486:
1141:
402:
22:
1333:
43:
1107:
851:
1459:
1095:
390:
368:
881:
778:
1137:
959:
818:
1483:
871:
896:
866:
861:
937:
906:
891:
1478:
383:
1332:
398:
735:
376:
1129:
293:
The
Evolution of the Money Standard in Medieval Frisia: A Treatise on the History of the Systems of Money of Account in the Former Frisia
1503:
1498:
426:
317:
1424:
406:
942:
525:
358:
1039:
205:
1367:
952:
454:
1122:
204:. Although it became part of the republic, it was not one of the Seven Provinces and did not have a seat in the
449:
991:
459:
162:
88:
1493:
986:
154:
439:
1488:
464:
92:
1115:
472:
131:
329:
Historisches
Lexikon der Deutschen Länder: die deutschen Territorien vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart
178:
118:
of
Drenthe were in conflict with the bishops over his lordship and his tithes. This even resulted in
1449:
1088:
505:
434:
338:"Rural Revolts and Structural Change in the Low Countries, Thirteenth – Early Fourteenth Centuries"
520:
1401:
1262:
1228:
886:
760:
714:
21:
103:(prefect) enfeoffed by the bishop. By the 14th century, the prefecture was hereditary and the
1194:
932:
822:
803:
709:
675:
667:
567:
174:
130:. In the 14th and 15th centuries, Drenthe was affected by the factional struggle between the
104:
1420:
1408:
1313:
1254:
1163:
1056:
901:
798:
773:
145:
489:
The Lower
Rhenish–Westphalian Circle (red) within the Holy Roman Empire (white) after 1548
8:
1394:
1236:
1158:
1011:
964:
911:
876:
846:
808:
755:
597:
444:
190:
1445:
1432:
1359:
1349:
1305:
1277:
1189:
1084:
1068:
978:
788:
783:
641:
589:
182:
122:. The first and most intense phase of the conflict is retold in an eyewitness account,
80:
572:
1428:
1295:
1244:
1223:
1202:
1173:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1080:
1064:
827:
768:
745:
607:
410:
354:
313:
186:
55:
337:
1416:
1300:
1272:
1267:
1210:
947:
730:
305:
201:
125:
119:
1437:
1412:
1318:
1076:
1048:
722:
704:
691:
602:
558:
173:, but because it was only sparsely populated, it had the same stadtholder as the
166:
75:
47:
1286:
1214:
1206:
1052:
813:
740:
699:
562:
59:
34:
342:
Survival and
Discord in Medieval Society: Essays in Honour of Christopher Dyer
309:
1472:
612:
576:
515:
485:
418:
150:
115:
535:
497:
197:
530:
510:
170:
63:
646:
136:
193:
of the
Habsburg Netherlands with a special status within the Empire.
96:
1282:
1001:
996:
683:
654:
581:
553:
158:
100:
62:
from 1581 until 1795. It corresponds to the area west of the lower
545:
1019:
1006:
67:
1341:
1383:
856:
304:. The Medieval Countryside. Vol. 20. Turnhout: Brepols.
84:
245:
243:
793:
626:
622:
340:. In Richard Goddard; John Langdon; Miriam MĂĽller (eds.).
240:
302:
Village
Community and Conflict in Late Medieval Drenthe
230:
228:
226:
267:
255:
223:
351:
Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire
169:of 1536. It was thereafter governed by a Habsburg
1470:
299:
1484:States and territories disestablished in 1795
1123:
384:
95:. At the time, Drenthe included the city of
123:
1479:States and territories established in 1046
1130:
1116:
391:
377:
200:against the Habsburgs, Drenthe joined the
335:
261:
484:
140:, the eastern portion of the bishopric.
20:
290:
249:
149:(territorial law). In 1522, during the
1471:
348:
326:
273:
234:
181:of 1548, Drenthe was removed from the
157:, but he was forced to cede it to the
73:Drenthe is first recorded in 820 as a
1111:
372:
143:In 1412, the county received its own
111:separate from the County of Drenthe.
13:
134:. In 1402, it was attached to the
66:, today the eponymous province of
14:
1515:
1504:Counties of the Holy Roman Empire
1331:
1139:
407:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle
400:
283:
120:a crusade launched against them
1:
1499:Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor
211:
344:. Brepols. pp. 249–268.
336:Van Bavel, B. J. P. (2010).
216:
155:Charles II, Duke of Guelders
79:, the basic division of the
7:
300:Hoppenbrouwers, P. (2018).
208:on account of its poverty.
114:Between 1225 and 1240, the
10:
1520:
852:Blankenheim and Gerolstein
132:Vetkopers and Schieringers
99:, which was governed by a
1425:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
1392:
1376:
1358:
1340:
1329:
1253:
1172:
1156:
1061:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
1028:
977:
923:
839:
634:
621:
544:
496:
482:
417:
310:10.1484/M.TMC-EB.5.112979
54:) was a province of the
1460:Unencircled territories
1096:Unencircled territories
291:Henstra, D. J. (2000).
189:, making it one of the
87:. In 1046, the Emperor
25:County of Drenthe, 1634
490:
349:Wilson, P. H. (2016).
295:. Uitgeverij Verloren.
124:
58:from 1046, and of the
51:
38:
26:
1411:. Circles est. 1500:
1377:Dependent territories
488:
331:. Munich: C. H. Beck.
175:Lordship of Groningen
153:, the county fell to
105:Lordship of Groningen
24:
1164:Habsburg Netherlands
185:and attached to the
93:Bishopric of Utrecht
70:in the Netherlands.
1494:Seventeen Provinces
1436:Circles est. 1512:
1159:Seventeen Provinces
1148:(1512–1797) of the
1075:Circles est. 1512:
1047:Circles est. 1500:
409:(1500–1806) of the
327:Köbler, G. (2007).
252:, pp. 212–213.
191:Seventeen Provinces
1489:History of Drenthe
1457:
1453:
1406:
1399:
1043:
1036:
1032:
789:Salm-Reifferscheid
491:
183:Westphalian Circle
179:Treaty of Augsburg
91:granted it to the
81:Carolingian Empire
27:
1466:
1465:
1450:Electoral Rhenish
1327:
1326:
1310:
1292:
1241:
1233:
1220:
1199:
1186:
1150:Holy Roman Empire
1146:Burgundian Circle
1105:
1104:
1089:Electoral Rhenish
1045:status uncertain
1016:
973:
972:
916:
832:
765:
750:
727:
719:
696:
688:
680:
672:
664:
651:
608:Nassau-Dillenburg
594:
586:
477:
469:
431:
411:Holy Roman Empire
353:. Belknap Press.
319:978-2-503-57539-1
187:Burgundian Circle
56:Holy Roman Empire
52:Grafschaft Drente
39:Landschap Drenthe
31:County of Drenthe
1511:
1458:
1454:
1407:
1400:
1335:
1308:
1290:
1239:
1231:
1218:
1211:Nijmegen Quarter
1197:
1184:
1170:
1169:
1144:
1143:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1109:
1108:
1044:
1038:without seat in
1037:
1033:
1014:
914:
882:Kerpen-Lommersum
830:
763:
748:
725:
717:
694:
686:
678:
670:
662:
649:
632:
631:
592:
584:
526:Stavelot–Malmedy
475:
467:
429:
405:
404:
403:
393:
386:
379:
370:
369:
364:
345:
332:
323:
296:
277:
271:
265:
259:
253:
247:
238:
232:
202:Union of Utrecht
129:
126:Quaedam narracio
46:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1452:
1435:
1405:
1398:
1388:
1372:
1354:
1336:
1323:
1249:
1166:
1162:
1152:
1138:
1136:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1042:
1035:
1031:
1024:
969:
925:
919:
835:
617:
540:
492:
480:
413:
401:
399:
397:
367:
361:
320:
286:
281:
280:
272:
268:
260:
256:
248:
241:
233:
224:
219:
214:
167:Treaty of Grave
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1517:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1464:
1463:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1346:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1234:
1226:
1221:
1207:Veluwe Quarter
1200:
1192:
1187:
1178:
1176:
1167:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1072:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
983:
981:
975:
974:
971:
970:
968:
967:
962:
957:
956:
955:
950:
940:
935:
929:
927:
921:
920:
918:
917:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
843:
841:
837:
836:
834:
833:
825:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
758:
753:
752:
751:
743:
738:
728:
720:
712:
707:
702:
697:
689:
681:
673:
665:
657:
652:
644:
638:
636:
629:
619:
618:
616:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
587:
579:
570:
565:
556:
550:
548:
542:
541:
539:
538:
533:
528:
523:
521:KornelimĂĽnster
518:
513:
508:
502:
500:
494:
493:
483:
481:
479:
478:
470:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
423:
421:
419:Prince-bishops
415:
414:
396:
395:
388:
381:
373:
366:
365:
360:978-0674058095
359:
346:
333:
324:
318:
297:
287:
285:
282:
279:
278:
276:, p. 228.
266:
262:Van Bavel 2010
254:
239:
237:, p. 252.
221:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
206:States General
60:Dutch Republic
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1516:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1461:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1433:(Lower) Saxon
1430:
1426:
1422:
1421:Upper Rhenish
1418:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1288:
1287:Upper Quarter
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1069:(Lower) Saxon
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:Upper Rhenish
1054:
1050:
1041:
1040:Imperial Diet
1027:
1021:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
984:
982:
980:
976:
966:
963:
961:
958:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
930:
928:
922:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
844:
842:
838:
829:
826:
824:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
762:
759:
757:
754:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
733:
732:
729:
724:
721:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
693:
690:
685:
682:
677:
674:
669:
666:
661:
658:
656:
653:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
637:
633:
630:
628:
624:
620:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
591:
588:
583:
580:
578:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
549:
547:
543:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
501:
499:
498:Prince-abbots
495:
487:
474:
471:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
428:
425:
424:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
394:
389:
387:
382:
380:
375:
374:
371:
362:
356:
352:
347:
343:
339:
334:
330:
325:
321:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
294:
289:
288:
275:
270:
263:
258:
251:
246:
244:
236:
231:
229:
227:
222:
209:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
151:Guelders Wars
148:
147:
141:
139:
138:
133:
128:
127:
121:
117:
116:free peasants
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
77:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
36:
32:
23:
19:
16:Historic land
1441:
1309:(since 1548)
1291:(since 1548)
1240:(since 1548)
1232:(since 1548)
1219:(since 1548)
1198:(since 1548)
1185:(since 1548)
1181:
1174:Seceded 1581
1060:
1046:
1015:(until 1648)
915:(until 1548)
831:(until 1548)
779:Reichenstein
764:(until 1548)
749:(until 1664)
726:(until 1541)
718:(until 1546)
715:Manderscheid
695:(until 1614)
687:(until 1548)
679:(until 1548)
671:(until 1667)
663:(until 1548)
659:
650:(until 1719)
593:(until 1548)
585:(until 1548)
476:(until 1648)
468:(until 1548)
430:(until 1678)
350:
341:
328:
301:
292:
284:Bibliography
269:
257:
250:Henstra 2000
198:Dutch Revolt
195:
144:
142:
135:
113:
108:
83:east of the
74:
72:
30:
28:
18:
1446:Upper Saxon
1085:Upper Saxon
1034:until 1648
960:Spiegelberg
933:Delmenhorst
804:Tecklenburg
668:East Frisia
568:East Frisia
274:Wilson 2016
235:Köbler 2007
196:During the
171:stadtholder
1473:Categories
1442:Burgundian
1429:Franconian
1409:until 1678
1402:until 1659
1395:until 1648
1229:Overijssel
1081:Burgundian
1065:Franconian
1030:from 1648
943:Schaumburg
887:Myllendonk
872:Hallermund
799:Schaumburg
774:Ravensberg
761:Overijssel
746:Dillenburg
647:Bronkhorst
212:References
137:Oversticht
1306:Luxemburg
1195:Groningen
1190:Friesland
965:Steinfurt
926:uncertain
897:Schleiden
877:Holzappel
867:Gronsfeld
840:From 1792
823:Beilstein
819:Winneburg
809:Virneburg
756:Oldenburg
676:Groningen
635:From 1500
590:Luxemburg
460:Paderborn
455:OsnabrĂĽck
217:Footnotes
177:. In the
163:Charles V
146:Landrecht
97:Groningen
89:Henry III
44:‹See Tfd›
1438:Austrian
1413:Bavarian
1368:Besançon
1350:Burgundy
1314:Mechelen
1283:Guelders
1278:Flanders
1255:Remained
1203:Guelders
1077:Austrian
1049:Bavarian
1002:Duisburg
997:Dortmund
938:Fagnolle
902:Wickrath
892:Reckheim
784:Rietberg
684:Guelders
655:Diepholz
642:Bentheim
582:Guelders
554:Arenberg
161:emperor
159:Habsburg
109:de facto
101:burgrave
1417:Swabian
1301:Limburg
1296:Hainaut
1273:Brabant
1263:Antwerp
1245:Zeeland
1237:Utrecht
1224:Holland
1215:Zutphen
1182:Drenthe
1094:
1053:Swabian
1020:Warburg
1007:Herford
992:Cologne
912:Utrecht
862:Gimborn
828:Zutphen
769:Pyrmont
741:Hadamar
660:Drenthe
546:Secular
516:Herford
465:Utrecht
450:MĂĽnster
427:Cambrai
165:in the
68:Drenthe
1360:Cities
1342:County
1268:Artois
1091:
1012:Verden
987:Aachen
979:Cities
924:Status
907:Wittem
847:Anholt
731:Nassau
705:Lingen
623:Counts
613:Verden
598:Minden
573:JĂĽlich
559:Cleves
536:Werden
506:Corvey
473:Verden
445:Minden
435:Corvey
357:
316:
48:German
1384:Breda
1319:Namur
953:Lippe
948:Hesse
857:Gemen
723:Moers
710:Lippe
692:Horne
627:Lords
603:Moers
561:with
531:Thorn
511:Essen
440:Liège
85:Rhine
35:Dutch
1213:and
821:and
814:Wied
794:Sayn
736:Diez
700:Hoya
577:Berg
563:Mark
355:ISBN
314:ISBN
107:was
29:The
306:doi
76:Gau
64:Ems
1475::
1455:·
1448:,
1444:,
1440:,
1431:,
1427:,
1423:,
1419:,
1415:,
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242:^
225:^
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1131:e
1124:t
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575:–
392:e
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363:.
322:.
308::
264:.
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