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830:: ESA's Earth Explorers are smaller research missions dedicated to specific aspects of our Earth environment. Earth Explorer missions focus on research of the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere and the Earth's interior with the overall emphasis on learning more about the interactions between these components and the impact that human activity is having on natural Earth processes. The following two of the nine missions selected for implementation currently (as of 2020) contribute to Copernicus:
822:(2002–2012): launched in 2002, ESA's Envisat was the largest civilian Earth Observation spacecraft ever built. It carried sophisticated optical and radar instruments among which the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) and the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS). Envisat provided continuous observation and monitoring of the Earth's land, atmosphere, oceans and ice caps. After losing contact with the satellite on 8 April 2012, ESA formally announced the end of Envisat's mission on 9 May 2012.
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capacity to link directly data providers and the service providers because it is based on the principles of SEIS and INSPIRE. The implementation of INSPIRE is embedded in the synergies and meta-data standards that were used in GISC. Data and information aims to be managed as close as possible to its source in order to achieve a distributed system, by involving countries and existing capacities that maintain and operate the required observation infrastructure.
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1226:"The information provided by the Copernicus services can be used by end-users for a wide range of applications in a variety of areas. These include urban area management, sustainable development and nature protection, regional and local planning, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, health, civil protection, infrastructure, transport and mobility, as well as tourism".
913:(2008-2019): the OSTM/JASON-2 satellite provided precise measurements of ocean surface topography, surface wind speed, and wave height; as this type of measurement is a crucial requirement for the Copernicus Marine Services, the European Commission has included this type of mission in its latest communication on the future Copernicus Space Component as Sentinel-6.
413:" establishes priorities for the roll-out of GMES services in 2008, the initial focus being on land monitoring, marine monitoring and emergency response services, also known as Fast Track Services (FTS). Later services, also known as Pilot Services, are expected to address atmosphere monitoring, security and climate change.
904:: the Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) is a constellation of remote-sensing satellites. There have been eight satellites in the DMC-program; 3 are currently (as of 2020) active. The constellation provides emergency Earth imaging for disaster relief under the International Charter for Space and Major Disasters.
532:, the new data access, processing and visualization gateway of the Copernicus Programme is launched. Compared to the earlier Copernicus Open Science Hub, this portal now provides new API-s for data access and download (OData, STAC, openEO, Sentinel Hub), a web browser-based visualization and analysis interface (
1262:
Urban Atlas: Compiled from thousands of satellite photographs, the Urban Atlas provides detailed and cost-effective digital mapping, ensuring that city planners have the most up-to-date and accurate data available on land use and land cover. The Urban Atlas will enable urban planners to better assess
1033:
data are all data from sources other than Earth observation satellites. Consequently, all ground-based, air-borne, and ship/buoy-based observations and measurements that are needed to implement and operate the
Copernicus services are part of the in-situ component. In-situ data are indispensable; they
392:
the nature and scope of the "Security" component of GMES are defined as addressing prevention of and response to crises related to natural and technological risk, humanitarian aid and international cooperation, monitoring of compliance with international treaties for conflict prevention, humanitarian
289:
Its costs during 1998 to 2020 are estimated at €6.7 billion with around €4.3 billion spent in the period 2014 to 2020 and shared between the EU (67%) and ESA (33%) with benefits of the data to the EU economy estimated at €30 billion through 2030. ESA as a main partner has performed much of the design
1321:
In addition to the 27 Member States of the
European Union, the Copernicus programme allows for the participation at various scope for third country participation. This participation is conducted through agreements with the European Union. One has to distinguish those countries that contribute to the
476:
the
Commission presents its proposal for the next multiannual financial framework (MFF) corresponding to the period 2014-2020 (Communication "A Budget for Europe 2020"). In this document, the Commission proposes to foresee the funding of the GMES programme outside the multiannual financial framework
483:
The
Commission Communication on the "European Earth monitoring programme (GMES) and its operations (from 2014 onwards)" presents the commission's proposals for the future funding, governance and operations of the GMES programme for the period 2014–2020. In particular, the Commission proposes to opt
336:
Over a few decades, European and national institutions have made substantial R&D efforts in the field of Earth observation. These efforts have resulted in tremendous achievements but the services and products developed during this period had limitations that were inherent to R&D activities
1046:
Copernicus services are dedicated to the monitoring and forecasting of the Earth's subsystems. They contribute directly to the monitoring of climate change. Copernicus services also address emergency management (e.g. in case of natural disaster, technological accidents or humanitarian crises) and
860:: MetOp is Europe's first polar-orbiting satellite dedicated to operational meteorology. MetOp is a series of three satellites launched sequentially over 12 years from October 2006 to November 2018. The series provides data for both operational meteorology and climate studies until at least 2027.
241:
The objective for
Copernicus is to use vast amount of global data from satellites and from ground-based, airborne and seaborne measurement systems to produce timely and quality information, services and knowledge, and to provide autonomous and independent access to information in the domains of
1037:
GISC was undertaken with reference to other initiatives, such as INSPIRE (Infrastructure for
Spatial Information in the European Community) and SEIS (Shared Environmental Information System) as well as existing coordination and data exchange networks. The coordinated access to data retains the
558:
ESA is currently developing seven missions under the
Sentinel programme (Sentinel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5P, 5, 6). The Sentinel missions include radar and super-spectral imaging for land, ocean and atmospheric monitoring. Each Sentinel mission is based on a constellation of two satellites to fulfill and
745:
In preparation for the second-generation of
Copernicus (Copernicus 2.0), six High Priority Candidate "expansion" missions are currently being studied by ESA to address EU Policy and gaps in Copernicus user needs, and to increase the current capabilities of the Copernicus Space Component:
242:
environment and security on a global level in order to help service providers, public authorities and other international organizations improve the quality of life for the citizens of Europe. In other words, it pulls together all the information obtained by the
Copernicus environmental
96:
522:: the regulation (EU) 2021/696 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing the Union Space Programme entered into force establishing a budget of €5,421 billion under the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) corresponding to the period 2021-2027.
356:
Copernicus moved from R&D to operational services following a phased approach. Pre-operational services (Fast Track
Services and Pilot Services) were phased in between 2008 and 2010. Copernicus initial operations began in 2011. Copernicus became fully operational in 2014.
419:
the EC establishes the GMES Bureau, with the primary objective of ensuring the delivery of the priority services by 2008. Other objectives of the GMES Bureau are to address the issues of the GMES governance structure and the long-term financial sustainability of the
1269:: The Shared Environmental Information System (SEIS) is a collaborative initiative of the European Commission and the European Environment Agency (EEA) to establish together with the Member States an integrated and shared EU-wide environmental information system.
221:
The programme aims at achieving a global, continuous, autonomous, high quality, wide range Earth observation capacity. Providing accurate, timely and easily accessible information to, among other things, improve the management of the environment, understand and
878:: TerraSAR-X is an Earth observation satellite providing high quality topographic information. TerraSAR-X data has a wide range of applications (e.g. land use / land cover mapping, topographic mapping, forest monitoring, emergency response monitoring, and
1119:
The development of the pre-operational version of the services has been realised by a series of projects launched by the European Commission and partly funded through the EU's 7th Framework Programme (FP7). These projects were geoland2 (land),
6798:
597:
provides high-resolution optical imaging for land services (e.g. imagery of vegetation, soil and water cover, inland waterways and coastal areas). Sentinel-2 will also provide information for emergency services. All satellites launched aboard
869:: SPOT (Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre) consists of a series of earth observation satellites providing high-resolution images of the Earth. SPOT-4 and SPOT-5 include sensors called VEGETATION able to monitor continental ecosystems.
253:
One of the benefits of the Copernicus programme is that the data and information produced in the framework of Copernicus are made available free-of-charge to all its users and the public, thus allowing downstream services to be developed.
6804:
895:(SAR) sensors. Applications include seismic hazard analysis, environmental disaster monitoring and agricultural mapping. As of 2020, a second-generation of COSMO-SkyMed satellites (called Cosmo-Skymed 2nd generation) is under development.
233:, which aims to bolster the EU Space policy in the fields of Earth Observation, Satellite Navigation, Connectivity, Space Research and Innovation and supports investments in critical infrastructure and disruptive technologies.
5998:
1263:
risks and opportunities, ranging from the threat of flooding and the impact of climate change, to identifying new infrastructure and public transport needs. All cities in the EU will be covered by the Urban Atlas by 2011.
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Before the Sentinel missions provide data to Copernicus, numerous existing or planned space missions provide or will provide data useful to the provision of Copernicus services. These missions are often referred to as
967:, an American commercial vendor of space imagery and geospatial content, provides imagery from satellites with a true maximum resolution of up to 25 cm. The DigitalGlobe tasking constellation currently includes
1322:
budget and those that agree on exchanging data with the program. Many international partner countries get special access to Sentinel data in exchange for sharing in-situ data from their country. These states are:
369:
institutions involved in the development of space activities in Europe give birth to GMES through a declaration known as "The Baveno Manifesto". At that time, GMES stands for "Global Monitoring for Environmental
814:: the European Remote Sensing Satellite ERS-1 (1991–2000) was ESA's first Earth observation satellite. ERS-2 (1995–2011) provided data related to ocean surface temperature, winds at sea and atmospheric ozone.
8185:
1025:(EEA). Since 2014 EEA has been responsible for Copernicus In-Situ coordination under the Contribution Agreement between the EU (represented by the European Commission) and the EEA, signed 1 December 2014.
403:" introduces an Action Plan aimed at establishing a working GMES capacity by 2008. In 2004, a Framework Agreement is also signed between EC and ESA, thus providing the basis for a space component of GMES.
484:
for the creation of a specific GMES fund, similar to the model chosen for the European Development Fund, with financial contributions from all Member States, based on their gross national income (GNI).
491:
333:
The Copernicus programme was established by the Regulation (EU) No 377/2014 in 2014, building on the previous EU's Earth monitoring initiative GMES (established by Regulation (EU) No 911/2010 ).
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1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 with each Sentinel mission consisting of at least 2 satellites and some, such as Sentinel 1, 2 and 3, consisting of 4 satellites. They will also provide the instruments for
191:
891:: the COnstellation of small Satellites for the Mediterranean basin Observation is an Earth observation satellite system that consists of (in the 1st generation) four satellites equipped with
1272:
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Various conventions, treaties, agreements, memorandums, charters or declarations establishing and governing intergovernmental organisations or inter-agency bodies dealing with space affairs
6276:
9115:
1890:"Regulation (EU) No 911/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the European Earth monitoring programme (GMES) and its initial operations (2011 to 2013)"
47:
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941:
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1034:
are assimilated into forecasting models, provide calibration and validation of space-based information, and contribute to analysis or filling gaps not available from space sources.
529:
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1726:"Regulation (EU) No 377/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 establishing the Copernicus programme and repealing Regulation (EU) No 911/2010"
1217:
specifically dealt with the Security domain of Copernicus addressing topics such as Support to Intelligence and Early Warning and Support to Crisis Management Operations.
9475:
6726:
677:, launched 13 October 2017 by a Eurockot Rokot vehicle from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. The primary purpose of this mission is to reduce the data gap (especially
376:
the name is changed to "Global Monitoring for Environment and Security" (GMES), thus illustrating that the management of the environment also has security implications.
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510:. Budget provided a total of €4.3 billion, including €3.15 billion for ESA to cover operations of the satellite network and construction of the remaining satellites.
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944:, a French Earth Observation satellite operator that will provide hyperspectral and multispectral images with its planned Japetus constellation of 20 satellites.
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where ESA and EUMETSAT will also coordinate the delivery of data from upwards of 30 satellites that form the contributing satellite missions to Copernicus.
5400:
3194:
2107:
337:(e.g. lack of service continuity on the long-term). The idea for a global and continuous European Earth observation system was developed under the name of
9110:
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with missions observing land, atmospheric and oceanographic parameters). This comprises two types of satellite missions, ESA's six families of dedicated
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after the EU became directly involved in financing and development. It follows and greatly expands on the work of the previous €2.3 billion European
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1021:
GMES In-Situ Coordination (GISC) was a FP7 funded initiative, lasted for three years (January 2010 – December 2012) and was coordinated by the
516:: launch of Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich to enable the provision of high-precision and timely observations of the topography of the global ocean
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In-situ measurements (ground-based and airborne data-gathering networks providing information on oceans, continental surface and atmosphere);
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1990:
432:
official launch of the three FTS services and two Pilot services in their pre-operational version at the occasion of the GMES Forum held in
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2914:
2640:"@OpenStreetMapIt @Ale_Zena_IT Indeed, last OSM shapefile used in our maps production is from 11am today. Thank you for your precious help"
1201:. A second phase (MACC II) lasted until July 2014 allowing the now operational Copernicus atmospheric monitoring service (CAMS, see above).
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928:, a commercial satellite imagery provider whose goal is to image the entirety of the planet daily to monitor changes and pinpoint trends.
2012:
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1185:
started on 1 January 2009. The project addressed three main domains: civil protection, humanitarian aid and Security crises management.
935:
2522:"Challenges and Future Perspectives of Multi-/Hyperspectral Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing for Crop Water-Stress Detection: A Review"
1933:
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1085:
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257:
The services offered by Copernicus cover six main interacting themes: atmosphere, marine, land, climate, emergency and security.
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1959:"Interim Evaluation of the European Earth Monitoring Programme (GMES) and its initial Operations (2011-2013) - Final Report"
450:" establishes a basis for further discussions on the financing, operational infrastructure and effective management of GMES.
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the Community contribute to establishing by 2008 a European capacity for Global Monitoring for Environment and Security
183:
2085:
934:, a Germany-based commercial earth observation provider focussed on wildfire situational awareness, is delivering its
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provides all-weather, day and night radar imaging for land and ocean services. Both satellites launched aboard
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ESA and European Commission have established a budget for Copernicus Programme covering years 2014-2020 within
230:
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adoption of the European Space Policy Communication, recognising GMES as a major flagship of the Space Policy.
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494:– Mapping ("EMS-Mapping") is declared the first fully operational service within the GMES Initial Operations.
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922:: the Pléiades constellation consists of two satellites providing very high-resolution images of the Earth.
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revisit the coverage requirements for each mission, providing robust datasets for all Copernicus services.
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1259:: this initiative aims at building a European spatial data infrastructure beyond national boundaries.
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286:. Copernicus' theory of the heliocentric universe made a pioneering contribution to modern science.
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Discussions ongoing with: Argentina, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, China (part of Space Dialogue)
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started on 1 June 2009. The project continued and refined the products developed in the projects
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Other initiatives will also facilitate the development and functioning of Copernicus services:
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satellite was successfully launched on 25 April 2016. Mission declared as ended 3 August 2022.
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2499:"Thales Alenia Space proposals for the Copernicus project selected by European Space Agency"
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Services developed and managed by Copernicus and offered to its users and public in general.
246:, air and ground stations and sensors to provide a comprehensive picture of the "health" of
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3595:
3418:
3107:
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2533:
1846:"Earth-Observation Satellite and Einstein-Challenging Physics Experiment Launch Into Space"
1636:
1135:
started on 1 September 2008. The project covered a wide range of domains such as land use,
674:
291:
269:
1823:
382:
at the occasion of the Gothenburg Summit, the Heads of State and Government request that "
8:
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1128:(security). Most of these projects also contributed to the monitoring of Climate Change.
640:
603:
574:
460:" proposes a legal basis for the GMES programme and EC funding of its initial operations.
283:
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will also provide data for atmospheric composition monitoring. It will be embarked on a
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2821:
A video presenting the Copernicus programme is available on the Copernicus.eu website (
1613:
632:
provides ocean and global land monitoring services. Both satellites were launched by a
4525:
1124:(marine), SAFER (emergency response), MACC and its successor MACC II (atmosphere) and
1090:
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the European Earth Observation Programme (GMES) and its initial operations (2011-2013)
458:
the European Earth Observation Programme (GMES) and its initial operations (2011-2013)
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5327:
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2653:
GIGAS Methodology for comparative analysis of information and data management systems
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Gerhards, Max; Schlerf, Martin; Mallick, Kaniska; Udelhoven, Thomas (24 May 2019).
1911:
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Copernicus is one of three related initiatives that are the subject of the GIGAS (
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1934:"Industry view of the future of the Copernicus programme: key issues to address"
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1438:
1385:
1241:
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1144:
852:: the Meteosat Second Generation is a joint project between ESA and EUMETSAT.
842:(the measurement of the thickness of floating ice), launched on 8 April 2010.
667:
will provide data for atmospheric composition monitoring as a payload upon a
599:
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started on 1 January 2009. It covered themes such as maritime security,
7546:
5374:
European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
5057:
4676:
4649:
4428:
4079:
4071:
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2086:"Arianespace boosts Sentinel-1A Earth observation satellite into orbit"
1136:
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688:
664:
629:
594:
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192:
European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
1047:
security-related issues (e.g. maritime surveillance, border control).
775:: Copernicus Hyperspectral Imaging Mission for the Environment (CHIME)
9289:
9277:
9241:
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8507:
8133:
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7102:
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988:
931:
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678:
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and missions from other space agencies, called Contributing Missions;
243:
5357:
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
393:
and rescue tasks, peacekeeping tasks and surveillance of EU borders.
7304:
7268:
7150:
6498:
5283:
European Network of Civil Aviation Safety Investigation Authorities
5072:
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4808:
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3298:
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3122:
3087:
3056:
2801:
2304:
2035:
1479:
1125:
968:
848:
726:
699:
692:
668:
303:
299:
54:
external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
3137:
2628:
SatelliteObservation.net. 23 August 2023, retrieved 10 April 2024
2450:"Photos: Falcon 9 launches and lands at Vandenberg Air Force Base"
95:
8772:
8401:
7364:
7174:
6503:
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1939:. European Association of Remote Sensing Companies. November 2019
1572:
1412:
1365:
1297:
1256:
1214:
1121:
1029:
994:
818:
763:: High spatio-temporal resolution land surface temperature (LSTM)
713:
682:
350:
211:
1824:"ESA, Earth observation: first Copernicus satellite Sentinel 1A"
1306:) harmonization and analysis project under the auspices of the
836:(Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity), launched on 2 November 2009.
739:, is scheduled for launch in November 2025 by a SpaceX Falcon 9.
7388:
7316:
7280:
7208:
7162:
7126:
7114:
6976:
5742:
5167:
4423:
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1521:
1507:
1451:
1425:
1339:
984:
788:
723:
644:
437:
2465:"NASA Awards Launch Services Contract for Sentinel-6B Mission"
769:: Copernicus Polar Ice and Snow Topography Altimeter (CRISTAL)
9502:
9388:
7412:
7400:
7292:
7220:
7138:
6964:
6619:
6360:
5459:
Creation of the British National Committee for Space Research
5157:
4894:
European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications
4265:
3936:
3852:
3801:
3747:
3204:
3168:
3102:
3097:
3077:
3031:
2655:, OGC 10-028r1, A. Biancalana, P.G. Marchetti, P. Smits, 2010
1535:
1493:
1465:
1293:
1000:
856:
695:
636:
433:
247:
2776:
2571:[Mission over for the Sentinel-1B radar satellite].
8966:
8708:
8234:
7871:
7424:
7186:
6727:
International Space Station Multilateral Coordination Board
5361:
4398:
4373:
4353:
1621:
1301:
1209:
started on 1 January 2009. Together with the LIMES project
264:
The space component (observation satellites and associated
2036:"Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem | Europe's eyes on Earth"
6389:
5273:
Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications
2159:"Earth Observation Satellite Sentinel-2A Ready to Launch"
2111:
1237:(GEOSS) thus delivering geospatial information globally.
1646:
1173:, seasonal forecast, coastal activities, ice survey and
1071:). The service was declared operational on 1 April 2012.
1061:). The service was declared operational on 1 April 2012.
6841:
International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement
6732:
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
5352:
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
2614:
SpaceWatch Global. 20 June 2023, retrieved 25 June 2023
948:
Data provided by non-European satellite missions (e.g.
791:
SAR (ROSE-L), scheduled for launch no earlier than 2028
500:
the Commission announces the name change to Copernicus.
5311:
AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe
1720:
1718:
1081:). The service was declared operational on 1 May 2015.
7604:
Students for the Exploration and Development of Space
6747:
Regional African Satellite Communication Organization
2013:"ESA, European Commission Finalize Copernicus Budget"
1093:). The service was declared operational in July 2015.
1050:
Copernicus services address six main thematic areas:
562:
The Sentinel missions have the following objectives:
5401:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
2646:
1603:
708:
is intended to provide continuity in high precision
583:
satellite was successfully launched on 3 April 2014.
2719:"Copernicus international data exchange agreements"
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
1715:
1111:(see video available on the Copernicus.eu website:
1089:(see video available on the Copernicus.eu website:
1077:(see video available on the Copernicus.eu website:
1067:(see video available on the Copernicus.eu website:
1057:(see video available on the Copernicus.eu website:
7611:Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Modern Technologies
6722:International Space Exploration Coordination Group
5391:European Telecommunications Satellite Organization
5369:European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment
2611:OroraTech Signs contract to deliver data to the EU
2185:"Sentinel-2C joins the Copernicus family in orbit"
2034:Ecosystem, Copernicus Data Space (23 March 2024).
1213:(co-funded by the European Commission under FP6),
196:European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
6852:International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
6712:International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
2569:"Oppdraget over for radarsatellitten Sentinel-1B"
1745:
1743:
38:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
9649:
7706:
6707:Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee
3345:Space Applications and Telecommunications Centre
2482:
1079:Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service
781:: Copernicus Imaging Microwave Radiometer (CIMR)
6835:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme Agreement
5362:European Telecommunications Standards Institute
5236:European GNSS Supervisory Authority (2004–2010)
6119:Re-establishment of the National Space Council
4904:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
4860:European Cooperation for Space Standardization
3355:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
2807:SEIS (Shared Environmental Information System)
2637:
2108:"Sentinel-1B liftoff delayed another 24 hours"
1740:
1316:
685:in 2012, and the launch of Sentinel-5 in 2021.
681:atmospheric observations) between the loss of
339:Global Monitoring for Environment and Security
282:It was named after the scientist and observer
9624:Timeline of first orbital launches by country
7692:
6670:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
6642:Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
5477:Creation of the British National Space Centre
4865:European Space Research and Technology Centre
4775:
4765:
4568:
3235:
2844:
2325:
2323:
1964:. Copernicus.eu. January 2013. Archived from
1689:
1247:
548:
456:the Commission Proposal for a Regulation on "
290:and oversees and co-funds the development of
229:Since 2021, Copernicus is a component of the
4916:European Space Security and Education Centre
2741:"UK to rejoin EU Horizon research programme"
2370:
2151:
1595:: Britain will rejoin the programme in 2024.
1113:Copernicus Climate Change Monitoring Service
1101:Copernicus Service for Security Applications
353:programme which operated from 2002 to 2012.
6757:Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization
6717:International Mobile Satellite Organization
6597:Politics of the International Space Station
5232:EU Commission DG Defence Industry and Space
4582:
2761:Rheticus. "10 years of GMES: A chronicle".
653:satellite was launched on 16 February 2016.
7699:
7685:
6752:Arab Satellite Communications Organization
6742:Orbital Debris Co-ordination Working Group
6089:Development of the Commercial Crew Program
5506:Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015
4829:European Launcher Development Organisation
4575:
4561:
3504:European Launcher Development Organisation
3242:
3228:
2851:
2837:
2589:
2501:(Press release). Thales Group. 2 July 2020
2320:
1991:"Copernicus operations secured until 2021"
1235:Global Earth Observation System of Systems
401:GMES: Establishing a GMES capacity by 2008
94:
6829:Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space
6675:Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
6615:International Civil Aviation Organization
6157:International Traffic in Arms Regulations
6054:Launch of the Space Launch System program
6049:Cancellation of the Constellation program
3567:
3249:
2823:Video presenting the Copernicus Programme
2782:European Commission's Copernicus web site
2597:"ESA declares end of mission for Envisat"
2545:
2424:"Copernicus: Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich"
2033:
544:) and on-board cloud processing capacity.
260:Copernicus builds upon three components:
74:Learn how and when to remove this message
6209:Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society
2858:
2625:Tour of French New Space 2023: Promethee
1091:Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service
795:
612:, successfully launched on 23 June 2015.
308:
182:and implemented in partnership with the
6858:Cape Town Treaty, Space Assets protocol
5980:2002 National missile defense directive
5333:Council of European Aerospace Societies
5215:Western European Union Satellite Centre
1912:"European Space Agency Envisat Program"
1546:2021–2027 budget contributing countries
1326:2014–2020 budget contributing countries
1059:Copernicus Emergency Management Service
1013:
803:Copernicus Contributing Missions (CCMs)
671:satellite. It will be launched in 2024.
9650:
7631:International Astronautical Federation
6412:
5940:Launch of the Mars Exploration Program
5348:European Committee for Standardization
4960:Future Launchers Preparatory Programme
2713:
2711:
2462:
983:. Archive data is also available from
938:thermal-infrared data (MWIR, 2x LWIR).
787:: Radar Observing System for Europe –
224:mitigate the effects of climate change
7680:
7626:International Academy of Astronautics
6847:International Docking System Standard
6692:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme
6685:International Planetary Data Alliance
6592:International Space Station programme
6314:Fractional Orbital Bombardment System
6224:Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
5516:UK Global Navigation Satellite System
5278:European Union Aviation Safety Agency
4955:Space Situational Awareness Programme
4556:
3566:
3466:Space Situational Awareness Programme
3223:
2832:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2447:
2300:"Meteosat Series – Future Satellites"
1627:Copernicus Sentinel Satellite Imagery
1240:Some Copernicus services make use of
1041:
722:, was launched in November 2020 by a
712:sea level measurements following the
236:
7621:Coalition for Deep Space Exploration
5636:Cancellation of Man in Space Soonest
4843:European Space Research Organisation
4513:
3509:European Space Research Organisation
3325:Space Research and Technology Centre
2760:
2463:Dodson, Gerelle (20 December 2022).
1273:Heterogeneous Missions Accessibility
1147:and availability, spatial planning,
659:satellite followed on 25 April 2018.
553:
18:
16:Programme of the European Commission
6480:United Rocket and Space Corporation
6134:Launch of the Lunar Gateway project
6014:Launch of the Constellation program
5738:Launch of the Space Shuttle Program
4537:
2448:Clark, Stephen (29 November 2020).
1892:. European Union. 22 September 2010
1826:. European Commission. 3 April 2014
624:launched on 5 September 2024 (UTC).
13:
9668:Space policy of the European Union
7574:Air & Space Forces Association
6214:Antennas & Propagation Society
5422:Indian Human Spaceflight Programme
5343:European Civil Aviation Conference
2688:
2015:. Satellite Today. 28 October 2014
1632:European Space Technology Platform
1069:Copernicus Land Monitoring Service
960:) can also be used by Copernicus.
702:) spacecraft and launched in 2025.
345:) which was later re-branded into
14:
9684:
6647:General Assembly Fourth Committee
6635:Space Generation Advisory Council
6069:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
5243:EU Agency for the Space Programme
4992:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
4965:Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle
4792:Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
4734:Two Bombs, One Satellite doctrine
3093:Disaster Monitoring Constellation
2812:Article upon the 1st GMES Masters
2770:
2638:Copernicus EMS (25 August 2016).
1003:program (2 satellites, 2 active).
997:program (8 satellites, 3 active).
9663:European Space Agency programmes
9603:
9591:
9579:
9567:
9555:
9543:
9520:
9508:
9496:
9396:
9377:
9350:
9338:
9319:
9307:
9283:
9271:
9259:
9247:
9235:
9212:
9200:
9188:
9174:
9162:
9150:
9138:
9099:
9087:
9075:
9063:
9051:
9039:
9027:
9015:
9003:
8991:
8972:
8960:
8948:
8936:
8924:
8912:
8893:
8881:
8869:
8857:
8845:
8831:
8819:
8726:
8656:
8637:
8618:
8599:
8580:
8561:
8549:
8537:
8525:
8513:
8501:
8478:
8466:
8454:
8442:
8430:
8418:
8395:
8383:
8354:
8342:
8319:
8307:
8283:
8271:
8259:
8247:
8228:
8174:
8151:
8127:
8115:
8058:
8046:
8017:
8005:
7993:
7981:
7969:
7944:
7932:
7920:
7908:
7896:
7877:
7865:
7853:
7819:
7807:
7795:
7783:
7764:
7752:
7636:International Astronomical Union
7458:
7446:
7434:
7423:
7411:
7399:
7387:
7363:
7339:
7327:
7315:
7303:
7291:
7279:
7267:
7255:
7243:
7231:
7219:
7207:
7185:
7173:
7161:
7149:
7137:
7125:
7113:
7101:
6999:
6987:
6975:
6963:
6459:Medvedev modernisation programme
6162:Full-spectrum dominance doctrine
5830:1985 anti-satellite missile test
5494:Space Innovation and Growth Team
5239:European GNSS Agency (2010–2021)
4921:European Space Operations Centre
4882:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
4536:
4524:
4512:
4501:
4500:
3330:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
3164:Ocean Surface Topography Mission
3004:
2802:GEO (Group on Earth Observation)
1606:
1585:
1565:
1552:
1528:
1514:
1500:
1486:
1472:
1458:
1444:
1431:
1418:
1405:
1392:
1378:
1358:
1345:
1332:
448:GMES: We care for a Safer Planet
112:
23:
6885:Astronomical naming conventions
5810:Strategy of Technology doctrine
5582:Establishment of Cape Canaveral
5500:Creation of the UK Space Agency
4950:European Space Policy Institute
4910:European Space Astronomy Centre
2733:
2658:
2631:
2617:
2603:
2561:
2513:
2456:
2441:
2416:
2391:
2345:
2292:
2267:
2249:
2227:
2202:
2177:
2126:
2100:
2078:
2053:
2027:
2005:
1983:
1951:
1926:
1904:
1882:
1799:"About Copernicus | Copernicus"
1753:. Copernicus.eu. Archived from
1699:. Copernicus.eu. Archived from
1672:"About Copernicus | Copernicus"
1244:data in their maps production.
536:), on-board coding interfaces (
530:Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem
508:Multiannual Financial Framework
320:, image captured by Copernicus
208:European Maritime Safety Agency
7616:British Interplanetary Society
7579:Alliance for Space Development
6702:Global Standards Collaboration
6625:Office for Outer Space Affairs
6152:China exclusion policy of NASA
5820:Space Station Freedom proposal
5733:Extra-Terrestrial Exposure Law
4803:Planetary Exploration of China
4627:Planetary protection principle
4349:Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer
2792:Copernicus reference documents
2577:(in Norwegian). 12 August 2022
1868:"Earth Observation Satellites"
1860:
1838:
1816:
1791:
1769:
1728:. European Union. 3 April 2014
1664:
1221:
1169:, marine resource management,
446:the Commission Communication "
409:the Commission Communication "
399:the Commission Communication "
176:European Union Space Programme
1:
6799:US-USSR Cooperation Agreement
6129:Launch of the Artemis program
6059:Redesign of the Orion program
5975:Aerospace Industry Commission
5671:Launch of the Mariner program
5396:European Southern Observatory
5096:Horizon 2000 Plus (1995–2015)
2378:"ESA Sentinels-4, -5 and -5P"
2088:(Press release). 3 April 2014
1870:. Copernicus.eu. 3 April 2014
1657:
1287:payload data ground segments.
1075:Marine Environment Monitoring
411:GMES: From Concept to Reality
360:
226:, and ensure civil security.
7708:Public-sector space agencies
6880:Extraterrestrial real estate
6420:Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission
6320:Soviet crewed lunar programs
6229:Vehicular Technology Society
6219:Broadcast Technology Society
5994:Vision for Space Exploration
5911:Gore–Chernomyrdin Commission
5869:Space Exploration Initiative
5815:Strategic Defense Initiative
5768:Launch of the Viking program
5681:Launch of the Apollo program
5676:Launch of the Gemini project
5528:Defence in a Competitive Age
5465:Start of the Ariel programme
5379:European Patent Organisation
2777:Copernicus Programme website
1055:Emergency Management Service
942:Prométhée Earth Intelligence
492:Emergency Management Service
7:
6697:Group on Earth Observations
6680:Committee on Space Research
6124:Creation of the Space Force
6044:Kennedy Space Center speech
5687:We choose to go to the Moon
5618:Introduction to Outer Space
5338:European Broadcasting Union
2797:GNU (GMES Network of Users)
1777:"ESA, Copernicus, Overview"
1599:
1317:Third country participation
1285:Earth observation satellite
1023:European Environment Agency
757:emissions monitoring (CO2M)
204:European Environment Agency
10:
9689:
7646:Space Exploration Alliance
6875:Common heritage of mankind
6793:Space Liability Convention
6565:North Korean space program
6491:2015 Creation of Roscosmos
5955:Launch of the X-37 program
5805:Citizens' Advisory Council
4899:European Data Relay System
4870:Concurrent Design Facility
4615:Space Debris Working Group
4419:Mars sample return mission
4239:European Data Relay System
3919:Meteosat Second Generation
3832:James Webb Space Telescope
3694:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
3376:European Data Relay System
3350:Concurrent Design Facility
3200:Meteosat Second Generation
1848:. Space.com. 26 April 2016
1248:Other relevant initiatives
549:Earth Observation missions
328:
9618:
9535:
9411:
9369:
9227:
8805:
8687:
8680:
8493:
8410:
8334:
8166:
8107:
8091:
8084:
7959:
7845:
7838:
7744:
7721:
7714:
7589:Space Frontier Foundation
7564:
7475:
7084:
7075:
7016:Launch market competition
6948:
6765:
6655:
6607:
6587:Ugandan space initiatives
6522:
6472:
6451:
6403:
6382:
6335:
6287:
6263:
6250:
6243:
6147:
6107:
6027:
5963:
5892:
5857:
5793:
5776:
5751:
5716:
5696:
5659:
5641:Launch of Project Mercury
5590:
5548:
5539:
5447:
5409:
5301:
5205:
5137:
5095:
5019:
4938:Ariane launcher programme
4877:European Astronaut Centre
4835:Europa launcher programme
4819:
4776:
4766:
4722:
4667:
4655:The Spaceguard Foundation
4590:
4492:
4457:
4319:
4248:
4178:
4110:
4042:Meteosat Third Generation
3901:Meteosat First Generation
3887:
3736:
3631:
3582:
3575:
3562:
3550:Planetary Science Archive
3517:
3496:
3384:
3363:
3335:European Astronaut Centre
3312:
3284:
3261:
3257:
3177:
3146:
3070:
3022:
3013:
3002:
2923:
2877:
2866:
2353:"Copernicus: Sentinel-5P"
669:Meteosat Third Generation
618:launched on 7 March 2017.
296:Meteosat Third Generation
270:Sentinel (space missions)
156:
151:
143:
135:
125:
107:
102:
93:
7542:Reconnaissance satellite
6915:International Designator
6582:Philippine space program
6530:Australian space program
6182:Office of Space Commerce
6172:House Committee on Space
6084:Space Shuttle retirement
6039:2009 Augustine Committee
5874:1990 Augustine Committee
5020:Horizon 2000 (1985–1995)
4605:Space traffic management
2399:"Copernicus: Sentinel-5"
2275:"Copernicus: Sentinel-4"
2257:"Sentinel-3A on its way"
2210:"Copernicus: Sentinel-3"
2134:"Copernicus: Sentinel-2"
2061:"Copernicus: Sentinel-1"
1642:Mission Science Division
893:Synthetic-aperture radar
880:environmental monitoring
9673:Remote sensing programs
7656:Space Force Association
7641:Lunar Explorers Society
6811:Registration Convention
6775:Partial Test Ban Treaty
6656:Other intergovernmental
6570:Pakistani space program
6535:Brazilian space program
5905:Faster, better, cheaper
5708:1967 Outer Space Treaty
5511:Space Industry Act 2018
5288:European Defence Agency
4944:Vega launcher programme
4887:Living Planet Programme
4610:Space debris management
4584:Politics of outer space
3461:Living Planet Programme
3320:Space Operations Centre
2787:ESA Copernicus web site
2165:. SpaceRef. 9 June 2016
2040:dataspace.copernicus.eu
1647:German Aerospace Centre
1311:7th Framework Programme
1233:'s contribution to the
604:Centre Spatial Guyanais
575:Centre Spatial Guyanais
7584:National Space Society
7485:Space domain awareness
6658:or inter-agency bodies
6560:Lebanese space program
6545:Japanese space program
6486:2014 Military doctrine
6464:2010 Military doctrine
5884:National Space Council
5879:Hubble Space Telescope
5651:Launch of X-15 program
5572:Aerobee rocket program
5522:2021 Integrated Review
5384:European Patent Office
5304:initiatives and bodies
4694:Billionaire space race
4620:Space Debris Committee
3772:Hubble Space Telescope
3340:Space Astronomy Centre
2574:Norwegian Space Agency
2235:"Sentinel-3 stacks up"
1993:. ESA. 28 October 2014
1779:. ESA. 28 October 2014
1652:German space programme
325:
302:weather satellites of
7666:The Planetary Society
7495:Anti-satellite weapon
6890:ITU Radio Regulations
6540:Emirati space program
6271:Operation Osoaviakhim
6139:Executive Order 13959
6019:Operation Burnt Frost
5950:Decadal Planning Team
5432:Indian ASAT programme
5427:Space Activities Bill
4849:European Space Agency
4821:ESA Science Programme
4632:Post-detection policy
3569:Projects and missions
3251:European Space Agency
2163:European Space Agency
1751:"Copernicus In Brief"
1697:"What is Copernicus?"
1277:European Space Agency
1086:Atmosphere Monitoring
898:UK and international
796:Contributing missions
470:" entered into force.
324:on 28 September 2016.
312:
200:Joint Research Centre
188:European Space Agency
9658:Copernicus Programme
9630:Soviet space program
7088:units and formations
7058:Project Harvest Moon
6805:Satellite Convention
6665:African Space Agency
6575:Space programme 2040
6555:Kenyan space program
6550:Kazakh space program
5483:Outer Space Act 1986
5471:Black Arrow launcher
5254:Copernicus programme
5227:EU/ESA Space Council
4855:EU/ESA Space Council
4746:Chinese ASAT program
4169:European Robotic Arm
4013:Sentinel-5 Precursor
2971:Sentinel-5 Precursor
2860:Copernicus Programme
2237:. ESA. 24 April 2014
1637:French space program
1304:an Action in Support
1167:oil spill prevention
675:Sentinel-5 Precursor
218:and Mercator Océan.
89:Copernicus programme
44:improve this article
8780:Guiana Space Centre
7522:Kinetic bombardment
7048:Space manufacturing
7038:Space-based economy
7011:Private spaceflight
6431:Shuttle–Mir program
5999:Aldridge Commission
5921:Shuttle–Mir program
5629:Space Act Agreement
5560:Operation Paperclip
5417:Department of Space
5410:Indian space policy
5293:Europe by Satellite
5221:EU Satellite Centre
4933:Guiana Space Centre
4677:Cold War space race
4595:Spacefaring nations
4494:Future missions in
3540:European Space Camp
3271:Guiana Space Centre
2666:"The GIGAS Project"
2538:2019RemS...11.1240G
698:Second Generation (
641:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
466:the regulation on "
284:Nicolaus Copernicus
180:European Commission
130:European Commission
90:
56:footnote references
7537:Military satellite
7375:Ranks and insignia
6870:Space jurisdiction
6817:Bogota Declaration
6781:Outer Space Treaty
6277:list of scientists
5565:list of scientists
5207:EU Space Programme
4344:Ceres Polar Lander
4179:Telecommunications
2743:. 6 September 2023
2599:. ESA. 9 May 2012.
2547:10.3390/rs11101240
2452:. Spaceflight Now.
2308:. 21 November 2022
1703:on 3 November 2018
1614:Spaceflight portal
1229:Copernicus is the
1042:Services component
753:: Anthropogenic CO
534:Copernicus Browser
326:
237:Program definition
231:EU Space Programme
88:
9645:
9644:
9365:
9364:
8676:
8675:
8080:
8079:
7962:and the Caribbean
7834:
7833:
7674:
7673:
7560:
7559:
7552:Satellite jamming
7028:Space advertising
6518:
6517:
6514:
6513:
6399:
6398:
6239:
6238:
5859:George H. W. Bush
5328:Council of Europe
5249:Galileo programme
5201:
5200:
5188:Comet Interceptor
4714:Space competition
4550:
4549:
4488:
4487:
4106:
4105:
3888:Earth observation
3718:Comet Interceptor
3709:Rosalind Franklin
3681:Trace Gas Orbiter
3632:Planetary science
3558:
3557:
3471:Science Programme
3217:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3000:
2999:
2676:on 14 August 2009
1803:www.copernicus.eu
1757:on 15 August 2018
1676:www.copernicus.eu
1149:forest management
731:Vandenberg SLC-4E
639:vehicle from the
554:Sentinel missions
318:Mediterranean Sea
314:Italian Peninsula
292:Sentinel missions
178:, managed by the
174:component of the
172:Earth observation
164:
163:
152:Programme history
84:
83:
76:
9680:
9628:Preceded by the
9608:
9607:
9606:
9596:
9595:
9594:
9584:
9583:
9582:
9572:
9571:
9570:
9560:
9559:
9558:
9548:
9547:
9546:
9525:
9524:
9523:
9513:
9512:
9511:
9501:
9500:
9499:
9401:
9400:
9399:
9382:
9381:
9380:
9355:
9354:
9353:
9343:
9342:
9341:
9324:
9323:
9322:
9312:
9311:
9310:
9288:
9287:
9286:
9276:
9275:
9274:
9264:
9263:
9262:
9252:
9251:
9250:
9240:
9239:
9238:
9217:
9216:
9215:
9205:
9204:
9203:
9193:
9192:
9191:
9179:
9178:
9177:
9167:
9166:
9165:
9155:
9154:
9153:
9143:
9142:
9141:
9104:
9103:
9102:
9092:
9091:
9090:
9080:
9079:
9078:
9068:
9067:
9066:
9056:
9055:
9054:
9044:
9043:
9042:
9032:
9031:
9030:
9020:
9019:
9018:
9008:
9007:
9006:
8996:
8995:
8994:
8977:
8976:
8975:
8965:
8964:
8963:
8953:
8952:
8951:
8941:
8940:
8939:
8929:
8928:
8927:
8917:
8916:
8915:
8898:
8897:
8896:
8886:
8885:
8884:
8874:
8873:
8872:
8862:
8861:
8860:
8850:
8849:
8848:
8836:
8835:
8834:
8824:
8823:
8822:
8731:
8730:
8729:
8685:
8684:
8661:
8660:
8659:
8642:
8641:
8640:
8623:
8622:
8621:
8604:
8603:
8602:
8585:
8584:
8583:
8566:
8565:
8564:
8554:
8553:
8552:
8542:
8541:
8540:
8530:
8529:
8528:
8518:
8517:
8516:
8506:
8505:
8504:
8483:
8482:
8481:
8471:
8470:
8469:
8459:
8458:
8457:
8447:
8446:
8445:
8435:
8434:
8433:
8423:
8422:
8421:
8400:
8399:
8398:
8388:
8387:
8386:
8359:
8358:
8357:
8347:
8346:
8345:
8324:
8323:
8322:
8312:
8311:
8310:
8288:
8287:
8286:
8276:
8275:
8274:
8264:
8263:
8262:
8252:
8251:
8250:
8233:
8232:
8231:
8179:
8178:
8177:
8156:
8155:
8154:
8132:
8131:
8130:
8120:
8119:
8118:
8089:
8088:
8063:
8062:
8061:
8051:
8050:
8049:
8022:
8021:
8020:
8010:
8009:
8008:
7998:
7997:
7996:
7986:
7985:
7984:
7974:
7973:
7972:
7949:
7948:
7947:
7937:
7936:
7935:
7925:
7924:
7923:
7913:
7912:
7911:
7901:
7900:
7899:
7882:
7881:
7880:
7870:
7869:
7868:
7858:
7857:
7856:
7843:
7842:
7824:
7823:
7822:
7812:
7811:
7810:
7800:
7799:
7798:
7788:
7787:
7786:
7769:
7768:
7767:
7757:
7756:
7755:
7719:
7718:
7701:
7694:
7687:
7678:
7677:
7661:Space Foundation
7651:Space Fellowship
7463:
7462:
7451:
7450:
7438:
7428:
7427:
7416:
7415:
7404:
7403:
7392:
7391:
7368:
7367:
7344:
7343:
7332:
7331:
7320:
7319:
7308:
7307:
7296:
7295:
7284:
7283:
7272:
7271:
7260:
7259:
7248:
7247:
7236:
7235:
7224:
7223:
7212:
7211:
7190:
7189:
7178:
7177:
7166:
7165:
7154:
7153:
7142:
7141:
7130:
7129:
7118:
7117:
7106:
7105:
7082:
7081:
7033:Space technology
7004:
7003:
6992:
6991:
6980:
6979:
6968:
6967:
6910:COSPAR standards
6787:Rescue Agreement
6410:
6409:
6261:
6260:
6248:
6247:
5607:Project Vanguard
5546:
5545:
5017:
5016:
5002:Aurora programme
4988:Mars and beyond
4779:
4778:
4769:
4768:
4740:Shuguang program
4709:Space propaganda
4636:Asteroid impact
4577:
4570:
4563:
4554:
4553:
4540:
4539:
4528:
4516:
4515:
4504:
4503:
4480:Schiaparelli EDM
4339:Calathus Mission
4163:Georges Lemaître
4121:ISS contribution
3580:
3579:
3564:
3563:
3259:
3258:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3221:
3220:
3020:
3019:
3008:
2993:
2983:
2975:
2967:
2959:
2951:
2943:
2935:
2875:
2874:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2830:
2829:
2766:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2715:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2672:. Archived from
2670:thegigasforum.eu
2662:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2635:
2629:
2621:
2615:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2593:
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2460:
2454:
2453:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2428:www.eoportal.org
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2403:www.eoportal.org
2395:
2389:
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2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2357:www.eoportal.org
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2327:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2279:www.eoportal.org
2271:
2265:
2264:
2253:
2247:
2246:
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2242:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2214:www.eoportal.org
2206:
2200:
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2172:
2170:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2138:www.eoportal.org
2130:
2124:
2123:
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2119:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2065:www.eoportal.org
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1971:on 30 April 2015
1970:
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1384:
1382:
1381:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1281:interoperability
907:French-American
194:(EUMETSAT), the
184:EU member states
139:Earth monitoring
118:
116:
115:
103:Program overview
98:
91:
87:
79:
72:
68:
65:
59:
27:
26:
19:
9688:
9687:
9683:
9682:
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9602:
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7955:
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7931:
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7909:
7907:
7897:
7895:
7878:
7876:
7866:
7864:
7854:
7852:
7830:
7820:
7818:
7808:
7806:
7796:
7794:
7784:
7782:
7765:
7763:
7753:
7751:
7740:
7723:
7710:
7705:
7675:
7670:
7556:
7532:Missile defense
7471:
7457:
7445:
7422:
7410:
7398:
7386:
7362:
7338:
7326:
7314:
7302:
7290:
7278:
7266:
7254:
7242:
7230:
7218:
7206:
7184:
7172:
7160:
7148:
7136:
7124:
7112:
7100:
7087:
7071:
7065:Asteroid mining
7053:Lunar resources
6998:
6986:
6974:
6962:
6944:
6937:ISECG standards
6900:ODCWG standards
6895:CCSDS standards
6864:Artemis Accords
6761:
6657:
6651:
6603:
6510:
6468:
6447:
6395:
6378:
6331:
6326:Voskhod program
6295:Sputnik program
6283:
6255:
6253:
6244:USSR and Russia
6235:
6143:
6110:
6103:
6030:
6023:
5966:
5959:
5895:
5888:
5860:
5853:
5796:
5789:
5779:
5772:
5754:
5747:
5719:
5712:
5699:
5692:
5662:
5655:
5593:
5586:
5551:
5541:US space policy
5535:
5451:space programme
5450:
5443:
5405:
5303:
5297:
5264:EUSST programme
5259:EGNOS programme
5197:
5133:
5122:LISA Pathfinder
5091:
5033:Cassini–Huygens
5015:
4926:ESTRACK network
4815:
4798:Mars and beyond
4725:
4718:
4663:
4586:
4581:
4551:
4546:
4484:
4453:
4321:
4315:
4296:LISA Pathfinder
4253:
4251:
4244:
4174:
4157:Albert Einstein
4145:Johannes Kepler
4102:
3883:
3741:
3739:
3732:
3627:
3571:
3554:
3513:
3492:
3380:
3359:
3308:
3286:Launch vehicles
3280:
3253:
3248:
3218:
3209:
3173:
3142:
3066:
3015:
3009:
2996:
2991:
2981:
2973:
2965:
2957:
2949:
2941:
2933:
2919:
2869:
2862:
2857:
2773:
2757:
2756:
2746:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2724:
2722:
2717:
2716:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2651:
2647:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2618:
2608:
2604:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2483:
2473:
2471:
2461:
2457:
2446:
2442:
2432:
2430:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2407:
2405:
2397:
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2392:
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2380:
2376:
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2371:
2361:
2359:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2311:
2309:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2218:
2216:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2193:
2191:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2166:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2142:
2140:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2114:. 23 April 2016
2106:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2032:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
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1513:
1501:
1499:
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1473:
1471:
1459:
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1445:
1443:
1432:
1430:
1419:
1417:
1406:
1404:
1393:
1391:
1379:
1377:
1359:
1357:
1346:
1344:
1333:
1331:
1319:
1279:initiative for
1250:
1224:
1211:Wayback Machine
1175:water pollution
1065:Land Monitoring
1044:
1019:
827:Earth Explorers
798:
756:
556:
551:
430:September 2008:
363:
331:
239:
166:
113:
111:
80:
69:
63:
60:
41:
32:This article's
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9686:
9676:
9675:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9643:
9642:
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9615:
9613:
9612:
9600:
9588:
9576:
9564:
9552:
9539:
9537:
9533:
9532:
9530:
9529:
9517:
9505:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9463:
9458:
9453:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9437:
9436:
9426:
9421:
9415:
9413:
9409:
9408:
9406:
9405:
9393:
9392:
9391:
9373:
9371:
9367:
9366:
9363:
9362:
9360:
9359:
9347:
9335:
9334:
9333:
9316:
9304:
9303:
9302:
9297:
9280:
9268:
9256:
9244:
9231:
9229:
9225:
9224:
9222:
9221:
9209:
9197:
9185:
9184:
9183:
9159:
9147:
9135:
9134:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9113:
9096:
9084:
9072:
9060:
9048:
9036:
9024:
9012:
9000:
8988:
8987:
8986:
8969:
8957:
8945:
8933:
8921:
8909:
8908:
8907:
8890:
8878:
8866:
8854:
8842:
8841:
8840:
8815:
8813:
8803:
8802:
8800:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8783:
8782:
8777:
8776:
8775:
8765:
8760:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8712:
8711:
8701:
8691:
8689:
8682:
8678:
8677:
8674:
8673:
8671:
8670:
8653:
8652:
8651:
8634:
8633:
8632:
8615:
8614:
8613:
8596:
8595:
8594:
8577:
8576:
8575:
8558:
8546:
8534:
8522:
8510:
8497:
8495:
8491:
8490:
8488:
8487:
8475:
8463:
8451:
8439:
8427:
8414:
8412:
8411:Southeast Asia
8408:
8407:
8405:
8404:
8392:
8380:
8379:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8351:
8338:
8336:
8332:
8331:
8329:
8328:
8316:
8304:
8303:
8302:
8297:
8280:
8268:
8256:
8244:
8243:
8242:
8225:
8224:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8212:
8211:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8188:
8170:
8168:
8164:
8163:
8161:
8160:
8148:
8147:
8146:
8141:
8124:
8111:
8109:
8105:
8104:
8102:
8101:
8095:
8093:
8086:
8082:
8081:
8078:
8077:
8075:
8074:
8073:
8072:
8055:
8043:
8042:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8014:
8002:
7990:
7978:
7965:
7963:
7957:
7956:
7954:
7953:
7941:
7929:
7917:
7905:
7893:
7892:
7891:
7874:
7862:
7849:
7847:
7840:
7836:
7835:
7832:
7831:
7829:
7828:
7816:
7804:
7792:
7780:
7779:
7778:
7761:
7748:
7746:
7742:
7741:
7739:
7738:
7733:
7727:
7725:
7716:
7712:
7711:
7704:
7703:
7696:
7689:
7681:
7672:
7671:
7669:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7607:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7576:
7570:
7568:
7566:Space advocacy
7562:
7561:
7558:
7557:
7555:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7518:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7492:
7487:
7481:
7479:
7473:
7472:
7470:
7469:
7468:
7467:
7455:
7453:United Kingdom
7443:
7432:
7420:
7408:
7396:
7382:Space commands
7379:
7378:
7377:
7372:
7360:
7359:
7358:
7353:
7336:
7334:United Kingdom
7324:
7312:
7300:
7288:
7276:
7264:
7252:
7240:
7228:
7216:
7204:
7203:
7202:
7197:
7182:
7170:
7158:
7146:
7134:
7122:
7110:
7092:
7090:
7079:
7077:Militarisation
7073:
7072:
7070:
7069:
7068:
7067:
7062:
7061:
7060:
7050:
7045:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7019:
7018:
7013:
7008:
6996:
6994:United Kingdom
6984:
6972:
6958:Space industry
6954:
6952:
6950:Commercial use
6946:
6945:
6943:
6942:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6923:
6922:
6920:IPDA standards
6917:
6907:
6905:CEOS standards
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6861:
6855:
6849:
6844:
6838:
6832:
6826:
6820:
6814:
6808:
6802:
6796:
6790:
6784:
6778:
6771:
6769:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6688:
6687:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6661:
6659:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6638:
6637:
6632:
6622:
6617:
6611:
6609:
6608:United Nations
6605:
6604:
6602:
6601:
6600:
6599:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6578:
6577:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6526:
6524:
6523:Other policies
6520:
6519:
6516:
6515:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6508:
6507:
6506:
6501:
6499:MARS-500 study
6493:
6488:
6483:
6476:
6474:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6466:
6461:
6455:
6453:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6445:
6444:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6422:
6416:
6414:
6407:
6401:
6400:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6386:
6384:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6370:
6364:
6358:
6355:Salyut program
6352:
6346:
6339:
6337:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6323:
6317:
6311:
6308:Vostok program
6305:
6304:
6303:
6300:Sputnik crisis
6291:
6289:
6285:
6284:
6282:
6281:
6280:
6279:
6267:
6265:
6258:
6245:
6241:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6233:
6232:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6185:
6184:
6174:
6169:
6167:Budget of NASA
6164:
6159:
6154:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6115:
6113:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6101:
6099:2015 Space Act
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6035:
6033:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5985:Space Shuttle
5982:
5977:
5971:
5969:
5965:George W. Bush
5961:
5960:
5958:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5945:1998 Space Act
5942:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5933:
5923:
5913:
5908:
5900:
5898:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5865:
5863:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5835:Space Shuttle
5832:
5827:
5825:1984 Space Act
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5801:
5799:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5770:
5765:
5759:
5757:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5724:
5722:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5704:
5702:
5694:
5693:
5691:
5690:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5667:
5665:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5632:
5631:
5621:
5614:
5612:Sputnik crisis
5609:
5604:
5598:
5596:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5568:
5567:
5556:
5554:
5543:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5519:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5497:
5491:
5485:
5480:
5474:
5468:
5462:
5455:
5453:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5437:Mission Shakti
5429:
5424:
5419:
5413:
5411:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5354:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5307:
5305:
5302:Other European
5299:
5298:
5296:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5267:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5240:
5237:
5229:
5224:
5218:
5211:
5209:
5203:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5144:
5142:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5124:
5119:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5082:
5075:
5070:
5063:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5029:
5023:
5021:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4997:MARS-500 study
4994:
4986:
4984:ESA Television
4981:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4967:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4941:
4935:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4918:
4913:
4907:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4879:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4862:
4857:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4825:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4809:MARS-500 study
4806:
4795:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4772:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4743:
4737:
4730:
4728:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4682:Sputnik crisis
4673:
4671:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4647:
4642:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4580:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4557:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4534:
4522:
4510:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4359:Darwin Mission
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4325:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4305:
4304:(2019–present)
4299:
4293:
4287:
4286:(2013–present)
4281:
4280:(2009–present)
4275:
4269:
4268:(2001–present)
4263:
4256:
4254:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4241:(2016–present)
4236:
4231:
4230:(2014–present)
4225:
4224:(2011–present)
4219:
4218:(2010–present)
4213:
4212:(2008–present)
4207:
4206:(2005–present)
4201:
4200:(2001–present)
4195:
4189:
4182:
4180:
4176:
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5926:ISS programme
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5844:Rogers Report
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5148:Solar Orbiter
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5139:Cosmic Vision
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4785:Space station
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4726:space program
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3738:Astronomy and
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3614:Solar Orbiter
3612:
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3583:Solar physics
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1372:Data exchange
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1157:food security
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573:rockets from
572:
568:
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512:
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287:
285:
277:
274:
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267:
263:
262:
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255:
251:
249:
245:
234:
232:
227:
225:
219:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
198:(ECMWF), the
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
159:
155:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:
128:
124:
121:
110:
106:
101:
97:
92:
86:
78:
75:
67:
64:December 2022
57:
53:
52:inappropriate
49:
45:
39:
37:
30:
21:
20:
9634:Preceded by
9486:Intersputnik
9331:TÜBİTAK UZAY
8792:EUTELSAT IGO
8688:Pan-European
8649:TÜBİTAK UZAY
8108:Central Asia
7724:and pan-Arab
7599:Moon Society
7594:Mars Society
7527:Kill vehicle
7490:Space weapon
7096:Space forces
6737:Intersputnik
6373:Apollo–Soyuz
6111:space policy
6031:space policy
5986:
5967:space policy
5903:
5896:space policy
5861:space policy
5836:
5797:space policy
5780:space policy
5763:Apollo–Soyuz
5755:space policy
5728:Moon landing
5720:space policy
5700:space policy
5663:space policy
5616:
5594:space policy
5552:space policy
5526:
5488:Project Juno
5253:
5126:
5114:
5084:
5077:
5065:
5059:
5038:
5031:
4831:(1960–1975)
4600:Space policy
4529:
4518:
4505:
4495:
4404:Lunar Lander
4322:and proposed
4307:
4094:
4086:
4078:
4070:
4062:
4054:
4046:
4040:
4032:
4024:
3894:
3875:
3867:
3859:
3851:
3843:
3724:
3716:
3708:
3699:
3680:
3657:Mars Express
3619:
3497:Predecessors
3476:Horizon 2000
3413:
3042:COSMO-SkyMed
3014:Contributing
2986:
2859:
2817:GISC Website
2765:. BOSS4GMES.
2762:
2745:. Retrieved
2735:
2723:. Retrieved
2678:. Retrieved
2674:the original
2669:
2660:
2648:
2633:
2624:
2619:
2610:
2605:
2591:
2581:14 September
2579:. Retrieved
2572:
2563:
2551:. Retrieved
2532:(10): 1240.
2529:
2525:
2515:
2503:. Retrieved
2472:. Retrieved
2468:
2458:
2443:
2431:. Retrieved
2427:
2418:
2406:. Retrieved
2402:
2393:
2381:. Retrieved
2372:
2360:. Retrieved
2356:
2347:
2335:. Retrieved
2333:. April 2014
2331:"Copernicus"
2310:. Retrieved
2303:
2294:
2282:. Retrieved
2278:
2269:
2260:
2251:
2239:. Retrieved
2229:
2217:. Retrieved
2213:
2204:
2192:. Retrieved
2188:
2179:
2167:. Retrieved
2162:
2153:
2141:. Retrieved
2137:
2128:
2116:. Retrieved
2102:
2090:. Retrieved
2080:
2068:. Retrieved
2064:
2055:
2043:. Retrieved
2039:
2029:
2017:. Retrieved
2007:
1995:. Retrieved
1985:
1973:. Retrieved
1966:the original
1953:
1941:. Retrieved
1928:
1916:. Retrieved
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1884:
1872:. Retrieved
1862:
1850:. Retrieved
1840:
1828:. Retrieved
1818:
1806:. Retrieved
1802:
1793:
1781:. Retrieved
1771:
1759:. Retrieved
1755:the original
1730:. Retrieved
1705:. Retrieved
1701:the original
1691:
1679:. Retrieved
1675:
1666:
1578:
1577:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1371:
1370:
1350:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1292:
1290:
1251:
1239:
1228:
1225:
1205:
1189:
1181:
1162:
1141:soil sealing
1132:
1118:
1106:
1096:
1084:
1074:
1064:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1017:Coordination
1014:
965:DigitalGlobe
947:
917:
910:OSTM/Jason-2
908:
899:
888:COSMO-SkyMed
886:
873:
864:
855:
847:
825:
817:
809:
802:
799:
744:
696:Polar System
561:
557:
526:January 2023
525:
520:January 2021
519:
513:
503:
497:
487:
480:
473:
467:
463:
457:
453:
447:
443:
429:
423:
416:
410:
406:
400:
396:
389:
383:
379:
373:
367:19 May 1998:
366:
355:
346:
342:
338:
335:
332:
288:
281:
259:
256:
252:
240:
228:
220:
167:
165:
126:Organization
85:
70:
61:
46:by removing
33:
9636:Interkosmos
9610:Interkosmos
8716:Eurocontrol
8366:Antrix Corp
7722:Pan-African
7262:North Korea
7250:New Zealand
7238:Netherlands
7043:Space trade
6823:Moon Treaty
6482:(2013–2015)
6392:(1986–2001)
6369:(1974–1993)
6363:(1973–1977)
6357:(1971–1986)
6351:(1967–1991)
6349:Interkosmos
6328:(1964–1966)
6322:(1961–1976)
6316:(1960–1982)
6310:(1960–1963)
5849:Ride Report
5646:Missile gap
5518:(2018–2020)
5496:(2009–2010)
5473:(1964–1971)
5323:Eurocontrol
5217:(1992–2002)
5141:(2015–2025)
5128:BepiColombo
4975:Space Rider
4906:(1983–2010)
4845:(1964–1975)
4837:(1962–1973)
4759:Project 921
4742:(1966–1972)
4736:(1966–1976)
4669:Space races
4542:WikiProject
4414:MarcoPolo-R
4364:Don Quijote
4334:Ariane 5 ME
4298:(2015–2017)
4228:Galileo FOC
4222:Galileo IOV
4194:(1989–1993)
4133:Jules Verne
4114:spaceflight
3945:(2009–2013)
3933:(2003–2007)
3931:Double Star
3927:(2002–2012)
3915:(1995–2011)
3909:(1991–2000)
3903:(1977–1997)
3816:(2009–2013)
3810:(2009–2013)
3786:(1995–1998)
3768:(1989–1993)
3762:(1983–1986)
3756:(1978–1996)
3750:(1975–1982)
3688:BepiColombo
3675:(2005–2014)
3669:(2004–2016)
3653:(2003–2006)
3647:(1997–2005)
3641:(1985–1992)
3610:(2000–2024)
3598:(1990–2009)
3592:(1977–1987)
3525:Arianespace
3178:Atmospheric
2988:Sentinel-6A
2979:Sentinel-3B
2963:Sentinel-2B
2955:Sentinel-1B
2947:Sentinel-3A
2939:Sentinel-2A
2931:Sentinel-1A
2474:20 December
2433:28 December
2408:28 December
2383:23 February
2362:28 December
2312:21 November
2284:28 December
2219:28 December
2194:6 September
2189:www.esa.int
2143:28 December
2070:28 December
1943:30 December
1918:30 December
1579:Enlargement
1538:(from 2023)
1524:(from 2022)
1510:(from 2022)
1496:(from 2018)
1482:(from 2018)
1468:(from 2018)
1454:(from 2018)
1388:(from 2015)
1353:Switzerland
1222:Interaction
1155:and global
981:WorldView-3
977:WorldView-2
973:WorldView-1
926:Planet Labs
785:Sentinel-12
779:Sentinel-11
773:Sentinel-10
737:Sentinel-6B
720:Sentinel-6A
716:satellite.
657:Sentinel-3B
651:Sentinel-3A
622:Sentinel-2C
616:Sentinel-2B
610:Sentinel-2A
587:Sentinel-1B
581:Sentinel-1A
488:April 2012:
477:after 2014.
322:Sentinel-3A
206:(EEA), the
202:(JRC), the
190:(ESA), the
9652:Categories
9622:See also:
8335:South Asia
7939:USSPACECOM
7547:Spaceplane
6288:Khrushchev
5837:Challenger
5592:Eisenhower
5053:Cluster II
4650:Spaceguard
4640:Prediction
4429:Phootprint
4409:Marco Polo
4250:Technology
4080:MetOp-SG-B
4072:MetOp-SG-A
4048:Sentinel-4
4019:ADM-Aeolus
3999:Sentinel-3
3981:Sentinel-2
3967:Sentinel-1
3895:Copernicus
3790:XMM-Newton
3608:Cluster II
3414:Copernicus
3385:Programmes
3313:Facilities
3263:Spaceports
3052:TerraSAR-X
3047:Radarsat-2
2992:(Nov 2020)
2982:(Apr 2018)
2974:(Oct 2017)
2966:(Mar 2017)
2958:(Apr 2016)
2950:(Feb 2016)
2942:(Jun 2015)
2934:(Apr 2014)
2915:Sentinel-7
2910:Sentinel-6
2905:Sentinel-5
2900:Sentinel-4
2895:Sentinel-3
2890:Sentinel-2
2885:Sentinel-1
2870:satellites
2725:12 October
2092:21 October
1975:11 October
1896:11 October
1808:13 January
1761:11 October
1732:11 October
1707:11 October
1681:20 January
1658:References
1137:land cover
1009:satellite.
1007:Radarsat-2
958:Radarsat-2
875:TerraSAR-X
767:Sentinel-9
761:Sentinel-8
751:Sentinel-7
706:Sentinel-6
689:Sentinel-5
665:Sentinel-4
630:Sentinel-3
595:Sentinel-2
567:Sentinel-1
538:JupyterLab
474:June 2011:
417:June 2006:
374:Year 1999:
370:Security".
361:Chronology
347:Copernicus
244:satellites
168:Copernicus
9290:Roscosmos
9278:KazCosmos
9242:ArmCosmos
8943:DTU Space
8905:BIRA-IASB
8852:EU SatCen
8611:KACST-SRI
8508:ArmCosmos
8494:West Asia
8167:East Asia
8134:Roscosmos
8122:KazCosmos
8092:Pan-Asian
7356:Structure
7108:Australia
6767:Space law
6630:UN-SPIDER
6405:Roscosmos
6383:Gorbachev
5316:Eurospace
4752:2007 test
4699:Mars race
4645:Avoidance
4470:CryoSat-1
4444:STE-QUEST
4379:Eddington
4369:e.Deorbit
4320:Cancelled
4192:Olympus-1
4034:EarthCARE
3955:CryoSat-2
3804:(2006–13)
3780:(1992–93)
3766:Hipparcos
3740:cosmology
3147:Altimetry
2747:6 October
2241:17 August
1400:Australia
989:QuickBird
932:OroraTech
840:CryoSat-2
710:altimetry
679:SCIAMACHY
454:May 2009:
424:May 2007:
407:May 2005:
48:excessive
9515:UNCOPUOS
8826:DG DEFIS
8787:EUMETSAT
7839:Americas
7745:National
7310:Thailand
7274:Pakistan
7156:Colombia
6452:Medvedev
6441:Politics
6427:(1993–)
6336:Brezhnev
6079:Title 51
5989:disaster
5987:Columbia
5931:Politics
5839:disaster
5245:(2021–)
5163:EnVision
5108:Politics
5079:Herschel
5073:INTEGRAL
4851:(1975–)
4777:Tiangong
4767:Shenzhou
4761:(1992–)
4748:(1964–)
4687:Timeline
4531:Wikinews
4507:Category
4127:Columbus
4051:) (2024)
3861:ARRAKIHS
3814:Herschel
3796:INTEGRAL
3726:EnVision
3679:ExoMars
3535:EUMETSAT
3426:Columbus
3419:Sentinel
3299:Ariane 6
3294:Ariane 5
3123:RapidEye
3108:Pléiades
3088:Deimos-2
3057:TanDEM-X
3016:missions
2924:Launches
2868:Sentinel
2680:5 August
2305:EUMETSAT
2118:28 April
2045:22 April
2019:1 August
1997:1 August
1874:26 April
1852:26 April
1830:26 April
1783:26 April
1600:See also
1480:Colombia
1139:change,
1133:geoland2
1126:G-MOSAIC
1097:Security
969:GeoEye-1
936:FOREST-2
919:Pléiades
885:Italian
727:Falcon 9
693:EUMETSAT
634:Eurockot
316:and the
304:EUMETSAT
300:MetOp-SG
210:(EMSA),
157:Duration
9476:ISS MCB
9370:Oceania
9145:PTSPACE
9111:CBK PAN
8773:ESTRACK
8699:CENELEC
8402:SUPARCO
8349:SPARRSO
8186:SASTIND
7903:FAA/AST
7736:Arabsat
7370:Vietnam
7351:History
7180:Germany
6504:ExoMars
6413:Yeltsin
6345:(1967–)
6273:(1946)
6256:program
6194:FAA/AST
5894:Clinton
5698:Johnson
5661:Kennedy
5602:WS-117L
5449:British
5223:(2002–)
5067:Rosetta
5048:Cluster
5040:Huygens
5007:ExoMars
4946:(1998–)
4940:(1973–)
4912:(2005–)
4805:(2016–)
4794:(2003–)
4780:program
4770:program
4724:Chinese
4704:Records
4519:Commons
4496:italics
4465:Cluster
4449:THESEUS
4434:SOLARIS
4309:PROBA-3
4302:OPS-SAT
4284:PROBA-V
4278:PROBA-2
4266:PROBA-1
4216:HYLAS-1
4210:GIOVE-B
4204:GIOVE-A
4198:Artemis
4026:Biomass
3925:Envisat
3864:(2030s)
3663:Rosetta
3651:SMART-1
3645:Huygens
3596:Ulysses
3576:Science
3451:ExoMars
3441:GALILEO
3431:CryoSat
3392:Artemis
3371:ESTRACK
3276:Esrange
3190:Envisat
3185:CALIPSO
3159:CryoSat
3154:Envisat
3128:Ingenio
3118:Proba-V
3083:Envisat
3071:Optical
3037:Envisat
2878:Classes
2534:Bibcode
2261:esa.int
2169:10 June
1573:Iceland
1413:Ukraine
1366:Iceland
1298:INSPIRE
1257:INSPIRE
1215:GMOSAIC
1206:GMOSAIC
1199:PROMOTE
1163:MyOcean
1122:MyOcean
1030:In situ
1015:In-Situ
995:LANDSAT
950:Landsat
916:French
872:German
863:French
819:Envisat
714:Jason-3
683:Envisat
420:system.
351:Envisat
329:History
212:Frontex
170:is the
147:Ongoing
136:Purpose
108:Country
42:Please
34:use of
9536:Former
9527:UNOOSA
9429:COSPAR
8900:BELSPO
8681:Europe
8473:GISTDA
8449:PhilSA
8314:SaTReC
8216:PLAASF
7884:NESDIS
7814:NASRDA
7731:RASCOM
7715:Africa
7510:Russia
7439:
7394:France
7322:Turkey
7286:Russia
7214:Israel
7168:France
7132:Canada
7120:Brazil
6982:Russia
6866:(2020)
6860:(2012)
6854:(1999)
6843:(1998)
6837:(1988)
6831:(1981)
6825:(1979)
6819:(1976)
6813:(1975)
6807:(1974)
6801:(1972)
6795:(1972)
6789:(1968)
6783:(1967)
6777:(1963)
6375:(1975)
6302:(1957)
6264:Stalin
6252:Soviet
6177:NESDIS
5795:Reagan
5778:Carter
5743:Skylab
5550:Truman
5502:(2010)
5490:(1991)
5479:(1985)
5467:(1962)
5461:(1958)
5178:ATHENA
5168:CHEOPS
5153:Euclid
5086:Planck
5060:Newton
4475:GEOS 1
4458:Failed
4424:ODINUS
4394:Hopper
4389:Hermes
4384:EXPERT
4312:(2024)
4292:(2015)
4274:(2007)
4262:(1998)
4188:(1978)
4186:GEOS 2
4171:(2021)
4165:(2014)
4159:(2013)
4153:(2012)
4147:(2011)
4139:Cupola
4135:(2008)
4099:(2027)
4091:(2025)
4083:(2025)
4075:(2025)
4067:(2025)
4059:(2025)
4056:ALTIUS
4037:(2024)
4029:(2024)
3880:(2035)
3872:(2035)
3869:Athena
3856:(2029)
3848:(2026)
3838:Euclid
3826:CHEOPS
3808:Planck
3778:Eureca
3760:EXOSAT
3729:(2031)
3721:(2029)
3713:(2028)
3704:(2024)
3696:(2023)
3667:Philae
3639:Giotto
3624:(2031)
3590:ISEE-2
3404:Aurora
3195:Merlin
3113:Prisma
2553:5 July
2505:5 July
1590:
1570:
1560:Norway
1557:
1533:
1522:Panama
1519:
1508:Canada
1505:
1491:
1477:
1463:
1452:Brazil
1449:
1436:
1426:Serbia
1423:
1410:
1397:
1383:
1363:
1340:Norway
1337:
1275:, the
985:Ikonos
789:L-band
724:SpaceX
700:EPS-SG
645:Russia
542:openEO
438:France
216:SatCen
186:, the
144:Status
117:
9586:NASDA
9503:ITU-R
9491:ODCWG
9471:ISECG
9461:ICSMD
9419:CCSDS
9412:World
9389:CSIRO
9228:Other
9121:KRRiT
9106:POLSA
8876:BEREC
8838:EUSPA
8758:ECSAT
8753:ESRIN
8743:ESTEC
8667:MBRSC
8663:UAESA
8556:NEHSA
8544:IRIAF
8425:LAPAN
8221:CASIC
8210:CGWIC
8099:APSCO
8000:CONAE
7826:SANSA
7802:GSSTC
7790:ESSTI
7776:NARSS
7505:India
7500:China
7441:NORAD
7418:Italy
7406:India
7298:Spain
7226:Japan
7191:Iran
7144:China
6970:India
6620:ITU-R
6495:Mars
6473:Putin
6361:Almaz
6254:space
6109:Trump
6029:Obama
5718:Nixon
5193:SMILE
5173:JUICE
5158:ARIEL
4970:PRIDE
4439:SPICA
4234:EGNOS
4096:FORUM
4088:SMILE
3961:Swarm
3937:MetOp
3913:ERS-2
3907:ERS-1
3853:ARIEL
3845:PLATO
3802:CoRoT
3748:Cos-B
3711:rover
3621:Vigil
3545:GEWEX
3488:Pride
3446:ELIPS
3436:EGNOS
3205:MetOp
3169:SARAL
3138:VENµS
3103:HiROS
3098:EnMAP
3078:ERS-2
3032:ERS-2
2337:5 May
1969:(PDF)
1962:(PDF)
1937:(PDF)
1914:. ESA
1536:Japan
1494:India
1466:Chile
1294:GEOSS
1182:SAFER
1099:(See
1001:GOSAT
954:GOSAT
857:MetOp
637:Rokot
571:Soyuz
434:Lille
380:2001:
248:Earth
9562:KCST
9550:BNSC
9481:ITSO
9466:IMSO
9456:IADC
9434:IPDA
9424:CEOS
9403:NZSA
9357:UKSA
9345:SSAU
9300:VVKO
9254:MAKA
9219:SNSA
9169:INTA
9157:ROSA
9094:NOSA
9070:SRON
8967:CNES
8919:SRTI
8864:EASA
8809:and
8768:ESOC
8763:ESAC
8738:ECSS
8721:ECAC
8709:ETSI
8704:CEPT
8630:GORS
8592:NCSR
8573:ISRC
8532:NSSA
8520:MAKA
8485:VNSC
8461:SSTL
8437:MYSA
8376:NRSC
8361:ISRO
8326:TASA
8300:KASI
8295:KARI
8290:KASA
8278:NATA
8266:NICT
8240:ISAS
8235:JAXA
8201:CAST
8196:CALT
8191:CASC
8181:CNSA
8158:TNSA
8085:Asia
8070:IVIC
8065:ABAE
8034:INPE
8029:DCTA
7976:ALCE
7927:USSF
7872:NASA
7771:EgSA
7759:ASAL
7430:NATO
7200:IRGC
6204:IEEE
6004:ESAS
5753:Ford
5577:RAND
5183:LISA
5116:Gaia
5058:XMM-
5027:SOHO
4399:LOFT
4374:EChO
4354:CSTS
4329:AIDA
4272:YES2
4064:FLEX
3949:SMOS
3943:GOCE
3877:LISA
3820:Gaia
3701:Hera
3602:SOHO
3456:FLPP
3304:Vega
3133:SPOT
2749:2023
2727:2021
2682:2009
2583:2022
2555:2020
2507:2020
2476:2022
2469:NASA
2435:2022
2410:2022
2385:2015
2364:2022
2339:2014
2314:2022
2286:2022
2243:2014
2221:2022
2196:2024
2171:2015
2145:2022
2120:2016
2094:2014
2072:2022
2047:2024
2021:2015
1999:2015
1977:2018
1945:2022
1920:2022
1898:2018
1876:2016
1854:2016
1832:2016
1810:2021
1785:2016
1763:2018
1734:2018
1709:2018
1683:2023
1622:CNES
1302:GMES
1300:and
1267:SEIS
1197:and
1195:GEMS
1190:MACC
987:and
979:and
866:SPOT
834:SMOS
600:Vega
490:The
343:GMES
298:and
9598:SSP
9574:NAL
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