42:
834:
403:
He was a brilliant teacher, an astute diagnostician and a gifted surgeon. On the other hand, he was extremely critical of students and colleagues who failed to live up to his exacting professional standards. This, along with his desire to be the best of the best, won him numerous critics, not all of
359:
Dupuytren visited the Hôtel-Dieu morning and evening, each time performing several operations, lectured to vast throngs of students, gave advice to his outpatients and fulfilled the duties consequent upon one of the largest practices of modern times. By his indefatigable activity he amassed a
360:
fortune, the bulk of which he bequeathed to his daughter, with the deduction of considerable sums for the endowment of the anatomical chair in the École de Médecine and the establishment of a benevolent institution for distressed physicians. The most important of
Dupuytren's writings is his
451:: "Dupuytren and Recamier entered into a quarrel in the amphitheatre of the School of Medicine, and threatened each other with their fists on the subject of the divinity of Jesus Christ."
405:
393:
in which, after the patient refused surgery, the tumour becoming enlarged, rupturing and becoming infected, it began to shrink and disappeared after a few weeks.
849:
1402:
Poynter, F N (April 1968). "Doctors in The Human Comedy (Guillaume
Dupuytren, Jean Baptiste Bouillaud, François Joseph Victor Broussais, François Magendie)".
1589:
347:. In 1816 he was appointed to the chair of clinical surgery and became head surgeon at the Hôtel-Dieu, a post he held until his death. He is buried in the
1662:
1056:
Elliot, D (1988). "The early history of contracture of the palmar fascia. Part 2: The revolution in Paris: Guillaume
Dupuytren: Dupuytren's disease".
1667:
1472:
1404:
854:
635:
Stone, James L.; Jensen, Randy L. (1 July 1997). "Benjamin
Winslow Dudley and Early American Trephination for Posttraumatic Epilepsy".
1194:
Dupuytren, Guillaume (September 1982). "The classic. On osteo-sarcoma, spina-ventosa, and tubercles in bone: Guillaume
Dupuytren".
462:, pp. 1227–1229, Claire balances her future knowledge with current medical notes since the Baron Dupuytren has yet to be born.
1647:
1642:
1561:
1535:
925:
Gudmundsson, Kristján G; Jónsson Thorbjörn; Arngrímsson Reynir (July 2003). "Guillaume
Dupuytren and finger contractures".
904:
1627:
1223:
Bloch, H (February 1981). "Guillaume
Dupuytren, M.D. (1777–1835). Surgeon of Hôtel Dieu and his American students".
1657:
1602:
Lesions of the
Vascular System, Diseases of the Rectum, and other surgical complaints by Guillaume Dupuytren
1652:
707:"Spontaneous regression of tumour and the role of microbial infection – possibilities for cancer treatment"
386:
He claimed credit for originally describing melanoma and claimed
Laennec stole the idea from his lectures.
368:. In his operations he was remarkable for his skill and dexterity and for his great readiness of resource.
543:
1637:
867:
438:: "not Dupuytren, about to open up an abscess through a thick encephalic layer" (Part Two, Chapter 11).
295:
104:
501:
469:
344:
17:
1524:
The
Patrick O'Brian Muster Book: Persons, Animals, Ships and Cannon in the Aubrey-Maturin Sea Novels
348:
93:
1632:
409:
506:
1553:
1527:
1366:
404:
them objective. He was described by such colourful epithets as 'The Brigand of Hôtel-Dieu' by
331:, by competition, when only eighteen years of age. His early studies were directed chiefly to
529:
390:
365:
1622:
1617:
332:
1550:
A Sea of Words: A Lexicon and Companion to the Complete Seafaring Tales of Patrick O'Brian
336:
8:
1308:
Lyons, J B (October 1975). "Pioneers in medicine: Baron Guillaume Dupuytren; 1777–1835".
1390:
1347:
1330:
1207:
952:
772:
755:
731:
706:
605:
1136:
940:
588:
397:
313:
62:
1557:
1531:
1510:
1489:
1485:
1458:
1421:
1394:
1382:
1378:
1352:
1317:
1296:
1275:
1253:
1232:
1211:
1182:
1161:
1140:
1111:
1094:
1073:
1069:
1044:
1023:
1002:
981:
944:
913:
890:
777:
736:
687:
683:
652:
648:
66:
956:
447:
1481:
1448:
1413:
1374:
1342:
1267:
1203:
1132:
1065:
973:
936:
882:
767:
726:
718:
679:
670:
Denkler, Keith; Johnson, Jann (December 1999). "A Lost Piece of Melanoma History".
644:
600:
592:
584:
510:
429:
298:, which is named after him and on which he first operated in 1831 and published in
283:
204:
198:
124:
1601:
1595:
472:
received some of his medical training in Paris, conceding to have "dissected with
1583:
886:
722:
548:
465:
274:
118:
1453:
1434:
1265:
Mann, R J (1977). "Of Guillaume Dupuytren, who feared nothing but mediocrity".
596:
455:
1435:"[The amicable relations of A. von Humboldt with Guillaume Dupuytren]"
977:
924:
1611:
1578:
845:
840:
514:
434:
372:
379:, in which a hole is cut in the skull, and he also used the method to treat
1514:
1493:
1215:
985:
948:
917:
894:
740:
691:
317:
1462:
1425:
1386:
1356:
1321:
1236:
1186:
1165:
1144:
1115:
1098:
1077:
1048:
1027:
1006:
781:
656:
1501:
Peltier, L F (May 1958). "Guillaume Dupuytren and Dupuytren's fracture".
1417:
1300:
1279:
1257:
495:
442:
376:
291:
927:
858:. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 691.
794:
Excerpt From: Hugo, Victor. "Les Misérables." Bookbyte Digital. iBooks.
300:
231:
154:
993:
Wylock, P (December 1997). "In the footsteps of Guillaume Dupuytren".
327:
at the newly established École de Médecine in Paris and was appointed
41:
1545:
473:
428:
Dupuytren's success at draining a cerebral abscess is referred to in
328:
279:
572:
1439:
324:
287:
839:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
380:
340:
1470:"Guillaume Dupuytren (1777–1835) – The Brigand of Hotel Dieu".
422:
1035:
Wylock, P (1989). "The life and time of Guillaume Dupuytren".
261:
252:
219:
175:
142:
163:
133:
1596:
On the injuries and diseases of bones by Guillaume Dupuytren
396:
He died in Paris and there with his bequest established the
1287:
Lindskog, G E (1977). "Guillaume Dupuytren, 1777 to 1835".
425:'s short story 'The Atheist's Mass' is based on Dupuytren.
240:
210:
184:
160:
130:
339:
in Paris, and in 1811 he became professor of operative
1331:"Guillaume Dupuytren: his character and contributions"
756:"Guillaume Dupuytren: his character and contributions"
618:
616:
249:
216:
187:
172:
139:
127:
1193:
797:
335:. In 1803 he was appointed assistant surgeon at the
258:
255:
246:
237:
228:
225:
213:
207:
181:
178:
169:
151:
148:
136:
613:
493:
371:Dupuytren was one of the first surgeons to drain a
243:
222:
166:
145:
809:
705:Kucerova, Petra; Cervinkova, Monika (April 2016).
704:
494:
364:, in which he applied the principles laid down by
278:; 5 October 1777 – 8 February 1835) was a French
27:French anatomist and military surgeon (1777–1835)
1609:
408:and 'First among surgeons, least among men' by
669:
294:he is best known today for his description of
286:. Although he gained much esteem for treating
1058:Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Scotland)
1364:Goldwyn, R M (1968). "Guillaume Dupuytren".
1335:Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
964:Jay, V (2000). "Baron Guillaume Dupuytren".
865:
760:Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
312:Guillaume Dupuytren was born in the town of
1432:
634:
40:
1663:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
1452:
1346:
868:"[The Baron Guillaume Dupuytren]"
771:
730:
604:
570:
1286:
1105:
844:
622:
1500:
1401:
1363:
1328:
1122:
628:
458:'s fifth book of the Outlander series,
14:
1610:
1172:
1151:
1084:
1055:
1034:
1013:
992:
307:
1592:History of Surgeons – surgeons.org.uk
1521:
1307:
1222:
901:
803:
571:Dupuytren, Guillaume (May 10, 1834).
273:
1544:
1289:Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics
1264:
815:
530:participating institution membership
389:He reported a case of breast cancer
113:Guillaume Dupuytren, Baron Dupuytren
1310:Nursing Mirror and Midwives Journal
1243:
963:
24:
1225:New York State Journal of Medicine
1208:10.1097/01.blo.0000229310.28384.8c
672:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
25:
1679:
1668:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
1572:
316:in the present-day department of
1486:10.1001/jama.1964.03070060119015
1379:10.1097/00006534-196809000-00002
832:
753:
684:10.1097/00006534-199912000-00032
649:10.1097/00006123-199707000-00045
203:
123:
1125:Annales de Chirurgie de la Main
905:Histoire des sciences médicales
1648:18th-century French physicians
1643:19th-century French physicians
788:
747:
698:
663:
573:"Clinical Lectures on Surgery"
564:
549:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
536:
487:
13:
1:
1579:Catholic Encyclopedia article
1137:10.1016/S0753-9053(86)80035-7
941:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13871-8
866:Gilgenkrantz, Simone (2006).
589:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)77708-8
480:
415:
1522:Brown, Anthony Gary (2006).
1070:10.1016/0266-7681(88)90158-1
723:10.1097/CAD.0000000000000337
7:
1480:(6): 509–510. August 1964.
1454:10.1163/22977953-0230102022
1244:Kós, R (January 1979). "".
1037:Canadian Journal of Surgery
754:Goldwyn, Robert M. (1969).
362:Treatise on Accidental Anus
354:
10:
1684:
1175:Zentralblatt für Chirurgie
1106:Epifanov, N S (1986). "".
902:Vayre, Pierre (2004). "".
887:10.1051/medsci/20062289771
825:
1590:Baron Guillaume Dupuytren
1584:Baron Guillaume Dupuytren
978:10.5858/2000-124-0955-BGD
544:"Dupuytren's contracture"
502:Oxford English Dictionary
345:Raphael Bienvenu Sabatier
100:
89:
73:
48:
39:
32:
1628:People from Haute-Vienne
1196:Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res
1173:Hauben, D J (1984). "".
421:The surgeon Desplein in
275:[ɡijomdypɥitʁɛ̃]
84:Paris, Kingdom of France
1658:French military doctors
1528:McFarland & Company
1433:Théodoridès, J (1966).
1123:Tubiana, R (1986). "".
855:Encyclopædia Britannica
507:Oxford University Press
296:Dupuytren's contracture
105:Dupuytren's contracture
1554:Henry Holt and Company
1367:Plast. Reconstr. Surg.
1152:Dufour, A (1984). "".
1085:Towpik, E (1986). "".
1014:Wylock, P (1990). "".
966:Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med
515:10.1093/OED/1048650786
349:Père Lachaise Cemetery
94:Père Lachaise Cemetery
1329:Goldwyn, R M (1969).
1154:Bull. Acad. Natl. Med
470:Aubrey–Maturin series
441:Reference is made in
410:Pierre-François Percy
391:spontaneous remission
1418:10.1001/jama.204.1.7
850:Dupuytren, Guillaume
333:anatomical pathology
1653:French pathologists
505:(Online ed.).
375:successfully using
308:Birth and education
34:Guillaume Dupuytren
597:2027/uc1.$ b426113
288:Napoleon Bonaparte
1638:French anatomists
1563:978-0-8050-3816-3
1537:978-0-7864-2482-5
1093:(24): 1718–1724.
935:(9378): 165–168.
711:Anti-Cancer Drugs
552:. Merriam-Webster
528:(Subscription or
343:in succession to
110:
109:
67:Kingdom of France
16:(Redirected from
1675:
1567:
1541:
1526:(2nd ed.).
1518:
1497:
1466:
1456:
1429:
1398:
1360:
1350:
1325:
1304:
1283:
1268:Mayo Clin. Proc.
1261:
1240:
1219:
1190:
1169:
1160:(9): 1039–1050.
1148:
1119:
1102:
1081:
1052:
1031:
1010:
989:
960:
921:
898:
881:(8–9): 771–772.
872:
859:
838:
836:
835:
819:
813:
807:
801:
795:
792:
786:
785:
775:
751:
745:
744:
734:
702:
696:
695:
678:(7): 2149–2153.
667:
661:
660:
632:
626:
620:
611:
610:
608:
583:(558): 222–225.
568:
562:
561:
559:
557:
540:
534:
533:
525:
523:
521:
498:
491:
430:Gustave Flaubert
406:Jacques Lisfranc
284:military surgeon
277:
272:
268:
267:
264:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
234:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
202:
194:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
122:
80:
58:
56:
44:
30:
29:
21:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1633:French surgeons
1608:
1607:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1538:
1469:
1274:(12): 819–822.
1181:(11): 765–766.
1016:Acta Chir. Belg
995:Acta Chir. Belg
875:Med Sci (Paris)
870:
848:, ed. (1911). "
833:
831:
828:
823:
822:
814:
810:
802:
798:
793:
789:
752:
748:
703:
699:
668:
664:
633:
629:
621:
614:
569:
565:
555:
553:
542:
541:
537:
527:
519:
517:
492:
488:
483:
466:Stephen Maturin
460:The Fiery Cross
418:
398:Musée Dupuytren
357:
314:Pierre-Buffière
310:
270:
236:
206:
197:
196:
159:
126:
117:
116:
85:
82:
78:
77:8 February 1835
69:
63:Pierre-Buffière
60:
54:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1681:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1606:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1574:
1573:External links
1571:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1542:
1536:
1519:
1509:(5): 868–874.
1498:
1467:
1447:(1): 196–201.
1430:
1399:
1373:(3): 195–202.
1361:
1341:(8): 750–760.
1326:
1305:
1295:(5): 746–754.
1284:
1262:
1252:(4): 230–232.
1246:Orvosi Hetilap
1241:
1231:(2): 259–260.
1220:
1191:
1170:
1149:
1120:
1110:(4): 151–152.
1103:
1082:
1064:(4): 371–378.
1053:
1043:(6): 473–477.
1032:
1011:
1001:(6): 277–280.
990:
972:(7): 955–956.
961:
922:
899:
862:
861:
860:
846:Chisholm, Hugh
827:
824:
821:
820:
808:
806:, p. 242.
796:
787:
766:(8): 750–751.
746:
717:(4): 269–277.
697:
662:
643:(1): 263–268.
627:
612:
563:
535:
485:
484:
482:
479:
478:
477:
476:" while there.
463:
456:Diana Gabaldon
452:
448:Les Misérables
439:
426:
417:
414:
356:
353:
309:
306:
108:
107:
102:
101:Known for
98:
97:
91:
87:
86:
83:
81:(aged 57)
75:
71:
70:
61:
59:5 October 1777
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1680:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1586:. WhoNamedIt.
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1565:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1202:(169): 4–14.
1201:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
929:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
906:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
869:
864:
863:
857:
856:
851:
847:
842:
841:public domain
830:
829:
818:, p. 38.
817:
812:
805:
800:
791:
783:
779:
774:
769:
765:
761:
757:
750:
742:
738:
733:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
701:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
666:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
631:
624:
623:Chisholm 1911
619:
617:
607:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
567:
551:
550:
545:
539:
531:
516:
512:
508:
504:
503:
497:
490:
486:
475:
471:
467:
464:
461:
457:
453:
450:
449:
444:
440:
437:
436:
435:Madame Bovary
431:
427:
424:
420:
419:
413:
411:
407:
401:
399:
394:
392:
387:
384:
382:
378:
374:
373:brain abscess
369:
367:
363:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
305:
303:
302:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
266:
200:
192:
120:
114:
106:
103:
99:
95:
92:
90:Resting place
88:
76:
72:
68:
64:
51:
47:
43:
38:
31:
19:
1549:
1523:
1506:
1502:
1477:
1471:
1444:
1438:
1409:
1403:
1370:
1365:
1338:
1334:
1313:
1309:
1292:
1288:
1271:
1266:
1249:
1245:
1228:
1224:
1199:
1195:
1178:
1174:
1157:
1153:
1128:
1124:
1107:
1090:
1086:
1061:
1057:
1040:
1036:
1019:
1015:
998:
994:
969:
965:
932:
926:
912:(1): 27–36.
909:
903:
878:
874:
853:
811:
799:
790:
763:
759:
749:
714:
710:
700:
675:
671:
665:
640:
637:Neurosurgery
636:
630:
580:
576:
566:
554:. Retrieved
547:
538:
518:. Retrieved
500:
489:
459:
446:
433:
402:
395:
388:
385:
370:
361:
358:
322:
318:Haute-Vienne
311:
299:
112:
111:
79:(1835-02-08)
1623:1835 deaths
1618:1777 births
1412:(1): 7–10.
496:"Dupuytren"
443:Victor Hugo
377:trepanation
366:John Hunter
323:He studied
292:hemorrhoids
1612:Categories
1546:King, Dean
1316:(16): 62.
1131:(2): 169.
1108:Khirurgiia
1022:(1): 1–4.
804:Brown 2006
577:The Lancet
532:required.)
481:References
416:In fiction
337:Hôtel-Dieu
301:The Lancet
55:1777-10-05
1395:220561076
1087:Wiad. Lek
816:King 1995
474:Dupuytren
329:prosector
304:in 1834.
280:anatomist
18:Dupuytren
1548:(1995).
1515:13543661
1494:14162145
1440:Gesnerus
1216:16951640
986:10888769
957:40967720
949:12867120
918:15209088
895:16962055
741:26813865
692:11149783
556:24 March
520:24 March
381:seizures
355:Practice
325:medicine
1503:Surgery
1463:5331019
1426:4867960
1387:4878457
1357:4895348
1348:1750448
1322:1105454
1237:7007932
1187:6382875
1166:6399468
1145:3532978
1116:3520110
1099:3554771
1078:3074150
1049:2684377
1028:2185601
1007:9457317
843::
826:Sources
782:4895348
773:1750448
732:4777220
657:9218316
606:5165315
468:of the
341:surgery
271:French:
96:, Paris
1604:(1854)
1598:(1847)
1560:
1534:
1513:
1492:
1461:
1424:
1393:
1385:
1355:
1345:
1320:
1301:333646
1299:
1280:339011
1278:
1258:366516
1256:
1235:
1214:
1185:
1164:
1143:
1114:
1097:
1076:
1047:
1026:
1005:
984:
955:
947:
928:Lancet
916:
893:
837:
780:
770:
739:
729:
690:
655:
603:
423:Balzac
1391:S2CID
953:S2CID
871:(PDF)
526:
1558:ISBN
1532:ISBN
1511:PMID
1490:PMID
1473:JAMA
1459:PMID
1422:PMID
1405:JAMA
1383:PMID
1353:PMID
1318:PMID
1297:PMID
1276:PMID
1254:PMID
1233:PMID
1212:PMID
1183:PMID
1162:PMID
1141:PMID
1112:PMID
1095:PMID
1074:PMID
1045:PMID
1024:PMID
1003:PMID
982:PMID
945:PMID
914:PMID
891:PMID
778:PMID
737:PMID
688:PMID
653:PMID
558:2024
522:2024
282:and
74:Died
49:Born
1482:doi
1478:189
1449:doi
1414:doi
1410:204
1375:doi
1343:PMC
1314:141
1293:145
1250:120
1204:doi
1200:450
1179:109
1158:168
1133:doi
1066:doi
974:doi
970:124
937:doi
933:362
883:doi
852:".
768:PMC
727:PMC
719:doi
680:doi
676:104
645:doi
601:PMC
593:hdl
585:doi
511:doi
454:In
445:'s
432:'s
290:'s
1614::
1556:.
1552:.
1530:.
1507:43
1505:.
1488:.
1476:.
1457:.
1445:23
1443:.
1437:.
1420:.
1408:.
1389:.
1381:.
1371:42
1351:.
1339:45
1337:.
1333:.
1312:.
1291:.
1272:52
1248:.
1229:81
1227:.
1210:.
1198:.
1177:.
1156:.
1139:.
1127:.
1091:39
1089:.
1072:.
1062:13
1060:.
1041:32
1039:.
1020:90
1018:.
999:97
997:.
980:.
968:.
951:.
943:.
931:.
910:38
908:.
889:.
879:22
877:.
873:.
776:.
764:45
762:.
758:.
735:.
725:.
715:27
713:.
709:.
686:.
674:.
651:.
641:41
639:.
615:^
599:.
591:.
581:22
579:.
575:.
546:.
509:.
499:.
412:.
400:.
383:.
351:.
320:.
269:,
262:ən
253:iː
232:æ̃
220:iː
201::
199:US
195:,
176:iː
164:uː
161:dj
155:æ̃
143:iː
134:uː
131:dj
121::
119:UK
65:,
1566:.
1540:.
1517:.
1496:.
1484::
1465:.
1451::
1428:.
1416::
1397:.
1377::
1359:.
1324:.
1303:.
1282:.
1260:.
1239:.
1218:.
1206::
1189:.
1168:.
1147:.
1135::
1129:5
1118:.
1101:.
1080:.
1068::
1051:.
1030:.
1009:.
988:.
976::
959:.
939::
920:.
897:.
885::
784:.
743:.
721::
694:.
682::
659:.
647::
625:.
609:.
595::
587::
560:.
524:.
513::
265:/
259:r
256:t
250:w
247:p
244:ˈ
241:ə
238:d
235:,
229:r
226:t
223:ˈ
217:w
214:p
211:ə
208:d
205:/
191:/
188:n
185:ɛ
182:r
179:t
173:w
170:p
167:ˈ
158:,
152:r
149:t
146:ˈ
140:w
137:p
128:ˌ
125:/
115:(
57:)
53:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
