500:
436:
31:
1017:
1005:
1029:
1050:
487:, which subsequently happened. SolarReserve also filed a lawsuit, claiming that the Department of Energy was looking to appoint two new members to Tonopah Solar Energy's board of managers, giving the appearance of the Energy Department in complete control of Tonopah directors which comprise the entirety of the Tonopah Board of Managers. An interim outcome in this regard was that SolarReserve took down their website and was believed to have ceased operations permanently.
973:, whose progression, skipping first partial year, is a 40% output the first full year, 57% the second full year, the next year the progression was stopped by a problem in October, but resumes with a 73% the fourth and next year. At Crescent Dunes, it was to be expected a similar progression, but the failure of the storage tanks in 2016, froze the commissioning. Following that, first full production year was delayed to 2018, starting with a 40% (200 over 500) output.
3581:
1064:
3593:
403:
projected cost of less than $ 1 billion. The plant suffered several design, construction and technical problems and, having not produced power since April 2019, its sole customer, NV Energy, subsequently terminated their contract. Bloomberg reported that NV Energy was not allowed to sever its agreement with the plant until after the DoE took over the shuttered plant in August 2019.
523:. Each heliostat is made up of 35 6×6 feet (1.8 m) mirror facets, yielding a heliostat overall usable area of 1,245 square feet (115.7 m). Total solar field aperture adds up to 12,882,015 square feet (1,196,778 m). The molten salt circulates from the tower to a storage tank, where it is then used to produce steam and generate electricity.
475:
off-line in
October 2016 due to a leak in a molten salt tank. The owners warned the EPC about flaws in the salt tank foundations (and other matters) with formal comments lodged on the record in March 2012 progress meeting with DOE and its engineer present (the lender did not voice any objection). It returned to operation in July 2017.
491:
less than half of what taxpayers are owed on the outstanding $ 425 million of public debt. Under the settlement agreement and as a function of subsequent repairs, restoration of the plant to power production and acquisition of new long-term customers, ACS Cobra is liable for an additional $ 100 million in otherwise suspended debt.
406:
Since the initial failure of the
Crescent Dunes project, SolarReserve took down their website and is believed to have permanently ceased operations. Upon the developer's silence as the involved parties sought legal recourse, the plant's exact status was publicly unknown for some time and was left to
402:
were the original owners of
Tonopah Solar Energy LLC, the owner and operator of the Crescent Dunes plant. The Crescent Dunes project was subsequently backed by a $ 737 million in U.S. government loan guarantees and by Tonopah partnering with Cobra Thermosolar Plants, Inc. The overall venture had a
981:
The first three months of 2019 (January, February and March) showed good progression, topping all previous monthly data, but in April the plant was shut down because the project's sole buyer, NV Energy, terminated the Power
Purchase Agreement for failure to produce the contracted power production.
526:
Excess thermal energy is stored in the molten salt and could be used to generate power for up to ten hours, including during the evening hours and when direct sunlight is not available. The storage technology thus eliminated the need for any backup fossil fuels, such as natural gas. Melting about
490:
Tonopah Solar Energy filed for bankruptcy on July 30, 2020. Pending the approval of the bankruptcy court, a $ 200 million settlement with the remaining debtors — Tonopah Solar Energy LLC and ACS Cobra — for the return of taxpayer dollars was also announced at the end of July 2020. The amount is
535:
Crescent Dunes was the first large (110 MW) tower CSP with thermal storage. While storage tanks of trough CSP operate at 400 °C (752 °F), Crescent Dunes operated the storage tank at almost 600 °C (1,112 °F), while keeping 280 °C (536 °F) as base (cold) temperature.
474:
Ground was broken on the project in
September 2011. Construction terminated at the end of 2013, followed by several months of testing the plant systems. The project entered commissioning phase in February 2014 following completion of construction. It began operation in September 2015, but went
536:
Higher temperatures differences result in a greater expansion of the tank floor, generating greater compressive forces around the floor plate. At very large diameters, as the big tank of
Crescent Dunes, that resulted in a high probability of failure under cycling loading.
990:. Truly levelized cost comparisons must include the capacity payments for generating capacity available to supply power during peak hours. By doing so, low-to-high hourly wholesale electricity prices have been shown to vary by up to four orders of magnitude.
982:
The power generated also cost NV Energy about $ 135 per megawatt-hour, compared with less than $ 30 per MWh available from a new Nevada photovoltaic solar farm. But to compare fairly, it must be taken into account that the
Tonopah solar project power is
1378:... major decisions — such as bankruptcy proceedings — require a unanimous vote from the managers, the lawsuit alleges that the Energy Department can determine the fate of Tonopah Solar Energy without any representation of SolarReserve on the board
1334:
Bloomberg reports that even though the plant shut down in April 2019, NV Energy was not allowed to sever its agreement with the plant until late in 2019, after the DoE was forced to take over the shuttered plant in August. SolarReserve took the DoE to
478:
The plant having last produced power in April 2019, NV Energy—the project's sole customer—terminated its contract in
October 2019 on the basis of the project having "failed to produce." Alleging a takeover of Tonopah Solar Energy by the
544:
Crescent Dunes began operation in
September 2015, but went off-line in October 2016 due to a leak in a molten salt tank. It returned to operation in July 2017. While its average monthly production was expected to exceed 40,000
410:
While proceeding through its subsequent bankruptcy proceedings, Tonopah Solar Energy stated that it had hopes for a restart of the
Crescent Dunes plant by the end of 2020. According to court documents, Tonopah is owned by
2148:
2114:
390:
and Gemasolar in Spain at 50 MW. As of 2023, it is operated by its new owner; ACS, and in a new contract with NV Energy, it now supplies solar energy at night only, drawing on thermal energy stored each day.
1004:
2338:
1471:
1365:
515:, which carried out the engineering design, procured the equipment and materials necessary, and then constructed and delivered the facility to Tonopah Solar Energy. The project includes 10,347
2255:
2283:
2353:
427:
was confirmed by the court. As one result of this plan's confirmation, Cobra now has operational control of the plant. In July 2021, the project restarted production for NV Energy.
2298:
2293:
2155:
1137:
527:
70,000,000 pounds (32,000,000 kg) of salt took two months. Once melted, the salt stays melted for the life of the plant and is cycled through the receiver for reheating.
1905:
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1016:
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339:
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1353:
969:
of a new thermal plant requires up to four years to achieve 100% operating level, from the first grid connection to full production. As an example the
1421:"The closure of SolarReserve, an isolated case of the concentrated solar power industry | REVE News of the wind sector in Spain and in the world"
1982:
1581:
1434:
1390:
3634:
2323:
1639:
1272:
3251:
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329:
2141:
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69:
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508:
1010:
2012 January – The solar tower under construction as seen from a commercial airliner. The titular Crescent Dunes are at lower right.
1597:
Harry Reid, then the Senate majority leader and senior senator from Nevada, cleared the way for the company to build on public land
1290:
424:
3624:
2621:
1860:
519:
that collect and focus the sun's thermal energy to heat molten salt flowing through an approximately 656-foot (200 m) tall
467:, all power generated by the Crescent Dunes project in the next 25 years would have been sold to NV Energy for $ 0.135 per
3141:
1084:
1968:
423:
On September 11, 2020, the bankruptcy court approved Tonopah Solar Energy's disclosure statement. On December 3, 2020, the
3535:
2986:
2078:
1162:
1079:
3545:
3540:
3166:
2745:
1472:"NV Energy sends termination notice to massive Tonopah solar project, developer accuses Energy Department of taking over"
3126:
2444:
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1182:
480:
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383:
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2800:
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3191:
3111:
3036:
2850:
2845:
2720:
2201:
1726:
1210:"Energy Department Finalizes $ 737 Million Loan Guarantee to Tonopah Solar Energy for Nevada Project"
987:
2054:
3181:
2945:
2905:
2810:
2785:
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1675:
460:
379:
188:
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2715:
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208:
2115:"American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Loans - Award Summary: Tonopah Solar Energy, LLC"
2001:"(PDF) Comparing the Costs of Intermittent and Dispatchable Electricity Generating Technologies"
1260:
499:
435:
308:
30:
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387:
3414:
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2835:
2775:
2750:
2705:
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2480:
2250:
966:
127:
3561:
3286:
3256:
3171:
3021:
2991:
2910:
2790:
2755:
2508:
2184:
1089:
1055:
549:, as of May 2019 it never reached that value and only exceeded half of it during 9 months.
455:(DOE) and the right to build on public land. The capital stack included $ 170,000,000 in
8:
3332:
2915:
2870:
2770:
2516:
1507:"Post bankruptcy, Crescent Dunes CSP plant owner wants project back online by year's end"
399:
363:
2094:
1802:"Energy Department Poised to Lose Up to $ 225 Million on Solar Project Bankruptcy - WSJ"
3201:
3176:
2531:
2133:
273:
57:
1955:... thermal plants require up to four years to ramp-up to 100% operating level...
2996:
2178:
2000:
1555:"Solar plant near Tonopah producing power for NV Energy after stop during bankruptcy"
520:
375:
201:
3276:
3186:
2637:
2454:
2265:
1034:
2024 August - Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project as seen from commerical airliner
530:
3322:
3221:
3076:
2605:
2539:
2475:
2363:
1788:"Tonopah solar project part of $ 200M settlement | Las Vegas Review-Journal"
420:
371:
286:
53:
1273:"US Taxpayer Backed Tonopah Solar Energy Files for Bankruptcy Protection - SWFI"
459:
investment through SolarReserve/ACS Cobra partner CMB Regional Centers. Under a
3566:
3434:
3382:
3342:
3337:
3206:
1361:
448:
298:
3613:
3499:
3424:
3347:
3312:
3016:
2544:
2521:
2419:
2414:
2383:
2318:
1835:"No drama as SolarReserve commissions world's largest CSP tower with storage"
468:
84:
71:
1819:
1776:
SOLARRESERVE CSP HOLDINGS vs.TONOPAH SOLAR ENERGY, LLC - Docket No.2019-0791
1453:"EDITORIAL: Future of Crescent Dunes solar plant near Tonopah appears bleak"
1235:
3504:
3469:
3444:
3377:
3362:
3317:
412:
395:
159:
447:
In late September 2011 Tonopah Solar Energy received a $ 737 million
415:, Cobra Energy Investment LLC, a division of Spanish construction company
3509:
3459:
3419:
3394:
3372:
3357:
2679:
2406:
2212:
348:
3409:
3389:
3246:
2490:
2396:
2170:
2025:
1698:"Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project, Nevada, United States of America"
1391:"America's Concentrated Solar Power Companies Have All but Disappeared"
1291:"DOE Races Against the Clock: Two Solar Loans Closed, Seven More to Go"
484:
3484:
3474:
3449:
3429:
2391:
1138:"VINCI completes the acquisition of ACS's energy business (Cobra IS)"
516:
512:
483:, SolarReserve then raised the possibility of the project filing for
464:
456:
440:
416:
1969:"Salt leak shuts down Crescent Dunes Concentrated Solar Power plant"
1724:
1063:
3489:
3479:
3367:
3327:
1983:"A $ 1 Billion Solar Plant Was Obsolete Before It Ever Went Online"
1582:"A $ 1 Billion Solar Plant Was Obsolete Before It Ever Went Online"
1435:"A $ 1 Billion Solar Plant Was Obsolete Before It Ever Went Online"
367:
279:
170:
1888:"SolarReserve still falling short at flagship solar tower project"
1671:"Nevada solar project to get $ 737 million federal loan guarantee"
1538:"Del. Court Confirms $ 1B Nev. Solar Plant's Ch. 11 Plan - Law360"
1490:"Bankrupt Solar Project Owner Hopes for Year-End Restart - Law360"
1022:
2014 December – Completed site as seen from a commercial airliner.
3439:
3404:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
1759:"Will DOE take the Crescent Dunes solar project into bankruptcy?"
1354:"Tonopah solar plant could end up in bankruptcy, developer says"
3514:
3494:
3454:
3352:
1935:"EuroTrough Helped Cut Ramp-Up Time of China's 100 MW Urat CSP"
531:
The thermal storage high-temperature salt tank buckling failure
266:
386:
technology at full scale (110 MW), following the experimental
1314:"The $ 1 Billion Solar Plant Is an Obsolete, Expensive Flop"
1466:
1464:
1462:
370:(MW) and 1.1 gigawatt-hours of energy storage located near
1725:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (November 10, 2015).
1745:"Nevada solar plant back online after eight-month outage"
546:
2163:
1742:
1459:
1579:
382:(CSP) plant with a central receiver tower and advanced
1352:
Schulz, Bailey (October 7, 2019). Cook, Glenn (ed.).
398:(created via seed funding), US Renewables Group, and
2667:
1045:
1861:"In Tower CSP, thermal storage had issues at first"
1751:
2117:. Recovery.gov. September 21, 2011. Archived from
1383:
1140:(Press release). globalnewswire. December 31, 2021
553:Generation (MW·h) of Crescent Dunes Solar Energy
503:Sunlight heating molten salt in the central tower
3611:
1284:
1282:
1204:
1202:
1200:
993:In July 2021, the project restarted production.
366:project with an installed capacity of 110
3630:Buildings and structures in Nye County, Nevada
1662:
1518:
1516:
1112:"Crescent Dunes 24-Hour Solar Tower Is Online"
2653:
2149:
1580:Chris Martin; Nic Querolo (January 6, 2020).
1501:
1499:
1279:
1212:(Press release). Loan Programs Office (LPO),
1197:
374:, about 190 miles (310 km) northwest of
1415:
1413:
1411:
1236:"Crescent Dunes: Project Under Construction"
16:Solar power station in Nevada, United States
1524:"Tonopah Solar Energy files for bankruptcy"
1513:
2660:
2646:
2156:
2142:
1743:Las Vegas Review-Journal (July 21, 2017).
1496:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1175:"Crescent Dunes Solar Thermal Power Plant"
1668:
1408:
425:Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization plan
378:. Crescent Dunes is the first commercial
1106:
1104:
498:
434:
3635:Energy infrastructure completed in 2016
2622:Goodsprings Waste Heat Recovery Station
1669:Tetreault, Steve (September 28, 2011).
1549:
1547:
1340:
1311:
340:Related media on Commons
104:Post-bankruptcy reorganization, restart
3612:
1966:
1906:"Crescent Dunes Solar Energy, Monthly"
1885:
1832:
1351:
1320:. Hearst Digital Media. Archived from
1312:Delbert, Caroline (January 10, 2020).
1305:
1288:
2641:
2137:
2071:"Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project"
2051:"Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project"
1738:
1736:
1727:"Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project"
1720:
1718:
1101:
1085:Renewable energy in the United States
3592:
3536:American Council on Renewable Energy
2164:Energy resource facilities in Nevada
2095:"SolarReserve, LLC (Crescent Dunes)"
2079:National Renewable Energy Laboratory
1544:
1368:from the original on October 8, 2019
1163:National Renewable Energy Laboratory
1080:List of solar thermal power stations
3546:Solar Energy Industries Association
3541:Interstate Renewable Energy Council
2053:. SolarReserve, LLC. Archived from
1289:Wesoff, Eric (September 29, 2011).
1159:Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project
360:Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project
24:Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project
13:
2075:Concentrating Solar Power Projects
1886:Leitch, David (February 8, 2018).
1841:. FC Business Intelligence Limited
1733:
1715:
1261:What happened with Crescent Dunes?
453:United States Department of Energy
14:
3651:
2043:
1914:Energy Information Administration
3591:
3580:
3579:
2669:Solar power in the United States
2627:List of power stations in Nevada
1062:
1048:
1027:
1015:
1003:
29:
2014:
1993:
1975:
1960:
1927:
1898:
1879:
1853:
1839:CSP Today Business Intelligence
1826:
1812:
1794:
1780:
1769:
1690:
1632:
1602:
1573:
1530:
1482:
1445:
1427:
463:(PPA) between SolarReserve and
394:Startup energy venture company
3625:Solar power stations in Nevada
1833:Hashem, Heba (April 4, 2014).
1265:
1254:
1238:. Loan Programs Office (LPO),
1228:
1167:
1152:
1130:
218:Total collector area
1:
2081:(NREL), DOE. January 20, 2011
986:whilst photovoltaic power is
539:
494:
1941:. SolarPACES. Archived from
221:296 acres (1,200,000 m)
7:
2685:Energy in the United States
1610:"Group IX – Crescent Dunes"
1039:
976:
971:Edwardsport production data
303:196 GW·h over 1 year (2018)
299:Annual net output
158:Tonopah Solar Energy, LLC (
114:; 13 years ago
10:
3656:
996:
794:
430:
384:molten salt energy storage
134:; 8 years ago
3575:
3554:
3528:
3305:
2959:
2693:
2675:
2614:
2591:
2553:
2530:
2507:
2489:
2405:
2382:
2264:
2211:
2202:White Pine Energy Station
2169:
1216:(DOE). September 28, 2011
805:
783:
345:
335:
325:
320:
307:
297:
285:
272:
250:
246:
241:
237:1,670 acres (676 ha)
233:
225:
217:
207:
197:
181:
176:
166:
154:
146:
126:
108:
100:
63:
49:
41:
37:
28:
23:
2279:Blue Mountain Faulkner 1
1910:Electricity Data Browser
1676:Las Vegas Review-Journal
1318:www.popularmechanics.com
1242:(DOE). September 1, 2015
1095:
461:power purchase agreement
380:concentrated solar power
263:Make and model
3520:8minutenergy Renewables
3465:Stirling Energy Systems
2499:Spring Valley Wind Farm
1070:Renewable energy portal
274:Nameplate capacity
109:Construction began
2601:Marketplace substation
1476:The Nevada Independent
1395:www.greentechmedia.com
1181:. 2016. Archived from
504:
444:
255:Units operational
147:Construction cost
2509:Natural gas pipelines
1640:"Nhóm XI – ACS Cobra"
1358:www.reviewjournal.com
806:Production suspended
795:Production suspended
784:Production suspended
502:
438:
421:Banco Santander, S.A.
309:Storage capacity
242:Power generation
213:10347 × 115.72 m
3620:Solar thermal energy
3562:Community solar farm
2028:on February 21, 2021
1945:on December 19, 2021
1090:Solar thermal energy
1056:United States portal
287:Capacity factor
229:2,685 kW·h/m/yr
128:Commission date
2532:Petroleum pipelines
2517:Kern River Pipeline
1806:Wall Street Journal
1423:. February 7, 2020.
1324:on January 21, 2021
1118:. February 22, 2016
554:
439:Workers installing
400:United Technologies
364:solar thermal power
321:External links
198:CSP technology
85:38.2333°N 117.367°W
81: /
3232:Silver State South
3227:Silver State North
3127:Imperial SEC South
3067:Crescent Dunes CSP
2555:Transmission lines
2471:Silver State South
2466:Silver State North
2057:on August 14, 2017
1989:. January 6, 2020.
1967:Santamarta, Jose.
1939:www.solarpaces.org
1865:www.solarpaces.org
1765:. October 7, 2019.
1644:www.cmbeb5visa.com
1614:www.cmbeb5visa.com
1561:. October 14, 2021
1478:. October 6, 2019.
1455:. October 9, 2019.
1441:. January 6, 2020.
552:
505:
445:
226:Site resource
58:Nye County, Nevada
3607:
3606:
3122:Imperial SEC West
3032:California Valley
2635:
2634:
2359:Steamboat Springs
2284:Brady Hot Springs
2256:Walter M. Higgins
2179:Ely Energy Center
1650:on March 28, 2017
1620:on March 28, 2017
1509:. August 3, 2020.
1293:. Greentech Media
963:
962:
521:solar power tower
443:at Crescent Dunes
356:
355:
202:Solar power tower
90:38.2333; -117.367
3647:
3595:
3594:
3583:
3582:
3187:Nevada Solar One
3077:Desert Stateline
3027:California Flats
2662:
2655:
2648:
2639:
2638:
2455:Nevada Solar One
2339:Richard Burdette
2289:Clayton Valley 1
2158:
2151:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2121:on July 14, 2014
2110:
2108:
2106:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2024:. Archived from
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1931:
1925:
1924:
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1920:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1883:
1877:
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1874:
1872:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1808:. July 30, 2020.
1798:
1792:
1791:
1790:. July 30, 2020.
1784:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1740:
1731:
1730:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1702:Power Technology
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1646:. Archived from
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1616:. Archived from
1606:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1526:. July 30, 2020.
1520:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1494:
1493:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1468:
1457:
1456:
1449:
1443:
1442:
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177:Solar farm
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3415:Practical Solar
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3222:Sierra SunTower
3212:San Luis Valley
3132:Imperial Valley
3082:Desert Sunlight
3072:Davidson County
3062:Copper Mountain
2977:Antelope Valley
2955:
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2606:Mead substation
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2260:
2226:Edward W. Clark
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2022:"MIT Economics"
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1867:. April 4, 2023
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1185:on June 4, 2016
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2236:Frank A. Tracy
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2231:Fort Churchill
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2044:External links
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1820:"POLITICO Pro"
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509:EPC Contractor
507:The project's
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449:loan guarantee
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150:$ 975 million
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27:
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19:
3596:
3584:
3505:Tesla Energy
3470:Sundog Solar
3445:SolarReserve
3363:Global Solar
3333:BrightSource
3272:Three Cedars
3177:Mount Signal
3066:
2960:Power plants
2901:South Dakota
2891:Rhode Island
2886:Pennsylvania
2866:North Dakota
2429:
2334:Pumpernickel
2329:North Valley
2299:Dixie Valley
2221:Chuck Lenzie
2196:Reid Gardner
2123:. Retrieved
2119:the original
2103:. Retrieved
2098:
2083:. Retrieved
2074:
2059:. Retrieved
2055:the original
2030:. Retrieved
2026:the original
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2004:. Retrieved
1995:
1986:
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1962:
1954:
1947:. Retrieved
1943:the original
1938:
1929:
1919:December 17,
1917:. Retrieved
1909:
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1892:RenewEconomy
1891:
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1707:December 29,
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1701:
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1648:the original
1643:
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1618:the original
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1398:. Retrieved
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1372:February 26,
1370:. Retrieved
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1333:
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1322:the original
1317:
1307:
1295:. Retrieved
1267:
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1230:
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1187:. Retrieved
1183:the original
1178:
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1142:. Retrieved
1132:
1120:. Retrieved
1115:
992:
988:intermittent
984:dispatchable
980:
964:
543:
534:
525:
506:
489:
477:
473:
446:
413:SolarReserve
409:
407:conjecture.
405:
396:SolarReserve
393:
359:
357:
293:20.3% (2018)
160:SolarReserve
18:
3460:StratoSolar
3373:Grape Solar
3358:First Solar
3292:White House
3282:Webberville
3252:Space Coast
3147:Long Island
3137:Ivanpah CSP
3037:Campo Verde
3012:Blythe Mesa
2987:Avra Valley
2816:Mississippi
2731:Connecticut
2680:Solar power
2593:Substations
2462:(cancelled)
2314:Homestretch
2294:Desert Peak
2241:Harry Allen
2204:(cancelled)
2191:North Valmy
2181:(cancelled)
2032:January 14,
1949:February 8,
1591:February 5,
1565:November 7,
1328:January 27,
1246:January 17,
1179:Grupo COBRA
167:Operator(s)
88: /
76:117°22′01″W
64:Coordinates
3614:Categories
3390:HelioPower
3247:Solar Star
3237:Solana CSP
3217:San Isabel
3172:Mojave CSP
3152:Martin CSP
3142:Kimberlina
3097:Enterprise
2931:Washington
2851:New Mexico
2846:New Jersey
2721:California
2563:One Nevada
2476:Stillwater
2397:Hoover Dam
2364:Stillwater
2344:San Emidio
2266:Geothermal
2246:Silverhawk
2171:Coal fired
2101:. LPO, DOE
1871:August 10,
540:Production
517:heliostats
495:Technology
485:bankruptcy
441:heliostats
313:1,100 MW·h
209:Collectors
73:38°14′00″N
3485:Sungevity
3475:SunEdison
3450:SoloPower
3430:SolarEdge
3306:Companies
3287:Westlands
3257:Springbok
3197:Red Hills
3102:Escalante
3092:El Dorado
3047:Centinela
3002:Blue Wing
2946:Wisconsin
2906:Tennessee
2811:Minnesota
2786:Louisiana
2460:Sandstone
2440:El Dorado
2392:Davis Dam
2369:Tuscarora
2349:Soda Lake
2213:Gas fired
2061:April 28,
1987:Bloomberg
1654:March 27,
1624:March 27,
1586:Bloomberg
513:ACS Cobra
465:NV Energy
451:from the
417:ACS Group
388:Solar Two
376:Las Vegas
3586:Category
3490:SunPower
3480:Sunetric
3368:GoodLeap
3328:BP Solar
3207:Roserock
3162:Mesquite
3112:Holaniku
3057:Comanche
3052:Cimarron
3042:Catalina
3022:Brockton
2926:Virginia
2876:Oklahoma
2856:New York
2831:Nebraska
2821:Missouri
2806:Michigan
2796:Maryland
2781:Kentucky
2761:Illinois
2736:Delaware
2726:Colorado
2716:Arkansas
2694:By state
2309:Galena 3
2304:Galena 2
2198:(closed)
2187:(closed)
2099:Projects
1366:Archived
1144:July 17,
1122:June 15,
1040:See also
977:Shutdown
871:100,666
764:195,810
676:127,338
368:megawatt
171:Vinci SA
155:Owner(s)
50:Location
3598:Commons
3500:Suntech
3440:Solaren
3425:Skyline
3405:Miasole
3313:Abengoa
3297:Wyandot
3267:Techren
3202:Redwood
3107:Genesis
3017:Boulder
2972:Alamosa
2951:Wyoming
2921:Vermont
2826:Montana
2766:Indiana
2746:Georgia
2741:Florida
2711:Arizona
2701:Alabama
2583:Path 64
2578:Path 62
2573:Path 46
2568:Path 27
2420:Boulder
2374:Wabuska
2274:Beowawe
2125:July 2,
1220:July 2,
1189:May 26,
997:Gallery
915:80,236
827:74,721
787:50,168
720:42,029
431:History
372:Tonopah
336:Commons
326:Website
137: (
117: (
54:Tonopah
42:Country
3515:Yingli
3495:Sunrun
3455:Sopogy
3410:Mosaic
3400:Maxeon
3383:Qcells
3378:Hanwha
3353:eSolar
3318:Ascent
3262:Sunset
3182:Nellis
3117:Hooper
3087:DeSoto
3007:Blythe
2992:Beacon
2982:Avenal
2881:Oregon
2836:Nevada
2776:Kansas
2751:Hawaii
2706:Alaska
2481:Toquop
2450:Nellis
2251:Toquop
2185:Mohave
1845:May 6,
1335:court.
938:26,227
935:20,968
932:13,516
912:6,067
909:10,590
906:18,060
903:13,784
900:14,563
868:7,475
865:10,590
862:24,710
859:22,166
838:12,238
835:14,635
824:5,088
821:17,489
818:11,929
815:20,796
812:15,445
778:20,041
775:14,431
772:12,889
761:8,189
755:21,253
752:31,632
749:33,169
746:23,749
743:33,387
740:10,653
737:13,801
708:13,666
664:30,514
661:28,267
658:25,560
652:11,485
632:3,534
597:Total
267:Alstom
162:, LLC)
101:Status
3555:Other
3510:Trina
3420:Sharp
3395:Jinko
3323:Ausra
3277:Topaz
3167:Moapa
3157:McCoy
2997:Bison
2911:Texas
2791:Maine
2756:Idaho
2615:Other
2407:Solar
1096:Notes
929:6,448
926:4,122
923:4,556
920:2024
897:6,649
882:2,086
879:8,437
876:2023
856:8,852
832:2022
809:3,974
803:2021
792:2020
781:2,807
769:2019
758:8,130
734:5,907
731:5,145
725:2018
711:9,263
705:9,192
702:9,420
681:2017
667:5,410
655:6,216
649:2,158
646:7,099
643:9,121
640:1,508
637:2016
626:1,831
623:1,703
602:2015
362:is a
347:[
3242:SEGS
2936:D.C.
2916:Utah
2871:Ohio
2771:Iowa
2491:Wind
2415:Apex
2127:2014
2107:2014
2087:2011
2063:2015
2034:2021
2008:2023
1951:2022
1921:2021
1873:2023
1847:2014
1709:2016
1684:2011
1656:2017
1626:2017
1593:2020
1567:2021
1559:KLAS
1402:2023
1374:2020
1330:2022
1299:2011
1248:2016
1222:2014
1191:2019
1146:2022
1124:2016
965:The
558:Year
511:was
457:EB-5
419:and
358:The
278:110
182:Type
139:2016
132:2016
119:2011
112:2011
728:795
714:488
594:Dec
591:Nov
588:Oct
585:Sep
582:Aug
579:Jul
576:Jun
573:May
570:Apr
567:Mar
564:Feb
561:Jan
547:MWh
481:DOE
189:CSP
3616::
2097:.
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1985:.
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1103:^
959:-
956:-
798:0
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280:MW
56:,
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351:]
315:e
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