Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)

2171:. On 4 February 2012, the executive committee of the Ba'ath Movement released a communiqué condemning the provisional Tunisian government's expulsion of the Syrian ambassador. The Ba'ath Movement expressed solidarity with the Syrian protesters and condemned the shooting of unarmed demonstrators. The committee predicted that the Syrian ambassador's expulsion would militarise the conflict, mobilising Arab opinion against the government and leading to military intervention. After the revolution, the Arab Democratic Vanguard Party emerged as second "Iraqi" Baathist Party in Tunisia. Its membership is younger and its political position more at the left of the historically Baath Movement and is headed by Kheireddine Souabni and Ahmed Seddik. The Ba'ath Movement is a member of the 1130:. The two movements established separate National Commands; the National Command was in theory the highest party body in both movements and controlled their respective ba'athist movements. However, in both countries the National Command was under the control of its respective Regional Command. In the Iraqi-dominated Ba'ath movement, all National Command members came from their regional branch—for instance, there was always a member representing the Ba'ath Party branch in Jordan. In theory, the National Command was the highest party organ between national congresses, with the power to control the affairs of Regional Commands in other regions (countries). 1942:, the pro-Syrian Ba'ath organisation in Palestine had over the ba'athist movement. In contrast to al-Sa'iqa, the ALF never had access to a large recruitment pool. There were few Palestinians in Iraq, and the Palestinians living in Iraq were generally well-educated. Because of this, ALF could not and would never have the same degree of influence over the Palestinian movement as al-Sa'iqa did. This caused the ALF to be controlled by the pro-Iraq Ba'ath movement, thus weakening its effectiveness and influence, but saving it from infighting between 1857:, and Iraq–Mauritania relations became so close that (inaccurate) rumors circulated internationally that Saddam's family had taken refuge in the country following the American invasion. Repression against the ba'athists has not been reduced. In 2003, several ba'athists were jailed on suspicion of trying to overthrow the government. A reason for the close relationship between Iraq and Mauritania was the strength of the Mauritanian ba'athist party. The party was banned in 1999 following the official instauration of bilateral relations with 290: 159: 2065: 1522: 10174: 10662: 8606: 8270: 1169: 11444: 8668: 9576: 8321: 9417: 9173: 10714: 11866: 11002: 9990: 11983: 8849: 2156:. Omar Othman Belhadj, Secretary-General of the executive committee of the Ba'ath Movement, said that "Hussein's execution was symbolic, they did not kill a person but rather the ideas he represented and fought for. Hussein was killed for being against colonization and for being a defender of Arab unity and independence of Arab countries". He further noted that he did not support killing 1394:

Under previous Ba'ath-party rule, one could not reach a high position in the government or a school without becoming a party member and party membership was a prerequisite for university admission. While many Ba'athists joined for ideological reasons, many more were members because it was a way to better their options. Following pressure by the United States, the policy of

1684:

a trial began in which 25 Libyan Ba'athists were charged with membership in an illegal organisation and they were freed after torture. The following year, they were re-tried on the same charge: three were sentenced to death and others to life in prison. The arrests and trials of the 1980s led to the dissolution of the Libyan regional Ba'athist organisation.

1838:) to field candidates for senate elections. However, the party secured only one percent of the vote nationwide and did not secure a seat in either Parliament or the Senate. Kabry Ould Taleb Jiddou, the party's leader, was awarded the office of Secretary of State by the newly elected Government because of his electoral campaign. 2011:

The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Country of Sudan is the regional branch of the Ba'ath Party in Sudan. Kamal Bolad was the Regional Secretary in 1989 and Taiseer Mutassir was the Regional Secretary in 1990. While the branch has always been small, accounting for an estimated 1,000 members in 2003, it

1722:

The first pro-Iraqi activities was in 1968, but it was organizationally established in 1972. The Mauritanian Ba'athist divide their history into two phases: founding (1976–1982) and deployment (1982–1990). There is little available information on the 1968–1970 period and Ba'athist activity started in

1683:

Amr Taher Deghayes, founder of the Libyan Ba'ath branch, was later arrested by Gaddafi's security forces and died after three days in jail. Deghayes' death allegedly sparked a large anti-government demonstration (which was crushed), followed by the imprisonment of several leading Ba'athists. In 1982,

1489:

In its first regional congress since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the Regional Command alleged it would publicize an alleged letter from Saddam Hussein. However, the Jordanian press largely ignored the event. Today, in contrast to Ba'athist ideology both the pro-Iraq and pro-Syrian Ba'ath branches are

1458:

The party was able to gain some support in the 1990s because of its status as a Ba'ath Party branch and it was able to help finance thousands of scholarships to Iraqi universities. However, with the 2003 invasion of Iraq the party was nearly forced into bankruptcy and lost most of its followers when

1864:

Mohamed Ould Abdellahi Ould Eyye, the party's leader, was arrested in 2003 after a large anti-government protest demanding that the government break off relations with Israel and the United States and help Saddam Hussein. He and 13 other ba'athists were arrested by government forces and the party's

1599:

However, the existence of the pro-Iraqi Lebanese branch of the Ba'ath party has much longer roots. Following the 1966 split in the Ba'ath movement with party members split between Syrian and Iraqi allegiances, the Iraqi wing was led by Abd al-Majid Rafei. Other prominent members at the time of the

1364:

In Iraq, the Ba'ath party remained a civilian group and lacked strong support from the military. The party had little impact and the movement split into several factions after 1958 and again in 1966. The movement was reported to have lacked strong popular support, but through the construction of a

1679:

because the new administration proclaimed its goal as "liberty, socialism and unity", rather than "unity, liberty, socialism" (the Ba'ath Party's slogan). This change in order was important because of the ideological split between the Ba'athists and the Nasserists. Following Gaddafi's revolution,

1393:

and colleges—was criticized for blocking too many experienced people from participation in the new government. Thousands were removed from their positions, including doctors, professors, schoolteachers and bureaucrats. Many teachers lost their jobs, sparking protests at schools and universities.

1329:

The party was outlawed in the early 1990s and two Iraqi Intelligence Officials were detained on 14 April 1991 with $ 38,000 in their possession, money which the Egyptian authorities claimed was to be used to fund sabotage operations in Egypt. Several other Egyptian Ba'athists, including the poet

1607:

worked side by side in the National Front, but with tension increasing between the Syrian and Iraqi Ba'athist factions the two parties were on a war footing. The party was active in 1960s demonstrations and al-Rafei was detained by Lebanese authorities for his political activities, but he was a

1206:), is led by Ahmed Choutri (secretary of the Regional Command). The party is banned and Choutri was forced to flee to Iraq during the 1990s because of governmental repression against the Algerian Ba'ath movement. The party sympathises with the Iraqi Ba'athist insurgency and supports 1946:

and Ba'athists (a problem in al-Sa'iqa). However, the ALF's influence weakened periodically during its history due to infighting in the pro-Iraq Ba'ath movement. Because of the control the pro-Iraq Ba'ath movement had over the ALF, the ALF always held a pro-Iraqi position in the

2219:

The party carried out clandestine political activity until 1990 and was registered as the National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party on 10 February 1997. It had initially sought to register as the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in 1995, but that name was given by the authorities to the

1455:. A Jordanian academic, talking to the American embassy in Amman, Jordan, said that "there are far more real Ba'athists outside the party than inside", noting that the present party is downplaying (and even replacing) ideological components to get more followers. 1159:

leader of the Ba'ath Party on 3 January 2007. As Secretary of the Iraqi Regional Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, he was the highest-ranked surviving member of the former Ba'ath party. Since November 3 2020, the party is headed by Salah Al-Mukhtar.

10396: 1147:. Aflaq was elected Secretary-General of the National Command at the Ninth National Congress, held in February 1968 in Beirut, Lebanon, by the Iraqi-dominated Ba'ath Party. He retained his post until his death in 1989, when he was succeeded by 2148:) was established at its First Congress on 3–5 June 2011 and legally registered on 22 January 2011. However, ba'athists have been active in underground politics since the 1950s. The Ba'ath Movement celebrated the fifth anniversary of the 1699:

lawyer 'Umran Burweiss. The LNM (still in existence) was originally financed by Iraqi Ba'athists and produced relatively high-quality propaganda materials. For example, it issued audio cassettes which were smuggled into Libya with

1752:, the Ba'ath were harassed and in between 1982 and 1983 55 Ba'athists were arrested by the government. However, by 1986–1987 the Ba'ath had managed to infiltrate the officer corps and the enlisted ranks, making them a threat to 1447:, the popularity of the Ba'ath Party has largely diminished, but Ba'athist ideology remains popular. The reason being that both Ba'ath parties (the pro-Iraqi and the pro-Syrian) have replaced ideology with blind allegiance to 2243:

in alliance with the pro-Syrian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, winning seven seats. After the election, relations between the two Ba'athist groups soured and they contested further elections separately. The party contested the

2015:

After collaborating with the Arab nationalist Sudanese government for years, the Ba'ath Party broke off relations and became an opposition party in 1990—this would have disturbed Iraq if Sudan had not supported it during the

1632:

became a member, but no figures from the pro-Iraqi Ba'ath Party were given a seat on the committee. Tahsein al-Atrash, leader of the Ba'ath branch at the time, was shot dead in November 1981. The party was a member of the

6769: 1462:

The Ba'ath branch was denied legal registration in 1992. The party was legally registered in 1993, but forced to change its name from the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party to the Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party

5406: 1743:

to help them in their quest. In the period 1978–1984, the party intensified its effort of recruiting members within the military establishment. The Ba'ath party was one of the most fervent supporters of the

1277:

and contends that it is unfair for ethnic Bahrainis to compete equally with foreign workers for jobs. The Nationalist Democratic Assembly remains pro-Saddam Hussein and according to its webpage supports the

3328:[Political Report of the Second Congress of the Party, the Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard (XVII)] (in Arabic). Second Congress of the Socialist Lebanon Vanguard Party. Almansore.com. Archived from 1373:

to identify themselves as cultural heirs of Mesopotamia with a medieval-Islamic identity. Saddam Hussein sought to be seen as leader of a great neo-Mesopotamian Iraqi nation by having himself compared to

4831: 1365:

strong party apparatus the party succeeded in gaining power. The Iraqi-based party was originally committed to pan-Arabism (like its Syrian counterpart). After taking power in 1968, the party adopted

1428:, who joined the pro-Iraqi Ba'ath resistance in 1966, eventually became an ALF leader. From there, he climbed the party ladder and became a member of the National Command before he was placed under 6759: 6666: 6100: 5895: 4906: 10257: 4941:[Values of the Baath and the genius of the martyred leader Saddam Hussein's martyrdom day incarnation] (in Arabic). National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Yemen Region. Archived from 4804: 4099:"Mauritania Relations with Arab States - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System" 2260:, the party obtained 23,745 votes (0.4 percent of the national vote) and again failed to re-enter parliament. However, it won two district-council seats in the 2006 local council elections. 1497:

In a 1995 poll, 16.8 percent of Jordanians said they were aware that the Iraqi Ba'ath branch existed, making the Ba'ath branch the third-best-known political party in Jordan (surpassing the

8393: 10401: 10356: 1748:

policies in Mauritania. Because of their efforts, Mohammed Yehdih Ould Breideleil, the Ba'ath leader, was appointed Minister of Information for a short period in 1984. Under the rule of

11477: 10380: 1346:

in the 1970s, with pro-Baghdad and pro-Damascus groups competing for political dominance over the front. This split contributed to the downfall of the ELF and the emergence of the

6764: 5105:[National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in Hodeidah breaks its relationship with the ruling party after the massacre of peaceful protesters in Sanaa] (in Arabic). Felix News 5757: 12037: 19:

This article is about the pan-Arab Ba'ath Party, which is Iraqi-led but has branches in multiple countries. For the Ba'ath Party's regional branch established in 1951, see

1960: 11934: 10732: 8778: 6908: 6749: 6708: 2184: 856: 798: 12116: 1600:

split were Jihad George Karam, Rafiq Nasib Alfaqiya, Karam Mohamed Assahli, Hani Mohamed Shoiab, Ammar Mohamed Shabli, Hassan Khalil Gharib and Asaf Habin Alharakat.

8417: 4226: 3995: 2163:

Omar once told a journalist, "the Syrian regime has turned against the Ba'ath and is no longer Ba'athist one". The party does not support Syria's expulsion from the

1787:, the Ba'ath party lost its popular appeal and the financial aid from the Iraqi embassy dried up. By 1990, there was not much left of the original Ba'ath movement. 1997:

arrested Salem in October 2002. Shahir Abu Shahut, former leader of the Jordanian Ba'ath branch, led the Ba'ath branch in Palestine from 1970 to 1975 from Baghdad.

11572: 10875: 10457: 10306: 10159: 8381: 4711: 1826:

political force in the country. The branch has maintained good relations with the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party, even after Saddam Hussein's downfall following the

1350:

as the dominant liberation movement. A key pro-Iraqi Ba'athist was Abdel Gadir Jeilani, who became the leader of the ELF-PLF-Revolutionary Council in the 1980s.

9158: 4835: 1490:

considered largely irrelevant in the Jordanian political scene. It is suffering from financial problems and it is criticized by religious Jordanians for its

10137: 5032: 11429: 10737: 10699: 10572: 9564: 8653: 8306: 6698: 2037: 2006: 793: 10466: 9759: 9402: 8405: 6729: 5428: 1604: 1246:. The group is led by Hassan Ali as Secretary General and Mahmoud Kassab as Deputy Secretary General. It was established by Bahrainis who had studied in 719: 4910: 1822:

or PAGN), was founded in 1991 and it replaced the old Ba'ath movement which had disintegrated in 1990. The Mauritanian Ba'ath Party remains the largest

11854: 10987: 9975: 8029: 6943: 1389:(CPA) banned the Ba'ath party. The additional step the CPA took—banning all members of the top four tiers of the Ba'ath Party from the new government, 11904: 11019: 8834: 6776: 6754: 6656: 2221: 1299: 861: 819: 635: 4741: 4040: 11407: 10522: 9871: 9865: 9542: 9099: 8631: 8514: 8284: 6661: 4808: 1501:, the Syrian Ba'athist branch, by over 10 percent in the poll). In 2003 it was estimated that the party had fewer than 200 members. According to a 1359: 1140: 1133:

Delegates to a National Congress elected the members of the National Command, who were eligible for reelection. While the National Command had few

656: 242: 20: 11587: 5077:[Temporary leadership of the Baath Arab Socialist National freeze peace and fragmentation of the party accused] (in Arabic). Assafir Press 2200:) is led by Qassem Salam Said as Secretary of the Regional Command while Abdulwahid Hawash serves as Deputy Secretary. It publishes the newspaper 2052:. The following year, after the invasion of Iraq 80 Sudanese Ba'athists return to Sudan under the condition that they would stay out of politics. 10789: 3214: 1609: 9380: 9136: 3292: 12156: 12015: 10649: 9889: 8454: 5355: 1032: 840: 619: 598: 4613: 11832: 11453: 11169: 10965: 10677: 10498: 10341: 10121: 9953: 9877: 8499: 8059: 7506: 7119: 1861:. The National Vanguard Party was accused of developing plans in collaboration with the Iraqi government to foment unrest in the country. 1402:. This purported to ease the policy, but many feared it would lead to further dismissals. The Ba'ath Party was led by Saddam's former deputy 640: 550: 2040:, the body ruling Sudan, the Ba'ath branched was oppressed by the authorities. Later in 1990, 26 Ba'athi military officers were executed in 1680:

several People's Committees were established. These committees (which at the beginning were led by the people) arrested several ba'athists.

661: 12101: 9741: 9643: 8494: 7000: 6615: 888: 213:

and the other half with its leadership in Baghdad. The two Ba'ath parties retained the same name and maintained parallel structures in the

8812: 4098: 2012:

has been able to have a bigger impact than what its meager membership numbers would suggest, mostly due to Iraqi financing of the branch.

11929: 11816: 11391: 10450: 10419: 10152: 9895: 9364: 8615: 8399: 4259: 2786: 11024: 10386: 10065: 8887: 8439: 8014: 7442: 7254: 7236: 5240: 4648: 2759: 2049: 1835: 1127: 348: 210: 3394:[Political society as the "vanguard party, Arab Socialist Party of Lebanon] (in Arabic). Lebanon Knowledge Development Gateway 12106: 11625: 11144: 11086: 10633: 10617: 10280: 10227: 10126: 10075: 9330: 9151: 8590: 7015: 6993: 6973: 6646: 5208: 4479: 3046: 1629: 1182: 921: 593: 2044:

after a failed military coup. In 2002, a group led by Mohamad Ali Jadein broke away from the branch and established the independent

237:

several months later. The party's regional organisation governed Iraq between 1968 and 2003, for many years under the leadership of

12221: 12196: 12032: 11422: 10692: 10625: 9557: 9289: 9274: 9026: 8646: 8459: 8299: 8139: 8069: 8034: 6963: 6744: 6673: 2495: 1415: 1259: 677: 12136: 12121: 12027: 12020: 11653: 11097: 10516: 10372: 10219: 10168: 9395: 9055: 7999: 7104: 7083: 6933: 6629: 5763: 3244: 1831: 1505:

document dating back to 2007, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party figure Ahmed Al Dmour was considered one of the biggest threats to

1326:, whether by Israel, Turkey or Iran, as the party believes all such countries have ulterior motives and seek to undermine Syria. 578: 98: 1873:, abbreviated PTUN). However, while PTUN is close to the Iraqi Ba'ath party branch, the group is small and largely inactive. 12226: 12146: 11847: 11773: 11668: 10980: 10443: 10194: 10145: 9968: 9320: 9284: 8539: 7511: 2076: 1616:

al-Rafi was elected to parliament from Tripoli. Ali al-Khalil, a former member, was elected from Tyre. The party was active in

1533: 879: 4286: 12216: 12186: 12166: 12161: 12151: 12141: 12126: 11483: 10251: 10167: 10101: 9503: 8827: 6683: 6678: 4695: 4559: 4526: 4427: 4209: 4140: 3717: 3684: 3651: 3618: 3585: 3552: 3496: 3463: 3430: 3198: 3096: 3011: 2969: 2933: 2844: 2813: 2445: 2387: 2358: 1658: 1577: 1347: 735: 714: 7637: 5365: 1084:

Note: for the 1st–8th National Congresses, see the national congresses held by the unified, pre-February 1966 Ba'ath Party.

490: 299: 234: 12181: 12131: 12086: 12055: 11949: 11914: 11438: 11347: 10949: 10921: 10885: 10855: 10654: 9580: 9526: 9144: 8796: 8662: 8315: 7677: 7134: 7073: 5401: 5038: 2225: 1865:

headquarters were raided in May. Another pro-Iraqi Ba'ath party did take its place, the Party for Work and National Unity (

1263: 1255: 1251: 1144: 12211: 12206: 12201: 12191: 12171: 11791: 11415: 11317: 11250: 11154: 11124: 11074: 10685: 9550: 9411: 9167: 8639: 8509: 8339: 8292: 8049: 7994: 7204: 7169: 6734: 5132: 2714:[Democratic Rally: Do not drop the slogan of the system due to certain circumstances] (in Arabic). Islamtimes.org 1948: 756: 2889: 2733: 1963:) froze his seat on the committee in protest, instead of following the example (resignation) of the Rejectionist Front. 1723:

earnest in the early 1970s. The party's first clandestine congress was held in 1976. They opposed the rule of President

12176: 11870: 11342: 11189: 11139: 11038: 11011: 10996: 10865: 10708: 10609: 10588: 9984: 9447: 9388: 8763: 8726: 8489: 7989: 7159: 7114: 6860: 6827: 4936: 3323: 2257: 2245: 2240: 1025: 91: 4719: 1732: 12111: 12091: 12010: 11939: 11840: 10973: 10754: 9961: 9325: 9315: 8843: 8554: 8479: 8131: 8054: 7078: 6822: 6475: 5905: 4588: 4463: 4419: 4369: 4336: 4176: 3937: 3904: 3871: 3838: 3805: 3772: 3162: 3129: 2416: 2329: 2296: 2249: 1938:(ALF). The ALF was established in 1969 at a National Congress of the Iraqi-dominated Ba'ath Party to weaken the hold 1390: 11437: 9572: 8661: 8314: 1432:

by Iraqi authorities. Shahir Abu Shahut became the first leader of the party branch in Jordan after the 1966 split.

11363: 11337: 11235: 11184: 11149: 11056: 11050: 11044: 10296: 10208: 10116: 10111: 10040: 9824: 9259: 9109: 8820: 8504: 7919: 7911: 7575: 7224: 7219: 7209: 7010: 6983: 6724: 6485: 1498: 908: 682: 289: 11767: 11606: 11164: 11032: 10840: 10507: 10474: 10336: 10328: 10070: 10060: 9818: 9637: 9588: 9465: 9410: 9166: 8916: 7231: 6651: 6445: 6055: 5046: 1479: 1475: 1386: 1247: 1223: 614: 258: 246: 7657: 2252:. Said, the branch leader, was sued by the Ministry of Information in February 2000 over an article criticising 1286:, considering it an act of brutality against the Iraqi people. The party actively supports the overthrow of the 11797: 11716: 11696: 11471: 11322: 11275: 11174: 10361: 10184: 10025: 9918: 9771: 8731: 8363: 8079: 7841: 7435: 7053: 5423: 5258: 2588: 2554: 1846: 1757: 1753: 1613: 1399: 12096: 11862: 10995: 10707: 9983: 11924: 11683: 10531: 10391: 8375: 8369: 8345: 8330: 7264: 7174: 7129: 6050: 5293: 5201: 2626: 2595: 2561: 1970:

toppled the Iraqi-dominated Ba'ath Party, headquartered in Baghdad. This weakened the movement and since the

1728: 1565: 1018: 531: 7647: 7627: 7607: 5375: 5350: 5330: 1664: 1107: 540: 536: 195: 11562: 11230: 10911: 10604: 10596: 10564: 10096: 10055: 9498: 9011: 8923: 8842: 8529: 8484: 8474: 8024: 7984: 7974: 7523: 7058: 6015: 5965: 1842: 1749: 555: 108: 7540: 5102:حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي القومي بالحديدة يفك الارتباط بالحزب الحاكم بعد مجزرة صنعاء بحق المعتصمين سلمياً 4487: 4385: 4201: 11301: 11265: 11179: 11080: 11068: 10292: 9912: 9675: 9294: 9021: 8559: 8149: 7979: 7969: 7199: 7164: 7124: 7005: 6703: 6383: 5418: 4749: 4656: 4621: 3705: 2149: 2112: 2096: 1642: 1420:

At the time of the 1966 split, the Jordanian branch had an estimated 1,000 members. It was active in the

835: 560: 545: 4047: 2032:. Members have historically been torn between the Ba'ath and other secular party movements, such as the 11959: 11909: 11761: 11630: 11602: 11368: 11159: 10809: 10346: 10312: 9471: 9426: 8894: 8544: 8120: 8113: 8044: 7723: 7485: 7377: 7370: 7189: 7109: 6358: 6339: 5433: 4514: 4073: 3276:

Islamic Extremism in Kuwait: From the Muslim Brotherhood to Al-Qaeda and other Islamic Political Groups

3252: 2100: 1956: 1634: 454: 449: 3222: 3054: 12005: 11711: 11701: 11658: 11620: 11615: 11373: 11332: 11225: 10931: 10926: 10916: 10764: 9625: 9229: 8693: 8688: 8534: 8524: 8444: 8351: 8273: 8074: 7964: 7861: 7550: 7528: 7428: 7259: 7068: 6881: 3577: 3300: 2999: 1343: 226: 12081: 11785: 11755: 11663: 11643: 11327: 11260: 10890: 10799: 10794: 10050: 10035: 10005: 9859: 9493: 9016: 8768: 7582: 7179: 7030: 6145: 6080: 5930: 5630: 5194: 5124: 5037:[Arab political parties: Yemen: the Arab Socialist Baath Party, the National] (in Arabic). 4324: 3639: 3606: 3540: 3484: 3451: 3418: 2500: 2045: 2033: 1784: 1688: 1474:). Khalil Haddadeen, Jordan's former minister of information, was elected to Parliament during the 934: 1552:

As of 1983 the branch was led by Faisal al-Sani. The Kuwaiti Ba'ath Party branch collapsed during

11954: 11592: 11582: 11245: 11129: 11062: 10804: 10759: 10045: 9924: 9830: 9723: 9619: 9508: 9477: 9441: 8976: 8952: 8580: 8411: 8235: 8154: 7939: 7184: 6988: 6688: 6565: 6255: 5940: 5910: 5288: 5283: 5072: 4973: 4580: 2236:

branch of the party had sided with the uprising after violent attacks on protesters in the city.

2172: 2122: 1943: 1791: 1713: 751: 526: 318: 3245:"Jordanian Municipal Elections: The Islamist - Government Showdowns In Irbid, Karak, And Madaba" 11969: 11944: 11678: 11673: 11598: 11255: 11220: 11215: 11105: 10860: 10845: 10825: 10779: 10769: 10580: 10424: 10106: 10015: 9883: 9435: 9264: 9196: 9049: 8876: 8736: 8549: 7662: 7214: 7020: 6550: 6530: 6520: 6470: 6275: 6250: 6185: 6090: 6025: 5970: 5925: 5625: 5530: 5128: 4978:[Political parties in the Republic of Yemen] (in Arabic). National Information Center. 3117: 2025: 1994: 1977:

The ALF's first leader was Zaid Haydar from the Jordanian Ba'ath branch. Other leaders include

1804: 1403: 1207: 1152: 1066: 510: 430: 4687: 4518: 4455: 4361: 4328: 4132: 3999: 3929: 3896: 3863: 3830: 3797: 3764: 3709: 3676: 3643: 3610: 3521: 3488: 3455: 3352: 3190: 3003: 2803: 2437: 2379: 2350: 2321: 2288: 11884: 11706: 11532: 11465: 11210: 11194: 10835: 10551: 9844: 9777: 9704: 9114: 8870: 8220: 7954: 7949: 7826: 7806: 7617: 7587: 6806: 6693: 6545: 6495: 6270: 6065: 6045: 5868: 5818: 5679: 5610: 5448: 5314: 4551: 4168: 3741: 3544: 3422: 3371: 3154: 3121: 3088: 2961: 2925: 2734:"The statement of the Arab Baath Socialist Party of Egyptian on the aggression against Syria" 2593:[National Rally fifth Association announces boycott of the elections complementary]. 2408: 2024:. The party, which was small in 1990, was influential in certain sectors, was opposed to the 1935: 1882: 1827: 1646: 1395: 1283: 1115: 772: 520: 385: 273: 250: 2836: 11638: 11557: 11270: 10850: 9269: 9190: 9182: 8255: 8225: 8185: 8180: 8084: 7959: 7796: 6455: 6368: 6220: 6165: 6035: 5960: 5813: 5615: 4774: 3892: 2284: 1596:). It is the party branch in Lebanon. The branch held its second congress in October 2011. 1506: 1334:, were also detained in April 1991 on suspicion of involvement in an Iraqi terrorist plot. 1331: 415: 4880: 4386:"CNN - Albright praises new diplomatic ties between Israel, Mauritania - October 28, 1999" 2621: 2469: 1934:

A disorganised pro-Iraqi Ba'ath guerilla movement existed before the establishment of the

1841:

The branch supports full Arabization of the country, a view considered racist by critics.

8: 11964: 11821: 11648: 11134: 10880: 10870: 10774: 9942: 9453: 9031: 8982: 8801: 8713: 8620: 8464: 8245: 7602: 7535: 6865: 6570: 6413: 6280: 6235: 6205: 6190: 6030: 6020: 6010: 5995: 5340: 4979: 4544:

The Palestine Liberation Organization: Terrorism and Prospects for Peace in the Holy Land

4443: 4164: 3859: 3826: 3793: 3760: 3737: 3325:التقرير السياسي الصادر عن المؤتمر الثاني لحزب طليعة لبنان العربي الاشتراكي ( السابع عشر ) 2957: 2894: 2686:[Statement issued by the Nationalist Democratic Assembly] (in Arabic). Ahewar.org 2126: 3356:. London: I. B. Tauris in association with the Centre for Lebanese Studies, 2004. p. 331 11691: 11522: 10895: 10830: 10300: 10080: 9853: 9531: 9369: 9075: 8882: 8387: 8250: 8230: 8190: 8106: 8089: 8064: 7871: 7682: 7672: 7652: 7622: 7597: 7194: 7139: 6850: 6535: 6510: 6398: 6230: 6135: 5945: 5915: 5798: 5732: 5552: 5391: 5345: 5335: 5186: 4128: 3925: 3672: 3186: 3084: 1952: 1724: 1717: 1621: 1557: 495: 485: 230: 133: 128: 7866: 4680:

Darfur and the International Community: The Challenges of Conflict Resolution in Sudan

2709: 2531:[Nationalist Democratic Assembly] (in Arabic). Nationalist Democratic Assembly 1974:

coordinated much of the ALF's activities the ALF has also been considerably weakened.

12060: 11779: 11527: 11396: 11116: 10954: 10749: 9791: 9654: 8906: 8519: 8210: 7901: 7836: 7751: 7731: 7025: 6560: 6525: 6465: 6295: 6110: 6075: 6005: 6000: 5980: 5935: 5778: 5562: 5396: 4691: 4584: 4555: 4522: 4459: 4423: 4365: 4332: 4294: 4234: 4205: 4172: 4136: 3933: 3900: 3867: 3834: 3801: 3768: 3713: 3680: 3647: 3614: 3581: 3548: 3492: 3459: 3426: 3366: 3194: 3158: 3125: 3092: 3007: 2965: 2929: 2840: 2809: 2805:

Third World Colonialism and Strategies of Liberation: Eritrea and East Timor Compared

2441: 2412: 2383: 2354: 2325: 2292: 2276: 2021: 1850: 1777: 1773: 1375: 1366: 1287: 1210:, leader of the Iraqi branch. Following his return to Algeria in 2003, Choutri wrote 898: 500: 480: 222: 194:, until 2003. It is one of two parties (with identical names) which emerged from the 5001: 4832:"Tunisian Political Parties respond to the suspension of Syria from the Arab League" 2681: 11889: 11517: 10784: 9765: 9714: 9598: 9459: 9254: 9127: 8999: 8970: 8946: 8911: 8864: 8144: 7851: 7816: 7786: 7781: 7756: 7565: 7451: 7313: 7303: 7063: 6540: 6290: 6285: 6175: 6155: 6140: 5950: 5920: 5838: 5808: 5803: 5722: 5535: 5453: 5360: 3517: 2168: 1967: 1845:

introduced an anti-ba'athist policy which continued under his successor, President

1823: 1692: 1617: 1323: 1072: 1004: 961: 565: 113: 46: 2830: 12050: 11899: 11894: 11811: 11737: 11577: 11542: 11489: 11386: 10944: 10666: 10435: 10414: 10286: 9806: 9800: 9747: 9669: 9663: 9631: 9521: 9359: 8964: 8958: 8791: 8703: 8610: 8195: 8164: 8159: 8004: 7944: 7891: 7821: 7801: 7776: 7766: 7667: 7545: 7401: 6938: 6928: 6855: 6801: 6423: 6403: 6300: 6265: 6260: 6245: 6210: 6130: 6120: 6060: 5975: 5878: 5873: 5863: 5828: 5788: 5742: 5717: 5647: 5605: 5572: 5217: 5181: 5042: 4907:"Tunisie, Sondage : Ennahdha et Nidaa Tounes en tête des intentions de vote" 4858: 3958: 3573: 3150: 2205: 2190: 2157: 2141: 2130: 2118: 1978: 1915: 1866: 1815: 1795: 1672: 1583: 1561: 1464: 1452: 1425: 1319: 1305: 1229: 1199: 1188: 1123: 1119: 997: 425: 395: 390: 328: 199: 172: 144: 64: 4409: 4191: 3976: 2232:

this position caused an internal split. In March 2011, it was reported that the

11919: 11296: 11240: 10010: 9346: 9299: 9279: 9091: 9005: 8900: 8575: 8449: 8200: 8039: 7934: 7929: 7896: 7886: 7876: 7846: 7771: 7761: 7642: 7570: 7465: 7395: 7318: 6948: 6580: 6515: 6460: 6408: 6373: 6315: 6310: 6125: 6115: 6040: 5990: 5858: 5793: 5783: 5737: 5657: 5620: 5600: 5557: 5525: 5443: 5438: 5370: 5278: 5006: 4859:"Tunisia: Baath Party Condemns President's Decision to Expel Syrian Ambassador" 2153: 1971: 1769: 1761: 1704:

during the 1980s. The organisation also produced broadcasts for Radio Baghdad.

1668: 1638: 1274: 1148: 1060: 966: 460: 420: 410: 400: 375: 308: 238: 3293:"Kuwait Receives Iraqi Political Figures In Run-up To Parliamentary Elections" 1764:'s approval, expelled and banned Ba'athist personnel in the military in 1988. 205:

In 1966, the original Ba'ath Party was split in half; one half was led by the

12075: 11721: 10744: 10245: 9729: 9607: 8929: 8585: 8205: 7831: 7811: 7746: 7698: 7612: 7338: 7333: 6953: 6505: 6500: 6393: 6325: 6305: 6225: 6180: 6170: 6070: 5985: 5848: 5833: 5727: 4298: 4238: 3215:"Jordan's Political Parties: Islamists, Leftists, Nationalists And Centrists" 2859: 2048:, which has no affiliation with neither the pro-Iraq Ba'ath movement nor the 1436: 1398:

was addressed by the Iraqi government in January 2008 with its controversial

1267: 254: 158: 5074:قيادة مؤقتة لحزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي القومي تجمد سلام وتتهمه بتفتيت الحزب 4942: 3329: 1830:. The party was able to field candidates for parliamentary seats during the 11988: 11547: 11537: 10559: 9812: 9202: 8773: 8357: 8240: 7881: 7741: 7736: 7592: 7518: 7470: 7323: 7308: 6796: 6739: 6150: 5853: 5773: 5695: 5652: 5520: 5504: 5499: 5309: 5153: 5100: 5096: 5068: 5028: 4969: 4932: 4902: 4805:"Tunisian Baath Party Celebrates 5th Anniversary of Saddam Hussein's Death" 4122: 3385: 3178: 3076: 2705: 2677: 2649: 2584: 2550: 2522: 2253: 1939: 1696: 1429: 1111: 1051: 777: 380: 281: 183: 117: 1624:, the Lebanese parliament formed the National Dialogue Committee in 1975. 11749: 11567: 7856: 7713: 7560: 7555: 7501: 7480: 7353: 7328: 6958: 6575: 6320: 6240: 6215: 6200: 6195: 6160: 6085: 5843: 5823: 5700: 5674: 5158:"President Saleh calls on local councils to hold a meeting on 1 November" 2653: 2526: 2317: 2229: 2164: 2020:. In 1990, the party was composed largely of students who had studied in 1982: 1745: 1625: 1279: 1187:

The party branch in Algeria, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Algeria (

976: 405: 10661: 8605: 2876:

Encyclopedia of Nationalism: Leaders, Movements, and Concepts, Volume II

2064: 1521: 10173: 10030: 10020: 8698: 7791: 7708: 7703: 7632: 7348: 6555: 5955: 5157: 4778: 4683: 2029: 1765: 1491: 214: 1981:, Abd al-Rahim Ahmad and Mahmud Isma'il. Most recently, it was led by 1727:

and used most of their early years in trying to infiltrate the ruling

1168: 10263: 10239: 9753: 9735: 9613: 9249: 8683: 7475: 7343: 5413: 4745: 4652: 4617: 4483: 4480:"Summary Of Political Parties And Coalitions In Mauritania, May 2006" 4451: 4357: 3296: 3248: 3218: 3147:

Dancing with Saddam: The Strategic Tango of Jordanian–Iraqi Relations

3050: 2921: 1990: 1735:, the Ba'ath branch took the conscious decision of trying to recruit 1676: 1502: 1483: 1448: 1379: 981: 971: 121: 4614:"Sudan And The Arabs: Possibly Step-sisters; Certainly Not Brothers" 4511:

The Palestinian Liberation Organisation: People, Power, and Politics

2160:, saying that Gaddafi had a right to a fair trial like anyone else. 1582:

It is presently known as the Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party (

10351: 10233: 10202: 8758: 8721: 8215: 7924: 7420: 7099: 4547: 4415: 4197: 2233: 2167:

and asserts that foreign nations should play a neutral role in the

2121:, was established in 1955, but the Ba'ath Party was outlawed under 2041: 2017: 1986: 1854: 1612:. The party expanded during the first half of the 1970s and in the 1553: 1135: 515: 505: 206: 5034:الأحزاب السياسية العربية: اليمن: حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي القومي 11743: 11552: 11512: 11443: 9575: 8667: 8469: 8320: 1736: 1424:(ALF) and the ALF's first leader was the Jordanian, Zaid Haydar. 1243: 187: 77: 3321: 2951: 9416: 9172: 8434: 4260:"SADDAM SENDS FAMILY, OFFICIALS TO MAURITANIA, THE BBC REPORTS" 3389: 1858: 1370: 3047:"The Baath Party In Jordan: Short On Funds And Members Madaba" 1645:. Throughout its existence, it has controlled the Palestinian 171:(spelled "Ba'th" or "Baath", "resurrection" or "renaissance"; 12038:

Popular Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arabian Gulf

11865: 11001: 10713: 10492: 10486: 9989: 8019: 4577:

Dictionary of the African Left: Parties, Movements and Groups

4410:

Banks, Arhur S.; Muller, Thomas; Overstreet, William (2008).

4318: 4192:

Banks, Arhur S.; Muller, Thomas; Overstreet, William (2008).

2590:"التجمع القومي" خامس جمعية تعلن مقاطعتها للانتخابات التكميلية 2198:

Hizb Al-Ba'ath Al-Arabi Al-Ishtiraki Al-Qawmi – Qutr Al-Yaman

2036:. Because of Saddam Hussein's amicable relationship with the 1486:. Currently, the Ba'ath branch has no members of parliament. 1444: 4938:قيم البعث وعبقرية القائد الشهيد صدام حسين تجسدا يوم استشهاده 3989: 2711:التجمع الديمقراطي: عدم رفع شعار إسقاط النظام سببه ظروف معينة 2622:"Attorney Calls for further investigation into the incident" 1322:

of Syria, although calls for no foreign intervention in the

217:, but relations became so antagonistic that Syria supported 8848: 4354:

Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders

2658:[News] (in Arabic). Nationalist Democratic Assembly 2248:(failing to win any seats) and called for a boycott of the 2175:, a communist-dominated front with strong popular backing. 1926: 1494:, while others are weary of its Arab nationalist ideology. 1440: 1172:

Ba'athist Iraq's hegemonic ambitions between 1963 and 2003.

1139:

powers, many of its leading members also held seats in the

218: 191: 182:), also referred to as the pro-Iraqi Ba'ath movement, is a 10618:

Palestinian Popular Struggle Front (Khalid ‘Abd al-Majid)

4351: 2918:

The Future Catches Up: Transnational Parties and Democracy

2890:"Iraq's New Law on Ex-Baathists Could Bring Another Purge" 2881: 2434:

Steel & Silk: Men and Women who shaped Syria 1900–2000

4321:

Globalization, Human Security, and the African Experience

3996:

Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies

2801: 2189:

The National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Yemen Region (

1671:, a new revolutionary government was established, led by 1342:

Ba'athist organizations emerged in the leadership of the

5216: 5123: 4123:

Lane, Jan-Erik; Redissi, Hamadi; Ṣaydāwī, Riyāḍ (2009).

3975:. Vol. 111–12. London: IC Magazines. 1984. p. 3919: 3267: 2624:["النيابة" تطلب مواصلة التحري في حادث "الزنج"]. 4775:"Tunisian Baathists have strong standing: party leader" 4712:"Wide Reactions to Jadein Group Statement by Baathists" 3144: 2467: 2095:

The Syrian branch of the Iraqi-led party supported the

1459:

it failed to finance the return of students from Iraq.

4161:

A Political and Economic Dictionary of the Middle East

3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3023: 2996:

Nationalist Voices in Jordan: The Street and the State

2117:

The first Ba'athist branch in Tunisia, then under the

1620:

and was built with generous aid from Iraq. During the

3955:

Political Parties of the Middle East and North Africa

3666: 3570:

Political parties of the Middle East and North Africa

3322:

Socialist Lebanon Vanguard Party (29 December 2010).

2993: 2915: 2832:

Evil Days: Thirty Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia

11978: 10610:

Palestinian Popular Struggle Front (Samir Ghawshah)

4125:

Religion and Politics: Islam and Muslim Civilization

3391:جمعية سياسية باسم "حزب طليعة لبنان العربي الاشتراكي" 2038:

Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation

1809: 1250:

during the 1960s and 1970s. The party boycotted the

10876:

Sudanese Communist Party – Revolutionary Leadership

4442: 4046:. The Moor Next Door. November 2010. Archived from 4041:"An Overview of Ba'athist tendencies in Mauritania" 4035: 4033: 4031: 4029: 3020: 2887: 2224:. Politically, the party is allied with the ruling 2185:

National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Yemen Region

1568:, has been accused of trying to rebuild the party. 1196:

Hizb Al-Ba'ath Al-'Arabi Al-Ishtiraki fi Al-Jaza'ir

10465: 8030:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries 6944:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries 5129:"Yemen: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices" 4881:"Tunisia: Splintered history of the Tunisian Left" 4643: 4641: 4639: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4225:Anderson, Jack; Atta, Dale Van (20 January 1991). 4027: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4009: 3886: 3412: 2888:Paley, Amit R.; Joshua Partlow (23 January 2008). 2275: 1834:and was the only party (with the exception of the 1262:was boycotted by the party in solidarity with the 10523:Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine 4999: 4677: 4541: 2828: 2788:The Terrorist List: The Middle East, Volume 1 A-K 2496:"Bahrainis take to the streets over job security" 2431: 1242:) represents the Iraqi-dominated Ba'ath Party in 1151:. After Saddam was executed on 30 December 2006, 12073: 10573:Palestinian Liberation Front (Abu Nidal Ashqar) 8515:National Front of Independents for Understanding 5429:Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq 4574: 4287:"WAR IN THE GULF; Another Report On Hussein Kin" 3702:The Current Legal Regulation of the Use of Force 3699: 3636:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976 3633: 3603:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976 3600: 3537:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976 3534: 3481:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976 3478: 3448:The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967–1976 3445: 2795: 2402: 2373: 2344: 1849:. However, the Mauritanian Government supported 1731:and state institutions. In the aftermath of the 1472:Hizb Al-Ba'ath Al-'Arabi Al-Ishtiraki Al-Urduniy 1304:The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Egypt Region ( 4636: 4597: 4006: 3375:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985. p. 79 2683:بيان صادر عن التجمع القومي الديمقراطي في العراق 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2374:Ghareeb, Edmund A.; Dougherty, Beth K. (2004). 2345:Ghareeb, Edmund A.; Dougherty, Beth K. (2004). 227:U.S.-led coalition against Iraq in the Gulf War 12016:Organisation of Yemeni Revolutionary Resistors 10650:Politics of the Palestinian National Authority 10499:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 5356:National Council for the Revolutionary Command 4798: 4796: 4508: 3511: 3287: 3285: 3111: 1603:At first, the pro-Iraqi Ba'ath branch and the 1110:, which overthrew the Aflaqite faction led by 11848: 11423: 11170:Movement for Justice and Development in Syria 10981: 10693: 10451: 10153: 10122:National Conference for the Libyan Opposition 9969: 9558: 9396: 9152: 8828: 8647: 8500:National Party for Solidarity and Development 8300: 8060:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 7507:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine 7436: 7120:National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria 5202: 4158: 3952: 3567: 2195:حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي القومي - قطر اليمن 2007:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Region of Sudan 1593:Hizb Al-Taliyeh Lubnan Al-'Arabi Al-Ishtiraki 1026: 233:in Iraq for the first time in 1963, but were 8495:National Movement for Nature and Development 6907: 5152: 5095: 5067: 5027: 4931: 4909:(in French). Tunivisions.net. Archived from 4901: 4224: 3853: 3820: 3787: 3754: 3177: 3075: 2947: 2945: 2704: 2676: 2648: 2583: 2549: 2521: 2493: 2470:"Baath Party resumes underground activities" 2468:Belamry, Algiers-Ramada (8 September 2008). 2454: 1951:(PLO). The ALF was a founding member of the 1591: 1237: 9742:Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag) 9644:Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag) 4793: 4769: 4767: 3282: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2952:Matter, Philip; Fischbach, Michael (2005). 2808:. Cambridge University Press. p. 155. 2559:[Nationalist Democratic Assembly]. 2405:Conflict and Cooperation in the Gulf Region 2314:Bush in Babylon: The Recolonisation of Iraq 1313:Hizb Al-Ba'ath Al-Arabi Al-Ishtiraki – Misr 1290:, with a peaceful transition to democracy. 186:political party which was headquartered in 16:Iraqi-dominated faction of the Ba'ath party 11855: 11841: 11430: 11416: 10988: 10974: 10700: 10686: 10634:Revolutionary Palestinian Communist Party 10458: 10444: 10160: 10146: 10066:National Party for Development and Welfare 9976: 9962: 9565: 9551: 9403: 9389: 9159: 9145: 8835: 8821: 8654: 8640: 8440:Algerian Party for Democracy and Socialism 8307: 8293: 7443: 7429: 5209: 5195: 4856: 4829: 4802: 3514:The parliamentary election of Lebanon 1968 3273: 2311: 1871:Parti pour le Travail et l'Unité Nationale 1836:Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal 1300:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Egypt Region 1033: 1019: 157: 12117:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region 11626:Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties 10565:Palestinian Liberation Front (Abu Abbas) 10127:National Front for the Salvation of Libya 10076:Popular Front for the Liberation of Libya 7001:Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party 2942: 2489: 2487: 1741:The Baaʿth and the Haratine in Mauritania 1360:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region 889:Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party 243:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region 21:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region 11930:Nasserist Unionist People's Organisation 10790:Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North 9027:Chaldean Syriac Assyrian Popular Council 8140:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic 8070:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation 8035:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine) 6964:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation 4968: 4764: 4319:Thomas, Caroline; Wilkin, Peter (1999). 4071: 3814: 3384: 2978: 2870: 2868: 2822: 2784: 2616: 2614: 1959:. Abdel-Wahhab Kayyali (a member of the 1167: 12021:Revolutionary Democratic Party of Yemen 11098:Popular Front for Change and Liberation 10373:2023 Mauritanian parliamentary election 9056:Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress 8015:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction) 8000:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order 7105:Front of Patriotic and National Parties 7084:Palestinian National and Islamic Forces 6934:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order 3990:Shaked, Haim; Daniel Dishon (1983–84). 99:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order 12074: 11281:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) 11145:Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party 8888:Islamic Dawa Party – Iraq Organisation 8591:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Algeria 8010:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) 7016:Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party 4964: 4962: 4960: 4072:Archives, L. A. Times (29 June 1987). 2484: 2103:against the Syrian Ba'ath government. 1212:The Baathist Faith of President Saddam 1204:Parti Baath arabe socialiste d'Algérie 1183:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Algeria 1045: 922:Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party 12157:Political parties established in 1966 11836: 11411: 10969: 10681: 10439: 10141: 9957: 9546: 9384: 9140: 8816: 8635: 8288: 7424: 7285: 6906: 6613: 5474: 5256: 5190: 5000:al-Qiri, Mohammad (7 February 2009). 4975:الأحزاب السياسية في الجمهورية اليمنية 4352:East, Roger; Thomas, Richard (1999). 4154: 4152: 2865: 2611: 1578:Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party 1416:Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 1228:The Nationalist Democratic Assembly ( 1193:حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي في الجزائر 1163: 1088:9th National Congress (February 1968) 209:leadership of the Ba'ath Party which 11935:National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 11348:Kurdish Democratic Progressive Party 7450: 7135:Palestinian National Salvation Front 5039:United Nations Development Programme 4883:. MuslimNews.co.uk. 10 February 2013 4412:Political Handbook of the World 2008 4227:"MAURITANIA'S PERSECUTION OF BLACKS" 4194:Political Handbook of the World 2008 2378:. The Scarecrow Press, Ltd. p. 2349:. The Scarecrow Press, Ltd. p. 2059: 1610:Tripoli in the 1968 general election 1516: 1239:Al-Tajamu'u Al-Qawmi Al-Dimuqratiyah 1079: 180:Ḥizb al-Ba‘th al-‘Arabī al-Ishtirākī 12102:Banned political parties in Algeria 11318:Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria 11155:Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria 11075:Democratic Socialist Unionist Party 8050:National Liberation Front (Algeria) 7205:Socialist Democratic Unionist Party 7170:Democratic Socialist Unionist Party 5021: 5002:"Third Yemeni Ba'ath party planned" 4957: 3913: 3274:al-Mdaires, Falah Abdullah (2010). 3053:. 22 September 2005. Archived from 2209: 2194: 2134: 1949:Palestinian Liberation Organization 1799: 1675:. The government was recognised as 1587: 1468: 1318:The party supports the removing of 1309: 1273:The party opposes the government's 1233: 1192: 1128:a Syrian-dominated ba'ath movements 1091:10th National Congress (March 1970) 176: 13: 11484:Democratic Patriots' Unified Party 11343:Kurdish National Alliance in Syria 11190:Kurdish National Alliance in Syria 11140:Syrian Democratic Turkmen Movement 10102:Libyan Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 9448:National Islamic Alliance (Taalof) 8764:National Democratic Action Society 8727:National Democratic Action Society 8490:Movement of National Understanding 7990:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria) 7512:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 7255:General Federation of Trade Unions 7115:Lebanese National Resistance Front 6828:National Progressive Front (Syria) 4834:. Tunisia-live.net. Archived from 4807:. Tunisia-live.net. Archived from 4748:. 26 February 1985. Archived from 4284: 4149: 2802:Awet Tewelde Weldemichael (2013). 1659:Libyan Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 1637:, a political organisation led by 1509:dominance on the political scene. 1469:حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي الاردني 1348:Eritrean People's Liberation Front 461:The Genius of Arabic in Its Tongue 14: 12238: 10886:Sudanese People's Socialist Front 8480:Movement for Democracy in Algeria 8055:Palestine Liberation Organization 7286: 7079:Palestine Liberation Organization 6823:National Progressive Front (Iraq) 6476:Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai 5906:Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur 5175: 3920:Leslie Simmons, Geoffrey (1993). 3299:. 20 January 2010. Archived from 2862:, London, 24–30 June 1978, p. 78. 12107:Banned political parties in Iraq 11981: 11950:Social Nationalist Party – Yemen 11864: 11442: 11364:Assyrian Democratic Organization 11150:Arab Revolutionary Workers Party 11057:Syrian Communist Party (Unified) 11051:Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash) 11000: 10712: 10660: 10508:Palestinian National Initiative 10172: 10117:Muslim Association of the Lictor 10112:Libyan National Democratic Front 10041:Libyan Popular National Movement 9988: 9574: 9415: 9171: 8847: 8666: 8604: 8505:Movement for Youth and Democracy 8319: 8269: 8268: 7995:Arabian Peninsula People's Union 7678:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 6984:Arab Revolutionary Workers Party 6614: 5888:Members of the Regional Commands 3922:Libya: The Struggle for Survival 3145:Schenker, David Kenneth (2003). 2954:Encyclopedia of the Palestinians 2878:. Academic Press, 2001. Pp. 240. 2129:, the Tunisian Ba'ath Movement ( 2063: 1588:حزب طليعة لبنان العربي الاشتراكي 1520: 1315:) is an active branch in Egypt. 909:Arab Revolutionary Workers Party 288: 12222:Transnational political parties 12197:Socialist parties in Mauritania 11768:Democratic Constitutional Rally 11251:Syrian–Lebanese Communist Party 11165:Democratic Arab Socialist Union 11033:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 10169:Political parties in Mauritania 10071:Party of Reform and Development 9638:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 9466:Islamic Constitutional Movement 8917:Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq 8569:Unrecognized or illegal parties 7638:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 7232:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 5366:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 5146: 5117: 5089: 5061: 4993: 4925: 4895: 4873: 4850: 4830:Ajmi, Sana (13 November 2011). 4823: 4742:"The Syrian Muslim Brotherhood" 4734: 4718:. 10 April 2003. Archived from 4704: 4671: 4655:. 30 April 2003. Archived from 4649:"Return Of Sudanese Ba'athists" 4568: 4535: 4502: 4472: 4448:Africa South of the Sahara 2004 4436: 4403: 4378: 4345: 4312: 4278: 4252: 4218: 4185: 4116: 4091: 4065: 3992:Middle East Contemporary Survey 3983: 3965: 3946: 3880: 3847: 3781: 3748: 3726: 3693: 3660: 3627: 3594: 3561: 3528: 3505: 3472: 3439: 3406: 3378: 3359: 3344: 3315: 3237: 3207: 3171: 3138: 3105: 3069: 2909: 2853: 2778: 2752: 2726: 2698: 2670: 2642: 2577: 2543: 1435:Since the establishment of the 1387:Coalition Provisional Authority 1310:حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي- مصر 1224:Nationalist Democratic Assembly 1126:split into Iraqi-dominated and 1101: 247:Coalition Provisional Authority 221:against Iraq during the bloody 12137:Nationalist parties in Lebanon 12122:Nationalist parties in Algeria 11798:National Destourian Initiative 11717:Voice of the People of Tunisia 10467:Political parties in Palestine 10026:Justice and Construction Party 9919:Popular Nasserist Organization 9772:Popular Nasserist Organization 9290:Democratic Popular Unity Party 8732:Progressive Democratic Tribune 8460:Democratic and Social Movement 8364:National Construction Movement 8080:Union of Arab Republics (1972) 7842:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz 7054:Alliance of Palestinian Forces 5475: 4857:Ajmi, Sana (5 February 2012). 4620:. 1 April 1990. Archived from 3415:The war for Lebanon, 1970–1985 3372:The War for Lebanon, 1970-1985 3251:. 26 July 2007. Archived from 3114:Political parties in the World 2994:Anderson, Bette Signe (2005). 2916:Goldman, Ralph Morris (2002). 2835:. Human Rights Watch. p. 2556:جمعية التجمع القومي الديمقراطي 2515: 2425: 2396: 2367: 2338: 2305: 2269: 1421: 1400:Accountability and Justice Act 1260:2011 parliamentary by-election 1: 12227:Left-wing nationalist parties 12147:Pan-Arabist political parties 11925:Nasserist Reform Organisation 11654:Justice and Development Party 11597:Democratic and Social Union ( 10626:Reform and Development Party 10597:Palestinian Democratic Union 9260:Arab Ba'ath Progressive Party 8376:Justice and Development Front 8346:Movement of Society for Peace 7265:General Union of Syrian Women 7175:Kurdistan Revolutionary Party 7130:Palestinian National Alliance 5402:Revolutionary Command Council 5294:Syrian Committee to Help Iraq 4803:Ajmi, Sana (4 January 2012). 4486:. 15 May 2006. Archived from 3669:Civil war in Lebanon, 1975–92 3221:. 20 May 2003. Archived from 2760:"Two Iraqi Plotters Detained" 2376:Historical Dictionary of Iraq 2347:Historical Dictionary of Iraq 2263: 1707: 1695:organisation, was founded by 1566:Iraqi National Dialogue Front 1499:Ba'ath Arab Progressive Party 1484:pro-Iraqi, Saddamist platform 1145:Revolutionary Command Council 1097:12th National Congress (1992) 1094:11th National Congress (1977) 532:Syrian Committee to Help Iraq 143:Black, red, white and green ( 12217:Socialist parties in Tunisia 12187:Socialist parties in Lebanon 12167:Socialist parties in Bahrain 12162:Socialist parties in Algeria 12152:Parties of one-party systems 12142:Nationalist parties in Syria 12127:Nationalist parties in Egypt 11774:Progressive Democratic Party 11669:National Front for Salvation 11439:Political parties in Tunisia 11231:League of Nationalist Action 10922:National Democratic Alliance 10912:Forces of Freedom and Change 10729:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 10605:Palestinian Freedom Movement 10589:Palestinian Communist Party 10371:Parties dissolved after the 9581:Political parties in Lebanon 9504:National Democratic Alliance 9499:Kuwaiti Progressive Movement 9331:Revolutionary People's Party 9321:National Liberation Movement 9096:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 9061:Council of Free Shabaks (1) 9012:Assyrian Democratic Movement 8993:Reserved Christian seats (5) 8924:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan 8663:Political parties in Bahrain 8540:Progressive Republican Party 8530:National Republican Alliance 8475:Islamic Renaissance Movement 8316:Political parties in Algeria 8025:Federation of Arab Republics 7985:Arab Socialist Union (Libya) 7975:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt) 7576:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 7524:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 7074:National Democratic Alliance 7059:Forces of Freedom and Change 6056:Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i 6016:Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi 5966:Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri 2785:Mickolus, Edward F. (2009). 2258:2003 parliamentary elections 2138:Haraket Al-Ba'ath Al-Tounisi 1876: 1832:1992 parliamentary elections 1750:Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla 556:Syrian occupation of Lebanon 264: 211:established a party in Syria 7: 12182:Socialist parties in Jordan 12132:Nationalist parties in Iraq 12087:1966 establishments in Iraq 11905:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 11302:Muslim Brotherhood in Syria 11266:Socialist Cooperation Party 11081:Social Democratic Unionists 11069:Arab Democratic Union Party 11020:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 10532:Palestinian People's Party 9913:Progressive Socialist Party 9676:Progressive Socialist Party 9412:Political parties in Kuwait 9275:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 9214:National Unity Movement (5) 9168:Political parties in Jordan 9069:Unrepresented in parliament 9043:Reserved minority seats (3) 9022:Beth Nahrin Patriotic Union 8455:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 8150:Flag of the Arab Federation 7980:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq) 7970:Arab Socialist Action Party 7200:Social Democratic Unionists 7165:Arab Democratic Union Party 6861:National Defense Battalions 5257: 5219:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 4074:"Mauritania Cuts Iran Ties" 3887:Metz, Helen Chapin (2004). 3706:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 3413:Rabinovich, Itamar (1985). 2494:Mahdi, Mazdi (2 May 2010). 2246:1997 parliamentary election 2241:1993 parliamentary election 1847:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya 1820:Parti Avant-Garde nationale 1810: 1758:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya 1754:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya 1643:Progressive Socialist Party 1592: 1252:2002 parliamentary election 1238: 698: 561:Assadist-Saddamist conflict 169:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 92:National Defense Battalions 33:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 10: 12243: 12212:Socialist parties in Syria 12207:Socialist parties in Sudan 12202:Socialist parties in Yemen 12192:Socialist parties in Libya 12172:Socialist parties in Egypt 11960:Yemen Renaissance Movement 11910:Democratic Nasserist Party 11871:Political parties in Yemen 11762:Socialist Destourian Party 11635:Expatriate Tunisians' Call 11612:Socialist Destourian Party 11280: 11039:Arab Socialist Union Party 11012:National Progressive Front 10997:Political parties in Syria 10866:Socialist Republican Party 10810:Sudanese National Alliance 10709:Political parties in Sudan 10655:Lists of political parties 9985:Political parties in Libya 9472:Justice and Peace Alliance 9226:Civil Democratic Party (1) 9211:National Islamic Party (7) 8895:Kurdistan Democratic Party 8545:Republican Patriotic Rally 8121:On the Way of Resurrection 8114:The Battle for One Destiny 8045:Lebanese National Movement 7486:Third International Theory 7378:On the Way of Resurrection 7371:The Battle for One Destiny 7160:Arab Socialist Union Party 7110:Lebanese National Movement 6340:Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab 6051:Abd al-Khaliq al-Samarra'i 4678:Barltrop, Richard (2010). 4542:Baracskay, Daniel (2011). 4515:Cambridge University Press 3667:O'Ballance, Edgar (1998). 2829:Alexander De Waal (1991). 2432:Moubayed, Sami M. (2006). 2250:1999 presidential election 2182: 2110: 2106: 2050:pro-Syrian Ba'ath movement 2004: 1880: 1739:. They started publishing 1729:Mauritanian People's Party 1711: 1656: 1635:Lebanese National Movement 1575: 1571: 1413: 1357: 1337: 1297: 1221: 1217: 1180: 1176: 814: 455:The Battle for One Destiny 450:On the Way of Resurrection 245:was banned in 2003 by the 177:حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي 36:حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي 18: 12177:Socialist parties in Iraq 12056:List of political parties 12046: 12028:National Liberation Front 12011:National Democratic Front 12006:Alliance of Yemeni Tribes 11998: 11976: 11940:National Solidarity Party 11915:General People's Congress 11877: 11817:List of political parties 11807: 11792:Democratic Alliance Party 11730: 11712:Unionist Democratic Union 11659:Maghrebi Republican Party 11621:Congress for the Republic 11563:Republican People's Union 11505: 11452: 11392:List of political parties 11382: 11374:Assyrian Democratic Party 11356: 11333:Kurdish Supreme Committee 11310: 11289: 11203: 11125:Democratic People's Party 11115: 11096: 11010: 10950:List of political parties 10940: 10932:Sudan Revolutionary Front 10927:National Redemption Front 10917:National Consensus Forces 10904: 10856:People's Democratic Party 10818: 10755:Democratic Unionist Party 10722: 10645: 10544: 10473: 10420:List of political parties 10410: 10370: 10326: 10273: 10218: 10193: 10182: 10089: 9998: 9938: 9905: 9843: 9790: 9713: 9703: 9685: 9653: 9626:Lebanese Democratic Party 9597: 9587: 9527:List of political parties 9517: 9486: 9425: 9365:List of political parties 9355: 9339: 9308: 9285:Democratic People's Party 9242: 9230:Jordanian Communist Party 9220:Jordanian Labor Party (2) 9181: 9125: 9084: 9068: 9042: 8992: 8939: 8857: 8844:Political parties in Iraq 8797:List of political parties 8787: 8751: 8712: 8694:National Justice Movement 8689:Al-Menber Islamic Society 8676: 8616:List of political parties 8599: 8568: 8535:Party of Algerian Renewal 8525:National Movement of Hope 8510:National Democratic Front 8445:Algerian Popular Movement 8428:Non-parliamentary parties 8427: 8394:Freedom and Justice Party 8352:Democratic National Rally 8340:National Liberation Front 8329: 8264: 8173: 8130: 8098: 8075:Unified Political Command 7965:Arab Nationalist Movement 7910: 7862:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi 7722: 7691: 7658:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 7529:1979 Khuzestan insurgency 7494: 7458: 7387: 7362: 7296: 7292: 7281: 7260:General Union of Peasants 7247: 7152: 7092: 7069:National Consensus Forces 7046: 7039: 6972: 6921: 6917: 6902: 6882:Revolutionary Youth Union 6874: 6843: 6836: 6815: 6789: 6717: 6639: 6628: 6624: 6609: 6594: 6484: 6444: 6437: 6382: 6357: 6350: 6334: 6099: 5894: 5887: 5756: 5710: 5688: 5667: 5640: 5593: 5586: 5545: 5513: 5492: 5485: 5481: 5470: 5384: 5323: 5302: 5271: 5267: 5252: 5226: 4575:Lain, Donald Ray (1989). 3700:Cassese, Antonio (1986). 3634:El-Khazen, Farid (2000). 3601:El-Khazen, Farid (2000). 3535:El-Khazen, Farid (2000). 3479:El-Khazen, Farid (2000). 3446:El-Khazen, Farid (2000). 3278:. Routledge. p. 217. 3000:University of Texas Press 2403:Kostiner, Joseph (1998). 2226:General People's Congress 2222:pro-Syria Ba'athist party 1922: 1910: 1902: 1894: 1889: 1811:Hizb Al-Taliyeh Al-Watani 1785:Iraq's invasion of Kuwait 1512: 1409: 1406:until his death in 2020. 1344:Eritrean Liberation Front 1266:. It is headquartered in 933: 920: 907: 897: 887: 849: 828: 807: 786: 765: 744: 728: 707: 691: 670: 649: 628: 607: 586: 491:November 1963 coup d'état 347: 337: 327: 317: 307: 156: 151: 139: 127: 107: 87: 73: 60: 52: 42: 30: 12112:Banned socialist parties 12092:Arab nationalism in Iraq 11644:Green Party for Progress 11328:Kurdish National Council 11261:Arab Liberation Movement 11045:Socialist Unionist Party 10891:Sudanese Socialist Union 10800:Sudanese Communist Party 10051:National Forces Alliance 10036:Libyan National Movement 9860:Lebanese Communist Party 9494:Civil Conservative Party 9326:National Socialist Party 9017:Assyrian Patriotic Party 8779:Al Wafa Islamic Movement 8769:Bahrain Freedom Movement 8555:Socialist Workers' Party 7583:1952 Egyptian revolution 7210:Socialist Unionist Party 7180:Libyan National Movement 7006:Arabic Toilers' Movement 6910:Associated organizations 6770:National Security Bureau 6718:Syrian-dominated faction 6146:Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan 6081:Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi 5931:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed 5631:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed 5546:Syrian-dominated faction 5242:Syrian-dominated faction 5125:United States Government 5101: 5073: 5033: 4974: 4937: 4325:Lynne Rienner Publishers 3734:Guerrillas for Palestine 3640:Harvard University Press 3607:Harvard University Press 3541:Harvard University Press 3485:Harvard University Press 3452:Harvard University Press 3419:Cornell University Press 3390: 3365:Rabinovich, Itamar, and 3324: 2791:. ABC-CLIO. p. 405. 2710: 2682: 2654: 2589: 2555: 2528:التجمع القومي الديمقراطي 2527: 2239:The party contested the 2178: 2146:Mouvement Baath tunisien 2113:Tunisian Ba'ath Movement 2055: 2000: 1689:Libyan National Movement 1652: 1605:pro-Syrian Ba'ath branch 1558:Iraqi invasion of Kuwait 1293: 1234:التجمع القومي الديمقراطي 349:Baath Party (pro-Syrian) 12033:People's Vanguard Party 11955:Union of Popular Forces 11338:Kurdish Future Movement 11290:Banned Islamist parties 11185:Kurdish Future Movement 11130:Syrian Turkmen Assembly 11087:Arab Socialist Movement 11063:National Covenant Party 10841:National Congress Party 10805:Sudanese Congress Party 10760:Islamic Socialist Party 10581:Palestinian Arab Front 10061:National Movement Party 10046:National Centrist Party 9925:National Dialogue Party 9724:Free Patriotic Movement 9620:Free Patriotic Movement 9509:Popular Action Movement 9478:Kuwait Democratic Forum 9442:Islamic Salafi Alliance 9316:Communist Toilers Party 8977:Kurdistan Justice Group 8953:New Generation Movement 8940:Minor political parties 8858:Major political parties 8581:Islamic Salvation Front 8412:Algerian National Front 8236:Palestinian nationalism 8155:Flag of the Arab Revolt 7648:1966 Syrian coup d'état 7628:1963 Syrian coup d'état 7608:1961 Syrian coup d'état 7185:National Covenant Party 6989:Arab Socialist Movement 6640:Iraqi-dominated faction 6566:Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji 6256:Mohammad Jihad al-Laham 5941:Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash 5911:Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun 5514:Iraqi-dominated faction 5434:1979 Ba'ath Party Purge 5424:Union of Arab Republics 5376:1966 Syrian coup d'état 5351:1963 Syrian coup d'état 5331:1954 Syrian coup d'état 5289:Arab Socialist Movement 5233:Iraqi-dominated faction 4509:Cobban, Helena (1984). 3856:Libya: a Modern History 3823:Libya: a Modern History 3790:Libya: a Modern History 3757:Libya: a Modern History 3512:Zumiyya, Jamal (1972). 3112:Day, Alan John (2002). 2123:Zine El Abidine Ben Ali 1961:PLO Executive Committee 1957:PLO's Ten Point Program 1955:in 1974, rejecting the 1792:National Vanguard Party 1714:National Vanguard Party 1630:pro-Syrian Ba'ath Party 1353: 1275:naturalisation policies 1108:1966 Syrian coup d'état 551:Intervention in Lebanon 339:Baath Party (pro-Iraqi) 129:Political position 11970:Yemeni Socialist Party 11679:Popular Unity Movement 11495:Independent lists (52) 11323:Democratic Union Party 11276:Communist Labour Party 11256:Syrian Communist Party 11175:Democratic Union Party 10861:Republican Brotherhood 10846:National Islamic Front 10826:Anti-Imperialist Front 10780:Popular Congress Party 10770:Liberal Party of Sudan 10552:Arab Liberation Front 10425:Politics of Mauritania 10107:Libyan Communist Party 9825:National Liberal Party 9265:Islamic Centrist Party 9217:Blessed Land Party (2) 9197:National Charter Party 9050:Hareth Shanshal Sunaid 8877:State of Law Coalition 8737:Islamic Action Society 8677:Pro-government parties 8550:Socialist Forces Front 7663:1969 Libyan revolution 7541:1941 Iraqi coup d'état 7215:Syrian Communist Party 7021:Palestinian Arab Front 6551:Muhammad Naji al-Otari 6531:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi 6521:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi 6471:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi 6276:Muhammad Naji al-Otari 6251:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi 6186:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi 6091:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi 6026:Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi 5971:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri 5926:Jamal Mustafa Abdullah 5626:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri 5531:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri 4285:Ap (25 January 1991). 4159:Seddon, David (2004). 3953:Tachau, Frank (1994). 3889:Libya: a Country Study 3568:Tachau, Frank (1994). 3118:University of Michigan 2436:. Cune Press. p. 2026:National Islamic Front 1995:Israeli Defence Forces 1870: 1819: 1404:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri 1208:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri 1173: 1153:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri 1141:Iraqi Regional Command 1067:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri 579:Regional organisations 431:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri 11885:Al-Ahrar Organization 11707:Tunisian Pirate Party 11533:Free Destourian Party 11478:Voice of the Republic 11466:25th of July Movement 11195:Reform Party of Syria 11025:pan-Arab organization 10795:Sudanese Ba'ath Party 10733:Organization of Sudan 9845:17 October Revolution 9819:Independence Movement 9115:Arab Liberation Front 9105:pan-Arab organization 8382:Good Governance Front 8221:Jordanian nationalism 7955:Arab Islamic Republic 7950:Arab Higher Committee 7827:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani 7807:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 7618:North Yemen civil war 7551:Arab–Israeli conflict 7031:Sudanese Ba'ath Party 6546:Muhammad Mustafa Mero 6496:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 6271:Muhammad Mustafa Mero 6066:Nayef Shindakh Thamer 5819:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 5680:Abd al-Majid al-Rafei 5315:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 3854:Wright, John (1981). 3821:Wright, John (1981). 3788:Wright, John (1981). 3755:Wright, John (1981). 2407:. VS Verlag. p. 2281:Iraq: A Country Study 2046:Sudanese Ba'ath Party 1985:and headquartered in 1936:Arab Liberation Front 1883:Arab Liberation Front 1881:Further information: 1828:2003 invasion of Iraq 1647:Arab Liberation Front 1614:1972 general election 1439:political systems in 1422:Arab Liberation Front 1284:2003 invasion of Iraq 1171: 1124:original Ba'ath Party 1116:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 935:Sudanese Ba'ath Party 546:Corrective Revolution 386:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 225:; it also joined the 11697:Social Liberal Party 11639:Free Patriotic Union 11583:Farmers' Voice Party 11558:Tunisian Alternative 11271:Arab Communist Party 11246:Arab Ba'ath Movement 11180:National Youth Party 10851:Nuba Mountains Union 10097:Arab Socialist Union 10056:National Front Party 9191:Islamic Action Front 8256:Tunisian nationalism 8226:Lebanese nationalism 8186:Egyptian nationalism 8181:Algerian nationalism 8085:United Arab Republic 7960:Arab Liberation Army 7940:Arab Ba'ath Movement 7797:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 7125:National Union Front 6456:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 6414:Abdul Halim Khaddam 6369:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 6221:Abdul-Karim al-Jundi 6166:Fahd Jassem al-Freij 6036:Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi 5961:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 5814:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 5616:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 5587:Regional Secretaries 5284:Arab Ba'ath Movement 5127:(23 February 2001). 4935:(29 December 2010). 4165:Taylor & Francis 3893:Kessinger Publishing 3860:Taylor & Francis 3827:Taylor & Francis 3794:Taylor & Francis 3761:Taylor & Francis 3738:Taylor & Francis 3183:Jordan in Transition 3081:Jordan in Transition 2874:Alexander J. Motyl. 2708:(17 February 2012). 2652:(15 November 2007). 2553:(15 November 2007). 2525:(15 November 2007). 2285:Kessinger Publishing 2228:and during the 2011 2119:unified Ba'ath Party 1564:, the leader of the 1507:Islamic Action Front 1332:Muhammad Afifi Matar 416:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 319:Arab Ba'ath Movement 11965:Yemeni Labour Party 11822:Politics of Tunisia 11684:Popular Unity Party 11649:Green Tunisia Party 11236:Arab National Party 11135:Syrian Turkmen Bloc 11106:People's Will Party 10881:Sudanese Nile Party 10871:Sudan Liberal Party 10775:National Umma Party 10667:Politics portal 10183:Represented in the 9943:Politics of Lebanon 9454:Popular Action Bloc 9032:Sons of Mesopotamia 8983:Iraqi Turkmen Front 8802:Politics of Bahrain 8621:Politics of Algeria 8611:Politics portal 8465:El-Infitah Movement 8370:Voice of the People 8246:Sahrawi nationalism 7603:1959 Mosul uprising 7536:Great Syrian Revolt 7248:Other organizations 7190:Popular Unity Party 7040:Political alliances 6571:Wael Nader al-Halqi 6438:Heads of government 6281:Abdul Qadir Qaddura 6236:Abdul Halim Khaddam 6206:Mohammad al-Hussein 6191:Wael Nader al-Halqi 6031:Taha Yassin Ramadan 6021:Aziz Saleh Al-Numan 6011:Ali Hassan al-Majid 5996:Latif Nassif Jassim 5486:General Secretaries 5419:Corrective Movement 5341:1959 Mosul uprising 5156:(18 October 2006). 5133:Department of State 5031:(23 October 2009). 4980:Government of Yemen 4913:on 24 February 2013 4781:. 23 September 2011 4722:on 18 November 2006 4444:Europa Publications 3353:Lebanon and Arabism 3303:on 30 December 2013 2958:Infobase Publishing 2895:The Washington Post 2312:Ali, Tariq (2004). 2127:Tunisian Revolution 2034:Sudanese communists 1790:Another party, the 1768:strongly supported 1665:coup d'état of 1969 1449:Saddamist discourse 1046:Secretaries General 11692:Reform Front Party 11523:Democratic Current 11498:Unfilled seats (7) 11369:Syriac Union Party 11160:Syriac Union Party 10081:Union for Homeland 9532:Politics of Kuwait 9370:Politics of Jordan 9208:Progress Party (8) 8883:Islamic Dawa Party 8714:Opposition Parties 8251:Syrian nationalism 8231:Libyan nationalism 8191:Greater Mauritania 8107:The Arab Awakening 8090:United Arab States 8065:Rejectionist Front 7872:Gamal Abdel Nasser 7683:Yemeni unification 7673:Lebanese Civil War 7653:17 July Revolution 7623:Ramadan Revolution 7598:14 July Revolution 7140:Rejectionist Front 6536:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm 6511:Nureddin al-Atassi 6399:Nureddin al-Atassi 6231:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm 6136:Nureddin al-Atassi 6046:Ali Salih al-Sa'di 5946:Salih Mahdi Ammash 5916:Ghanim Abdul-Jalil 5869:Ali Salih al-Sa'di 5799:Nureddin al-Atassi 5733:Nureddin al-Atassi 5611:Ali Salih al-Sa'di 5563:Abdullah al-Ahmar 5553:Nureddin al-Atassi 5449:De-Ba'athification 5392:17 July Revolution 5346:Ramadan Revolution 5336:14 July Revolution 4716:Sudan Vision Daily 4583:. pp. 58–60. 4291:The New York Times 4129:Ashgate Publishing 4053:on 2 February 2016 3957:. Westport, Conn: 3926:Palgrave Macmillan 3673:Palgrave Macmillan 3350:Solh, Raghid El-. 3187:Palgrave Macmillan 3085:Palgrave Macmillan 2587:(16 August 2011). 2277:Metz, Helen Chapin 2214:Arabic Renaissance 2202:Al-Ehyaa Al-'Arabi 2135:حركة البعث التونسي 2097:Muslim Brotherhood 2075:. You can help by 2028:and was staunchly 1953:Rejectionist Front 1890:Palestinian branch 1800:حزب الطليعة الوطني 1725:Moktar Ould Daddah 1718:Sawab (Mauritania) 1622:Lebanese Civil War 1532:. You can help by 1396:de-Ba'athification 1385:In June 2003, the 1174: 1164:Branches by region 1057:Vacant (1989–1992) 893:1960–1962/63 521:De-Ba'athification 496:17 July Revolution 486:Ramadan Revolution 12097:Ba'athist parties 12069: 12068: 12061:Politics of Yemen 11830: 11829: 11780:Ettajdid Movement 11538:Long Live Tunisia 11528:Dignity Coalition 11472:People's Movement 11405: 11404: 11397:Politics of Syria 11241:Arab Ba'ath Party 10963: 10962: 10955:Politics of Sudan 10765:Liberal Democrats 10750:Binaa Sudan Party 10675: 10674: 10433: 10432: 10329:regional councils 10322: 10321: 10185:National Assembly 10135: 10134: 9951: 9950: 9934: 9933: 9792:March 14 Alliance 9705:National Assembly 9699: 9698: 9655:March 14 Alliance 9540: 9539: 9427:National Assembly 9378: 9377: 9295:Progressive Party 9134: 9133: 8907:Badr Organization 8810: 8809: 8629: 8628: 8520:Natural Law Party 8406:New Algeria Front 8282: 8281: 8211:Iraqi nationalism 7902:Constantin Zureiq 7752:Abdul Rahman Arif 7732:Butrus al-Bustani 7418: 7417: 7414: 7413: 7410: 7409: 7277: 7276: 7273: 7272: 7153:Political parties 7148: 7147: 7026:Socialist Lebanon 6898: 6897: 6894: 6893: 6890: 6889: 6785: 6784: 6631:Regional branches 6605: 6604: 6601: 6600: 6590: 6589: 6561:Riyad Farid Hijab 6526:Mahmoud al-Ayyubi 6433: 6432: 6419: 6346: 6345: 6296:Hikmat al-Shihabi 6111:Abdullah al-Ahmar 6076:Hardan al-Tikriti 6006:Adnan Khayr Allah 6001:Rashid Taan Kazim 5936:Salah Omar al-Ali 5779:Abdullah al-Ahmar 5752: 5751: 5582: 5581: 5568: 5466: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5099:(30 March 2011). 4905:(February 2013). 4697:978-1-84511-977-5 4561:978-0-313-38151-5 4528:978-0-521-27216-2 4429:978-0-87289-528-7 4266:. 18 January 1991 4211:978-0-87289-528-7 4142:978-0-7546-7418-4 4078:Los Angeles Times 3719:978-90-247-3247-0 3686:978-0-312-21593-4 3653:978-0-674-08105-5 3620:978-0-674-08105-5 3587:978-0-313-26649-2 3554:978-0-674-08105-5 3498:978-0-674-08105-5 3465:978-0-674-08105-5 3432:978-0-8014-9313-3 3367:Itamar Rabinovich 3200:978-0-312-29538-7 3098:978-0-312-29538-7 3013:978-0-292-70625-5 2971:978-0-8160-5764-1 2935:978-0-595-22888-1 2846:978-1-56432-038-4 2815:978-1-107-03123-4 2764:New Straits Times 2680:(28 March 2003). 2447:978-1-885942-40-1 2389:978-0-8108-4330-1 2360:978-0-8108-4330-1 2101:Islamist uprising 2093: 2092: 1932: 1931: 1903:Secretary-General 1808: 1550: 1549: 1376:Nebuchadnezzar II 1367:Iraqi nationalism 1288:existing monarchy 1282:. It opposed the 1264:Bahraini uprising 1080:National Congress 1043: 1042: 946: 945: 899:Socialist Lebanon 870: 869: 541:1966 coup d'états 360: 359: 229:. The Ba'athists 165: 164: 43:General Secretary 12234: 11991: 11986: 11985: 11984: 11869: 11868: 11857: 11850: 11843: 11834: 11833: 11631:Democratic Party 11518:Heart of Tunisia 11447: 11446: 11432: 11425: 11418: 11409: 11408: 11357:Assyrian parties 11005: 11004: 10990: 10983: 10976: 10967: 10966: 10785:Sudan Change Now 10717: 10716: 10702: 10695: 10688: 10679: 10678: 10665: 10664: 10637: 10629: 10621: 10613: 10600: 10592: 10584: 10576: 10568: 10555: 10535: 10526: 10511: 10502: 10460: 10453: 10446: 10437: 10436: 10313:State of Justice 10191: 10190: 10177: 10176: 10162: 10155: 10148: 10139: 10138: 10006:Democratic Party 9993: 9992: 9978: 9971: 9964: 9955: 9954: 9766:Dignity Movement 9715:March 8 Alliance 9711: 9710: 9599:March 8 Alliance 9595: 9594: 9579: 9578: 9567: 9560: 9553: 9544: 9543: 9460:Thawabit Al-Umma 9420: 9419: 9405: 9398: 9391: 9382: 9381: 9255:Al-Resalah Party 9223:Growth Party (1) 9176: 9175: 9161: 9154: 9147: 9138: 9137: 9128:Politics of Iraq 9000:Babylon Movement 8971:Victory Alliance 8947:Emtidad Movement 8912:Al-Sadiqoun Bloc 8852: 8851: 8837: 8830: 8823: 8814: 8813: 8671: 8670: 8656: 8649: 8642: 8633: 8632: 8609: 8608: 8324: 8323: 8309: 8302: 8295: 8286: 8285: 8272: 8271: 8145:Eagle of Saladin 7852:Amin al-Husseini 7817:Faisal I of Iraq 7787:Sultan al-Atrash 7782:Mansur al-Atrash 7757:Abdul Salam Arif 7566:War of Attrition 7452:Arab nationalism 7445: 7438: 7431: 7422: 7421: 7314:Arab nationalism 7304:Anti-imperialism 7294: 7293: 7283: 7282: 7064:March 8 Alliance 7044: 7043: 6976: 6975:Breakaway groups 6919: 6918: 6911: 6904: 6903: 6841: 6840: 6667:Regional Command 6637: 6636: 6632: 6626: 6625: 6618: 6611: 6610: 6541:Mahmoud Al-Zoubi 6488: 6448: 6442: 6441: 6415: 6386: 6361: 6355: 6354: 6291:Farouk al-Sharaa 6286:Hammouda Sabbagh 6176:Ibrahim al-Hadid 6156:Mahdi Dakhlallah 6141:Shibli al-Aysami 6103: 5951:Hussein Al-Awadi 5921:Saad Abdul-Majid 5898: 5892: 5891: 5839:Akram al-Hawrani 5809:Shibli al-Aysami 5804:Mansur al-Atrash 5766: 5765:National Command 5760: 5723:Shibli al-Aysami 5591: 5590: 5564: 5536:Salah Al-Mukhtar 5490: 5489: 5483: 5482: 5472: 5471: 5454:Syrian civil war 5361:Ar-Rashid revolt 5269: 5268: 5261: 5254: 5253: 5243: 5234: 5220: 5211: 5204: 5197: 5188: 5187: 5182:Official website 5170: 5169: 5167: 5165: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5093: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5045:. Archived from 5025: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5014: 4997: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4966: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4945:on 25 April 2012 4929: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4899: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4827: 4821: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4811:on 10 March 2012 4800: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4771: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4738: 4732: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4675: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4645: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4610: 4595: 4594: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4539: 4533: 4532: 4506: 4500: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4440: 4434: 4433: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4382: 4376: 4375: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4256: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4222: 4216: 4215: 4189: 4183: 4182: 4156: 4147: 4146: 4120: 4114: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4069: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4052: 4045: 4037: 4004: 4003: 3987: 3981: 3980: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3950: 3944: 3943: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3884: 3878: 3877: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3752: 3746: 3745: 3740:. 1976. p. 3730: 3724: 3723: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3664: 3658: 3657: 3631: 3625: 3624: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3476: 3470: 3469: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3410: 3404: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3382: 3376: 3363: 3357: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3332:on 25 April 2012 3319: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3289: 3280: 3279: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3241: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3175: 3169: 3168: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3043: 3018: 3017: 2991: 2976: 2975: 2949: 2940: 2939: 2913: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2885: 2879: 2872: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2730: 2724: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2646: 2640: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2618: 2609: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2581: 2575: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2519: 2513: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2491: 2482: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2465: 2452: 2451: 2429: 2423: 2422: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2371: 2365: 2364: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2309: 2303: 2302: 2273: 2211: 2196: 2169:Syrian Civil War 2136: 2125:. Following the 2088: 2085: 2067: 2060: 2018:1991 Gulf crisis 1968:invasion of Iraq 1927:alfpalestine.org 1887: 1886: 1824:Arab nationalist 1813: 1803: 1801: 1693:Arab-nationalist 1618:Southern Lebanon 1595: 1589: 1545: 1542: 1524: 1517: 1470: 1311: 1241: 1235: 1194: 1122:and others, the 1073:Salah Al-Mukhtar 1035: 1028: 1021: 1007: 1005:Socialism portal 1000: 962:Arab nationalism 942: 929: 916: 885: 884: 584: 583: 566:Syrian civil war 356: 305: 304: 292: 269: 268: 251:invasion of Iraq 198:of the original 178: 161: 114:Arab nationalism 103: 96: 83: 69: 47:Salah Al-Mukhtar 28: 27: 12242: 12241: 12237: 12236: 12235: 12233: 12232: 12231: 12072: 12071: 12070: 12065: 12051:Portal:Politics 12042: 11994: 11987: 11982: 11980: 11974: 11900:Arab Hope Party 11895:Al-Rashad Union 11873: 11863: 11861: 11831: 11826: 11812:Politics Portal 11803: 11756:Communist Party 11738:Young Tunisians 11726: 11702:Socialist Party 11578:Current of Love 11543:Machrouu Tounes 11501: 11490:Tunisia Forward 11457: 11456:Representatives 11455: 11454:Assembly of the 11448: 11441: 11436: 11406: 11401: 11387:Portal:Politics 11378: 11352: 11311:Kurdish parties 11306: 11285: 11204:Defunct parties 11199: 11111: 11092: 11006: 10999: 10994: 10964: 10959: 10945:Portal:Politics 10936: 10900: 10896:Workers' Forces 10814: 10738:Region of Sudan 10718: 10711: 10706: 10676: 10671: 10659: 10641: 10635: 10627: 10619: 10611: 10598: 10590: 10582: 10574: 10566: 10553: 10540: 10533: 10524: 10509: 10500: 10478: 10476: 10469: 10464: 10434: 10429: 10415:Portal:Politics 10406: 10366: 10327:Represented in 10318: 10287:Hope Mauritania 10269: 10214: 10178: 10171: 10166: 10136: 10131: 10085: 9994: 9987: 9982: 9952: 9947: 9930: 9901: 9839: 9836:Independent (3) 9807:Future Movement 9801:Lebanese Forces 9786: 9783:Independent (5) 9748:Marada Movement 9695: 9681: 9670:Lebanese Forces 9664:Future Movement 9649: 9632:Marada Movement 9583: 9573: 9571: 9541: 9536: 9522:Portal:Politics 9513: 9482: 9421: 9414: 9409: 9379: 9374: 9360:Portal:Politics 9351: 9335: 9304: 9238: 9235:Youth Party (1) 9177: 9170: 9165: 9135: 9130: 9121: 9080: 9064: 9038: 8988: 8965:Tasmim Alliance 8959:Ishraqat Kanoon 8935: 8853: 8846: 8841: 8811: 8806: 8792:Portal:Politics 8783: 8747: 8708: 8704:Economists Bloc 8672: 8665: 8660: 8630: 8625: 8603: 8595: 8564: 8423: 8325: 8318: 8313: 8283: 8278: 8260: 8196:Greater Morocco 8169: 8165:Pan-Arab colors 8160:Hawk of Quraish 8126: 8094: 7945:Arab Federation 7906: 7892:Abdullah Rimawi 7867:Mostéfa Merarda 7822:Muammar Gaddafi 7802:Ahmed Ben Bella 7777:Jamal al-Atassi 7767:Bashar al-Assad 7718: 7687: 7668:Black September 7546:Anglo-Iraqi War 7490: 7454: 7449: 7419: 7406: 7402:Pan-Arab colors 7396:Arḍ ul-Furātayn 7383: 7358: 7288: 7269: 7243: 7144: 7088: 7035: 6994:Damascus branch 6974: 6968: 6939:Free Iraqi Army 6929:Al-Abud Network 6913: 6909: 6886: 6870: 6856:Fedayeen Saddam 6851:Ba'ath Brigades 6832: 6811: 6802:Sawt al-Jamahir 6781: 6760:Central Command 6713: 6630: 6620: 6616: 6597: 6586: 6486: 6480: 6446: 6429: 6424:Bashar al-Assad 6404:Ahmad al-Khatib 6384: 6378: 6359: 6342: 6330: 6301:Hammud al-Shufi 6266:Zuhair Masharqa 6261:Ibrahim Makhous 6246:Ahmad al-Khatib 6211:Hisham Ikhtiyar 6131:Rifaat al-Assad 6121:Bashar al-Assad 6101: 6095: 6061:Talib El-Shibib 5976:Saadoun Ghaidan 5896: 5883: 5879:Khaled Yashruti 5874:Talib El-Shibib 5864:Abdullah Rimawi 5829:Wahib al-Ghanim 5789:Bashar al-Assad 5764: 5758: 5748: 5743:Bashar al-Assad 5718:Hammud al-Shufi 5706: 5684: 5663: 5648:Abdullah Rimawi 5636: 5606:Talib El-Shibib 5578: 5573:Bashar al-Assad 5541: 5509: 5477: 5458: 5380: 5319: 5298: 5263: 5259: 5248: 5241: 5232: 5222: 5218: 5215: 5178: 5173: 5163: 5161: 5160:. Almotamar.net 5151: 5147: 5137: 5135: 5122: 5118: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5094: 5090: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5066: 5062: 5052: 5050: 5049:on 2 April 2012 5043:Arab parliament 5035: 5026: 5022: 5012: 5010: 4998: 4994: 4984: 4982: 4976: 4967: 4958: 4948: 4946: 4939: 4930: 4926: 4916: 4914: 4900: 4896: 4886: 4884: 4879: 4878: 4874: 4864: 4862: 4861:. AllAfrica.com 4855: 4851: 4841: 4839: 4838:on 9 March 2012 4828: 4824: 4814: 4812: 4801: 4794: 4784: 4782: 4773: 4772: 4765: 4755: 4753: 4740: 4739: 4735: 4725: 4723: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4698: 4676: 4672: 4662: 4660: 4647: 4646: 4637: 4627: 4625: 4624:on 11 July 2013 4612: 4611: 4598: 4591: 4573: 4569: 4562: 4540: 4536: 4529: 4507: 4503: 4493: 4491: 4478: 4477: 4473: 4466: 4441: 4437: 4430: 4408: 4404: 4394: 4392: 4390:edition.cnn.com 4384: 4383: 4379: 4372: 4350: 4346: 4339: 4317: 4313: 4303: 4301: 4283: 4279: 4269: 4267: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4243: 4241: 4231:Washington Post 4223: 4219: 4212: 4190: 4186: 4179: 4157: 4150: 4143: 4121: 4117: 4107: 4105: 4097: 4096: 4092: 4082: 4080: 4070: 4066: 4056: 4054: 4050: 4043: 4039: 4038: 4007: 3994:. Vol. 8. 3988: 3984: 3973:The Middle East 3971: 3970: 3966: 3959:Greenwood Press 3951: 3947: 3940: 3918: 3914: 3907: 3885: 3881: 3874: 3852: 3848: 3841: 3819: 3815: 3808: 3786: 3782: 3775: 3753: 3749: 3732: 3731: 3727: 3720: 3698: 3694: 3687: 3665: 3661: 3654: 3632: 3628: 3621: 3599: 3595: 3588: 3574:Greenwood Press 3566: 3562: 3555: 3533: 3529: 3516:. Vol. 2. 3510: 3506: 3499: 3477: 3473: 3466: 3444: 3440: 3433: 3411: 3407: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3383: 3379: 3364: 3360: 3349: 3345: 3335: 3333: 3326: 3320: 3316: 3306: 3304: 3291: 3290: 3283: 3272: 3268: 3258: 3256: 3255:on 13 June 2012 3243: 3242: 3238: 3228: 3226: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3201: 3176: 3172: 3165: 3151:Lexington Books 3143: 3139: 3132: 3110: 3106: 3099: 3074: 3070: 3060: 3058: 3057:on 15 June 2013 3045: 3044: 3021: 3014: 2992: 2979: 2972: 2950: 2943: 2936: 2914: 2910: 2900: 2898: 2886: 2882: 2873: 2866: 2858: 2854: 2847: 2827: 2823: 2816: 2800: 2796: 2783: 2779: 2769: 2767: 2766:. 15 April 1991 2758: 2757: 2753: 2743: 2741: 2732: 2731: 2727: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2703: 2699: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2675: 2671: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2647: 2643: 2633: 2631: 2620: 2619: 2612: 2602: 2600: 2591: 2582: 2578: 2568: 2566: 2557: 2548: 2544: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2520: 2516: 2506: 2504: 2492: 2485: 2475: 2473: 2472:. alarabiya.net 2466: 2455: 2448: 2430: 2426: 2419: 2401: 2397: 2390: 2372: 2368: 2361: 2343: 2339: 2332: 2310: 2306: 2299: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2187: 2181: 2158:Muammar Gaddafi 2115: 2109: 2089: 2083: 2080: 2073:needs expansion 2058: 2009: 2003: 1979:Munif al-Razzaz 1944:Palestinianists 1916:Sawt al-Jamahir 1885: 1879: 1720: 1712:Main articles: 1710: 1673:Muammar Gaddafi 1661: 1655: 1608:candidate from 1580: 1574: 1562:Saleh al-Mutlaq 1556:because of the 1546: 1540: 1537: 1530:needs expansion 1515: 1426:Munif al-Razzaz 1418: 1412: 1369:and encouraged 1362: 1356: 1340: 1320:Bashar al-Assad 1302: 1296: 1226: 1220: 1185: 1179: 1166: 1120:Munif al-Razzaz 1104: 1082: 1048: 1039: 1010: 1003: 998:Politics portal 996: 988: 987: 986: 956: 948: 947: 940: 927: 914: 903:1965–1970 882: 880:Splinter groups 872: 871: 866: 845: 824: 803: 782: 761: 740: 724: 703: 687: 666: 645: 624: 603: 581: 571: 570: 530: 484: 475: 467: 466: 463: 445: 437: 436: 435: 426:Bashar al-Assad 396:Wahib al-Ghanim 391:Abdullah Rimawi 370: 362: 361: 354: 343:1968–2003 333:1947–1966 323:1940–1947 313:1940–1947 302: 267: 145:Pan-Arab colors 120: 116: 101: 97: 94: 81: 67: 61:Split from 38: 37: 34: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12240: 12230: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12214: 12209: 12204: 12199: 12194: 12189: 12184: 12179: 12174: 12169: 12164: 12159: 12154: 12149: 12144: 12139: 12134: 12129: 12124: 12119: 12114: 12109: 12104: 12099: 12094: 12089: 12084: 12067: 12066: 12064: 12063: 12058: 12053: 12047: 12044: 12043: 12041: 12040: 12035: 12030: 12025: 12024: 12023: 12018: 12008: 12002: 12000: 11996: 11995: 11993: 11992: 11977: 11975: 11973: 11972: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11952: 11947: 11945:Party of Truth 11942: 11937: 11932: 11927: 11922: 11920:Hizb ut-Tahrir 11917: 11912: 11907: 11902: 11897: 11892: 11887: 11881: 11879: 11875: 11874: 11860: 11859: 11852: 11845: 11837: 11828: 11827: 11825: 11824: 11819: 11814: 11808: 11805: 11804: 11802: 11801: 11795: 11789: 11786:Al-Watan Party 11783: 11777: 11771: 11765: 11759: 11753: 11747: 11741: 11734: 11732: 11728: 11727: 11725: 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11689: 11688:Rad Al Iitibar 11686: 11681: 11676: 11671: 11666: 11664:Movement Party 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11633: 11628: 11623: 11618: 11613: 11610: 11595: 11590: 11585: 11580: 11575: 11570: 11565: 11560: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11509: 11507: 11503: 11502: 11500: 11499: 11496: 11493: 11487: 11481: 11475: 11469: 11462: 11460: 11450: 11449: 11435: 11434: 11427: 11420: 11412: 11403: 11402: 11400: 11399: 11394: 11389: 11383: 11380: 11379: 11377: 11376: 11371: 11366: 11360: 11358: 11354: 11353: 11351: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11335: 11330: 11325: 11320: 11314: 11312: 11308: 11307: 11305: 11304: 11299: 11297:Hizb ut-Tahrir 11293: 11291: 11287: 11286: 11284: 11283: 11278: 11273: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11226:People's Party 11223: 11221:National Union 11218: 11216:National Party 11213: 11207: 11205: 11201: 11200: 11198: 11197: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11121: 11119: 11113: 11112: 11110: 11109: 11102: 11100: 11094: 11093: 11091: 11090: 11084: 11078: 11072: 11066: 11060: 11054: 11048: 11042: 11036: 11030: 11029: 11028: 11016: 11014: 11008: 11007: 10993: 10992: 10985: 10978: 10970: 10961: 10960: 10958: 10957: 10952: 10947: 10941: 10938: 10937: 10935: 10934: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10914: 10908: 10906: 10902: 10901: 10899: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10883: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10838: 10833: 10828: 10822: 10820: 10816: 10815: 10813: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10772: 10767: 10762: 10757: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10741: 10740: 10735: 10726: 10724: 10720: 10719: 10705: 10704: 10697: 10690: 10682: 10673: 10672: 10670: 10669: 10657: 10652: 10646: 10643: 10642: 10640: 10639: 10631: 10623: 10615: 10607: 10602: 10594: 10586: 10578: 10570: 10562: 10557: 10548: 10546: 10542: 10541: 10539: 10538: 10529: 10520: 10514: 10505: 10496: 10490: 10483: 10481: 10471: 10470: 10463: 10462: 10455: 10448: 10440: 10431: 10430: 10428: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10411: 10408: 10407: 10405: 10404: 10399: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10377: 10375: 10368: 10367: 10365: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10333: 10331: 10324: 10323: 10320: 10319: 10317: 10316: 10310: 10304: 10290: 10284: 10277: 10275: 10271: 10270: 10268: 10267: 10261: 10255: 10249: 10243: 10237: 10231: 10224: 10222: 10216: 10215: 10213: 10212: 10206: 10199: 10197: 10188: 10180: 10179: 10165: 10164: 10157: 10150: 10142: 10133: 10132: 10130: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10093: 10091: 10087: 10086: 10084: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10023: 10018: 10016:Homeland Party 10013: 10011:Ensaf Movement 10008: 10002: 10000: 9996: 9995: 9981: 9980: 9973: 9966: 9958: 9949: 9948: 9946: 9945: 9939: 9936: 9935: 9932: 9931: 9929: 9928: 9922: 9916: 9909: 9907: 9903: 9902: 9900: 9899: 9893: 9887: 9881: 9875: 9872:Tahalof Watani 9869: 9866:Beirut Tuqawem 9863: 9857: 9850: 9848: 9841: 9840: 9838: 9837: 9834: 9828: 9822: 9816: 9810: 9804: 9797: 9795: 9788: 9787: 9785: 9784: 9781: 9775: 9769: 9763: 9757: 9751: 9745: 9739: 9733: 9727: 9720: 9718: 9708: 9701: 9700: 9697: 9696: 9694: 9693: 9692:PM's share (5) 9689: 9687: 9683: 9682: 9680: 9679: 9673: 9667: 9660: 9658: 9651: 9650: 9648: 9647: 9641: 9635: 9629: 9623: 9617: 9611: 9604: 9602: 9592: 9585: 9584: 9570: 9569: 9562: 9555: 9547: 9538: 9537: 9535: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9518: 9515: 9514: 9512: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9490: 9488: 9484: 9483: 9481: 9480: 9475: 9469: 9463: 9457: 9451: 9445: 9439: 9432: 9430: 9423: 9422: 9408: 9407: 9400: 9393: 9385: 9376: 9375: 9373: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9356: 9353: 9352: 9350: 9349: 9347:Hizb ut-Tahrir 9343: 9341: 9337: 9336: 9334: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9312: 9310: 9306: 9305: 9303: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9280:Civil Alliance 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9246: 9244: 9240: 9239: 9237: 9236: 9233: 9227: 9224: 9221: 9218: 9215: 9212: 9209: 9206: 9200: 9194: 9187: 9185: 9179: 9178: 9164: 9163: 9156: 9149: 9141: 9132: 9131: 9126: 9123: 9122: 9120: 9119: 9118: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9094: 9092:Hizb ut-Tahrir 9088: 9086: 9082: 9081: 9079: 9078: 9072: 9070: 9066: 9065: 9063: 9062: 9059: 9053: 9046: 9044: 9040: 9039: 9037: 9036: 9035: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9006:Athra Alliance 9003: 8996: 8994: 8990: 8989: 8987: 8986: 8980: 8974: 8968: 8962: 8956: 8950: 8943: 8941: 8937: 8936: 8934: 8933: 8927: 8921: 8920: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8901:Fatah Alliance 8898: 8892: 8891: 8890: 8885: 8874: 8871:Progress Party 8868: 8861: 8859: 8855: 8854: 8840: 8839: 8832: 8825: 8817: 8808: 8807: 8805: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8788: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8755: 8753: 8752:Banned Parties 8749: 8748: 8746: 8745: 8742: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8718: 8716: 8710: 8709: 8707: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8680: 8678: 8674: 8673: 8659: 8658: 8651: 8644: 8636: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8600: 8597: 8596: 8594: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8576:Hizb ut-Tahrir 8572: 8570: 8566: 8565: 8563: 8562: 8560:Workers' Party 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8450:Algerian Rally 8447: 8442: 8437: 8431: 8429: 8425: 8424: 8422: 8421: 8415: 8409: 8403: 8397: 8391: 8385: 8379: 8373: 8367: 8361: 8355: 8349: 8343: 8336: 8334: 8327: 8326: 8312: 8311: 8304: 8297: 8289: 8280: 8279: 8277: 8276: 8265: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8177: 8175: 8174:Related topics 8171: 8170: 8168: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8136: 8134: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8124: 8117: 8110: 8102: 8100: 8096: 8095: 8093: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8040:Islamic Legion 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7930:Al-Mourabitoun 7927: 7922: 7916: 7914: 7908: 7907: 7905: 7904: 7899: 7897:Hamdeen Sabahi 7894: 7889: 7887:Fuad al-Rikabi 7884: 7879: 7877:Adnan Pachachi 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7847:Saddam Hussein 7844: 7839: 7837:Sati' al-Husri 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7772:Hafez al-Assad 7769: 7764: 7762:Zaki al-Arsuzi 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7728: 7726: 7720: 7719: 7717: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7695: 7693: 7689: 7688: 7686: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7643:Aden Emergency 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7588:Iraqi Intifada 7585: 7580: 7579: 7578: 7573: 7571:Yom Kippur War 7568: 7563: 7558: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7532: 7531: 7521: 7516: 7515: 7514: 7504: 7498: 7496: 7492: 7491: 7489: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7466:Arab socialism 7462: 7460: 7456: 7455: 7448: 7447: 7440: 7433: 7425: 7416: 7415: 7412: 7411: 7408: 7407: 7405: 7404: 7399: 7391: 7389: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7381: 7374: 7366: 7364: 7360: 7359: 7357: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7319:Arab socialism 7316: 7311: 7306: 7300: 7298: 7290: 7289: 7279: 7278: 7275: 7274: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7251: 7249: 7245: 7244: 7242: 7241: 7240: 7239: 7229: 7228: 7227: 7222: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7156: 7154: 7150: 7149: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7096: 7094: 7090: 7089: 7087: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7050: 7048: 7041: 7037: 7036: 7034: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6997: 6996: 6986: 6980: 6978: 6970: 6969: 6967: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6949:Jeish Muhammad 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6925: 6923: 6915: 6914: 6900: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6892: 6891: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6884: 6878: 6876: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6847: 6845: 6838: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6830: 6825: 6819: 6817: 6816:Popular fronts 6813: 6812: 6810: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6793: 6791: 6787: 6786: 6783: 6782: 6780: 6779: 6774: 6773: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6721: 6719: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6670: 6669: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6643: 6641: 6634: 6622: 6621: 6607: 6606: 6603: 6602: 6599: 6598: 6595: 6592: 6591: 6588: 6587: 6585: 6584: 6581:Hussein Arnous 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6516:Hafez al-Assad 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6492: 6490: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6466:Sa'dun Hammadi 6463: 6461:Saddam Hussein 6458: 6452: 6450: 6439: 6435: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6427: 6421: 6411: 6409:Hafez al-Assad 6406: 6401: 6396: 6390: 6388: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6376: 6374:Saddam Hussein 6371: 6365: 6363: 6352: 6351:Heads of state 6348: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6338: 6336: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6316:Muhammad Umran 6313: 6311:Hasan Turkmani 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6126:Hafez al-Assad 6123: 6118: 6116:Hussein Arnous 6113: 6107: 6105: 6097: 6096: 6094: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6041:Fuad al-Rikabi 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5991:Saddam Hussein 5988: 5983: 5981:Sa'dun Hammadi 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5902: 5900: 5889: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5859:Fuad al-Rikabi 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5794:Hafez al-Assad 5791: 5786: 5784:Zaki al-Arsuzi 5781: 5776: 5770: 5768: 5754: 5753: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5746: 5740: 5738:Hafez al-Assad 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5714: 5712: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5704: 5698: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5682: 5677: 5671: 5669: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5661: 5658:Akram al-Homsi 5655: 5650: 5644: 5642: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5634: 5628: 5623: 5621:Saddam Hussein 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5601:Fuad al-Rikabi 5597: 5595: 5588: 5584: 5583: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5576: 5570: 5560: 5558:Hafez al-Assad 5555: 5549: 5547: 5543: 5542: 5540: 5539: 5533: 5528: 5526:Saddam Hussein 5523: 5517: 5515: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5507: 5502: 5496: 5494: 5487: 5479: 5478: 5468: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5460: 5459: 5457: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5444:Iraqi conflict 5441: 5439:Faith Campaign 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5410: 5409: 5399: 5397:Ba'athist Iraq 5394: 5388: 5386: 5382: 5381: 5379: 5378: 5373: 5371:1964 Hama riot 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5327: 5325: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5317: 5312: 5306: 5304: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5275: 5273: 5265: 5264: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5246: 5237: 5227: 5224: 5223: 5214: 5213: 5206: 5199: 5191: 5185: 5184: 5177: 5176:External links 5174: 5172: 5171: 5145: 5116: 5088: 5071:(9 May 2011). 5060: 5020: 5007:Yemen Observer 4992: 4956: 4924: 4894: 4872: 4849: 4822: 4792: 4763: 4733: 4703: 4696: 4670: 4659:on 18 May 2013 4635: 4596: 4589: 4567: 4560: 4534: 4527: 4501: 4490:on 16 May 2012 4471: 4464: 4435: 4428: 4402: 4377: 4370: 4344: 4337: 4311: 4277: 4251: 4217: 4210: 4184: 4177: 4148: 4141: 4115: 4090: 4064: 4005: 3982: 3964: 3945: 3938: 3912: 3905: 3879: 3872: 3846: 3839: 3813: 3806: 3780: 3773: 3747: 3725: 3718: 3692: 3685: 3659: 3652: 3626: 3619: 3593: 3586: 3560: 3553: 3527: 3504: 3497: 3471: 3464: 3438: 3431: 3405: 3377: 3358: 3343: 3314: 3281: 3266: 3236: 3206: 3199: 3170: 3163: 3137: 3130: 3104: 3097: 3068: 3019: 3012: 2977: 2970: 2941: 2934: 2908: 2880: 2864: 2852: 2845: 2821: 2814: 2794: 2777: 2751: 2725: 2697: 2669: 2641: 2610: 2576: 2542: 2514: 2483: 2453: 2446: 2424: 2417: 2395: 2388: 2366: 2359: 2337: 2330: 2304: 2297: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2210:الإحياء العربي 2183:Main article: 2180: 2177: 2154:Saddam Hussein 2111:Main article: 2108: 2105: 2091: 2090: 2070: 2068: 2057: 2054: 2022:Ba'athist Iraq 2005:Main article: 2002: 1999: 1972:Iraqi military 1930: 1929: 1924: 1920: 1919: 1912: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1900: 1899: 1896: 1892: 1891: 1878: 1875: 1770:Saddam Hussein 1762:Saddam Hussein 1756:and his rule. 1737:Haratin people 1733:July 1978 coup 1709: 1706: 1663:Following the 1657:Main article: 1654: 1651: 1639:Walid Jumblatt 1576:Main article: 1573: 1570: 1548: 1547: 1527: 1525: 1514: 1511: 1480:1997 elections 1414:Main article: 1411: 1408: 1391:public schools 1358:Main article: 1355: 1352: 1339: 1336: 1298:Main article: 1295: 1292: 1254:, but not the 1248:Ba'athist Iraq 1222:Main article: 1219: 1216: 1181:Main article: 1178: 1175: 1165: 1162: 1149:Saddam Hussein 1106:Following the 1103: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1076: 1075:(2020–present) 1070: 1064: 1061:Saddam Hussein 1058: 1055: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1038: 1037: 1030: 1023: 1015: 1012: 1011: 1009: 1008: 1001: 993: 990: 989: 985: 984: 979: 974: 969: 967:Arab socialism 964: 958: 957: 955:Related topics 954: 953: 950: 949: 944: 943: 937: 931: 930: 924: 918: 917: 911: 905: 904: 901: 895: 894: 891: 883: 878: 877: 874: 873: 868: 867: 865: 864: 859: 853: 851: 847: 846: 844: 843: 838: 832: 830: 826: 825: 823: 822: 817: 811: 809: 805: 804: 802: 801: 796: 790: 788: 784: 783: 781: 780: 775: 769: 767: 763: 762: 760: 759: 754: 748: 746: 742: 741: 739: 738: 732: 730: 726: 725: 723: 722: 717: 711: 709: 705: 704: 702: 701: 695: 693: 689: 688: 686: 685: 680: 674: 672: 668: 667: 665: 664: 659: 653: 651: 647: 646: 644: 643: 638: 632: 630: 626: 625: 623: 622: 617: 611: 609: 605: 604: 602: 601: 596: 590: 588: 582: 577: 576: 573: 572: 569: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 534: 527:Baathist Syria 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 481:Ba'athist Iraq 476: 473: 472: 469: 468: 465: 464: 459: 457: 452: 446: 443: 442: 439: 438: 434: 433: 428: 423: 421:Saddam Hussein 418: 413: 411:Hafez al-Assad 408: 403: 401:Fuad al-Rikabi 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 376:Zaki al-Arsuzi 372: 371: 368: 367: 364: 363: 358: 357: 351: 345: 344: 341: 335: 334: 331: 325: 324: 321: 315: 314: 311: 303: 298: 297: 294: 293: 285: 284: 278: 277: 266: 263: 249:following the 239:Saddam Hussein 163: 162: 154: 153: 149: 148: 141: 137: 136: 131: 125: 124: 111: 105: 104: 102:(2006–present) 89: 85: 84: 75: 71: 70: 62: 58: 57: 54: 50: 49: 44: 40: 39: 35: 32: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12239: 12228: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12178: 12175: 12173: 12170: 12168: 12165: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12155: 12153: 12150: 12148: 12145: 12143: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12115: 12113: 12110: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12079: 12077: 12062: 12059: 12057: 12054: 12052: 12049: 12048: 12045: 12039: 12036: 12034: 12031: 12029: 12026: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12013: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12003: 12001: 11997: 11990: 11979: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11906: 11903: 11901: 11898: 11896: 11893: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11882: 11880: 11876: 11872: 11867: 11858: 11853: 11851: 11846: 11844: 11839: 11838: 11835: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11809: 11806: 11799: 11796: 11793: 11790: 11787: 11784: 11781: 11778: 11775: 11772: 11769: 11766: 11763: 11760: 11757: 11754: 11751: 11748: 11745: 11742: 11739: 11736: 11735: 11733: 11729: 11723: 11722:Wafa Movement 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11619: 11617: 11614: 11611: 11608: 11604: 11600: 11596: 11594: 11593:Popular Front 11591: 11589: 11586: 11584: 11581: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11510: 11508: 11506:Unrepresented 11504: 11497: 11494: 11491: 11488: 11485: 11482: 11479: 11476: 11473: 11470: 11467: 11464: 11463: 11461: 11459: 11458:of the People 11451: 11445: 11440: 11433: 11428: 11426: 11421: 11419: 11414: 11413: 11410: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11384: 11381: 11375: 11372: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11361: 11359: 11355: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11315: 11313: 11309: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11295: 11294: 11292: 11288: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11211:National Bloc 11209: 11208: 11206: 11202: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11122: 11120: 11118: 11117:Unrepresented 11114: 11107: 11104: 11103: 11101: 11099: 11095: 11088: 11085: 11082: 11079: 11076: 11073: 11070: 11067: 11064: 11061: 11058: 11055: 11052: 11049: 11046: 11043: 11040: 11037: 11034: 11031: 11026: 11023: 11022: 11021: 11018: 11017: 11015: 11013: 11009: 11003: 10998: 10991: 10986: 10984: 10979: 10977: 10972: 10971: 10968: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10942: 10939: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10909: 10907: 10903: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10836:Liberal Party 10834: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10823: 10821: 10817: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10745:Beja Congress 10743: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10730: 10728: 10727: 10725: 10721: 10715: 10710: 10703: 10698: 10696: 10691: 10689: 10684: 10683: 10680: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10647: 10644: 10638: 10632: 10630: 10624: 10622: 10616: 10614: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10595: 10593: 10587: 10585: 10579: 10577: 10571: 10569: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10550: 10549: 10547: 10543: 10536: 10530: 10527: 10521: 10518: 10515: 10512: 10506: 10503: 10497: 10494: 10491: 10488: 10485: 10484: 10482: 10480: 10472: 10468: 10461: 10456: 10454: 10449: 10447: 10442: 10441: 10438: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10412: 10409: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10382: 10379: 10378: 10376: 10374: 10369: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10334: 10332: 10330: 10325: 10314: 10311: 10308: 10305: 10302: 10298: 10294: 10291: 10288: 10285: 10282: 10279: 10278: 10276: 10272: 10265: 10262: 10259: 10256: 10253: 10250: 10247: 10246:Nida El Watan 10244: 10241: 10238: 10235: 10232: 10229: 10226: 10225: 10223: 10221: 10217: 10210: 10207: 10204: 10201: 10200: 10198: 10196: 10192: 10189: 10186: 10181: 10175: 10170: 10163: 10158: 10156: 10151: 10149: 10144: 10143: 10140: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10095: 10094: 10092: 10088: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10003: 10001: 9997: 9991: 9986: 9979: 9974: 9972: 9967: 9965: 9960: 9959: 9956: 9944: 9941: 9940: 9937: 9926: 9923: 9920: 9917: 9914: 9911: 9910: 9908: 9904: 9897: 9894: 9891: 9888: 9885: 9882: 9879: 9876: 9873: 9870: 9867: 9864: 9861: 9858: 9855: 9852: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9842: 9835: 9832: 9831:Islamic group 9829: 9826: 9823: 9820: 9817: 9814: 9811: 9808: 9805: 9802: 9799: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9789: 9782: 9779: 9776: 9773: 9770: 9767: 9764: 9761: 9758: 9755: 9752: 9749: 9746: 9743: 9740: 9737: 9734: 9731: 9730:Amal Movement 9728: 9725: 9722: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9712: 9709: 9706: 9702: 9691: 9690: 9688: 9684: 9677: 9674: 9671: 9668: 9665: 9662: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9652: 9645: 9642: 9639: 9636: 9633: 9630: 9627: 9624: 9621: 9618: 9615: 9612: 9609: 9608:Amal Movement 9606: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9596: 9593: 9590: 9586: 9582: 9577: 9568: 9563: 9561: 9556: 9554: 9549: 9548: 9545: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9519: 9516: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9491: 9489: 9487:Other parties 9485: 9479: 9476: 9473: 9470: 9467: 9464: 9461: 9458: 9455: 9452: 9449: 9446: 9443: 9440: 9437: 9434: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9424: 9418: 9413: 9406: 9401: 9399: 9394: 9392: 9387: 9386: 9383: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9357: 9354: 9348: 9345: 9344: 9342: 9338: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9313: 9311: 9307: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9247: 9245: 9243:Unrepresented 9241: 9234: 9231: 9228: 9225: 9222: 9219: 9216: 9213: 9210: 9207: 9204: 9201: 9198: 9195: 9192: 9189: 9188: 9186: 9184: 9180: 9174: 9169: 9162: 9157: 9155: 9150: 9148: 9143: 9142: 9139: 9129: 9124: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9097: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9089: 9087: 9083: 9077: 9074: 9073: 9071: 9067: 9060: 9057: 9054: 9051: 9048: 9047: 9045: 9041: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9001: 8998: 8997: 8995: 8991: 8984: 8981: 8978: 8975: 8972: 8969: 8966: 8963: 8960: 8957: 8954: 8951: 8948: 8945: 8944: 8942: 8938: 8931: 8930:Azem Alliance 8928: 8925: 8922: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8896: 8893: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8872: 8869: 8866: 8863: 8862: 8860: 8856: 8850: 8845: 8838: 8833: 8831: 8826: 8824: 8819: 8818: 8815: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8789: 8786: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8756: 8754: 8750: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8711: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8681: 8679: 8675: 8669: 8664: 8657: 8652: 8650: 8645: 8643: 8638: 8637: 8634: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8601: 8598: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8573: 8571: 8567: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8426: 8419: 8418:Dignity Party 8416: 8413: 8410: 8407: 8404: 8401: 8398: 8395: 8392: 8389: 8386: 8383: 8380: 8377: 8374: 8371: 8368: 8365: 8362: 8359: 8356: 8353: 8350: 8347: 8344: 8341: 8338: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8331:Parliamentary 8328: 8322: 8317: 8310: 8305: 8303: 8298: 8296: 8291: 8290: 8287: 8275: 8267: 8266: 8263: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8206:Greater Yemen 8204: 8202: 8201:Greater Syria 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8178: 8176: 8172: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8129: 8123: 8122: 8118: 8116: 8115: 8111: 8109: 8108: 8104: 8103: 8101: 8097: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7913: 7912:Organizations 7909: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7832:George Habash 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7812:Izzat Darwaza 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7747:Yasser Arafat 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7729: 7727: 7725: 7724:Personalities 7721: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7699:Arab identity 7697: 7696: 7694: 7690: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7613:Arab Cold War 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7553: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7530: 7527: 7526: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7513: 7510: 7509: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7499: 7497: 7493: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7463: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7446: 7441: 7439: 7434: 7432: 7427: 7426: 7423: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7397: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7386: 7380: 7379: 7375: 7373: 7372: 7368: 7367: 7365: 7361: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7339:Republicanism 7337: 7335: 7334:Progressivism 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7301: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7287:Miscellaneous 7284: 7280: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7246: 7238: 7235: 7234: 7233: 7230: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7217: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7157: 7155: 7151: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7091: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7045: 7042: 7038: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6995: 6992: 6991: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6971: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6954:Rejectionists 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6912: 6905: 6901: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6873: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6842: 6839: 6835: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6814: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6788: 6778: 6775: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6757: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6722: 6720: 6716: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6668: 6665: 6664: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6627: 6623: 6619: 6612: 6608: 6596:* = incumbent 6593: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6506:Yusuf Zuayyin 6504: 6502: 6501:Amin al-Hafiz 6499: 6497: 6494: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6483: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6443: 6440: 6436: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6418: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6394:Amin al-Hafiz 6392: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6381: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6356: 6353: 6349: 6341: 6337: 6333: 6327: 6326:Yusuf Zuayyin 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6306:Mustafa Tlass 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6226:Sami al-Jundi 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6181:Amin al-Hafiz 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6171:Marwan Habash 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6104: 6098: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6071:Khamis Sirhan 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5986:Qusay Hussein 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5893: 5890: 5886: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5849:Zuheir Mohsen 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5834:Amin al-Hafiz 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5767: 5761: 5755: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5728:Amin al-Hafiz 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5709: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5687: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5672: 5670: 5666: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5639: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5592: 5589: 5585: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5544: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5512: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5497: 5495: 5491: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5473: 5469: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5408: 5405: 5404: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5389: 5387: 5383: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5328: 5326: 5322: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5301: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5255: 5251: 5245: 5244: 5238: 5236: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5225: 5221: 5212: 5207: 5205: 5200: 5198: 5193: 5192: 5189: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5159: 5155: 5149: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5120: 5104: 5098: 5092: 5076: 5070: 5064: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5030: 5024: 5009: 5008: 5003: 4996: 4981: 4977: 4971: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4944: 4940: 4934: 4928: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4898: 4882: 4876: 4860: 4853: 4837: 4833: 4826: 4810: 4806: 4799: 4797: 4780: 4776: 4770: 4768: 4752:on 8 May 2014 4751: 4747: 4743: 4737: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4707: 4699: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4674: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4592: 4590:1-85521-014-2 4586: 4582: 4578: 4571: 4563: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4538: 4530: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4505: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4475: 4467: 4465:1-85743-183-9 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4439: 4431: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4406: 4391: 4387: 4381: 4373: 4371:1-85743-126-X 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4348: 4340: 4338:1-55587-699-4 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4315: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4281: 4265: 4261: 4255: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4221: 4213: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4188: 4180: 4178:1-85743-212-6 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4155: 4153: 4144: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4119: 4104: 4100: 4094: 4079: 4075: 4068: 4049: 4042: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3986: 3978: 3974: 3968: 3960: 3956: 3949: 3941: 3939:0-312-08997-X 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3916: 3908: 3906:1-4191-3012-9 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3883: 3875: 3873:0-7099-2727-4 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3850: 3842: 3840:0-7099-2727-4 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3817: 3809: 3807:0-7099-2727-4 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3776: 3774:0-7099-2727-4 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3751: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3729: 3721: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3696: 3688: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3663: 3655: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3630: 3622: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3597: 3589: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3564: 3556: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3531: 3523: 3519: 3518:BRILL Archive 3515: 3508: 3500: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3475: 3467: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3442: 3434: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3409: 3393: 3387: 3381: 3374: 3373: 3368: 3362: 3355: 3354: 3347: 3331: 3327: 3318: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3288: 3286: 3277: 3270: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3240: 3225:on 1 May 2014 3224: 3220: 3216: 3210: 3202: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3174: 3166: 3164:0-7391-0649-X 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3141: 3133: 3131:0-9536278-7-X 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3108: 3100: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3072: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3015: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2973: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2948: 2946: 2937: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2912: 2897: 2896: 2891: 2884: 2877: 2871: 2869: 2861: 2860:The Economist 2856: 2848: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2833: 2825: 2817: 2811: 2807: 2806: 2798: 2790: 2789: 2781: 2765: 2761: 2755: 2739: 2735: 2729: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2685: 2679: 2673: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2629: 2628: 2623: 2617: 2615: 2598: 2597: 2592: 2586: 2580: 2564: 2563: 2558: 2552: 2546: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2503: 2502: 2497: 2490: 2488: 2471: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2449: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2428: 2420: 2418:3-531-16205-5 2414: 2410: 2406: 2399: 2391: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2370: 2362: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2341: 2333: 2331:1-84467-512-2 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2308: 2300: 2298:1-4191-2671-7 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2272: 2268: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2217: 2215: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2192: 2186: 2176: 2174: 2173:Popular Front 2170: 2166: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2114: 2104: 2102: 2098: 2087: 2078: 2074: 2071:This section 2069: 2066: 2062: 2061: 2053: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2013: 2008: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1928: 1925: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1888: 1884: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1843:Ould Haidalla 1839: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1806: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1786: 1781: 1779: 1778:Iran-Iraq War 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1719: 1715: 1705: 1703: 1702:Sawt at-Talia 1698: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1667:against King 1666: 1660: 1650: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1597: 1594: 1585: 1579: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1544: 1535: 1531: 1528:This section 1526: 1523: 1519: 1518: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1493: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1466: 1460: 1456: 1454: 1453:al-Assad rule 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1437:authoritarian 1433: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1417: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1392: 1388: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1368: 1361: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1335: 1333: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1307: 1301: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1256:2006 election 1253: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1231: 1225: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1190: 1184: 1170: 1161: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1137: 1131: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1096: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1085: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1036: 1031: 1029: 1024: 1022: 1017: 1016: 1014: 1013: 1006: 1002: 999: 995: 994: 992: 991: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 959: 952: 951: 938: 936: 932: 925: 923: 919: 912: 910: 906: 902: 900: 896: 892: 890: 886: 881: 876: 875: 863: 860: 858: 855: 854: 852: 848: 842: 839: 837: 834: 833: 831: 827: 821: 818: 816: 813: 812: 810: 806: 800: 797: 795: 792: 791: 789: 785: 779: 776: 774: 771: 770: 768: 764: 758: 755: 753: 750: 749: 747: 743: 737: 734: 733: 731: 727: 721: 718: 716: 713: 712: 710: 706: 700: 697: 696: 694: 690: 684: 681: 679: 676: 675: 673: 669: 663: 660: 658: 655: 654: 652: 648: 642: 639: 637: 634: 633: 631: 627: 621: 618: 616: 613: 612: 610: 606: 600: 597: 595: 592: 591: 589: 585: 580: 575: 574: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 538: 535: 533: 529: 528: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 501:Iran–Iraq War 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 483: 482: 478: 477: 471: 470: 462: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 447: 441: 440: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 373: 366: 365: 352: 350: 346: 342: 340: 336: 332: 330: 326: 322: 320: 316: 312: 310: 306: 301: 300:Organisations 296: 295: 291: 287: 286: 283: 280: 279: 275: 271: 270: 262: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 223:Iran–Iraq War 220: 216: 212: 208: 203: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 174: 170: 160: 155: 150: 146: 142: 138: 135: 132: 130: 126: 123: 119: 115: 112: 110: 106: 100: 93: 90: 86: 79: 76: 72: 66: 63: 59: 55: 51: 48: 45: 41: 29: 26: 22: 12082:Ba'ath Party 11989:Yemen portal 11674:Pirate Party 11573:Green League 11548:Nidaa Tounes 9890:Osos Lebanon 9813:Kataeb Party 9760:Ba'ath Party 9436:Independents 9203:Eradah Party 9104: 8774:Haq Movement 8358:Future Front 8241:Pan-Islamism 8119: 8112: 8105: 8009: 8005:Ba'ath Party 7882:Ameen Rihani 7742:Jassem Alwan 7737:Michel Aflaq 7593:Algerian War 7519:Iraqi Revolt 7394: 7376: 7369: 7309:Anti-Zionism 6922:Armed groups 6866:Popular Army 6844:Paramilitary 6617:Organization 6416: 6151:Muhsen Bilal 5854:Munif Razzaz 5774:Michel Aflaq 5696:Isam al-Qadi 5653:Munif Razzaz 5565: 5521:Michel Aflaq 5505:Munif Razzaz 5500:Michel Aflaq 5310:Michel Aflaq 5272:Predecessors 5239: 5231: 5230: 5162:. Retrieved 5154:Staff writer 5148: 5136:. Retrieved 5119: 5107:. Retrieved 5097:Staff writer 5091: 5079:. Retrieved 5069:Staff writer 5063: 5051:. Retrieved 5047:the original 5029:Staff writer 5023: 5011:. Retrieved 5005: 4995: 4983:. Retrieved 4970:Staff writer 4947:. Retrieved 4943:the original 4933:Staff writer 4927: 4915:. Retrieved 4911:the original 4903:Staff writer 4897: 4885:. Retrieved 4875: 4863:. Retrieved 4852: 4840:. Retrieved 4836:the original 4825: 4813:. Retrieved 4809:the original 4783:. Retrieved 4754:. Retrieved 4750:the original 4736: 4724:. Retrieved 4720:the original 4715: 4706: 4679: 4673: 4661:. Retrieved 4657:the original 4626:. Retrieved 4622:the original 4576: 4570: 4543: 4537: 4510: 4504: 4492:. Retrieved 4488:the original 4474: 4447: 4438: 4411: 4405: 4393:. Retrieved 4389: 4380: 4353: 4347: 4320: 4314: 4302:. Retrieved 4290: 4280: 4268:. Retrieved 4264:Deseret News 4263: 4254: 4242:. Retrieved 4230: 4220: 4193: 4187: 4160: 4124: 4118: 4106:. Retrieved 4102: 4093: 4081:. Retrieved 4077: 4067: 4055:. Retrieved 4048:the original 3991: 3985: 3972: 3967: 3954: 3948: 3921: 3915: 3888: 3882: 3855: 3849: 3822: 3816: 3789: 3783: 3756: 3750: 3733: 3728: 3701: 3695: 3668: 3662: 3635: 3629: 3602: 3596: 3569: 3563: 3536: 3530: 3513: 3507: 3480: 3474: 3447: 3441: 3414: 3408: 3396:. Retrieved 3386:Staff writer 3380: 3370: 3361: 3351: 3346: 3334:. Retrieved 3330:the original 3317: 3305:. Retrieved 3301:the original 3275: 3269: 3257:. Retrieved 3253:the original 3239: 3227:. Retrieved 3223:the original 3209: 3182: 3179:Staff writer 3173: 3146: 3140: 3113: 3107: 3080: 3077:Staff writer 3071: 3059:. Retrieved 3055:the original 2995: 2953: 2917: 2911: 2899:. Retrieved 2893: 2883: 2875: 2855: 2831: 2824: 2804: 2797: 2787: 2780: 2768:. Retrieved 2763: 2754: 2742:. Retrieved 2740:. 7 May 2013 2737: 2728: 2716:. Retrieved 2706:Staff writer 2700: 2688:. Retrieved 2678:Staff writer 2672: 2660:. Retrieved 2650:Staff writer 2644: 2632:. Retrieved 2625: 2601:. Retrieved 2594: 2585:Staff writer 2579: 2567:. Retrieved 2560: 2551:Staff writer 2545: 2533:. Retrieved 2523:Staff writer 2517: 2505:. Retrieved 2501:The National 2499: 2474:. Retrieved 2433: 2427: 2404: 2398: 2375: 2369: 2346: 2340: 2313: 2307: 2280: 2271: 2254:Saudi Arabia 2238: 2218: 2213: 2201: 2197: 2188: 2162: 2145: 2137: 2116: 2094: 2081: 2077:adding to it 2072: 2014: 2010: 1976: 1965: 1933: 1914: 1863: 1840: 1789: 1782: 1740: 1721: 1701: 1686: 1682: 1662: 1602: 1598: 1581: 1551: 1538: 1534:adding to it 1529: 1496: 1488: 1471: 1461: 1457: 1434: 1430:house arrest 1419: 1384: 1363: 1341: 1328: 1317: 1312: 1303: 1272: 1227: 1211: 1203: 1195: 1186: 1156: 1134: 1132: 1112:Michel Aflaq 1105: 1102:Organization 1083: 1052:Michel Aflaq 539: / 525: 511:UN sanctions 479: 381:Michel Aflaq 338: 329:Ba'ath Party 231:seized power 204: 200:Ba'ath Party 179: 168: 166: 95:(until 2003) 74:Headquarters 65:Ba'ath Party 25: 11800:(2011–2019) 11794:(2012–2017) 11788:(2011–2013) 11782:(1993–2012) 11776:(1983–2012) 11770:(1988–2011) 11764:(1964–1988) 11758:(1934–1993) 11752:(1934–1964) 11750:Neo Destour 11746:(1920–1960) 11588:Aïch Tounsi 11568:Afek Tounes 10477:Legislative 10475:Palestinian 10187:(176 seats) 9906:Others (10) 9878:Khatt Ahmar 9778:Union Party 7935:Arab Ba'ath 7857:Salah Jadid 7714:Arabization 7561:Six-Day War 7556:Suez Crisis 7502:Arab Revolt 7481:Pan-Arabism 7354:Vanguardism 7329:Pan-Arabism 6959:Snake Party 6745:South Yemen 6576:Imad Khamis 6321:Salim Yasin 6241:Imad Khamis 6216:Salah Jadid 6201:Hilal Hilal 6196:Salim Hatum 6161:Ahmad Diyab 6086:Tahir Yahya 5844:Salah Jadid 5824:Elias Farah 5701:Rakad Salem 5675:Assem Qanso 5279:Arab Ba'ath 5164:18 February 5138:30 November 5109:18 February 5081:18 February 5053:18 February 5013:18 February 4985:18 February 4949:18 February 4917:23 February 4887:22 February 4865:19 February 4842:19 February 4815:19 February 4785:23 February 4726:26 February 4103:photius.com 3398:18 February 3336:18 February 2960:. pp. 2901:26 November 2718:26 February 2690:26 February 2662:26 February 2630:(in Arabic) 2603:26 February 2599:(in Arabic) 2569:26 February 2565:(in Arabic) 2535:26 February 2507:26 February 2287:. pp. 2230:Arab Spring 2212:, English: 2165:Arab League 2099:during the 1983:Rakad Salem 1906:Rakad Salem 1853:during the 1776:during the 1746:Arabization 1626:Assem Qanso 1280:Arab Spring 1069:(2006–2020) 1063:(1992–2006) 1054:(1968–1989) 977:Pan-Arabism 939:2002– 926:1970– 913:1966– 406:Salah Jadid 353:1966– 309:Arab Ba'ath 82:(1966-2003) 12076:Categories 10905:Coalitions 10831:Black Bloc 10274:Opposition 10220:Supporting 10195:Government 10031:Libu Party 10021:Ihya Libya 9686:Others (5) 9270:Arab Party 9183:Parliament 9076:The Iraqis 8741:Al Wahdawi 8699:Al Meethaq 8099:Literature 7792:Tariq Aziz 7709:Arab world 7704:Arab Union 7633:Dhofar War 7363:Literature 7349:Secularism 7237:in Lebanon 6790:Newspapers 6735:Mauritania 6689:Mauritania 6556:Adel Safar 5956:Tariq Aziz 5566:(de facto) 5476:Leadership 5385:Post-split 4779:Al Arabiya 4686:. p. 4684:I.B.Tauris 4550:. p. 4517:. p. 4454:. p. 4418:. p. 4395:24 October 4360:. p. 4327:. p. 4304:24 October 4270:24 October 4244:24 October 4200:. p. 4167:. p. 4131:. p. 4108:25 October 4083:25 October 3998:. p. 3928:. p. 3895:. p. 3862:. p. 3829:. p. 3796:. p. 3763:. p. 3708:. p. 3675:. p. 3642:. p. 3609:. p. 3576:. p. 3543:. p. 3520:. p. 3487:. p. 3454:. p. 3421:. p. 3189:. p. 3153:. p. 3120:. p. 3087:. p. 3002:. p. 2924:. p. 2320:. p. 2264:References 2030:secularist 1766:Mauritania 1708:Mauritania 1691:(LNM), an 1492:secularism 745:Mauritania 444:Literature 215:Arab world 196:1966 split 152:Party flag 88:Armed wing 10560:As-Sa'iqa 10517:Third Way 10293:Sawab–RAG 10281:Tewassoul 10264:El Vadila 10240:El Karama 9896:ReLebanon 9754:Al-Ahbash 9736:Hezbollah 9614:Hezbollah 9589:Ministers 9250:Ahd Party 8684:Al Asalah 8400:Jil Jadid 8132:Symbolism 7476:Nasserism 7471:Ba'athism 7388:Symbolism 7344:Saddamism 7324:Ba'athism 6807:Al-Thawra 6797:Al-Ba'ath 6740:Palestine 6694:Palestine 6417:(interim) 5689:Palestine 5493:Pre-split 5414:Arab Belt 5324:Pre-split 4746:Cablegate 4653:Cablegate 4618:Cablegate 4581:Dartmouth 4484:Cablegate 4452:Routledge 4358:Routledge 4299:0362-4331 4239:0190-8286 3297:Cablegate 3249:Cablegate 3219:Cablegate 3051:Cablegate 2922:iUniverse 2256:. In the 2084:June 2014 1991:West Bank 1940:al-Sa'iqa 1911:Newspaper 1877:Palestine 1805:romanized 1697:Ba'athist 1677:Nasserist 1541:June 2014 1503:Cablegate 1380:Hammurabi 982:Saddamism 972:Nasserism 862:pro-Syria 841:pro-Syria 820:pro-Syria 799:pro-Syria 778:pro-Syria 766:Palestine 757:pro-Syria 720:pro-Syria 683:pro-Syria 662:pro-Syria 641:pro-Syria 620:pro-Syria 599:pro-Syria 282:Ba'athism 265:Structure 184:Ba'athist 134:Left-wing 122:Saddamism 118:Ba'athism 68:(unitary) 11890:Al-Islah 11740:(1907–?) 10352:El Ravah 10234:El Islah 10203:El Insaf 9854:Taqaddom 8865:Sadrists 8759:Al Wefaq 8722:Al Wefaq 8388:New Dawn 8274:Category 8216:Islamism 7925:Al-Fatat 7692:Concepts 7459:Ideology 7297:Ideology 7100:Ahd Bloc 5303:Founders 4548:ABC-CLIO 4446:(2003). 4416:CQ Press 4198:CQ Press 3181:(2002). 3079:(2002). 2738:Aladhwaa 2634:10 April 2627:Al-Wasat 2596:Al-Wasat 2562:Al-Wasat 2279:(2004). 2234:Hodeidah 2042:Khartoum 1987:Ramallah 1923:Homepage 1855:Gulf War 1554:Gulf War 1324:conflict 1157:de facto 1143:and the 1136:de facto 857:pro-Iraq 836:pro-Iraq 815:pro-Iraq 794:pro-Iraq 773:pro-Iraq 752:pro-Iraq 736:pro-Iraq 715:pro-Iraq 699:pro-Iraq 678:pro-Iraq 657:pro-Iraq 636:pro-Iraq 615:pro-Iraq 594:pro-Iraq 516:Iraq War 506:Gulf War 274:a series 272:Part of 257:and its 207:Damascus 109:Ideology 11999:Defunct 11744:Destour 11731:Defunct 11616:Al Amal 11553:Errahma 11513:Ennahda 10819:Defunct 10723:Current 10479:Council 10090:Defunct 9309:Defunct 9110:al-Awda 9100:in Iraq 8744:Al Ekha 8470:Essabil 8333:parties 7920:Al-Awda 7495:History 7225:Unified 7220:Bakdash 7047:Current 7011:Al-Awda 6765:History 6730:Lebanon 6704:Tunisia 6679:Lebanon 6652:Bahrain 6647:Algeria 5762:of the 5759:Members 5668:Lebanon 5407:Members 5260:History 4756:12 July 4663:11 July 4628:11 July 4494:10 July 4057:12 July 3307:10 July 3259:10 July 3229:10 July 3061:10 July 2770:20 July 2476:10 July 2289:191–192 2107:Tunisia 1895:Founded 1807:: 1760:, with 1641:of the 1628:of the 1572:Lebanon 1451:or the 1338:Eritrea 1244:Bahrain 1218:Bahrain 1177:Algeria 1155:became 941:present 928:present 915:present 829:Tunisia 708:Lebanon 608:Bahrain 587:Algeria 474:History 355:present 253:by the 235:deposed 188:Baghdad 80:, Iraq 78:Baghdad 53:Founded 11878:Active 11027:) (167 10636:(RPCP) 10628:(RDPP) 10620:(PPSF) 10612:(PPSF) 10599:(FIDA) 10525:(DFLP) 10501:(PFLP) 10307:AJD/MR 9999:Active 9340:Banned 9300:Zamzam 9085:Banned 8435:Ahd 54 7093:Former 6725:Jordan 6674:Jordan 5641:Jordan 4694: 4587: 4558: 4525: 4462: 4426: 4368: 4335: 4297: 4237: 4208: 4175: 4139: 3936: 3903: 3870: 3837: 3804: 3771: 3716: 3683: 3650: 3617: 3584: 3551: 3495: 3462: 3429: 3197: 3161: 3128: 3095: 3010: 2968: 2932: 2843: 2812: 2744:5 July 2444: 2415: 2386: 2357: 2328: 2295: 2206:Arabic 2191:Arabic 2142:French 2131:Arabic 1867:French 1859:Israel 1816:French 1796:Arabic 1584:Arabic 1513:Kuwait 1465:Arabic 1410:Jordan 1371:Iraqis 1306:Arabic 1258:. The 1230:Arabic 1200:French 1189:Arabic 692:Kuwait 671:Jordan 369:People 259:allies 241:. The 173:Arabic 140:Colors 10591:(PCP) 10583:(PAF) 10575:(PLF) 10567:(PLF) 10554:(ALF) 10545:Other 10534:(PPP) 10510:(PNI) 10493:Fatah 10487:Hamas 10397:Ribat 10301:Sawab 10258:HIWAR 10252:HATEM 10205:(107) 9707:(128) 8903:(17) 8879:(33) 8586:Wafaa 8485:Islah 8020:Fatah 7195:Sawab 6875:Youth 6837:Wings 6777:Yemen 6755:Syria 6750:Sudan 6709:Yemen 6699:Sudan 6684:Libya 6657:Egypt 6487:Syria 6385:Syria 6335:Yemen 6102:Syria 5711:Syria 4051:(PDF) 4044:(PDF) 2962:51–52 2655:أخبار 2318:Verso 2179:Yemen 2150:death 2056:Syria 2001:Sudan 1783:With 1780:. 1669:Idris 1653:Libya 1482:on a 1445:Syria 1294:Egypt 850:Yemen 808:Syria 787:Sudan 729:Libya 629:Egypt 11474:(12) 11468:(80) 10495:(45) 10489:(74) 10392:PSJN 10387:PRDR 10283:(11) 10211:(10) 9884:Lana 9847:(13) 9803:(19) 9794:(38) 9738:(13) 9732:(14) 9726:(17) 9717:(60) 9601:(16) 9591:(24) 9438:(38) 9429:(65) 9205:(19) 9199:(21) 9193:(31) 9058:(1) 9052:(1) 9008:(1) 8932:(14) 8926:(17) 8897:(31) 8873:(37) 8867:(73) 8366:(39) 8360:(48) 8354:(58) 8348:(65) 8342:(98) 6662:Iraq 6447:Iraq 6360:Iraq 5897:Iraq 5594:Iraq 5166:2012 5140:2011 5111:2012 5083:2012 5055:2012 5015:2012 4987:2012 4951:2012 4919:2013 4889:2013 4867:2012 4844:2012 4817:2012 4787:2012 4758:2013 4728:2012 4692:ISBN 4665:2013 4630:2013 4585:ISBN 4556:ISBN 4523:ISBN 4496:2013 4460:ISBN 4424:ISBN 4397:2023 4366:ISBN 4333:ISBN 4306:2023 4295:ISSN 4272:2023 4246:2023 4235:ISSN 4206:ISBN 4173:ISBN 4137:ISBN 4110:2023 4085:2023 4059:2013 3934:ISBN 3901:ISBN 3868:ISBN 3835:ISBN 3802:ISBN 3769:ISBN 3714:ISBN 3681:ISBN 3648:ISBN 3615:ISBN 3582:ISBN 3549:ISBN 3493:ISBN 3460:ISBN 3427:ISBN 3400:2012 3338:2012 3309:2013 3261:2013 3231:2013 3195:ISBN 3159:ISBN 3126:ISBN 3093:ISBN 3063:2013 3008:ISBN 2966:ISBN 2930:ISBN 2903:2011 2841:ISBN 2810:ISBN 2772:2013 2746:2013 2720:2012 2692:2012 2664:2012 2636:2013 2605:2012 2571:2012 2537:2012 2509:2012 2478:2013 2442:ISBN 2413:ISBN 2384:ISBN 2355:ISBN 2326:ISBN 2293:ISBN 1966:The 1898:1969 1851:Iraq 1774:Iraq 1716:and 1687:The 1478:and 1476:1993 1443:and 1441:Iraq 1378:and 1354:Iraq 1268:Zinj 650:Iraq 537:1963 219:Iran 192:Iraq 167:The 56:1966 11607:MDS 11599:VDS 11492:(1) 11486:(2) 11480:(7) 11108:(0) 11089:(0) 11083:(0) 11077:(1) 11071:(1) 11065:(2) 11059:(2) 11053:(3) 11047:(2) 11041:(3) 11035:(3) 10537:(1) 10528:(1) 10519:(2) 10513:(2) 10504:(3) 10402:PCP 10383:(1) 10381:PMM 10362:PUD 10357:CAP 10347:RFD 10342:APP 10337:UFP 10315:(1) 10309:(4) 10299:4, 10297:RAG 10289:(7) 10266:(2) 10260:(3) 10254:(3) 10248:(5) 10242:(5) 10236:(6) 10230:(6) 10228:AND 10209:UDP 9927:(1) 9921:(1) 9915:(8) 9898:(1) 9892:(1) 9886:(1) 9880:(1) 9874:(1) 9868:(1) 9862:(1) 9856:(2) 9833:(1) 9827:(1) 9821:(2) 9815:(4) 9809:(8) 9780:(1) 9774:(1) 9768:(1) 9762:(1) 9756:(2) 9750:(2) 9744:(3) 9678:(1) 9672:(0) 9666:(2) 9657:(3) 9646:(1) 9640:(1) 9634:(2) 9628:(1) 9622:(6) 9616:(2) 9610:(3) 9474:(1) 9468:(1) 9462:(2) 9456:(2) 9450:(2) 9444:(3) 9232:(1) 9002:(4) 8985:(1) 8979:(2) 8973:(4) 8967:(5) 8961:(6) 8955:(9) 8949:(9) 8420:(1) 8414:(1) 8408:(1) 8402:(1) 8396:(2) 8390:(2) 8384:(2) 8378:(2) 8372:(3) 4688:210 4519:163 4456:702 4420:848 4362:345 4329:114 4202:848 4133:217 4000:583 3930:166 3897:296 3864:281 3831:277 3798:180 3765:123 3710:205 3677:111 3644:316 3611:198 3578:307 3522:106 3489:144 3456:143 3191:120 3122:280 3004:203 2837:252 2438:347 2380:169 2351:192 2322:106 2216:). 2152:of 2079:. 1772:'s 1536:. 12078:: 11603:PR 10303:1) 5131:. 5041:. 5004:. 4972:. 4959:^ 4795:^ 4777:. 4766:^ 4744:. 4714:. 4690:. 4682:. 4651:. 4638:^ 4616:. 4599:^ 4579:. 4554:. 4552:58 4546:. 4521:. 4513:. 4482:. 4458:. 4450:. 4422:. 4414:. 4388:. 4364:. 4356:. 4331:. 4323:. 4293:. 4289:. 4262:. 4233:. 4229:. 4204:. 4196:. 4171:. 4169:87 4163:. 4151:^ 4135:. 4127:. 4101:. 4076:. 4008:^ 3977:20 3932:. 3924:. 3899:. 3891:. 3866:. 3858:. 3833:. 3825:. 3800:. 3792:. 3767:. 3759:. 3742:58 3736:. 3712:. 3704:. 3679:. 3671:. 3646:. 3638:. 3613:. 3605:. 3580:. 3572:. 3547:. 3545:74 3539:. 3491:. 3483:. 3458:. 3450:. 3425:. 3423:79 3417:. 3388:. 3369:. 3295:. 3284:^ 3247:. 3217:. 3193:. 3185:. 3157:. 3155:19 3149:. 3124:. 3116:. 3091:. 3089:79 3083:. 3049:. 3022:^ 3006:. 2998:. 2980:^ 2964:. 2956:. 2944:^ 2928:. 2926:60 2920:. 2892:. 2867:^ 2839:. 2762:. 2736:. 2613:^ 2498:. 2486:^ 2456:^ 2440:. 2411:. 2409:36 2382:. 2353:. 2324:. 2316:. 2291:. 2283:. 2208:: 2193:: 2144:: 2140:; 2133:: 1993:. 1989:, 1869:: 1818:: 1814:, 1802:, 1798:: 1649:. 1590:, 1586:: 1560:. 1467:: 1382:. 1308:: 1270:. 1236:, 1232:: 1214:. 1202:: 1198:; 1191:: 1118:, 1114:, 276:on 261:. 255:US 202:. 190:, 175:: 11856:e 11849:t 11842:v 11609:) 11605:- 11601:- 11431:e 11424:t 11417:v 10989:e 10982:t 10975:v 10701:e 10694:t 10687:v 10459:e 10452:t 10445:v 10295:( 10161:e 10154:t 10147:v 9977:e 9970:t 9963:v 9566:e 9559:t 9552:v 9404:e 9397:t 9390:v 9160:e 9153:t 9146:v 8836:e 8829:t 8822:v 8655:e 8648:t 8641:v 8308:e 8301:t 8294:v 7444:e 7437:t 7430:v 6583:* 6426:* 5745:* 5703:* 5660:* 5633:* 5575:* 5538:* 5210:e 5203:t 5196:v 5168:. 5142:. 5113:. 5085:. 5057:. 5017:. 4989:. 4953:. 4921:. 4891:. 4869:. 4846:. 4819:. 4789:. 4760:. 4730:. 4700:. 4667:. 4632:. 4593:. 4564:. 4531:. 4498:. 4468:. 4432:. 4399:. 4374:. 4341:. 4308:. 4274:. 4248:. 4214:. 4181:. 4145:. 4112:. 4087:. 4061:. 4002:. 3979:. 3961:. 3942:. 3909:. 3876:. 3843:. 3810:. 3777:. 3744:. 3722:. 3689:. 3656:. 3623:. 3590:. 3557:. 3524:. 3501:. 3468:. 3435:. 3402:. 3340:. 3311:. 3263:. 3233:. 3203:. 3167:. 3134:. 3101:. 3065:. 3016:. 2974:. 2938:. 2905:. 2849:. 2818:. 2774:. 2748:. 2722:. 2694:. 2666:. 2638:. 2607:. 2573:. 2539:. 2511:. 2480:. 2450:. 2421:. 2392:. 2363:. 2334:. 2301:. 2204:( 2086:) 2082:( 1794:( 1543:) 1539:( 1463:( 1034:e 1027:t 1020:v 147:) 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index