Battle of Wake Island

2985:. Earlier, the garrison received news that Imperial Japan's defeat was imminent, so the mass grave was quickly exhumed and the bones were moved to the U.S. cemetery that had been established on Peacock Point after the invasion, with wooden crosses erected in preparation for the expected arrival of U.S. forces. During the initial interrogations, the Japanese claimed that the remaining 98 Americans on the island were mostly killed by an American bombing raid, though some escaped and fought to the death after being cornered on the beach at the north end of Wake Island. Several Japanese officers in American custody committed suicide over the incident, leaving written statements that incriminated Sakaibara. Sakaibara and his subordinate, Lt. Cmdr. Tachibana, were later sentenced to death after conviction for this and other war crimes. Sakaibara was executed by hanging in Guam on June 19, 1947, while Tachibana's sentence was commuted to life in prison. The remains of the murdered civilians were 3150: 950: 1860: 1413: 781:

Japanese capture of the atoll. In addition, there were several air battles above and around Wake and an encounter between two naval vessels. The U.S. lost control of the island and 12 fighter aircraft; in addition to the garrison being taken as prisoners of war, nearly 1200 civilian contractors were also captured by the Japanese. The Japanese lost about two dozen aircraft of different types, four surface vessels, and two submarines as part of the operation, in addition to at least 600 armed forces. It is typically noted that 98 civilian POWs captured in this battle were used for slave labor and then executed on Wake Island in October 1943. The other POWs were deported and sent to prisoner of war camps in Asia, with five executed on the sea voyage.

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authority of Toshio Saito, and the ship was noted as a "hell ship" for the POWs. Saito encouraged cruel treatment, and the POWs were given too little food and water in unsanitary conditions in the ship's holds, and were systematically beaten and tormented. On 17 January the ship arrived in Japan, where the POWs were displayed to the Japanese press. On 20 January 1942, it went on a voyage to the prisoner of war camp in Japanese occupied China. Admiral Kajioka had refused a request by an officer to execute some of the POWs, but this officer persisted and went to Saito directly to execute some of them on the voyage. On 22 January 1941, Saito carried out the execution of the Wake POWs.

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very exciting for the military and civilians on the island, especially those hoping for an evacuation; indeed, the PBY carried secret orders to begin the evacuation of civilians. The orders for the Wake commander were to prepare most of the contractors for evacuation and also to let him know what equipment was going to be supplied by the relief mission, such as a radar, ammunition, and additional personnel. This also allowed the Wake Island staff to provide a detailed account and paperwork for the battle that had been occurring. The PBY was refueled and took off the next morning of December 21, 1941, with one additional passenger.

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retreated to a final line northeast of the airfield. "Unfortunately, Commander Cunningham had received notification of the recall of an American relief expedition that had been dispatched by the Pacific Fleet. With communications disrupted by SNLF men cutting American field phone lines, Major Devereux assumed that most of his strongpoints on Wake’s south shore had been overrun. Cunningham reluctantly issued orders to surrender, and Devereux bravely headed toward the sounds of the fighting to make sure they were obeyed."

2766: 1519: 2309: 914: 1498: 1032: 2939: 3174: 2875: 5678: 6181: 1880: 41: 1645:, to support the assault. The second Japanese invasion force came on 23 December, composed mostly of the ships from the first attempt plus 1,500 Japanese marines. The landings began at 02:35; after a preliminary bombardment, the Japanese landed at different points on the atoll. They were immediately faced with resistance by a "3" inch gun manned by Lieutenant Robert Hanna. His gun destroyed the ex-destroyers 3119: 1193: 3006: 1122:. The remaining four F4F Wildcats were in the air patrolling, but because of poor visibility, failed to see the attacking Japanese bombers. These Wildcats shot down two bombers on the following day. All of the Marine garrison's defensive emplacements were left intact by the first raid, which primarily targeted the aircraft. Of the 55 Marine aviation personnel, 23 were killed and 11 were wounded. 1830:, then Japan, to work in a coal mine. Finally, the war ended, and they were taken to a camp near Tokyo as ordered by the US. One of the last of Wake POWs to die before repatriation was hit by a container of supplies dropped on the camp by aircraft trying to get food and aid to them. From Japan, they were taken to Guam for processing, medically recovering, and then return home. 1345:

assault, Cunningham had been working with Pearl to try to get the civilians away, but of course Pearl Harbor had lost so many ships in the Pearl Harbor attack that there were fewer resources available for a relief mission. Because of the concern over radio jamming, Wake was able to send up four serviceable F4F Wildcats on patrol before the invasion fleet arrived.

1465:. After the raid, a F4F Wildcat was launched to try to follow the carrier planes back to their base, and the Wake commander also notified Pearl of the attack. There was an additional air raid later that day, with 33 G3M2 Nells striking Wake, and this killed a platoon sergeant and wounded several others; these came from the Japanese base on 2861:("Southern Bird Island" aka Marcus Island). It was a remote island to the northwest of Wake, with a small Japanese military base that was bombed but not landed upon. However, unlike Wake, Marcus (Minami Tori Shima) island had a working submarine port, which enabled it to be supplied by submarines even late in the war. (see also 2831:

and claiming four kills. In July 1943, a B-24 strike target the few depot losing another B-24 when intercepted by 20-30 Zero's. The last raid from Midway was in July 1943. The next large strike was combination of naval bombardment and carrier strike aircraft in the fateful October 1943 raids. In 1944, Wake was bombed by

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the way back to San Francisco. Midway was also attacked that day along with Wake and Pearl; it was shelled by two Japanese destroyers that withdrew after being hit by Midway's shore batteries. However, the attack destroyed a PBY Catalina and there was several casualties, along with damage to the facilities there.

2965:. One of the prisoners (whose name has never been discovered) escaped, apparently returning to the site to carve the message "98 US PW 5-10-43" on a large coral rock near where the victims had been hastily buried in a mass grave. The unknown American was recaptured, and Sakaibara personally beheaded him with a 835:, USMC with a force of 450 officers and men. Despite the relatively small size of the atoll, the Marines could not man all their defensive positions nor did they arrive with all their equipment, notably their air search radar units. The Marine Detachment was supplemented by Marine Corps Fighter Squadron 2835:

operating from Midway to stop Wake from supporting the battle for the Marshall Islands. Once the Kwajalein was taken, Wake was attacked from the newly won base with B-24 raids. This continued until October 1944, thereafter Wake was only bombed a few more times by carrier strike groups usually heading

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Marines landed on Wake Island. They had advanced quite inland, until they were met with a strong US counterattack led by Captain Platt, which inflicted heavy casualties on the Japanese and forced them to retreat back to their landing area. After heavy fighting, the U.S. Marines guarding the airfield

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Later in the day, the Japanese conducted an air raid of 17 G3M2 "Nell" bombers, of which, between the defending F4F Wildcats and anti-aircraft, they claimed 2 shot down and 11 damaged. The invasion fleet returned to the Japense-controlled Marshall Islands, and preparations for the Wake relief mission

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December 7, 1941 was a clear and bright day on Wake Island. Just the previous day, Major Devereux ordered a practice drill for his Marines, which happened to be the first one done because of the great need to focus on the island's defenses. The drill went well enough that Major Devereux commanded the

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The battle started with a surprise bombing raid on December 8, 1941, within hours of Pearl Harbor, and the air raids continued almost every day for the duration of the battle. There were two amphibious assaults, one on December 11, 1941 (which was rebuffed) and another on December 23, that led to the

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in June 1942; however, the war dragged on for several more years as the Japanese had heavily defended islands throughout the Pacific and a large number of vessels. A decision to take an island had to be taken carefully, as the battles could be extraordinarily costly, with many thousands perishing in

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on 26 November 1941. On 8 December, she saw columns of smoke rising over the island but assumed it was caused by construction work being done ashore. That night, when she surfaced to charge her batteries, she was informed by radio Wake that Pearl Harbor had been bombed and was ordered to stay out of

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Two more air raids followed in the following days. The main camp was targeted on 9 December, destroying the civilian hospital and the Pan Am air facility. The next day, enemy bombers focused on outlying Wilkes Island. Following the raid on 9 December, the four antiaircraft guns had been relocated in

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took three take-off attempts to get airborne and then flew to Midway, then Honolulu, and finally San Francisco over three days, and the passengers provided first-hand accounts of the attack. The passengers not only experienced the Wake air raid, but also had seen damage at Midway and Pearl Harbor on

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amphibious flying boat that had survived the attack unscathed save a few bullet holes. The surviving Chamorro workers did not board the plane and were left behind. The aircraft was stripped down to hold as many as possible, and about 40 passengers could fit but they had to sit on the bare floor. The

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trans-Pacific amphibious air service initiated in 1935. The civilian facility was part of a string of seaplane bases that opened the first commercial air route across the Pacific, and other stops were at islands across the Pacific. The flying boats were some of the largest fixed-wing aircraft of the

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From June 1942 to July 1943, there were many B-24 raids and photographic recon missions were launched from Midway to Wake, often resulting in air battles between Zero's and bombers. For example, on 15 May 1943, a raid of 7 B-24s made it Wake to be intercepted by 22 Zero's, with allies losing 1 B-24

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was on the USN's new fleet submarines when it was commissioned in June 1940, and was on a peacetime patrol near Wake Island when war broke out. It was on patrol near Wake until it had an engine failure and had to go back to port. It had to be repaired and did not return service until early 1942. It

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In July 1943, a prisoner of war was executed for stealing food, as ordered by Sakaibara; however, the identity of this POW is unknown. On October 7, 1943, the prisoners of war were executed on order of Sakaibara. They were marched into an anti-tank ditch and executed by machine gun fire. At the end

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on 20 December. He was therefore able to provide an accurate recounting of the actual happenings on Wake Island to the press and people of America, while also providing photos and maps of the island. He was also published in a nationwide magazine about the attack. The only reason Bayler was able to

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On December 22, a carrier air raid from the Hiyru and Soryu consisting of 39 planes arrived. The Wildcats defended, and in the ensuing air battle, both were shot down, with one just making it back to base and the other was not heard from. Interestingly, the Japanese admiral Abe of the carrier group

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The Japanese intercepted radio transmissions from the PBY, which caused them to move the second landing attempt forward one day. On the morning of 21 December, the second and larger invasion fleet departed their base in the Marshalls, and the carrier group accelerated. The carrier group came within

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Type 97 "Mavis" which was shot down by a Wildcat; later in the day, 26 G3M2 "Nell" attacked. Wake defenders shot down one Nell and damaged four, although there was some damage to a building and an AA gun. News of the battle reached the USA mainland, which unfortunately broadcast in new reports that

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six days later. After unloading 20 men there, she departed for China. En route, the Japanese commander of the guard contingent, Lieutenant Toshio Sato, picked five men at random and ordered them topside. There they were ordered to kneel, and he told them in Japanese: "You have killed many Japanese

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who became known as the last Marine to leave Wake Island before its capture. Bayler was withdrawn because he was one of the few Marine Corps officers that had experience establishing air-ground communications networks and had knowledge of the still top-secret US radar program. The PBY Catalina was

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Civil Engineering Company were present on the island for the construction of the military facilities. Most of these men were veterans of previous construction programs for the Boulder Dam, Bonneville Dam, or Grand Coulee Dam projects. Others were men who were in desperate situations and great need

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In early 1944, Wake was largely cut off from resupply because the Allies Pacific campaign had moved past Wake, in particular, the Japanese base to the south in the Marshall Islands that had been resupplying Wake was captured in January 1944. By May 1944 the Japanese forces on Wake began rationing

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Fearing an imminent invasion, the Japanese reinforced Wake Island with more formidable defenses. The American captives were ordered to build a series of bunkers and fortifications on Wake. The Japanese brought in four 8-inch (200 mm) naval guns, which are often incorrectly reported as having

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During this time, there was a US Naval force on the way that was going to resupply Wake on December 24, but it did not work as planned as the Japanese 2nd wave took the island on December 23 before this could take place. American and Japanese dead from the fighting between December 8 and 23

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A Wake resupply mission was under planning but was held back by the availability of ships. Finally, a Navy War planning officer made a breakthrough; they realized that if they converted a seaplane tender (which was available) and the people on Wake took no possessions, they could squeeze everyone

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After an unsuccessful Japanese landing attempt on 11 December, there would be air raids most days by G3M "Nells" and/or flying boats, with the F4F Wildcats and anti-aircraft batteries trying to defend. Meanwhile, back at Pearl Harbor a plan was developed to resupply Wake and evacuate the civilian

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U.S. submarines on patrol near Wake at the start of the battle, and at least six Japanese submarines participated. The Japanese ultimately lost two submarines in the operation, but not as a direct result of enemy action. Two Japanese submarines collided with each other, sinking one, and another

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Meanwhile, back at Pearl, Commander Pye was also impressed by the brave defense, who had gotten the reports from the PBY visit. This increased the Americans resolve to rescue Wake even if it meant risking the Tangier. The idea would be to send the Tangier in with two destroyers to do the relief

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The Pacific war finally drew to a close starting in August 1945, and the Emperor of Japan announced the surrender to the Japanese people and the agreement was formally signed by September 2, 1945. On 4 September 1945, the remaining Japanese garrison surrendered to a detachment of United States

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on January 12, 1942, with 5 of those being executed en route. In late February, there was the first raid on Wake by the US which consisted of a shore bombardment, some air raids on the 23 and 24 of February, and a fight with Japanese patrol boats. Between January and November 45 POWs died from

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In the early morning hours of 11 December the Japanese fleet moved within range and began shelling the island around 6 a.m. The island was already on alert by morning because Cunningham had been informed the Japanese were trying to jam radio communication during the night. Prior to the landing

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Of the 45 Chamorros, five were killed and five wounded in the initial airstrikes on December 8, and the five in the hospital died the next day when the hospital was bombed. The Military commander of Wake asked the surviving Chamorros if they would help defend the island; they agreed and helped

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brought supplies and 500 additional Japanese troops to Wake on 12 January 1942. The POWs were separated; about 20 stayed at the hospital due to injuries; about 367 stayed on Wake due to their construction experience; and over 1230 were put on the ship. The prisoners on the ship were under the

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s task force was delayed by the necessity to refuel its escorting destroyers on 21 December, before reaching the island. This process was prolonged by heavy weather, although the task force could still reach Wake by 24 December as scheduled. After receiving reports of heavy Japanese carrier

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was allowed to visit Wake Island, and it departed with 974 patients. It was boarded and checked both before and after the visit to confirm it was not carrying contraband, and the number of patients was confirmed; 974 Japanese were taken off Wake. On the way to Wake, it was stopped by the

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bearings. She heard a dull explosion 58 seconds later and believed one had hit the target, then went to 175 feet (53 m) and cleared the area. (No sinking was recorded, and she was not credited with one.) After their initial repulse on 11 December, the Japanese returned with two

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had left and was on its way to Guam with passengers, when it received a radio message about the attack on Pearl Harbor, and was told to return to Wake. It returned only to be caught in the Japanese surprise bombing raid which killed 9 employees and destroyed many of the buildings.

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of the war, the Japanese garrison surrendered and said the POWs had been killed in a bombing attack; however, that story broke down when some of the officers wrote notes explaining the true story, and Sakaibara confessed to the mass execution. (For further information, see the

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food, and the rationing became progressively more strict. Fishing, growing vegetables, bird eggs, and rats were important food supplies at this time, and sometimes tens of thousands of rats were eaten to stave off starvation. Their main resupply base was taken in the Allied

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case the Japanese had photographed the positions. Wooden replicas were erected in their place, and the Japanese bombers attacked the decoy positions. A lucky strike on a civilian dynamite supply set off a chain reaction and destroyed the munitions for the guns on Wilkes.

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Ro-60, a Japanese submarine that had participated in the battle but was damaged by an air attack and could no longer submerge, crashed on a reef going back to base on December 29, 1941. All 66 crew members were rescued, but the submarine had to be abandoned there.

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After the initial raid was fought off, American news media reported that, when queried about reinforcement and resupply, Commander Cunningham was reported to have quipped, "Send us more Japs!" In fact, Cunningham sent a long list of critical equipment—including

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ordered the beheading of an American civilian worker who was caught stealing. He and 97 others had initially been kept to perform forced labor. Fearing an invasion, Sakaibara ordered all of them killed. They were taken to the northern end of the island,

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by 1943. It was captured by Japanese forces in January 1942 and turned into a large sea and air base. In addition, they had bases to the south in the Marshall Islands and also west of Wake in Micronesia. The allies had a surprising victory in the

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While the Japanese gathered reinforcements for a second and larger invasion of the island, Submarine Squadron 7 sent orders to all three submarines of Submarine Division 27 on 12 December 1941 directing them to return to Kwajalein. Accordingly,

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including Wilcox and Russel; not including those that had died or been executed, that left 98 on the island. In addition, between January and November 1942, there were 45 deaths. This included some that were quite old, including a WW1 veteran.

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becoming the first Japanese surface warship to be sunk in the war. The Japanese recorded 407 casualties during the first attempt. The Japanese force withdrew without landing, suffering their first setback of the war against the Americans.

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fighters, along with three complete sets of Fire Control equipment for the 3-inch AA batteries already on the island, plus tools and spares; spare parts for the 5-inch coast defense guns and replacement fire control gear; 9,000 5-inch

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soldiers in battle. For what you have done you are now going to be killed ... as representatives of American soldiers." The Japanese then beheaded them. The bodies were used for bayonet practice and then thrown overboard.

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been captured in Singapore. The U.S. Navy established a submarine blockade instead of an amphibious invasion of Wake Island. As a result, the Japanese garrison starved, which is thought to have led to their hunting the

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at a distance of 4,000 yd (3,700 m) with at least two direct hits to her magazines, causing her to explode and sink within two minutes, in full view of the defenders on shore. Battery A claimed to have hit

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At the end of the battle on December 23, 1,603 people, of whom 1,150 were civilians, were taken prisoner. Three weeks later, all but roughly 350-360 were taken to Japanese prisoner of war camps in Asia aboard the

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After Japanese ships were spotted Commander Cunningham ordered that the guns hold fire until they got into closer range. The US Marines began firing at the invasion fleet with their six 5-inch (127 mm)

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On Monday, December 8, 1941, the day started normally enough, with a China Clipper continuing its way to Guam. But then, radio word of an attack on Pearl Harbor arrived. Wake was on the other side of the

2324:. Prior to the battle, a USS Triton crew member became sick and was dropped off at Wake Island on December 1, 1941. He became a prisoner of war at the conclusion of the battle and survived WWII. 5666: 4442: 1172:

operating south of Wake, fired 4 torpedoes at what is thought to be Japanese destroyer in the landing invasion fleet destroyer picket line that was going to arrive at Wake that morning of the 11th.

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from 30 August to 15 September, then participated in local and fleet operations in the Hawaiian area. On 19 November, the submarine headed west to conduct a practice war patrol and arrived off

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went deep and began evasive action. When the Japanese ship slowed astern, the submarine came to 120 feet (37 m) and fired four stern torpedoes—the first American torpedoes shot during

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mission. Further out to sea the two carrier groups would support the operation. However, it was a race against time, as the Japanese fleet would arrive the morning of the 23 December 1941.

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from receiving the orders despite three attempts by Submarine Squadron 7 to contact her. Consequently, she continued to patrol off Wake Island as the submarines of Submarine Division 26 —

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In September 1942, 265 were shipped away, this left 98 POWs on the island, which were executed in October 1943. Sakaibara arrived by aircraft to command Wake starting in December 1942.

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continued in Hawaii. During the battle, one Wildcat had been hit by fire, which, although landing safely, rendered it unserviceable. This left three Wildcats available for air patrols.

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were stored, although some also suggest the bomb hitting elsewhere and an explosion amidships. Two destroyers were thus lost with nearly all hands (there was only one survivor, from

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leave Wake Island was because he was a radio technician, and thus his services and abilities were greatly needed elsewhere. Therefore, he left in the only plane that was available.

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Japanese losses were 144 casualties, 140 SNLF and Army casualties with another 4 aboard ships. At least 28 land-based and carrier aircraft were also either shot down or damaged.

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for money. The construction plans included an airfield, a seaplane base, a submarine base, and a channel cut through Wilkes Island for submarines to be able to reach the lagoon.

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At 21:00 on 22 December, after receiving information indicating the presence of two IJN carriers and two fast battleships (which were actually heavy cruisers) near Wake Island,

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the garrison on Wake island was "very small"; on Wake they could hear this broadcast, which was a bit disconcerting that their size was revealed, and there was no resupply yet.

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Because it was earlier in WW2, many of the ships involved in the Battle for Wake did not survive through the war; on the Japanese side, only the Japanese seaplane tender

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The US Marines lost 49 killed, two missing, and 49 wounded during the 15-day siege, while three US Navy personnel and at least 70 US civilians were killed, including 10

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was not informed, and made no attacks on them. Neither did she make any effort to evacuate people from Wake. On 21 December, the submarine was ordered to return to

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A Martin M130 Clipper, a 4-engined flying boat Pan-American used on commercial routes across the Pacific. Wake island was one of their stopovers on the way to Guam.

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The Japanese used the POWs to build over 200 coral and concrete bunkers, pillboxes, revetments, and other fortifications such as coral revetments for aircraft.

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After the American surrender of Wake on 23 December, the military and civilian POWs were processed by the Japanese. All but about 350-360 were sent away on the

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crashed into a reef trying to get back to base after the battle. One US submarine engaged one Japanese vessel to no effect the night of 10 December. (See also

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day, and the tickets were very expensive but did allow a much faster trip to Asia and Australia. A couple dozen or so Pan-American employees, plus forty-five

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fortify the island. They were taken POW, with 33 surviving the war, and in 1982 they were granted veteran status for their contributions during the battle.

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on 25 December 1941. The ship arrived at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on 29 December 1941 and Fletcher was replaced as commander of Task Force 14 by Rear Admiral

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was on the surface 25 nautical miles (46 km; 29 mi) southwest of Wake at around 16:00 local time on 21 December 1941 when a U.S. Marine Corps

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with only 449 Marines on hand for the battles at Wake Island because one officer , USMC had been ordered to leave on 20 December with official reports.

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Early on the morning of 11 December, the garrison, with the support of the four remaining Wildcats, repelled the first Japanese landing attempt by the

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attacked the Japanese garrison on Wake Island. U.S. forces bombed the island periodically from 1942 until Japan's surrender in 1945. On 24 July 1943,

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formed by Wake Island and its minor islets of Peale and Wilkes Islands by the air, land, and naval forces of the Japanese Empire against those of the

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Honolulu, Mailing Address: National Park Service Pearl Harbor National Memorial 1 Arizona Memorial Place; Us, HI 96818 Phone: 808 422-3399 Contact.

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decided that she no longer could dive safely. The Battle of Wake Island ended as Wake Island fell to the Japanese on 23 December 1941, and that day

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various causes. On May 10, 1942, one POW was executed. On May 11, 1942, 20 more POW, including the last military POW were shipped to China on the

5096: 2014:). The convoy carried the 4th Marine Defense Battalion (Battery F, with four 3-inch AA guns, and Battery B, with two 5-inch/51 guns) and fighter 402: 2300:. Ro-66 was sunk in collision and Ro-60 damaged during the battle, collided with a reef but Jingei was able to rescue all hands before it sunk. 6407: 4024: 3817: 2497:

was on the surface 25 nautical miles (46 km; 29 mi) southwest of Wake Island — bearing 252 degrees from the atoll — to recharge her

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men to rest on the Sabbath and take their time relaxing, doing laundry, writing letters, thinking, cleaning, or doing whatever they wished.

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flight deck with Douglas SBD-3 Dauntless and F4F-3 Wildcats in the fall of 1941. Saratoga was en route to Wake when the island was captured

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bombing the island. On the night of 10 December, she surfaced and was charging her batteries when flashes of light from Wake revealed a

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was able to observe the Japanese invasion fleet on 10 December 1941, bombarding Wake and its subsequent withdrawal south; however, the

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had been a Japanese military transport since February 1941. She made a few voyages, including one transferring roughly 1,200 American

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In the aftermath of the battle, once the surrender was completed, most of the captured civilians and military personnel were sent to

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was transferred to a shore command that same day. The task force put to sea on 31 December and patrolled in the vicinity of Midway.

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Relief plans centered on the USS Tangier bringing supplies and enable civilian evacuation;it was a survivor of Pearl Hearbor attack.

5026:"The Extinct Wake Island Rail Gallirallus wakensis: A Comprehensive Species Account Based on Museum Specimens and Archival Records" 3480: 5748: 5328: 4626: 4602: 4480: 4049: 3970: 3914: 3777: 3752: 3728: 3555: 3504: 5736: 2409:

had to return to its home port in Hawaii in mid-December due to mechanical difficulties and did not have any combat engagements.

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Narrative of Captain W.S. Cunningham, U.S. Navy Relative to Events on Wake Island in December 1941 And Subsequent Related Events

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with Ro-60 class subs. Jingei would rescue the crew of Ro-60 when the battle-damaged submarine ran aground heading back to base.

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several times, but her action report makes no mention of any damage. The four Wildcats also succeeded in sinking the destroyer

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In context, there were much larger Japanese military bases in the Pacific, including over 100 thousand troops stationed in

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incurred additional damage and took on such a heavy list that her crew destroyed her secret documents and abandoned ship.

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diving tanks open. At about 13:00, the commander of Submarine Squadron 7 arrived on the scene from Kwajalein aboard his

1636: 6304: 6059: 5970: 5887: 5430: 4349: 4319: 3137: 1704: 1566: 1509: 1255: 615: 588: 4418: 2374: 1548: 1455: 5950: 5628: 5607: 5574: 5551: 5498: 5477: 5456: 5203: 4466: 4376: 4008: 2244:

and Ro-62 made it to the end of the war. Many of the US vessels played important roles in future battles such as the

1572: 640: 3193:, a 1942 film about this battle, that was started before the battle was over. It was filmed in the USA and not Wake. 925: 6296: 5907: 5877: 5276: 3196: 2740: 1718: 1280: 1261: 578: 5809: 6392: 1602: 1554: 1243: 1224: 2433:

got underway from Kwajalein with the commander of Submarine Squadron 27 embarked to conduct a reconnaissance of

2272:

was sunk in 1943. The F2A-3 Buffalos of VMF-221 would see action in the critical Battle of Midway in June 1942.

1086:, so though just hours away in time from Pearl Harbor, the massive attacks by Japan came on Monday, not Sunday. 6382: 6317: 6117: 5960: 1273: 4335: 3354: 6432: 6312: 5901: 5897: 3383: 2356:

on a parallel course. The submarine was silhouetted against the moon, and the enemy ship turned towards her.

1653:. The Japanese marines bypassed the gun position and attacked the airfield. Meanwhile, a company of Japanese 1309: 670: 533: 471: 461: 4068: 3173: 2621:

got underway from Kwajalein to support a second, heavily reinforced Japanese attempt to invade Wake Island;

5965: 2316:

Prior to and at the start of hostilities, the waters around Wake were patrolled by two USN submarines, the

1654: 1560: 1441:

flying boat arrived on December 20, 1941, with a delivery of mail. When it departed it took one passenger,

5786: 2175:; VF-3 had been reinforced by two additional Wildcats picked up in Hawaii, but one SBD had been forced to 913: 757:

on the morning of 8 December 1941 (7 December in Hawaii), and ended on 23 December, with the surrender of

6018: 5945: 5872: 3580: 3202: 2789: 2158: 1320: 715: 558: 2654:

and several of her diving tanks. After she resurfaced that night and her crew inspected her damage, her

1018:

One of the tasks of the newly built air base was resupplying B-17 bombers transiting the Pacific Ocean.

6387: 6064: 5975: 5955: 5891: 5824: 3698: 2832: 2602: 2454: 1948:(in this case it was outfitted for transport of cargo and people not Seaplanes), three heavy cruisers ( 1744: 1630: 1249: 989: 865: 793: 758: 655: 605: 583: 5725: 1307:

converted to patrol boats that were reconfigured in 1941 to launch a landing craft over a stern ramp (

1218: 1212: 419: 5917: 5702: 5228: 2862: 1961: 1732: 1596: 1578: 1438: 828: 695: 685: 518: 436: 5072: 1709:, and led ground troops after no flyable U.S. aircraft remained. A special military decoration, the 1453:

On December 21, 49 aircraft attacked Wake, striking from a Japanese carrier group consisting of the

6427: 6322: 6223: 2588: 2582: 2486: 2480: 2474: 2068: 1883:

The relief mission was bringing a SCR-270 radar, that would have made it easier to detect air raids

1714: 1337: 1331: 1325: 1236: 1073:

A group of Japanese G3M bombers in 1942, this is the type that bombed Wake (Allied codename "Nell")

1053: 1047: 1041: 705: 665: 4341: 3312: 2171:

the following day. The ship was assigned to Task Force (TF) 14 under the command of Rear Admiral

2108: 1955: 1918: 1686: 1538: 1502: 1416:

7 December 1941: Photograph taken from a Japanese Navy plane during the Pearl Harbor attack, the

1230: 1083: 1008: 982: 720: 675: 503: 476: 446: 3971:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (All Hands Have Behaved Splendidly)" 3598: 6236: 6206: 6013: 5852: 3028: 2979:, with the handover being officially conducted in a brief ceremony aboard the destroyer escort 2976: 2916:(DD-677) to confirm it was carrying the patients. The condition was recorded first hand by the 2281: 1985: 1967: 1892: 1696: 1534: 1090: 1025: 823:

began construction of a military base on the atoll. On 19 August, the first permanent military

630: 528: 513: 451: 198: 2405:

did not pursue them as this was in Triton's patrol area so it headed north. The submarine USS

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attacked Wake Island, destroying eight of the 12 F4F-3 Wildcats on the ground and sinking the

6165: 5940: 5862: 5817: 5301: 4940: 4603:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (Humbled by Sizeable Casualties)" 4544: 4481:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (Humbled by Sizeable Casualties)" 4366: 4123: 3998: 3943: 3729:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (Humbled by Sizeable Casualties)" 3208: 2947: 2783: 2150: 2138: 2126: 1912: 1626: 1590: 1584: 1141:

Following this attack, the Pan Am employees were evacuated, along with the passengers of the

974: 710: 548: 498: 307: 5710: 2800:, struck the Japanese garrison on Wake Island. At least two men from that raid were awarded 971: 961: 6437: 6260: 6211: 6155: 6044: 6008: 5698: 2953: 2793: 2260:, which would have supported the Wake relief mission, survived the whole war, as would the 2253: 2086: 2080: 2053: 2022: 1973: 1759: 1621: 1315: 1301: 797: 690: 441: 164: 5524:. Osprey Campaign Series. Vol. 144. Illustrated by Peter Dennis. Oxford: Osprey Pub. 1867: 1296: 753:. The assault began simultaneously with the attack on Pearl Harbor naval and air bases in 8: 5857: 4541: 3109: 3050: 2933: 2905: 2632: 2518: 2317: 2245: 2193: 2172: 2120: 2114: 2074: 2015: 1997: 1979: 1949: 1925: 1888: 1725: 1489: 1442: 1395: 978: 840: 610: 538: 216: 5720: 5715: 5354: 4914: 4789: 4177:"Massacre on Wake Island | Naval History Magazine - February 2001 Vol. 15 Number 1" 3887: 3413:"Massacre on Wake Island | Naval History Magazine - February 2001 Vol. 15 Number 1" 1069: 6228: 6170: 6110: 6079: 5782: 5563: 5488: 5332: 5053: 4371:(1st Naval Institute Press pbk. ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 3190: 2854: 2729: 2655: 2187: 2096: 2062: 1943: 1908: 1729: 1710: 1426: 1143: 1000: 851: 820: 796:

on 4 September 1945, after the earlier surrender on 2 September 1945 on the battleship

508: 3481:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (This Is As Far As We Go)" 3009:

A memorial to the Wake Island defenders stands near the command post of Major Devereux

5776: 5765: 5624: 5603: 5570: 5547: 5525: 5494: 5473: 5467: 5452: 5426: 5307: 5090: 5045: 4504: 4372: 4345: 4241: 4004: 3892:. World War II Commemorative Series. Washington, D.C.: Marine Corps Historical Center 3656: 3535: 3455: 3389: 2805: 2572: 2567:

with the loss of 63 lives, including that of the commander of Submarine Division 27.

2196: 2132: 2102: 2003: 1934: 1350: 1285: 996: 985: 965: 902: 808: 774: 725: 660: 625: 620: 493: 481: 153: 6186: 5057: 3938:

Conville, Martin (May 23, 1943). "Full Story of Desperate Wake Island Battle Told".

1211:

The Japanese invasion fleet for the 11 December assault included the light cruisers

6281: 6160: 6074: 6054: 6003: 5985: 5923: 5839: 5037: 4233: 4118:

Conville, Martin (23 May 1943). "Full Story of Desperate Wake Island Battle Told".

3624: 2994: 2921: 2850: 2845: 2779: 2737: 2635: 2498: 2417: 2370: 2249: 2226: 1991: 1904: 1803: 1666: 1205: 1112: 1102: 858: 843: 700: 635: 523: 456: 256: 142: 4260: 2885:

in 1945. This was allowed to evacuate nearly a thousand people from Wake in June.

2792:

led by Lieutenant Jesse Stay of the 42nd Squadron (11th Bombardment Group) of the

2765: 1518: 1133: 5998: 5993: 5618: 5252: 4337:

Kinkaid of the Seventh Fleet: A Biography of Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid, U.S. Navy

3529: 3361: 2858: 2782:, an endemic bird, to extinction. On 24 February 1942, aircraft from the carrier 2671: 2293: 2286: 2184: 2043: 1940: 1891:'s Task Force 14 (TF–14) was tasked with the relief of Wake Island while Admiral 1662: 1608: 1058: 882: 874: 762: 600: 563: 387: 238: 220: 202: 186: 181: 170: 159: 148: 137: 109: 5110: 4127: 3947: 3281: 2819: 1577:), all fresh from the assault on Pearl Harbor; as well as 6th Cruiser Division ( 5539: 5073:"Pacific Battles - Pearl Harbor National Memorial (U.S. National Park Service)" 4217: 3431: 3103: 2971:. The inscription on the rock can still be seen and is a Wake Island landmark. 2746: 2505:

in the predawn darkness of 17 December 1941 when her lookouts suddenly sighted

1700: 1693: 1689: 1505: 1497: 1290: 1094: 869: 847: 832: 792:; the remaining Japanese garrison on the island surrendered to a detachment of 252: 234: 5804: 5160: 4237: 2812:

over Wake Island. After this, Wake was occasionally raided but never attacked

6376: 6358: 6345: 6216: 6150: 6103: 5049: 4245: 3660: 2899: 2882: 2809: 2725: 2701: 2687: 2544: 2530: 2308: 2176: 2049: 2042:

fire control radar for the 3-inch guns, and a large amount of ammunition for

1896: 1405: 1098: 770: 247: 229: 211: 193: 123: 5394: 4627:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (Still No Help)" 3915:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (Still No Help)" 3844: 3753:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (Still No Help)" 6265: 6145: 5326: 3556:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (Introduction)" 3505:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (Introduction)" 2797: 2594: 2457:

forces defending Wake drove back the initial Japanese assault December 11.

2361: 2332: 2234: 2222: 2147: 1931: 1493:

Diagram of battle lines at the conclusion of battle on Wake at the airfield

1473:

was impressed by the courage of two Marine pilots and made a note of this.

1370: 1126: 1031: 878: 868:

also had facilities on the island, which served as one of the stops on the

789: 746: 680: 32: 5754: 5135: 2449:

patrolling in the area supporting Japanese forces attempting to seize the

1721:, was created to honor those who had fought in the defense of the island. 175: 6288: 6140: 6126: 5584: 5449:

Fortnight of Infamy: The Collapse of Allied Airpower West of Pearl Harbor

4889: 4863: 4837: 4757: 4722: 4696: 4670: 4191: 2962: 2958: 2606: 2434: 2336: 2168: 2059: 1807: 1677: 1106: 785: 750: 645: 66: 28: 5770: 5759: 5686:

was created from a revision of this article dated 19 June 2016

4025:"Search for closure, accurate account of Wake Island massacre continues" 2268:, which was torpedoed with most of the crew lost in 1945, the submarine 6040:

Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire

5731: 2986: 2938: 2598: 2321: 2090: 2027: 1826:, where they spent several years. In 1945, they were taken by train to 1810:

to Japan in January 1942. The ship departed on 12 January, arriving in

1148: 1115: 2857:. So many small islands or atolls were bypassed, like Wake, including 6327: 5041: 2651: 2349: 2210: 1917:

was tasked with supporting the other two task forces as the Japanese

1827: 1617: 1481:

were buried on the island even before the last stand on 23 December.

1466: 1391: 1004: 804: 5639:

Victory in Defeat: The Wake Island Defenders in Captivity, 1941-1945

4368:

The First Team: Pacific Naval Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway

4000:

The First Team: Pacific Naval Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway

2874: 2571:

rescued her three survivors, who had been thrown overboard from her

3789:. Marine Corps Historical Center – via National Park Service. 2980: 2733: 2643: 2009: 1921:

remained in the area of operations, presenting a significant risk.

1819: 1811: 836: 824: 6180: 3131:

The battle left the island filled with WW2 bunkers and landmarks.

2674:

in bad weather in the predawn darkness of 29 December 1941,

2601:. The three submarines were placed on "standby alert" that day as 1425:

into it, even 1500 people. So work to prepare the seaplane tender

6252: 5204:"Memorializing the Wake Island Rail: An Extinction Caused by War" 3096: 3019: 2639: 2353: 2218: 2167:

arrived at Pearl on 15 December 1941, refueled, and departed for

2154: 2039: 2035: 2018: 1879: 1680:

by the Japanese and tasked with improving the island's defenses.

1012: 313: 40: 5490:

Hell Wouldn't Stop: An Oral History of the Battle of Wake Island

1432: 5840:

Imperial Japanese surprise attacks and battles of December 1941

3118: 2967: 2840: 2502: 2390: 1900: 1823: 754: 6095: 4057:. Division of Public Information – United States Marine Corps. 1838:

In September 1942, another 265 were taken off Wake aboard the

1724:

The only Marine to escape capture or death on Wake Island was

1192: 289:

Reinforcements arriving for Second Attempt (23 December):

3005: 2610: 2450: 2365: 2345: 2264:. However, many ships were sunk, including the heavy cruiser 1404:

The next day, 12 December 1941, began with a bombing raid by

1398: 992:

heavy, medium, and light water- and air-cooled machine guns.

766: 4971: 4890:"Sensuikan: IJN Submarine RO-62: Tabular Record of Movement" 4864:"Sensuikan: IJN Submarine RO-61: Tabular Record of Movement" 4838:"Sensuikan: IJN Submarine RO-60: Tabular Record of Movement" 4758:"Sensuikan: IJN Submarine RO-62: Tabular Record of Movement" 4723:"Sensuikan: IJN Submarine RO-61: Tabular Record of Movement" 4697:"Sensuikan: IJN Submarine RO-60: Tabular Record of Movement" 4671:"Sensuikan: IJN Submarine RO-66: Tabular Record of Movement" 4192:"Sensuikan: IJN Submarine RO-60: Tabular Record of Movement" 4083:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island" 2393:, and she arrived back at Pearl Harbor on 31 December 1941. 1533:

The initial resistance offered by the garrison prompted the

784:

The island was held by the Japanese for the duration of the

6241: 4069:"The Battle of Wake Island: Nation's Morale Lifted in 1941" 3199:(another December 1941 attack on nearby US Pacific islands) 3122:

VMA-211 Insignia after the war includes map of Wake island.

3041: 2679: 2491:— arrived in the area to relieve the departing submarines. 1119: 1089:

On 8 December 1941, just hours after receiving word of the

886: 6403:

World War II operations and battles of the Pacific theatre

5721:

A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island

4101:"Japanese execute nearly 100 American POWs on Wake Island" 3889:

A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Defense of Wake Island

3783:

A MAGNIFICENT FIGHT: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island

3205:(December 7, 1941 attacks on nearby US Midway island base) 5423:

A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941–1945

5277:"Manhattan Project: Japan Surrenders, August 10-15, 1945" 4220:

Victory in Defeat: The Wake Island Defenders in Captivity

3385:

Victory in Defeat: The Wake Island Defenders in Captivity

2581:

was with the other submarines of Submarine Division 26 —

1699:

for his actions on the island: he shot down two Japanese

5565:

Given up for dead: America's heroic stand at Wake Island

5111:"Escort Carrier Photo Index: USS MARCUS ISLAND (CVE-77)" 2912:

and on the way back from the Wake it was stopped by USS

2469:

headed back to Kwajalein, but a radio failure prevented

1168:

Late on the night of 10 December 1941 the submarine USS

1003:), as they had yet to switch over to the semi-automatic 5641:. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1612510043, 9781612510040 3867: 3699:"WWII: 45 CHamorus Caught in Wake Invasion - Guampedia" 1907:

as a diversion. A third task force, under Vice Admiral

382:

1,104 civilians interned, of whom 180 died in captivity

5787:"To Hell and Back: Wake During and After World War II" 5590:

Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 1941–1942

3211:(Japanese invasion of US held Guam 8–10 December 1941) 1179: 5153: 4831: 3331:"War in the Pacific NHP: Liberation - Guam Remembers" 2646:

her and dropping two 100-pound (45.4 kg) bombs.

2192:, carrying reinforcements and supplies, and the slow 995:

The Marines were still equipped with the bolt-action

5380:"1947: Shigematsu Sakaibara, "I obey with pleasure"" 4960:

Scearce, Phil; "Finish Forty and Home", pp. 113–114.

4829: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 3675:"1941: December 7: Japanese Attack on Midway Island" 3252: 3250: 3237: 3235: 3233: 2952:

raided Wake. Two days later, Japanese Naval Captain

2609:

threw back the first Japanese attempt to invade the

6418:

Battles of World War II involving the United States

5597: 5127: 5024:Olson, Storrs L.; Rauzon, Mark J. (December 2011). 4941:"Dirk H.R. Spennemann, 8-inch Coastal Defense Guns" 3886:Cressman, Robert J. (1998). Frank, Benis M. (ed.). 1125:Early in the morning of 8 December, a Pan-American 831:deployed to Wake Island under the command of Major 5562: 5355:"Sakaibara Shigematsu | Japanese military officer" 5136:"IJN Submarine HA-104: Tabular Record of Movement" 4183: 4017: 3992: 3990: 3305: 3282:"US ships lost in the Pacific during World War II" 3268:Martin Gilbert, the Second World War (1989) p. 282 1854: 1692:, one of the pilots from VMF-211, was awarded the 417: 5327:Maj. Mark E. Hubbs, U.S. Army Reserve (Retired). 4808: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4740: 4643: 3843:Nevitt, Allyn D.; Tully, Anthony D. (July 2014). 3247: 3230: 1064: 850:, USMC. Also present on the island were 68 6374: 5522:Wake Island 1941: a battle to make the gods weep 5303:Wake Island 1941: A battle to make the gods weep 4564: 4562: 3531:Wake Island 1941: A battle to make the gods weep 2946:On 5 October 1943, American naval aircraft from 1420:(AV-8) is the ship on the far right in this row. 5781: 5469:A Magnificent Fight: The Battle for Wake Island 5133: 4887: 4861: 4835: 4755: 4720: 4694: 4668: 4189: 3987: 3802:"Wake Island a Lesson in American WWII Bravery" 2975:Marines under the command of Brigadier General 2161:—ordered TF 14 to return to Pearl Harbor. 1553:) along with its escorts 8th Cruiser Division ( 1484: 1039:On 6 December, Japanese Submarine Division 27 ( 45:A destroyed Japanese patrol boat (#33) on Wake. 16:World War II battle in the Pacific Ocean (1941) 5177: 4907: 4775: 1061:to patrol and blockade the pending operation. 6111: 6085:Invasion of Shanghai International Settlement 5825: 5805:Youtube Summary of the Battle for Wake Island 5600:Facing Fearful Odds: The Siege of Wake Island 4969: 4559: 4467:"Brewster's Buffalo (Naval History Magazine)" 3646: 3644: 2757:rescued all 66 members of the crew of Ro-60. 2749:operations personally. Pounded by high surf, 2412: 1433:PBY visit and carrier strike (December 20–21) 403: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4161: 3591: 964:pieces, originating from the old battleship 5395:"National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific" 5095:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5023: 3842: 3599:"Battle of Wake Island, 8–23 December 1941" 3407: 3405: 2823:Detail of aircraft revetments built by POWs 2666:received orders to return to Kwajalein. As 1508:on December 11 in the attack that sank the 1369:by dropping a bomb on her stern, where the 6423:United States Marine Corps in World War II 6118: 6104: 5832: 5818: 5507: 5486: 5392: 5306:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 84, 92. 3723: 3721: 3719: 3650: 3641: 3276: 3274: 2678:went off course and ran hard aground on a 1739: 1341:patrolled nearby to secure the perimeter. 977:(with only a single working anti-aircraft 410: 396: 39: 5755:Wake island Roster Bonita Gilbert website 5620:Pacific Alamo: The Battle for Wake Island 5299: 5293: 4996:"War in the Pacific NHP: War in Paradise" 4505:"On Eternal Patrol - USS Triton (SS-201)" 4364: 4308: 4306: 4215: 4158: 3996: 3655:. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company. 2991:National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific 2804:for their efforts. Future U.S. President 2303: 1899:was to undertake a raid on the island of 1188:Diagram of the December 11 battle at Wake 6443:Attacks on hospitals during World War II 5772:Wake Island: Alamo of the Pacific (2003) 5743:Executed Today on the executed Civilians 5694:, and does not reflect subsequent edits. 5677: 5616: 5538: 5465: 5377: 4142:"1942-44: U.S. Air Raids on Wake Island" 4117: 3937: 3885: 3873: 3799: 3775: 3402: 3117: 3004: 2937: 2897:In June 1945 the Japanese hospital ship 2873: 2818: 2808:also flew his first combat mission as a 2764: 2650:crash-dived, but the attack damaged her 2416: 2340:range of Wake's guns. The next morning, 2307: 1878: 1866: 1858: 1848: 1743: 1517: 1496: 1488: 1411: 1191: 1183: 1132: 1068: 1030: 777:playing a prominent role on both sides. 6413:Battles of World War II involving Japan 5711:WW2 Facts - Battle of Wake Island Facts 5134:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2015). 4888:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2017). 4862:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2017). 4836:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2017). 4756:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2017). 4721:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2017). 4695:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2017). 4669:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2017). 4333: 4315:"The Forsaken Defenders of Wake Island" 4261:"Wake Island Prisoners of World War II" 4258: 4190:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2017). 3716: 3271: 2849:battles for remote islands such as the 1501:Wreckage of Wildcat 211-F-11, flown by 1011:and pistols in .45 caliber, as well as 239: 221: 203: 100: 6375: 6024:Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse 5726:Historynet.com Wake Island POW Account 5519: 5446: 5226: 5070: 4312: 4303: 4047: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3625:"Clippers At War @ flyingclippers.com" 3179:WW2 bunker on Wake overlooking a beach 2760: 1200:) was lost in the December 11 assault. 6408:Amphibious operations of World War II 6099: 5813: 5560: 5227:Padden, Kathy Copeland (2021-05-29). 5019: 5017: 5015: 4943:. marshall.csu.edu.au. 9 October 2005 4419:"The Sinking of the USS Indianapolis" 4416: 4041: 3909: 3907: 3804:. United States Department of Defense 3619: 3617: 3615: 3578: 3527: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3381: 3227:Naval and air personnel not included. 3155:Revetments for aircraft built by POWs 3126: 2892:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 2640:Marine Fighter Squadron 211 (VMF-211) 2275: 1924:TF–14 consisted of the fleet carrier 857:About 1,221 civilian workers for the 391: 5583: 5420: 4398:Lundstrom 2005, pp. 26–27, 29–30, 35 3256: 3241: 1833: 1565:), and the 17th Destroyer Division ( 1450:range of Wake on December 21, 1941. 846:, commanded by Marine aviator Major 6070:List of shipwrecks in December 1941 5515:(Report). United States Navy. C973. 5393:Administration, National Cemetery. 4933: 4619: 4259:Wensyel, James W. (November 2001). 3997:Lundstrom, John B. (July 1, 2005). 3954: 3816:Cox, Samuel J. (29 December 2016). 3815: 2327:Assigned to Submarine Division 62, 1771: 1180:First landing attempt (December 11) 983:.50 in (12.7 mm) Browning 13: 6398:South Seas Mandate in World War II 5971:Japanese invasion of Lingayen Gulf 5664: 5440: 5012: 4320:Naval History and Heritage Command 4284: 3904: 3822:Naval History and heritage Command 3778:"'Humbled by Sizeable Casualties'" 3612: 3579:Urwin, Gregory (23 October 2023). 3419: 3323: 3013: 3000: 2593:— at Kwajalein when Japan entered 1356:"Battery L", on Peale islet, sank 765:. It was fought on and around the 302:449 USMC personnel consisting of: 14: 6454: 5951:Japanese invasion of Batan Island 5645: 5201: 5030:The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 2989:and reburied at Section G of the 1822:and were transported by train to 1007:rifle. Other small arms included 273:First Attempt (11 December): 6185: 6179: 6050:Philippines campaign (1941–1942) 5922: 5916: 5878:Shelling of Johnston and Palmyra 5737:Wake Island Civilian POW Account 5732:Wake Island Civilian POW Account 5676: 5602:. University of Nebraska Press. 5508:Cunningham, Winfield S. (1948). 5208:Scientific American Blog Network 4407:Lundstrom 2005, pp. 40–43, 47–48 4216:Sendzikas, Aldona (2012-02-01). 3197:Shelling of Johnston and Palmyra 3172: 3160: 3148: 3136: 3099:(Marine Corps Fighter Squadron) 3024:Commandant, 14th Naval District 2046:and other battalion small arms. 1919:Second Carrier Division (第二航空戦隊) 1726:Lieutenant Colonel Walter Bayler 1719:Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal 960:The Marines were armed with six 948: 936: 924: 912: 894: 246: 228: 210: 192: 180: 169: 158: 147: 136: 116: 102: 6125: 5386: 5371: 5347: 5320: 5269: 5245: 5220: 5195: 5103: 5064: 4988: 4963: 4954: 4881: 4855: 4714: 4688: 4595: 4571: 4550: 4534: 4521: 4497: 4473: 4459: 4435: 4410: 4401: 4392: 4358: 4327: 4278: 4252: 4209: 4134: 4111: 4093: 4075: 4061: 3931: 3879: 3836: 3793: 3769: 3745: 3691: 3667: 3572: 3548: 3521: 3497: 3473: 3448: 3375: 3366: 2682:north of the atoll at 02:00 at 2292:The US Submarines were its new 2052:consisted of the fleet carrier 1855:USN relief plans and operations 1643:invasion of the Gilbert Islands 1629:; and 29th Destroyer Division ( 1353:as they approached the island. 6060:Battle of Changsha (1941–1942) 5961:Japanese invasion of Lamon Bay 5941:Attack on Clark and Iba Fields 4547:was critical. Blair, pp.120-1. 3348: 3296: 3262: 3221: 3027:Island Commander, Wake. Cmdr. 2625:followed on 14 December 1941. 2233:his flagship and Rear Admiral 2229:the following day. Leary made 2085:), and the nine destroyers of 1703:, sank the Japanese destroyer 1065:Initial airstrike and bombings 1021:On 28 November, naval aviator 1: 5902:Battle of Prachuap Khiri Khan 5898:Japanese invasion of Thailand 5414: 4540:For which squadron commander 4313:Nasuti, Guy (December 2016). 3849:: Tabular Record of Movement" 3800:Garamone, Jim (7 June 2017). 3651:Cunningham, W. Scott (1961). 3382:Urwin, Gregory J. W. (2011). 2927: 972:3 in (76 mm)/50 cal 616:Qantas Short Empire shootdown 5966:Japanese invasion of Legazpi 5598:Uwrin, Gregory J.W. (1997). 5546:. Nashville: Battery Press. 5540:Devereux, Colonel James P.S. 5466:Cressman, Robert J. (2005). 5451:. US Naval Institute Press. 4417:Kratz, Jessie (2020-07-30). 3776:Cressman, Robert J. (1992). 3355:1st Marine Defense Battalion 3047:1st Marine Defense Battalion 2802:Distinguished Flying Crosses 2790:Consolidated B-24 Liberators 1676:in Asia. However, some were 1655:Special Naval Landing Forces 1485:Second assault (December 23) 1035:Wake island in December 1941 829:1st Marine Defense Battalion 641:KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown 7: 6019:Bombing of Singapore (1941) 5946:Japanese invasion of Aparri 5883:Invasion of Gilbert Islands 5873:First Bombardment of Midway 4365:Lundstrom, John B. (1990). 4334:Wheeler, Gerald E. (1996). 4287:"They defended Wake Island" 3203:First Bombardment of Midway 3184: 1321:Special Naval Landing Force 10: 6459: 6065:Dutch East Indies campaign 5976:Japanese invasion of Vigan 5956:Japanese invasion of Davao 5793:. Charles Sturt University 5569:. New York: Bantam Books. 5520:Dennis, Jim Moran (2011). 3456:"Pre War/WWII USMC M1903s" 3302:20 later died in captivity 3044: 2931: 2833:PB2Y Coronado flying boats 2745:, to supervise rescue and 2603:United States Marine Corps 2455:United States Marine Corps 2421:Japanese submarine tender 2413:Japanese submarine actions 2331:made a training cruise to 990:.30 in (7.62 mm) 814: 318:6 coastal artillery pieces 6274: 6251: 6194: 6177: 6133: 6032: 5984: 5931: 5914: 5845: 5593:. New York: W. W. Norton. 5487:Cunningham, Chet (2002). 5472:. Naval Institute Press. 5425:. Naval Institute Press. 5329:"Massacre on Wake Island" 5161:"Japanese Hospital Ships" 4238:10.1525/phr.2012.81.1.138 4226:Pacific Historical Review 4222:, by Gregory J. W. Urwin" 4013:– via Google Books. 4003:. Naval Institute Press. 3534:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 3432:"War Boat: A Heroic Tale" 3388:. Naval Institute Press. 3333:. nps.gov. Archived from 3049:Detachment, Wake – Major 1443:Lt. Colonel Walter Bayler 429: 379: 332: 266: 129: 94: 49: 38: 26: 21: 6323:Japanese submarine Ro-66 6305:Japanese destroyer 6297:Japanese destroyer 6224:Japanese submarine Ro-60 5544:The story of Wake Island 5229:"Wake Island War Crimes" 3360:August 25, 2005, at the 3215: 3082:Capt. Bryght D. Godbold 2728:and splitting her 2067:, three heavy cruisers ( 2038:air search radar and an 1715:Navy Expeditionary Medal 1713:, affixed to either the 1101:flown from bases on the 1009:Thompson submachine guns 943:3"/50 caliber gun in WW1 5749:Massacre on wake Island 5617:Wukovits, John (2003). 5378:Headsman (2009-06-18). 5359:Encyclopedia Britannica 5185:"Return to Wake Island" 4509:www.oneternalpatrol.com 4342:Naval Historical Center 3818:"H-002-2A: Wake Island" 3585:Encyclopædia Britannica 3581:"Battle of Wake Island" 3079:3-inch Artillery Group 3068:5-inch Artillery Group 2613:. On 12 December 1941, 1740:Surrender and aftermath 1539:Second Carrier Division 997:M1903 Springfield rifle 681:Nauru and Ocean Islands 6393:History of Wake Island 6237:Wake Island Conference 6207:Winfield S. Cunningham 6014:Battle of Kuala Lumpur 5853:Attack on Pearl Harbor 5672: 5652:Listen to this article 5637:Urwin, Gregory (2010) 5493:. Carroll & Graf. 4556:Blair, pp.120 and 901. 3629:www.flyingclippers.com 3143:A rusted shore battery 3123: 3071:Maj. George H. Potter 3029:Winfield S. Cunningham 3010: 2977:Lawson H. M. Sanderson 2943: 2886: 2824: 2774: 2773:planes in October 1943 2426: 2313: 2312:USS Triton around 1940 2304:U.S. submarine actions 2183:rendezvoused with the 2023:Brewster F2A-3 Buffalo 1911:, centered around the 1884: 1876: 1864: 1818:Those POWs arrived in 1749: 1530: 1515: 1494: 1421: 1201: 1189: 1138: 1091:attack on Pearl Harbor 1074: 1057:) was dispatched from 1036: 1026:Winfield S. Cunningham 981:among them); eighteen 962:5-inch (127 mm)/51 cal 360:21 aircraft destroyed 356:2 patrol boats wrecked 328:1,221 civilian workers 324:68 U.S. Navy personnel 199:Winfield S. Cunningham 130:Commanders and leaders 6383:Battle of Wake Island 6202:Battle of Wake Island 6166:Wake Island Time Zone 5868:Battle of Wake Island 5863:Battle of Guam (1941) 5783:Spennemann, Dirk H.R. 5671: 5165:www.combinedfleet.com 4265:World War II Magazine 3313:"The Defense of Wake" 3209:Battle of Guam (1941) 3121: 3110:Grumman F4F-3 Wildcat 3085:Batteries D, E and F 3074:Batteries A, B and L 3008: 2941: 2877: 2822: 2768: 2420: 2311: 1966:), and 8 destroyers ( 1897:Task Force 11 (TF–11) 1882: 1870: 1862: 1747: 1521: 1500: 1492: 1415: 1195: 1187: 1136: 1072: 1034: 901:5"/51 caliber gun on 819:In January 1941, the 794:United States Marines 739:Battle of Wake Island 420:Japanese offensives, 333:Casualties and losses 326:5 U.S. Army personnel 322:12 anti-aircraft guns 308:1st Defense Battalion 22:Battle of Wake Island 6433:December 1941 events 6359:19.2900°N 166.6010°E 6261:Typhoon Olive (1952) 6244:(Wake radio station) 6212:Shigematsu Sakaibara 6156:Wake Island Airfield 6045:Day of Infamy speech 6009:Battle of Kota Bharu 5703:More spoken articles 5561:Sloan, Bill (2003). 5382:. ExecutedToday.com. 5335:on February 14, 2008 4469:. 29 September 2007. 3824:. United States Navy 2993:, commonly known as 2961:and executed with a 2954:Shigematsu Sakaibara 2794:U.S. Army Air Forces 2597:on 8 December 1941, 2429:On 6 December 1941, 2256:. The carrier 2254:Guadalcanal campaign 2179:on 11 December. USS 2087:Destroyer Squadron 1 866:Pan American Airways 741:was a battle of the 306:399 infantry of the 165:Shigematsu Sakaibara 6355: / 5858:Battle of Hong Kong 5716:The Defense of Wake 5421:Dull, Paul (2007). 4970:PacificWrecks.com. 4071:. 23 December 2020. 4051:The Defense of Wake 3855:. Combinedfleet.com 3653:Wake Island Command 3528:Moran, Jim (2011). 3051:James P.S. Devreaux 2934:Japanese war crimes 2863:Japanese submarine 2761:Japanese occupation 2697: / 2540: / 2519:Japan Standard Time 2246:Battle of Coral Sea 2194:replenishment oiler 2173:Frank Jack Fletcher 2089:(squadron flagship 1849:Japanese occupation 1394:, spare parts, and 1323:troops. Submarines 1278:, submarine tender 839:, consisting of 12 651:Andaman and Nicobar 380:70 civilians killed 292:2 aircraft carriers 217:James P.S. Devereux 6171:Wake Island Device 5908:Invasion of Borneo 5888:Bombing of Rangoon 5791:Digital Micronesia 5761:Wake Island (1942) 5751:(Web archive link) 5745:(Web archive link) 5739:(Web archive link) 5673: 5300:Jim Moran (2011). 4529:Forrest M. O'Leary 4048:Heinly Jr., R. D. 3601:. historyofwar.org 3191:Wake Island (film) 3127:Historic landmarks 3124: 3011: 2944: 2887: 2855:Battle of Iwo Jima 2825: 2796:, in transit from 2775: 2656:commanding officer 2575:by the collision. 2545:19.167°N 166.467°E 2427: 2314: 2276:Submarines actions 2159:U.S. Pacific Fleet 2155:Commander in Chief 1885: 1877: 1865: 1750: 1730:United States Navy 1728:who departed on a 1711:Wake Island Device 1651:Patrol Boat No. 33 1647:Patrol Boat No. 32 1531: 1516: 1495: 1427:USS Tangier (AV-8) 1422: 1351:coast-defense guns 1316:Patrol Boat No. 33 1310:Patrol Boat No. 32 1202: 1190: 1154:Philippine Clipper 1144:Philippine Clipper 1139: 1075: 1037: 986:heavy machine guns 975:anti-aircraft guns 827:, elements of the 821:United States Navy 284:1 submarine tender 282:2 troop transports 57:8–23 December 1941 6388:Conflicts in 1941 6364:19.2900; 166.6010 6338: 6337: 6093: 6092: 5728:(Article limited) 5669: 5531:978-1-84908-603-5 5313:978-1-84908-604-2 5140:combinedfleet.com 5115:www.navsource.org 4976:pacificwrecks.com 4894:combinedfleet.com 4868:combinedfleet.com 4842:combinedfleet.com 4762:combinedfleet.com 4727:combinedfleet.com 4701:combinedfleet.com 4675:combinedfleet.com 4579:"Tambor (SS-198)" 4443:"Triton (SS 201)" 4423:Pieces of History 4285:Nelson, Mary Jo. 4196:combinedfleet.com 4120:Los Angeles Times 4029:Stars and Stripes 3940:Los Angeles Times 3703:www.guampedia.com 3541:978-1-84908-943-2 3395:978-1-61251-004-0 3116: 3115: 3108:Equipped with 12 2859:Minami Tori Shima 2806:George H. W. Bush 2702:9.000°N 167.500°E 2371:aircraft carriers 2034:); as well as an 1834:Additional events 1748:Wake POWs in 1941 1528:Patrol Boat No.33 1524:Patrol Boat No.32 1319:) containing 450 1305:-class destroyers 1286:armed merchantmen 1198:show here in 1927 1118:converted into a 955:3"/50 caliber gun 931:5"/51 caliber gun 919:5"/51 caliber gun 809:Douglas MacArthur 734: 733: 584:Dutch East Indies 386: 385: 342:2 destroyers sunk 294:2 heavy cruisers 276:3 light cruisers 154:Sadamichi Kajioka 90: 89: 6450: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6366: 6365: 6360: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6351: 6348: 6189: 6183: 6161:Wake Island Rail 6120: 6113: 6106: 6097: 6096: 6080:HMS Peterel sunk 6075:USS Wake capture 6055:Malayan campaign 6004:Battle of Kampar 5926: 5920: 5834: 5827: 5820: 5811: 5810: 5801: 5799: 5798: 5693: 5691: 5680: 5679: 5670: 5660: 5658: 5653: 5634: 5613: 5594: 5580: 5568: 5557: 5535: 5516: 5514: 5504: 5483: 5462: 5436: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5405: 5390: 5384: 5383: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5365: 5351: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5331:. Archived from 5324: 5318: 5317: 5297: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5287: 5273: 5267: 5266: 5264: 5263: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5239: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5214: 5199: 5193: 5192: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5171: 5157: 5151: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5131: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5121: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5094: 5086: 5084: 5083: 5068: 5062: 5061: 5042:10.1676/11-029.1 5021: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5006: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4982: 4972:"Pacific Wrecks" 4967: 4961: 4958: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4948: 4937: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4919:iijnsubsite.info 4915:"RO-60 ex No-59" 4911: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4885: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4833: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4794:iijnsubsite.info 4786: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4753: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4692: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4666: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4623: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4613: 4599: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4589: 4575: 4569: 4566: 4557: 4554: 4548: 4538: 4532: 4525: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4515: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4491: 4477: 4471: 4470: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4453: 4439: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4429: 4414: 4408: 4405: 4399: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4331: 4325: 4324: 4310: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4297: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4256: 4250: 4249: 4213: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4187: 4181: 4180: 4179:. February 2001. 4173: 4156: 4155: 4153: 4152: 4138: 4132: 4131: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4089:on May 12, 2014. 4085:. Archived from 4079: 4073: 4072: 4065: 4059: 4058: 4056: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4035: 4021: 4015: 4014: 3994: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3981: 3967: 3952: 3951: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3925: 3911: 3902: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3797: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3764: 3763: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3739: 3725: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3710: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3685: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3648: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3635: 3621: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3606: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3576: 3570: 3569: 3567: 3566: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3515: 3501: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3491: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3467: 3460:USMCWeaponry.com 3452: 3446: 3445: 3443: 3442: 3428: 3417: 3416: 3415:. February 2001. 3409: 3400: 3399: 3379: 3373: 3370: 3364: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3343: 3342: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3309: 3303: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3278: 3269: 3266: 3260: 3254: 3245: 3239: 3228: 3225: 3176: 3164: 3152: 3140: 3042: 2995:Punchbowl Crater 2922:Wake Island Rail 2851:Battle of Tarawa 2846:Battle of Midway 2780:Wake Island Rail 2738:submarine tender 2723: 2722: 2720: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2709: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2695: 2694: 2693: 2690: 2670:was approaching 2566: 2565: 2563: 2562: 2561: 2559: 2552: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2538: 2537: 2536: 2533: 2294:fleet submarines 2250:Battle of Midway 2227:Herbert F. Leary 2207: 2021:, equipped with 1905:Marshall Islands 1851:section below.) 1804:prisoners of war 1667:Morrison-Knudsen 1627:invasion of Guam 1616:, and transport/ 1206:South Seas Force 1103:Marshall Islands 952: 940: 928: 916: 898: 859:Morrison-Knudsen 743:Pacific campaign 696:Aleutian Islands 686:Zhejiang-Jiangxi 656:Christmas Island 467:French Indochina 424: 412: 405: 398: 389: 388: 371:12 aircraft lost 358:10 aircraft lost 350:1 submarine sunk 261: 251: 250: 241: 233: 232: 223: 215: 214: 205: 197: 196: 185: 184: 174: 173: 163: 162: 152: 151: 143:Shigeyoshi Inoue 141: 140: 122: 120: 119: 112: 108: 106: 105: 86:Japanese victory 81:American victory 69:, U.S. territory 51: 50: 43: 19: 18: 6458: 6457: 6453: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6448: 6447: 6428:1941 in Oceania 6373: 6372: 6363: 6361: 6357: 6354: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6334: 6270: 6247: 6190: 6184: 6175: 6129: 6124: 6094: 6089: 6028: 5999:Battle of Jitra 5994:Battle of Gurun 5980: 5927: 5921: 5912: 5841: 5838: 5796: 5794: 5707: 5706: 5695: 5689: 5687: 5684:This audio file 5681: 5674: 5665: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5651: 5648: 5631: 5610: 5577: 5554: 5532: 5512: 5501: 5480: 5459: 5447:Burton (2006). 5443: 5441:Further reading 5433: 5417: 5412: 5403: 5401: 5391: 5387: 5376: 5372: 5363: 5361: 5353: 5352: 5348: 5338: 5336: 5325: 5321: 5314: 5298: 5294: 5285: 5283: 5275: 5274: 5270: 5261: 5259: 5251: 5250: 5246: 5237: 5235: 5225: 5221: 5212: 5210: 5202:Platt, John R. 5200: 5196: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5169: 5167: 5159: 5158: 5154: 5144: 5142: 5132: 5128: 5119: 5117: 5109: 5108: 5104: 5088: 5087: 5081: 5079: 5069: 5065: 5022: 5013: 5004: 5002: 4994: 4993: 4989: 4980: 4978: 4968: 4964: 4959: 4955: 4946: 4944: 4939: 4938: 4934: 4924: 4922: 4913: 4912: 4908: 4898: 4896: 4886: 4882: 4872: 4870: 4860: 4856: 4846: 4844: 4834: 4809: 4799: 4797: 4788: 4787: 4776: 4766: 4764: 4754: 4741: 4731: 4729: 4719: 4715: 4705: 4703: 4693: 4689: 4679: 4677: 4667: 4644: 4635: 4633: 4625: 4624: 4620: 4611: 4609: 4601: 4600: 4596: 4587: 4585: 4577: 4576: 4572: 4567: 4560: 4555: 4551: 4539: 4535: 4526: 4522: 4513: 4511: 4503: 4502: 4498: 4489: 4487: 4479: 4478: 4474: 4465: 4464: 4460: 4451: 4449: 4441: 4440: 4436: 4427: 4425: 4415: 4411: 4406: 4402: 4397: 4393: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4363: 4359: 4352: 4344:. p. 143. 4332: 4328: 4311: 4304: 4295: 4293: 4283: 4279: 4269: 4267: 4257: 4253: 4214: 4210: 4200: 4198: 4188: 4184: 4175: 4174: 4159: 4150: 4148: 4140: 4139: 4135: 4116: 4112: 4099: 4098: 4094: 4081: 4080: 4076: 4067: 4066: 4062: 4054: 4046: 4042: 4033: 4031: 4023: 4022: 4018: 4011: 3995: 3988: 3979: 3977: 3969: 3968: 3955: 3936: 3932: 3923: 3921: 3913: 3912: 3905: 3895: 3893: 3884: 3880: 3872: 3868: 3858: 3856: 3841: 3837: 3827: 3825: 3814: 3807: 3805: 3798: 3794: 3786: 3774: 3770: 3761: 3759: 3751: 3750: 3746: 3737: 3735: 3727: 3726: 3717: 3708: 3706: 3697: 3696: 3692: 3683: 3681: 3673: 3672: 3668: 3649: 3642: 3633: 3631: 3623: 3622: 3613: 3604: 3602: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3577: 3573: 3564: 3562: 3554: 3553: 3549: 3542: 3526: 3522: 3513: 3511: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3489: 3487: 3479: 3478: 3474: 3465: 3463: 3454: 3453: 3449: 3440: 3438: 3430: 3429: 3420: 3411: 3410: 3403: 3396: 3380: 3376: 3371: 3367: 3362:Wayback Machine 3353: 3349: 3340: 3338: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3311: 3310: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3287: 3285: 3280: 3279: 3272: 3267: 3263: 3255: 3248: 3240: 3231: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3187: 3180: 3177: 3168: 3165: 3156: 3153: 3144: 3141: 3129: 3039: 3016: 3014:American forces 3003: 3001:Order of battle 2997:, on Honolulu. 2936: 2930: 2763: 2724:, damaging her 2712: 2710: 2706: 2704: 2700: 2699: 2696: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2683: 2672:Kwajalein Atoll 2555: 2553: 2550:19.167; 166.467 2549: 2547: 2543: 2542: 2539: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2526: 2415: 2306: 2287:Mark 14 torpedo 2280:There were two 2278: 2205: 2185:seaplane tender 1941:seaplane tender 1857: 1840:Tachibana Maru, 1836: 1786:(later renamed 1777: 1742: 1609:seaplane tender 1487: 1435: 1182: 1067: 1059:Kwajalein Atoll 956: 953: 944: 941: 932: 929: 920: 917: 908: 899: 883:Mariana Islands 817: 763:Empire of Japan 759:American forces 735: 730: 569:Gilbert Islands 462:Zaoyang–Yichang 425: 421: 418: 416: 381: 374: 372: 370: 368: 366: 361: 359: 357: 355: 353:Second attempt: 351: 349: 347: 345: 343: 341: 327: 325: 323: 321: 319: 297: 295: 293: 291: 287: 285: 283: 281: 279: 277: 275: 257: 245: 244: 227: 226: 209: 208: 191: 187:Tamon Yamaguchi 179: 178: 168: 167: 157: 156: 146: 145: 135: 117: 115: 103: 101: 84:Second attempt: 82: 70: 44: 29:Pacific Theater 17: 12: 11: 5: 6456: 6446: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6332: 6325: 6320: 6318:Patrol boat 33 6315: 6313:Patrol boat 32 6310: 6302: 6294: 6286: 6278: 6276: 6272: 6271: 6269: 6268: 6263: 6257: 6255: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6245: 6239: 6234: 6226: 6221: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6198: 6196: 6192: 6191: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6137: 6135: 6131: 6130: 6123: 6122: 6115: 6108: 6100: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6036: 6034: 6030: 6029: 6027: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5990: 5988: 5982: 5981: 5979: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5937: 5935: 5929: 5928: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5910: 5905: 5895: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5849: 5847: 5843: 5842: 5837: 5836: 5829: 5822: 5814: 5808: 5807: 5802: 5779: 5768: 5757: 5752: 5746: 5740: 5734: 5729: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5696: 5682: 5675: 5663: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5646:External links 5644: 5643: 5642: 5635: 5629: 5614: 5608: 5595: 5581: 5575: 5558: 5552: 5536: 5530: 5517: 5505: 5499: 5484: 5478: 5463: 5457: 5442: 5439: 5438: 5437: 5432:978-1591142195 5431: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5410: 5399:www.cem.va.gov 5385: 5370: 5346: 5319: 5312: 5292: 5268: 5244: 5219: 5194: 5189:Psywarrior.com 5176: 5152: 5126: 5102: 5063: 5036:(4): 663–689. 5011: 4987: 4962: 4953: 4932: 4906: 4880: 4854: 4807: 4774: 4739: 4713: 4687: 4642: 4618: 4594: 4570: 4558: 4549: 4533: 4531:. Blair, p.83. 4520: 4496: 4472: 4458: 4434: 4409: 4400: 4391: 4377: 4357: 4351:978-0945274261 4350: 4326: 4302: 4277: 4251: 4208: 4182: 4157: 4133: 4122:. p. C5. 4110: 4092: 4074: 4060: 4040: 4016: 4009: 3986: 3953: 3942:. p. C5. 3930: 3903: 3878: 3876:, p. 109. 3866: 3835: 3792: 3768: 3744: 3715: 3690: 3666: 3640: 3611: 3590: 3571: 3547: 3540: 3520: 3496: 3472: 3447: 3418: 3401: 3394: 3374: 3365: 3347: 3322: 3304: 3295: 3270: 3261: 3246: 3229: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3213: 3212: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3186: 3183: 3182: 3181: 3178: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3135: 3128: 3125: 3114: 3113: 3106: 3104:Paul A. Putnam 3100: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3076: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3065: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3053: 3037: 3036: 3035: 3034: 3033: 3032: 3015: 3012: 3002: 2999: 2929: 2926: 2762: 2759: 2707:9.000; 167.500 2642:attacked her, 2599:Kwajalein time 2414: 2411: 2305: 2302: 2277: 2274: 2151:William S. Pye 1856: 1853: 1835: 1832: 1776: 1770: 1741: 1738: 1694:Medal of Honor 1690:Henry T. Elrod 1537:to detach the 1506:Henry T. Elrod 1486: 1483: 1434: 1431: 1196:The Kisaragi ( 1181: 1178: 1099:medium bombers 1095:Mitsubishi G3M 1093:, 36 Japanese 1066: 1063: 958: 957: 954: 947: 945: 942: 935: 933: 930: 923: 921: 918: 911: 909: 900: 893: 870:Pan Am Clipper 848:Paul A. Putnam 816: 813: 732: 731: 729: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 703: 698: 693: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 592: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 485: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 430: 427: 426: 415: 414: 407: 400: 392: 384: 383: 377: 376: 363: 362:600 casualties 339:First attempt: 335: 334: 330: 329: 317: 316: 310: 299: 298:2,500 infantry 280:2 patrol boats 269: 268: 264: 263: 253:Henry T. Elrod 235:Paul A. Putnam 189: 132: 131: 127: 126: 113: 97: 96: 92: 91: 88: 87: 79:First attempt: 76: 72: 71: 65: 63: 59: 58: 55: 47: 46: 36: 35: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6455: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6371: 6368: 6331: 6330: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6308: 6303: 6301: 6300: 6295: 6293: 6292: 6287: 6285: 6284: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6273: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6254: 6250: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6219: 6218:Takasago Maru 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6197: 6193: 6188: 6182: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6151:Wilkes Island 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6121: 6116: 6114: 6109: 6107: 6102: 6101: 6098: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6031: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5983: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5934: 5930: 5925: 5919: 5909: 5906: 5903: 5899: 5896: 5893: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5844: 5835: 5830: 5828: 5823: 5821: 5816: 5815: 5812: 5806: 5803: 5792: 5788: 5785:(2000–2005). 5784: 5780: 5778: 5774: 5773: 5769: 5767: 5763: 5762: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5685: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5630:0-451-20873-0 5626: 5623:. NAL Trade. 5622: 5621: 5615: 5611: 5609:0-8032-9562-6 5605: 5601: 5596: 5592: 5591: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5576:0-553-80302-6 5572: 5567: 5566: 5559: 5555: 5553:0-89839-264-0 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5527: 5523: 5518: 5511: 5506: 5502: 5500:0-7867-1096-9 5496: 5492: 5491: 5485: 5481: 5479:1-55750-140-8 5475: 5471: 5470: 5464: 5460: 5458:1-59114-096-X 5454: 5450: 5445: 5444: 5434: 5428: 5424: 5419: 5418: 5400: 5396: 5389: 5381: 5374: 5360: 5356: 5350: 5334: 5330: 5323: 5315: 5309: 5305: 5304: 5296: 5282: 5278: 5272: 5258: 5257:Atlas Obscura 5254: 5253:"The 98 Rock" 5248: 5234: 5230: 5223: 5209: 5205: 5198: 5190: 5186: 5180: 5166: 5162: 5156: 5141: 5137: 5130: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5098: 5092: 5078: 5074: 5067: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5001: 4997: 4991: 4977: 4973: 4966: 4957: 4942: 4936: 4920: 4916: 4910: 4895: 4891: 4884: 4869: 4865: 4858: 4843: 4839: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4795: 4791: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4763: 4759: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4728: 4724: 4717: 4702: 4698: 4691: 4676: 4672: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4632: 4628: 4622: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4584: 4580: 4574: 4568:Blair, p.123. 4565: 4563: 4553: 4546: 4543: 4537: 4530: 4527:Commanded by 4524: 4510: 4506: 4500: 4486: 4482: 4476: 4468: 4462: 4448: 4444: 4438: 4424: 4420: 4413: 4404: 4395: 4380: 4378:1-59114-471-X 4374: 4370: 4369: 4361: 4353: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4338: 4330: 4322: 4321: 4316: 4309: 4307: 4292: 4291:The Oklahoman 4288: 4281: 4266: 4262: 4255: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4221: 4212: 4197: 4193: 4186: 4178: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4147: 4143: 4137: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4114: 4106: 4102: 4096: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4070: 4064: 4053: 4052: 4044: 4030: 4026: 4020: 4012: 4010:9781612511665 4006: 4002: 4001: 3993: 3991: 3976: 3972: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3934: 3920: 3916: 3910: 3908: 3891: 3890: 3882: 3875: 3874:Wukovits 2003 3870: 3854: 3850: 3848: 3839: 3823: 3819: 3803: 3796: 3785: 3784: 3779: 3772: 3758: 3754: 3748: 3734: 3730: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3704: 3700: 3694: 3680: 3676: 3670: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3647: 3645: 3630: 3626: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3600: 3594: 3586: 3582: 3575: 3561: 3557: 3551: 3543: 3537: 3533: 3532: 3524: 3510: 3506: 3500: 3486: 3482: 3476: 3461: 3457: 3451: 3437: 3436:www.panam.org 3433: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3414: 3408: 3406: 3397: 3391: 3387: 3386: 3378: 3369: 3363: 3359: 3356: 3351: 3337:on 2012-12-17 3336: 3332: 3326: 3318: 3314: 3308: 3299: 3283: 3277: 3275: 3265: 3259:, p. 26. 3258: 3253: 3251: 3244:, p. 24. 3243: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3224: 3220: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3188: 3175: 3170: 3163: 3158: 3151: 3146: 3139: 3134: 3133: 3132: 3120: 3111: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3066: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3030: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3022: 3021: 3018: 3017: 3007: 2998: 2996: 2992: 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