312:
from power for the first time in 30 years. The
Congress for Democracy itself won only 28 seats, but its role in raising significant support for the Janata alliance amongst India's Scheduled Caste communities, formerly a loyal Congress base, earned it considerable influence in the formation of a new
373:. When Ram withdrew his support for the Desai government in 1979, he was supported by a significant number of former CFD MPs. With the fall of the Janata government in 1979-80, Ram and his supporters formed the
344:
When JP chose Desai, the CFD expressed criticism at the un-democratic selection of the leader and hesitated about joining the government. However, JP and Desai coaxed Ram into joining the government as a
301:
alliance as he was the most influential
Scheduled Caste leader in the country. While the Congress for Democracy agreed to jointly campaign and contest the election with the
640:
760:
1173:
1324:
511:
1314:
1304:
685:
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968:
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in 1975. However, the state of emergency had proven widely unpopular and upon calling elections in 1977, it became apparent that Indira's
1299:
1208:
923:
1319:
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1028:
775:
765:
580:
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1113:
590:
504:
1309:
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244:
341:(JP), who was seen as the spiritual leader of the party, to choose the leader, pledging to abide by his choice.
1213:
1038:
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735:
346:
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206:
353:. On 5 May 1977 the Congress for Democracy announced its intention to merge its organisation with the
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1048:
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790:
650:
1233:
1083:
835:
635:
554:
309:
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194:
163:
380:
Bahuguna rejoined the
Congress (I) for a brief period before founding Socialist Democratic Front.
1273:
1268:
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953:
875:
830:
665:
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334:
247:
155:
53:
1278:
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1223:
1163:
1018:
1003:
988:
948:
750:
715:
620:
585:
544:
337:
as head of the Janata-CFD coalition. Seeking to avoid a divisive contest, Janata leaders asked
228:
could suffer defeat. Consequently, Ram and his supporters resigned from the government and the
1143:
1133:
1098:
998:
963:
928:
1158:
1043:
780:
705:
695:
377:- "J" standing for "Jagjivan", which maintained a small presence in the Indian Parliament.
8:
1108:
1073:
938:
918:
815:
745:
740:
720:
700:
610:
539:
338:
993:
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840:
615:
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221:
131:
1253:
1218:
1148:
845:
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121:
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48:
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210:
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190:
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111:
65:
43:
36:
308:
In the 1977 elections, the Janata-CFD alliance won 298 seats, ousting the
250:
became the party general secretary. Other co-founders included the former
305:, it stated that it would maintain a separate organisation and identity.
1153:
575:
455:
1103:
820:
255:
471:
349:
and
Minister of Defence. H. N. Bahuguna joined the Cabinet as
274:
214:
239:
The
Congress for Democracy was launched on 2 February 1977.
146:(CFD) was an Indian political party founded in 1977 by
641:
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
201:. He had held various cabinet posts, and had served
1174:
Revolutionary
Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik)
220:Ram had stayed loyal to Indira after she imposed a
297:'s support was actively courted by the opposition
428:
369:, CFD politicians remained specifically loyal to
1291:
1254:Tipraha Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance
761:Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar
519:
289:Although the new party was mocked by Indira's
505:
265:, former Union Minister of State for Finance
258:), who later became Party President, former
243:became the president of the party and former
1069:Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement
969:Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra)
1209:Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
924:Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
686:Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party
512:
498:
333:was a leading candidate to become the new
1325:Indian National Congress breakaway groups
433:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 90–100.
1315:Political parties disestablished in 1977
1179:Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist)
766:Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party
581:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
1292:
1114:Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
826:Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)
591:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
456:"Janata as a Continuity of the System"
453:
1305:Political parties established in 1977
1064:Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party
1029:Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference
871:Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party
681:Jammu and Kashmir National Conference
493:
316:
1169:Republican Party of India (Athawale)
1074:Kerala Congress (Balakrishna Pillai)
676:Indigenous People's Front of Tripura
661:Hill State People's Democratic Party
454:Lieten, Georges Kristoffel (1980).
424:
422:
420:
418:
416:
414:
412:
410:
390:Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)
351:Minister of Petroleum and Chemicals
193:was a senior politician within the
13:
1300:Defunct political parties in India
1239:Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam
1184:Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
899:Ahila India Naadalum Makkal Katchi
550:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
170:and denounced her rule during the
14:
1336:
1229:Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)
606:All India United Democratic Front
365:Despite joining the ranks of the
209:. He was also the most prominent
1244:Tamizhaga Murpokku Makkal Katchi
1204:Social Democratic Party of India
1194:Shiromani Akali Dal (Democratic)
646:Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
407:
293:as the "Congress for Defectors"
284:
1320:1977 disestablishments in India
1119:Marxist Co-ordination Committee
1034:Jammu and Kashmir Workers Party
726:Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)
711:Janta Congress Chhattisgarh (J)
245:Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
1214:Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party
1199:Sikkim National People's Party
1039:Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
904:All India Rajakulathor Peravai
866:Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi
856:United People's Party, Liberal
736:Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party
447:
360:
347:Deputy Prime Minister of India
1:
1259:United Goans Democratic Party
1089:Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi
934:Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
914:Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam
806:Revolutionary Socialist Party
786:Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party
400:
1310:1977 establishments in India
1024:Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party
601:All India Trinamool Congress
232:in January 1977, denouncing
185:
176:1977 Indian general election
21:Political party in India
7:
1124:National Secular Conference
974:Desiya Makkal Sakthi Katchi
771:People's Party of Arunachal
383:
197:and had been a loyalist of
10:
1341:
909:Ambedkarite Party of India
796:Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
756:Nationalist Congress Party
731:Maharashtra Navnirman Sena
671:Indian Union Muslim League
521:Political parties in India
429:G. G. Mirchandani (2003).
217:politician in the nation.
207:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
182:and later merged with it.
174:. The party contested the
1139:Puratchi Bharatham Katchi
1049:Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)
1014:Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi
984:Gondwana Ganatantra Party
944:Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh
889:
861:Voice of the People Party
801:Revolutionary Goans Party
791:Rashtriya Lok Samta Party
776:People's Democratic Front
651:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
568:
527:
117:
107:
89:
71:
61:
35:
26:
1234:Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam
1084:Kerala Congress (Thomas)
836:Sikkim Krantikari Morcha
636:Communist Party of India
555:Indian National Congress
310:Indian National Congress
291:Indian National Congress
260:Chief Minister of Orissa
252:Chief minister of Mysore
236:and her Emergency rule.
230:Indian National Congress
226:Indian National Congress
203:India's defence minister
195:Indian National Congress
164:Indian National Congress
1274:Vikassheel Insaan Party
1269:Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi
1079:Kerala Congress (Jacob)
954:Communist Marxist Party
881:Zoram People's Movement
876:Zoram Nationalist Party
851:United Democratic Party
831:Sikkim Democratic Front
666:Indian National Lok Dal
631:Bodoland People's Front
596:All India N.R. Congress
560:National People's Party
335:Prime Minister of India
248:Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna
156:Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna
54:Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna
1279:Welfare Party of India
1264:Uttarakhand Kranti Dal
1249:Telangana Jana Samithi
1224:Swatantra Bharat Paksh
1164:Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
1019:Indian National League
1004:Hindustani Awam Morcha
989:Gorkha Janmukti Morcha
949:Bharatiya Tribal Party
716:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
621:Bharat Rashtra Samithi
586:All India Forward Bloc
545:Bharatiya Janata Party
150:. It was formed after
144:Congress for Democracy
95:; 47 years ago
77:; 47 years ago
29:Congress for Democracy
18:Indian political party
1144:Puthiya Needhi Katchi
1134:Pattali Makkal Katchi
1099:Loktantrik Janata Dal
999:Hindustan Janta Party
964:Democratic Azad Party
1159:Rashtriya Lok Morcha
1044:Jannayak Janta Party
781:Rashtriya Janata Dal
706:Jannayak Janta Party
696:Janata Dal (Secular)
75:2 February 1977
1109:Makkal Needhi Maiam
939:Bahujan Mukti Party
919:Gana Suraksha Party
816:Shiromani Akali Dal
751:Naga People's Front
746:Naam Tamilar Katchi
741:Mizo National Front
721:Kerala Congress (M)
701:Janata Dal (United)
611:Apna Dal (Soneylal)
540:Bahujan Samaj Party
339:Jayaprakash Narayan
994:Hamro Sikkim Party
959:Congress (Secular)
841:Telugu Desam Party
616:Asom Gana Parishad
431:320 Million Judges
317:Merger with Janata
271:Dwarka Nath Tiwary
222:state of emergency
1287:
1286:
1219:Swabhimani Paksha
1149:Puthiya Tamilagam
846:Tipra Motha Party
656:Goa Forward Party
279:Raj Mangal Pandey
140:
139:
127:Political parties
122:Politics of India
1332:
1094:Lok Insaaf Party
528:National parties
514:
507:
500:
491:
490:
484:
483:
460:Social Scientist
451:
445:
444:
426:
263:Nandini Satpathy
172:Indian Emergency
160:Nandini Satpathy
108:Merged into
103:
101:
96:
85:
83:
78:
49:Kadidal Manjappa
24:
23:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1059:Jharkhand Party
1054:Jebamani Janata
979:Goa Vikas Party
891:
885:
811:Samajwadi Party
691:Jana Sena Party
626:Biju Janata Dal
564:
535:Aam Aadmi Party
523:
518:
488:
487:
472:10.2307/3520400
452:
448:
441:
427:
408:
403:
386:
363:
319:
287:
211:Scheduled Caste
188:
180:Janata alliance
136:
99:
97:
94:
93:5 May 1977
81:
79:
76:
31:
30:
22:
19:
12:
11:
5:
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1041:
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1016:
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956:
951:
946:
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931:
926:
921:
916:
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863:
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628:
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537:
531:
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494:
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466:(5/6): 14–35.
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404:
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385:
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362:
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318:
315:
286:
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269:, former M.P.
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1035:
1032:
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1027:
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1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1009:Ikkjutt Jammu
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
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574:
573:
571:
569:State parties
567:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
530:
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440:81-7017-061-3
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342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:Morarji Desai
314:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
285:1977 election
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
261:
257:
253:
249:
246:
242:
237:
235:
234:Indira Gandhi
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
199:Indira Gandhi
196:
192:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
168:Indira Gandhi
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
133:
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70:
67:
64:
60:
55:
52:
50:
47:
45:
42:
41:
40:
38:
34:
25:
16:
1189:Shiv Sangram
1129:NISHAD Party
890:Unrecognized
463:
459:
449:
430:
395:Janata Party
379:
375:Congress (J)
371:Jagjivan Ram
367:Janata Party
364:
355:Janata Party
343:
331:Jagjivan Ram
327:Charan Singh
320:
313:government.
307:
303:Janata party
299:Janata party
295:Jagjivan Ram
288:
267:K. R. Ganesh
241:Jagjivan Ram
238:
219:
191:Jagjivan Ram
189:
152:Jagjivan Ram
148:Jagjivan Ram
143:
141:
112:Janata Party
66:Jagjivan Ram
44:Jagjivan Ram
15:
361:Post-Janata
321:Along with
277:politician
205:during the
1294:Categories
1154:Raijor Dal
576:AJSU Party
401:References
100:1977-05-05
82:1977-02-02
1104:Mahan Dal
821:Shiv Sena
480:0970-0293
256:Karnataka
186:Formation
178:with the
162:left the
132:Elections
90:Dissolved
929:Apna Dal
384:See also
892:parties
98: (
80: (
72:Founded
62:Founder
478:
437:
275:Bihari
158:, and
37:Leader
254:(Now
215:Dalit
476:ISSN
435:ISBN
325:and
273:and
142:The
468:doi
213:or
166:of
1296::
474:.
462:.
458:.
409:^
357:.
329:,
281:.
154:,
513:e
506:t
499:v
482:.
470::
464:9
443:.
102:)
84:)
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