1650:
1427:
1926:
79:
1477:
1461:
1357:
313:
1377:
1614:
925:
992:
1587:
461:
59:
604:
70:
1396:
1508:
1871:
878:
1841:
1496:
50:
1666:
1907:
440:
1956:
964:
948:
1856:
301:
2523:"After king Nasr ad din had fled to Cairo in 1397 to beg assistance against his cousin, the King of Nubia is depicted with a yellow flag with a white crescent but also with a yellow shield with a white crescent. At the same time the yellow crescented flag waves over all the Mameluk Empire. The flag of the Sultan of Egypt is yellow with three white crescents. From this we may conclude that any autonomy of the Nubian king was over at the time." Hubert de Vries,
1891:
1008:
980:
1586:
859:
898:
1227:
of Rome made just a few weeks after the battle, and the
Martino Rota of Venice in the following year, show the Ottoman vessels displaying flags with one or several crescents in various orientations (as do the monumental paintings commissioned later based on these prints). Rota also shows numerous
1311:
magazine, established 1980), some Muslim publications tend to emphasize that the interpretation of the crescent, historically used on the banners of Muslim armies, as a "religious symbol" of Islam was an error made by the "Christians of Europe". The identification of the crescent as an "Islamic
494:
The tapered regions towards the points of intersection of the two arcs are known as the "horns" of the crescent. The classical crescent shape has its horns pointing upward (and is often worn as horns when worn as a crown or diadem, e.g. in depictions of the lunar goddess, or in the headdress of
2567:
L' ultimo Et vero
Ritrato Di la vitoria de L'armata Cristiana de la santissima liga Contre a L'armata TurcheschĂ , 1571. Antonio Lafreri , Lâordine tenuto dallâarmata della santa Lega Christiana contro il Turcho , n'e seguita la felicissima Vittoria li sette d'Ottobre MDLXXI
1613:
2537:
2545:
2541:
1129:
by the
Islamic armies from at least the 13th century, although the scholarly consensus holds that the widespread use of the crescent in Islam develops later, during the 14th to 15th century. The use of such flags is reflected in the 14th-century
1426:
534:, where the word "increscent" refers to a crescent shape with its horns to the left, and "decrescent" refers to one with its horns to the right, while the word "crescent" on its own denotes a crescent shape with horns pointing upward.
1228:
crescent finials, both on ships and on fortresses depicted in the background, as well as some finials with stars or suns radiant, and in some cases a sun radiant combined with a crescent in the star-and-crescent configuration.
1649:
1395:
2620:"There is no more common error than the supposition that the crescent (or rather crescent and star) is an Islamic symbol, and even approved writers on Oriental subjects are apt to fall into it." James Hastings,
1547:), it is called "a crescent decrescent" (or "a decrescent"). A crescent with horns pointing down is called "a crescent reversed". Two crescents with horns pointing away from each other are called "addorsed".
522:). As seen from the northern hemisphere, the waxing Moon tends to appear with its horns pointing towards the left, and conversely the waning Moon with its horns pointing towards the right; the English word
1925:
2218:
On
December 14, 1992, the Army Chief of Chaplains requested that an insignia be created for future Muslim chaplains, and the design (a crescent) was completed January 8, 1993. Emerson, William K.,
1607:
and three crescents argent); no. 120: John Peche (gules, a crescent or, on a chief argent two mullets gules); no. 128: Rauf de
Stopeham (argent, two (of three) crescents and a canton gules).
2599:
30 (1942), p. 70., "many Muslim scholars reject using the crescent moon as a symbol of Islam. The faith of Islam historically had no symbol, and many refuse to accept it.", Fiaz Fazli,
2333:
1539:
since the 13th century. In heraldic terminology, the term "crescent" when used alone refers to a crescent with the horns pointing upward. A crescent with the horns pointing left (
1877:
2714:"Ihsanoglu urges international community to recognize state of Palestine at the United Nations, historic change of OIC logo and name to Organisation of the Islamic Cooperation"
1216:(1486) consistently depicts cities in the Holy Land with crescent finials. Flags with crescents appear to have been used on Ottoman vessels since at least the 16th century.
1356:
1102:, after the fall of Constantinople and her emigration to Italy, made a seal with her coat of arms which included "two lions holding above the crescent a cross or a sword".
836:, the virgin hunter goddess associated with the Moon. Numerous depictions show Artemis-Diana wearing the crescent Moon as part of her headdress. The related symbol of the
1476:
1078:, used arms with "a crescent of gold on a shade of azure, with a blazing star of eight points". Later, King Richard granted the same as the coat of arms of the city of
1460:
2254:
451:(shaded areas). Examples in the top row can be considered crescent shapes, because the lune does not contain the center of the original (right-most) circular disk.
1291:
1376:
897:
1870:
1823:
280:
1558:
Azure, a crescent moon argent pierced by an arrow fesswise Or all between in chief three mullets of six points and in base two mullets of six points argent
1224:
346:
lunar phase, "crescent" or "increscent" refers to the waxing first quarter, while the symbol representing the waning final quarter is called "decrescent".
2226:. Prior to its association with Islam, a crescent badge had already been used in the US military for the rank of commissary sergeant (Emerson 1996:261f).
1507:
2783:
1881:
225:
is often shown wearing a crescent moon on his head, symbolising his control over time, as well as his attributes of both creation and destruction.
1712:
2636:
2427:
2418:
1082:, in recognition of the significant involvement of soldiers, sailors, and vessels from Portsmouth in the conquest of Cyprus. This remains
858:
257:
2507:
1819:
symbol for subsistence items. The symbol is used on packaged foodstuffs but not on fresh produce or on items intended for resale.
877:
734:
685:
652:
2774:
1191:
was associated with the Moon in classical mythology. In reference to this, feminine jewelry representing crescents, especially
2739:
2622:
545:
as seen by the viewer appears in a different shape from what is generally termed a crescent in planar geometry: Assuming the
2654:
2595:"Like the Crusaders, the Christians of Europe were misled into a belief that the crescent was the religious symbol of Islam"
2200:
2190:
1906:
709:
561:
2257:. Florence, Italy: Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza (Institute and Museum of the History of Science). Archived from
2389:
1725:
is nicknamed "the
Crescent City", and a crescent (or crescent and star) is used to represent the city in official emblems.
2258:
2151:
1890:
1749:
1665:
928:
2850:
2830:
2646:
1737:
78:
491:
which intersect at two points. In a crescent, the enclosed shape does not include the center of the original disk.
284:
2787:
1299:
2297:
The new Moon at sunset and the old Moon at sunrise, when observed with horns pointing upward, is also known as "
1840:
2414:
1495:
2683:
2834:
1331:
1305:
While some
Islamic organisations since the 1970s have embraced the crescent as their logo or emblem (e.g.
312:
2869:
1283:
487:
with a portion of another disk removed from it, so that what remains is a shape enclosed by two circular
2713:
1543:) is called "a crescent increscent" (or simply "an increscent"), and when the horns are pointing right (
1105:
From its use in the
Sasanian Empire, the crescent also found its way into Islamic iconography after the
2395:
1897:
1827:
1320:
1682:
1316:
as a "common error" to which "even approved writers on
Oriental subjects" are prone as early as 1928.
2874:
2070:
A closing crescent is made by removing the overlapping part of a smaller circle from a larger circle.
1950:
1106:
31:
17:
1627:(16th century). Its reversed crescent was taken up in the 20th-century municipal coats of arms of
557:
and a half-circle, with the major axis of the ellipse coinciding with a diameter of the semicircle.
2549:
2457:
1855:
1816:
1656:
1367:
1169:
1067:
972:
526:
may however refer to the shape regardless of its orientation, except for the technical language of
2580:
1728:
Crescents, often with faces, are found on numerous modern municipal coats of arms in Europe, e.g.
2162:
2090:
1971:
1704:
1132:
924:
841:
663:
420:
2133:
1846:
1700:
1636:
1549:
1307:
2488:
2223:
1570:
Per pale Or and sable, a crescent moon and in chief three mullets of six points counterchanged
2801:
2608:
2504:
2400:
2319:
2138:
1577:
1268:
991:
814:
666:
358:
261:
2280:
2037:
2032:
1975:
1075:
639:
343:
272:
1206:
603:
560:
Unicode encodes a crescent (increscent) at U+263D (âœ) and a decrescent at U+263E (âŸ). The
460:
8:
2485:
The
Crescent on the Temple: The Dome of the Rock as Image of the Ancient Jewish Sanctuary
2432:
2423:
2315:
2098:
1987:
1983:
1692:
1688:
1113:
is said to have hung two crescent-shaped ornaments captured from the Sasanian capital of
1000:
428:
412:
229:
2767:
2284:
1640:
2338:
2022:
1805:
1363:
1200:
1145:
911:
825:
799:
546:
484:
424:
416:
1695:
representing the Moon. Use of a standalone crescent in flags is less common than the
423:(described with "the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars" in
380:, the personification of the Moon is shown with a crescent attached to her headdress.
2846:
2826:
2749:
2650:
2642:
2501:
Flags through the ages: A guide to the world of flags, banners, standards and ensigns
2196:
2027:
1696:
1530:
1406:
1402:
1232:
1220:
1188:
1122:
1051:
888:
845:
837:
833:
779:
775:
748:
388:
245:
237:
218:
58:
2879:
2743:
2696:
geteilt von Blau mit gestĂŒrztem goldenem Halbmond und von Gold mit zwei roten Rosen
1991:
1960:
1861:
1708:
1445:
1347:
1334:
is a circle flanked by a left facing and right facing crescent, which represents a
1165:
1071:
1039:
996:
956:
427:) The most well known representation of Mary as the Woman of the Apocalypse is the
233:
165:
127:
2732:
1970:
may also refer to objects with a shape reminiscent of the crescent shape, such as
940:
2889:
2884:
2511:
1979:
1812:
1536:
1437:
1063:
907:
868:
795:
783:
625:
480:
448:
444:
159:
69:
2748:
The origin is the crescent shape of the old city, hugging the East Bank of the
2411:
2124:
2106:
1339:
1313:
1149:
1099:
1059:
1055:
505:
488:
300:
2585:(in Turkish). Vol. 4. Istanbul: TĂŒrkiye Diyanet Vakfı. 1991. p. 298.
2244:
Neugebauer, Otto; Van Hoesen, H. B. (1987). Greek Horoscopes. pp. 1, 159, 163.
2863:
2638:
Walking in Two Worlds: The Relational Self in Theory, Practice, and Community
2553:
2143:
2119:
1486:
1433:
1417:
1386:
1324:
1286:
appears to have resulted in a gradual association of the crescent shape with
1276:
1244:
1236:
1176:
1137:
1126:
632:
610:
2698:("per fess azure a crescent reversed or and of the second two roses gules")
2166:
1733:
1279:
of Egypt, red with three white crescents, each accompanied by a white star.
1026:
The crescent remained in use as an emblem in the Sasanian Empire, used as a
500:
2017:
1936:
1753:
1262:
1089:
1012:
952:
932:
903:
818:
771:. The crescent and star also appears on pre-Islamic coins of South Arabia.
696:
550:
439:
1955:
1769:
1624:
963:
466:
An astronomically correct crescent shape (shaded area), complemented by a
49:
2761:
2524:
2042:
1995:
1831:
1761:
1722:
1716:
1628:
1593:
1467:
1240:
947:
752:
553:, the crescent Moon will actually appear as the figure bounded by a half-
400:
376:
339:
319:
203:
2061:
On an open crescent the tips are polar opposites on the orb of the moon.
391:
is preserved in the Moon (as symbolised by a crescent) representing the
1917:
1785:
1517:
1094:
1083:
1079:
968:
817:, was depicted with a crescent upon her head, often referred to as her
392:
324:
2271:
Maunder, A. S. D. (1934). "The origin of the symbols of the planets".
206:(as it appears in the northern hemisphere) in the first quarter (the "
2711:
In 2011 replaced with a logo showing a crescent engulfing the globe.
2004:
1932:
1757:
1745:
1553:(1605) has 48 coats of arms with one or more crescents, for example:
1335:
1295:
1248:
1212:
1114:
849:
624:
The crescent shape is used to represent the Moon, and the Moon deity
404:
370:
350:
253:
2822:
2604:
2334:
Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs
2298:
1789:
1255:
1047:
1031:
1016:
821:, and a major identifying feature of hers in ancient works of art.
756:
699:
hieroglyph representing the "moon with its lower half obscured (N9
531:
408:
1416:) shows a variety of naval flags with crescents attributed to the
2360:
1773:
1729:
1632:
1161:
1020:
1007:
864:
829:
791:
768:
764:
760:
629:
607:
554:
468:
362:
249:
2367:
to the Sumerians), the crescent of Sin (Nanna), and the star of
2350:
Tombs and Moon Temple of Hureidah, Gertrude Caton Thompson, p.76
1604:
1179:
standing or sitting on a crescent develops in the 15th century.
537:
The shape of the lit side of a spherical body (most notably the
365:. The astrological use of the symbol is attested in early Greek
2372:
2368:
2156:
1801:
1781:
1777:
1765:
1741:
1620:
1514:
1382:
1192:
1043:
1035:
979:
884:
810:
787:
527:
384:
366:
354:
268:
241:
207:
199:
195:
2008:(the French form of the word) for the crescent-shaped pastry.
1243:(1757â1774) and its use became well-established during Sultan
719:
675:"moon" (with increscent and decrescent variants); variant N12
670:
183:
145:
2503:, (2000) section 'the Muslim crescent', cited by Ivan Sache,
1999:
1797:
1793:
1343:
1287:
1272:
1196:
1157:
1141:
1118:
349:
The crescent symbol was long used as a symbol of the Moon in
276:
222:
2548:). GrĂŒnenberg's pilgrimage took place still during the late
2301:" in English, in an expression loaned from Hawaiian culture.
1125:. The crescent appears to have been adopted as an emblem on
1944:
1153:
1110:
984:
538:
335:
211:
177:
139:
2320:
http://www7b.biglobe.ne.jp/~bprince/hr/foxdavies/index.htm
1659:(Holland and Brabant), around 1440, shows three crescents.
2375:
to the Sumerians)". Irving L. Finkel, Markham J. Geller,
2364:
2192:
Symbols in Arts, Religion and Culture: The Soul of Nature
1513:
A circle with an upward facing crescent representing the
1027:
790:(the planet Venus), often combined into a triad with the
542:
403:), and (Artemis-Diana being a virgin goddess) especially
396:
2220:
Encyclopedia of United States Army Insignia and Uniforms
1592:
Three examples of coats of arms with crescents from the
1074:
who ruled Cyprus until overthrown by the crusading King
2819:
Women of Classical Mythology: A Biographical Dictionary
2784:"iROCKET Learning Module: Glomerular Pathology, Case I"
541:) that appears to be less than half illuminated by the
334:
The crescent symbol is primarily used to represent the
2437:
2316:
https://archive.org/details/completeguidetoh00foxduoft
1699:
combination. Crescents without stars are found in the
747:
The crescent was well used in the iconography of the
180:
171:
142:
133:
2684:
An Ordinary of Siebmacher's Wappenbuch (ellipsis.cx)
186:
174:
148:
136:
1050:in general) and was widely used (often alongside a
168:
130:
2794:
1302:of 1877/8, and it was officially adopted in 1929.
1294:appears to have been used as a replacement of the
210:moon"), or by extension a symbol representing the
2665:
2663:
2573:
2235:Alchemy and Symbols, By M. E. Glidewell, Epsilon.
1882:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
1822:Since 1993, the crescent has also been in use as
1564:Azure, an increscent and a decrescent addorsed Or
1195:, became popular in the early modern period. The
516:"to grow", technically denoting the waxing moon (
2861:
2641:. Zeig Tucker & Theisen Publishers. p. 148.
2635:Gilligan, Stephen G., and Simon, Dvorah (2004).
1261:(decree) from 1793 states that the ships in the
642:representing the Moon also had a crescent shape
2843:The Origins of Portsmouth and the First Charter
1713:flag of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1576:In English heraldry, the crescent is used as a
2660:
2359:"the three celestial emblems, the sun disk of
2195:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 338.
508:from the present participle of the Latin verb
2700:Historisch-Biographisches Lexikon der Schweiz
2474:(1959), p. 50, cited after Berger (2012:164).
2214:
2212:
1253:
1121:. The crescent also became the symbol of the
620:BC, showing the Moon god as a crescent symbol
2097: 'crescent-shaped ornaments'; from
2188:
2002:roughly forming a crescent shape), and the
1140:. Examples include the flags attributed to
724:, with a variant with a crescent shape N10
517:
510:
2341:, Oxford, 1957 (1st edition 1927), p. 486.
2209:
1239:symbol started during the reign of Sultan
1182:
1683:Star and crescent § Contemporary use
1671:Inverted crescent on Polish coat of arms.
258:veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church
1954:
1385:lancers, early 16th century (etching by
1175:The Roman Catholic fashion of depicting
1006:
990:
978:
962:
946:
923:
602:
438:
2377:Sumerian Gods and Their Representations
2270:
1319:The crescent was used on a flag of the
14:
2862:
2775:rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
2314:(1909), p. 289. Online texts at
805:
419:, by the association of Mary with the
306:Sun and Moon with faces (1493 woodcut)
2840:
2443:
1282:The association of the crescent with
1203:" also wears a crescent on her head.
1030:regal or astrological symbol. In the
562:Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs
279:, and the crescent was introduced as
275:, it has also become associated with
971:, derived from the Medieval arms of
828:, the crescent became the symbol of
564:block provides variants with faces:
2718:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
2623:EncyclopĂŠdia of Religion and Ethics
1676:
1603:): No. 118: Willem FitzLel (sable
1086:'s coat of arms up to the present.
914:. Note the crescent above the arch.
848:and was also used as the emblem of
24:
2461:, Vol. XII, page 292, Athens, 1930
2189:Chwalkowski, Farrin (2016-12-14).
1994:(the fertile area of land between
1350:bears peculiar resemblance to it.
1034:it came to be associated with the
338:, not necessarily in a particular
323:of Sun and Moon in a 16th-century
25:
2901:
2105: 'crescent shape'; from
1442:A Sea Fight with Barbary Corsairs
2626:, Volumes 11-12 (1928), p. 145.
2556:) of control over the Holy Land.
1924:
1905:
1889:
1869:
1854:
1839:
1664:
1648:
1612:
1585:
1535:The crescent has been used as a
1506:
1494:
1475:
1459:
1425:
1394:
1375:
1355:
896:
876:
857:
755:in the 8th century BC as far as
598:
479:The crescent shape is a type of
459:
311:
299:
285:United States military chaplains
164:
126:
77:
68:
57:
48:
2755:
2705:
2689:
2676:
2629:
2614:
2589:
2559:
2530:
2525:Muslim Nubia (hubert-herald.nl)
2517:
2493:
2477:
2464:
2449:
2405:
2382:
2353:
2344:
2325:
2304:
1687:The crescent remains in use as
1566:(von Stoternheim, p. 146);
1432:A naval battle painting of the
1223:(1571), including the print by
628:from an early time, visible in
2291:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2182:
2083:
2064:
2055:
1945:Other things called "crescent"
1572:(von Bodenstein, p. 182).
1275:in 1805, introduced the first
919:
13:
1:
2811:
2779:crescentic glomerulonephritis
2671:A complete guide to heraldry
2470:Oleg Grabar, "Umayyad Dome,"
1986:(crescent shaped scar of the
1597:
1449:
1410:
614:
483:, the latter consisting of a
383:Its ancient association with
2657:. Retrieved 03 January 2022.
2312:A Complete Guide to Heraldry
2048:
1501:Symbol of the Triple Goddess
931:of Madonna on the crescent (
720:
671:
575:FIRST QUARTER MOON WITH FACE
290:
244:. It was also the emblem of
7:
2740:"History of the NOPD Badge"
2669:Arthur Charles Fox-Davies,
2310:Arthur Charles Fox-Davies,
2011:
1931:Coat of arms of the 1st-54
1715:(1981) and the flag of the
1524:
1483:Portrait of a Lady as Diana
1066:by the later 13th century.
867:with horns, statuette from
794:. It was inherited both in
695:). In addition, there is a
588:LAST QUARTER MOON WITH FACE
342:. When used to represent a
10:
2906:
2396:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1948:
1898:Nationalist Movement Party
1680:
1528:
1325:Liberty (or Moultrie) Flag
1321:American Revolutionary War
824:In the iconography of the
726:
701:
677:
644:
593:
111:crescent art in roundabout
29:
2255:"Bianchini's planisphere"
2125:Dictionary.com Unabridged
1951:Crescent (disambiguation)
1754:Michelfeld (Angelbachtal)
1701:South Carolina state flag
1655:This coat of arms of the
1560:(von Hagen, p. 176);
1466:Madonna on the crescent,
1401:The painting of the 1571
1362:Triple crescent badge of
1231:The official adoption of
1107:Muslim conquest of Persia
32:Crescent (disambiguation)
2458:Great Greek Encyclopedia
2394:Roman Sarcophagi in the
2115:See e.g. the following:
2113: 'growing, waxing'.
2077:
1976:a type of solitaire game
1916:logo is painted on many
1817:US Department of Defense
1811:The crescent printed on
1312:symbol" is mentioned by
1098:of the Byzantine Empire
1068:Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus
973:Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus
434:
395:(as juxtaposed with the
260:, it is associated with
252:, and hence represented
2424:13213 (Selene, Luna 21)
2163:Oxford University Press
1776:(from the 16th-century
1705:All India Muslim League
1580:denoting a second son.
1290:in the 20th century. A
1251:(1789â1807) periods. A
1247:(1774â1789) and Sultan
1183:Early modern and modern
1133:Libro del Conoscimiento
1092:, daughter of the last
421:Woman of the Apocalypse
415:, the crescent entered
27:Symbol of a lunar phase
2845:. City of Portsmouth.
2433:13181 (Selene, Luna 4)
1963:
1847:Flag of South Carolina
1550:Siebmachers Wappenbuch
1308:Crescent International
1271:, who became Pasha of
1254:
1070:, the claimant to the
1023:
1004:
988:
976:
960:
944:
840:was the emblem of the
621:
518:
511:
472:shape (unshaded area).
452:
353:, and by extension of
202:used to represent the
2841:Quail, Sarah (1994).
2790:on December 12, 2012.
2159:UK English Dictionary
2139:CollinsDictionary.com
1972:houses forming an arc
1958:
1681:Further information:
1529:Further information:
1470:church (17th century)
1219:Prints depicting the
1010:
994:
982:
966:
950:
927:
635:as early as 2300 BC.
606:
442:
373:. In the 2nd-century
267:From its use as roof
262:Mary, mother of Jesus
2565:Agostino Barberigo,
2038:Astrological symbols
2033:Astronomical symbols
1990:of the kidney), the
1935:Battalion "TetuĂĄn" (
1619:Coat of arms of the
1076:Richard I of England
995:Coat of Arms of the
983:Flag of the town of
751:and was used by the
495:Persian kings, etc.
93:waxing crescent moon
30:For other uses, see
2582:Ä°slĂąm Ansiklopedisi
2285:1934Obs....57..238M
1984:glomerular crescent
1693:astronomical symbol
1689:astrological symbol
1323:and was called the
1298:as early as in the
1062:. It was used as a
1001:Mecia de Viladestes
806:Classical antiquity
782:, representing the
778:also arises in the
774:The combination of
429:Virgin of Guadalupe
413:Christian symbolism
359:corresponding metal
236:, and hence as the
230:astrological symbol
2870:Phases of the Moon
2773:. It is a sign of
2682:Sara L. Uckelman,
2607:, September 2009,
2510:2016-03-22 at the
2379:, Styx, 1997, p71.
2339:Griffith Institute
2023:Lune (mathematics)
1964:
1364:Henry II of France
1330:The symbol of the
1284:the Ottoman Empire
1225:Agostino Barberigo
1211:Pilgrimage to the
1024:
1005:
989:
977:
961:
945:
826:Hellenistic period
640:Egyptian logograph
622:
453:
417:Marian iconography
228:It is used as the
2817:Bell, Robert E.,
2802:"Renal Pathology"
2750:Mississippi River
2702:, vol. V, p. 243.
2655:978-1-932462-11-1
2455:Tipaldos, G. E.,
2446:, pp. 14â18.
2202:978-1-4438-5728-4
2028:Star and crescent
1830:chaplains in the
1707:(1906-1947), the
1697:star and crescent
1531:Star and crescent
1407:Tommaso Dolabella
1403:Battle of Lepanto
1300:Russo-Turkish War
1233:star and crescent
1221:Battle of Lepanto
1207:Conrad GrĂŒnenberg
1168:in 1339) and the
1123:Umayyad Caliphate
967:The City Flag of
889:Roman sarcophagus
846:Kingdom of Pontus
838:star and crescent
780:ancient Near East
776:star and crescent
749:ancient Near East
742:
741:
738:
737:
717:
716:
713:
712:
693:
692:
689:
688:
660:
659:
656:
655:
399:representing the
238:alchemical symbol
219:Hindu Iconography
16:(Redirected from
2897:
2875:Heraldic charges
2856:
2835:Internet Archive
2806:
2805:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2786:. Archived from
2771:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2742:. Archived from
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2709:
2703:
2693:
2687:
2680:
2674:
2667:
2658:
2633:
2627:
2618:
2612:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2577:
2571:
2563:
2557:
2534:
2528:
2521:
2515:
2514:, 11 March 2001
2497:
2491:
2483:Pamela Berger,
2481:
2475:
2468:
2462:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2409:
2403:
2386:
2380:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2342:
2337:. 3rd Ed., pub.
2329:
2323:
2308:
2302:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2227:
2216:
2207:
2206:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2165:. Archived from
2147:
2129:
2087:
2071:
2068:
2062:
2059:
1992:Fertile Crescent
1961:Fertile Crescent
1928:
1909:
1893:
1884:around the world
1873:
1862:Flag of Maldives
1858:
1843:
1709:flag of Maldives
1677:Contemporary use
1668:
1652:
1641:canton of ZĂŒrich
1616:
1602:
1599:
1589:
1510:
1498:
1479:
1463:
1454:
1451:
1446:Laureys a Castro
1429:
1415:
1412:
1398:
1379:
1368:ChĂąteau d'Ăcouen
1359:
1348:biohazard symbol
1265:have that flag.
1259:
1170:Mamluks of Egypt
1166:Angelino Dulcert
1072:Byzantine Empire
1040:Byzantine Empire
997:Mamluks of Egypt
957:Angelino Dulcert
900:
880:
871:-era Mesopotamia
861:
731:
730:
727:
723:
706:
705:
702:
682:
681:
678:
674:
649:
648:
645:
619:
616:
589:
586:
583:
581:
576:
573:
570:
568:
521:
514:
463:
393:female principle
344:waxing or waning
315:
303:
193:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
163:
155:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
105:closing crescent
81:
72:
61:
52:
42:
21:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2860:
2859:
2853:
2814:
2809:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2782:
2772:
2768:
2760:
2756:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2723:
2721:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2694:
2690:
2681:
2677:
2673:(1909), p. 289.
2668:
2661:
2634:
2630:
2619:
2615:
2594:
2590:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2560:
2535:
2531:
2522:
2518:
2512:Wayback Machine
2498:
2494:
2482:
2478:
2469:
2465:
2454:
2450:
2442:
2438:
2410:
2406:
2387:
2383:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2331:A.H. Gardiner,
2330:
2326:
2309:
2305:
2296:
2292:
2273:The Observatory
2264:
2262:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2187:
2183:
2172:
2170:
2150:
2132:
2118:
2114:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2014:
1980:Crescent Nebula
1953:
1947:
1940:
1929:
1920:
1910:
1901:
1894:
1885:
1874:
1865:
1859:
1850:
1844:
1813:military ration
1780:coat of arms);
1685:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1660:
1653:
1644:
1617:
1608:
1600:
1590:
1537:heraldic charge
1533:
1527:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1499:
1490:
1480:
1471:
1464:
1455:
1452:
1438:Ottoman Algiers
1430:
1421:
1413:
1399:
1390:
1380:
1371:
1360:
1346:archetype. The
1185:
1164:(documented by
1064:heraldic charge
943:, 15th century)
922:
915:
912:pre-Islamic era
908:Sasanian Empire
901:
892:
881:
872:
862:
844:dynasty in the
808:
617:
601:
596:
587:
584:
579:
578:
574:
571:
566:
565:
477:
476:
475:
474:
473:
464:
449:planar geometry
437:
332:
331:
330:
329:
328:
316:
308:
307:
304:
293:
273:Ottoman mosques
167:
158:
157:
129:
125:
118:
117:
116:
115:
114:
84:
83:
82:
74:
73:
64:
63:
62:
54:
53:
44:
43:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2903:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2858:
2857:
2851:
2838:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2793:
2766:
2754:
2746:on 2013-07-24.
2731:
2720:. 28 June 2011
2704:
2688:
2675:
2659:
2628:
2613:
2597:Islamic Review
2588:
2572:
2558:
2544:), Jerusalem (
2536:so for Jaffa (
2529:
2516:
2492:
2476:
2472:Ars orientalis
2463:
2448:
2436:
2412:British Museum
2404:
2381:
2352:
2343:
2324:
2303:
2290:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2208:
2201:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2148:
2130:
2128:(Online). n.d.
2091:Middle English
2081:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2063:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2010:
1949:Main article:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1930:
1923:
1921:
1911:
1904:
1902:
1896:Symbol of the
1895:
1888:
1886:
1875:
1868:
1866:
1860:
1853:
1851:
1845:
1838:
1824:chaplain badge
1711:(1965), the
1678:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1663:
1661:
1657:Divorde family
1654:
1647:
1645:
1618:
1611:
1609:
1591:
1584:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1512:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1493:
1491:
1481:
1474:
1472:
1465:
1458:
1456:
1431:
1424:
1422:
1418:Ottoman Empire
1400:
1393:
1391:
1381:
1374:
1372:
1361:
1354:
1332:Triple Goddess
1314:James Hastings
1184:
1181:
1127:military flags
1100:Loukas Notaras
1056:Crusader seals
921:
918:
917:
916:
902:
895:
893:
882:
875:
873:
863:
856:
807:
804:
740:
739:
736:
735:
715:
714:
711:
710:
691:
690:
687:
686:
658:
657:
654:
653:
633:cylinder seals
600:
597:
595:
592:
506:etymologically
465:
458:
457:
456:
455:
454:
436:
433:
401:male principle
385:Ishtar/Astarte
317:
310:
309:
305:
298:
297:
296:
295:
294:
292:
289:
281:chaplain badge
113:
112:
106:
100:
94:
87:
86:
85:
76:
75:
67:
66:
65:
56:
55:
47:
46:
45:
39:
38:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2902:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2854:
2852:0-901559-92-X
2848:
2844:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2831:0-87436-581-3
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2803:
2797:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2777:(also called
2776:
2770:
2763:
2758:
2751:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2685:
2679:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2647:1-932462-11-2
2644:
2640:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2584:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2554:Burji dynasty
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2526:
2520:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2499:Znamierowski
2496:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2473:
2467:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2415:1923,0401.199
2413:
2408:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2347:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2300:
2294:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2261:on 2009-10-30
2260:
2256:
2250:
2241:
2232:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2204:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2185:
2169:on 2021-10-22
2168:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2144:HarperCollins
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2009:
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1962:
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1952:
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1934:
1927:
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1852:
1848:
1842:
1837:
1836:
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1829:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1815:boxes is the
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1684:
1667:
1662:
1658:
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1642:
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1634:
1630:
1626:
1623:bailiwick of
1622:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1595:
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1532:
1519:
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1497:
1492:
1488:
1487:Pompeo Batoni
1484:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1457:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1434:Barbary state
1428:
1423:
1419:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1387:Daniel Hopfer
1384:
1378:
1373:
1369:
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1358:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1349:
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1341:
1337:
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1328:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1310:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1277:national flag
1274:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1246:
1245:Abdul Hamid I
1242:
1238:
1237:Ottoman state
1234:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1199:card of the "
1198:
1194:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1138:Catalan Atlas
1135:
1134:
1128:
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1120:
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1112:
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1103:
1101:
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1091:
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1081:
1077:
1073:
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1037:
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1029:
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1014:
1009:
1002:
998:
993:
986:
981:
974:
970:
965:
958:
954:
949:
942:
941:René of Anjou
938:
934:
930:
926:
913:
909:
905:
899:
894:
891:(3rd century)
890:
886:
879:
874:
870:
866:
860:
855:
854:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
812:
803:
802:iconography.
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
733:
732:
729:
728:
725:
722:
708:
707:
704:
703:
700:
698:
684:
683:
680:
679:
676:
673:
668:
665:
651:
650:
647:
646:
643:
641:
636:
634:
631:
627:
612:
611:cylinder seal
609:
605:
599:Early history
591:
563:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
525:
520:
519:luna crescens
515:
513:
507:
503:
502:
496:
492:
490:
486:
485:circular disk
482:
471:
470:
462:
450:
446:
441:
432:
430:
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422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
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386:
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379:
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372:
368:
364:
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356:
352:
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345:
341:
337:
326:
322:
321:
314:
302:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
265:
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259:
255:
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243:
239:
235:
231:
226:
224:
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
191:
161:
153:
123:
110:
107:
104:
101:
99:open crescent
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
80:
71:
60:
51:
33:
19:
2842:
2818:
2796:
2788:the original
2778:
2769:
2757:
2744:the original
2734:
2722:. Retrieved
2717:
2707:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2678:
2670:
2637:
2631:
2621:
2616:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2581:
2575:
2570:, Rome, 1571
2566:
2561:
2532:
2519:
2500:
2495:
2484:
2479:
2471:
2466:
2456:
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2439:
2428:
2419:
2407:
2393:
2384:
2376:
2355:
2346:
2332:
2327:
2311:
2306:
2293:
2276:
2272:
2263:. Retrieved
2259:the original
2249:
2240:
2231:
2219:
2191:
2184:
2171:. Retrieved
2167:the original
2155:
2137:
2123:
2110:
2102:
2094:
2085:
2066:
2057:
2018:Barkhan dune
2003:
1967:
1965:
1937:Spanish Army
1913:
1821:
1810:
1727:
1721:
1686:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1482:
1441:
1329:
1318:
1306:
1304:
1292:Red Crescent
1281:
1269:Muhammad Ali
1267:
1263:Ottoman navy
1252:
1230:
1218:
1210:
1205:
1187:The goddess
1186:
1174:
1131:
1104:
1093:
1090:Anna Notaras
1088:
1025:
955:as shown in
953:Golden Horde
951:Flag of the
936:
933:Rohan Master
904:Taq-e Bostan
823:
815:moon goddess
809:
773:
746:
743:
718:
697:19th-dynasty
694:
661:
637:
623:
559:
551:great circle
536:
523:
509:
499:
497:
493:
478:
467:
443:Examples of
382:
375:Bianchini's
374:
348:
333:
318:
266:
227:
216:
121:
119:
109:Lower right:
108:
102:
96:
90:
2762:MIL STD 129
2399:, 1978, p.
2388:Bell, s.v.
2279:: 238â247.
2043:Lunar phase
1996:Mesopotamia
1918:Boeing 787s
1832:US military
1762:Switzerland
1738:Dettighofen
1723:New Orleans
1717:Arab League
1629:Niederglatt
1601: 1270
1594:Dering Roll
1468:Bad Waldsee
1453: 1681
1414: 1632
1241:Mustafa III
1028:Zoroastrian
959:'s 1339 map
920:Middle Ages
906:, from the
842:Mithradates
800:Hellenistic
753:Phoenicians
618: 2400
504:is derived
407:and female
377:planisphere
369:containing
340:lunar phase
320:Hierosgamos
283:for Muslim
204:lunar phase
103:Lower left:
2864:Categories
2812:References
2764:, FM 55-17
2724:25 January
2603:magazine,
2540:), Raman (
2444:Quail 1994
2265:2010-03-19
2173:2022-09-02
2152:"crescent"
2134:"crescent"
2120:"crescent"
2099:Old French
1914:Dreamliner
1786:Katzenthal
1734:Bönnigheim
1578:difference
1518:Horned God
1095:megas doux
1084:Portsmouth
1080:Portsmouth
1003:map (1413)
969:Portsmouth
792:solar disk
763:in modern
549:lies on a
547:terminator
425:Revelation
371:horoscopes
327:manuscript
325:alchemical
97:Top right:
2222:(1996),
2103:creissant
2095:cressaunt
2089:from
2049:Footnotes
2005:croissant
1988:glomeruli
1966:The term
1933:Regulares
1900:of Turkey
1770:DĂ€ttlikon
1758:Waldbronn
1746:Jesenwang
1296:Red Cross
1249:Selim III
1213:Holy Land
1115:Ctesiphon
929:Miniature
850:Byzantium
796:Sassanian
626:Nanna/Sin
585:🌜
572:🌛
528:blazoning
498:The word
405:virginity
351:astrology
291:Symbolism
287:in 1993.
254:virginity
91:Top left:
18:Crescents
2823:ABC-CLIO
2605:Srinagar
2601:Crescent
2508:Archived
2487:(2012),
2299:wet moon
2111:crÄscÄns
2012:See also
1968:crescent
1790:Mortcerf
1750:KarstÀdt
1703:(1861),
1545:sinister
1525:Heraldry
1256:buyruldu
1136:and the
1048:Outremer
1032:Crusades
1017:Drogheda
883:Bust of
869:Seleucid
757:Carthage
664:Gardiner
630:Akkadian
613:, dated
608:Sumerian
532:heraldry
530:used in
524:crescent
512:crescere
501:crescent
409:chastity
357:(as the
234:the Moon
214:itself.
122:crescent
41:Crescent
2880:Artemis
2546:35v-36r
2542:31v-32r
2489:p. 164f
2361:Shamash
2281:Bibcode
2224:p. 269f
1880:of the
1774:Neerach
1730:Germany
1633:Neerach
1605:crusily
1489:(1760s)
1440:titled
1235:as the
1209:in his
1193:diadems
1177:Madonna
1162:Dongola
1146:Tlemcen
1117:in the
1021:Ireland
910:of the
865:Astarte
830:Artemis
769:Algeria
765:Tunisia
761:Numidia
594:History
580:U+1F31C
567:U+1F31B
555:ellipse
469:gibbous
363:alchemy
250:Artemis
194:) is a
124:shape (
2890:Selene
2885:Inanna
2849:
2829:
2825:1991,
2686:(2014)
2653:
2645:
2550:Mamluk
2390:Selene
2373:Inanna
2369:Ishtar
2199:
2157:Lexico
1878:emblem
1864:(1965)
1849:(1861)
1828:Muslim
1802:Sweden
1782:France
1778:Neuamt
1766:Boswil
1742:Dogern
1637:Stadel
1625:ZĂŒrich
1621:Neuamt
1541:dexter
1515:Wiccan
1383:Mamluk
1340:mother
1336:maiden
1201:Popess
1044:Levant
1042:, the
1036:Orient
885:Selene
813:, the
811:Selene
788:Ishtar
582:
569:
367:papyri
355:Silver
269:finial
242:silver
208:sickle
200:emblem
196:symbol
2609:p. 42
2552:era (
2109:
2107:Latin
2101:
2093:
2078:Notes
2000:Egypt
1806:Trosa
1798:Qormi
1794:Malta
1344:crone
1288:Islam
1273:Egypt
1197:tarot
1189:Diana
1158:Nubia
1150:Tunis
1142:Gabes
1119:Kaaba
1060:coins
1054:) in
1038:(the
1011:Town
987:today
937:Hours
887:on a
834:Diana
819:horns
445:lunes
435:Shape
411:. In
389:Diana
361:) in
277:Islam
256:. In
246:Diana
223:Shiva
162:also
2847:ISBN
2827:ISBN
2726:2016
2651:ISBN
2643:ISBN
2505:FOTW
2429:LIMC
2420:LIMC
2197:ISBN
1998:and
1959:The
1912:The
1876:The
1826:for
1691:and
1635:and
1342:and
1156:,
1154:Buda
1152:and
1111:Umar
1058:and
1052:star
1046:and
1013:arms
985:Azak
798:and
786:and
784:Moon
767:and
759:and
672:ıÍê„áž„
638:The
577:and
539:Moon
489:arcs
481:lune
387:and
336:Moon
240:for
232:for
212:Moon
2781:).
2538:29r
2365:Utu
2318:or
1760:;
1485:by
1444:by
1436:of
1405:by
1015:of
999:in
939:of
744:).
721:psáž
667:N11
543:Sun
447:in
397:Sun
271:in
217:In
198:or
2866::
2833:.
2821:,
2716:.
2662:^
2649:,
2426:;
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2275:.
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2161:.
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2142:.
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2122:.
1982:,
1978:,
1974:,
1834:.
1808:.
1804::
1800:;
1796::
1792:;
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1784::
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184:Én
160:UK
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169:Ë
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