Brussels and the European Union

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road would be reduced from four lanes to two, be returned to two way traffic (rather than all west-bound), and the architects proposed a tram line to run down the centre. A series of high rise buildings would be built on either side with three taller "flagship" high rises at the east end on the north side. Charles Picqué described the towers as "iconic buildings that would be among the highest in Brussels" and that "building higher allows you to turn closed blocks into open spaces." The tallest buildings would be up to 80 metres (260 ft) high, though most between 16 and 55, but the higher the building the further back it would be set from the road. The freed up space (some 180,000 m (1,900,000 sq ft)) would be given over to housing, shops, services and open spaces to give the area a more "human" feel. A sixth European School may also be built. On the western edge of the quarter, on the Small Ring, there would be "gates to Europe" to add visual impact.

700: 1988:), has two main buildings: the Paul-Henri Spaak building and the Altiero Spinelli building, which cover 372,000 m (4,004,175 sq ft). The complex is not the official seat of the Parliament with its work being split with Strasbourg (its official seat) and Luxembourg (its secretariat). However, the decision-making bodies of the Parliament, along with its committees and some of its plenary sessions, are held in Brussels to the extent that three-quarters of its activity take place in the city. The Parliament buildings were extended with the new D4 and D5 buildings being completed and occupied in 2007 and 2008. It is believed the complex now provides enough space for the Parliament with no major new building projects foreseen. 1855: 1995: 2023: 2011: 1871: 1953: 1933: 540: 147: 19: 40: 5016: 966: 1161: 2314: 1779: 1612: 1595: 1217: 2214: 684:. As a capital of a small country, it also could not claim to use the presence of institutions to exert pressure on other member states, it being more of a neutral territory between the major European powers. The committee's report was approved of by the Council, Parliament and Commissions, however, the Council was still unable to achieve a final vote on the issue, and hence put off the issue for a further three years, despite all the institutions now leading in moving to Brussels. 2538: 4554: 1264: 921: 2506: 5944: 5420: 4939: 4891: 1715: 1699: 1692: 1680: 6158: 5494: 5371: 2442: 788: 2157:). Half of civil servants are home owners. The "international community" in Brussels numbers at least 70,000 people. The institutions draw in, directly employed and employed by representatives, 50,000 people to work in the city. A further 20,000 people are working in Brussels due to the presence of the institutions (generating €2 billion a year) and 2000 foreign companies drawn into the city employ 80,000 1708: 1723: 1332: 1318: 1270: 1569: 1562: 1551: 1540: 1525: 1518: 1507: 1499: 1486: 1479: 1457: 1450: 1435: 1418: 1404: 2250: 1392: 1385: 1368: 1361: 1344: 720:

keeping the Court and Parliamentary Assembly, together with a few of the Commission's departments. This was largely welcomed by the member states, but opposed by France, not wishing to see the Parliament leave Strasbourg, and by the Parliament itself, which wished to be with the executives and was further annoyed by the fact that it was not consulted on the matter of its own location.

1311: 1299: 1282: 779:) for some of its part-sessions. This was done unofficially due to the sensitive nature of the Parliament's seat, with the building being constructed as an "international conference centre". When France unsuccessfully challenged the Parliament's half-move to Brussels in the Court of Justice, the Parliament's victory led it to build full facilities in the city. 1250:

buildings of the institutions would not have been built. However, due to Brussels's attempts to consolidate its position, there was large government investment in infrastructure in the quarter. Authorities are keen to stress that the previous chaotic development has ended, being replaced by planned architectural competitions and a master plan (see "

946:). There is also a greater number of press corps in the city with media outlets in every EU member state having a Brussels correspondent and there are 10,000 lobbyists registered. The presence of the EU and the other international bodies has, for example, led to there being more ambassadors and journalists in Brussels than in 1216: 511:. The members agreed in principle to locate the executives, Councils, and the assembly in one city, though could still not decide which city, so they put the decision off for six months. In the meantime, the Assembly would stay in Strasbourg and the new Commissions would meet alternatively at the ECSC seat and at the 4337: 2607:

unionism, while also combining the wishes of the Brussels population to have a degree of independence, as well as those of the Flemish and Walloon populations to having a level of influence over Brussels. The system has been criticised by some but it has also been compared to the EU, as a "laboratory of Europe".

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were legally converted from monolingual Dutch-speaking into bilingual municipalities, joined with the Brussels agglomeration. The suggestive nature of the questions led to massive protests in Flanders (especially around Brussels), causing it to be unlikely to ever hold a language-related census again

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Brussels does not belong to any community, but has a bilingual status, so Brussels' inhabitants may enjoy education, cultural affairs and education organised by the Flemish and/or the French community. This structure is the result of many compromises in the political spectrum going from separatism to

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A pedestrian and visual link would be created between the Berlaymont and Leopold Park by demolishing sections of the ground to fourth floors of the Justus Lipsius, the south "bland" facade of which would be redesigned. Further pedestrian and cycle links would be created around the quarter. Pedestrian

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and the Charlemagne building during the course of its history. The renovation and construction of the new Council building was intended to change the image of the European Quarter, and was designed by the architect Philippe Samyn to be a "feminine" and "jazzy" building to contrast with the hard, more

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centre or poor quality of housing; good communications with other member states' capitals, including to major commercial and maritime markets; vast internal transport links; an important international business centre; plentiful housing for European civil servants; and an open economy. Furthermore, it

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in the west. Siim Kallas stated that the project, which would be put into action over a few a long period rather than all at once, would create a "symbolic area for the EU institutions" giving "body and soul to the European political project" and providing the Commission with extra office space. The

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was seen as an appropriate moment to finally resolve the issue; the separate Commissions and Councils were to be merged. Luxembourg, concerned about losing the High Authority, proposed a split between Brussels and Luxembourg. The Commission and Council were to be located in Brussels, with Luxembourg

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The gradual metamorphosis from residential area to office district started in earnest after the 1958 World Fair with the arrival of the first European civil servants. However, the progressive exodus of the population to the leafy communes and their replacement by commercial company headquarters had

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Originally built with flock asbestos, the building was renovated in the 1990s to remove it and renovate the ageing building to cope with enlargement. After a period of exile in the Breydel building on the Avenue d'Auderghem, the Commission reoccupied the Berlaymont from 2005 and bought the building

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surrounded by poorer districts since the mid-19th century, and that the contrast today is comparable to an Indian city. However, he also said that the city has made progress over the last decade in mixing land uses, bringing in more businesses and residences, and that the institutions are more open

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was maintained with some adjustments; the Commission, with most of its departments, would be in Brussels; as would the Council, except for April, June and October, when it would meet in Luxembourg. In addition, Luxembourg would keep the Court of Justice, some of the Commission's departments and the

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governments concluded an unofficial agreement on the setting-up of community offices. On the principle that it would take two years after a final agreement to prepare the appropriate office space, full services were set up in Brussels in expectation of a report from the Committee of Experts looking

957:. In addition to the 955 journalists accredited to the EU, there are 358 technicians (e.g. cameramen, photographers, producers, etc.) bringing the total number of accreditation badges to 1313. Belgium supplies by far the largest share of technicians with 376, with Germany on 143 and France on 105. 878:

The Commission employs 25,000 people and the Parliament employs about 6,000 people. Because of this concentration, Brussels is a preferred location for any move towards a single seat for Parliament. Despite it not formally being the "capital" of the EU, some commentators see the fact that Brussels

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responsible for the city's external relations, goes as far to say the prosperity of Brussels "is a consequence of the European presence". As well as the institutions themselves, large companies are drawn to the city due to the EU's presence. In total, about 10% of the city has a connection to the

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Historical and residential buildings, although still present, have been largely replaced by modern offices. These buildings were built not according to a high quality master plan or government initiative, but according to speculative private sector construction of office space, without which most

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in Belgium. The result is that the Brussels Region is now a lot smaller than the French-speaking influence around the capital, and that there is very little space left in Brussels for important expansions of its infrastructure. Enlarging the territory of Brussels could potentially give it around

500:(Euratom). These shared the Assembly and Court of the ECSC but created two new sets of Councils and Commissions (equivalent to the ECSC's High Authority). Discussions on the seats of the institutions were left until the last moment before the treaties came into force, so as not to interfere with 1843:

The president of the Commission occupies the largest office, near the Commission's meeting room on the top (13th) floor. Although the main Commission building, it houses only 2,000 out of the 20,000 Commission officials based in Brussels. In addition to the Commissioners and their cabinets, the

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being discovered in the Berlaymont, forcing its evacuation in 1989. The Commission threatened to move out of the city altogether, which would have destroyed Brussels's chances of hosting the Parliament, so the Belgian Government stepped in to build the Breydel building a short distance from the

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The 1965 agreement was a source of contention for the Parliament, which wished to be closer to the other institutions, so it began moving some of its decision-making bodies, committee and political group meetings to Brussels. In 1983, it went further by symbolically holding a plenary session in

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In Brussels, staff continued to be spread across a number of buildings, on the Rue Belliard, the Avenue de la Joyeuse Entrée, the Rue du Marais and at the Mont des Arts. The first purpose-built building was the Berlaymont building in 1958, designed to house 3000 officials, which soon proved too

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Brussels missed out in its bid for a single seat due to a weak campaign from the Belgian Government in negotiations. The government eventually pushed its campaign and started large-scale construction, renting office space in the east of the city for use by the institutions. On 11 February 1958,

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The decision was put off due to the varied national positions preventing a unanimous decision. Luxembourg fought to keep the ECSC or have compensation; France fought for Strasbourg; Italy, initially backing Paris, fought for any Italian city to thwart Luxembourg and Strasbourg. Meanwhile, the

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Brussels is third in the number of international conferences it hosts, also becoming one of the largest convention centres in the world. The total number of journalists accredited to the EU institutions was 955 as of late October 2015. This is marginally higher than 2012, when there were 931

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small, causing the institution to spread out across the neighbourhood. Yet, despite the agreement to host these institutions in Brussels, its formal status was still unclear, and hence the city sought to strengthen its hand with major investment in buildings and infrastructure (including the

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of which sits on top of Brussels-Luxembourg Station). Traffic on the lines is expected to increase creating environmental problems that would be solved by covering the lines. The surface would then be covered by flagstones, in the same manner as the Parliament's esplanade, to create a

2277:, unveiled plans for rebuilding the district. It would involve new buildings (220,000 m (2,368,060 sq ft) of new office space) but also more efficient use of existing space. This is primarily through replacing numerous smaller buildings with fewer, larger, buildings. 2438:. This has reduced price increases but it is still one of the most expensive areas in the city (€295/m, compared to €196/m on average). Neither the Parliament nor the Council have followed suit, however, and the policy of decentralisation is unpopular among the Commission's staff. 1209:

for most of its history, was historically residential, an aspect which was rapidly lost as the institutions moved in, although the change from a residential area to a more office oriented one had already been underway for some time before the arrival of the European institutions.

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Given the delays and cost of the Berlaymont and other projects, the Commissioner emphasised that the new plans would offer "better value for money" and that the designs would be subject to an international architectural competition. He also pushed that controlling the buildings

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The plan was that it would be a "European district" between France and Germany, and institutions would move when the status was agreed. But three years later Saarbrücken voted massively to rejoin West Germany, cancelling the European district plan and maintaining Luxembourg's

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In terms of demographics, 46% of the population of Brussels is from outside Belgium; of this, half is from other EU member states. About 3/5 of European civil servants live in the Brussels-Capital Region with 63% in the municipalities around the European district (24% in the

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Brussels, in the basement of the Mont des Arts Congress Centre. However, the meeting was a fiasco and the poor facilities partly discredited Brussels' aim of being the sole seat of the institutions. Things looked up for Brussels when, in 1985, the Parliament gained its own

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In Brussels, there are 3,500,000 m (38,000,000 sq ft) of occupied office space; half of this is taken up by the EU institutions alone, accounting for a quarter of available office space in the city. The majority of EU office space is concentrated in the

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The concentration of offices in the European Quarter has led to increase real estate prices due to the increased demand and reduced space. In response to this problem, the Commission has, since 2004, begun decentralising across the city to areas such as the

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in 1997, although the Parliament was required to hold some of its sessions, including its budgetary session, in Strasbourg, additional sessions and committees could meet in Brussels. It also reaffirmed the presence of the Commission and Council in the city.

1926:"masculine" architecture of other EU buildings. The building features a "lantern shaped" structure surrounded by a glass atrium made up of recycled windows from across Europe, intended to appear "united from afar but showing their diversity up close." 2345:) would be one of three new pedestrian squares. Schuman would focus on "policy and politics" and Schuman Station itself would be redesigned. Coverings over nearby motorways and railways would be extended to shield them from view. However, the planned 883:

capital of the EU. Brussels is frequently labelled as the "capital" of the EU, particularly in publications by local authorities, the Commission and press. Indeed, Brussels interprets the 1992 agreement on seats as declaring Brussels as the capital.

3816:

Meulders, Raphael (22 June 2010) http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lalibre.be%2Factu%2Finternational%2Farticle%2F591060%2Fbruxelles-est-aussi-devenue-notre-ville.html Brussels has also become our town], La Libre Belgique via Google Translate. Accessed 1 July

895:(Parliament's main seat). Authorities in Strasbourg and organisations based there also refer to Strasbourg as the "capital" of Europe and Brussels, Strasbourg and Luxembourg are also referred to as the joint capitals of Europe. In 2010, then- 106:) and 121,000 jobs (16.7% of the regional employment). The main rationale for Brussels being chosen as "capital of the European Union" was its halfway location between France, Germany and the United Kingdom, the three countries whose rivalry 3053: 2610:

In the hypothetical scenario of a separation of Belgium, the future status of Brussels is unknown. It might become an EU member state, or jointly run by the nations formed from Belgium and the EU itself. The possible status of Brussels as a

5508: 5090: 1870: 732:. Strasbourg would continue to host the Parliament. Joining the Commission was the merged Council's Secretariat. The ECSC's Secretariat merged with the EEC's and EAEC's in the Ravenstein building, which then moved to the 2485:

As for the existing Beaulieu pole, which is to the south east of the European Quarter, there is a proposal to link it with the main quarter by covering the railway lines between Beaulieu and the European Parliament (the

907:

as the 'capital of the free world.' But it seems to me that in this great city, which boasts 1,000 years of history and which serves as the capital of Belgium, the home of the European Union, and the headquarters for

5682: 3054:"Decision taken by Common Agreement between the representatives of the governments of member states on the location of the seats of the institutions and of certain bodies and departments of the European Communities" 3774: 843:

Berlaymont, in only 23 months, ensuring the Commission could move in before the Edinburgh Summit. Shortly after Edinburgh, the Parliament bought its new building in Brussels. With the status of Brussels now clear,

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and the "Europeanisation" of part of the Cinquantenaire complex with a "socio-cultural facility". It is possible that the Council may have to move to this area from the Europa building for security reasons.

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Berlaymont also houses the Commission's Secretariat-General and Legal Service. Across the quarter the Commission occupies 865,000 m (9,310,783 sq ft) in 61 buildings with the Berlaymont and

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Meulders, Raphael (21 June 2010) http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lalibre.be%2Factu%2Finternational%2Farticle%2F590787%2Fbienvenue-a-euroland.html to "Euroland"], La Libre Belgique via Google Translate. Accessed 1 July

1952: 2491:

pedestrian/cyclist path between the two districts. The plan proposes that this "promenade of Europeans" of 3,720 metres (12,200 ft) be divided into areas dedicated to each of the member states.

866:

rotated. From 2004, all Councils were meant to be held in Brussels; however, some extraordinary meetings are still held elsewhere. The reason for the move was in part due to the experience of the

5040: 3267: 2169:. Running costs of the EU institutions total €2 billion a year, half of which benefit Brussels directly, and a further €0.8 billion come from the expenses of diplomats, journalists, etc. 6176: 2262: 5115: 2482:. The city intends to build an international conference centre with 3,500 seats and an "important commercial centre." The Commission will respond to the proposal in the first half of 2009. 672:

was located halfway between France, Germany and the United Kingdom (as in the case of other seats of European institutions), and on the border between the two major European civilisations:

1932: 5151: 6088: 5161: 1854: 5284: 5065: 2192:

having their own society. This is in part down to that many expatriates in Brussels stay for short periods only and do not always learn the local languages (supplanted by English/

6020: 4585: 190: 4905: 5592: 5564: 4927: 3771: 1980:'s buildings are located to the south between Leopold Park and the Place du Luxembourg, over Brussels-Luxembourg Station, which is underground. The complex, known as the " 879:

enticed an increasing number of the Parliament's sessions to the city, in addition to the main seats of the other two main political institutions, as making Brussels the

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has been proposed as one of the new poles by the City of Brussels, which intends to develop the area as an international district regardless. The park, built around the

1994: 3898: 3758: 5582: 5568: 5554: 5030: 6073: 1963: 1918: 5907: 3742: 2455:

Nevertheless, the Commission intends to develop two or three large "poles" outside the quarter, each greater than 100,000 m (1,076,391 sq ft). The

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Parliament passed a series of resolutions complaining about the whole situation of spreading itself across three cities, though unable to do anything about it.

6078: 5105: 5055: 4568: 4363: 1885: 1832:, Jean Gilson, André Polak and Jean Polak and paid for by the Belgian Government (who could occupy it if the Commission left Brussels). It was inspired by the 3392: 928:

Brussels is a centre of political activity with ambassadors to Belgium, NATO and the EU being based in the city. It hosts 120 international institutions, 181

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A Committee of Experts deemed Brussels to be the one option to have all the necessary features for a European capital: a large, active metropolis, without a

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isolated from the rest of the city (though this view is not shared by all). There is also a perceived lack of symbolism, with some such as the architect

5386: 2591:. The regions are mostly responsible for the economy, mobility and other territory-related matters. Belgium is also divided into three communities: the 5120: 5085: 5050: 2130: 1828:, the primary seat of the Commission. It was the first building to be constructed for the Community, originally built in the 1960s. It was designed by 5110: 4573: 3561: 3275: 2583:

Belgium operates a complex federal system and is divided into three regions, with the Brussels-Capital Region being an independent region, alongside

2270: 163: 4138: 2859: 6057: 5666: 5652: 5638: 5624: 5610: 5596: 4920: 3797: 2184:

However, there is considerable division between the two communities, with local Brussels residents feeling excluded from the European Quarter (a "

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of 1992, the EU adopted a final agreement on the location of its institutions. According to this decision, which was subsequently annexed to the

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would be removed, creating a broad boulevard-like extension of the Place du Luxembourg, the second pedestrian square (focusing on citizens).

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Bertha von Suttner – a visionary European. Opening of Bertha von Suttner Building, Committee of the Regions – ECOSOC. Brussels, 8 March 2006

2022: 2010: 5269: 5236: 5214: 1889: 4391: 6015: 5984: 5922: 5518: 5259: 5176: 4913: 130: 1812:

viewing Brussels as a "soft capital"; rather than it being an "imperial city" of an empire, it should reflect the EU's position as the "

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Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture

2946: 2392:(for events and festivities). Wider development may also surround Cinquantenaire Park with plans for a new metro station, underground 903:, while speaking to the European Parliament, said: "As you probably know, some American politicians and American journalists refer to 5734: 5483: 4580: 4355: 3680: 3271: 2141: 203: 156: 4386: 2622:

The boundaries of the Brussels-Capital Region were determined from the 1947 language census' data. This was the last time that some

146: 5937: 5688: 5254: 4516: 4511: 4506: 3422: 6229: 5005: 4541: 4381: 3710: 3141: 2667: 6104: 6005: 5915: 5478: 5274: 5264: 5146: 5035: 3967: 3626: 3460: 1816:" of Europe. Despite this, the plans for redevelopment intend to deal with a certain extent of visual identity in the quarter. 954: 729: 330: 4309: 6224: 5443: 5279: 5184: 4751: 4526: 4299: 3870: 3336: 3306: 1223: 264: 3895: 2353:

routes would also be created for demonstrations. Next to the Parliament at Leopold Park, the block of buildings between the

1836:

headquarters building in Paris, designed as a four-pointed star on supporting columns, and at the time an ambitious design.

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Dotti, 2013 "Update of the Economic Impact of the European and International Institutions on the Brussels-Capital Region.

3235: 3208: 3171: 3128: 2990: 5883: 5742: 5416: 5294: 5075: 5045: 5000: 4373: 3447: 3079: 2652: 1236: 1198: 1167: 896: 279: 49: 4216: 5800: 5249: 4705: 4432: 2662: 2616: 2047: 508: 507:

Brussels waited until only a month before talks to enter its application, which received unofficial backing by several

381: 75: 6239: 6234: 6000: 5767: 5673: 5658: 5644: 5630: 5616: 5602: 5588: 5574: 5560: 5546: 5453: 5438: 5401: 5226: 3654: 2783: 2745: 2691: 431: 284: 4360: 6083: 6052: 6030: 5821: 5693: 4638: 4070: 3916:"Annonce du lauréat de la compétition visant la Définition d'une forme urbaine pour la rue de la Loi et ses abords" 3739: 3400: 2039: 1624: 1099: 497: 4195: 5862: 4741: 4026: 3836: 2643:

onto its territory. A large and independent status may also help Brussels in its claim as the capital of the EU.

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The quarter's land-use is very homogenous and criticised by some, for example the former Commission President,

5938: 5795: 5777: 5156: 4990: 4491: 2657: 2066:, which is next to Leopold Park and used to be occupied by the Parliament. They also use the office building 2055: 1906: 1881: 844: 708: 451: 439: 374: 91: 2619:

as a way of enriching the city. However, the Belgian issue has very little discussion within the EU bodies.

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wanted to. In practice, this was at Val-Duchesse until autumn 1958 when it moved to central Brussels, at 2,

274: 5394: 4746: 4721: 4453: 2628: 2464: 462:), opposed by all the other members, and was unable to formally back Brussels due to internal instability. 240: 185: 3596: 3565: 5826: 5634: 4731: 4145: 4048: 2596: 2565: 2468: 1605: 1016:. The "Eurocap-rail" project plans to improve Brussels' links to the south to Luxembourg and Strasbourg. 493: 180: 175: 5790: 3794: 2113:, which is a non-EU military organisation currently merging into the EU's CFSP, and is headquartered in 5648: 5199: 4643: 4466: 1572: 854:

The Council, which had been expanding into further buildings as it grew, consolidated once more in the

851:, advisory bodies and regional offices started basing themselves in the quarter near the institutions. 512: 465:

Agreement remained elusive and a seat had to be found before the institutions could begin work, hence

5857: 5852: 5719: 5678: 5662: 5620: 5606: 5340: 4679: 4601: 4476: 3370: 2623: 2600: 2342: 1407: 1151: 997: 450:. A number of cities were considered, and Brussels would have been accepted as a compromise, but the 443: 3490: 2775:

Contested Spaces, Common Ground: Space and Power Structures in Contemporary Multireligious Societies

2500: 5523: 4501: 2281: 2059: 661: 350: 259: 6132: 6047: 6035: 4531: 2074: 1959: 1914: 1285: 1147: 855: 673: 4139:"Speech of Vice-President Kallas: Designing for the Future – The Market and the Quality of Life" 4000: 539: 5335: 4977: 4943: 4536: 4425: 3236:"Big Day for Brussels; Common Market Activities Make City The New Capital of European Politics" 2603:. These communities are responsible for language-related matters such as culture or education. 2110: 1913:

have used as their headquarters since the beginning of 2017. Their former home in the adjacent

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on 1 April 1958 (later exclusively used by the Euratom Commission), though with the numbers of

427: 111: 103: 1126:), which is the unofficial name of the area corresponding to the approximate triangle between 515:, in Brussels (headquarters of a temporary committee). The Councils would meet wherever their 6162: 6114: 6109: 5896: 5375: 5095: 4847: 4842: 4792: 4496: 2731: 2098: 1666: 748: 107: 18: 3718: 3396: 5325: 5320: 4867: 4837: 4658: 4461: 4310:

https://dial.uclouvain.be/downloader/downloader.php?pid=boreal:179693&datastream=PDF_01

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should also be based in Brussels, having previously moved between different cities as the

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extending into the latter). The Commission and Council are located on either side of the

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

5330: 4606: 3505:"Everything you wanted to know about the Brussels Press Corps but were afraid to ask |" 3240: 2285: 2193: 2067: 1813: 1800:

proposing that Brussels needs an architectural symbol to represent Europe (akin to the

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Brussels attracts the most journalists in the world (Commission's press room pictured).

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The EESC and CoR building at 99–101 rue Belliardstraat renamed Jacques Delors Building

3145: 39: 5355: 5345: 4648: 4486: 4471: 4418: 4295: 3866: 3332: 3302: 2779: 2741: 2592: 2547: 2346: 2094: 2043: 1808:). Others do not think this is in keeping with the idea of the EU, with the novelist 1335: 1064: 1048: 1044: 1036: 1028: 1020: 1019:

Brussels is the hub of a range of national roads, the main ones being clockwise: the

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Brussels, the capital of Belgium, is considered to be the de facto capital of the EU

2274: 2001: 1981: 1273: 1139: 965: 764: 481:). This agreement was temporary, and plans were set to relocate the institutions to 5785: 5315: 4797: 4633: 2632: 2302: 2118: 1943: 1910: 1829: 1638: 1395: 1180: 1091: 947: 904: 859: 823: 811: 792: 325: 95: 57: 3655:"EUROPA : Home of the European Council and the Council of the EU - Consilium" 2313: 2129:

The EU's presence in Brussels has created significant social and economic impact.

6142: 6040: 5462: 4812: 4367: 4199: 3902: 3801: 3778: 3746: 2994: 2289: 2197: 2166: 2063: 1939: 1902: 1778: 1611: 1598: 1594: 1586: 1321: 1292: 1254:" below). The architect Benoit Moritz has argued that the area has been an elite 1206: 1176: 466: 79: 4242: 1114:

Most of the European Union's Brussels-based institutions are located within its

543:

Aerial view of Brussels' European Quarter, hosting most of the EU's institutions

5943: 5831: 5714: 5709: 5419: 4938: 4895: 4628: 3714: 3245: 3212: 2987: 2515: 2479: 2456: 2449: 2318: 2154: 2150: 2114: 1985: 1631: 1460: 1428: 1131: 756: 489: 485:(Germany), which would serve as a "European District", but this did not occur. 71: 27: 3086: 482: 6218: 6192: 6178: 4684: 4653: 2640: 2636: 2472: 2445: 2326: 2254: 1673: 1172: 1143: 1127: 943: 752: 716: 645: 629: 289: 168: 1009: 102:. In 2013, this presence generated about €250 million (8.3% of the regional 6137: 3627:"Is the EU's new council building a desperate attempt to change its image?" 2158: 1801: 1797: 1789: 1685: 1421: 1304: 1135: 569: 501: 423: 4769: 942:, making it the second centre of diplomatic relations in the world (after 680:; and was at the centre of the first post-war integration experiment: the 4134: 3080:"Evolution of the European Council: The implications of a permanent seat" 2537: 2476: 2280:

In March 2009, a French-Belgian-British team led by the French architect

2266: 2102: 1809: 1371: 977: 411: 4553: 920: 691: 5878: 5473: 4995: 4852: 4832: 4782: 4192: 3268:"Prodi and Verhofstadt present ideas for Brussels as capital of Europe" 2612: 2189: 2181:(15,000 pupils run by 2000 employees) costing €99 million a year. 2174: 1659: 1032: 989: 892: 470: 407: 1848:

buildings the only ones over 50,000 m (538,196 sq ft).

6009: 5836: 4817: 4802: 4787: 2505: 2419: 2196:), remaining in expatriate communities and sending their children to 1805: 1652: 1263: 1103: 1013: 1001: 939: 900: 808: 644:. The Belgian Government further provided newly built offices on the 549: 469:

was chosen as a provisional seat, though with the Common Assembly in

434:(ECSC), and with this new community came the first institutions: the 114: 1714: 1698: 1691: 1679: 5189: 4441: 3355:(in English, French, Dutch, and German). European Commission. 2007. 2737: 2615:" has also been suggested by Charles Picqué, who sees a tax on the 2588: 2584: 2530: 2441: 2393: 1095: 1068: 1056: 993: 848: 839: 787: 459: 66: 23: 5493: 4049:"Bruxelles et l'UE prépare un grand lifting pour la Rue de la Loi" 3425:. Le Pôle européen d'administration publique. 2005. Archived from 1231:

in the European Quarter of Brussels. View facing east towards the

1000:, Brussels is around 1hr 25min from Paris, 1hr 50min from London, 455: 5976: 5970: 5091:

Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union

4959: 4822: 4521: 4171: 2460: 1645: 1255: 1005: 972:

of Europe. Brussels is located between the largest urban centres.

870:

in dealing with protesters and the fixed facilities in Brussels.

751:). However, these initial developments were sporadic with little 681: 534: 83: 61: 4347:: Future plans for the European Quarter, Brussels-Capital Region 4112: 3828: 3144:. Young European Federalists. 18 September 2007. Archived from 1833: 1793: 1707: 1072: 1040: 985: 415: 299: 6021:

Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council

4960:

Table of European Commission Directorates-General and Services

4087:"European Commission buildings policy – questions and answers" 3772:

EU responsible for significant' proportion of Brussels economy

3211:. Brussels-Europe Liaison Office. 6 April 2006. Archived from 3114:

Parker, John (January–February 2007). "A tale of two cities".

2558: Flemish & French Community / bilingual language area 1722: 5965: 4857: 4827: 4807: 2435: 1331: 1317: 1269: 1060: 1052: 1024: 981: 419: 269: 2249: 1568: 1561: 1550: 1539: 1524: 1517: 1506: 1498: 1485: 1478: 1456: 1449: 1434: 1417: 1403: 576:

rapidly expanding, services were set up in buildings on the

4410: 3331:. Brussels, Belgium: Foundation for the Urban Environment. 1391: 1384: 1367: 1360: 1343: 1084: 909: 5725:

Intergroup on long term investment and reindustrialisation

4217:"Brussels after Belgium: fringe town or city state ?" 1310: 1298: 1281: 822:

Shortly before this summit, the Commission moved into the

5265:

Infrastructures and Logistics (Brussels & Luxembourg)

5167:

European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations

4394:, a body charged to promote Brussels as Europe's capital 2329:

parts of the Rue de la Loi next to the Berlaymont. A new

2257:

is set to be rebuilt with taller and more open buildings.

912:, this city has its own legitimate claim to that title." 887:

There are two further cities hosting major institutions,

406:

In 1951, the leaders of six European countries (Belgium,

74:, having a long history of hosting a number of principal 3804:, La Libre Belgique, on PressEurop. Accessed 1 July 2010 3448:

Biden Says Brussels Could Be 'Capital of the Free World'

2284:

won a competition to redesign the Rue de la Loi between

2046:

since 1 December 2010. The EEAS's bodies related to the

1106:(Wallonia), some 50 km (30 mi) from Brussels. 782: 556:

While waiting for the completion of the building on the

98:, as well as a seat (officially the second seat) of the 3597:"EU promises 'facelift' for Brussels' European quarter" 4405: 4172:"EU commission considers major relocation in Brussels" 3973:. European Council of Spatial Planners. Archived from 3968:"The European Quarter today: Assessment and prospects" 3865:. translated by Sarah Strange. Badeaux. pp. 7–8. 3461:"Brussels, an international city and European capital" 2349:

of the Schuman Roundabout was cancelled in late 2014.

2188:

ghetto"). The communities often do not mix much, with

1962:

is still used for low-level meetings and to house the

1917:

is still used for low-level meetings and to house the

131:

Location of European Union institutions § History

3013:"The seats of the institutions of the European Union" 86:

capital but Brussels hosts the official seats of the

5071:

Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs

2073:

Brussels also hosts two additional EU agencies: the

1901:

Across the Rue de la Loi from the Berlaymont is the

1880:, the Commission's second largest building, housing 401: 4330:

Le Plan de Développement International de Bruxelles

4266:"Jean Quatremer: a nation has been born – Flanders" 3896:

Brussels' EU quarter set for 'spectacular' facelift

2854: 2852: 2850: 2467:, has the largest parking facilities in Belgium, a 2091:

Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation

3998: 3326: 2321:would be one of three European pedestrian squares. 3999:Laconte, Pierre; Carola Hein (5 September 2007). 2271:Minister-President of the Brussels-Capital Region 2124: 1864:, primary headquarters of the European Commission 1175:in the European Quarter of Brussels. View of the 6216: 6058:Transport, Telecommunications and Energy Council 4106: 4104: 4081: 4079: 3856: 3854: 3051: 2942: 2940: 2847: 1094:, located in the nearby Flemish municipality of 660:) for the Council of Ministers' Secretariat and 5041:Communications Networks, Content and Technology 4234: 4144:. Architects' Council of Europe. Archived from 3781:, The Parliament Magazine. Accessed 1 July 2010 3591: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3555: 3553: 3483:"Brussels: home to international organisations" 5066:Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Inclusion 4001:"Brussels: Perspectives on a European Capital" 3943:Buildings that speak ‘to Europe and the world' 3829:"Daylight shooting in EU capital raises alarm" 3826: 2692:"Gewest gaat voor nieuwe vlag met hartjeslogo" 2305:would be "an integral part of the programme". 2173:in the city generates 2.2 million annual 535:Installation in Brussels and early development 473:as that was the only city with a large enough 5923: 5402: 4921: 4868:Woluwe-Saint-Lambert / Sint-Lambrechts-Woluwe 4771:Municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region 4426: 4101: 4076: 3851: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3614: 2997:, Brussels-Europe Liaison Office (2008-07-20) 2937: 382: 4210: 4208: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3580: 3550: 3329:Brussels: Perspectives on a European Capital 3045: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2423: 2407: 2381: 2366: 2354: 2330: 2078: 953:reporters, and almost the same as after the 915: 827: 768: 649: 633: 617: 605: 589: 577: 557: 520: 6016:Education, Youth, Culture and Sport Council 4848:Saint-Josse-ten-Noode / Sint-Joost-ten-Node 4793:Berchem-Sainte-Agathe / Sint-Agatha-Berchem 4025:Bavière, Francis Vanden (9 December 2007). 3812: 3810: 3789: 3787: 3704: 3702: 3369:. Strasbourg Tourism Office. Archived from 2860:"Seat of the Council of the European Union" 2429: 2413: 2387: 2372: 2360: 2336: 2084: 1205:. The area, much of which was known as the 933: 833: 774: 692:Merger Treaty: political and town-planning 655: 639: 623: 611: 595: 583: 563: 526: 117:and whose reconciliation paved the way for 5930: 5916: 5409: 5395: 4928: 4914: 4838:Molenbeek-Saint-Jean / Sint-Jans-Molenbeek 4433: 4419: 4294:. S. Strange (trans.). Brussels: Badeaux. 4214: 3992: 3624: 3611: 3475: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3301:. S. Strange (trans.). Brussels: Badeaux. 2004:buildings, housing the European Parliament 389: 375: 5162:International Cooperation and Development 5152:Neighborhood and Enlargement Negotiations 4873:Woluwe-Saint-Pierre / Sint-Pieters-Woluwe 4863:Watermael-Boitsfort / Watermaal-Bosvoorde 4594: 4398:Statistics on the EU presence in Brussels 4205: 3948: 3536:already begun at the dawn of the century. 3166: 3109: 3107: 3000: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2729: 2380:The third pedestrian square would be the 707:(before renovation), headquarters of the 3879: 3807: 3784: 3699: 3681:"The two-seat parliament farce must end" 3678: 3559: 3367:"Strasbourg : the European capital" 3142:"OneSeat.eu: 1 million citizens do care" 3071: 2536: 2504: 2440: 2312: 2248: 2117:, on the north-eastern perimeter of the 1197:The European Parliament is located over 964: 919: 786: 698: 538: 17: 4240: 4215:Van Parijs, Philippe (4 October 2007). 4110: 4024: 3625:Vermeersch, Laurent (30 January 2015). 3453: 3315: 3203: 3201: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2668:Location of European Union institutions 2263:Commissioner for Administrative Affairs 2109:agency covering much of Europe and the 1971: 1819: 976:Brussels is located in one of the most 6217: 6006:Economic and Financial Affairs Council 5147:Service for Foreign Policy Instruments 4163: 4133: 4027:"A peek on the future Schuman Station" 4006:. Foundation for the Urban Environment 3708: 3393:"Alliance Française Strasbourg Europe" 3233: 3172:"My blog: Denmark, Latvia, Strasbourg" 3113: 3104: 2952: 2698:(in Dutch). Brussels. 17 December 2014 858:, and in 2002, it was agreed that the 730:Secretariat of the European Parliament 5911: 5390: 4909: 4768: 4414: 4289: 4018: 3860: 3839:from the original on 13 December 2013 3649: 3647: 3528: 3327:Laconte, Pierre; Carola Hein (2008). 3296: 3052:European Council (12 December 1992). 2308: 2070:. Both buildings were named in 2006. 2033: 1946:and the Council of the European Union 1896: 783:Edinburgh European Council compromise 492:established two new communities: the 4406:Foundation for the Urban Environment 4263: 4127: 4113:"EU quarter in Brussels set to grow" 4111:Vucheva, Elitsa (5 September 2007). 3965: 3709:Rankin, Jennifer (31 October 2007). 3560:Zucchini, Giulio (18 October 2006). 3198: 2972: 2501:Partition of Belgium § Brussels 2207: 4169: 2889:The EIB moved to Luxembourg in 1965 2653:European Institutions in Strasbourg 2494: 2400: 1237:Brussels-Luxembourg railway station 1199:Brussels-Luxembourg railway station 1109: 897:Vice President of the United States 50:flag of the Brussels-Capital Region 13: 5250:European Political Strategy Centre 4527:L'Innovation department store fire 4392:The Brussels-Europe Liaison Office 4243:"Europe diary: The great re-entry" 4241:Mardell, Mark (7 September 2006). 3711:"City bids to shape EU's presence" 3644: 2663:Institutions of the European Union 2200:, rather than local Belgian ones. 2048:Common Security and Defence Policy 1229:Place du Luxembourg/Luxemburgplein 1203:Place du Luxembourg/Luxemburgplein 1012:and the Rhine-Ruhr), and 3hr from 14: 6251: 6001:Agriculture and Fisheries Council 5227:Structural Reform Support Service 5031:Agriculture and Rural Development 4315: 4170:Pop, Valentina (9 January 2009). 3925:(in French). 2009. Archived from 3793:Bocart, Stéphanie (12 June 2010) 3679:Wheatley, Paul (2 October 2006). 3533:. Brussels: Badeaux. p. 72. 3423:"Strasbourg, capitale européenne" 3077: 2965:European Commission publication: 2684: 1824:The most iconic structure is the 553:into the matter of a final seat. 432:European Coal and Steel Community 402:Birth of the European Communities 6156: 6053:Justice and Home Affairs Council 5942: 5492: 5418: 5369: 5014: 4937: 4889: 4552: 4400:, Brussels-Europe Liaison Office 4382:Parliament D4 & D5 buildings 4264:Feki, Donya (29 November 2007). 2730:Cybriwsky, Roman Adrian (2013). 2716:see the references below in the 2212: 2040:European External Action Service 2021: 2009: 1993: 1951: 1931: 1869: 1853: 1777: 1721: 1713: 1706: 1697: 1690: 1678: 1610: 1593: 1567: 1560: 1549: 1538: 1523: 1516: 1505: 1497: 1484: 1477: 1455: 1448: 1433: 1416: 1402: 1390: 1383: 1366: 1359: 1342: 1330: 1316: 1309: 1297: 1280: 1268: 1262: 1259:to "interacting" with the city. 1215: 1159: 1100:Brussels South Charleroi Airport 1075:). The region is skirted by the 960: 891:(judicial and second seats) and 602:Avenue de Tervueren/Tervurenlaan 498:European Atomic Energy Community 454:put all its effort into backing 145: 38: 5863:Model European Union Strasbourg 4701:Brussels and the European Union 4283: 4257: 4186: 4089:. EU Business. 6 September 2007 4063: 4041: 3936: 3908: 3889: 3827:Andrew Rettman (8 March 2010). 3820: 3764: 3752: 3733: 3672: 3541: 3522: 3497: 3465:L'université Libre de Bruxelles 3441: 3415: 3385: 3359: 3345: 3290: 3260: 3227: 3189: 3160: 3134: 3122: 3036: 3027: 2947:Seat of the European Commission 2928: 2919: 2910: 2901: 2892: 2883: 2874: 2838: 2829: 1183:) on the lefthand side and the 1146:at the heart of this area near 1140:European Parliament's hemicycle 6230:Belgium and the European Union 5106:Maritime Affairs and Fisheries 5056:Economic and Financial Affairs 4798:Bruxelles-Ville / Stad Brussel 3274:. 5 April 2007. Archived from 3085:. Dragoman.org. Archived from 2820: 2810: 2801: 2792: 2766: 2757: 2723: 2710: 2125:Demography and economic impact 1792:, for being an administrative 755:and based on speculation (see 1: 5939:Council of the European Union 4374:Visit the European Parliament 4322:European Quarter on Wikimapia 3770:Banks, Martin (29 June 2010) 3234:Gilroy, Harry (2 June 1962). 3209:"Brussels: capital of Europe" 2673: 2658:History of the European Union 2523: Brussels-Capital Region 2244: 2056:Economic and Social Committee 2042:(EEAS) has been based in the 2028:The Altiero Spinelli building 2016:The Paul-Henri Spaak building 1907:Council of the European Union 709:Council of the European Union 92:Council of the European Union 6225:European quarter of Brussels 6204:European Quarter of Brussels 5290:Human Resources and Security 4440: 3683:. Café Babel. Archived from 3599:. EurActiv. 6 September 2007 3564:. Café Babel. Archived from 2629:1.5 million inhabitants 1921:, which has been located in 7: 5806:Joint parliamentary meeting 4351:Google Maps, Robert Schuman 4292:Brussels, capital of Europe 4071:Brussel verruimd de horizon 3863:Brussels, capital of Europe 3547:Demey, 2007: pp. 216–7 3531:Brussels, Capital of Europe 3299:Brussels, capital of Europe 2646: 2389:Esplanade van het Jubelpark 2383:Esplanade du Cinquantenaire 2050:(CSDP) are situated in the 1251: 1090:Brussels is also served by 978:urbanised regions of Europe 765:plenary chamber in the city 570:Rue Belliard/Belliardstraat 559:Avenue de la Joyeuse Entrée 494:European Economic Community 10: 6256: 5444:Committees and Delegations 5121:Taxation and Customs Union 5086:Migration and Home Affairs 5051:Defence Industry and Space 4843:Saint-Gilles / Sint-Gillis 4492:Duchess of Richmond's ball 3562:"Brussels, a soft capital" 2498: 2463:landmark, already hosts a 1984:" (or "Leopoldsruimte" in 1574:Museum of Natural Sciences 1241:Monument to John Cockerill 799:'s headquarters while the 568:, offices moved to 51–53, 128: 124: 6163:European Union portal 6151: 6125: 6097: 6066: 5993: 5952: 5892: 5871: 5858:Model European Parliament 5853:European Youth Parliament 5845: 5814: 5776: 5733: 5720:Paneuropean Working Group 5702: 5537: 5501: 5490: 5431: 5376:European Union portal 5364: 5303: 5235: 5175: 5139: 5111:Regional and Urban Policy 5023: 5012: 4976: 4953: 4885: 4778: 4764: 4714: 4693: 4667: 4619: 4602:Drapery Court of Brussels 4561: 4550: 4452: 4448: 4387:Gallery of the EU Quarter 4366:27 September 2007 at the 4073:. Retrieved on 2007-12-11 3945:, European Voice 12.03.09 3795:Invasion of the Eurocrats 3450:, Fox News (25 May 2010). 2601:German-speaking Community 2576:German-speaking Community 2430: 2424: 2414: 2408: 2388: 2382: 2373: 2367: 2361: 2355: 2343:Robert Schuman Roundabout 2337: 2331: 2221:This section needs to be 2203: 2177:nights. There are thirty 2145:international community. 2085: 2079: 1261: 1152:Robert Schuman Roundabout 916:Lobbyists and journalists 873: 834: 828: 775: 769: 656: 650: 640: 634: 624: 618: 612: 606: 596: 590: 584: 578: 564: 558: 527: 521: 6240:21st century in Brussels 6235:20th century in Brussels 5827:European Citizens' Prize 2678: 2319:Cinquantenaire/Jubelpark 2286:Maalbeek/Maelbeek Garden 2282:Christian de Portzamparc 2261:In September 2007, then- 2060:Committee of the Regions 1337:Triangle building (EEAS) 1191:) on the righthand side. 662:European Investment Bank 6110:Council Working Parties 6048:General Affairs Council 6036:Foreign Affairs Council 6031:Competitiveness Council 5822:Charlemagne Youth Prize 5796:Buttiglione controversy 5260:Data Protection Officer 5116:Research and Innovation 4853:Schaerbeek / Schaarbeek 4532:Heysel Stadium disaster 4290:Demey, Thierry (2007). 4198:14 January 2022 at the 4193:Promenade des Européens 4051:. RTL. 5 September 2007 3861:Demey, Thierry (2007). 3659:www.consilium.europa.eu 3529:Demey, Thierry (2007). 3297:Demey, Thierry (2007). 2541:Communities of Belgium: 2255:Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 2075:European Defence Agency 1960:Justus Lipsius building 1915:Justus Lipsius building 1840:for €550 million. 1148:Schuman railway station 856:Justus Lipsius building 646:Mont des Arts/Kunstberg 630:Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 574:European civil servants 513:Château of Val-Duchesse 138:Politics and government 5270:Internal Audit Service 5126:Mobility and Transport 5081:Health and Food Safety 5006:Civil Service Tribunal 4706:Science and technology 4644:North–South connection 4361:Brussels International 2580: 2578:/ German language area 2568:/ French language area 2534: 2452: 2322: 2258: 2111:Western European Union 1890:Internal Audit Service 1123: 1119: 1087:leads away to the SE. 973: 938:) and more than 2,500 934: 925: 804: 712: 550:the six member states' 544: 31: 5897:European Union Portal 5101:Justice and Consumers 5096:Joint Research Centre 5061:Education and Culture 4944:Administration of the 4497:Covering of the Senne 3901:12 March 2009 at the 2993:12 March 2008 at the 2550:/ Dutch language area 2540: 2508: 2457:Heysel/Heizel Plateau 2450:Heysel/Heizel Plateau 2444: 2316: 2269:, together with then- 2252: 2179:international schools 2099:Saint-Josse-ten-Noode 1964:Council's Secretariat 1923:Brussels' city centre 1919:Council's Secretariat 1773: Pedestrian Area 1705:Chaussée d'Etterbeek 1187:(headquarters of the 1098:, and by the smaller 968: 923: 790: 711:between 1971 and 1995 702: 591:Avenue de Broqueville 542: 477:(the one used by the 129:Further information: 21: 6089:Directorates-general 5768:Luxembourg buildings 5529:Reform working group 5513:National parliaments 5326:Convent Van Maerlant 4986:Directorates-General 4788:Auderghem / Oudergem 4338:bruxelles.irisnet.be 3800:27 June 2010 at the 3777:23 July 2010 at the 3493:on 15 February 2006. 3129:Parliament's website 2988:The European Quarter 2325:There were plans to 2142:Brussels' Parliament 2062:together occupy the 1972:Parliament buildings 1878:Charlemagne building 1820:Commission buildings 1504:Square Marie Louise 1380:Convent Van Maerlant 1239:'s entrance and the 1235:, including the old 734:Charlemagne building 705:Charlemagne building 635:Avenue de Kortenberg 440:Council of Ministers 430:, which created the 119:European integration 64:) is considered the 6188: / 6074:General Secretariat 6026:Environment Council 5801:European Convention 5425:European Parliament 5222:Europe by Satellite 5210:Secretariat-General 4968:Directorate-General 4947:European Commission 3745:28 May 2008 at the 3373:on 3 September 2009 3278:on 3 September 2009 3176:European Commission 3058:European Parliament 3033:Demey, 2007: 209–10 2778:. 11 October 2016. 2509:Regions of Belgium: 2292:in the east to the 2107:air traffic control 2052:Kortenberg building 1978:European Parliament 1862:Berlaymont building 1826:Berlaymont building 1607:Brussels-Luxembourg 1233:European Parliament 1189:European Commission 1185:Berlaymont building 1132:Cinquantenaire Park 1047:(SE to Luxembourg) 996:(Netherlands). Via 992:(Germany), and the 955:enlargement of 2004 816:Treaty of Amsterdam 797:European Commission 738:Berlaymont building 100:European Parliament 88:European Commission 26:in Belgium and the 6098:Preparatory bodies 5884:State of the Union 5791:Budget controversy 4896:Belgium portal 4607:Guilds of Brussels 4574:Minister-President 4356:Map of the EU area 4345:brussel.irisnet.be 4151:on 7 February 2009 3721:on 16 January 2009 3403:on 5 December 2009 3397:Alliance française 3353:Europe in Brussels 3241:The New York Times 3148:on 14 January 2022 3131:europarl.europa.eu 3078:Stark, Christine. 3042:Demey, 2007: 211–2 2967:Europe in Brussels 2925:Demey, 2007: 205–6 2907:Demey, 2007: 196–8 2880:Demey, 2007: 190–3 2844:Demey, 2007: 187–8 2826:Demey, 2007: 178–9 2798:Demey, 2007: 175–6 2581: 2535: 2453: 2409:Avenue de Beaulieu 2323: 2309:Pedestrian squares 2259: 2068:Bertha von Suttner 2034:Other institutions 1897:Councils buildings 1702:Avenue Cortenbergh 1077:European route E19 974: 970:Population density 926: 838:. This was due to 829:Avenue d'Auderghem 805: 713: 597:De Broquevillelaan 565:Blijde Inkomstlaan 545: 452:Belgian Government 164:Minister-President 32: 6171: 6170: 6079:Secretary-General 5905: 5904: 5384: 5383: 5356:Triangle building 5346:Madou Plaza Tower 5237:Internal Services 5215:Secretary-General 4903: 4902: 4881: 4880: 4760: 4759: 4752:Parks and gardens 4639:Charleroi Airport 4615: 4614: 4454:Historical events 4301:978-2-9600414-2-2 4137:(10 April 2008). 3966:Clerbaux, Bruno. 3932:on 27 March 2009. 3872:978-2-9600414-2-2 3568:on 8 January 2009 3471:on 3 August 2010. 3338:978-2-9600650-0-8 3308:978-2-9600414-2-2 3168:Wallström, Margot 2696:brusselsnieuws.be 2593:Flemish Community 2548:Flemish Community 2473:exhibition centre 2347:pedestrianisation 2242: 2241: 2101:). There is also 2095:Madou Plaza Tower 2086:Lakenweversstraat 2044:Triangle building 1765: Green Space 1718:Rue du Luxembourg 1120:Quartier Européen 1083:(E-W), while the 998:high speed trains 479:Council of Europe 399: 398: 6247: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6200: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6186: 6185: 6184: 6181: 6161: 6160: 6159: 5947: 5946: 5932: 5925: 5918: 5909: 5908: 5496: 5423: 5422: 5411: 5404: 5397: 5388: 5387: 5374: 5373: 5372: 5255:Digital Services 5177:General Services 5018: 4963: 4942: 4941: 4930: 4923: 4916: 4907: 4906: 4894: 4893: 4892: 4823:Ixelles / Elsene 4766: 4765: 4737:Railway stations 4634:Brussels Airport 4592: 4591: 4577: 4556: 4545: 4482:1695 bombardment 4450: 4449: 4435: 4428: 4421: 4412: 4411: 4380: 4370:Brussels Tourism 4343: 4336: 4328: 4305: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4261: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4221: 4212: 4203: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4167: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4150: 4143: 4131: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4108: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4083: 4074: 4069:Brussel Nieuws. 4067: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4005: 3996: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3979: 3972: 3963: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3923:Charlespicque.be 3920: 3912: 3906: 3893: 3887: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3858: 3849: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3824: 3818: 3814: 3805: 3791: 3782: 3768: 3762: 3756: 3750: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3717:. Archived from 3706: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3676: 3670: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3651: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3622: 3609: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3593: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3557: 3548: 3545: 3539: 3538: 3526: 3520: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3501: 3495: 3494: 3489:. Archived from 3479: 3473: 3472: 3467:. Archived from 3457: 3451: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3399:. Archived from 3389: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3349: 3343: 3342: 3324: 3313: 3312: 3294: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3264: 3258: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3244:. Archived from 3231: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3205: 3196: 3193: 3187: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3164: 3158: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3111: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3091: 3084: 3075: 3069: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3049: 3043: 3040: 3034: 3031: 3025: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3009: 2998: 2985: 2970: 2963: 2950: 2944: 2935: 2934:Demey, 2007: 207 2932: 2926: 2923: 2917: 2916:Demey, 2007: 199 2914: 2908: 2905: 2899: 2898:Demey, 2007: 193 2896: 2890: 2887: 2881: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2856: 2845: 2842: 2836: 2835:Demey, 2007: 187 2833: 2827: 2824: 2818: 2814: 2808: 2807:Demey, 2007: 177 2805: 2799: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2770: 2764: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2727: 2721: 2714: 2708: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2688: 2639:, and bring the 2597:French Community 2573: 2566:French Community 2563: 2557: 2556: 2545: 2528: 2522: 2513: 2495:Political status 2446:Centenary Palace 2433: 2432: 2427: 2426: 2417: 2416: 2411: 2410: 2401:Further quarters 2391: 2390: 2385: 2384: 2376: 2375: 2370: 2369: 2364: 2363: 2358: 2357: 2340: 2339: 2334: 2333: 2303:carbon footprint 2290:Résidence Palace 2237: 2234: 2228: 2216: 2215: 2208: 2198:European Schools 2171:Business tourism 2140:, member of the 2139: 2131:Jean-Luc Vanraes 2119:City of Brussels 2088: 2087: 2082: 2081: 2080:Rue des Drapiers 2077:(located on the 2025: 2013: 1997: 1955: 1944:European Council 1935: 1911:European Council 1873: 1857: 1830:Lucien De Vestel 1784: 1781: 1772: 1764: 1756: 1748: 1741: Parliament 1740: 1733: Commission 1732: 1725: 1717: 1710: 1701: 1694: 1688: 1682: 1676: 1669: 1662: 1655: 1648: 1641: 1634: 1627: 1620: 1614: 1608: 1601: 1597: 1589: 1582: 1575: 1571: 1564: 1553: 1542: 1527: 1520: 1509: 1501: 1495: 1488: 1481: 1474: 1465: 1459: 1452: 1445: 1437: 1431: 1424: 1420: 1412: 1406: 1398: 1397:Breydel building 1394: 1387: 1381: 1374: 1370: 1363: 1357: 1350: 1346: 1338: 1334: 1326: 1320: 1313: 1307: 1301: 1295: 1288: 1284: 1276: 1272: 1266: 1219: 1181:European Council 1163: 1116:European Quarter 1110:European Quarter 1092:Brussels Airport 1071:) and N9 (NW to 948:Washington, D.C. 937: 905:Washington, D.C. 860:European Council 837: 836: 831: 830: 824:Breydel building 812:European Council 807:In response the 793:Breydel building 778: 777: 772: 771: 659: 658: 653: 652: 643: 642: 637: 636: 627: 626: 621: 620: 615: 614: 609: 608: 599: 598: 593: 592: 587: 586: 581: 580: 567: 566: 561: 560: 530: 529: 528:Ravensteinstraat 524: 523: 444:Court of Justice 391: 384: 377: 351:BHV constituency 326:City of Brussels 149: 135: 134: 110:in starting the 96:European Council 82:. The EU has no 80:European Quarter 42: 22:The location of 6255: 6254: 6250: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6245: 6244: 6215: 6214: 6203: 6201: 6197: 6195: 6191: 6190: 6187: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6167: 6157: 6155: 6147: 6121: 6093: 6062: 6041:Gymnich meeting 5989: 5948: 5941: 5936: 5906: 5901: 5888: 5867: 5841: 5810: 5772: 5729: 5698: 5533: 5497: 5488: 5484:Vice-Presidents 5463:Roberta Metsola 5427: 5417: 5415: 5385: 5380: 5370: 5368: 5360: 5299: 5231: 5171: 5135: 5019: 5010: 4972: 4957: 4949: 4936: 4934: 4904: 4899: 4890: 4888: 4877: 4774: 4756: 4722:Notable persons 4710: 4689: 4663: 4611: 4590: 4571: 4557: 4548: 4539: 4472:Massacre (1370) 4444: 4439: 4378: 4368:Wayback Machine 4341: 4334: 4326: 4318: 4302: 4286: 4281: 4271: 4269: 4262: 4258: 4248: 4246: 4239: 4235: 4225: 4223: 4219: 4213: 4206: 4200:Wayback Machine 4191: 4187: 4177: 4175: 4168: 4164: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4141: 4132: 4128: 4118: 4116: 4109: 4102: 4092: 4090: 4085: 4084: 4077: 4068: 4064: 4054: 4052: 4047: 4046: 4042: 4032: 4030: 4023: 4019: 4009: 4007: 4003: 3997: 3993: 3983: 3981: 3980:on 9 April 2008 3977: 3970: 3964: 3949: 3941: 3937: 3929: 3918: 3914: 3913: 3909: 3903:Wayback Machine 3894: 3890: 3884: 3880: 3873: 3859: 3852: 3842: 3840: 3825: 3821: 3815: 3808: 3802:Wayback Machine 3792: 3785: 3779:Wayback Machine 3769: 3765: 3757: 3753: 3747:Wayback Machine 3738: 3734: 3724: 3722: 3707: 3700: 3690: 3688: 3687:on 10 June 2007 3677: 3673: 3663: 3661: 3653: 3652: 3645: 3635: 3633: 3623: 3612: 3602: 3600: 3595: 3594: 3581: 3571: 3569: 3558: 3551: 3546: 3542: 3527: 3523: 3513: 3511: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3481: 3480: 3476: 3459: 3458: 3454: 3446: 3442: 3432: 3430: 3421: 3420: 3416: 3406: 3404: 3391: 3390: 3386: 3376: 3374: 3365: 3364: 3360: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3339: 3325: 3316: 3309: 3295: 3291: 3281: 3279: 3266: 3265: 3261: 3251: 3249: 3232: 3228: 3218: 3216: 3207: 3206: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3180: 3178: 3170:(24 May 2006). 3165: 3161: 3151: 3149: 3140: 3139: 3135: 3127: 3123: 3112: 3105: 3095: 3093: 3089: 3082: 3076: 3072: 3062: 3060: 3050: 3046: 3041: 3037: 3032: 3028: 3018: 3016: 3011: 3010: 3001: 2995:Wayback Machine 2986: 2973: 2964: 2953: 2949:on CVCE website 2945: 2938: 2933: 2929: 2924: 2920: 2915: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2893: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2865: 2863: 2858: 2857: 2848: 2843: 2839: 2834: 2830: 2825: 2821: 2815: 2811: 2806: 2802: 2797: 2793: 2786: 2772: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2758: 2748: 2728: 2724: 2715: 2711: 2701: 2699: 2690: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2649: 2617:EU institutions 2579: 2571: 2569: 2561: 2559: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2543: 2533: 2526: 2524: 2520: 2518: 2511: 2503: 2497: 2465:European School 2403: 2341:(currently the 2311: 2247: 2238: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2217: 2213: 2206: 2167:Leopold Quarter 2153:and 11% in the 2133: 2127: 2064:Delors building 2036: 2029: 2026: 2017: 2014: 2005: 1998: 1974: 1967: 1956: 1947: 1940:Europa building 1936: 1903:Europa building 1899: 1892: 1874: 1865: 1858: 1822: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1775: 1774: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1730: 1727: 1719: 1711: 1703: 1695: 1686: 1683: 1674: 1671: 1667: 1664: 1660: 1657: 1653: 1650: 1646: 1643: 1639: 1636: 1632: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1618: 1615: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1591: 1587: 1584: 1580: 1577: 1573: 1565: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1521: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1502: 1493: 1490: 1482: 1476: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1461: 1453: 1447: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1429: 1426: 1422: 1414: 1410: 1408: 1400: 1396: 1388: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1364: 1355: 1352: 1348: 1340: 1336: 1328: 1324: 1322: 1314: 1305: 1302: 1294:Europa building 1293: 1290: 1286: 1278: 1274: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1244: 1225: 1220: 1207:Leopold Quarter 1195: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1177:Europa building 1169: 1164: 1112: 1102:, located near 1008:(with adjacent 963: 918: 876: 864:EU's Presidency 785: 697: 625:Jozef II-straat 537: 448:Common Assembly 428:Treaty of Paris 404: 395: 366: 365: 346: 338: 337: 321: 311: 310: 309: 254: 246: 245: 206: 196: 195: 159: 139: 133: 127: 76:EU institutions 70:capital of the 55: 54: 53: 52: 45: 44: 43: 12: 11: 5: 6253: 6243: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6193:50.84°N 4.38°E 6169: 6168: 6166: 6165: 6152: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6133:Justus Lipsius 6129: 6127: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6119: 6118: 6117: 6107: 6101: 6099: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6070: 6068: 6067:Administration 6064: 6063: 6061: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6044: 6043: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6003: 5997: 5995: 5994:Configurations 5991: 5990: 5988: 5987: 5982: 5981: 5980: 5973: 5968: 5964:current trio: 5956: 5954: 5950: 5949: 5935: 5934: 5927: 5920: 5912: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5899: 5893: 5890: 5889: 5887: 5886: 5881: 5875: 5873: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5849: 5847: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5839: 5834: 5832:Sakharov Prize 5829: 5824: 5818: 5816: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5782: 5780: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5770: 5765: 5759: 5750: 5739: 5737: 5731: 5730: 5728: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5715:Spinelli Group 5712: 5710:Crocodile Club 5706: 5704: 5700: 5699: 5697: 5696: 5694:Constituencies 5691: 5686: 5670: 5656: 5642: 5628: 5614: 5600: 5586: 5572: 5558: 5543: 5541: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5505: 5503: 5499: 5498: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5435: 5433: 5429: 5428: 5414: 5413: 5406: 5399: 5391: 5382: 5381: 5379: 5378: 5365: 5362: 5361: 5359: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5307: 5305: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5275:Interpretation 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5241: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5218: 5217: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5181: 5179: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5143: 5141: 5137: 5136: 5134: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5036:Climate Action 5033: 5027: 5025: 5021: 5020: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4982: 4980: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4970: 4964: 4954: 4951: 4950: 4933: 4932: 4925: 4918: 4910: 4901: 4900: 4886: 4883: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4813:Forest / Vorst 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4779: 4776: 4775: 4762: 4761: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4742:Metro stations 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4718: 4716: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4708: 4703: 4697: 4695: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4671: 4669: 4665: 4664: 4662: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4625: 4623: 4617: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4598: 4596: 4589: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4565: 4563: 4562:Administration 4559: 4558: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4546: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4467:Fortifications 4464: 4458: 4456: 4446: 4445: 4438: 4437: 4430: 4423: 4415: 4409: 4408: 4403: 4402: 4401: 4389: 4384: 4376: 4371: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4332: 4324: 4317: 4316:External links 4314: 4313: 4312: 4306: 4300: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4279: 4256: 4233: 4222:. The Bulletin 4204: 4185: 4162: 4126: 4100: 4075: 4062: 4040: 4017: 3991: 3947: 3935: 3907: 3888: 3878: 3871: 3850: 3833:euobserver.com 3819: 3806: 3783: 3763: 3751: 3732: 3715:European Voice 3698: 3671: 3643: 3610: 3579: 3549: 3540: 3521: 3509:cleareurope.eu 3496: 3474: 3452: 3440: 3429:on 12 May 2009 3414: 3384: 3358: 3344: 3337: 3314: 3307: 3289: 3259: 3248:on 5 July 2009 3226: 3215:on 5 July 2009 3197: 3188: 3159: 3133: 3121: 3103: 3092:on 9 July 2007 3070: 3044: 3035: 3026: 2999: 2971: 2951: 2936: 2927: 2918: 2909: 2900: 2891: 2882: 2873: 2846: 2837: 2828: 2819: 2809: 2800: 2791: 2784: 2765: 2756: 2746: 2722: 2709: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2671: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2648: 2645: 2624:municipalities 2570: 2560: 2552: 2542: 2531:Walloon Region 2525: 2519: 2516:Flemish Region 2510: 2496: 2493: 2480:miniature park 2402: 2399: 2310: 2307: 2275:Charles Picqué 2246: 2243: 2240: 2239: 2220: 2218: 2211: 2205: 2202: 2155:Walloon Region 2151:Flemish Region 2126: 2123: 2035: 2032: 2031: 2030: 2027: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2008: 2006: 2002:Espace Léopold 1999: 1992: 1982:Espace Léopold 1973: 1970: 1969: 1968: 1957: 1950: 1948: 1942:, seat of the 1937: 1930: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1893: 1875: 1868: 1866: 1859: 1852: 1821: 1818: 1776: 1769: 1768: 1761: 1760: 1753: 1752: 1745: 1744: 1737: 1736: 1729: 1728: 1720: 1712: 1704: 1696: 1684: 1672: 1665: 1658: 1651: 1644: 1637: 1630: 1623: 1616: 1604: 1592: 1585: 1578: 1566: 1555: 1544: 1533: 1522: 1511: 1503: 1491: 1483: 1468: 1454: 1439: 1430:Cinquantenaire 1427: 1415: 1401: 1389: 1377: 1365: 1353: 1341: 1329: 1315: 1303: 1291: 1287:Justus Lipsius 1279: 1275:Espace Léopold 1267: 1226: 1222: 1221: 1214: 1213: 1212: 1201:, next to the 1170: 1166: 1165: 1158: 1157: 1156: 1111: 1108: 1079:(N-S) and the 962: 959: 917: 914: 875: 872: 868:Belgian police 803:was renovated. 795:served as the 784: 781: 757:Brusselisation 736:, next to the 696: 690: 657:Stuiversstraat 641:Kortenberglaan 536: 533: 522:Rue Ravenstein 496:(EEC) and the 490:Treaty of Rome 436:High Authority 403: 400: 397: 396: 394: 393: 386: 379: 371: 368: 367: 364: 363: 358: 353: 347: 344: 343: 340: 339: 336: 335: 334: 333: 322: 319:Municipalities 317: 316: 313: 312: 308: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 267: 262: 256: 255: 252: 251: 248: 247: 244: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 218: 213: 207: 202: 201: 198: 197: 194: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 172: 171: 160: 155: 154: 151: 150: 142: 141: 126: 123: 72:European Union 47: 46: 37: 36: 35: 34: 33: 28:European Union 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6252: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6222: 6220: 6213: 6210: 6164: 6154: 6153: 6150: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6124: 6116: 6113: 6112: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6096: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6065: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6011: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5992: 5986: 5983: 5979: 5978: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5963: 5962: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5951: 5945: 5940: 5933: 5928: 5926: 5921: 5919: 5914: 5913: 5910: 5898: 5895: 5894: 5891: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5874: 5870: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5844: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5813: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5775: 5769: 5766: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5754: 5751: 5748: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5732: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5701: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5689:Apportionment 5687: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5675: 5671: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5657: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5643: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5629: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5615: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5601: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5587: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5573: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5559: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5536: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5514: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5500: 5495: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5464: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5436: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5421: 5412: 5407: 5405: 5400: 5398: 5393: 5392: 5389: 5377: 5367: 5366: 5363: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5336:Jean Monnet 2 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5302: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5280:Legal Service 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5234: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5216: 5213: 5212: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5185:Communication 5183: 5182: 5180: 5178: 5174: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5138: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5022: 5017: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4978:Civil Service 4975: 4969: 4965: 4962: 4961: 4956: 4955: 4952: 4948: 4945: 4940: 4931: 4926: 4924: 4919: 4917: 4912: 4911: 4908: 4898: 4897: 4884: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4858:Uccle / Ukkel 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4780: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4763: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4713: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4692: 4686: 4685:Iris Festival 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4666: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4654:Brussels Ring 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4618: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4593: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4575: 4570: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4560: 4555: 4543: 4538: 4537:2016 bombings 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 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Retrieved 4268:. Café Babel 4259: 4247:. Retrieved 4236: 4224:. Retrieved 4188: 4176:. Retrieved 4165: 4153:. Retrieved 4146:the original 4135:Kallas, Siim 4129: 4119:27 September 4117:. Retrieved 4093:27 September 4091:. Retrieved 4065: 4053:. Retrieved 4043: 4031:. Retrieved 4020: 4008:. Retrieved 3994: 3982:. Retrieved 3975:the original 3938: 3927:the original 3922: 3910: 3891: 3881: 3862: 3841:. Retrieved 3832: 3822: 3766: 3754: 3735: 3723:. Retrieved 3719:the original 3689:. Retrieved 3685:the original 3674: 3662:. Retrieved 3658: 3634:. Retrieved 3631:The Guardian 3630: 3601:. Retrieved 3570:. Retrieved 3566:the original 3543: 3534: 3530: 3524: 3514:29 September 3512:. Retrieved 3508: 3499: 3491:the original 3486: 3477: 3469:the original 3464: 3455: 3443: 3431:. Retrieved 3427:the original 3417: 3405:. Retrieved 3401:the original 3387: 3375:. Retrieved 3371:the original 3361: 3352: 3347: 3328: 3298: 3292: 3280:. Retrieved 3276:the original 3262: 3250:. 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BBC News 4178:28 January 4155:28 January 4033:9 December 4029:. iFrancis 4010:2 December 3984:9 December 3725:2 December 2674:References 2613:city state 2499:See also: 2294:Small Ring 2245:Rebuilding 2175:hotel room 2089:) and the 1536:Marguerite 1514:Palmerston 1444:Luxembourg 1411:Roundabout 1349:Berlaymont 1138:(with the 1033:Maastricht 1010:Düsseldorf 990:Rhine-Ruhr 980:, between 893:Strasbourg 889:Luxembourg 801:Berlaymont 770:Rue Wiertz 725:status quo 694:status quo 517:Presidents 471:Strasbourg 467:Luxembourg 408:Luxembourg 204:Parliament 186:Flemish CC 157:Government 115:World Wars 6126:Buildings 6010:Eurogroup 5953:Operation 5837:Lux Prize 5762:Esplanade 5757:Buildings 5747:Buildings 5539:Elections 5459:President 5331:Euroforum 5304:Buildings 4818:Ganshoren 4803:Etterbeek 4773:, Belgium 4727:Buildings 4621:Transport 4542:reactions 4522:Expo 1958 4517:Expo 1935 4512:Expo 1910 4507:Expo 1897 4202:, EuroBru 4055:23 August 3761:europa.eu 3749:europa.eu 2817:position. 2702:1 January 2488:esplanade 2420:Auderghem 1806:Colosseum 1545:Square du 1471:Jardin du 1243:in front. 1122:; Dutch: 1118:(French: 1104:Charleroi 1014:Frankfurt 1002:Amsterdam 940:diplomats 930:embassies 901:Joe Biden 849:lobbyists 826:, at 45, 809:Edinburgh 715:The 1965 669:congested 488:The 1957 475:hemicycle 361:Periphery 181:French CC 176:Common CC 5753:Brussels 5502:Politics 5469:Quaestor 5351:Missions 5190:Eurostat 4991:Cabinets 4586:Governor 4462:Timeline 4442:Brussels 4364:Archived 4249:31 March 4196:Archived 3899:Archived 3837:Archived 3798:Archived 3775:Archived 3743:Archived 3019:19 April 2991:Archived 2866:19 April 2738:ABC-CLIO 2647:See also 2599:and the 2589:Wallonia 2585:Flanders 2475:and the 2422:and the 2394:car park 2365:and the 2288:and the 2233:May 2017 2161:locals. 2058:and the 1909:and the 1888:and the 1886:DG ECFIN 1882:DG TRADE 1626:Arts-Loi 1581:Maelbeek 1558:de Meeûs 1531:Ambiorix 1473:Maelbeek 1464:Jean Rey 1442:Place du 1150:and the 1096:Zaventem 1069:Koksijde 1057:Maubeuge 994:Randstad 881:de facto 840:asbestos 767:(on the 678:Germanic 632:and the 460:Wallonia 295:CD&V 241:Building 191:Governor 84:official 67:de facto 58:Brussels 24:Brussels 6180:50°50′N 6105:COREPER 5977:Hungary 5971:Belgium 5786:Assizes 5778:History 5683:members 5679:session 5667:members 5663:session 5653:members 5649:session 5639:members 5635:session 5625:members 5621:session 5611:members 5607:session 5597:members 5593:session 5583:members 5579:session 5569:members 5565:session 5555:members 5551:session 5524:Parties 5316:Breydel 4747:Schools 4732:Museums 4675:Symbols 4668:Symbols 3843:29 June 3691:16 July 3433:27 July 3407:27 July 3377:27 July 3282:27 July 3272:Euractv 3252:27 July 3219:27 July 3181:12 June 3152:16 July 3116:E!Sharp 3096:12 July 3063:18 July 2720:section 2633:airport 2574: 2564: 2546: 2529: 2514: 2461:Atomium 2448:on the 2223:updated 2194:Globish 1600:Schuman 1588:Schuman 1409:Schuman 1256:enclave 1006:Cologne 749:Schuman 682:Benelux 253:Parties 125:History 62:Belgium 6183:4°23′E 6143:Europa 5985:Voting 5815:Prizes 5519:Groups 5439:Bureau 5245:Budget 5131:Energy 4298: 3869: 3335: 3305: 3015:. 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