558:
570:
1900:
459:
582:
309:
134:
519:
391:
1893:
1164:
416:
basin, thus the
Michigan Berea Sandstone would be slightly younger. There is a downwarp in the Cincinnati arch, called the Ontario sag, that if it was present at the formation of Berea Sandstone, could mean that it formed a continuous belt of sediment between the Appalachian and Michigan basins. Nevertheless, subsequent erosion disconnected the two deposits.
415:
The majority of the sand which formed the Berea
Sandstone came from the north, flowing in a river from the highlands of eastern Canada. It was deposited in a river delta environment. Pepper, et al., hypothesized that the river flowed first into the Ohio basin before switching course to the Michigan
526:
Quarrying of Berea
Sandstone began in 1830. Until around 1840 or 1845, only grindstones were produced before diversifying into building and flagstones. More than a dozen different companies quarried the sandstone, before all consolidating into the
5375:
1188:
551:; this field accounted for the entirety of Michigan's oil production until 1927. By 2011, oil production from Berea Sandstone led northeastern Kentucky to be the most productive region of that state.
3942:
3920:
408:
age. The
Devonian-Carboniferous boundary was realigned based on research from Europe, but various geologists were not aware of the changes and so incorrectly assigned Berea Sandstone to the
3294:
3569:
3559:
3304:
3279:
3629:
3619:
3496:
3485:
3738:
3722:
3680:
3669:
3878:
3868:
5382:
3785:
3644:
3634:
3564:
3428:
3768:
3624:
3506:
3501:
3449:
3382:
3372:
3284:
3120:
557:
3910:
3847:
3743:
3433:
3811:
3639:
3377:
5310:
3727:
3517:
3418:
3387:
3362:
528:
3837:
3773:
3438:
3423:
3367:
1195:
6349:
5097:
4548:
4497:
3779:
3763:
3614:
3511:
2567:
5256:
5115:
4368:
4332:
4069:
3932:
3752:
3574:
3480:
3241:
3231:
3226:
2749:
348:
and fine- to medium-grained sandstone. In places it is hard to distinguish from the underlying
Bedford Shale. Berea Sandstone is classified as a member of the
4373:
4337:
4218:
4215:
Gantz, Hundred-foot sand, Fifty-foot sand, Thirty-foot sand, Nineveh-Snee, Gordon Stray, Fourth Sand, Fifth Sand, Bayard Sand, Elizabeth Sand, Sweet
Richard,
4182:
4029:
3962:
3732:
3716:
3609:
3455:
3402:
3196:
2106:
4239:
Upper Warren, Lower Warren, Speechely Stray, Speechely, Balltown A, Balltown B, Balltown C, Sheffield, First
Bradford, Second Bradford, Third Bradford, Kane
6469:
6359:
5320:
4841:
4492:
4006:
1979:
6656:
6231:
5350:
5207:
4553:
4280:
3883:
3873:
3822:
3794:
3584:
3579:
3475:
3221:
3211:
3206:
6735:
5202:
5107:
5102:
5077:
5072:
5067:
4327:
4039:
3973:
3951:
3937:
3251:
3926:
3816:
3664:
3412:
3299:
3259:
4228:
3490:
3443:
3289:
3201:
3113:
4204:
3674:
3805:
3246:
3236:
3216:
2372:
6715:
5832:
4285:
3967:
2317:
6705:
5368:
581:
569:
4246:
3106:
1078:"Age of the Bedford Shale, Berea Sandstone, and Simbury Shale in the Appalachian and Michigan Basins, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Michigan"
6710:
6725:
6685:
1972:
1181:
475:
544:
6695:
1965:
320:, Berea Sandstone is present in eastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania, western West Virginia, and eastern Kentucky. In the
1147:
1168:
471:
463:
6720:
17:
539:
Berea
Sandstone is a host of oil and natural gas. Commercial gas development began in 1859–60 with a well at
1672:
6730:
6690:
4726:
4708:
4690:
4304:
1927:
5592:
3692:
2149:
1580:
2954:
2831:
147:
901:
6567:
5547:
3329:
2072:
1612:
1346:
405:
991:
6700:
6129:
6033:
4777:
2501:
1687:
1565:
357:
1137:
949:
760:
378:
as "Berea", but this formation is distinct from Berea
Sandstone and is laterally separated by
6520:
6451:
6354:
6124:
5564:
5132:
4942:
2964:
2921:
1937:
1826:
1814:
1770:
1702:
1682:
1667:
1595:
1585:
1540:
1354:
1118:"The Mississippian and Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous) Systems in the United States – Michigan"
932:
714:
6587:
6464:
6308:
5827:
5633:
5315:
5212:
5158:
5044:
4680:
4560:
4387:
4177:
4065:
3522:
3465:
3352:
3269:
3083:
3000:
2926:
2886:
2816:
2799:
2731:
2572:
2554:
2527:
2448:
2409:
2111:
2094:
2049:
1788:
1555:
1033:
883:
865:
540:
483:
364:
8:
6651:
6425:
6331:
6226:
6203:
6070:
5679:
5669:
5664:
5647:
5628:
5600:
5039:
5006:
4985:
4589:
4309:
4197:
4044:
4024:
3989:
3549:
3071:
3028:
2995:
2949:
2836:
2684:
2537:
2532:
2468:
2463:
2293:
2176:
2134:
1730:
1707:
1677:
1662:
1570:
1522:
1491:
1387:
1098:"The Mississippian and Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous) Systems in the United States – Ohio"
353:
273:
42:
1037:
6639:
6552:
6542:
6193:
6157:
6134:
6102:
5975:
5957:
5921:
5911:
5817:
5799:
5725:
5720:
5391:
5325:
4888:
4872:
4685:
4672:
4625:
4598:
4468:
4382:
4299:
4172:
4128:
4087:
3706:
3653:
3593:
3129:
2881:
2699:
2689:
2587:
2582:
2496:
2458:
2453:
2211:
2193:
2139:
1988:
1899:
1874:
1853:
1783:
1692:
1652:
1590:
1545:
1409:
1204:
1057:
598:
5360:
866:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Johnson County Courthouse"
487:
6582:
6572:
6547:
6505:
6395:
6390:
6374:
6336:
6303:
6280:
6188:
6152:
5847:
5623:
5305:
5288:
5271:
5261:
5191:
5146:
5124:
5086:
4937:
4740:
4410:
4105:
4013:
3396:
3098:
2959:
2944:
2936:
2916:
2896:
2866:
2826:
2764:
2377:
2101:
1836:
1831:
1798:
1657:
1399:
1359:
1143:
1049:
548:
317:
1061:
884:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Brown County Courthouse"
531:
by 1893, which was the largest sandstone producer in the United States at the time.
6435:
6364:
6298:
6275:
6258:
6198:
6171:
6038:
6028:
5993:
5837:
5697:
5674:
5618:
5280:
5170:
5031:
4961:
4916:
4801:
4735:
4543:
4538:
4463:
4405:
4394:
4187:
4034:
3904:
3857:
3831:
3186:
3005:
2911:
2876:
2871:
2858:
2821:
2809:
2789:
2774:
2769:
2754:
2744:
2721:
2617:
2577:
2486:
2430:
2420:
2367:
2162:
2044:
1846:
1753:
1725:
1717:
1642:
1560:
1535:
1045:
1041:
502:
401:
138:
Berea
Sandstone exposed at headwaters of the Sandusky River, Crawford County, Ohio.
300:. The sandstone has been used as a building stone and is a source of oil and gas.
6562:
6537:
6208:
5906:
5878:
5861:
5779:
5715:
5582:
5247:
5178:
5141:
4980:
4782:
4522:
4507:
4435:
4275:
3700:
3543:
2906:
2901:
2794:
2726:
2666:
2473:
2425:
2414:
2404:
2387:
2341:
2307:
2239:
2234:
2216:
2157:
2129:
1932:
1647:
1575:
1505:
1473:
1404:
1377:
1308:
1173:
992:"Final report of the Berea Sandstone Petroleum System Consortium released by KGS"
375:
329:
458:
6623:
6412:
5952:
5935:
5916:
5901:
5883:
5822:
5762:
4925:
4676:
4655:
4641:
4578:
4527:
4430:
4357:
4316:
4294:
4155:
3604:
3064:
3015:
2891:
2716:
2511:
2491:
2360:
2266:
1942:
1605:
1441:
321:
1117:
1097:
6679:
6020:
5842:
5789:
5730:
5538:
5520:
5395:
5056:
4969:
4769:
4477:
4448:
4444:
4192:
4121:
4111:
3346:
3320:
3180:
3010:
2610:
2312:
2283:
2221:
2089:
2063:
2039:
1957:
1463:
1414:
1337:
1077:
425:
409:
398:
349:
341:
333:
289:
227:
177:
167:
157:
85:
38:
308:
6144:
6119:
6088:
6065:
6048:
5656:
4995:
4905:
4861:
4830:
4813:
4790:
4473:
4419:
4094:
3998:
3133:
2784:
2779:
2759:
2679:
2661:
2643:
2626:
2355:
2336:
1892:
1697:
1458:
1053:
1019:"Geology of the Bedford Shale and Berea Sandstone in the Appalachian Basin"
1018:
766:. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Geological Survey Division.
479:
430:
379:
324:, the sandstone is present in the eastern part of the state, thickest near
285:
223:
133:
6614:
6605:
6444:
6383:
6313:
5707:
5403:
5343:
5049:
4079:
3141:
3055:
3046:
2203:
2000:
1919:
1910:
1807:
1247:
1216:
368:
297:
254:
60:
46:
6577:
6513:
6457:
6267:
6249:
6057:
5985:
5794:
5610:
5574:
5503:
5022:
4822:
4718:
4264:
3896:
3535:
3172:
2849:
2635:
2546:
2300:
2121:
2031:
1744:
1550:
1238:
498:
447:
337:
181:
105:
70:
799:
797:
522:
Quarry No. 6 of the Cleveland Stone Company at Berea, Ohio, circa 1893
6632:
6496:
6404:
6180:
5771:
5483:
5425:
5237:
4164:
3152:
2987:
2275:
2011:
1326:
645:
643:
641:
518:
494:
442:
436:
428:. However some fossils have been found, including fish of the genera
345:
325:
270:
200:
196:
110:
54:
5689:
4257:
1st Elk Sand, 2nd Elk Sand, 3rd Elk Sand, 4th Elk Sand, 5th Elk Sand
4057:
2185:
742:
740:
738:
628:
626:
390:
312:
Diagram showing deposition of sand that would become Berea Sandstone
6487:
6323:
6218:
6111:
6080:
6011:
5893:
5870:
5809:
5753:
5556:
5512:
5467:
5456:
5414:
5228:
4897:
4853:
4760:
4570:
4516:
4349:
4146:
3338:
2978:
2708:
2653:
2601:
2440:
2396:
2328:
2257:
2081:
1866:
1762:
1625:
1514:
1483:
1432:
1291:
1280:
1227:
1208:
1017:
Pepper, James F.; De Witt, Wallace Jr.; Demarest, David F. (1954).
821:
794:
782:
660:
658:
547:. In Michigan, Berea Sandstone oil was first discovered in 1925 at
293:
277:
231:
215:
100:
95:
80:
75:
65:
638:
611:
5967:
5494:
4700:
3163:
2022:
735:
623:
332:
and are disconnected from each other. The sandstone overlies the
115:
90:
723:
655:
6290:
5944:
5436:
4664:
2520:
1163:
344:. Berea Sandstone is light gray to buff-colored in the form of
587:
Fig 07 Sketch map showing some of the places in northern Ohio.
352:. Berea Sandstone is up to 72 meters (236 ft) thick in
1992:
281:
219:
902:"Building Stones of Canada's Federal Parliament Buildings"
694:
833:
374:
In Michigan, the petroleum industry has referred to the
5390:
972:
682:
563:
Fig 38 Close-up of the contact of the channel sandstone
543:. Oil was discovered in the Berea Sandstone in 1860 in
363:
The sandstone was named "Berea Grit" by Ohio geologist
3128:
960:
845:
1016:
827:
803:
788:
770:
670:
649:
632:
617:
497:
and for paving. Fine grained stone has been used for
470:
Buildings constructed of Berea Sandstone include the
956:. D. H. Ranck Publishing Company. pp. 200–203.
1203:
1135:
809:
746:
729:
664:
1139:Early sedimentary evolution of the Michigan Basin
6677:
1032:(3094). United States Geological Survey: 512–3.
863:
490:, uses Berea Sandstone as window and door trim.
1136:Catacosinos, Paul A.; Daniels, Paul A. (1991).
881:
1987:
712:
5376:
3114:
1973:
1189:
356:, and up to 79 meters (259 ft) thick in
950:"Sandstone Interests of Northern Ohio - IV"
371:, for its extensive quarries of the stone.
5383:
5369:
3121:
3107:
1980:
1966:
1196:
1182:
132:
6736:Sandstone formations of the United States
761:"Stratigraphic Nomenclature for Michigan"
937:. The Macmillan Company. pp. 47–48.
899:
517:
457:
404:. Prior to the 1970s, it was assigned a
389:
328:. The two deposits are separated by the
307:
27:Sandstone formation in the United States
1095:
1075:
966:
851:
839:
776:
716:Report of the Geological Survey of Ohio
700:
688:
676:
575:Fig 15 North wall of the Buckeye quarry
14:
6678:
3943:Lower Connoquenessing Sandstone Member
3921:Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone Member
947:
930:
493:Berea Sandstone has also been used as
5364:
3102:
1961:
1177:
758:
545:Mecca Township, Trumbull County, Ohio
6716:Geologic formations of West Virginia
1115:
978:
815:
466:in Iowa is built of Berea Sandstone.
385:
6706:Geologic formations of Pennsylvania
864:Alan L. Rossmann (March 27, 1975).
828:Pepper, De Witt & Demarest 1954
804:Pepper, De Witt & Demarest 1954
789:Pepper, De Witt & Demarest 1954
650:Pepper, De Witt & Demarest 1954
633:Pepper, De Witt & Demarest 1954
618:Pepper, De Witt & Demarest 1954
24:
3295:Middle Washington Limestone Member
1898:
1891:
994:. Kentucky Geological Survey. 2017
397:Berea Sandstone was formed in the
25:
6747:
3570:Lower Pittsburgh Limestone Member
3560:Upper Pittsburgh Limestone Member
3305:Lower Washington Limestone Member
3280:Upper Washington Limestone Member
1157:
1142:. Geological Society of America.
1123:. United States Geological Survey
1103:. United States Geological Survey
1083:. United States Geological Survey
931:Wilson, Stella Shoemaker (1902).
6711:Devonian geology of Pennsylvania
3630:Lower Saltsburg Sandstone Member
3620:Upper Saltsburg Sandstone Member
3497:Lower Sewickley Sandstone Member
3486:Upper Sewickley Sandstone Member
1162:
882:Edith M. French (June 3, 1976).
580:
568:
556:
58:
6726:Geologic formations of Kentucky
6686:Geologic formations of Michigan
3739:Upper Freeport Limestone Member
3723:Upper Freeport Limestone Member
3681:Lower Mahoning Sandstone Member
3670:Upper Mahoning Sandstone Member
1010:
984:
941:
924:
893:
875:
857:
752:
1046:10.1126/science.119.3094.512-a
954:Stone; an Illustrated Magazine
900:Lawrence, D. E. (March 2001).
747:Catacosinos & Daniels 1991
730:Catacosinos & Daniels 1991
706:
665:Catacosinos & Daniels 1991
534:
303:
13:
1:
3879:Lower Mercer Limestone Member
3869:Upper Mercer Limestone Member
1076:De Witt, Wallace Jr. (1970).
604:
424:Berea Sandstone is generally
513:
7:
6696:Geologic formations of Ohio
4636:Bobs Ridge Sandstone Member
3786:Kittanning Sandstone Member
3645:Bush Creek Limestone Member
3635:Pine Creek Limestone Member
3565:Little Pittsburgh coal seam
3493:"Meigis Creek" "No. 9 Coal"
3429:Waynesburg Limestone Member
1673:Pointe aux Chenes Formation
1096:Collins, Horace R. (1979).
592:
508:
367:in 1874. He named it after
10:
6752:
4727:Helderberg Group (geology)
4709:Helderberg Group (geology)
4691:Helderberg Group (geology)
4305:Huntley Mountain Formation
3769:Johnstone Limestone Member
3625:Woods Run Limestone Member
3507:Cedarville Sanstone Member
3502:Sewickley Limestone Member
3450:Uniontown Limestone Member
3285:Jollytown Limestone Member
1928:Copper Harbor Conglomerate
419:
6631:
6622:
6613:
6604:
6504:
6495:
6486:
6443:
6434:
6403:
6382:
6373:
6322:
6289:
6266:
6257:
6248:
6217:
6179:
6170:
6143:
6110:
6101:
6079:
6056:
6047:
6019:
6010:
5984:
5966:
5943:
5934:
5892:
5869:
5860:
5808:
5770:
5761:
5752:
5706:
5688:
5655:
5646:
5609:
5591:
5573:
5555:
5546:
5537:
5511:
5502:
5493:
5482:
5466:
5455:
5435:
5424:
5413:
5402:
5342:
5279:
5270:
5236:
5227:
5169:
5123:
5030:
5021:
4960:
4896:
4887:
4852:
4821:
4812:
4768:
4759:
4717:
4699:
4663:
4654:
4569:
4515:
4506:
4348:
4163:
4154:
4145:
4078:
4056:
3997:
3988:
3911:Connoquenessing Formation
3895:
3848:Homewood Sandstone Member
3744:Freeport Sandstone Member
3691:
3534:
3434:Uniontown Sanstone Member
3337:
3328:
3319:
3171:
3162:
3151:
3140:
3063:
3054:
3045:
2986:
2977:
2935:
2857:
2848:
2808:
2707:
2698:
2652:
2634:
2625:
2609:
2600:
2545:
2519:
2510:
2439:
2395:
2386:
2327:
2274:
2265:
2256:
2230:
2202:
2184:
2175:
2148:
2120:
2080:
2071:
2062:
2030:
2021:
2010:
1999:
1918:
1909:
1889:
1865:
1845:
1806:
1797:
1761:
1752:
1743:
1716:
1633:
1624:
1604:
1581:Rockport Quarry Limestone
1513:
1504:
1482:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1395:
1386:
1368:
1345:
1336:
1325:
1299:
1290:
1279:
1255:
1246:
1237:
1226:
1215:
1116:Ells, Garland D. (1979).
472:Johnson County Courthouse
464:Johnson County Courthouse
250:
245:
237:
211:
206:
192:
187:
173:
163:
153:
143:
131:
37:
32:
3812:Vanport Limestone Member
3640:Buffalo Sandstone Member
3378:Middle Waynesburg Member
2955:Point Pleasant Formation
2832:Drowning Creek Formation
889:. National Park Service.
871:. National Park Service.
486:, both before and after
6568:Conococheague Formation
5311:Pleasent Hill Formation
3728:Butler Sandstone Member
3518:Westone Sanstone Member
3419:Gilboy Sandstone Member
3388:Lower Waynesburg Member
3363:Upper Waynesburg Member
1613:Garden Island Formation
948:Rowley, Ira P. (1893).
713:J. S. Newberry (1874).
529:Cleveland Stone Company
476:Brown County Courthouse
453:
412:(early Mississippian).
6721:Devonian West Virginia
6130:Williamsport Formation
6034:Bass Islands Formation
4778:Bass Islands Formation
3838:Beaver River Formation
3774:Middle Kittanning Coal
3439:Annabelle Shale Member
3424:Little Waynesburg Coal
3368:Little Washington Coal
2502:Tenmile Creek Dolomite
1903:
1896:
1688:Rapson Creek Formation
1566:Ferron Point Formation
759:Fitch, Harold (2000).
523:
467:
440:, plants of the genus
394:
358:Huron County, Michigan
313:
276:in the U.S. states of
6521:Copper Ridge Dolomite
6452:Wells Creek Formation
6355:Martinsburg Formation
6350:Dolly Ridge Formation
6125:Wills Creek Formation
5565:Monongahela Formation
5133:Wells Creek Formation
5098:Linden Hall Formation
4943:Goat Island Formation
4549:Skaneateles Formation
4498:Murrysville Sandstone
4108:"Big Injun Sandstone"
3780:Lower Kittanning Coal
3764:Upper Kittanning Coal
3615:Upper Bakerstown coal
3512:Redstone-Pomeroy coal
3256:Upper Washington Coal
2965:Wells Creek Formation
2922:Waynesville Formation
2568:Bass Islands Dolomite
1938:Jacobsville Sandstone
1902:
1895:
1827:Black River Formation
1703:Schoolcraft Formation
1683:Raisin River Dolomite
1668:Lime Island Formation
1596:Thunder Bay Limestone
1586:Rogers City Limestone
1541:Amherstburg Formation
1355:Grand River Formation
1171:at Wikimedia Commons
719:. Nevins & Myers.
521:
478:in South Dakota. The
461:
393:
311:
6588:Waynesboro Formation
6465:Beekmantown Dolomite
6309:Reedsville Formation
5828:West Falls Formation
5634:Pocahontas Formation
5316:Waynesboro Formation
5257:Gatesburgh Formation
5213:Stonehenge Formation
5159:Bellefonte Formation
5116:Loyalsburg Formation
5045:Reedsville Formation
4681:Bois Blanc Formation
4561:Mahantango Formation
4388:Lock Haven Formation
4369:Sherman Creek Member
4333:Sherman Creek Member
4178:Lock Haven Formation
4070:Loyalhanna Formation
4066:Greenbrier Limestone
3933:Quakertown Fire Clay
3753:Kittanning Formation
3575:Connellsville Member
3523:Pittsburgh coal seam
3481:Upper Sewickley Coal
3466:Pittsburgh Formation
3353:Waynesburg Formation
3270:Washington Formation
3242:Prosperity Limestone
3232:Claysville Limestone
3227:Fish Creek Sandstone
3084:Middle Run Formation
3001:Eau Claire Formation
2927:Whitewater Formation
2887:Grant Lake Formation
2817:Brassfield Formation
2800:Springfield Dolomite
2750:Cedarville Formation
2732:Goat Island Dolomite
2573:Bois Blanc Formation
2555:Holland Quarry Shale
2528:Amherstburg Dolomite
2449:Amherstburg Dolomite
2410:Mahantango Formation
2112:Pittsburgh Formation
2095:Waynesburg Formation
2050:Washington Formation
1789:Stonington Formation
1556:Bois Blanc Formation
541:East Liverpool, Ohio
484:Parliament of Canada
296:. It is named after
6652:Swift Run Formation
6426:St. Peter Sandstone
6332:Lexington Limestone
6227:Tuscarora Sandstone
6204:Rose Hill Formation
6071:Tonoloway Formation
5680:Bluefield Formation
5670:Princeton Sandstone
5665:Bluestone Formation
5629:New River Formation
5601:Allegheny Formation
5040:Queenston Formation
5007:Tuscarora Formation
4986:Rose Hill Formation
4590:Marcellus Formation
4374:Irish Valley Member
4338:Irish Valley Member
4310:Hampshire Formation
4219:Chadakoin Formation
4198:Cussewago Formation
4183:Riceville Formation
4045:Bluefield Formation
4030:Princeton Formation
4025:Bluestone Formation
3963:Sharon Shale Member
3733:Lower Freeport Coal
3717:Upper Freeport Coal
3610:Pittsburgh Red Beds
3550:Casselman Formation
3456:Fulton Shale Member
3403:Uniontown Formation
3197:Windy Gap Limestone
3072:Swift Run Formation
3029:Mt. Simon Sandstone
2996:Conasauga Formation
2950:Lexington Limestone
2837:Manitoulin Dolomite
2685:Greenfield Dolomite
2538:Hillsboro Sandstone
2533:Detroit River Group
2469:Hillsboro Sandstone
2464:Detroit River Group
2294:Cussewago Sandstone
2135:Casselman Formation
2107:Uniontown Formation
1731:Manitoulin Dolomite
1708:St. Ignace Dolomite
1678:Put-in-Bay Dolomite
1663:Hendricks Formation
1571:Long Lake Limestone
1523:Squaw Bay Limestone
1492:Squaw Bay Limestone
1205:Chronostratigraphy
1038:1954Sci...119..512P
981:, pp. J14–J15.
703:, pp. E12–E13.
354:Lorain County, Ohio
43:Early Mississippian
39:Stratigraphic range
6640:Catoctin Formation
6553:Weverton Formation
6543:Antietam Formation
6470:Rose Run Sandstone
6360:Nealmont Limestone
6194:McKenzie Formation
6158:McKenzie Formation
6135:McKenzie Formation
5976:Oriskany Sandstone
5958:Huntersville Chert
5922:Huntersville Chert
5912:Onondaga Limestone
5818:Brallier Formation
5800:Brallier Formation
5726:Maccrady Formation
5721:Cuyahoga Formation
5473:Igneous intrusives
5442:Igneous intrusives
5392:Chronostratigraphy
5326:Antietam Formation
5321:Tomstown Formation
4873:Syracuse Formation
4842:Camillus Formation
4686:Oriskany Formation
4673:Huntersville Chert
4626:Huntersville Chert
4599:Onondaga Limestone
4493:Knapp Conglomerate
4469:Penn Yan Formation
4383:Brallier Formation
4300:Rockwell Formation
4173:Brallier Formation
4129:Rockwell Formation
4088:Cuyahoga Formation
4007:Shenango Formation
3707:Freeport Formation
3654:Mahoning Formation
3594:Glenshaw Formation
3383:Waynesburg“A” coal
3373:Waynesburg“B” coal
3130:Chronostratigraphy
2882:Fairview Formation
2690:Tymochtee Dolomite
2588:Sylvania Sandstone
2583:Oriskany Sandstone
2497:Onondaga Limestone
2459:Delaware Limestone
2454:Columbus Limestone
2212:Cuyahoga Formation
2194:Maxville Limestone
2140:Glenshaw Formation
1989:Chronostratigraphy
1904:
1897:
1875:Munising Formation
1854:Au Train Formation
1815:Bill's Creek Shale
1784:Big Hill Formation
1771:Bill's Creek Shale
1693:Rockview Formation
1653:Bush Bay Formation
1591:Sylvania Sandstone
1546:Anderdon Limestone
1410:Marshall Sandstone
599:List of sandstones
524:
468:
395:
340:and underlies the
314:
228:West Virginia
6731:Devonian Kentucky
6691:Devonian Michigan
6673:
6672:
6669:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6657:Grenville Complex
6647:
6646:
6600:
6599:
6596:
6595:
6583:Tomstown Dolomite
6573:Elbrook Formation
6557:Loudoun Formation
6548:Harpers Formation
6533:
6532:
6529:
6528:
6482:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6421:
6420:
6396:Black River Group
6391:Trenton Limestone
6345:
6344:
6337:Trenton Limestone
6304:Juniata Formation
6281:Juniata Formation
6244:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6232:Clinton Sandstone
6189:Lockport Dolomite
6166:
6165:
6153:Lockport Dolomite
6097:
6096:
6006:
6005:
6002:
6001:
5930:
5929:
5856:
5855:
5848:Genesee Formation
5748:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5642:
5641:
5624:Kanawha Formation
5533:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5478:
5477:
5451:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5358:
5357:
5351:Grenville Complex
5338:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5306:Potsdam Formation
5301:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5289:Kinzers Formation
5262:Warrior Formation
5223:
5222:
5208:Nittany Formation
5192:Beekmantown Group
5147:Beekmantown Group
5087:Black River Group
5017:
5016:
4956:
4955:
4947:Gasport Formation
4938:Eramosa Formation
4883:
4882:
4755:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4741:Manlius Limestone
4650:
4649:
4554:Tichnor Formation
4488:
4487:
4411:Rhinestreet Shale
4281:Chagrin Formation
4141:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4106:Burgoon Formation
4014:Mauch Chunk Group
3984:
3983:
3884:Lower Mercer Coal
3874:Upper Mercer Coal
3823:Brookville Member
3795:Clarian Formation
3585:Birmingham Member
3580:Morgantown Member
3476:Benwood Limestone
3397:Monongahela Group
3315:
3314:
3222:Nineveh Limestone
3212:Nineveh Sandstone
3207:Gilmore Sandstone
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3079:
3078:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3024:
3023:
2973:
2972:
2960:Trenton Limestone
2945:Black River Group
2917:Trenton Limestone
2897:Liberty Formation
2867:Arnheim Formation
2844:
2843:
2827:Clinton Formation
2765:Euphemia Dolomite
2740:
2739:
2675:
2674:
2596:
2595:
2563:
2562:
2482:
2481:
2378:Rhinestreet Shale
2351:
2350:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2171:
2170:
2102:Monongahela Group
2058:
2057:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1861:
1860:
1837:Trenton Formation
1832:Collingwood Shale
1822:
1821:
1779:
1778:
1739:
1738:
1658:Cordell Formation
1620:
1619:
1531:
1530:
1500:
1499:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1400:Bayport Limestone
1360:Saginaw Formation
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1167:Media related to
906:Geoscience Canada
842:, pp. G5–G6.
691:, pp. E4–E5.
386:Age and formation
318:Appalachian Basin
260:
259:
16:(Redirected from
6743:
6629:
6628:
6620:
6619:
6611:
6610:
6502:
6501:
6493:
6492:
6441:
6440:
6380:
6379:
6365:Oswego Formation
6299:Cincinnati Group
6276:Cincinnati Group
6264:
6263:
6255:
6254:
6199:Keefer Formation
6177:
6176:
6108:
6107:
6054:
6053:
6039:Keyser Formation
6029:Bertie Formation
6017:
6016:
5994:Helderberg Group
5941:
5940:
5867:
5866:
5838:Sonyea Formation
5768:
5767:
5759:
5758:
5698:Greenbrier Group
5675:Hinton Formation
5653:
5652:
5619:Pottsville Group
5553:
5552:
5544:
5543:
5509:
5508:
5500:
5499:
5491:
5490:
5486:
5464:
5463:
5459:
5433:
5432:
5428:
5422:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5385:
5378:
5371:
5362:
5361:
5277:
5276:
5234:
5233:
5203:Axeman Formation
5108:Hatter Formation
5103:Snyder Formation
5078:Rodman Formation
5073:Salona Formation
5068:Coburn Formation
5028:
5027:
4934:Guelph Formation
4917:Vernon Formation
4894:
4893:
4819:
4818:
4802:Bertie Formation
4766:
4765:
4736:Keyser Formation
4661:
4660:
4544:Ludlow Formation
4539:Moscow Formation
4513:
4512:
4464:West River Shale
4406:Angola Formation
4395:West Falls Group
4328:Duncannon Member
4188:Oswayo Formation
4161:
4160:
4152:
4151:
4040:Maxton Sandstone
4035:Hinton Formation
3995:
3994:
3974:Sharon Sandstone
3952:Sharon Formation
3938:Quakertown Shale
3905:Pottsville Group
3858:Mercer Formation
3832:Pottsville Group
3335:
3334:
3326:
3325:
3252:Donley Limestone
3187:Greene Formation
3169:
3168:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3100:
3099:
3061:
3060:
3052:
3051:
3006:Kerbel Formation
2984:
2983:
2912:Saluda Formation
2877:Drakes Formation
2872:Cincinnati Group
2855:
2854:
2822:Cabot Head Shale
2790:Peebles Dolomite
2775:Lilley Formation
2770:Laurel Limestone
2755:Dayton Formation
2745:Bisher Formation
2722:Gasport Dolomite
2705:
2704:
2632:
2631:
2618:Bertie Formation
2607:
2606:
2578:Helderberg Group
2517:
2516:
2487:Dundee Formation
2431:Silica Formation
2421:Plum Brook Shale
2393:
2392:
2368:West Falls Group
2272:
2271:
2263:
2262:
2182:
2181:
2163:Pottsville Group
2078:
2077:
2069:
2068:
2045:Greene Formation
2028:
2027:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1916:
1915:
1804:
1803:
1759:
1758:
1750:
1749:
1726:Cabot Head Shale
1643:Bertie Formation
1636:
1631:
1630:
1561:Dundee Limestone
1536:Alpena Limestone
1511:
1510:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1438:
1437:
1393:
1392:
1371:
1343:
1342:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1244:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1175:
1174:
1166:
1153:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1023:
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
958:
957:
945:
939:
938:
928:
922:
921:
919:
917:
897:
891:
890:
888:
879:
873:
872:
870:
861:
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
825:
819:
813:
807:
801:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
767:
765:
756:
750:
744:
733:
727:
721:
720:
710:
704:
698:
692:
686:
680:
674:
668:
662:
653:
647:
636:
630:
621:
615:
584:
572:
560:
482:building of the
474:in Iowa and the
326:Michigan's Thumb
265:, also known as
136:
127:
57:
30:
29:
21:
6751:
6750:
6746:
6745:
6744:
6742:
6741:
6740:
6676:
6675:
6674:
6661:
6643:
6592:
6563:Conasauga Group
6538:Chilhowee Group
6525:
6474:
6430:
6417:
6399:
6369:
6341:
6318:
6285:
6236:
6213:
6209:Rochester Shale
6162:
6139:
6093:
6075:
6043:
5998:
5980:
5962:
5926:
5907:Marcellus Shale
5888:
5879:Tully Limestone
5852:
5804:
5785:Berea Sandstone
5780:Price Formation
5740:
5736:Berea Sandstone
5716:Price Formation
5702:
5684:
5638:
5605:
5587:
5583:Conemaugh Group
5569:
5525:
5484:
5474:
5457:
5443:
5426:
5415:
5404:
5398:
5389:
5359:
5354:
5330:
5293:
5266:
5248:Knox Supergroup
5219:
5179:Knox Supergroup
5165:
5142:Knox Supergroup
5119:
5013:
4981:Rochester Shale
4952:
4879:
4848:
4808:
4785:
4783:Akron Formation
4747:
4713:
4695:
4646:
4565:
4523:Tully Limestone
4502:
4484:
4436:Middlesex Shale
4344:
4276:Cleveland Shale
4133:
4117:Berea Sandstone
4074:
4052:
3980:
3927:Quakertown Coal
3923:"2nd Salt Sand"
3909:
3891:
3850:"1st Salt Sand"
3836:
3817:Brookville Coal
3705:
3701:Allegheny Group
3687:
3665:Bush Creek Coal
3548:
3544:Conemaugh Group
3530:
3464:
3413:Waynesburg coal
3401:
3351:
3311:
3300:Washington Coal
3268:
3260:Rockport Member
3185:
3153:
3142:
3136:
3127:
3097:
3088:
3075:
3033:
3020:
2969:
2931:
2907:Queenston Shale
2902:Miamitown Shale
2840:
2804:
2795:Rochester Shale
2736:
2727:Guelph Dolomite
2694:
2671:
2667:Guelph Dolomite
2648:
2621:
2592:
2559:
2541:
2506:
2478:
2474:Marcellus Shale
2435:
2426:Prout Limestone
2415:Olentangy Shale
2405:Tully Formation
2382:
2347:
2342:Olentangy Shale
2323:
2308:Cleveland Shale
2289:Berea Sandstone
2244:
2240:Rushville Shale
2235:Coldwater Shale
2226:
2217:Logan Formation
2198:
2167:
2158:Allegheny Group
2144:
2130:Conemaugh Group
2116:
2054:
2012:
2001:
1995:
1986:
1956:
1947:
1933:Freda Sandstone
1905:
1879:
1857:
1841:
1818:
1793:
1775:
1735:
1712:
1648:Byron Formation
1634:
1616:
1600:
1576:Lucas Formation
1527:
1496:
1478:
1474:Ellsworth Shale
1469:Berea Sandstone
1450:
1419:
1405:Coldwater Shale
1382:
1378:Parma Sandstone
1369:
1364:
1327:
1313:
1309:Ionia Formation
1300:
1281:
1263:
1256:
1228:
1217:
1211:
1202:
1169:Berea Sandstone
1160:
1150:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1066:
1064:
1021:
1013:
1008:
1007:
997:
995:
990:
989:
985:
977:
973:
965:
961:
946:
942:
929:
925:
915:
913:
898:
894:
886:
880:
876:
868:
862:
858:
850:
846:
838:
834:
826:
822:
814:
810:
802:
795:
787:
783:
775:
771:
763:
757:
753:
745:
736:
728:
724:
711:
707:
699:
695:
687:
683:
675:
671:
663:
656:
648:
639:
631:
624:
616:
612:
607:
595:
588:
585:
576:
573:
564:
561:
537:
516:
511:
456:
426:unfossiliferous
422:
388:
376:Ellsworth Shale
330:Cincinnati Arch
306:
263:Berea Sandstone
139:
126:
125:
124:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
52:
51:
49:
45:
33:Berea Sandstone
28:
23:
22:
18:Berea sandstone
15:
12:
11:
5:
6749:
6739:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6671:
6670:
6667:
6666:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6654:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6637:
6635:
6626:
6617:
6608:
6602:
6601:
6598:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6559:
6558:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6534:
6531:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6523:
6517:
6516:
6510:
6508:
6499:
6490:
6484:
6483:
6480:
6479:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6472:
6467:
6461:
6460:
6454:
6449:
6447:
6438:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6428:
6422:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6415:
6413:St. Paul Group
6409:
6407:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6386:
6377:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6339:
6334:
6328:
6326:
6320:
6319:
6317:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6295:
6293:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6283:
6278:
6272:
6270:
6261:
6252:
6246:
6245:
6242:
6241:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6234:
6229:
6223:
6221:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6185:
6183:
6174:
6168:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6155:
6149:
6147:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6116:
6114:
6105:
6099:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6091:
6085:
6083:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6073:
6068:
6062:
6060:
6051:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6025:
6023:
6014:
6008:
6007:
6004:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5996:
5990:
5988:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5978:
5972:
5970:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5955:
5953:Needmore Shale
5949:
5947:
5938:
5932:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5917:Needmore Shale
5914:
5909:
5904:
5902:Hamilton Group
5898:
5896:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5884:Hamilton Group
5881:
5875:
5873:
5864:
5858:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5823:Java Formation
5820:
5814:
5812:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5776:
5774:
5765:
5756:
5750:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5742:
5741:
5739:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5712:
5710:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5694:
5692:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5661:
5659:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5615:
5613:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5603:
5597:
5595:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5585:
5579:
5577:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5561:
5559:
5550:
5541:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5517:
5515:
5506:
5497:
5488:
5480:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5461:
5453:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5430:
5419:
5408:
5400:
5399:
5388:
5387:
5380:
5373:
5365:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5348:
5346:
5340:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5285:
5283:
5274:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5242:
5240:
5231:
5225:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5181:
5175:
5173:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5144:
5136:
5135:
5129:
5127:
5121:
5120:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5036:
5034:
5025:
5019:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4983:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4966:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4948:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4926:Lockport Group
4922:
4921:
4920:
4919:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4902:
4900:
4891:
4885:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4858:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4827:
4825:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4780:
4774:
4772:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4738:
4730:
4729:
4723:
4721:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4705:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4677:Needmore Shale
4669:
4667:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4642:Needmore Shale
4639:
4638:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:Hamilton Group
4575:
4573:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4528:Hamilton Group
4521:
4519:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4471:
4466:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4431:Cashaqua Shale
4425:
4424:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4358:Catskill Group
4354:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:Catskill Group
4313:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4295:Java Formation
4291:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:Bradford Group
4225:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4221:, First Warren
4216:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4169:
4167:
4158:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4062:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3965:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3924:
3915:
3914:
3907:
3901:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3842:
3841:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3814:
3809:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3766:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3711:
3710:
3703:
3697:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3672:
3667:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3605:Ames Limestone
3599:
3598:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3554:
3553:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3491:Sewickley Coal
3488:
3483:
3478:
3470:
3469:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3447:
3444:Uniontown Coal
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3407:
3406:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3357:
3356:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3332:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3290:Jollytown Coal
3287:
3282:
3274:
3273:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3202:Windy Gap Coal
3199:
3191:
3190:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3166:
3157:
3146:
3138:
3137:
3126:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3103:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3069:
3067:
3058:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3016:Rome Formation
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2941:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2892:Kope Formation
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2717:Lockport Group
2713:
2711:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2615:
2613:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2492:Lucas Dolomite
2489:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2412:
2407:
2401:
2399:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:Java Formation
2358:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2269:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2005:
1997:
1996:
1985:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1943:Nonesuch Shale
1940:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1444:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1340:
1331:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1294:
1285:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1250:
1241:
1232:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1178:
1159:
1158:External links
1156:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1133:
1113:
1093:
1073:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:
983:
971:
969:, p. E23.
959:
940:
923:
892:
874:
856:
854:, p. E17.
844:
832:
820:
808:
793:
781:
769:
751:
749:, p. 165.
734:
732:, p. 212.
722:
705:
693:
681:
679:, p. E12.
669:
667:, p. 211.
654:
637:
622:
609:
608:
606:
603:
602:
601:
594:
591:
590:
589:
586:
579:
577:
574:
567:
565:
562:
555:
536:
533:
515:
512:
510:
507:
488:reconstruction
455:
452:
421:
418:
387:
384:
365:J. S. Newberry
322:Michigan Basin
305:
302:
258:
257:
252:
248:
247:
243:
242:
239:
235:
234:
213:
209:
208:
204:
203:
194:
190:
189:
185:
184:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
137:
129:
128:
121:
120:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6748:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6701:Devonian Ohio
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6634:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6603:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6560:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6535:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6515:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6507:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6485:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6446:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6433:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6406:
6402:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6385:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6372:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6347:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6325:
6321:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6292:
6288:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6269:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6247:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6220:
6216:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6182:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6169:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6146:
6142:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6113:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6100:
6090:
6087:
6086:
6084:
6082:
6078:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6059:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6046:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6022:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6009:
5995:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5969:
5965:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5933:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5872:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5859:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5843:Harrell Shale
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5811:
5807:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5790:Bedford Shale
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5751:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5731:Sunbury Shale
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5687:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5645:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5608:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5594:
5590:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5522:
5521:Dunkard Group
5519:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5481:
5471:
5469:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5454:
5440:
5438:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5401:
5397:
5396:West Virginia
5393:
5386:
5381:
5379:
5374:
5372:
5367:
5366:
5363:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5341:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5226:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5154:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5117:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5057:Trenton Group
5055:
5054:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4988:"Red Clinton"
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4970:Clinton Group
4968:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4886:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4758:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4643:
4640:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4562:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4479:
4478:Geneseo Shale
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:Harrell Shale
4446:
4445:Genesee Group
4443:
4442:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4205:Venango Group
4203:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4193:Bedford Shale
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4130:
4127:
4123:
4122:Bedford Shale
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4112:Sunbury Shale
4110:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4047:"Little Lime"
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:"No. 4a Coal"
3807:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:"No. 6a Coal"
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3682:
3679:
3677:"No. 7a Coal"
3676:
3675:Mahoning Coal
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:"No 8a. Coal"
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3446:"No. 10 Coal"
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:"No. 11 Coal"
3414:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3347:Dunkard Group
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3181:Dunkard Group
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3124:
3119:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3011:Knox Dolomite
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2313:Chagrin Shale
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2284:Bedford Shale
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2223:
2222:Sunbury Shale
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:Dunkard Group
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2040:Dunkard Group
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2004:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1464:Bedford Shale
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1416:
1415:Sunbury Shale
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1324:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1278:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1151:
1149:9780813722566
1145:
1141:
1140:
1134:
1119:
1114:
1099:
1094:
1079:
1074:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1015:
1014:
993:
987:
980:
975:
968:
963:
955:
951:
944:
936:
935:
927:
911:
907:
903:
896:
885:
878:
867:
860:
853:
848:
841:
836:
830:, p. 34.
829:
824:
818:, p. J7.
817:
812:
806:, p. 98.
805:
800:
798:
791:, p. 95.
790:
785:
779:, p. G1.
778:
773:
762:
755:
748:
743:
741:
739:
731:
726:
718:
717:
709:
702:
697:
690:
685:
678:
673:
666:
661:
659:
652:, p. 97.
651:
646:
644:
642:
634:
629:
627:
620:, p. 71.
619:
614:
610:
600:
597:
596:
583:
578:
571:
566:
559:
554:
553:
552:
550:
546:
542:
532:
530:
520:
506:
504:
500:
496:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
465:
460:
451:
449:
445:
444:
439:
438:
433:
432:
427:
417:
413:
411:
410:Kinderhookian
407:
406:Mississippian
403:
400:
399:Late Devonian
392:
383:
381:
377:
372:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
351:
350:Waverly Group
347:
343:
342:Sunbury Shale
339:
335:
334:Bedford Shale
331:
327:
323:
319:
310:
301:
299:
295:
291:
290:West Virginia
287:
283:
279:
275:
272:
268:
264:
256:
253:
249:
244:
241:United States
240:
236:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
214:
210:
205:
202:
198:
195:
191:
186:
183:
179:
178:Bedford Shale
176:
172:
169:
168:Sunbury Shale
166:
162:
159:
158:Waverly Group
156:
152:
149:
146:
142:
135:
130:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
56:
48:
44:
40:
36:
31:
19:
6145:Sheinwoodian
6120:Salina Group
6089:Salina Group
6066:Salina Group
5784:
5735:
5657:Serpukhovian
5114:
4996:Medina Group
4906:Salina Group
4862:Salina Group
4831:Salina Group
4791:Salina Group
4474:Burket Shale
4420:Sonyea Group
4116:
4095:Pocono Group
3999:Serpukhovian
3970:"No. 1 Coal"
3929:"No. 2 Coal"
3886:"No. 3 Coal"
3819:"No. 4 Coal"
3806:Clarian Coal
3782:"No. 5 Coal"
3776:"No. 6 Coal"
3719:"No. 7 Coal"
3525:"No. 8 Coal"
3452:"Great Lime"
3247:Tenmile Coal
3237:Dunkard Coal
3217:Nineveh Coal
3134:Pennsylvania
2785:Osgood Shale
2780:Massie Shale
2760:Estill Shale
2680:Salina Group
2662:Salina Group
2644:Salina Group
2373:Angola Shale
2356:Antrim Shale
2337:Burket Shale
2288:
1698:Salina Group
1468:
1459:Antrim Shale
1262:Glacial till
1161:
1138:
1127:February 22,
1125:. Retrieved
1107:February 22,
1105:. Retrieved
1087:February 22,
1085:. Retrieved
1065:. Retrieved
1029:
1025:
1011:Bibliography
998:February 27,
996:. Retrieved
986:
974:
967:Collins 1979
962:
953:
943:
933:
926:
914:. Retrieved
909:
905:
895:
877:
859:
852:Collins 1979
847:
840:De Witt 1970
835:
823:
811:
784:
777:De Witt 1970
772:
754:
725:
715:
708:
701:Collins 1979
696:
689:Collins 1979
684:
677:Collins 1979
672:
635:, p. 1.
613:
538:
525:
492:
480:Centre Block
469:
441:
435:
431:Ctenacanthus
429:
423:
414:
396:
380:Antrim Shale
373:
362:
315:
286:Pennsylvania
266:
262:
261:
246:Type section
224:Pennsylvania
6445:Tremadocian
6384:Darriwilian
6314:Utica Shale
5833:Rhinestreet
5708:Tournaisian
5050:Utica Shale
4286:Huron Shale
4080:Tournaisian
4068:"Big Lime"
3968:Sharon Coal
2318:Huron Shale
2204:Tournaisian
1808:Darriwilian
1248:Pleistocene
1067:February 1,
916:February 1,
535:Oil and gas
499:grindstones
448:brachiopods
446:, and some
369:Berea, Ohio
304:Description
298:Berea, Ohio
255:Berea, Ohio
47:Tournaisian
6680:Categories
6578:Rome Group
6514:Knox Group
6458:Knox Group
6268:Hirnantian
6172:Llandovery
6058:Ludfordian
5986:Lochkovian
5795:Ohio Shale
5611:Bashkirian
5575:Kasimovian
5504:Cisuralian
4962:Llandovery
4823:Ludfordian
4719:Lochkovian
4610:Moorehouse
4265:Ohio Shale
3897:Bashkirian
3536:Kasimovian
3173:Cisuralian
2810:Llandovery
2636:Ludfordian
2547:Lochkovian
2301:Ohio Shale
2122:Kasimovian
2032:Cisuralian
1718:Llandovery
1551:Bell Shale
605:References
503:whetstones
338:Ohio Shale
267:Berea Grit
182:Ohio Shale
6633:Ediacaran
6497:Furongian
6405:Dapingian
6181:Telychian
5772:Famennian
5593:Moscovian
5238:Furongian
4616:Edgecliff
4247:Elk Group
4165:Famennian
3693:Moscovian
2988:Furongian
2276:Famennian
2150:Moscovian
979:Ells 1979
816:Ells 1979
514:Quarrying
495:flagstone
443:Annularia
437:Gonatodus
346:siltstone
274:formation
271:sandstone
251:Named for
201:Siltstone
197:Sandstone
188:Lithology
164:Underlies
148:Formation
53:350
6506:Stage 10
6324:Sandbian
6219:Aeronian
6112:Homerian
6081:Gorstian
5894:Eifelian
5871:Givetian
5810:Frasnian
5557:Gzhelian
5513:Asselian
5272:Series 2
4898:Homerian
4854:Gorstian
4571:Eifelian
4517:Givetian
4350:Frasnian
3339:Gzhelian
2709:Homerian
2654:Gorstian
2441:Eifelian
2397:Givetian
2329:Frasnian
2082:Gzhelian
1763:Sandbian
1515:Givetian
1484:Frasnian
1209:Michigan
1062:18500871
1054:17842742
593:See also
509:Industry
336:and the
294:Kentucky
278:Michigan
232:Kentucky
216:Michigan
207:Location
174:Overlies
6103:Wenlock
6021:Pridoli
5968:Pragian
5281:Stage 4
4889:Wenlock
4770:Pridoli
4701:Pragian
2700:Wenlock
2611:Pridoli
2417:(lower)
2344:(upper)
1034:Bibcode
1026:Science
549:Saginaw
420:Fossils
316:In the
269:, is a
238:Country
193:Primary
154:Unit of
122:↓
6375:Middle
6291:Katian
6049:Ludlow
5945:Emsian
5862:Middle
5690:Viséan
5437:Eocene
5125:Middle
4814:Ludlow
4665:Emsian
4613:Nedrow
4607:Seneca
4508:Middle
4058:Viséan
2937:Middle
2627:Ludlow
2521:Emsian
2388:Middle
2186:Viséan
1799:Middle
1635:indet.
1506:Middle
1451:indet.
1370:indet.
1301:indet.
1257:indet.
1146:
1060:
1052:
402:period
292:, and
212:Region
6436:Lower
6259:Upper
5936:Lower
5763:Upper
5171:Lower
5032:Upper
4656:Lower
4156:Upper
2859:Upper
2512:Lower
2267:Upper
1847:Lower
1754:Upper
1606:Lower
1442:Upper
1121:(PDF)
1101:(PDF)
1081:(PDF)
1058:S2CID
1022:(PDF)
887:(PDF)
869:(PDF)
764:(PDF)
1993:Ohio
1144:ISBN
1129:2018
1109:2018
1089:2018
1069:2018
1050:PMID
1000:2018
934:Ohio
918:2018
501:and
462:The
454:Uses
434:and
282:Ohio
220:Ohio
180:and
144:Type
61:PreꞒ
5394:of
3132:of
1991:of
1207:of
1042:doi
1030:119
912:(1)
6682::
6606:pЄ
5485:Pz
5458:Mz
5427:Pe
5416:Cz
5405:Ph
5344:pЄ
4679:,
4675:,
4476:/
4447:/
3154:Pz
3143:Ph
3047:pЄ
2013:Pz
2002:Ph
1911:pЄ
1328:Pz
1282:Mz
1229:Cz
1218:Ph
1056:.
1048:.
1040:.
1028:.
1024:.
952:.
910:28
908:.
904:.
796:^
737:^
657:^
640:^
625:^
505:.
450:.
382:.
360:.
288:,
284:,
280:,
230:,
226:,
222:,
218:,
199:,
111:Pg
55:Ma
41::
6624:Z
6615:♇
6488:Є
6250:O
6012:S
5754:D
5648:M
5548:⁋
5539:C
5495:P
5468:J
5384:e
5377:t
5370:v
5229:Є
5149::
5023:O
4761:S
4147:D
3990:M
3913::
3840::
3709::
3552::
3468::
3405::
3355::
3330:⁋
3321:C
3272::
3189::
3164:P
3122:e
3115:t
3108:v
3065:Z
3056:♇
2979:Є
2850:O
2602:S
2320:)
2258:D
2177:M
2073:⁋
2064:C
2023:P
1981:e
1974:t
1967:v
1920:♇
1867:Є
1745:O
1626:S
1433:D
1388:M
1347:⁋
1338:C
1292:J
1239:Q
1197:e
1190:t
1183:v
1152:.
1131:.
1111:.
1091:.
1071:.
1044::
1036::
1002:.
920:.
116:N
106:K
101:J
96:T
91:P
86:C
81:D
76:S
71:O
66:Ꞓ
50:~
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
