27:
98:
plasma cells. They can be kappa (most of the time) or lambda. The light chains can be immunoglobulin fragments or single homogeneous immunoglobulins. They are found in urine as a result of decreased kidney filtration capabilities due to
119:
have been utilised in a number of published studies which have indicated superiority over the urine tests, particularly for patients producing low levels of monoclonal free light chains, as seen in nonsecretory multiple myeloma and
107:
from the calcium released as the bones are destroyed, dehydration due to polyuria, amyloidosis or from the light chains themselves. The light chains were historically detected by heating a
463:
Akar H, Seldin DC, Magnani B, et al. (December 2005). "Quantitative serum free light chain assay in the diagnostic evaluation of AL amyloidosis".
375:"Outcome in systemic AL amyloidosis in relation to changes in concentration of circulating free immunoglobulin light chains following chemotherapy"
508:
560:
1081:
424:"Quantitative analysis of serum free light chains. A new marker for the diagnostic evaluation of primary systemic amyloidosis"
959:
291:
207:
61:
1066:
67:
Bence Jones proteins are particularly diagnostic of multiple myeloma in the context of target organ manifestations such as
116:
553:
162:
243:"Serum free light-chain measurements for identifying and monitoring patients with nonsecretory multiple myeloma"
1168:
292:"Nonsecretory plasma cell myeloma--becoming even more rare with serum free light-chain assay: a brief review"
223:
1076:
834:
546:
1127:
1122:
1106:
1150:
1030:
87:
45:
871:
334:"Diagnostic performance of quantitative kappa and lambda free light chain assays in clinical practice"
1091:
1010:
952:
859:
696:
642:
1196:
1071:
896:
891:
654:
506:
Jones HB (1848). "On a new substance occurring in the urine of a patient with mollities ossium".
1132:
793:
199:
906:
745:
191:
1255:
1250:
996:
945:
750:
8:
1260:
901:
829:
755:
686:
719:
525:
488:
404:
272:
886:
881:
529:
480:
445:
396:
391:
374:
355:
311:
264:
203:
192:
133:
408:
1183:
812:
734:
517:
492:
472:
435:
422:
Abraham RS, Katzmann JA, Clark RJ, Bradwell AR, Kyle RA, Gertz MA (February 2003).
386:
345:
303:
276:
254:
57:
53:
20:
1225:
1203:
1173:
986:
350:
333:
307:
112:
876:
440:
423:
1061:
1056:
839:
619:
578:
121:
100:
68:
476:
1244:
991:
724:
649:
259:
242:
104:
1208:
1006:
864:
714:
603:
598:
593:
521:
484:
449:
400:
359:
315:
268:
241:
Drayson M, Tang LX, Drew R, Mead GP, Carr-Smith H, Bradwell AR (May 2001).
26:
19:"Bence-Jones" redirects here. For Mark Bence-Jones the British author, see
1114:
1100:
968:
851:
760:
673:
637:
627:
569:
151:
Bernier, G. M. & Putnam, F. W. (1963). Nature (London), 200, 223±225.
91:
80:
76:
1220:
1160:
1035:
1020:
821:
788:
770:
668:
95:
538:
83:. Bence Jones proteins are present in 2/3 of multiple myeloma cases.
1025:
678:
663:
332:
Katzmann JA, Abraham RS, Dispenzieri A, Lust JA, Kyle RA (May 2005).
1215:
922:
798:
632:
111:
specimen (which causes the protein to precipitate) and nowadays by
38:
1191:
977:
41:
373:
Lachmann HJ, Gallimore R, Gillmore JD, et al. (July 2003).
1142:
1015:
132:
The Bence Jones protein was described by the
English physician
72:
937:
331:
1040:
108:
49:
421:
198:(5th ed.). Blackwell Publishing Professional. p.
56:. Detection of Bence Jones protein may be suggestive of
372:
240:
189:
462:
1242:
185:
183:
122:amyloid light chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis)
509:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
296:Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
953:
554:
180:
960:
946:
561:
547:
327:
325:
439:
390:
349:
258:
71:, lytic (or "punched out") bone lesions,
505:
25:
568:
322:
289:
115:of concentrated urine. More recently,
1243:
428:American Journal of Clinical Pathology
190:Hoffbrand V, Moss P, Pettit J (2006).
1128:ACys+ABri/Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
1082:ATTR/Transthyretin-related hereditary
941:
542:
163:"What Is a Bence-Jones Protein Test?"
160:
154:
52:, with a molecular weight of 22–24
13:
14:
1272:
194:Essential Haematology (Essential)
30:A crystal of Bence Jones protein.
392:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04433.x
1151:AApoA1+AFib+ALys/Familial renal
1077:AA/Familial Mediterranean fever
967:
499:
456:
136:in 1847 and published in 1848.
62:Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
415:
379:British Journal of Haematology
366:
283:
234:
216:
145:
1:
1197:ACal/Medullary thyroid cancer
1169:Primary cutaneous amyloidosis
1067:Aβ2M/Haemodialysis-associated
139:
117:serum free light chain assays
351:10.1373/clinchem.2004.046870
308:10.5858/2006-130-1212-NPCMEM
7:
1123:Familial amyloid neuropathy
441:10.1309/LYWM-47K2-L8XY-FFB3
88:immunoglobulin light chains
10:
1277:
224:"Bence Jones Protein Test"
127:
46:immunoglobulin light chain
18:
1182:
1159:
1141:
1113:
1099:
1092:Organ-limited amyloidosis
1090:
1049:
975:
915:
860:Hypersegmented neutrophil
850:
820:
811:
781:
767:Hemoglobin precipitation
733:
707:
697:Hereditary stomatocytosis
643:Hereditary elliptocytosis
612:
586:
577:
477:10.1080/13506120500352339
892:Critical green inclusion
683:Sickle cell/drepanocyte
655:Hereditary spherocytosis
260:10.1182/blood.V97.9.2900
624:Membrane abnormalities
290:Shaw GR (August 2006).
103:, sometimes induced by
1133:Aβ/Alzheimer's disease
794:Red cell agglutination
522:10.1098/rstl.1848.0003
94:) and are produced by
75:, or large numbers of
31:
228:TheFreeDictionary.com
29:
1107:AANF/Isolated atrial
1050:Systemic amyloidosis
897:Alder–Reilly anomaly
751:Basophilic stippling
872:Pelger–Huët anomaly
830:Reactive lymphocyte
756:Pappenheimer bodies
687:Sickle cell disease
35:Bence Jones protein
720:Hypochromic anemia
338:Clinical Chemistry
161:Anderson, Alyssa.
32:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1209:APro/Prolactinoma
1072:AGel/Finnish type
935:
934:
931:
930:
887:Toxic vacuolation
882:Toxic granulation
813:White blood cells
807:
806:
746:Howell–Jolly body
209:978-1-4051-3649-5
134:Henry Bence Jones
86:The proteins are
1268:
1221:AIAPP/Insulinoma
1097:
1096:
980:forming proteins
962:
955:
948:
939:
938:
902:Jordans' anomaly
818:
817:
735:Inclusion bodies
584:
583:
563:
556:
549:
540:
539:
534:
533:
503:
497:
496:
460:
454:
453:
443:
419:
413:
412:
394:
370:
364:
363:
353:
329:
320:
319:
287:
281:
280:
262:
238:
232:
231:
220:
214:
213:
197:
187:
178:
177:
175:
173:
158:
152:
149:
58:multiple myeloma
37:is a monoclonal
21:Mark Bence-Jones
1276:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1230:
1226:Type 2 diabetes
1178:
1174:Amyloid purpura
1155:
1137:
1109:
1086:
1045:
971:
966:
936:
927:
911:
846:
803:
777:
729:
703:
608:
579:Red blood cells
573:
567:
537:
504:
500:
461:
457:
420:
416:
371:
367:
330:
323:
288:
284:
239:
235:
222:
221:
217:
210:
188:
181:
171:
169:
159:
155:
150:
146:
142:
130:
113:electrophoresis
24:
17:
16:Urinary protein
12:
11:
5:
1274:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1062:AA amyloidosis
1059:
1057:AL amyloidosis
1053:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
983:
981:
973:
972:
965:
964:
957:
950:
942:
933:
932:
929:
928:
926:
925:
919:
917:
913:
912:
910:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
868:
867:
856:
854:
848:
847:
845:
844:
843:
842:
840:Russell bodies
832:
826:
824:
815:
809:
808:
805:
804:
802:
801:
796:
791:
785:
783:
779:
778:
776:
775:
774:
773:
765:
764:
763:
758:
753:
748:
742:Developmental
739:
737:
731:
730:
728:
727:
722:
717:
711:
709:
705:
704:
702:
701:
700:
699:
691:
690:
689:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
660:
659:
658:
657:
647:
646:
645:
635:
630:
622:
620:Poikilocytosis
616:
614:
610:
609:
607:
606:
601:
596:
590:
588:
581:
575:
574:
566:
565:
558:
551:
543:
536:
535:
498:
455:
414:
365:
321:
282:
233:
215:
208:
179:
153:
143:
141:
138:
129:
126:
101:kidney failure
69:kidney failure
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1273:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
984:
982:
979:
974:
970:
963:
958:
956:
951:
949:
944:
943:
940:
924:
921:
920:
918:
914:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
866:
863:
862:
861:
858:
857:
855:
853:
849:
841:
838:
837:
836:
833:
831:
828:
827:
825:
823:
819:
816:
814:
810:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
784:
780:
772:
769:
768:
766:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
741:
740:
738:
736:
732:
726:
725:Polychromasia
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
712:
710:
706:
698:
695:
694:
692:
688:
685:
684:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
656:
653:
652:
651:
648:
644:
641:
640:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
625:
623:
621:
618:
617:
615:
611:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
589:
585:
582:
580:
576:
571:
564:
559:
557:
552:
550:
545:
544:
541:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
510:
502:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
459:
451:
447:
442:
437:
433:
429:
425:
418:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
388:
384:
380:
376:
369:
361:
357:
352:
347:
344:(5): 878–81.
343:
339:
335:
328:
326:
317:
313:
309:
305:
302:(8): 1212–5.
301:
297:
293:
286:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
256:
253:(9): 2900–2.
252:
248:
244:
237:
229:
225:
219:
211:
205:
201:
196:
195:
186:
184:
168:
164:
157:
148:
144:
137:
135:
125:
123:
118:
114:
110:
106:
105:hypercalcemia
102:
97:
93:
89:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
48:found in the
47:
43:
40:
36:
28:
22:
1001:
877:Döhle bodies
865:Arneth count
852:Granulocytes
715:Anisochromia
693:Stomatocyte
604:Microcytosis
599:Macrocytosis
594:Anisocytosis
513:
507:
501:
471:(4): 210–5.
468:
464:
458:
434:(2): 274–8.
431:
427:
417:
385:(1): 78–84.
382:
378:
368:
341:
337:
299:
295:
285:
250:
246:
236:
227:
218:
193:
172:27 September
170:. Retrieved
166:
156:
147:
131:
92:paraproteins
85:
77:plasma cells
66:
34:
33:
1256:Urine tests
1251:Blood tests
969:Amyloidosis
835:Smudge cell
822:Lymphocytes
761:Cabot rings
674:Schistocyte
638:Elliptocyte
628:Acanthocyte
81:bone marrow
1261:Hematology
1245:Categories
907:Left shift
789:Haemoconia
771:Heinz body
669:Echinocyte
650:Spherocyte
570:Blood film
140:References
96:neoplastic
1204:Pituitary
1184:Endocrine
679:Degmacyte
664:Dacrocyte
530:186208792
516:: 55–62.
1216:Pancreas
923:Auer rod
799:Rouleaux
633:Codocyte
572:findings
485:16399645
450:12579999
409:23475887
401:12823348
360:15774572
316:16879026
269:11313287
39:globulin
1192:Thyroid
978:amyloid
976:Common
493:7839338
465:Amyloid
277:8779162
128:History
79:in the
42:protein
1143:Kidney
708:Colour
528:
491:
483:
448:
407:
399:
358:
314:
275:
267:
206:
73:anemia
1115:Brain
1101:Heart
1016:AIAPP
916:Other
782:Other
613:Shape
526:S2CID
489:S2CID
405:S2CID
273:S2CID
247:Blood
167:WebMD
109:urine
60:, or
50:urine
1161:Skin
1041:ABri
1036:ACys
1031:AANF
1026:APro
1021:ACal
997:Aβ2M
992:ATTR
587:Size
481:PMID
446:PMID
397:PMID
356:PMID
312:PMID
265:PMID
204:ISBN
174:2023
1011:APP
518:doi
514:138
473:doi
436:doi
432:119
387:doi
383:122
346:doi
304:doi
300:130
255:doi
200:218
54:kDa
44:or
1247::
1007:Aβ
1002:AL
987:AA
524:.
512:.
487:.
479:.
469:12
467:.
444:.
430:.
426:.
403:.
395:.
381:.
377:.
354:.
342:51
340:.
336:.
324:^
310:.
298:.
294:.
271:.
263:.
251:97
249:.
245:.
226:.
202:.
182:^
165:.
124:.
64:.
1009:/
961:e
954:t
947:v
562:e
555:t
548:v
532:.
520::
495:.
475::
452:.
438::
411:.
389::
362:.
348::
318:.
306::
279:.
257::
230:.
212:.
176:.
90:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
