60:
444:
champion in
Achilles, who spoke against Agamemnon in heated terms in assembly. Agamemnon grudgingly accepted the edict of Apollo (supported by the Assembly) that he give up his prize, but, as an insult to Achilles, threatens to take Achilles’ own female prize as recompense. There follows "the wrath of Achilles," part righteous anger, part galling resentment over the unjustified overreaching of Agamemnon, part love for his war bride. This dispute is a central focus of the epic.
686:
gealg or gealh, from an East
Germanic *galgaz, "grim", but there is no Indo-European root for that, either. In the most speculative suggestion, the darkness is not blueness but is the color of corroded bronze (kalkhos). Excluded is Old English gealga, "melancholy" from “gallows", with an Indo-European root "branch".
443:
into lifting the plague he sent as punishment for
Agamemnon's disrespect of Chryses, Apollo's priest. Agamemnon exploded in anger and called the prophet a "visionary of hell" (Fitzgerald translation) and accused Calchas of rendering unfair prophecies. Fearing Agamemnon, Calchas had already secured a
685:
Liddell and Scott, following the tradition of J.B. Hoffman, relate the name to κάλχη (kalkhe), the purple murex, exactly in the sense of the
English mood word "blue". As there is no clear path to an Indo-European root, some suggest a loan word. Hoffman and some others also relate it to Old English
552:
when he thought another seer had incorrectly predicted his death. This seer had foretold
Calchas would never drink from the wine produced from vines he had planted himself; Calchas made the wine, but holding the cup he died of laughter, before he could inform them they had drunk it the previous
500:
will survive the battle and found the city, and tells the
Argives that they will not kill him. He did not join the Argives when they boarded the ships, as he foresaw the impending doom of the Kapherean Rocks.
280:
of his name: “the dark one” in the sense of “ponderer,” based on the resemblance of pondering to melancholy, or being “blue.” Calchas has a long literary history after Homer. His appearance in the
484:) that predicts that Troy will only fall once the Argives are able to recruit Philoctetes. It is by his advice that they halt the battle, even though
850:
676:
488:
is slaughtering the
Trojans. He also tells the Argives that the city is more easily taken by strategy than by force. He endorses
843:
556:
In medieval and later versions of the myth, Calchas is portrayed as a Trojan defector and the father of
Chryseis, now called
1724:
1719:
836:
1729:
333:
1451:
1126:
990:
286:
is no sort of “first” except for the chronological sequence of literature. In the legendary time of the
1566:
859:
474:. Calchas said that if they were brief, they could convince Achilles to fight. It is he rather than
1714:
1572:
1513:
1111:
928:
815:
661:
IX (Alan James translation). The art is based on the Roman word for it. They inherited it from the
1352:
1191:
1186:
480:
1223:
923:
255:
Calchas, a seer in the service of the army before Troy, is portrayed as a skilled augur, Greek
211:
1518:
1091:
662:
1523:
1503:
1064:
1028:
569:
308:
as "short, white, all grey, including the beard, hairy, a very fine seer and omen-reader".
8:
1038:
908:
564:
321:
1074:
938:
20:
394:
suggesting that the protagonist will die if he leaves his tent before the day is out.
1528:
1481:
1461:
1367:
1347:
1269:
1043:
781:
763:
745:
652:
466:
665:, but in English it means of any culture. There were no Romans or Etruscans at Troy.
1663:
1628:
1561:
1248:
943:
549:
386:
276:, is the hereditary occupation of his family, which accounts for the most credible
181:
903:
510:
451:
assumes the form of
Calchas in order to rouse and empower the Greek forces while
249:
231:
1434:
1336:
897:
59:
420:, at the beginning of the expedition, Agamemnon had to sacrifice his daughter
351:
that in order to gain a favourable wind to deploy the Greek ships mustered in
270:
of the enemy during the tide of battle. His mantosune, as it is called in the
72:, as the divine price of the winds required to carry the fleet to Troy, in a
1708:
1000:
542:
538:
371:, whom Agamemnon had offended. The episode was related at length in the lost
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768:
750:
695:
657:
618:
493:
470:
337:
301:
24:
828:
19:
This article is about the ancient Greek seer. For the scorpion genus, see
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1274:
1264:
1233:
1141:
1106:
1069:
485:
381:. He also states that Troy will be sacked on the tenth year of the war.
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1196:
1171:
1146:
1131:
1116:
1059:
918:
702:
525:
514:
378:
348:
241:
227:
1429:
435:, a spoil of war awarded to Agamemnon, must be returned to her father
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1341:
1309:
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886:
640:
599:(Fourth ed.). Boston; New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2009.
421:
413:
364:
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267:
262:
He received knowledge of the past, present, and future from the god,
124:
Greek oral poets presenting the story in poetry contests at festivals
73:
69:
65:
1683:
1673:
1623:
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1534:
1476:
1471:
1409:
1399:
1357:
1315:
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1279:
1259:
1238:
1151:
1121:
1101:
1085:
1053:
1006:
975:
954:
913:
892:
881:
557:
489:
448:
432:
329:
317:
259:('bird-savant'): "as an augur, Calchas had no rival in the camp."
145:
Seer, Greek Mantis, in the sense of one who knows the divine will.
1613:
1551:
1492:
1487:
1414:
1404:
1389:
1326:
1320:
1304:
1294:
1218:
1161:
970:
729:
713:
621:. There were no Romans at Troy, as Rome had not yet been founded.
617:
of that name, is used to mean a person of any culture engaged in
475:
436:
409:
368:
77:
31:
1331:
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1080:
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995:
965:
876:
799:
534:
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519:
497:
496:
will effectively infiltrate the
Trojans. He also foresees that
440:
391:
373:
352:
263:
223:
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1540:
1508:
1456:
1156:
1048:
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236:
674:
424:
to receive favorable sailing winds. At the beginning of the
1693:
1668:
1648:
1608:
452:
356:
245:
199:
190:
244:
conducted by the Achaeans against the powerful city of
431:
In open assembly, Calchas prophesied that the captive
230:," dated to the Age of Legend, which is an aspect of
202:
196:
187:
193:
116:
Character from a traditional story of the Trojan War
184:
292:, seers and divination are already long-standing.
1706:
533:beat him in a contest of soothsaying, although
234:. Calchas appears in the opening scenes of the
412:of divine truth. His most powerful skeptic is
844:
240:, which is believed to have been based on a
858:
851:
837:
58:
300:Calchas was described by the chronicler
1707:
428:Calchas delivers another blow to him.
363:would need to sacrifice his daughter,
266:. He had other mantic skills as well:
832:
754:, Book VIII (Alan James translation).
64:Calchas presides at the sacrifice of
820:Commentary on the Eclogues of Vergil
790:, Book XIV (Alan James translation).
675:Henry George Liddell; Robert Scott.
772:, Book IX (Alan James translation).
591:"Appendix I: Indo-European Roots".
13:
416:himself. Before the events of the
14:
1741:
390:, Calchas delivers a prophecy to
597:The American Heritage Dictionary
513:in Asia Minor shortly after the
180:
809:
793:
775:
757:
537:placed an oracle of Calchas on
458:
23:. For the Jovian asteroid, see
739:
723:
707:
689:
668:
646:
624:
603:
583:
295:
1:
589:Same root as English "mind:"
576:
548:It is also said that Calchas
465:Calchas also plays a role in
455:is not observing the battle.
478:(as suggested in Sophocles'
7:
10:
1746:
683:. Perseus Digital Library.
563:Calchas is a character in
215:
29:
18:
1591:
1205:
869:
509:Calchas died of shame at
408:, Calchas is cast as the
342:
311:
268:interpreting the entrails
165:
161:Argos in the Peloponnesus
157:
149:
141:
133:
128:
120:
112:
104:
85:
57:
49:
42:
1725:Metamorphoses characters
1720:Mythological Greek seers
816:Maurus Servius Honoratus
504:
397:
30:Not to be confused with
1251:(king's brother-in-law)
681:A Greek-English Lexicon
517:(as told in the Cyclic
439:in order to propitiate
324:; grandson of the seer
316:Calchas was the son of
129:In-universe information
16:Seer in Greek mythology
1500:(Queen of the Amazons)
492:' suggestion that the
304:in his account of the
1020:(princess of Mycenae)
1730:Mythological Argives
570:Troilus and Cressida
447:Later in the story,
108:Homer and his school
565:William Shakespeare
467:Quintus of Smyrna's
347:It was Calchas who
43:Calchas Thestorides
37:Fictional character
1537:(princess of Troy)
1448:(King of Ethiopia)
1323:(priest of Apollo)
1312:(princess of Troy)
939:Balius and Xanthus
860:Characters in the
718:Homeric Allegories
677:"κάλχας (Calchas)"
68:, the daughter of
21:Calchas (scorpion)
1702:
1701:
1462:Mygdon of Phrygia
1003:(queen of Sparta)
900:(king of Salamis)
889:(king of Mycenae)
782:Quintus of Smyrna
764:Quintus of Smyrna
746:Quintus of Smyrna
653:Quintus of Smyrna
609:The English word
328:; and brother of
173:
172:
45:Κάλχας Θεστορίδης
1737:
1562:Rhesus of Thrace
1531:(prince of Troy)
1484:(prince of Troy)
1437:(prince of Troy)
1380:(prince of Troy)
1344:(prince of Troy)
1088:(king of Ithaca)
1056:(king of Sparta)
898:Ajax the Greater
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846:
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829:
823:
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791:
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727:
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672:
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639:I, lines 68-72 (
628:
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607:
601:
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550:died of laughter
355:on their way to
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86:First appearance
62:
40:
39:
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1744:
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1739:
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1736:
1735:
1734:
1715:Achaean Leaders
1705:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1587:
1569:(king of Lycia)
1386:(queen of Troy)
1215:(royal demigod)
1201:
1077:(king of Pylos)
1014:(king of Crete)
957:(king of Argos)
904:Ajax the Lesser
865:
857:
827:
826:
814:
810:
798:
794:
780:
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740:
728:
724:
720:, Prologue, 639
712:
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690:
673:
669:
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629:
625:
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604:
590:
588:
584:
579:
529:): the prophet
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402:
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314:
298:
250:Late Bronze Age
232:Greek mythology
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100:
81:
44:
38:
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28:
17:
12:
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5:
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1570:
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1543:(king of Troy)
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1511:
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645:
623:
615:Roman official
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581:
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457:
401:
396:
384:In Sophocles'
344:
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731:
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715:
710:
704:
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682:
678:
671:
664:
660:
659:
654:
649:
643:translation).
642:
638:
637:
632:
627:
620:
616:
613:, based on a
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606:
598:
594:
586:
582:
574:
572:
571:
566:
561:
559:
554:
551:
546:
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543:Magna Graecia
540:
539:Monte Gargano
536:
532:
528:
527:
522:
521:
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512:
502:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
482:
477:
473:
472:
468:
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445:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
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395:
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389:
388:
382:
380:
376:
375:
370:
367:, to appease
366:
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335:
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319:
309:
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265:
260:
258:
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212:Ancient Greek
207:
177:
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119:
115:
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79:
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71:
67:
61:
56:
52:
48:
41:
33:
26:
22:
948:
861:
819:
811:
803:
795:
787:Posthomerica
785:
777:
769:Posthomerica
767:
759:
751:Posthomerica
749:
741:
733:
725:
717:
709:
700:Chronography
699:
691:
680:
670:
658:Posthomerica
656:
648:
634:
626:
619:ornithomancy
610:
605:
596:
592:
585:
568:
562:
555:
547:
524:
518:
508:
494:Trojan Horse
479:
471:Posthomerica
469:
464:
460:Posthomerica
459:
446:
430:
425:
417:
405:
403:
398:
385:
383:
372:
346:
338:Theoclymenus
315:
306:Chronography
305:
299:
287:
281:
271:
261:
256:
254:
235:
226:mantis, or "
219:
175:
174:
153:Achaean army
95:
76:fresco from
50:
25:4138 Kalchas
1573:Scamandrius
1498:Penthesilea
1353:Epistrophus
1275:Asteropaios
1265:Archelochus
1234:Amphimachus
1192:Thrasymedes
1142:Protesilaus
1107:Philoctetes
1070:Neoptolemus
486:Neoptolemus
481:Philoctetes
296:Description
166:Nationality
150:Affiliation
96:Epic poetry
1709:Categories
1644:Hephaestus
1557:Pyraechmes
1547:Pylaemenes
1467:Othryoneus
1441:Melanippus
1373:Gorgythion
1255:Antiphates
1244:Andromache
1197:Tlepolemus
1172:Talthybius
1147:Prothoenor
1132:Polypoetes
1117:Podalirius
1060:Menestheus
929:Ascalaphus
924:Arcesilaus
919:Antilochus
577:References
526:Melampodia
515:Trojan War
379:Epic Cycle
365:Iphigeneia
349:prophesied
142:Occupation
121:Adapted by
105:Created by
66:Iphigeneia
51:Trojan War
1679:Scamander
1599:Aphrodite
1529:Polydorus
1519:Polydamas
1425:Kebriones
1420:Iphidamas
1395:Hyperenor
1363:Euphorbus
1342:Deiphobus
1310:Cassandra
1229:Alcathous
1182:Thersites
1167:Sthenelus
1137:Promachus
1097:Patroclus
1092:Palamedes
1034:Lycomedes
1018:Iphigenia
1012:Idomeneus
991:Eurypylus
986:Eurydamas
981:Eurybates
961:Elephenor
951:(prophet)
934:Automedon
887:Agamemnon
804:Geography
663:Etruscans
641:E.V. Rieu
422:Iphigenia
414:Agamemnon
377:, of the
361:Agamemnon
278:etymology
257:ionópolos
74:peristyle
70:Agamemnon
53:character
1684:Thanatos
1674:Poseidon
1624:Dionysus
1583:Ucalegon
1567:Sarpedon
1535:Polyxena
1477:Panthous
1472:Pandarus
1410:Ilioneus
1400:Hypsenor
1358:Euphemus
1316:Chryseis
1300:Calesius
1285:Atymnius
1280:Astyanax
1260:Antiphus
1239:Anchises
1152:Schedius
1122:Podarces
1102:Peneleos
1086:Odysseus
1065:Meriones
1054:Menelaus
1029:Leonteus
1007:Ialmenus
976:Euryalus
955:Diomedes
914:Anticlus
893:Agapenor
882:Achilles
870:Achaeans
806:, 6.3.9.
567:'s play
558:Cressida
511:Colophon
490:Odysseus
449:Poseidon
433:Chryseis
330:Leucippe
318:Polymele
222:) is an
113:Based on
1614:Artemis
1552:Pylaeus
1524:Polybus
1514:Polites
1504:Phorcys
1493:Peirous
1488:Pedasus
1430:Laocoön
1415:Imbrius
1405:Iamenus
1390:Helenus
1368:Glaucus
1327:Clytius
1321:Chryses
1305:Caletor
1295:Briseis
1249:Antenor
1219:Aesepus
1206:Trojans
1162:Stentor
1127:Polites
1112:Phoenix
1039:Machaon
971:Eudoros
949:Calchas
909:Alcimus
734:Fabulae
730:Hyginus
714:Tzetzes
696:Malalas
553:night.
476:Helenus
437:Chryses
410:apostle
404:In the
369:Artemis
334:Theonoe
322:Thestor
302:Malalas
248:in the
220:Kalkhas
176:Calchas
169:Achaean
92:"Iliad"
78:Pompeii
32:Calchus
1689:Thetis
1659:Hypnos
1654:Hermes
1639:Helios
1619:Athena
1604:Apollo
1578:Theano
1452:Mentes
1446:Memnon
1435:Lycaon
1384:Hecuba
1378:Hector
1290:Axylus
1224:Agenor
1213:Aeneas
1177:Teucer
1081:Nireus
1075:Nestor
1024:Leitus
996:Guneus
966:Epeius
877:Acamas
800:Strabo
535:Strabo
531:Mopsus
520:Nostoi
498:Aeneas
441:Apollo
392:Teucer
374:Cypria
343:Career
336:, and
312:Family
264:Apollo
224:Argive
216:Κάλχας
158:Origin
1634:Hades
1541:Priam
1509:Podes
1482:Paris
1457:Mydon
1348:Dolon
1270:Asius
1187:Thoas
1157:Sinon
1049:Meges
1044:Medon
1001:Helen
862:Iliad
736:, 190
703:5.105
636:Iliad
631:Homer
611:augur
593:*men-
505:Death
426:Iliad
418:Iliad
406:Iliad
399:Iliad
353:Aulis
326:Idmon
289:Iliad
283:Iliad
273:Iliad
237:Iliad
137:Guide
134:Title
1694:Zeus
1669:Leto
1664:Iris
1649:Hera
1629:Eris
1609:Ares
1592:Gods
1332:Coön
944:Bias
822:6.72
523:and
453:Zeus
387:Ajax
357:Troy
320:and
246:Troy
228:seer
655:,
541:in
242:war
1711::
818:,
802:.
784:.
766:.
748:.
732:,
716:,
698:,
679:.
633:,
595:.
573:.
560:.
545:.
359:,
332:,
252:.
218:,
214::
210:;
852:e
845:t
838:v
206:/
203:s
200:ə
197:k
194:l
191:æ
188:k
185:ˈ
182:/
178:(
80:.
34:.
27:.
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