260:
65:
464:
243:
22:
5154:
4121:
3095:
904:
permanent public display, enshrined in the rotunda of the
National Archives at Washington, D.C. For a partially successful effort to piece together the fragmented record of the genesis of the Declaration's creation during this 33-day interval, see Wilfred J. Ritz, "The Authentication of the Engrossed Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776", in the Cornell Law School's
810:(University of Delaware Press, 2000), Chapter 15: Independence is Declared, p. 117 therein. Speculatively, an estimated time moment interval of 14:00 LMT up to 18:00 LMT appears to be the period during which this day's historic events reached completion by the vote in Congress and the newspaper report of independence declared.
836:
Our
Congress Resolved to Declare the United Colonies Free and the Independent States. A Declaration for this purpose, I expect, will this day pass Congress, it is nearly gone through, after which it will be Proclaimed with all the State & Solemnity Circumstances will admit. It is gone so far that
511:
in an attest. Memories of the participants proved to be very short on this particular historic moment. Not three decades had elapsed by which time the prominent members of the
Committee of Five could no longer recollect either detail of what had actually taken place, or their active participation, on
490:
Historians have had no documentary means by which to determine the identity of the authenticating party. It is unclear whether the
Declaration was authenticated by the Committee of Five's signature, or the Committee submitted the fair copy to President Hancock for his authenticating signature, or the
421:
gave the
Declaration the third reading and commenced scrutiny of the precise wording of the proposed text. But for two passages in the Committee of Five's draft that were rejected by the Committee of the Whole the work was accepted without any other major changes. One was a critical reference to the
903:
Congress may have taken as little as 33 days from the debates of July 1 to the opening of business on August 2, to establish "THE unanimous DECLARATION of the thirteen united STATES OF AMERICA", being the revised-format edition of the July 4 Declaration. This 'unanimous thirteen' edition remains on
889:
The
Congress left no record of when, during the night of July 4/5, President John Hancock affixed his authenticating signature to either the Committee's fair copy of the Dunlap broadside master copy (the printer's proof-copy). On the extant original copies of the printed broadside, one finds this:
863:(Alfred A. Knopf, 1997), Chapter III: Mr. Jefferson and His Editors, p. 150. Speculatively, an estimated time moment interval of 10:30 LMT up to 11:00 LMT appears to be the least unlikely period during which the voted adoption of the precise wording of the text of the Declaration was completed.
361:
decided that
Jefferson would write the first draft. With Congress's busy schedule, Jefferson had limited time to write the draft over the ensuing 17 days. He then consulted with the others on the committee, who reviewed the draft and made extensive changes. Jefferson then produced another copy
365:
Among the changes was the simplification of what
Jefferson had termed "preservation of life, & liberty, & the pursuit of happiness" to the more succinct and sonorous phrase familiar to all today, “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”. This shares some similarities with, but is
445:
in complaisance to South
Carolina and Georgia, who had never attempted to restrain the importation of slaves, and who, on the contrary, still wished to continue it. Our Northern brethren also, I believe, felt a little tender under these censures, for though their people had very few slaves
454:
recalled many years later, this work of editing the proposed text was largely completed by the time of adjournment on July 3. However, the text's formal adoption was deferred until the following morning, when the
Congress voted its agreement during the late morning of July 4.
2348:
306:. The actual declaration of "American Independence" is precisely the text comprising the final paragraph of the published broadside of July 4. The broadside's final paragraph repeated the text of the Lee Resolution as adopted by the declaratory resolve voted on July 2.
890:"Signed by Order and in Behalf of the Congress, JOHN HANCOCK, President." For a scholarly appraisal of this national tragedy of the absent record of Hancock's signature moment, see Julian P. Boyd, "The Declaration of Independence: The Mystery of the Lost Original", in
2342:
2188:
349:. Because the committee left no minutes, there is some uncertainty about how the drafting process proceeded. Accounts written many years later by Jefferson and Adams, although frequently cited, vary in some respects.
2489:
938:: The Dunlap broadside of the Declaration of Independence, as first published on July 5, 1776, entitled "A DECLARATION By The Representatives of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA In General Congress assembled".
4588:
3511:
290:
in Congress resolved to postpone until Monday, July 1, the final consideration of whether or not to declare the several sovereign independencies of the Colonies, which had been proposed by the
876:(N.Y: The MacMillan Co., 1912), Volume III: The American Revolution, 1761–1789; Chapter VII: The Declaration of Independence, pp. 182–209, wherein July 4th, p. 205. See also Edward Channing,
969:
1891:
1579:
989:
3411:
479:
The draft document as adopted was then referred back to the Committee of Five to prepare a "fair copy", this being the redrafted-as-corrected document prepared for delivery to the
944:: The Goddard broadside of the Declaration of Independence, as first published on January 31, 1777, entitled "The unanimous DECLARATION of the Thirteen United States of AMERICA".
855:
For verification of the late morning July 4 time of Congress' agreement to the text of the Declaration, see Paul H. Smith, "Time and Temperature: Philadelphia, July 4, 1776", in
2750:
4200:
3548:
833:
A New Jersey delegate to Congress, Abraham Clark, wrote to his friend Elias Dayton during the early morning of July 4, explaining Congress' recent editing of the Declaration:
5478:
5515:
4791:
3700:
2755:
2603:
1683:
994:
4720:
4434:
4208:
1572:
3462:
512:
July 4 and 5 of 1776. And so during these early decades was born the durable myth of one grand ceremonial general signing on July 4, by all the delegates to Congress.
1869:
409:
the following day, during the afternoon of July 2. The Committee of the Whole then turned to the Declaration, and it was given a second reading before adjournment.
302:
of Virginia. During these allotted three weeks Congress agreed to appoint a committee to draft a statement to outline the reasons for the Colonies seceding from the
3741:
3682:
3590:
1584:
1034:
4314:
3237:
962:
2115:
222:
2718:
2643:
1961:
5645:
3714:
3157:
1790:
955:
872:
For corroboration of time (16:45 to 18:35 LMT) of the completion of the 'fair copy' of the Declaration by the Committee of Five, see Edward Channing,
4468:
4297:
3756:
1779:
405:) for the recording of this historic vote. The Congress then heard the report of the Committee of the Whole and declared the sovereign status of the
503:
Following release of the Dunlap broadside on July 5, the public could read who had signed the Declaration. Hancock's signature, as President of the
5399:
3569:
2743:
2693:
2633:
627:
4381:
4331:
3687:
3416:
1856:
5191:
4559:
3761:
3746:
2663:
2648:
4595:
4228:
4216:
2507:
2083:
1821:
1798:
96:
of July 4, 1776. This Declaration committee operated from June 11, 1776, until July 5, 1776, the day on which the Declaration was published.
4189:
3796:
3736:
1768:
1300:
162:, whose academic writings and press publications had a very significant influence in the American Revolution, the only person to sign the
4549:
3751:
3519:
3132:
1980:
5232:
3803:
3614:
2005:
1904:
1736:
1559:
1208:
1151:
393:. The title of the document was "A Declaration by the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled".
218:
5472:
5458:
5220:
5115:
3650:
3501:
3269:
3222:
2733:
2638:
2618:
2430:
2133:
1875:
1156:
978:
192:
163:
93:
29:
929:
5406:
4495:
4396:
4391:
4386:
3828:
3619:
2546:
2541:
2536:
1924:
5368:
5324:
4658:
4178:
3347:
2765:
2653:
2262:
1911:
1757:
1274:
761:
226:
5396:
4575:
3598:
3483:
2367:
1919:
1699:
705:
390:
25:
5553:
5438:
5208:
5041:
4979:
4668:
4651:
4244:
3781:
3731:
3284:
2708:
2560:
2425:
2354:
2148:
2066:
1985:
1413:
1269:
1043:
999:
521:
159:
5427:
4429:
4157:
3851:
3726:
2886:
2289:
1599:
601:
491:
authentication awaited President John Hancock's signature on the printer's finished proof-copy of what became known as the
4663:
4192:
3660:
3374:
3302:
2698:
2623:
2440:
1771:
495:. Either way, upon the July 5 release of the Dunlap Broadside of the Declaration, the Committee of Five's work was done.
2088:
385:
On June 28, 1776, the committee presented this copy to the "Committee of the Whole" Congress, which was commemorated by
5184:
4943:
3922:
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1952:
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3635:
3254:
3152:
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1284:
1259:
1223:
798:
For verification of the afternoon July 2 date of this vote of Congress, see Harold Eberlein & Cortlandt Hubbard,
326:
175:
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3016:
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2155:
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575:
5278:
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4631:
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3990:
3889:
3818:
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3421:
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3249:
2683:
2494:
2435:
2335:
2328:
1972:
1760:
1729:
1531:
1279:
935:
744:
437:
idea that we had friends in England worth keeping terms with still haunted the minds of many. For this reason,
3274:
2110:
1886:
5630:
5177:
5035:
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4778:
4355:
4003:
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2728:
2408:
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1941:
1810:
1802:
1341:
472:
135:
5319:
4956:
4881:
4760:
4641:
3938:
3692:
2445:
2415:
2284:
2017:
1694:
1125:
468:
374:
259:
247:
550:
5510:
5361:
4783:
4220:
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3582:
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3431:
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3162:
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2165:
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1666:
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358:
85:
33:
5620:
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4414:
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4124:
3706:
3488:
3379:
3118:
2613:
2054:
1995:
1671:
1641:
941:
806:(American Faculty Press, 1975), Chapter 11: Independence 1776, p. 174. See also Jane Harrington Scott,
530:
200:
4913:
3527:
880:. (N.Y: The MacMillan Co., 1908), Chapter V-15: The Great Declaration and the French Alliance, p. 146.
696:"Exhibition – Declaring Independence: Drafting the Documents | Exhibitions – Library of Congress"
5640:
5467:
5053:
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4710:
4319:
3808:
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3242:
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3200:
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2908:
2713:
2628:
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2247:
2160:
1897:
1833:
1722:
1552:
1244:
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prior description of private property as a natural right, in the phrase "life, liberty, and estate".
196:
167:
5420:
5226:
4786:
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3022:
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155:
73:
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802:(J.B. Lippincott Co., 1948), entry: Tuesday, July 2, 1776, pp. 171–72. See also John M. Coleman,
267:
188:
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2306:
2170:
2143:
1936:
1931:
418:
204:
171:
2343:
Proposals for concerted operation among the powers at war with the Pyratical states of Barbary
762:"Why Thomas Jefferson's Anti-Slavery Passage Was Removed from the Declaration of Independence"
5574:
5255:
4889:
4742:
4636:
4451:
3954:
3867:
3771:
3369:
2980:
2968:
2849:
2272:
2213:
2032:
1863:
1661:
1382:
487:. And so the Committee of Five convened in the early evening of July 4 to complete its task.
947:
434:
64:
5505:
5453:
5413:
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3004:
2914:
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2388:
2189:
Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States
1813:
1496:
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214:
210:
112:
49:
8:
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1990:
1434:
1104:
819:
423:
373:
Jefferson's first draft also considered a scathing criticism of Great Britain's use of
230:
184:
145:
69:
5615:
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2061:
2010:
1611:
1377:
1362:
1254:
1218:
1182:
932:: "The Lee Resolution of June 7, 1776, born of the Virginia Resolve of May 15, 1776".
740:
733:
695:
406:
334:
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287:
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151:
104:
89:
57:
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1068:
508:
402:
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2225:
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1403:
1387:
1161:
1130:
1109:
439:
those passages which conveyed censures on the people of England were struck out
303:
295:
242:
16:
Continental Congress delegates who drafted the U.S. Declaration of Independence
88:
was a group of five members who drafted and presented to the full Congress in
5609:
5377:
5059:
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4101:
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1004:
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themselves, yet they had been pretty considerable carriers of them to others.
386:
318:
314:
180:
116:
45:
4589:
A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America
3513:
Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.
401:
Although not officially noted, the estimated time was 6:26 p.m. (18:26
5107:
5101:
5077:
4326:
4309:
4026:
3833:
3354:
3227:
3180:
2230:
1500:
1408:
1357:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1192:
1094:
1051:
507:, appears on the broadside, as does that of Continental Congress Secretary
338:
37:
21:
5579:
5537:
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3883:
3342:
3188:
3052:
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484:
322:
808:
A Gentleman As Well As a Whig: Caesar Rodney and the American Revolution
4646:
4424:
4166:
3859:
3406:
3085:
3067:
2784:
2368:
Jefferson manuscript collection at the Massachusetts Historical Society
2267:
1465:
1099:
728:
451:
367:
310:
275:
131:
100:
41:
4669:
Co-founder and second president, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
4419:
2236:
739:. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press. Sec. 87, 123, 209, 222.
5169:
3110:
377:, which was later removed in order to avoid offending slaveholders.
4844:
3906:
3307:
2825:
2294:
1920:
Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, 1777 draft and 1786 passage
1714:
429:
Jefferson wrote in his autobiography, of the two deleted passages:
346:
294:
and the Virginia resolutions of May 15. The proposal, known as the
914:
The Declaration of Independence: An Interpretation and an Analysis
443:
reprobating the enslaving the inhabitants of Africa was struck out
187:, the only person to sign all four of the U.S. state papers: the
5346:
859:, Vol. 33, No. 4, October 1976, p. 296. See also Pauline Maier,
837:
we must now be a free independent State, or a Conquered Country.
237:
5516:
Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
4792:
Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
4135:
3701:
Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
2756:
Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
2604:
Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression
1684:
Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
977:
498:
138:, who later became the second president of the United States
5421:
Governor's Council, Connecticut General Assembly, 1766–1785
3550:
Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One
602:"Roger Sherman, Revolutionary and Dedicated Public Servant"
148:, who later became the third president of the United States
5428:
Connecticut House of Representatives, 1755–1758, 1760–1761
3464:
A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain
861:
American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence
471:
24-cent stamp; the same image also appears on the present
357:
After discussing the general outline of the document, the
158:, known as one of the most famous intellectuals among the
1870:
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms
72:
depicts the Committee of Five on a pediment sculpture by
422:
English people and the other was a denunciation of the
255:(1784–1788), depicts the Committee of Five in the center
441:, lest they should give them offense. The clause, too,
28:
of the Committee of Five presenting their draft of the
3592:
A Plan for Improving the Condition of the Free Blacks
908:. Vol. 4, No. 1, Spring 1986, pp. 179–204. See also,
282:
of the Committee of Five working on the Declaration.
1962:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
990:
Physical history of the Declaration of Independence
3715:Benjamin Franklin Drawing Electricity from the Sky
3502:"Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress" (1745)
732:
845:, Vol. 4 May 16, 1776 – August 15, 1776, p. 378.
804:THOMAS MCKEAN; Forgotten Leader of the Revolution
309:On June 11, the Committee of Five was appointed:
5607:
857:The Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress
721:
5414:Delegate, Continental Congress, 1774–1781, 1784
3571:Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America
1857:A Summary View of the Rights of British America
5501:Committee of Five pediment, Jefferson Memorial
5459:Declaration of Independence (co-wrote, signed,
5407:1st Mayor of New Haven, Connecticut, 1784–1793
270:' idealized 1900 depiction of (left to right)
5473:United States Constitution (co-wrote, signed,
5390:United States Senator, Connecticut, 1791–1793
5362:
5273:Jefferson Memorial Committee of Five pediment
5185:
4596:Letters of Mrs. Adams, the Wife of John Adams
4382:United States presidential election 1788–1789
4151:
3126:
1730:
963:
264:Writing the Declaration of Independence, 1776
4642:Family home and John Quincy Adams birthplace
3804:Cities, counties, schools named for Franklin
2416:Member, Virginia Committee of Correspondence
606:Connecticut History, a CT Humanities Project
380:
4550:Presidential transition of Thomas Jefferson
4332:Chairman of the Marine Committee, 1775-1779
3521:Experiments and Observations on Electricity
841:So wrote Abraham Clark to Elias Dayton, in
467:The Committee of Five, pictured on an 1869
238:Drafting of the Declaration of Independence
5400:Connecticut's at-large district, 1789–1791
5369:
5355:
5233:United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs
5192:
5178:
4158:
4144:
3557:Proposed alliance with the Iroquois (1775)
3323:Gulf Stream exploration, naming, and chart
3133:
3119:
2508:Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Virginia)
1905:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
1737:
1723:
1560:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
970:
956:
916:. (MacMillan & Co., 1904), pp. 138–51.
894:. Vol. C, No. 4, October 1976, pp. 438–67.
499:The Dunlap broadside release to the public
219:United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs
5646:United States Declaration of Independence
4576:Massachusetts Historical Society holdings
3651:Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology
3422:President, Pennsylvania Abolition Society
2734:Louisiana Purchase Exposition gold dollar
2694:Washington and Jefferson National Forests
2619:Thomas Jefferson Star for Foreign Service
979:United States Declaration of Independence
94:United States Declaration of Independence
4674:United First Parish Church and gravesite
4496:District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801
3270:Delegate, 1787 Constitutional Convention
2361:The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth
462:
412:
258:
241:
122:
63:
20:
5325:First inauguration of George Washington
3163:Second Continental Congress (1775–1776)
2654:Jefferson Literary and Debating Society
227:First inauguration of George Washington
5608:
4659:Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University
3600:The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
3484:Early American publishers and printers
625:
599:
292:North Carolina resolutions of April 12
5350:
5199:
5173:
4139:
3153:President of Pennsylvania (1785–1788)
3140:
3114:
2614:Jefferson National Expansion Memorial
2451:Jefferson and the Library of Congress
2426:Founding Fathers of the United States
1986:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves
1718:
951:
727:
522:Founding Fathers of the United States
298:, was moved in Congress on June 7 by
5570:Rebecca Minot Prescott (second wife)
4430:United States Department of the Navy
4356:Constitution of Massachusetts (1780)
2887:Cultural depictions of Sally Hemings
1744:
1600:Journals of the Continental Congress
878:A Short History of the United States
759:
127:The members of this committee were:
4469:Sick and Disabled Seamen Relief Act
4201:U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom
4193:Vice President of the United States
3661:Benjamin Franklin National Memorial
3375:Academy and College of Philadelphia
1834:Delegate, Fifth Virginia Convention
1772:Vice President of the United States
1647:Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom
708:from the original on August 6, 2016
628:"Livingston County marks 200 years"
13:
5468:Articles of Confederation (signed)
4107:Ann Smith Franklin (sister-in-law)
3507:"The Speech of Polly Baker" (1747)
3206:Committee of Secret Correspondence
2214:A Manual of Parliamentary Practice
600:Mangan, Gregg (October 10, 2020).
352:
14:
5657:
5376:
4909:"Adams and Liberty" campaign song
4779:Adams House at Harvard University
4092:Mary Morrell Folger (grandmother)
3742:University of Pennsylvania statue
2208:Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
923:
626:Beagle, Ben (February 23, 2021).
362:incorporating these alterations.
5575:Roger Sherman Baldwin (grandson)
5449:Continental Association (signed)
5153:
5152:
4530:State of the Union Address (1797
4209:U.S. Minister to the Netherlands
4120:
4119:
4072:Alexander Bache (great-grandson)
3829:Sons of Ben (Philadelphia Union)
3402:Continental Currency dollar coin
3303:Franklin's electrostatic machine
3275:Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly
3158:Ambassador to France (1779–1785)
3094:
3093:
2739:Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins
1783:United States Secretary of State
217:, who later served as the first
5315:Robert Livingston (grandfather)
5250:Louisiana Purchase (negotiated)
4067:Andrew Harwood (great-grandson)
4042:Sarah Franklin Bache (daughter)
3497:The Drinker's Dictionary (1737)
3448:The Papers of Benjamin Franklin
3365:Library Company of Philadelphia
2744:250th Anniversary silver dollar
2144:Founder, University of Virginia
897:
883:
874:A History of the United States.
866:
849:
827:
813:
792:
779:
753:
731:(1988) . Laslett, Peter (ed.).
718:, retrieved on October 29, 2013
5397:U.S. House of Representatives,
4951:American Philosophical Society
4664:Presidents House, Philadelphia
4632:Adams National Historical Park
4581:Adams Papers Editorial Project
4560:Federal judiciary appointments
4344:Staten Island Peace Conference
4182:President of the United States
4165:
3360:American Philosophical Society
3255:1776 Pennsylvania Constitution
3250:Staten Island Peace Conference
2684:Thomas Jefferson School of Law
2490:Separation of church and state
2399:American Philosophical Society
2336:Notes on the State of Virginia
2329:The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
1761:President of the United States
1532:Virginia Declaration of Rights
688:
675:
662:
645:
619:
593:
568:
543:
396:
168:Treaty of Alliance with France
99:The committee was composed of
1:
5454:Petition to the King (signed)
4255:Braintree Instructions (1765)
3458:Silence Dogood letters (1722)
3387:Philadelphia Contributionship
2644:University of Virginia statue
2478:Jefferson–Hemings controversy
2116:Federal judicial appointments
1803:Congress of the Confederation
1342:Charles Carroll of Carrollton
536:
26:John Trumbull's 1818 painting
5590:William M. Evarts (grandson)
5320:Clermont State Historic Site
4957:Gazette of the United States
4315:Treaty of Amity and Commerce
4062:Richard Bache Jr. (grandson)
4052:Benjamin F. Bache (grandson)
3695:The Apotheosis of Washington
3620:Franklin's phonetic alphabet
3578:"The Morals of Chess" (1786)
3471:The Busy-Body columns (1729)
3412:United States Postal Service
3238:Treaty of Amity and Commerce
2349:European journey memorandums
2089:State of the Union Addresses
2018:Dunbar and Hunter Expedition
458:
248:Congress Voting Independence
7:
5585:Ebenezer R. Hoar (grandson)
5310:Edward Livingston (brother)
5221:Declaration of Independence
4784:Mount Adams (New Hampshire,
4716:Jefferson Memorial pediment
4293:Declaration of Independence
4221:Second Continental Congress
4047:William Franklin (grandson)
3767:Jefferson Memorial pediment
3688:Royal Society of Arts medal
3563:A Letter to a Royal Academy
3223:Declaration of Independence
2957:Cornelia Jefferson Randolph
2689:Thomas Jefferson University
2659:Thomas Jefferson Foundation
2166:Democratic-Republican Party
2084:West Point Military Academy
1876:Declaration of Independence
1826:Second Continental Congress
1537:Second Continental Congress
787:Declaration of Independence
735:Two Treatises of Government
515:
359:Second Continental Congress
223:presidential oath of office
164:Declaration of Independence
86:Second Continental Congress
34:Second Continental Congress
30:Declaration of Independence
10:
5662:
5305:Robert Livingston (father)
4462:Naturalization Act of 1798
4440:United States Marine Corps
4233:First Continental Congress
4102:Richard Bache (son-in-law)
4097:Peter Folger (grandfather)
3792:Washington–Franklin stamps
3757:Stanford University statue
3380:University of Pennsylvania
1996:Lewis and Clark Expedition
1690:Signers Monument (Georgia)
995:Memorial to the 56 Signers
800:Diary of Independence Hall
531:United States Constitution
417:On Wednesday, July 3, the
233:as the minister to France.
5595:George F. Hoar (grandson)
5562:
5546:
5524:
5488:
5437:
5384:
5297:
5265:
5242:
5207:
5126:
4990:
4901:
4848:(1997 documentary series)
4800:
4682:
4617:
4568:
4405:
4374:
4288:Lee Resolution (seconded)
4243:
4173:
4115:
4057:Louis F. Bache (grandson)
4019:
3966:
3926:(2002 documentary series)
3910:(1997 documentary series)
3850:
3809:Benjamin Franklin College
3656:Benjamin Franklin Parkway
3628:
3440:
3293:
3201:Hutchinson letters affair
3171:
3148:
3062:
2987:Frederick Madison Roberts
2909:Martha Jefferson Randolph
2895:
2829:(1997 documentary series)
2764:
2589:Thomas Jefferson Building
2557:
2526:
2381:
2320:
2246:
2161:Anti-Administration party
2124:
1971:
1951:
1898:All men are created equal
1844:
1752:
1632:
1553:All men are created equal
1519:
1483:
1453:
1422:
1396:
1350:
1319:
1293:
1237:
1201:
1170:
1139:
1118:
1087:
1061:
1042:
1033:
1017:
1013:
985:
892:The Pennsylvania Magazine
381:Presentation of the draft
197:Articles of Confederation
4627:Early life and education
4082:James Franklin (brother)
4077:Josiah Franklin (father)
3747:Portland, Oregon, statue
3615:Franklin as a journalist
3584:An Address to the Public
3477:The Pennsylvania Gazette
3233:Franco-American alliance
3184:(1754 political cartoon)
2882:Wine bottles controversy
2674:Jefferson City, Missouri
2139:Franco-American alliance
843:of Delegates to Congress
90:Pennsylvania State House
74:Adolph Alexander Weinman
5496:Statue of Roger Sherman
5479:Article One, Section 10
4914:Adams' personal library
4877:(2006 documentary film)
4501:Navy Department Library
4491:Slave Trade Act of 1800
4474:Marine Hospital Service
4457:Alien and Sedition Acts
4452:Mississippi Organic Act
4435:Commerce Protection Act
4265:Continental Association
4260:Boston Massacre defense
3985:The New-England Courant
3782:One-hundred-dollar bill
3683:Benjamin Franklin Medal
3646:Benjamin Franklin House
3490:Poor Richard's Almanack
3397:Early American currency
3348:111th Infantry Regiment
3216:"...to be self-evident"
3055:(2nd great-grandfather)
2999:Jane Randolph Jefferson
2951:Ellen Randolph Coolidge
2533:Presidential elections
2436:Jefferson and education
2421:Committee of the States
1912:Consent of the governed
1791:U.S. Minister to France
1567:Consent of the governed
426:and of slavery itself.
268:Jean Leon Gerome Ferris
203:. Sherman proposed the
189:Continental Association
5580:Sherman Day (grandson)
5209:United States founding
4919:American Enlightenment
4875:John and Abigail Adams
4856:(2002 animated series)
4481:Bankruptcy Act of 1800
4281:Thoughts on Government
4037:Francis Franklin (son)
4032:William Franklin (son)
3979:American Enlightenment
3918:(2002 animated series)
3787:Franklin silver dollar
3762:Washington D.C. statue
3737:Columbus, Ohio, statue
3722:Revolutionary War Door
3608:Bagatelles and Satires
3602:(1771–1790, pub. 1791)
3542:Pennsylvania Chronicle
3427:Master, Les Neuf Sœurs
2837:(2002 animated series)
2669:Monticello Association
2394:American Enlightenment
2355:Indian removal letters
2312:White House Colonnades
2307:Virginia State Capitol
2285:University of Virginia
2171:Jeffersonian democracy
2067:Native American policy
1937:Land Ordinance of 1785
1932:Land Ordinance of 1784
906:Law and History Review
839:
632:Livingston County News
476:
448:
419:Committee of the Whole
283:
256:
205:Connecticut Compromise
92:what would become the
77:
61:
40:. From left to right:
5256:North River Steamboat
5227:New York Constitution
5042:Thomas Boylston Adams
4711:John Adams Courthouse
4637:John Adams Birthplace
4420:Quasi War with France
4361:Treaty of Paris, 1783
3869:Ben Franklin in Paris
3772:Refunding Certificate
3370:Pennsylvania Hospital
3265:Treaty of Paris, 1783
2981:T. Jefferson Coolidge
2977:(great-granddaughter)
2969:John Wayles Jefferson
2714:Jefferson–Jackson Day
2649:David d'Angers statue
2446:Jefferson and slavery
2431:Historical reputation
2134:Early life and career
1866:(initial draft; 1775)
1864:Olive Branch Petition
1383:Francis Lightfoot Lee
1044:President of Congress
834:
823:, by Thomas Jefferson
466:
431:
413:Last minute arguments
286:The delegates of the
262:
245:
123:The Committee of Five
67:
24:
5631:Continental Congress
5506:Sherman, Connecticut
5288:Robert R. Livingston
4838:The Adams Chronicles
4270:Petition to the King
3974:Age of Enlightenment
3900:A More Perfect Union
3777:Franklin half dollar
3752:San Francisco statue
3528:Birch letters (1755)
3189:Albany Plan of Union
3005:Lucy Jefferson Lewis
2915:Mary Jefferson Eppes
2389:Age of Enlightenment
2023:Red River Expedition
1814:Governor of Virginia
1497:Robert R. Livingston
505:Continental Congress
213:, representative of
183:, representative of
154:, representative of
144:, representative of
134:, representative of
5132:← George Washington
5015:Abigail Adams Smith
4970:American Revolution
4964:The American Museum
4809:Profiles in Courage
4721:U.S. Postage stamps
4706:John Adams Building
4516:Midnight Judges Act
4486:Indiana Organic Act
4087:Jane Mecom (sister)
4027:Deborah Read (wife)
3999:American Revolution
3992:The American Museum
3871:(1964 musical play)
3842:Ben Franklin effect
3049:(great-grandfather)
2751:U.S. postage stamps
2719:Currency depictions
2699:Peaks and mountains
2629:Karl Bitter statues
2599:Jefferson Territory
2496:The American Museum
2404:American Revolution
2055:Non-Intercourse Act
2038:Embargo Act of 1807
1942:Northwest Ordinance
1925:Freedom of religion
1624:American Revolution
910:Herbert Friedenwald
701:Library of Congress
527:Committee of Detail
469:U.S. Postal Service
229:and negotiated the
221:, administered the
5146:Thomas Jefferson →
5139:Thomas Jefferson →
4939:First Party System
4817:American Primitive
4522:Marbury v. Madison
4445:Convention of 1800
4320:Treaty of Alliance
3950:(2022 documentary)
3852:In popular culture
3666:Franklin Institute
3392:Union Fire Company
3280:Postmaster General
3260:Libertas Americana
3243:Treaty of Alliance
3011:Randolph Jefferson
2945:George W. Randolph
2939:Thomas J. Randolph
2850:Jefferson's Garden
2810:Jefferson in Paris
2574:Jefferson Memorial
2201:Compromise of 1790
2176:First Party System
2078:Marbury v. Madison
2001:Corps of Discovery
1991:Louisiana Purchase
1686:(Washington, D.C.)
1677:Semiquincentennial
1580:Document's history
1435:Thomas Heyward Jr.
1105:Robert Treat Paine
760:Williams, Yohuru.
683:American Scripture
653:American Scripture
576:"Thomas Jefferson"
477:
284:
257:
231:Louisiana Purchase
78:
70:Jefferson Memorial
62:
5621:Benjamin Franklin
5603:
5602:
5511:Sherman, New York
5476:Great Compromise,
5462:Committee of Five
5344:
5343:
5279:Robert Livingston
5217:Committee of Five
5201:Robert Livingston
5167:
5166:
5054:Charles Adams Sr.
5021:John Quincy Adams
4893:(2024 miniseries)
4885:(2015 miniseries)
4840:(1976 miniseries)
4695:List of memorials
4511:Treaty of Tripoli
4506:Treaty of Tellico
4303:Committee of Five
4133:
4132:
3958:(2024 miniseries)
3948:Benjamin Franklin
3942:(2015 miniseries)
3934:(2008 miniseries)
3924:Benjamin Franklin
3891:Benjamin Franklin
3824:State of Franklin
3534:The Way to Wealth
3211:Committee of Five
3142:Benjamin Franklin
3108:
3107:
2975:Sarah N. Randolph
2878:(2020 miniseries)
2845:(2008 miniseries)
2679:Jefferson College
2639:Louisville statue
2609:Jefferson Lecture
2062:First Barbary War
2011:Empire of Liberty
1953:French Revolution
1882:Committee of Five
1849:the United States
1712:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1700:Trumbull portrait
1642:National Archives
1612:Independence Hall
1547:Committee of Five
1479:
1478:
1378:Thomas Nelson Jr.
1373:Benjamin Harrison
1363:Richard Henry Lee
1255:Benjamin Franklin
1219:Francis Hopkinson
1183:Philip Livingston
1152:Samuel Huntington
942:Goddard broadside
481:broadside printer
335:Benjamin Franklin
327:Robert Livingston
300:Richard Henry Lee
288:Thirteen Colonies
272:Benjamin Franklin
211:Robert Livingston
176:U.S. Constitution
152:Benjamin Franklin
113:Robert Livingston
105:Benjamin Franklin
82:Committee of Five
58:Benjamin Franklin
50:Robert Livingston
5653:
5641:Thomas Jefferson
5554:Founding Fathers
5430:
5423:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5392:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5348:
5347:
5194:
5187:
5180:
5171:
5170:
5156:
5155:
5090:Susanna Boylston
5080:(great-grandson)
5074:(great-grandson)
5068:(great-grandson)
4980:Founding Fathers
4929:Federalist Party
4869:2008 miniseries)
4349:Conference House
4337:Continental Navy
4236:
4224:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4185:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4137:
4136:
4123:
4122:
3834:Ships named USS
3285:Founding Fathers
3135:
3128:
3121:
3112:
3111:
3097:
3096:
3047:William Randolph
2989:(great-grandson)
2983:(great-grandson)
2903:Martha Jefferson
2818:Thomas Jefferson
2724:Jefferson nickel
2709:Other placenames
2634:Hempstead statue
2513:Virginia dynasty
2467:National Gazette
2156:Ratification Day
1892:physical history
1837:
1829:
1817:
1806:
1794:
1786:
1775:
1764:
1746:Thomas Jefferson
1739:
1732:
1725:
1716:
1715:
1667:Sesquicentennial
1654:Independence Day
1527:Halifax Resolves
1513:Matthew Tilghman
1486:for Independence
1484:Delegates voting
1445:Arthur Middleton
1440:Thomas Lynch Jr.
1368:Thomas Jefferson
1214:John Witherspoon
1209:Richard Stockton
1157:William Williams
1079:Matthew Thornton
1040:
1039:
1025:Thomas Jefferson
1015:
1014:
1000:Founding Fathers
972:
965:
958:
949:
948:
936:Dunlap broadside
917:
901:
895:
887:
881:
870:
864:
853:
847:
831:
825:
817:
811:
796:
790:
783:
777:
776:
774:
772:
757:
751:
750:
738:
725:
719:
717:
715:
713:
704:. July 4, 1995.
692:
686:
679:
673:
666:
660:
655:, 97–105; Boyd,
649:
643:
642:
640:
638:
623:
617:
616:
614:
612:
597:
591:
590:
588:
586:
572:
566:
565:
563:
561:
547:
493:Dunlap broadside
343:Thomas Jefferson
280:Thomas Jefferson
253:Robert Edge Pine
160:Founding Fathers
142:Thomas Jefferson
109:Thomas Jefferson
54:Thomas Jefferson
5661:
5660:
5656:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5650:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5599:
5558:
5542:
5520:
5484:
5441:Founding events
5440:
5433:
5426:
5419:
5412:
5405:
5395:
5388:
5380:
5375:
5345:
5340:
5293:
5261:
5238:
5203:
5198:
5168:
5163:
5122:
5112:daughter-in-law
5104:(second cousin)
5048:George W. Adams
4986:
4897:
4883:Sons of Liberty
4801:Popular culture
4796:
4763:President Adams
4730:(1783 painting)
4727:Treaty of Paris
4678:
4619:
4613:
4602:Founders Online
4564:
4401:
4370:
4298:May 15 preamble
4275:United Colonies
4246:
4245:Founding of the
4239:
4227:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4188:
4177:
4169:
4164:
4134:
4129:
4111:
4015:
3962:
3940:Sons of Liberty
3846:
3718:(1816 painting)
3710:(1783 painting)
3707:Treaty of Paris
3624:
3453:Founders Online
3436:
3417:Street lighting
3333:Kite experiment
3295:
3289:
3194:Albany Congress
3173:
3172:Founding of the
3167:
3144:
3139:
3109:
3104:
3075:James Madison →
3058:
2993:Peter Jefferson
2959:(granddaughter)
2953:(granddaughter)
2927:Madison Hemings
2921:Harriet Hemings
2891:
2767:
2760:
2729:Two-dollar bill
2594:Jefferson River
2559:
2553:
2522:
2461:Pet mockingbird
2441:Religious views
2377:
2373:Founders Online
2316:
2249:
2242:
2127:accomplishments
2126:
2120:
2072:Burr conspiracy
2033:Cumberland Road
2028:Pike Expedition
1967:
1947:
1848:
1846:
1840:
1832:
1820:
1809:
1797:
1789:
1778:
1767:
1756:
1748:
1743:
1713:
1704:
1634:
1628:
1607:United Colonies
1595:Timothy Matlack
1590:Charles Thomson
1515:
1503:
1487:
1485:
1475:
1449:
1430:Edward Rutledge
1418:
1392:
1346:
1315:
1289:
1233:
1197:
1166:
1135:
1126:Stephen Hopkins
1114:
1083:
1074:William Whipple
1069:Josiah Bartlett
1057:
1054:(Massachusetts)
1029:
1009:
981:
976:
926:
921:
920:
902:
898:
888:
884:
871:
867:
854:
850:
832:
828:
818:
814:
797:
793:
784:
780:
770:
768:
758:
754:
747:
726:
722:
711:
709:
694:
693:
689:
680:
676:
667:
663:
650:
646:
636:
634:
624:
620:
610:
608:
598:
594:
584:
582:
580:The White House
574:
573:
569:
559:
557:
555:The White House
549:
548:
544:
539:
518:
509:Charles Thomson
501:
473:two-dollar bill
461:
415:
407:United Colonies
399:
383:
366:distinct from,
355:
353:The first draft
240:
172:Treaty of Paris
125:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5659:
5649:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5566:
5564:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5556:
5550:
5548:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5535:(1969 musical,
5528:
5526:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5470:
5465:
5456:
5451:
5445:
5443:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5431:
5424:
5417:
5410:
5403:
5393:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5374:
5373:
5366:
5359:
5351:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5333:(1969 musical,
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5283:
5275:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5252:
5246:
5244:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5230:
5224:
5213:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5197:
5196:
5189:
5182:
5174:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5142:
5135:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5105:
5099:
5093:
5087:
5084:John Adams Sr.
5081:
5075:
5069:
5063:
5057:
5051:
5045:
5039:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5005:
4996:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4967:
4960:
4953:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4934:Federalist Era
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4905:
4903:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4887:
4879:
4871:
4866:
4858:
4854:Liberty's Kids
4850:
4842:
4834:
4829:
4821:
4813:
4804:
4802:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4781:
4776:
4767:
4758:
4749:
4740:
4731:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4700:Adams Memorial
4697:
4692:
4686:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4655:
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4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4604:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4572:
4570:
4569:Other writings
4566:
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4563:
4562:
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4532:
4527:
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4155:
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4116:
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4017:
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4008:
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3996:
3988:
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3976:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3952:
3944:
3936:
3928:
3920:
3916:Liberty's Kids
3912:
3904:
3896:
3887:
3881:
3873:
3865:
3856:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3819:Mount Franklin
3816:
3814:Franklin Field
3811:
3806:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3732:Chicago statue
3729:
3724:
3719:
3711:
3703:
3698:
3690:
3685:
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3679:
3678:
3673:
3663:
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3643:
3641:Franklin Court
3638:
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3626:
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3596:
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3404:
3399:
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3389:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3340:
3338:Pay it forward
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3318:Glass armonica
3315:
3313:Franklin stove
3310:
3305:
3299:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
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3186:
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3130:
3123:
3115:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3071:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3041:Isham Randolph
3038:
3037:(grand-nephew)
3035:Dabney S. Carr
3032:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2966:
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2890:
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2879:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2854:
2846:
2838:
2834:Liberty's Kids
2830:
2822:
2814:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2789:
2781:
2772:
2770:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2704:Jefferson Rock
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2579:Mount Rushmore
2576:
2571:
2565:
2563:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2530:
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2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2470:
2463:
2458:
2456:Jefferson Pier
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2401:
2396:
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2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2332:
2324:
2322:
2321:Other writings
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2300:Jefferson Hall
2297:
2292:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2265:
2260:
2254:
2252:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2228:
2226:Jefferson disk
2223:
2221:American Creed
2218:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2193:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2086:
2081:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1957:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1852:
1850:
1842:
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1807:
1795:
1787:
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1765:
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1727:
1719:
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1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1658:Anniversaries
1656:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1638:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1619:
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1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1544:
1542:Lee Resolution
1539:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1491:
1489:
1488:(did not sign)
1481:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1461:Button Gwinett
1457:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1423:South Carolina
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1404:William Hooper
1400:
1398:
1397:North Carolina
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1388:Carter Braxton
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
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1323:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1162:Oliver Wolcott
1159:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1131:William Ellery
1128:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1110:Elbridge Gerry
1107:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1046:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1018:Primary author
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
986:
983:
982:
975:
974:
967:
960:
952:
946:
945:
939:
933:
930:Lee Resolution
925:
924:External links
922:
919:
918:
896:
882:
865:
848:
826:
812:
791:
778:
752:
745:
720:
687:
674:
661:
644:
618:
592:
567:
541:
540:
538:
535:
534:
533:
529:, drafted the
524:
517:
514:
500:
497:
460:
457:
414:
411:
398:
395:
391:famed painting
382:
379:
354:
351:
304:British Empire
296:Lee Resolution
239:
236:
235:
234:
208:
178:
149:
139:
124:
121:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5658:
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5644:
5642:
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5634:
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5527:
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5514:
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5509:
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5491:
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5469:
5466:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5439:United States
5436:
5429:
5425:
5422:
5418:
5415:
5411:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5387:
5386:
5383:
5379:
5378:Roger Sherman
5372:
5367:
5365:
5360:
5358:
5353:
5352:
5349:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5282:(1875 statue)
5281:
5280:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5258:
5257:
5253:
5251:
5248:
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5241:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5222:
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5202:
5195:
5190:
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5183:
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5176:
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5172:
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5159:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5129:
5128:
5125:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5100:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5088:
5085:
5082:
5079:
5076:
5073:
5070:
5067:
5066:John Q. Adams
5064:
5061:
5060:John Adams II
5058:
5055:
5052:
5049:
5046:
5043:
5040:
5037:
5036:Charles Adams
5034:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5013:
5009:
5008:Quincy family
5006:
5003:
5002:
5001:
5000:Abigail Adams
4998:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4989:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4945:
4944:republicanism
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4924:Congress Hall
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4900:
4894:
4892:
4888:
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4880:
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4859:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4827:(1969 musical
4826:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4814:
4812:
4811:(1964 series)
4810:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4799:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4750:
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4741:
4738:
4737:
4732:
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4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4653:
4652:Stone Library
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4608:Gray v. Pitts
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4577:
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4367:
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4347:
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4335:
4334:
4333:
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4328:
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4321:
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4311:
4308:
4304:
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4299:
4296:
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4282:
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4271:
4268:
4266:
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4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4247:United States
4242:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
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4202:
4198:
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4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4011:Syng inkstand
4009:
4005:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3987:
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3911:
3909:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3879:(1969 musical
3878:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3843:
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3182:Join, or Die.
3179:
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3174:United States
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2199:
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2196:Residence Act
2194:
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2186:
2182:
2181:republicanism
2179:
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1617:Syng inkstand
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1471:George Walton
1469:
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1325:
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1322:
1318:
1312:
1311:Thomas McKean
1309:
1307:
1306:Caesar Rodney
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1275:George Taylor
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1265:George Clymer
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1250:Benjamin Rush
1248:
1246:
1245:Robert Morris
1243:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1229:Abraham Clark
1227:
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1194:
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1189:
1188:Francis Lewis
1186:
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1178:William Floyd
1176:
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1148:
1147:Roger Sherman
1145:
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1088:Massachusetts
1086:
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1062:New Hampshire
1060:
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1005:Syng inkstand
1003:
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844:
838:
830:
824:
822:
821:Autobiography
816:
809:
805:
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795:
788:
782:
767:
763:
756:
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742:
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736:
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486:
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474:
470:
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456:
453:
447:
444:
440:
436:
435:pusillanimous
430:
427:
425:
420:
410:
408:
404:
394:
392:
388:
378:
376:
371:
369:
363:
360:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:Roger Sherman
316:
315:Massachusetts
312:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
254:
250:
249:
244:
232:
228:
224:
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216:
212:
209:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
181:Roger Sherman
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
150:
147:
143:
140:
137:
136:Massachusetts
133:
130:
129:
128:
120:
118:
117:Roger Sherman
114:
110:
106:
102:
97:
95:
91:
87:
83:
75:
71:
66:
59:
55:
51:
47:
46:Roger Sherman
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
5532:
5461:
5330:
5287:
5277:
5254:
5216:
5151:
5137:
5130:
5108:Louisa Adams
5102:Samuel Adams
5078:Brooks Adams
4992:Adams family
4962:
4955:
4890:
4882:
4874:
4861:
4853:
4845:
4837:
4824:
4816:
4808:
4771:
4762:
4753:
4744:
4735:
4725:
4690:Bibliography
4606:
4594:
4587:
4520:
4415:Inauguration
4327:Board of War
4310:Model Treaty
4302:
4280:
3991:
3983:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3923:
3915:
3907:
3899:
3893:(miniseries)
3890:
3876:
3868:
3863:(1953 short)
3860:
3835:
3797:other stamps
3713:
3705:
3694:
3693:Depicted in
3636:Bibliography
3607:
3599:
3591:
3583:
3570:
3562:
3549:
3541:
3533:
3520:
3512:
3489:
3476:
3463:
3296:other events
3228:Model Treaty
3210:
3181:
3092:
3086:Aaron Burr →
3082:← John Adams
3073:
3068:← John Adams
3066:
2873:
2862:2015 musical
2856:
2848:
2840:
2832:
2824:
2816:
2808:
2797:1969 musical
2791:
2788:(1953 short)
2783:
2777:The Patriots
2775:
2569:Bibliography
2495:
2465:
2359:
2334:
2327:
2250:architecture
2248:Jeffersonian
2235:
2231:Swivel chair
2212:
2187:
2076:
2047:
2043:
1881:
1855:
1847:documents of
1672:Bicentennial
1546:
1504:
1501:Henry Wisner
1492:
1409:Joseph Hewes
1358:George Wythe
1337:Thomas Stone
1332:William Paca
1327:Samuel Chase
1280:James Wilson
1238:Pennsylvania
1193:Lewis Morris
1119:Rhode Island
1095:Samuel Adams
1052:John Hancock
913:
905:
899:
891:
885:
877:
873:
868:
860:
856:
851:
842:
840:
835:
829:
820:
815:
807:
803:
799:
794:
786:
781:
771:November 19,
769:. Retrieved
765:
755:
734:
723:
712:February 18,
710:. Retrieved
699:
690:
682:
677:
669:
664:
656:
652:
647:
635:. Retrieved
631:
621:
609:. Retrieved
605:
595:
583:. Retrieved
579:
570:
558:. Retrieved
554:
551:"John Adams"
545:
502:
489:
478:
449:
442:
438:
432:
428:
416:
400:
384:
372:
368:John Locke's
364:
356:
339:Pennsylvania
308:
285:
263:
246:
201:Constitution
156:Pennsylvania
126:
98:
81:
79:
38:Philadelphia
18:
5235:(1781-1783)
5096:Elihu Adams
5072:Henry Adams
4819:(1969 play)
4787:Washington)
4223:(1775–1778)
4211:(1782–1788)
4203:(1785–1788)
4195:(1789–1797)
4184:(1797–1801)
3902:(1989 film)
3610:(pub. 1845)
3492:(1732–1758)
3479:(1729–1790)
3343:Associators
3294:Inventions,
3053:Henry Soane
3029:Dabney Carr
3023:Samuel Carr
2853:(2015 play)
2821:(1997 film)
2813:(1995 film)
2780:(1946 play)
2503:Tufton Farm
2290:The Rotunda
2125:Other noted
1960:Co-author,
1828:(1775–1776)
1816:(1779–1781)
1805:(1783–1784)
1793:(1785–1789)
1785:(1790–1793)
1774:(1797–1801)
1763:(1801–1809)
1509:John Rogers
1301:George Read
1285:George Ross
1270:James Smith
1260:John Morton
1140:Connecticut
1035:Signatories
729:Locke, John
485:John Dunlap
424:slave trade
397:The signing
323:Connecticut
193:Declaration
185:Connecticut
5636:John Adams
5626:Committees
5610:Categories
5538:1972 film)
5525:Portrayals
5336:1972 film)
5116:first lady
5062:(grandson)
5056:(grandson)
5050:(grandson)
5029:presidency
5017:(daughter)
4864:(2001 book
4862:John Adams
4832:1972 film)
4772:John Adams
4745:John Adams
4702:(proposed)
4647:Peacefield
4425:XYZ Affair
4407:Presidency
4167:John Adams
3932:John Adams
3861:Ben and Me
3407:Fugio cent
3355:Junto club
3017:Peter Carr
2971:(grandson)
2965:(grandson)
2947:(grandson)
2941:(grandson)
2923:(daughter)
2917:(daughter)
2911:(daughter)
2875:Washington
2842:John Adams
2785:Ben and Me
2768:depictions
2558:Legacy and
2268:Monticello
2263:Farmington
2044:Chesapeake
1981:Transition
1973:Presidency
1662:Centennial
1635:and legacy
1466:Lyman Hall
1202:New Jersey
1100:John Adams
746:052135448X
537:References
452:John Adams
311:John Adams
276:John Adams
199:, and the
132:John Adams
101:John Adams
42:John Adams
5098:(brother)
4375:Elections
4366:Diplomacy
3884:1972 film
3432:Gravesite
3013:(brother)
2867:2020 film
2802:1972 film
2561:memorials
2527:Elections
2364:(c. 1819)
2237:Megalonyx
1414:John Penn
1224:John Hart
670:Evolution
657:Evolution
459:Fair copy
5616:Quintets
5158:Category
5092:(mother)
5086:(father)
4975:patriots
4891:Franklin
4846:Liberty!
4618:Life and
4229:Delegate
4217:Delegate
4125:Category
4004:patriots
3994:magazine
3956:Franklin
3908:Liberty!
3836:Franklin
3441:Writings
3308:Bifocals
3099:Category
3031:(nephew)
3025:(nephew)
3019:(nephew)
3007:(sister)
3001:(mother)
2995:(father)
2857:Hamilton
2826:Liberty!
2766:Cultural
2584:Birthday
2498:magazine
2409:patriots
2295:The Lawn
2006:timeline
1887:authored
1845:Founding
1822:Delegate
1799:Delegate
1505:Maryland
1493:New York
1351:Virginia
1320:Maryland
1294:Delaware
1171:New York
785:Becker,
706:Archived
637:June 10,
611:June 10,
585:June 10,
560:June 10,
516:See also
387:Trumbull
347:Virginia
331:New York
215:New York
146:Virginia
5547:Related
5298:Related
4902:Related
4555:Cabinet
4231:to the
4219:to the
3967:Related
2624:Statues
2382:Related
2273:gardens
2149:history
2111:Cabinet
2048:Leopard
1878:(1776)
1824:to the
1801:to the
1633:Display
1585:signing
1520:Related
1454:Georgia
766:HISTORY
651:Maier,
375:slavery
225:at the
84:of the
32:to the
5563:Family
5489:Legacy
5266:Legacy
5243:Events
5229:(1777)
4775:(1963)
4766:(1941)
4757:(1874)
4748:(1799)
4739:(1799)
4683:Legacy
4283:(1776)
4235:(1774)
4020:Family
3895:(1972)
3671:awards
3629:Legacy
3594:(1789)
3586:(1789)
3573:(1784)
3565:(1781)
3552:(1773)
3544:(1767)
3536:(1758)
3523:(1751)
3515:(1751)
3466:(1725)
2905:(wife)
2896:Family
2351:(1787)
2345:(1786)
2339:(1785)
2217:(1801)
2192:(1790)
2050:affair
1964:(1789)
1944:(1787)
1872:(1775)
1860:(1774)
1836:(1776)
743:
685:, 104.
681:Maier,
668:Boyd,
341:, and
278:, and
195:, the
191:, the
174:, and
115:, and
5044:(son)
5038:(son)
4754:Adams
4736:Adams
4620:homes
4545:1800)
3676:medal
2935:(son)
2929:(son)
672:, 22.
659:, 21.
251:, by
5533:1776
5331:1776
5004:wife
4825:1776
4770:USS
4761:USS
4752:USS
4743:USS
4734:USS
4540:1799
4535:1798
4397:1800
4392:1796
4387:1792
3877:1776
2792:1776
2547:1804
2542:1800
2537:1796
2104:1805
2099:1802
2094:1801
789:, 4.
773:2020
741:ISBN
714:2010
639:2021
613:2021
587:2021
562:2021
433:The
80:The
68:The
5286:SS
5025:son
4190:1st
4179:2nd
1811:2nd
1780:1st
1769:2nd
1758:3rd
450:As
403:LMT
389:’s
345:of
337:of
329:of
321:of
313:of
36:in
5612::
1511:,
1507::
1499:,
1495::
912:,
764:.
698:.
630:.
604:.
578:.
553:.
483:,
333:,
325:,
317:,
274:,
266:,
170:,
166:,
119:.
111:,
107:,
103:,
56:,
52:,
48:,
44:,
5481:)
5464:)
5370:e
5363:t
5356:v
5223:)
5219:(
5193:e
5186:t
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4159:e
4152:t
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3886:)
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3120:v
2046:–
1914:"
1910:"
1907:"
1903:"
1900:"
1896:"
1738:e
1731:t
1724:v
1569:"
1565:"
1562:"
1558:"
1555:"
1551:"
971:e
964:t
957:v
775:.
749:.
716:.
641:.
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589:.
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207:.
76:.
60:.
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