416: 7205:List of schools in Kollam district 6879:Government Medical College, Kollam 6139:Udayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary 6134:Suchindram Theroor Wetland Complex 2657:Bureau, The Hindu (13 June 2023). 2445:Pereira, Ignatius (27 July 2017). 1268:World Wildlife Fund (WWF) reports 1149:Ashramam Biodoversity Heritagesite 1078:(L.) Lam. (Family: Rhizophoraceae) 431:A top view of Ashtamudi backwaters 25: 8101: 7399:Sree Narayana Polytechnic College 7358:Chinmaya Vidyalaya, Chandanathope 7249:Sree Narayanaguru Open University 7200:Neendakara Indo-Norwegian Project 7139:Asramam Sree Krishna Swamy Temple 6673:Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL) 6124:Pallikaranai Marsh Reserve Forest 5444:Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary 2796: 466: 8028: 8019: 8018: 7368:Kendriya Vidyalaya, Mulangadakam 7325:Arts, science & law colleges 7280:Kerala State Institute of Design 7164:St Andrew's Church, Kovilthottam 6874:Azeezia Medical College Hospital 6650:Eravipuram Assembly constituency 6435:Roman Catholic Diocese of Quilon 6043:Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve 5555: 5541: 5530: 5529: 5518: 5517: 4057:Sree Narayana Jayanthi Boat Race 3728:Trivandrum International Airport 3552: 2010: 1998: 1986: 1974: 1962: 1950: 1938: 1926: 1910: 1895: 1883: 1105:(L.) R.Br. (Family: Apocynaceae) 830:Pezhunthuruthu - Pattomthuruthu 500: 336:estuary ecosystem of the state. 80: 73: 57: 7301:College of Engineering, Perumon 7169:St Antony's Church, Kanjiracode 6355:Kollam Era (Malayalam calendar) 5439:Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary 4946:Archaeological Museum, Thrissur 2773: 2738: 2704: 2650: 2616: 2591: 2566: 2554: 2528: 2509: 2475: 2457: 2438: 2420: 2388: 2375: 2337: 2298: 2286: 1787:Discontinue estuary reclamation 1682:Extinction of Kanjiracode creek 1587: 1066:(L.) Engl. (Family: Lythraceae) 436:Eight arms of Ashtamudi estuary 3618:Department of Tourism (Kerala) 2267: 2248: 2215: 2172: 2140: 1090:Blume (Family: Rhizophoraceae) 1004:in the estuarine of the lake. 983:Red Data Book of Indian Plants 348: : 'peaks') in the local 340:means 'eight hills or peaks' ( 13: 1: 8055:Tourist attractions in Kollam 7897:Kollam-Chennai Egmore Express 7703: 7233: 7154:Paravur Puttingal Devi Temple 6645:Chavara Assembly constituency 6635:Kollam Lok Sabha constituency 5459:Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary 5399:Karimpuzha Wildlife Sanctuary 4320:India International Boat Show 4305:Feast of Saint Raphael, Ollur 3705:Calicut International Airport 2022: 1800:and services in the form of: 1254:Cyprinidontiformes: 1 species 1111:Gaertn. (Family: Apocynaceae) 1048:Willd. (Family: Combretaceae) 798:Thevally - Mathilil (NH 183) 633: 583: 8080:Geography of Kollam district 7892:Kollam–Visakhapatnam Express 7332:Fatima Mata National College 7174:Valiya Koonambaikulam Temple 7101:International Hockey Stadium 7057:President's Trophy Boat Race 6902:Government Victoria Hospital 6897:Government District Hospital 6723:Fisheries Industry in Kollam 6640:Kollam Assembly constituency 6620:Kollam Development Authority 6615:Kollam Municipal Corporation 6119:Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary 6109:Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary 5819:Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary 5731:Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary 4936:8 Point Gallery Cafe, Kollam 4093:Nedumala caves, Piralimattam 4052:President's Trophy Boat Race 4022:Champakulam Moolam Boat Race 3715:Kannur International Airport 3710:Cochin International Airport 3486:President's Trophy Boat Race 2058:Back water Retreat Ashtamudi 1853:Recent cultural implications 1665:, seafood), as well as from 1239:Tetraodontiformes: 3 species 1236:Pleuronectiformes: 3 species 901: 814:Thekkumbhagom - Dalawapuram 7: 8090:Wetlands in Kollam district 7923:Kollam–Sengottai Chord Line 7316:TKM Institute of Technology 7096:Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium 6789:Dutch Church, Munroe Island 6683:The Kerala Ceramics Limited 6210:Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary 6149:Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary 5490:Parassinikkadavu Snake Park 5419:Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary 5384:Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary 2988:Karimpuzha River (Palakkad) 2711:Rajwi, Tiki (23 May 2024). 2078:"Ashtamudi Lake - Overview" 1257:Gonorynchiformes: 1 species 1163: 853:Mangadu - Kadavoor (NH 66) 420:View of Ashtamudi Lake and 211:76,000,000,000 km (1.8 10: 8106: 7311:TKM College of Engineering 7106:KDRA Indoor Shooting Range 6548:Thekkumbhagam-Kappil Beach 6317: 6094:Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary 5469:Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary 5449:Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary 5414:Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary 5389:Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary 5151:Sri Moolam Thirunal Palace 4501:St Thomas Fort, Tangasseri 4405:Tattamangalam Kuthira Vela 3871:Kappil, Thiruvananthapuram 3674:Temple Festivals of Kerala 2274:Raj, Vimal; V, R. (2013). 1876: 1841: 1617:President Trophy Boat Race 1596: 1571: 1245:Scorpaeniformes: 1 species 1152: 1141:Lam. (Family: Pandanaceae) 1135:Gamble (Family: Myrtaceae) 1095:Associate Mangrove Species 1054:L. (Family: Euphorbiaceae) 1042:L. (Family: Avicenniaceae) 940: 859: 722:Kallumpuram Puthen Thuruth 654: 595: 518: 404:Marine Stewardship Council 238:Sambrani Island, Prakkulam 8014: 7979: 7953: 7931: 7910: 7879: 7848: 7841: 7816: 7780: 7744: 7726:Andamukkam City bus stand 7718: 7711: 7698: 7663: 7617: 7521: 7465: 7424: 7411: 7386: 7350: 7324: 7288: 7275:Kerala Maritime Institute 7257: 7239: 7228: 7195:Cashew business in Kollam 7182: 7119: 7088: 7081:List of statues in Kollam 7032: 7001: 6940: 6867:Medical college hospitals 6857: 6744: 6678:Cashew business in Kollam 6658: 6605: 6566: 6448: 6325: 6262: 6248: 6185: 6167: 6159:Vembannur Wetland Complex 6084: 6061: 6048:Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary 6028:Beas Conservation Reserve 6018: 5975: 5957: 5939: 5911: 5878: 5855: 5827: 5809: 5767: 5739: 5716: 5683: 5665: 5647: 5629: 5611: 5513: 5477: 5429:Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve 5424:Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary 5379:Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary 5371: 5200: 5164: 5146:Shakthan Thampuran Palace 5051:Hill Palace, Tripunithura 5013: 4928: 4767: 4696: 4615: 4524: 4428: 4395:Onathallu or Avittathallu 4345:Kerala Adventure Carnival 4290:Aluva Sivarathri festival 4272: 4106: 4070: 4037:Kandassankadavu Boat Race 4004: 3828: 3772: 3736: 3697: 3631: 3605: 3549: 3518: 3476:Kandassankadavu Boat Race 3453: 3422: 3415: 3302: 3226: 3165: 2854: 2116:"Ramsar cities in Kerala" 1945:As the lake joins the sea 1260:Anguilliformes: 1 species 1251:Atheriniformes: 1 species 1208: 563:to the northern towns of 542: 476:Kadapuzha Kayal (Kallada) 300: 296: 288: 279: 275: 251: 231: 227: 219: 207: 199: 191: 187: 176: 166: 152: 113: 99: 68: 56: 41: 39: 34: 7731:Kollam KSRTC bus station 7394:Govt. ITI, Chandanathope 7190:Kollam metropolitan area 7129:Ammachiveedu Devi Temple 7052:Kottankulangara Festival 6205:Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary 5464:Thattekad Bird Sanctuary 5404:Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary 5394:Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary 5288:Meenmutty Falls, Wayanad 5263:Kumbhavurutty Waterfalls 4451:Chandragiri Fort, Kerala 4410:Thirumandhamkunnu Pooram 4365:Kottankulangara Festival 4300:Edakkunni Uthram Vilakku 3679:Tourist Resorts (Kerala) 3536:Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary 2184:29 December 2012 at the 1844:Peruman railway accident 1230:Cypriniformes: 4 species 1224:Clupeiformes: 12 species 1072:L. (Family: Pteridaceae) 1060:Lour. (Family: Fabaceae) 1030:L. (Family: Acanthaceae) 949: 411:Thirunalloor Karunakaran 7992:Kollam KSWTD Boat Jetty 7902:Kollam–Tirupati Express 7736:Tangasseri Bus Terminal 7296:Bishop Jerome Institute 7220:Kollam Orthodox Diocese 7144:Kolloorvila Juma Mosque 6969:Kovilthottam Lighthouse 6779:Asramam Children's Park 6220:Samaspur Bird Sanctuary 6114:Karikili Bird Sanctuary 5726:Sultanpur National Park 5313:Panieli Poru waterfalls 5005:Wayanad Heritage Museum 4027:Indira Gandhi Boat Race 3991:Kadalundi Nagaram beach 3820:Thovarimala Ezhuthupara 1242:Beloniformes: 3 species 1233:Siluriformes: 4 species 1227:Mugiliformes: 6 species 1221:Perciformes: 46 species 1117:L. (Family: Guttiferae) 894:of Warkalai formation. 321:of the Indian state of 203:6.4 m (21 ft) 7149:Infant Jesus Cathedral 6784:Chinnakada Clock Tower 6703:Parvathy Mills Limited 6154:Vellode Bird Sanctuary 6144:Vaduvur Bird Sanctuary 6071:Keoladeo National Park 5990:Bhitarkanika Mangroves 5495:Thiruvananthapuram Zoo 5363:Vazhvanthol waterfalls 5218:Aruvikkuzhi Waterfalls 4956:Indo-Portuguese Museum 4951:Indian Business Museum 4385:Nenmara Vallanghy Vela 4042:Nehru Trophy Boat Race 4017:Biyyam Kayal Boat Race 3506:Sree Narayana Jayanthi 2432:keralabiodiversity.org 2408:Cite journal requires 2383:Syzygium travancoricum 2363:Cite journal requires 2255:Sachin, S. R. (2013). 1757: 1731:Microplastic pollution 1719:in the south and even 1698: 1636: 1308: 1296:and a variety of fish. 1248:Elopiformes: 1 species 1133:Syzygium travancoricum 1123:L. (Family: Malvaceae) 1115:Calophyllum inophyllum 1010:Syzygium travancoricum 1000:bioreserve to promote 978:Syzygium travancoricum 954:Ashtamudi Estuary has 911: 758:St. Sabastian Thuruthu 666: 593: 432: 424: 365: 223:10 m (33 ft) 8070:Ramsar sites in India 7767:National Highway 183A 7210:Jatayu Earth's Center 7089:Sports & stadiums 7067:Kollam Public Library 6984:Tangasseri Lighthouse 6964:Crowther Masonic Hall 6844:Thirumullavaram Beach 6839:Paravur Thekkumbhagam 6834:Tangasseri Lighthouse 6543:Thirumullavaram Beach 6272:East Kolkata Wetlands 5605:Ramsar sites in India 5454:Periyar Tiger Reserve 5409:Kurinjimala Sanctuary 5293:Meenvallam Waterfalls 5253:Kozhippara Waterfalls 5071:Kodungallur Kovilakam 4078:Chovvanur burial cave 4047:Payippadu Vallam Kali 3971:Thirumullavaram Beach 3966:Paravur Thekkumbhagam 3654:Jatayu Earth’s Center 3466:Payippadu Vallam Kali 3372:Paravur Thekkumbhagam 1871:Sreelatha Namboothiri 1817:-producing villages, 1755: 1692: 1630: 1270: 1139:Pandanus fascicularis 1064:Sonneratia caseolaris 1040:Avicennia officinalis 1020:True Mangrove Species 909: 835:Puthenthuruthu Bridge 664: 591: 430: 419: 363: 246:Chavara Thekkumbhagom 8065:Reservoirs in Kerala 7762:National Highway 744 7757:National Highway 183 7363:Govt. Boys Model HSS 7289:Engineering colleges 7258:Premier institutions 7042:Kalidasa Kalakendram 6794:Estuaries of Paravur 6478:Estuaries of Paravur 6225:Sandi Bird Sanctuary 6215:Saman Bird Sanctuary 5847:Vembanad-Kol Wetland 5372:Wildlife sanctuaries 5353:Thoovanam Waterfalls 5328:Perunthenaruvi Falls 5228:Ayyapanov Waterfalls 5061:Karimpuzha Kovilakam 4597:Balathiruthi Islands 4380:Kalpathi Ratholsavam 4375:Nalukulangara Pooram 4098:Vizhinjam rock caves 4088:Kottukal cave temple 3931:Padinjarekkara beach 3921:Muzhappilangad Beach 3773:Archaeological sites 3639:Chinese fishing nets 3632:Informative articles 3526:Estuaries of Paravur 3377:Padinjarekkara Beach 2516:Usha, N. S. (2014). 2496:10.2139/ssrn.4334595 2208:11 June 2012 at the 1917:Ashtamudi Lake with 1890:Backwaters at sunset 1088:Rhizophora apiculata 1076:Bruguiera gymnorhiza 1052:Excoecaria agallocha 1028:Acanthus ilicifolius 966:Brugiera gymnorrhiza 725:Neelaswaram Thuruthu 8002:National Waterway 3 7887:Ananthapuri Express 7752:National Highway 66 7009:Bishop Jerome Nagar 6819:Portuguese Cemetery 6809:Mahatma Gandhi Park 6769:Sambranikodi Island 6410:Portuguese Cemetery 6375:Rama Varma of Venad 6129:Pichavaram Mangrove 5921:Nandur Madhameshwar 5333:Siruvani Waterfalls 5318:Pattathippara Falls 5298:Oliyarik Waterfalls 5111:Mattancherry Palace 5101:Lakshmipuram Palace 5091:Krishnapuram Palace 5056:Kanakakkunnu Palace 4971:Lockhart Tea Museum 4840:Ilaveezha Poonchira 4330:Kadavallur Anyonyam 4244:Thanneermukkom Bund 4062:Triprayar Boat Race 3785:Ariyannur Umbrellas 3471:Triprayar Boat Race 2807:World Wildlife Fund 2785:27 May 2011 at the 2229:. 7 November 2014. 2084:on 17 December 2007 1609:Sambranikodi Island 1046:Lumnitzera racemosa 777:Bridges in the lake 766:Sambranikodi Island 678:Ramachandravilasam, 651:Islands in the lake 557:National Highway 47 510:Thekkumbhagum Kayal 315:: "അഷ്ടമുടിക്കായൽ" 260:(Metropolitan Area) 215:10 cu mi) 133: / 7215:Kollam CSI Diocese 6927:Dr. Nairs Hospital 6909:Meditrina Hospital 6625:Kollam City Police 6230:Sarsai Nawar Jheel 5348:Thusharagiri Falls 5308:Paloor Kotta Falls 5273:Manalar Waterfalls 5268:Lakkom Water Falls 5248:Kollam Kolli Falls 5223:Athirappilly Falls 5187:Thunchan Samarakam 5165:Ancient residences 5121:Nilambur Kovilakam 5116:Merry Lodge Palace 4966:Kerala Soil Museum 4420:Uthralikavu Pooram 4295:Arattupuzha Pooram 4214:Peruvaripallam Dam 4114:Banasura Sagar Dam 4012:Aranmula Boat Race 3961:Snehatheeram Beach 3956:Shankumugham Beach 3805:Kudakkallu Parambu 3689:Wildlife of Kerala 3501:Champakulam Moolam 3259:Meenmutty, Wayanad 2696:has generic name ( 2469:www.onmanorama.com 2434:. 10 October 2022. 2212:Kollam at a Glance 1904:Kollam KSRTC Depot 1758: 1637: 1300:Paphia malabarica, 1127:Thespesia populnea 1121:Hibiscus tiliaceus 1103:Alstonia scholaris 1070:Acrostichum aureum 912: 811:Delavapuram Bridge 717:Pathumma Thuruthu 706:Pannakka Thuruthu 695:Palliyam Thuruthu 667: 594: 561:Thiruvananthapuram 433: 425: 366: 8042: 8041: 8010: 8009: 7971: 7949: 7948: 7934:maintenance yards 7837: 7836: 7788:Asramam Link Road 7745:National highways 7694: 7693: 7407: 7406: 7121:Places of worship 6949:British Residency 6892: 6891: 6799:Islands of Kollam 6764:British Residency 6713:Kollam Technopark 6608:& authorities 6538:Sasthamcotta Lake 6483:Islands of Kollam 6425:Kollam Cantonment 6390:Cantonment Maidan 6285: 6284: 6277:Sundarban Wetland 6240:Upper Ganga River 6200:Haiderpur Wetland 6195:Bakhira Sanctuary 6000:Hirakud Reservoir 5842:Sasthamkotta Lake 5837:Ashtamudi Wetland 5787:Shallbugh Wetland 5769:Jammu and Kashmir 5571: 5570: 5278:Marmala waterfall 5192:Varikkasseri Mana 5076:Kollengode Palace 5066:Kilimanoor Palace 5036:British Residency 5026:Aranmula Kottaram 4976:Munnar Tea Museum 4663:Sasthamcotta Lake 4607:Willingdon Island 4547:Islands of Kollam 4315:Ilanjithara Melam 4209:Peringalkuthu Dam 4032:Kallada Boat Race 3986:Vadakara Sandbank 3941:Payyambalam Beach 3724: 3659:Kerala backwaters 3644:God's Own Country 3623:Gandhi Seva Sadan 3599:Tourism in Kerala 3565: 3564: 3531:Islands of Kollam 3514: 3513: 3183:Kavvayi Backwater 2874:Anjarakandi River 2761:Missing or empty 2542:. 5 December 2018 2295:Land of cashewnut 1957:Ducks in the lake 1798:inland navigation 1748:Restoration plans 1707:) and "kanambu" ( 1560: 1559: 1058:Derris trifoliata 857: 856: 819:Neendakara Bridge 774: 773: 755:St. Joseph Island 703:Koyivila Thuruthu 657:Islands of Kollam 569:Southern Railways 525:Sasthamkotta Lake 493:Kumbalathu Kayal 355:Ramsar Convention 344: : 'eight'; 311:Ashtamudi Kayal, 304: 303: 270: 261: 220:Surface elevation 16:(Redirected from 8097: 8032: 8031: 8022: 8021: 7967: 7941:Kollam MEMU Shed 7846: 7845: 7716: 7715: 7700: 7699: 7413: 7412: 7387:Other institutes 7230: 7229: 7062:Kollam Kite Club 7002:Shopping centres 6943:& structures 6921:Upasana Hospital 6864: 6863: 6754:8 Point Art Cafe 6553:Chittumala Chira 6458:Quilon formation 6430:Battle of Quilon 6415:Buckingham Canal 6370:Rama Rajasekhara 6312: 6305: 6298: 6289: 6288: 5741:Himachal Pradesh 5708:Wadhvana Wetland 5598: 5591: 5584: 5575: 5574: 5562:India portal 5560: 5559: 5558: 5545: 5544: 5533: 5532: 5521: 5520: 5338:Soochipara Falls 5243:Dhoni Waterfalls 5182:Poonthanam Illam 5177:Olappamanna Mana 5172:Azhvanchery Mana 5141:Puthen Kovilakam 5126:Paliam Kovilakam 4532:Dharmadam Island 4511:Tellicherry Fort 4481:Overbury's Folly 4441:Anchuthengu Fort 4400:Peruvanam Pooram 4360:Kottakkal pooram 4254:Thunakkadavu Dam 4194:Parambikulam Dam 4184:Mullaperiyar Dam 4149:Kanjirapuzha Dam 4119:Bhoothathankettu 3861:Fort Kochi beach 3790:Cheraman Parambu 3722: 3592: 3585: 3578: 3569: 3568: 3559:India portal 3557: 3556: 3555: 3420: 3419: 3188:Kayamkulam Kayal 3137:Thuppanadippuzha 2837: 2830: 2823: 2814: 2813: 2790: 2777: 2771: 2770: 2764: 2759: 2757: 2749: 2742: 2736: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2708: 2702: 2701: 2695: 2691: 2689: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2654: 2648: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2595: 2589: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2570: 2564: 2558: 2552: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2532: 2526: 2525: 2513: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2479: 2473: 2472: 2461: 2455: 2454: 2442: 2436: 2435: 2424: 2418: 2417: 2411: 2406: 2404: 2396: 2392: 2386: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2366: 2361: 2359: 2351: 2349: 2341: 2335: 2329: 2308: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2271: 2265: 2264: 2252: 2246: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2219: 2213: 2200: 2189: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2159: 2152: 2144: 2138: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2127: 2121:. Archived from 2120: 2112: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2080:. Archived from 2074: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2044:. Archived from 2038: 2017:Ashtamudi Lake 2 2014: 2002: 1990: 1978: 1966: 1954: 1942: 1930: 1914: 1899: 1887: 1838:Perumon Disaster 1414:Kizhakkekallada 1318: 1317: 1173:from the genera 1034:Avicennia marina 784: 783: 750:Puthen Thuruthu 733:Neettum Thuruthu 700:Cheekan Thuruthu 686: 685: 485:Kanjirottu Kayal 454:Kureepuzha Kayal 441:Kandachira Kayal 268: 259: 214: 156: 148: 147: 145: 144: 143: 138: 137:8.967°N 76.583°E 134: 131: 130: 129: 126: 116: 84: 83: 77: 61: 52: 44: 43: 32: 31: 21: 8105: 8104: 8100: 8099: 8098: 8096: 8095: 8094: 8085:Lakes in Kollam 8060:Lakes of Kollam 8045: 8044: 8043: 8038: 8006: 7975: 7961:Kerala Seaplane 7945: 7933: 7927: 7906: 7875: 7856:Kollam Junction 7833: 7812: 7776: 7740: 7707: 7690: 7686:Thirumullavaram 7659: 7655:Punthalathazham 7613: 7517: 7503:Sakthikulangara 7461: 7420: 7403: 7382: 7346: 7337:NSS Law College 7320: 7284: 7253: 7235: 7224: 7178: 7115: 7084: 7028: 7014:Downtown Kollam 6997: 6989:Thevally Palace 6959:Cheena Kottaram 6942: 6936: 6888: 6853: 6814:Mundakkal Beach 6746: 6740: 6728:Neendakara Port 6654: 6607: 6601: 6577:Sakthikulangara 6562: 6508:Mundakkal Beach 6488:Ithikkara River 6444: 6321: 6316: 6286: 6281: 6258: 6244: 6181: 6177:Rudrasagar Lake 6163: 6080: 6057: 6014: 5971: 5953: 5935: 5907: 5874: 5851: 5823: 5805: 5763: 5735: 5712: 5679: 5661: 5643: 5625: 5607: 5602: 5572: 5567: 5556: 5554: 5509: 5473: 5367: 5358:Vazhachal Falls 5258:Kudamutti Falls 5208:Adyanpara Falls 5196: 5160: 5156:Thevally Palace 5131:Pandalam Palace 5086:Koyikkal Palace 5041:Cheena Kottaram 5031:Bolgatty Palace 5009: 4924: 4885:Pandallur hills 4865:Meenuliyan Para 4855:Kunnathoor Padi 4763: 4692: 4611: 4537:Ezhumanthuruthu 4520: 4506:St. Angelo Fort 4496:Pallipuram Fort 4456:Cranganore Fort 4424: 4415:Thrissur Pooram 4370:Machad Mamangam 4310:Gandharvanpattu 4268: 4144:Kakki Reservoir 4102: 4066: 4000: 3936:Paravanna beach 3916:Mundakkal Beach 3906:Meenkunnu Beach 3891:Kozhikode Beach 3851:Chavakkad Beach 3836:Alappuzha Beach 3824: 3768: 3737:Amusement parks 3732: 3693: 3627: 3601: 3596: 3566: 3561: 3553: 3551: 3545: 3510: 3449: 3411: 3402:Thirumullavaram 3322:Chavakkad Beach 3298: 3222: 3169: 3161: 2904:Cherukunnapuzha 2850: 2841: 2799: 2794: 2793: 2787:Wayback Machine 2778: 2774: 2762: 2760: 2751: 2750: 2744: 2743: 2739: 2729: 2727: 2709: 2705: 2693: 2692: 2683: 2682: 2675: 2673: 2655: 2651: 2641: 2639: 2621: 2617: 2607: 2605: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2582: 2580: 2572: 2571: 2567: 2559: 2555: 2545: 2543: 2534: 2533: 2529: 2514: 2510: 2500: 2498: 2480: 2476: 2463: 2462: 2458: 2443: 2439: 2426: 2425: 2421: 2409: 2407: 2398: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2380: 2376: 2364: 2362: 2353: 2352: 2347: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2330: 2311: 2307:, Kallada River 2303: 2299: 2291: 2287: 2272: 2268: 2253: 2249: 2239: 2237: 2221: 2220: 2216: 2210:Wayback Machine 2201: 2192: 2186:Wayback Machine 2177: 2173: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2150: 2146: 2145: 2141: 2131: 2129: 2128:on 21 July 2011 2125: 2118: 2114: 2113: 2098: 2087: 2085: 2076: 2075: 2062: 2051: 2049: 2040: 2039: 2030: 2025: 2018: 2015: 2006: 2003: 1994: 1991: 1982: 1979: 1970: 1967: 1958: 1955: 1946: 1943: 1934: 1931: 1922: 1915: 1906: 1900: 1891: 1888: 1879: 1855: 1846: 1840: 1834: 1750: 1733: 1703:a) "Karimeen" ( 1684: 1625: 1599: 1590: 1574: 1565: 1316: 1310: 1211: 1166: 1157: 1151: 1145: 1109:Cerbera odollam 952: 943: 904: 862: 795:Thevally Bridge 779: 714:Mantro Thuruthu 689:Bishop Thuruthu 659: 653: 636: 600: 586: 545: 521: 512: 503: 495: 487: 478: 469: 467:Thevally Kayal 456: 443: 438: 422:Downtown Kollam 353:defined by the 319:Kollam District 284: 263: 244: 240: 212: 180: countries 155:Primary inflows 141: 139: 135: 132: 127: 124: 122: 120: 119: 104:Kollam District 95: 94: 93: 92: 91: 90: 89: 85: 64: 46: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8103: 8093: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8040: 8039: 8037: 8036: 8026: 8015: 8012: 8011: 8008: 8007: 8005: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7983: 7981: 7977: 7976: 7974: 7973: 7966:Kollam Airport 7963: 7957: 7955: 7951: 7950: 7947: 7946: 7944: 7943: 7937: 7935: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7925: 7920: 7914: 7912: 7908: 7907: 7905: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7883: 7881: 7877: 7876: 7874: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7852: 7850: 7843: 7839: 7838: 7835: 7834: 7832: 7831: 7826: 7820: 7818: 7814: 7813: 7811: 7810: 7808:Residency Road 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7784: 7782: 7778: 7777: 7775: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7748: 7746: 7742: 7741: 7739: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7722: 7720: 7713: 7709: 7708: 7696: 7695: 7692: 7691: 7689: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7667: 7665: 7661: 7660: 7658: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7635:Chathinamkulam 7632: 7627: 7621: 7619: 7615: 7614: 7612: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7569:Kochupilamoodu 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7525: 7523: 7522:Central Kollam 7519: 7518: 7516: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7498:Ramankulangara 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7469: 7467: 7463: 7462: 7460: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7428: 7426: 7422: 7421: 7418:Neighbourhoods 7409: 7408: 7405: 7404: 7402: 7401: 7396: 7390: 7388: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7354: 7352: 7348: 7347: 7345: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7328: 7326: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7292: 7290: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7261: 7259: 7255: 7254: 7252: 7251: 7245: 7243: 7237: 7236: 7226: 7225: 7223: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7186: 7184: 7180: 7179: 7177: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7125: 7123: 7117: 7116: 7114: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7092: 7090: 7086: 7085: 7083: 7082: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7038: 7036: 7030: 7029: 7027: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7005: 7003: 6999: 6998: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6979:St Thomas Fort 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6944: 6938: 6937: 6935: 6934: 6931: 6928: 6925: 6922: 6919: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6904: 6899: 6893: 6890: 6889: 6887: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6870: 6868: 6861: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6829:St Thomas Fort 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6750: 6748: 6742: 6741: 6739: 6738: 6733: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6664: 6662: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6611: 6609: 6606:Administration 6603: 6602: 6600: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6570: 6568: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6473:Asramam Maidan 6470: 6468:Kollam Parappu 6465: 6463:Ashtamudi Lake 6460: 6454: 6452: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6442: 6440:Kollam Airport 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6420:St Thomas Fort 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6331: 6329: 6323: 6322: 6315: 6314: 6307: 6300: 6292: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6279: 6274: 6268: 6266: 6260: 6259: 6254: 6252: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6191: 6189: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6173: 6171: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6090: 6088: 6082: 6081: 6079: 6078: 6073: 6067: 6065: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6038:Kanjli Wetland 6035: 6033:Harike Wetland 6030: 6024: 6022: 6016: 6015: 6013: 6012: 6007: 6005:Satkosia Gorge 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5981: 5979: 5973: 5972: 5970: 5969: 5963: 5961: 5955: 5954: 5952: 5951: 5945: 5943: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5917: 5915: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5905: 5903:Yashwant Sagar 5900: 5895: 5890: 5884: 5882: 5880:Madhya Pradesh 5876: 5875: 5873: 5872: 5867: 5861: 5859: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5833: 5831: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5821: 5815: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5803: 5798: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5777:Hokera Wetland 5773: 5771: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5745: 5743: 5737: 5736: 5734: 5733: 5728: 5722: 5720: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5689: 5687: 5681: 5680: 5678: 5677: 5671: 5669: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5659: 5653: 5651: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5641: 5635: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5623: 5617: 5615: 5613:Andhra Pradesh 5609: 5608: 5601: 5600: 5593: 5586: 5578: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5565: 5551: 5539: 5527: 5514: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5481: 5479: 5475: 5474: 5472: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5375: 5373: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5323:Perunthenaruvi 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5303:Palaruvi Falls 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5204: 5202: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5168: 5166: 5162: 5161: 5159: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5136:Punnathurkotta 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5106:Maipady Palace 5103: 5098: 5096:Kuthira Malika 5093: 5088: 5083: 5081:Kowdiar Palace 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5046:Halcyon Castle 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5021:Arakkal Palace 5017: 5015: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5007: 5002: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4941:Arakkal Museum 4938: 4932: 4930: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4845:Illickal Kallu 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4820:Chekkunnu Mala 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4790:Ambukuthi mala 4787: 4782: 4777: 4771: 4769: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4700: 4698: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4673:Vellayani Lake 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4648:Padinjarechira 4645: 4640: 4635: 4633:Enamakkal Lake 4630: 4625: 4623:Ashtamudi Lake 4619: 4617: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4528: 4526: 4522: 4521: 4519: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4432: 4430: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4276: 4274: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4174:Mattupetty Dam 4171: 4166: 4161: 4159:Malampuzha Dam 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4134:Idamalayar Dam 4131: 4126: 4124:Cheruthoni Dam 4121: 4116: 4110: 4108: 4104: 4103: 4101: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4074: 4072: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4008: 4006: 4002: 4001: 3999: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3981:Thottada Beach 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3911:Munakkal Beach 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3841:Azheekal beach 3838: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3776: 3774: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3749:Flora Fantasia 3746: 3740: 3738: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3730: 3725: 3720:Kollam Airport 3717: 3712: 3707: 3701: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3649:Chundan Vallam 3646: 3641: 3635: 3633: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3609: 3607: 3603: 3602: 3595: 3594: 3587: 3580: 3572: 3563: 3562: 3550: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3522: 3520: 3519:Related topics 3516: 3515: 3512: 3511: 3509: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3457: 3455: 3451: 3450: 3448: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3430:Chundan Vallam 3426: 3424: 3417: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3367:Muzhappilangad 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3308: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3279:Perunthenaruvi 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3230: 3228: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3208:Vellayani Lake 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3174: 3172: 3170:and reservoirs 3163: 3162: 3160: 3159: 3157:Vandazhippuzha 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3057:Meenkarappuzha 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2934:Iruvanjippuzha 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2884:Bharathappuzha 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2860: 2858: 2852: 2851: 2840: 2839: 2832: 2825: 2817: 2811: 2810: 2809:-India website 2803:Ashtamudi Lake 2798: 2797:External links 2795: 2792: 2791: 2772: 2737: 2703: 2649: 2615: 2590: 2565: 2553: 2527: 2508: 2474: 2456: 2437: 2419: 2410:|journal= 2387: 2374: 2365:|journal= 2336: 2309: 2297: 2285: 2266: 2247: 2214: 2190: 2188:Ashtamudi Lake 2171: 2139: 2096: 2094:Ashtamudi Lake 2060: 2048:on 2 June 2008 2027: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2020: 2019: 2016: 2009: 2007: 2005:Ashtamudi Lake 2004: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1925: 1923: 1916: 1909: 1907: 1901: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1882: 1878: 1875: 1854: 1851: 1842:Main article: 1839: 1836: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1822: 1811: 1808: 1803:developing of 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1749: 1746: 1732: 1729: 1723:in the north. 1683: 1680: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1655: 1654:encroachments) 1651: 1648: 1624: 1621: 1598: 1595: 1589: 1586: 1573: 1570: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1526: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1501:Thrikkadavoor 1499: 1496: 1492: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1422: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1397:Mundrothuruth 1395: 1392: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1371: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1363:Thekkumbhagom 1361: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1315: 1312: 1262: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1210: 1207: 1165: 1162: 1153:Main article: 1150: 1147: 1143: 1142: 1136: 1130: 1124: 1118: 1112: 1106: 1099: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1085: 1079: 1073: 1067: 1061: 1055: 1049: 1043: 1037: 1031: 1024: 1023: 1021: 951: 948: 942: 939: 903: 900: 861: 858: 855: 854: 851: 847: 846: 843: 842:Kavanad Bridge 839: 838: 836: 832: 831: 828: 827:Edachal Bridge 824: 823: 820: 816: 815: 812: 808: 807: 804: 803:Perumon Bridge 800: 799: 796: 792: 791: 788: 778: 775: 772: 771: 769: 767: 763: 762: 761:Velu Thuruthu 759: 756: 752: 751: 748: 747:Pattamthuruthu 745: 741: 740: 737: 736:Pezhumthuruthu 734: 730: 729: 726: 723: 719: 718: 715: 712: 708: 707: 704: 701: 697: 696: 693: 692:Kochu Thuruthu 690: 652: 649: 635: 632: 596:Main article: 585: 582: 544: 541: 520: 517: 511: 508: 502: 499: 494: 491: 486: 483: 477: 474: 468: 465: 455: 452: 442: 439: 437: 434: 307:Ashtamudi Lake 302: 301: 298: 297: 294: 293: 292:19 August 2002 290: 286: 285: 282:Ramsar Wetland 280: 277: 276: 273: 272: 253: 249: 248: 235: 229: 228: 225: 224: 221: 217: 216: 209: 205: 204: 201: 197: 196: 193: 189: 188: 185: 184: 181: 174: 173: 170: 168:Catchment area 164: 163: 158: 150: 149: 117: 111: 110: 101: 97: 96: 88:Ashtamudi Lake 87: 86: 79: 78: 72: 71: 70: 69: 66: 65: 62: 54: 53: 37: 36: 35:Ashtamudi Lake 26: 18:Ashtamudi lake 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8102: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8075:Kallada River 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8052: 8050: 8035: 8027: 8025: 8017: 8016: 8013: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7984: 7982: 7978: 7972: 7970: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7952: 7942: 7939: 7938: 7936: 7930: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7915: 7913: 7909: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7884: 7882: 7878: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7853: 7851: 7847: 7844: 7840: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7821: 7819: 7817:Organisations 7815: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7785: 7783: 7779: 7773: 7772:Kollam Bypass 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7749: 7747: 7743: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7717: 7714: 7710: 7706: 7701: 7697: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7662: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7640:Kallumthazham 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7630:Chandanathope 7628: 7626: 7623: 7622: 7620: 7616: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7604:Thoppilkadavu 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7520: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7508:Thrikkadavoor 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7470: 7468: 7464: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7423: 7419: 7414: 7410: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7391: 7389: 7385: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7355: 7353: 7349: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7323: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7293: 7291: 7287: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7262: 7260: 7256: 7250: 7247: 7246: 7244: 7242: 7238: 7231: 7227: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7187: 7185: 7181: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7126: 7124: 7122: 7118: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7087: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7072:Kollam Rentha 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7047:Kollam Pooram 7045: 7043: 7040: 7039: 7037: 7035: 7031: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7000: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6939: 6932: 6929: 6926: 6923: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6894: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6856: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6751: 6749: 6743: 6737: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6665: 6663: 6661: 6657: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6604: 6598: 6597:Thrikkadavoor 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6565: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6528:Kattaka Kayal 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6498:Kattaka Kayal 6496: 6494: 6493:Kallada River 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6447: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6400:Dutch Malabar 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6340:Chera dynasty 6338: 6336: 6335:Mar Sapir Iso 6333: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6313: 6308: 6306: 6301: 6299: 6294: 6293: 6290: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6251: 6247: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6187:Uttar Pradesh 6184: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6166: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6083: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6064: 6060: 6054: 6053:Ropar Wetland 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6025: 6023: 6021: 6017: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5974: 5968: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5960: 5956: 5950: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5938: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5918: 5916: 5914: 5910: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5885: 5883: 5881: 5877: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5826: 5820: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5812: 5808: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5782:Hygam Wetland 5780: 5778: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5754:Pong Dam Lake 5752: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5738: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5715: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5682: 5676: 5673: 5672: 5670: 5668: 5664: 5658: 5655: 5654: 5652: 5650: 5646: 5640: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5632: 5628: 5622: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5599: 5594: 5592: 5587: 5585: 5580: 5579: 5576: 5564: 5563: 5552: 5550: 5549: 5540: 5538: 5537: 5528: 5526: 5525: 5516: 5515: 5512: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5476: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5370: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5213:Aripara Falls 5211: 5209: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5199: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5167: 5163: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4981:Napier Museum 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4931: 4927: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4850:Kodikuthimala 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4830:Cheriyam hill 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4815:Banasura Hill 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4805:Arimbra hills 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4785:Ambanad Hills 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4766: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4695: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4587:Valiyaparamba 4585: 4583: 4582:Ramanthuruthu 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4562:Munroe Island 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4523: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4486:Palakkad Fort 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4466:Fort Emmanuel 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4427: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4355:Kollam Pooram 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4271: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4164:Malankara Dam 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4154:Karapuzha Dam 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4105: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4083:Edakkal Caves 4081: 4079: 4076: 4075: 4073: 4069: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4009: 4007: 4003: 3997: 3996:Varkala Beach 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3926:Muziris beach 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3827: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3735: 3729: 3726: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3696: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3630: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3610: 3608: 3606:Organisations 3604: 3600: 3593: 3588: 3586: 3581: 3579: 3574: 3573: 3570: 3560: 3548: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3521: 3517: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3496:Indira Gandhi 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3456: 3452: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3427: 3425: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3301: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3274:Pattathippara 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3249:Kumbhavurutty 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3231: 3229: 3225: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3164: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3122:Perinjankutti 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3047:Maruthappuzha 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3017:Kuthirappuzha 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2969:Kanjirappuzha 2967: 2965: 2964:Kalpathipuzha 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2929:Gayathripuzha 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2838: 2833: 2831: 2826: 2824: 2819: 2818: 2815: 2808: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2788: 2784: 2781: 2776: 2768: 2755: 2747: 2741: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2707: 2699: 2687: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2653: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2619: 2604: 2600: 2594: 2579: 2575: 2569: 2562: 2557: 2541: 2537: 2531: 2523: 2519: 2512: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2478: 2470: 2466: 2460: 2452: 2448: 2441: 2433: 2429: 2423: 2415: 2402: 2391: 2385: 2384: 2378: 2370: 2357: 2346: 2340: 2333: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2306: 2301: 2294: 2289: 2281: 2277: 2270: 2262: 2258: 2251: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2218: 2211: 2207: 2204: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2187: 2183: 2180: 2175: 2156: 2149: 2143: 2124: 2117: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2083: 2079: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2047: 2043: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2028: 2013: 2008: 2001: 1996: 1989: 1984: 1977: 1972: 1965: 1960: 1953: 1948: 1941: 1936: 1929: 1924: 1920: 1913: 1908: 1905: 1898: 1893: 1886: 1881: 1880: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1850: 1845: 1835: 1832: 1828: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1802: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1754: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1728: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1701: 1697: 1696: 1691: 1689: 1679: 1671: 1669:husk retting. 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1645:anthropogenic 1642: 1641: 1640: 1634: 1629: 1620: 1618: 1613: 1610: 1605: 1604:Munroe island 1594: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1569: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1540: 1537: 1535:West Kallada 1534: 1531: 1528: 1527: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1510: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1344:Thevalakkara 1343: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1311: 1307: 1305: 1304:Marcia recens 1301: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1269: 1266: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1215: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1171:phytoplankton 1161: 1156: 1146: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1082:Ceriops tagal 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 989: 984: 980: 979: 974: 972: 967: 963: 961: 957: 947: 938: 934: 931: 928: 923: 918: 908: 899: 895: 893: 889: 885: 881: 878: 874: 870: 866: 852: 850:Mangad Bridge 849: 848: 844: 841: 840: 837: 834: 833: 829: 826: 825: 821: 818: 817: 813: 810: 809: 805: 802: 801: 797: 794: 793: 789: 786: 785: 782: 770: 768: 765: 764: 760: 757: 754: 753: 749: 746: 743: 742: 738: 735: 732: 731: 727: 724: 721: 720: 716: 713: 711:IInd Thuruthu 710: 709: 705: 702: 699: 698: 694: 691: 688: 687: 684: 681: 679: 673: 671: 670:Munroe Island 663: 658: 648: 644: 640: 631: 627: 624: 620: 616: 615:Western Ghats 612: 608: 604: 603:Kallada River 599: 598:Kallada River 592:Kallada River 590: 581: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 540: 537: 533: 528: 526: 516: 507: 501:Perumon Kayal 498: 490: 482: 473: 464: 460: 451: 447: 429: 423: 418: 414: 412: 407: 405: 400: 398: 393: 391: 387: 382: 380: 375: 371: 362: 358: 356: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 328: 324: 320: 316: 314: 308: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 278: 274: 271: 269:(Census Town) 266: 262: 257: 254: 250: 247: 243: 242:Munroe Island 239: 236: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 179: 175: 171: 169: 165: 162: 161:Kallada River 159: 157: 151: 146: 142:8.967; 76.583 118: 112: 109: 105: 102: 98: 76: 67: 60: 55: 50: 42:അഷ്ടമുടി കായൽ 38: 33: 30: 19: 7997:Kollam Canal 7968: 7932:Sheds & 7871:Chandanattop 7793:Coastal Road 7719:Bus stations 7681:Thamarakulam 7671:Pallithottam 7574:Mulamkadakam 7473:Anchalumoodu 7466:North Kollam 7425:South Kollam 7241:Universities 7183:Other topics 7077:Anglo-Indian 7024:H&J Mall 6954:Cashew House 6849:Thanni Beach 6804:Kollam Beach 6708:Techno-lodge 6630:Kollam Taluk 6573:Central Zone 6518:Paravur Lake 6503:Kollam Beach 6462: 6256:Asan Barrage 6076:Sambhar Lake 6010:Tampara Lake 5995:Chilika Lake 5985:Anshupa Lake 5967:Pala Wetland 5893:Sakhya Sagar 5888:Bhoj Wetland 5836: 5796:Mansar Lakes 5749:Chandra Taal 5621:Kolleru Lake 5553: 5546: 5534: 5522: 5500:Thrissur Zoo 5434:Pathiramanal 5343:Thommankuthu 5233:Charpa Falls 4875:Nelliampathi 4835:Elivai Malai 4825:Chembra Peak 4800:Anginda peak 4780:Agastya Mala 4714:Kovilthottam 4678:Vadakkechira 4658:Pookode Lake 4653:Paravur Lake 4643:Oranju Poika 4622: 4542:Gundu Island 4516:William Fort 4491:Paloor Kotta 4471:Hosdurg Fort 4436:Arikady Fort 4350:Keralotsavam 4249:Thenmala Dam 4239:Siruvani Dam 4234:Sholayar Dam 4229:Pothundi Dam 4199:Pazhassi Dam 4179:Meenkara Dam 4169:Mangalam Dam 4129:Chimmony Dam 3901:Marari Beach 3881:Kollam Beach 3856:Cherai Beach 3800:Kandanissery 3744:Fantasy Park 3541:Pathiramanal 3491:Nehru Trophy 3392:Snehatheeram 3387:Shankumugham 3289:Thusharagiri 3239:Athirappilly 3203:Sasthamkotta 3177: 3152:Valapattanam 3112:Parambikulam 3087:Pallichelaru 3072:Muvattupuzha 3067:Muthirapuzha 2974:Kannadipuzha 2775: 2763:|title= 2740: 2728:. Retrieved 2716: 2706: 2674:. Retrieved 2662: 2652: 2640:. Retrieved 2628: 2618: 2606:. Retrieved 2602: 2593: 2581:. Retrieved 2577: 2568: 2556: 2544:. Retrieved 2540:Pensoft blog 2539: 2530: 2521: 2511: 2499:. Retrieved 2487: 2477: 2468: 2459: 2450: 2440: 2431: 2422: 2401:cite journal 2390: 2382: 2377: 2356:cite journal 2339: 2300: 2288: 2279: 2269: 2260: 2250: 2238:. Retrieved 2226: 2217: 2174: 2162:. Retrieved 2142: 2130:. Retrieved 2123:the original 2086:. Retrieved 2082:the original 2050:. Retrieved 2046:the original 1921:on its banks 1863:Jayabharathi 1856: 1847: 1833: 1829: 1826: 1759: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1725: 1702: 1699: 1694: 1693: 1685: 1676: 1638: 1614: 1600: 1591: 1588:Coir retting 1583: 1579: 1575: 1566: 1448:Thrikkaruva 1309: 1303: 1299: 1272: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1216: 1212: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1167: 1158: 1144: 1138: 1132: 1126: 1120: 1114: 1108: 1102: 1087: 1081: 1075: 1069: 1063: 1057: 1051: 1045: 1039: 1033: 1027: 1015: 1009: 986: 982: 976: 969: 965: 958: 953: 944: 935: 932: 922:Thenmala Dam 913: 896: 863: 780: 744:Padappakkara 739:Poothuruthu 682: 677: 674: 668: 645: 641: 637: 628: 619:Kulathupuzha 611:Kulathupuzha 601: 547:Considering 546: 529: 522: 513: 504: 496: 488: 479: 470: 461: 457: 448: 444: 408: 401: 394: 383: 378: 367: 345: 341: 337: 325:is a unique 310: 306: 305: 267: 258: 208:Water volume 192:Surface area 29: 8034:WikiProject 7987:Kollam Port 7664:West Kollam 7618:East Kollam 7589:Polayathode 7584:Pattathanam 7559:Kadappakada 7513:Vallikeezhu 7457:Valathungal 7452:Vadakkevila 7437:Koottikkada 6747:attractions 6718:Kollam Port 6587:Vadakkevila 6513:Vattakkayal 6345:Kollam Port 6264:West Bengal 6250:Uttarakhand 6235:Sur Sarovar 5949:Loktak Lake 5931:Thane Creek 5913:Maharashtra 5898:Sirpur Lake 5759:Renuka Lake 5657:Kanwar Lake 5639:Deepor Beel 5548:WikiProject 5238:Cheeyappara 4996:Teak Museum 4920:Vellarimala 4900:Urakam Hill 4880:Paithalmala 4697:Lighthouses 4683:Vanchikulam 4668:Veeranpuzha 4628:Biyyam Lake 4592:Vallarpadam 4577:Pulinkunnoo 4557:Kuruvadweep 4264:Walayar Dam 4259:Vazhani Dam 4224:Poomala Dam 4219:Ponmudi Dam 3976:Tanur beach 3896:Mappila Bay 3846:Bekal beach 3780:Anchuthengu 3754:Kottakkunnu 3684:Vallam kali 3461:Vallam kali 3435:Kettuvallam 3397:Tanur Beach 3382:Payyambalam 3234:Aruvikkuzhy 3218:Veeranpuzha 3142:Thuthapuzha 3132:Punnappuzha 3102:Pandippuzha 3022:Madatharuvi 3007:Kunthipuzha 3002:Kottappuzha 2894:Chalippuzha 2879:Ayalurpuzha 2869:Ambankadavu 2844:Hydrography 2694:|last= 2546:20 December 2088:20 November 1867:Adoor Bhasi 1762:New Zealand 1380:Neendakara 1333:Population 1324:Settlement 1002:eco-tourism 994:Terrestrial 962:officinalis 728:Peringalam 536:Velu Thampi 379:cheena vala 252:Settlements 140: / 115:Coordinates 8049:Categories 7866:Kilikollur 7861:Eravipuram 7781:City roads 7676:Tangasseri 7650:Kilikollur 7609:Uliyakovil 7549:Chinnakada 7539:Cantonment 7529:Andamukkam 7483:Kureepuzha 7447:Thattamala 7432:Eravipuram 6974:SMP Palace 6859:Healthcare 6592:Eravipuram 6582:Kilikollur 6395:Tangasseri 6086:Tamil Nadu 5926:Lonar Lake 5801:Wular Lake 5698:Nalsarovar 5675:Nanda Lake 5201:Waterfalls 4915:Vavul Mala 4910:Vagavurrai 4724:Manakkodam 4709:Tangasseri 4638:Mananchira 4476:Nedumkotta 4446:Bekal Fort 4335:Kanyarkali 4280:Aanayoottu 4204:Peechi Dam 4189:Neyyar Dam 4139:Idukki Dam 4005:Boat races 3876:Kappkadavu 3815:Tangasseri 3795:Kadavallur 3440:Palliyodam 3337:Kappkadavu 3284:Soochipara 3227:Waterfalls 3107:Papanasini 3077:Neerppuzha 3032:Malampuzha 2984:Karimpuzha 2924:Edamalayar 2914:Cheruthoni 2909:Cherupuzha 2864:Achankovil 2789:Fact sheet 2603:Onmanorama 2578:Onmanorama 2522:University 2488:dx.doi.org 2280:University 2261:University 2240:28 January 2132:7 February 2052:14 October 2023:References 1902:Lake near 1859:Prem Nazir 1705:pearl spot 1330:Household 1283:palaemonid 1183:Cyclotella 973:caseolaris 971:Sonneratia 888:sandstones 865:Quaternary 655:See also: 634:Neendakara 584:Topography 532:Ibn Batuta 386:Neendakara 317:), in the 289:Designated 200:Max. depth 7969:(defunct) 7798:Port Road 7705:Transport 7594:Pullikada 7579:Mundakkal 7544:Chamakada 7488:Maruthadi 7234:Education 6994:The Raviz 6941:Buildings 6533:Polachira 6523:Pozhikara 6450:Geography 6063:Rajasthan 5865:Tsomoriri 5811:Karnataka 5703:Thol Lake 5693:Khijadiya 5524:Templates 4810:Attappadi 4768:Mountains 4754:Kozhikode 4719:Alappuzha 4704:Vizhinjam 4461:East Fort 4273:Festivals 3723:(Defunct) 3669:Puli Kali 3362:Mundakkal 3357:Meenkunnu 3312:Alappuzha 3294:Vazhachal 3198:Punnamada 3178:Ashtamudi 3117:Payaswini 3052:Meenachil 2992:Korapuzha 2949:Kadalundi 2939:Ithikkara 2919:Chulliyar 2889:Chalakudy 2725:0971-751X 2717:The Hindu 2686:cite news 2671:0971-751X 2663:The Hindu 2637:0971-751X 2629:The Hindu 2451:The Hindu 2235:0971-751X 2227:The Hindu 2164:7 January 1647:pressure. 1431:Mulavana 1288:, edible 1191:Gyrozigma 1179:Borosigma 960:Avicennia 956:mangroves 902:Hydrology 790:Connects 609:from the 374:Alappuzha 350:Malayalam 338:Ashtamudi 330:ecosystem 49:Malayalam 8024:Category 7880:Services 7849:Stations 7803:QAC Road 7645:Karicode 7599:Thevally 7554:Cutchery 7493:Mathilil 6350:Nelcynda 5792:Surinsar 5536:Category 5000:Nilambur 4870:Mukurthi 4775:Aathanad 4734:Azhikode 4688:Vembanad 4567:Parumala 4340:Karivela 4285:Aaraattu 3810:Pattanam 3764:Wonderla 3698:Airports 3481:Aranmula 3269:Palaruvi 3264:Oliyarik 3213:Vembanad 3062:Mullayar 3042:Manimala 3037:Mangalam 3012:Kurumali 2979:Karamana 2899:Chaliyar 2783:Archived 2754:cite web 2206:Archived 2182:Archived 2155:Archived 1663:ceramics 1659:aluminum 1643:Intense 1518:Chavara 1484:Perinad 1465:Panayam 1203:Nitzschi 1199:Navicula 1195:Meloziva 1187:Cymbella 1164:Wildlife 884:laterite 880:alluvium 869:Tertiary 573:Alleppey 334:Vembanad 100:Location 7842:Railway 7625:Ayathil 7564:Karbala 7534:Asramam 7478:Kavanad 7442:Mevaram 7351:Schools 7034:Culture 7019:RP Mall 6745:Visitor 6660:Economy 6385:Kundara 6380:Paravur 6327:History 6169:Tripura 5959:Mizoram 5941:Manipur 5870:Tso Kar 5718:Haryana 5685:Gujarat 5014:Palaces 4929:Museums 4905:Vagamon 4895:Poomala 4890:Ponmudi 4860:Marayur 4795:Anamudi 4749:Beypore 4744:Ponnani 4739:Chetwai 4572:Pizhala 4552:Kavvayi 4525:Islands 3946:Ponnani 3886:Kovalam 3829:Beaches 3759:Vismaya 3407:Varkala 3347:Kovalam 3304:Beaches 3254:Manalar 3193:Paravur 3166:Lakes, 3127:Periyar 2997:Korayar 2959:Kallayi 2954:Kallada 1877:Gallery 1717:Varkala 1713:Paravur 1688:Kundara 1667:coconut 1597:Tourism 1572:Fishing 1556:277172 1279:penaeid 1275:copepod 1175:Amphora 992:in the 988:Calamus 941:Climate 917:estuary 877:fluvial 860:Geology 787:Bridges 623:wetland 607:Ponmudi 577:Paravur 519:History 327:wetland 265:Kundara 233:Islands 128:76°35′E 6319:Kollam 6020:Punjab 5977:Odisha 5857:Ladakh 5829:Kerala 4759:Kannur 3951:Poovar 3866:Kappad 3664:Pooram 3352:Marari 3342:Kollam 3332:Kappad 3327:Cherai 3244:Charpa 3097:Pambar 3082:Neyyar 2944:Kabini 2856:Rivers 2848:Kerala 2730:6 June 2723: 2676:6 June 2669: 2642:6 June 2635: 2608:6 June 2583:6 June 2501:6 June 2233: 1919:Quilon 1815:rubber 1805:marine 1721:Kannur 1709:mullet 1673:banks) 1633:Kollam 1553:69532 1546:Total 1532:Rural 1515:Rural 1507:39285 1498:Urban 1490:35173 1481:Urban 1471:25607 1462:Urban 1454:25432 1445:Urban 1437:35887 1428:Rural 1420:21820 1411:Rural 1394:Rural 1386:16976 1377:Urban 1369:16937 1360:Rural 1350:42977 1347:10473 1341:Rural 1286:Prawns 1209:Fishes 1160:Lake. 998:marine 990:rotang 985:) and 873:marine 613:hills 565:Kerala 549:Kollam 543:Access 390:cashew 370:Kollam 323:Kerala 256:Kollam 125:8°58′N 108:Kerala 45: 7980:Water 7911:Lines 6567:Zones 6365:Venad 5649:Bihar 5631:Assam 4729:Vypin 4616:Lakes 4602:Vypin 4429:Forts 4071:Caves 3454:Races 3423:Types 3416:Boats 3317:Bekal 3168:dams 3147:Tirur 3092:Pamba 2348:(PDF) 2158:(PDF) 2151:(PDF) 2126:(PDF) 2119:(PDF) 1541:1167 1524:6857 1521:1689 1504:9845 1487:8719 1468:6415 1451:6307 1434:9289 1417:5603 1403:9054 1400:2407 1383:4087 1366:4388 1327:Name 1321:S.No 1290:crabs 950:Flora 927:paddy 892:clays 342:Ashta 183:India 178:Basin 7712:Road 5478:Zoos 4390:Onam 4107:Dams 3027:Mahé 2767:help 2732:2024 2721:ISSN 2698:help 2678:2024 2667:ISSN 2644:2024 2633:ISSN 2610:2024 2585:2024 2548:2018 2503:2024 2414:help 2369:help 2242:2016 2231:ISSN 2166:2008 2134:2011 2090:2007 2054:2008 1869:and 1819:rice 1715:and 1635:city 1538:310 1281:and 1201:and 1006:IUCN 968:and 890:and 875:and 867:and 397:coir 346:mudi 7954:Air 5667:Goa 3445:Uru 2846:of 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