1853:
be submitted to the qualified electors in a special referendum, but if the concurrent resolution is approved by not less than three-fourths of the total number of members of which each house is composed, the
Legislative Assembly may provide that the referendum shall be held at the same time as the next general election. Each proposed amendment shall be voted on separately and not more than three proposed amendments may be submitted at the same referendum. Every proposed amendment shall specify the terms under which it shall take effect, and it shall become a part of this Constitution if it is ratified by a majority of the electors voting thereon.
148:
4556:
635:
119:
847:
31:
1160:. It declares that the source of the power of the government emanates from the people. The following three sections of the Article establish the Republican form of government of the unincorporated territory, divided into three branches (legislative, executive and judicial) and specifies the territorial jurisdiction of the document as well as the seat of the new government, which shall be the city of
1124:; the co-existence in Puerto Rico of the two great cultures of the American Hemisphere; our fervor for education; our faith in justice; our devotion to the courageous, industrious, and peaceful way of life; our fidelity to individual human values above and beyond social position, racial differences, and economic interests; and our hope for a better world based on these principles.
1133:. However, it has the similarity that the preamble neither grants any powers nor inhibits any actions; it only explains the rationale behind the Constitution. Yet, it specifically details the determining factors that the Puerto Rican people have chosen as the basis for their new government. It also establishes the Constitution's loyalty to the
1332:. These two sentences have traditionally been interpreted by scholars as granting an unlimited number of rights, since anything that violates the dignity of a human being will be deemed unconstitutional. However, the remainder of the section concretely establishes the kinds of discriminations that are outlawed.
1852:
Article 7 established the rules to perform amendments to the constitution, the
Legislative Assembly may propose amendments to this Constitution by a concurrent resolution approved by not less than two-thirds of the total number of members of which each house is composed. All proposed amendments shall
1085:
We, the people of Puerto Rico, in order to organize ourselves politically on a fully democratic basis, to promote the general welfare, and to secure for ourselves and our posterity the complete enjoyment of human rights, placing our trust in
Almighty God, do ordain and establish this Constitution for
1843:
Article Six authorizes the
Legislative Assembly to create, abolish, consolidate and reorganize municipalities; to change their territorial limits; to determine their organization and functions; and to authorize them to develop programs for the general welfare and to create any agencies necessary for
1572:
This section stresses out that the civil rights and liberties outlined in this Bill of Rights do not constitute an exclusive list thereof; others may exist. In other words, just because a civil right is not listed here, does not mean that the people do not have it. This is a safeguard against strict
1316:
In order to comply with the requirements of Public Law 600, the framers of the
Constitution of Puerto Rico decided to draft an extensive list of rights which were then organized into a whole Article of the constitutional document. It is divided into nineteen sections, each one listing one or several
1566:
The foregoing enumeration of rights shall not be construed restrictively nor does it contemplate the exclusion of other rights not specifically mentioned which belong to the people in a democracy. The power of the
Legislative Assembly to enact laws for the protection of the life, health and general
729:
authorized Puerto Rico to draft its own constitution with a law passed in 1950. The
Constitutional Assembly met for a period of several months between 1951 and 1952 in which the document was written. The law required the framers to follow only two basic requirements: a republican form of government
792:. The argument made by the U.S. Supreme Court was interpreted by many as an affirmation of a severely diminished capacity of the constitutional stature that the Puerto Rican government had. This was the same idea of stature that the Puerto Rican government has had for nearly seven decades. Justice
1553:
Section
Seventeen creates the fundamental right of employees, private and public, to organize themselves into associations and to negotiate with their employers. Section Eighteen also declares a fundamental right for employers to go on strike. However, the section ends by stating; "Nothing herein
1432:
The right to life, liberty and the enjoyment of property is recognized as a fundamental right of man. The death penalty shall not exist. No person shall be deprived of his liberty or property without due process of law. No person in Puerto Rico shall be denied the equal protection of the laws. No
1065:
The assembly held 62 sessions between
September 17, 1951, and February 6, 1952, approving the constitution within the assembly two days before concluding their affairs on February 4, 1952. The constitution was then overwhelmingly approved a month later by the people of Puerto Rico in a referendum
741:
and the
President approved it, but required that the Article II (Bill of Rights), Section 20 (guaranteeing the right to education and various economic rights) be stricken and that language be added to Section 3 of Article VII allowing non-governmental schools. On July 10, 1952, the Constitutional
1470:
No law shall be enacted authorizing condemnation of printing presses, machinery or material devoted to publications of any kind. The buildings in which these objects are located may be condemned only after a judicial finding of public convenience and necessity pursuant to procedure that shall be
1639:
Article Four was also very loose regarding the rules overseeing each house, establishing that each house must be the sole judge of the election, returns and qualifications of its members, that each house must choose its own officers, and that each house must adopt rules for its own proceedings
1860:
By Resolution number 34, approved by the Constitutional Convention and ratified in the Referendum held on November 4, 1952, the following new sentence was added to section 3 of article VII: "Any amendment or revision of this constitution shall be consistent with the resolution enacted by the
796:
stated that the ruling in the case of 'Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle' was confined solely to the corresponding issue of double jeopardy within a criminal case, not to the whole of Puerto Rico's political status. Still, the outcome fueled a debate regarding the current nature of the political
787:
Clause bars Puerto Rico and the United States from successively prosecuting a single person for the same conduct under equivalent criminal laws. The Supreme Court ruling stated that, at least in the cases related to criminal offenses, sovereignty of Puerto Rico ultimately resides in the
1513:
It also establishes that in all trials of felony the accused shall enjoy of a jury of twelve peers who render a verdict by majority vote in which no less than nine shall concur. Also, the section creates the right against self-incrimination as well as the prohibition of
1119:
We consider as determining factors in our life our citizenship of the United States of America and our aspiration continually to enrich our democratic heritage in the individual and collective enjoyment of its rights and privileges; our loyalty to the principles of the
782:
incited a debate regarding the nature of the relationship established by the 1950 and 1952 legislation, allegedly breaching the compact between the United States and the People of Puerto Rico. The debate was fueled when the Supreme Court decided that the
1111:
We understand that the democratic system of government is one in which the will of the people is the source of public power, the political order is subordinate to the rights of man, and the free participation of the citizen in collective decisions is
771:
clarified that the purpose of Congress in the 1950 and 1952 legislation was to accord to Puerto Rico the degree of autonomy and independence normally associated with a State of the Union. However, on June 9, 2016, as an outcome of the case known as
1413:
Section Five establishes the right to an education. It also mandates the establishment of a non-sectarian and free educational system for the commonwealth. The section also establishes that education will be compulsory for elementary school,
4677:
1337:
No discrimination shall be made on account of race, color, sex, birth, social origin or condition, or political or religious ideas. Both the laws and the system of public education shall embody these principles of essential human
1453:
clauses. Third, it includes a contract clause for the jurisdiction of the commonwealth. Finally, the sections guarantees that a minimum amount of the property owned by individuals will be exempt from government possession.
1471:
provided by law, and may be taken before such a judicial finding only when there is placed at the disposition of the publication an adequate site in which it can be installed and continue to operate for a reasonable time.
2164:
1820:
1352:
Section 2. The laws shall guarantee the expression of the will of the people by means of equal, direct and secret universal suffrage and shall protect the citizen against any coercion in the exercise of the electoral
4657:
4520:
3045:
3040:
1550:. It prohibits the employment of children of less than fourteen years on jobs that may be "prejudicial to their health or morals". It also guarantees that no children under the age of sixteen shall be kept in jail.
3050:
2191:
3035:
3010:
3076:
1457:
Section Eight declares that every person has the right to be protected by law against attacks on their honor, reputation and private or family life. This section has been interpreted as creating a general
1075:
1844:
that purpose. It also authorizes the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to impose and collect taxes and to authorize their imposition and collection by municipalities, as determined by the Legislative Assembly.
1380:, a clause that is not found in the United States' Constitution but, rather, it is assumed and interpreted to exist. Section three leaves no doubt about the existence of such separation in Puerto Rico.
742:
Convention of Puerto Rico reconvened and approved a resolution accepting those conditions, which were later ratified in a referendum held in November 1952, by the electorate. On July 25, 1952, Governor
4662:
1573:
literal interpretations of the constitution with which the people will be denied all the rights not specifically listed here, such as a right to travel between districts at their own leisure (see
1508:, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation and to have a copy thereof, to be confronted with the witnesses against him, to have assistance of counsel, and to be presumed innocent.
405:
387:
2217:
1554:
contained shall impair the authority of the Legislative Assembly to enact laws to deal with grave emergencies that clearly imperil the public health or safety or essential public services."
4530:
4652:
1640:
appropriate to legislative bodies. This, in essence, gives broad powers to each house on how to structure itself and which procedures it must follow. It, however, established the posts of
695:. It is composed of nine articles detailing the structure of the government as well as the function of several of its institutions. The document also contains an extensive and specific
1628:
so that they remain practicable, and divided upon the basis of population and means of communication. It also established how the number of members of each house must increase when a
369:
4705:
4667:
1408:
No law shall be made abridging the freedom of speech or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
4710:
4700:
4647:
4617:
2293:
1017:
1785:
4515:
4385:
4637:
4632:
4627:
3145:
1773:
396:
378:
3112:
4577:
1002:
962:
4592:
4587:
4455:
4227:
4189:
764:
of the United States Constitution as still controlling over Puerto Rico. Under this clause, the United States Congress is the recognized sovereign of the island.
717:
The United States maintains ultimate sovereignty over Puerto Rico. Under this Constitution, Puerto Rico officially identifies as the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
952:
122:
1856:
The section 3 indicates that no amendment to this Constitution shall alter the republican form of government established by it or abolish its bill of rights.*
1765:
1749:
1645:
360:
217:
1371:
No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. There shall be complete separation of church and state.
2987:
2059:
1931:
1433:
laws impairing the obligation of contracts shall be enacted. A minimum amount of property and possessions shall be exempt from attachment as provided by law.
937:
2955:
1632:
obtains more than two thirds of the seats in one or both houses. This was done in order to reduce the likelihood of one party having absolute control over
340:
314:
227:
1424:
Section Six declares the right of the people to organize themselves in associations, except if the associations are military or quasi-military in nature.
957:
262:
2944:
1477:
296:
2886:
1037:: 7 which dealt with constitutional matters and 3 which dealt with the assembly's internal operations. The constitutional committees were as follows:
1816:
1699:
1558:
1384:
1012:
666:
195:
4687:
3465:
3138:
3020:
1808:
3030:
3025:
997:
4749:
756:
A continuing debate has dealt with the legal status of Puerto Rico under the Federal Government of the United States. Certain decisions by the
2028:
750:, despite the conditions established by Congress, proclaimed that, henceforth, Sec. 20 would be deemed by his administration to be in effect.
4194:
4682:
4242:
3498:
3455:
868:
734:
355:
1702:. The article establishes the term length of the governor and the requirements to hold such post, as well as establishing the governor as
3131:
1792:
700:
232:
2412:
1438:
First, Section Seven establishes that the right to life is fundamental in Puerto Rico. Because of this, the section determines that the
4597:
1130:
323:
305:
1420:
no public property or public funds shall be used for the support of schools or educational institutions other than those of the state.
4759:
4303:
3579:
3511:
2980:
2146:
1911:
591:
242:
4365:
4350:
4032:
3092:
1781:
456:
273:
1480:. It establishes that persons shall be protected against "unreasonable searches and seizures". It explicitly prohibits the use of
1906:
1742:
1719:
1602:
814:
726:
531:
488:
351:
4440:
1886:
1753:
1641:
912:
806:
536:
466:
287:
222:
4510:
1891:
1777:
1726:
1682:
in order to become law. The article also established the exclusive powers of each house, as well as establishing the post of
908:
659:
237:
1543:. It also prohibits public officials to receive gifts from foreign powers without the approval of the Legislative Assembly.
4744:
4612:
4049:
4007:
3896:
3842:
3213:
2973:
1761:
1675:
1614:
601:
550:
541:
461:
1678:
and returned therefrom with a written report, approved by the majority of which each house is composed, and signed by the
4375:
4017:
3997:
3627:
3609:
3154:
2649:
2623:
2597:
2571:
2545:
2519:
2493:
2467:
2441:
2386:
2360:
2334:
2308:
1926:
1757:
1715:
911:, 92 individuals were elected as delegates to a constitutional assembly on August 27, 1951. Of these, 70 belonged to the
269:
4754:
4602:
3647:
3622:
3589:
3559:
2054:
1769:
757:
611:
2782:
2756:
2730:
2704:
2675:
1648:
without any other specifics besides the title of the posts although interpretatively the article meant them to be the
4535:
4118:
3864:
3720:
3637:
3632:
3071:
2860:
2834:
2808:
2258:
1862:
1738:
1586:
1030:
894:
172:
876:
4199:
3642:
3584:
3491:
3437:
3429:
3097:
1941:
1629:
1610:
652:
554:
104:
4147:
4037:
3886:
3599:
3594:
3107:
2952:
2091:
2004:
1972:
1936:
1901:
1236:. It also establishes two fundamental declarations, that "the dignity of the human being is inviolable" and that
924:
586:
579:
471:
1022:
4272:
4232:
4179:
4042:
3881:
3742:
3698:
3564:
3445:
3363:
3328:
1377:
1272:
872:
606:
4722:
4128:
3801:
3774:
3574:
3403:
3308:
3268:
3066:
3015:
627:
513:
501:
476:
382:
1536:, which can only be suspended by the Legislative Assembly in time of "rebellion, insurrection or invasion."
4672:
4343:
4328:
4098:
4059:
3869:
3569:
3368:
3358:
3353:
3333:
2894:
2129:
1804:
1574:
1302:
977:
920:
774:
433:
318:
2953:
Statement by the President Upon Signing Bill Approving the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
300:
4450:
4217:
4169:
3484:
3283:
3198:
2116:
1921:
1866:
1450:
1201:
which provided for the people of Puerto Rico to adopt a constitution of their own which had to include a
821:
representatives by district elections and reducing the number of representatives from 51 to 45. Governor
596:
2218:"Pierluisi favorece limitar términos del gobernador pero rechaza posibilidad del referéndum revocatorio"
747:
4425:
4184:
4108:
4085:
3398:
3318:
3313:
3188:
2273:
2103:
2078:
1991:
1959:
1711:
1707:
1683:
1189:
1121:
1086:
the commonwealth which, in the exercise of our natural rights, we now create within our union with the
916:
282:
212:
4607:
2165:"JosĂ© "Conny" Varela anuncia vistas pĂșblicas sobre posibles enmiendas a la ConstituciĂłn | Legislatura"
1007:
4622:
4545:
4490:
4460:
4380:
3984:
3730:
3408:
3373:
3278:
3253:
1359:
1237:
249:
1301:
There are a number of variations that make the Puerto Rico Bill of Rights distinct from that of the
753:
In 1960, 1961, 1964 and 1970 voters approved amendments to the constitution in various referendums.
4525:
4500:
4475:
4435:
4420:
4390:
4174:
3951:
3874:
3811:
3725:
3661:
3393:
3343:
3323:
3298:
3288:
3273:
3263:
3248:
3228:
3203:
3193:
3183:
1916:
1633:
1618:
1521:
Section Twelve outlaws slavery and involuntary servitude, unless duly convicted. It also prohibits
1261:
857:
451:
426:
3806:
3779:
1803:
Article Five describes the powers, structure, functions, responsibilities, and legal scope of the
1694:
Article Four describes the powers, structure, functions, responsibilities, and legal scope of the
805:
In 1994 and 2012 constitutional amendments were proposed but these were unsuccessful. In 2021 the
309:
147:
4540:
4480:
4445:
4400:
4336:
4257:
4159:
4113:
4022:
4002:
3972:
3735:
3413:
3388:
3293:
3233:
3208:
3178:
3168:
1824:
1695:
1679:
1265:
861:
704:
202:
138:
932:
4495:
4485:
4465:
4410:
4405:
4395:
4296:
4209:
4133:
4123:
4073:
3747:
3673:
3617:
3554:
3519:
3348:
3303:
3243:
3218:
3173:
1664:
1660:
1609:. It also established the composition of each house, and that Puerto Rico must be divided into
992:
982:
947:
789:
738:
391:
79:
36:
2250:
1156:
establishes the new government for the unincorporated territory, which shall bear the name of
4582:
4470:
4415:
4277:
4237:
4054:
3789:
3378:
3258:
3223:
2063:
1832:
1734:
1594:
1533:
1161:
987:
743:
707:
508:
278:
84:
1655:
The article also established that the sessions of each house must be open, what constitutes
967:
546:
373:
4505:
4430:
4312:
4267:
4262:
4247:
4164:
4090:
3852:
3450:
3383:
3338:
3238:
1880:
1812:
1625:
1392:
1358:
Section Three is the religious clause of the Constitution of Puerto Rico. It prohibits the
1257:
1213:
1181:
291:
2142:
8:
4564:
4252:
4103:
3943:
3935:
3904:
1636:, as these require at least two thirds of the vote of each house in order to be enacted.
1396:
1363:
1217:
1209:
207:
2246:
Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics: Hispanic Americans and Native Americans
810:
400:
344:
4317:
4027:
4012:
3917:
3796:
3784:
3544:
2066:
1896:
1828:
1730:
1703:
1540:
1526:
1446:
1318:
1225:
779:
768:
761:
746:
proclaimed that the constitution was in effect. In a speech on July 25, 2013, Governor
733:
The proposed constitution was approved overwhelmingly by nearly 82% of the voters in a
182:
165:
3816:
3123:
1240:. It also prohibits several discriminations, namely discrimination made on account of
409:
2254:
2192:"Proponen mĂĄs cambios a la ConstituciĂłn: incluyen aumentar el salario del gobernador"
1481:
1400:
1388:
1280:
1229:
1221:
942:
830:
481:
3681:
4222:
3927:
3703:
3423:
2282:
2112:
2087:
2000:
1968:
1459:
1295:
1283:
1198:
1173:
711:
684:
2916:
972:
364:
3752:
2959:
2244:
1515:
1264:. The bill even took a step further by declaring such principles as essential to
822:
784:
639:
3909:
3686:
829:
for legislators but has expressed opposition to proposals for the creation of a
3767:
3757:
3713:
3539:
1624:
The article also established a board that must revise the districts after each
1489:
1485:
1276:
1233:
1202:
1104:
The democratic system is fundamental to the life of the Puerto Rican community;
696:
327:
2965:
4738:
3102:
1522:
1439:
1344:
1291:
1287:
1172:
Article Two of the Constitution of Puerto Ricoâtitled as the Bill of Rights (
1087:
927:(PIP) abstained from participating. The following is a list of the delegates:
566:
4358:
1271:
The Bill of Rights also establishes explicitly that there shall be complete
3922:
3762:
3691:
2294:
s:Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico#ARTICLE II BILL OF RIGHTS
1505:
1501:
1129:
The Preamble of the Constitution of Puerto Rico is more extensive than the
797:
relationship established between Puerto Rico and United States of America.
335:
56:
1500:
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to have a
3549:
3507:
1606:
1598:
1547:
1310:
1249:
1185:
826:
793:
692:
331:
1465:
Section Nine creates more liberties for the press. It establishes that:
634:
3476:
2887:"Federal Relations Act (FRA) codified on U.S. Code Title 48, Chapter 4"
2095:
2008:
1976:
1865:, with the Puerto Rican Federal Relations Act and with Public Law 600,
1671:
1306:
1034:
126:
1795:, establishing the Secretary of State as first in line of succession.
1780:. The Department of Agriculture and Commerce was later renamed to the
1427:
Section Seven contain several important fundamental rights. It reads;
813:
began a discussion over amending the constitution. The speaker of the
4569:
1590:
1033:
of the current commonwealth of Puerto Rico, established 10 permanent
1567:
welfare of the people shall likewise not be construed restrictively.
846:
710:
proclaimed that the constitution was in effect. July 25 is known as
4555:
3708:
2699:
2697:
2436:
2434:
2303:
2301:
1670:
Article Four also established the parliamentary procedure to enact
1649:
818:
3534:
1811:. The article also establishes that the Supreme Court must be the
1495:
Section Eleven is primarily devoted to the rights of the accused.
30:
16:
Constitution of the commonwealth and unincorporated U.S. territory
2694:
2431:
2298:
1847:
2150:
1656:
1245:
1241:
1057:
Committee on the Transitional Provisions of the General Affairs
1042:
Committee on the Preamble, Ordinances, and Amendment Procedures
2893:. Cornell University Law School. July 25, 1952. Archived from
1376:
The last sentence specifically and concretely establishes the
1253:
2143:"Puerto Rico v. Valle, 579 U.S. ___ (2016): Opinion (Kagan)"
1305:. For instance in Puerto Rico they do not have the right to
1823:. It also establishes that judges must be appointed by the
1442:
will not exist under the jurisdiction of the commonwealth.
2099:
2012:
1980:
1791:
The article also established the first steps towards the
1145:
The remainder of the document consists of nine articles:
4359:
Constitutions of states and dependencies in the Americas
1674:, namely that they must be printed, read, referred to a
3153:
2029:"ÂżCuĂĄntas enmiendas se le han hecho a la ConstituciĂłn?"
1710:. It also establishes that the governor must present a
1416:
to the extent permitted by the facilities of the state.
1317:
rights which are deemed fundamental under Puerto Rican
1752:, namely the departments of Agriculture and Commerce,
1729:, and that all secretaries must be appointed with the
907:
Twelve weeks after the people of Puerto Rico approved
1932:
United Nations list of non-self-governing territories
817:
proposed increasing the governor's salary, replacing
689:
ConstituciĂłn del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico
49:
ConstituciĂłn del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico
2917:"U.S. Code Title 48, Chapter 4, Subchapter I, § 731"
2149:from the original on December 11, 2023 – via
1580:
1234:
freedom from warrants issued without probable cause
2274:
2242:
2104:
2079:
1992:
1960:
1838:
1478:Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
1190:
2026:
1700:executive branch of the government of Puerto Rico
1559:Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution
1385:First Amendment to the United States Constitution
1060:Committee on the Editorial, Style, and Enrollment
1029:The delegates, which would eventually become the
699:. It was ratified by Puerto Rico's electorate in
4736:
4190:Puerto Ricans in the United States Space Program
1809:judicial branch of the government of Puerto Rico
1689:
1148:
2995:
2189:
1798:
1786:Department of Commerce and Economic Development
1140:
909:to write their own constitution in a referendum
681:Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
123:Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
24:Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
1167:
4344:
3492:
3139:
2981:
1848:Article Seven: Amendments to the Constitution
1741:which requires the advice and consent of the
1326:the dignity of the human being is inviolable'
1275:, and that Puerto Rico must have a system of
1208:The bill enumerates several freedoms, namely
660:
47:
4678:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
2190:Rivera Clemente, Yaritza (August 23, 2021).
1659:, and where should they meet, namely in the
1309:but they do have direct protections against
1226:freedom from unreasonable search and seizure
691:) is the controlling government document of
356:30th House of Representatives of Puerto Rico
1793:Puerto Rico governmental line of succession
1076:Preamble of the Constitution of Puerto Rico
875:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4351:
4337:
3499:
3485:
3146:
3132:
2988:
2974:
2119:and officially proclaimed on July 25, 1952
1131:Preamble to the United States Constitution
667:
653:
29:
1912:Proposed political status for Puerto Rico
1324:Section One begins by establishing that '
895:Learn how and when to remove this message
3506:
1788:was created by extraconstitutional law.
274:17th Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico
1720:Budget of the Government of Puerto Rico
4737:
2249:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
1887:Federal tribunals in the United States
1869:, adopted in the nature of a compact".
1748:Article Four also established several
1718:each year, as well as a report on the
1539:Section Fourteen prohibits the use of
800:
537:United States House of Representatives
35:Exhibition of the Constitution at the
4750:Constitutions of country subdivisions
4332:
4195:Puerto Rican scientists and inventors
3480:
3127:
2969:
1892:Index of Puerto Rico-related articles
1418:The section further establishes that
1188:. The Bill of Rights was mandated by
2022:
2020:
1815:, and that it must be composed by a
1383:Section Four is very similar to the
873:adding citations to reliable sources
840:
542:Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico
3155:State constitutions (United States)
2027:Comunicaciones_MJ (July 24, 2020).
1927:Special Committee on Decolonization
1557:Section Nineteen is similar to the
1484:. Furthermore, it declares that no
1048:Committee on the Legislative Branch
836:
735:popular referendum on March 3, 1952
730:and inclusion of a Bill of Rights.
13:
3590:Tibes Indigenous Ceremonial Center
3098:Commonwealths of the United States
2279:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
2109:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
2084:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
2055:Examining Board v. Flores de Otero
1997:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
1965:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
1784:, while several decades later the
1577:), or the right to travel abroad.
1330:all men are equal before the law.'
1195:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
758:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
4771:
3072:Constitution of the United States
2938:
2017:
1863:Constitution of the United States
1725:The article also establishes the
1585:The article establishes that the
1445:Second, the section contains the
1051:Committee on the Executive Branch
760:appeared to have interpreted the
4760:Political history of Puerto Rico
4554:
4521:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1942:Territories of the United States
1907:Privileges and Immunities Clause
1581:Article Three: Legislative power
1532:Section Thirteen guarantees the
1238:all men are equal before the law
1054:Committee on the Judicial Branch
845:
633:
146:
117:
3580:1950s Nationalist Party revolts
3108:Political status of Puerto Rico
2923:. Cornell University Law School
2909:
2879:
2853:
2827:
2801:
2775:
2749:
2723:
2668:
2642:
2616:
2590:
2564:
2538:
2512:
2486:
2460:
2405:
2379:
2353:
2327:
2287:
2267:
2236:
2210:
2145:. United States Supreme Court.
1937:United States territorial court
1902:Political status of Puerto Rico
1839:Article Six: General Provisions
1045:Committee on the Bill of Rights
925:Puerto Rican Independence Party
472:Puerto Rican Independence Party
107:in union with the United States
95:92 delegates from three parties
2183:
2157:
2135:
2122:
2072:
2047:
1985:
1953:
1476:Section Ten is similar to the
1378:separation of church and state
1273:separation of church and state
1:
1947:
1861:applicable provisions of the
1690:Article Four: Executive Power
1149:Article One: The Commonwealth
1137:of the Federal Constitution.
701:a referendum on March 3, 1952
628:Politics of the United States
514:Municipalities of Puerto Rico
228:Government-owned corporations
2130:Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle
1805:Supreme Court of Puerto Rico
1799:Article Five: Judicial Power
1343:Section Two establishes the
1230:security in personal effects
1141:Articles of the Constitution
1023:Ubaldino RamĂrez de Arellano
921:Puerto Rican Socialist Party
775:Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle
7:
4745:Constitution of Puerto Rico
3944:Puerto Rican crested anole
2997:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2921:Legal Information Institute
2891:Legal Information Institute
2865:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2839:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2813:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2787:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2761:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2735:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2709:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2680:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2654:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2628:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2602:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2576:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2550:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2524:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2498:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2472:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2446:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2417:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2391:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2365:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2339:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2313:Constitution of Puerto Rico
2243:Jeffrey D. Schultz (2000).
2117:82nd United States Congress
1922:Sovereigntism (Puerto Rico)
1873:
1706:of the militia, namely the
1652:of their respective house.
1546:Section Fifteen deals with
1168:Article Two: Bill of Rights
1158:Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
1069:
10:
4776:
1712:State of the State address
1708:Puerto Rico National Guard
1286:. It also establishes the
1254:social origin or condition
1073:
1018:Rubén Gaztambide Arrillaga
919:, while 7 belonged to the
917:Republican Statehood Party
915:(PPD), 15 belonged to the
720:
477:Citizen's Victory Movement
283:26th Senate of Puerto Rico
223:Fiscal agent and financing
173:United States Constitution
4755:Government of Puerto Rico
4696:
4663:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
4563:
4552:
4364:
4290:
4208:
4155:
4146:
4081:
4072:
3980:
3971:
3895:
3860:
3851:
3838:
3831:
3731:El Yunque National Forest
3669:
3660:
3608:
3527:
3518:
3436:
3422:
3161:
3093:Constitutional Convention
3085:
3059:
3003:
2650:"Article III, Section 22"
2624:"Article III, Section 21"
2598:"Article III, Section 19"
2572:"Article III, Section 17"
2546:"Article III, Section 15"
2520:"Article III, Section 13"
2494:"Article III, Section 12"
2468:"Article III, Section 11"
1782:Department of Agriculture
1634:constitutional amendments
1364:free exercise of religion
1360:establishment of religion
1182:the most important rights
592:Proposed political status
301:Larry Seilhamer RodrĂguez
116:
111:
99:
91:
75:
55:
43:
28:
23:
4683:Turks and Caicos Islands
4228:Buildings and structures
3456:Northern Mariana Islands
2945:Text of the Constitution
2442:"Article III, Section 9"
2413:"Article VII, Section 1"
2387:"Article III, Section 7"
2361:"Article III, Section 4"
2335:"Article III, Section 2"
2309:"Article III, Section 3"
2196:El Vocero de Puerto Rico
1917:Puerto Rican citizenship
1743:House of Representatives
1615:representative districts
1603:House of Representatives
1184:held by the citizens of
1097:In so doing, we declare:
1088:United States of America
913:Popular Democratic Party
815:House of Representatives
748:Alejandro GarcĂa Padilla
727:United States government
703:, and on July 25, 1952,
489:Political party strength
467:Popular Democratic Party
383:Gabriel RodrĂguez AguilĂł
352:House of Representatives
178:Puerto Rico Constitution
3736:Toro Negro State Forest
2783:"Article IV, Section 7"
2757:"Article IV, Section 6"
2731:"Article IV, Section 5"
2705:"Article IV, Section 2"
2676:"Article IV, Section 1"
1825:Governor of Puerto Rico
1696:Governor of Puerto Rico
1642:President of the Senate
1587:territorial legislature
1488:shall be issued unless
1066:held on March 3, 1952.
1008:Roberto SĂĄnchez Vilella
978:Miguel A. GarcĂa MĂ©ndez
319:Ăngel Chayanne MartĂnez
288:President of the Senate
139:Politics of Puerto Rico
4598:British Virgin Islands
2861:"Article V, Section 8"
2835:"Article V, Section 3"
2809:"Article V, Section 1"
1727:Council of Secretaries
1665:parliamentary immunity
1661:Capitol of Puerto Rico
1593:, and composed by the
1303:Federal Bill of Rights
1177:
983:Juan R. Garcia Delgado
948:Ernesto Ramos Antonini
790:United States Congress
739:United States Congress
688:
532:Federal representation
238:Office of the Governor
80:Capitol of Puerto Rico
63:; 72 years ago
48:
37:Capitol of Puerto Rico
4511:Saint Kitts and Nevis
4104:Operation "Bootstrap"
4055:Shadow representation
4050:Resident Commissioner
4008:Independence movement
3952:Unexpected snake eel
3565:Migration to New York
3560:Immigration to Hawaii
2958:July 4, 2015, at the
1867:Eighty-first Congress
1833:Senate of Puerto Rico
1750:executive departments
1735:Senate of Puerto Rico
1534:writ of habeas corpus
1387:. It establishes the
963:Heraclio Rivera ColĂłn
509:Mayors in Puerto Rico
462:New Progressive Party
310:Carmelo RĂos Santiago
297:President pro tempore
218:Executive departments
4018:Legislative Assembly
3936:Puerto Rican amazon
1881:Balzac v. Porto Rico
1813:court of last resort
1716:Legislative Assembly
1646:Speaker of the House
1393:freedom of the press
1214:freedom of the press
1122:Federal Constitution
1080:The Preamble reads:
933:Antonio FernĂłs Isern
869:improve this section
292:Thomas Rivera Schatz
4688:U.S. Virgin Islands
4531:Trinidad and Tobago
4376:Antigua and Barbuda
3905:Elfin woods warbler
3466:U.S. Virgin Islands
1617:for the purpose of
1397:freedom of assembly
1218:freedom of religion
1210:freedom of assembly
1003:RamĂłn Barreto PĂ©rez
923:. Members from the
801:Proposed amendments
640:Politics portal
370:Speaker pro tempore
4441:Dominican Republic
4119:Telecommunications
4043:Statehood movement
3918:Mona ground iguana
3797:Puerto Rico Trench
3768:Isleta de San Juan
3555:JonesâShafroth Act
3545:Intentona de Yauco
3113:Territorial Clause
2897:on October 7, 2009
1897:Law of Puerto Rico
1829:advice and consent
1821:Associate Justices
1739:Secretary of State
1731:advice and consent
1704:commander-in-chief
1663:. It also granted
1650:presiding officers
1541:titles of nobility
1527:bills of attainder
1447:due process of law
1319:constitutional law
968:Lino PadrĂłn Rivera
953:Fernando J. GĂ©igel
780:U.S. Supreme Court
769:U.S. Supreme Court
762:Territorial Clause
547:Jenniffer GonzĂĄlez
374:José Torres Zamora
243:Transition process
233:Line of succession
61:July 25, 1952
4732:
4731:
4326:
4325:
4286:
4285:
4142:
4141:
4068:
4067:
4033:Political parties
3967:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3928:Opalescent grunt
3827:
3826:
3807:Grande de Arecibo
3656:
3655:
3474:
3473:
3121:
3120:
3060:Related documents
2224:. August 23, 2021
2222:Metro Puerto Rico
2033:Microjuris al DĂa
1737:, except for the
1401:right to petition
1389:freedom of speech
1362:and protects the
1222:freedom of speech
993:Luis NegrĂłn LĂłpez
958:Francisco Anselmi
943:Celestino Iriarte
905:
904:
897:
831:recall referendum
677:
676:
526:Federal relations
457:Political Parties
392:UrayoĂĄn HernĂĄndez
132:
131:
4767:
4653:Saint Barthélemy
4613:Falkland Islands
4558:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4330:
4329:
4306:
4299:
4153:
4152:
4094:
4079:
4078:
4038:Political status
3988:
3978:
3977:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3913:
3858:
3857:
3836:
3835:
3667:
3666:
3595:Military history
3525:
3524:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3478:
3477:
3430:Washington, D.C.
3424:Federal district
3148:
3141:
3134:
3125:
3124:
3086:Related subjects
2990:
2983:
2976:
2967:
2966:
2962:, Truman Library
2949:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2913:
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2906:
2904:
2902:
2883:
2877:
2876:
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2768:
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2325:
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2280:
2276:
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2265:
2264:
2240:
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2231:
2229:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2171:. August 8, 2021
2161:
2155:
2154:
2139:
2133:
2126:
2120:
2115:ratified by the
2110:
2106:
2101:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2024:
2015:
2014:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1667:to its members.
1626:decennial census
1462:in Puerto Rico.
1460:right to privacy
1451:equal protection
1347:in Puerto Rico;
1296:right to liberty
1284:public education
1196:
1192:
1178:Carta de Derecho
1031:founding fathers
988:Luis Muñoz MarĂn
938:Augusto ValentĂn
900:
893:
889:
886:
880:
849:
841:
837:Founding fathers
811:Tatito HernĂĄndez
809:majority led by
744:Luis Muñoz MarĂn
712:Constitution Day
708:Luis Muñoz MarĂn
669:
662:
655:
638:
637:
580:Political status
401:Tatito HernĂĄndez
345:José Luis Dalmau
150:
134:
133:
121:
120:
71:
69:
64:
51:
33:
21:
20:
4775:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4706:Central America
4692:
4567:
4559:
4550:
4367:
4360:
4357:
4327:
4322:
4309:
4302:
4295:
4282:
4273:Public holidays
4204:
4138:
4092:
4064:
3986:
3959:
3953:
3945:
3937:
3929:
3911:
3891:
3847:
3823:
3812:Grande de Loiza
3748:Caja de Muertos
3652:
3604:
3600:Women's history
3514:
3505:
3475:
3470:
3432:
3418:
3157:
3152:
3122:
3117:
3081:
3055:
2999:
2994:
2960:Wayback Machine
2947:
2941:
2936:
2926:
2924:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2867:. July 25, 1952
2859:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2842:
2841:. July 25, 1952
2833:
2832:
2828:
2818:
2816:
2815:. July 25, 1952
2807:
2806:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2789:. July 25, 1952
2781:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2763:. July 25, 1952
2755:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2737:. July 25, 1952
2729:
2728:
2724:
2714:
2712:
2711:. July 25, 1952
2703:
2702:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2682:. July 25, 1952
2674:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2656:. July 25, 1952
2648:
2647:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2630:. July 25, 1952
2622:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2604:. July 25, 1952
2596:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2578:. July 25, 1952
2570:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2553:
2552:. July 25, 1952
2544:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2526:. July 25, 1952
2518:
2517:
2513:
2503:
2501:
2500:. July 25, 1952
2492:
2491:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2474:. July 25, 1952
2466:
2465:
2461:
2451:
2449:
2448:. July 25, 1952
2440:
2439:
2432:
2422:
2420:
2419:. July 25, 1952
2411:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2393:. July 25, 1952
2385:
2384:
2380:
2370:
2368:
2367:. July 25, 1952
2359:
2358:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2341:. July 25, 1952
2333:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2315:. July 25, 1952
2307:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2288:
2278:
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2025:
2018:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1964:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1876:
1850:
1841:
1801:
1692:
1630:political party
1583:
1516:double jeopardy
1449:as well as the
1262:religious ideas
1194:
1170:
1151:
1143:
1078:
1072:
1063:
1027:
1013:Roberto H. Todd
901:
890:
884:
881:
866:
850:
839:
823:Pedro Pierluisi
803:
785:Double Jeopardy
723:
673:
644:
632:
619:
618:
582:
572:
571:
527:
519:
518:
504:
494:
493:
482:Proyect Dignity
447:
439:
438:
429:
419:
418:
410:RamĂłn Luis Cruz
397:Minority Leader
379:Majority Leader
324:Minority Leader
306:Majority Leader
265:
255:
254:
198:
188:
187:
183:Puerto Rico law
168:
141:
118:
83:
67:
65:
62:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4773:
4763:
4762:
4757:
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4703:
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4668:Sint Eustatius
4665:
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4603:Cayman Islands
4600:
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4243:Colloquialisms
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3758:Isla de Cabras
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3682:BahĂa de Ponce
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3540:Grito de Lares
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3376:
3371:
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3364:South Carolina
3361:
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3351:
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3329:North Carolina
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
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3296:
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3276:
3271:
3266:
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3105:
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3069:
3067:Bill of Rights
3063:
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3057:
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2939:External links
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2016:
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1486:search warrant
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1374:
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1203:bill of rights
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697:bill of rights
675:
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587:Current status
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502:Municipalities
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328:Eduardo Bhatia
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4709:
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4099:Manufacturing
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4060:Supreme Court
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3843:Endemic flora
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3404:West Virginia
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3103:Insular Cases
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1307:trial by jury
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998:Mario Canales
996:
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973:Luis A. Ferré
971:
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863:
859:
854:This section
852:
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842:
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832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
798:
795:
791:
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777:
776:
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767:In 1976, the
765:
763:
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751:
749:
745:
740:
736:
731:
728:
718:
715:
713:
709:
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658:
656:
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641:
636:
631:
629:
626:
625:
623:
622:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
597:Sovereigntism
595:
594:
593:
590:
588:
585:
584:
581:
576:
575:
568:
567:Insular Cases
565:
556:
552:
548:
545:
544:
543:
540:
539:
538:
535:
534:
533:
530:
529:
523:
522:
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510:
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503:
498:
497:
490:
487:
483:
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475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
459:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
443:
442:
435:
434:Supreme Court
432:
431:
428:
423:
422:
411:
407:
406:Minority Whip
404:
402:
398:
395:
393:
389:
388:Majority Whip
386:
384:
380:
377:
375:
371:
368:
366:
365:Johnny MĂ©ndez
362:
359:
358:
357:
353:
350:
346:
342:
341:Minority Whip
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
322:
320:
316:
315:Majority Whip
313:
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307:
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128:
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90:
87:, Puerto Rico
86:
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60:
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27:
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4721:
4673:Sint Maarten
4658:Saint Martin
4642:
4565:Dependencies
4218:Architecture
4170:Demographics
3993:Constitution
3992:
3987:(government)
3923:Monito gecko
3763:Isla de Mona
3692:San Juan Bay
3687:MayagĂŒez Bay
3575:World War II
3535:Pre-Columbus
3461:Puerto Rico
3460:
3369:South Dakota
3359:Rhode Island
3354:Pennsylvania
3334:North Dakota
2996:
2948:(in English)
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2920:
2911:
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2895:the original
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2198:(in Spanish)
2195:
2185:
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2169:elvocero.com
2168:
2159:
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2128:
2124:
2100:July 3, 1950
2074:
2069: (1976).
2053:
2049:
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2035:(in Spanish)
2032:
2013:July 3, 1952
1987:
1981:July 3, 1950
1955:
1879:
1855:
1851:
1842:
1819:and several
1802:
1790:
1774:Public Works
1747:
1724:
1693:
1669:
1654:
1638:
1623:
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1571:
1565:
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1556:
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1531:
1520:
1512:
1506:public trial
1499:
1494:
1482:wire-tapping
1475:
1469:
1464:
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891:
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867:Please help
855:
825:has favored
804:
773:
766:
755:
752:
732:
724:
716:
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678:
602:Independence
336:Vargas Vidot
177:
162:Constitution
161:
105:commonwealth
18:
4643:Puerto Rico
4570:territories
4516:Saint Lucia
4451:El Salvador
4185:LGBT rights
4109:Real estate
4086:Agriculture
3998:Debt crisis
3726:Dry forests
3610:Immigration
3585:Vietnam War
3570:World War I
3550:Foraker Act
3508:Puerto Rico
3438:Territories
3284:Mississippi
3199:Connecticut
2927:January 18,
2901:January 18,
1684:Comptroller
1607:lower house
1599:upper house
1548:child labor
1311:wiretapping
1186:Puerto Rico
1154:Article One
827:term limits
794:Elena Kagan
693:Puerto Rico
332:Juan Dalmau
270:Legislature
263:Legislative
4739:Categories
4638:Montserrat
4633:Martinique
4628:Guadeloupe
4426:Costa Rica
4258:Literature
4093:(currency)
3865:Amphibians
3704:Crash Boat
3528:Chronology
3399:Washington
3319:New Mexico
3314:New Jersey
3189:California
2871:August 11,
2845:August 11,
2819:August 11,
2793:August 11,
2767:August 11,
2741:August 11,
2715:August 11,
2686:August 11,
2660:August 11,
2634:August 11,
2608:August 11,
2582:August 11,
2556:August 11,
2530:August 11,
2504:August 11,
2478:August 11,
2452:August 11,
2423:August 11,
2397:August 11,
2371:August 11,
2345:August 11,
2319:August 11,
2228:August 24,
2202:August 24,
2175:August 24,
2098:, enacted
2090:, 64
2039:August 24,
2011:, enacted
2003:, 66
1979:, enacted
1971:, 64
1948:References
1676:commission
1611:senatorial
1492:is shown.
1353:franchise.
1328:and that '
1294:, and the
1135:principles
1035:committees
612:Status quo
250:First Lady
127:Wikisource
68:1952-07-25
4711:Caribbean
4623:Greenland
4546:Venezuela
4491:Nicaragua
4461:Guatemala
4381:Argentina
4366:Sovereign
4175:Education
4129:Transport
3946:(reptile)
3817:Portugués
3662:Geography
3409:Wisconsin
3374:Tennessee
3279:Minnesota
3254:Louisiana
1831:from the
1827:with the
1754:Education
1745:as well.
1733:from the
1619:elections
1591:bicameral
1525:laws and
1338:equality.
1258:political
1244:, color,
1180:)â lists
885:July 2020
856:does not
607:Statehood
452:Elections
446:Elections
196:Executive
112:Full text
103:Create a
92:Author(s)
4578:Anguilla
4526:Suriname
4501:Paraguay
4476:Honduras
4436:Dominica
4421:Colombia
4391:Barbados
4313:Category
4200:Religion
4160:Abortion
4023:Military
4003:Governor
3973:Politics
3938:(parrot)
3887:Reptiles
3790:San Juan
3780:MayagĂŒez
3753:Desecheo
3714:Flamenco
3709:El Tuque
3628:Corsican
3512:articles
3394:Virginia
3344:Oklahoma
3324:New York
3299:Nebraska
3289:Missouri
3274:Michigan
3264:Maryland
3249:Kentucky
3229:Illinois
3204:Delaware
3194:Colorado
3184:Arkansas
3077:Preamble
3004:Articles
2956:Archived
2147:Archived
1874:See also
1778:Treasury
1680:governor
1601:and the
1589:must be
1575:propiska
1399:and the
1162:San Juan
1112:assured;
1070:Preamble
819:at large
705:Governor
427:Judicial
203:Governor
85:San Juan
76:Location
57:Ratified
4608:Curaçao
4593:Bonaire
4588:Bermuda
4541:Uruguay
4481:Jamaica
4456:Grenada
4446:Ecuador
4401:Bolivia
4386:Bahamas
4297:Outline
4248:Cuisine
4233:Casinos
4210:Culture
4148:Society
4134:Welfare
4124:Tourism
4091:Dollar
4074:Economy
3897:Endemic
3882:Mammals
3875:Vieques
3832:Ecology
3743:Islands
3721:Forests
3699:Beaches
3674:Barrios
3623:Chinese
3618:African
3520:History
3414:Wyoming
3389:Vermont
3294:Montana
3234:Indiana
3214:Georgia
3209:Florida
3179:Arizona
3169:Alabama
2275:Pub. L.
2105:Pub. L.
2080:Pub. L.
1993:Pub. L.
1961:Pub. L.
1762:Justice
1714:to the
1605:as the
1597:as the
1281:secular
1191:Pub. L.
1174:Spanish
877:removed
862:sources
737:. The
721:History
685:Spanish
361:Speaker
208:Cabinet
100:Purpose
66: (
4496:Panama
4486:Mexico
4466:Guyana
4411:Canada
4406:Brazil
4396:Belize
4368:states
4318:Portal
4278:Sports
4238:Cinema
4180:Health
4028:Police
3954:(fish)
3930:(fish)
3912:(frog)
3802:Rivers
3648:Jewish
3638:German
3633:French
3510:
3349:Oregon
3304:Nevada
3244:Kansas
3219:Hawaii
3174:Alaska
3162:States
2283:81â600
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2113:82â447
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2001:82â447
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1758:Health
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1657:quorum
1595:Senate
1502:speedy
1290:, the
1232:, and
1199:81â600
1197:
778:, the
279:Senate
4583:Aruba
4471:Haiti
4416:Chile
4304:Index
4268:Music
4263:Media
4165:Crime
3870:Birds
3853:Fauna
3785:Ponce
3678:Bays
3643:Irish
3379:Texas
3259:Maine
3224:Idaho
3046:Eight
3041:Seven
3021:Three
2092:Stat.
2062:
2005:Stat.
1973:Stat.
1770:State
1766:Labor
1672:bills
1256:, or
1250:birth
4648:Saba
4568:and
4506:Peru
4431:Cuba
4253:Flag
3451:Guam
3384:Utah
3339:Ohio
3239:Iowa
3051:Nine
3031:Five
3026:Four
2929:2010
2903:2010
2873:2013
2847:2013
2821:2013
2795:2013
2769:2013
2743:2013
2717:2013
2688:2013
2662:2013
2636:2013
2610:2013
2584:2013
2558:2013
2532:2013
2506:2013
2480:2013
2454:2013
2425:2013
2399:2013
2373:2013
2347:2013
2321:2013
2255:ISBN
2230:2021
2204:2021
2177:2021
2102:and
2064:U.S.
2041:2021
1644:and
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1279:and
1277:free
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860:any
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