332:
405:
43:
987:
436:. Political parties in Netherlands considered Indonesia dissolving the United States of Indonesia in 1950 into the original Republic of Indonesia as a pretense to not negotiate further on status of New Guinea which was promised to be completed in 1950, voiding the Round Table Agreement, according to the Indonesian side. In response, Indonesia nationalized Dutch companies and assets, and stopped paying the above-mentioned debt. By around 1956, the remaining (not-recognized) debt of Indonesia was around
129:
142:
379:
in 1942. In particular the
Indonesian delegations were indignant at having to cover what it saw as the costs of Dutch military action against it. Finally, thanks to the intervention of the United States member of the UN Commission on Indonesia, the Indonesian side came to realise that agreeing to pay
387:
The issue of the inclusion or not of
Western New Guinea almost resulted in the talks becoming deadlocked. The Indonesian delegations took the view that Indonesia should comprise the entire territory of Dutch East Indies. The Dutch refused to compromise, claiming Western New Guinea had no ethnic ties
415:
The Dutch parliament debated the agreement, and the upper and lower houses ratified it on 21 December 1949 by the two-thirds majority needed. Despite criticism in particular of the
Indonesian assumption of Dutch government debt and the unresolved status of Western New Guinea, the Indonesian
391:
Finally, in the early hours of 1 November 1949, a compromise was reached: the status of
Western New Guinea would be determined through negotiations between the United States of Indonesia and the Netherlands within a year of the transfer of sovereignty. The conference was officially closed in the
351:
The Dutch–Indonesian Union would not have any powers: it would be a consultative body with a permanent secretariat, a court of arbitration to settle any legal disputes, and a minimum of two ministerial conferences every year. It would be headed by the Dutch Queen in an entirely symbolic role.
424:
The
Kingdom of the Netherlands unconditionally and irrevocably transfers complete sovereignty over Indonesia to the Republic of the United States of Indonesia, and thus recognises the Republic of the United States of Indonesia as an independent and sovereign
347:
delegations reached agreement resulting in a number of documents, namely a
Charter of Transfer of Sovereignty—to come into immediate effect—a statute of union, a draft constitution, an economic agreement and agreements on social and military affairs.
307:
on 6 July 1949. To ensure commonality of negotiating position between the republic and the federal delegates, from 31 July until 2 August, Inter-Indonesian
Conferences were in Yogyakarta between all component authorities of the future
388:
with the rest of the archipelago. Despite Dutch public opinion supporting transfer of
Western New Guinea to Indonesia, the Dutch cabinet was worried it would not be able to ratify the Round Table Agreement in parliament if it conceded this point.
448:
in 1962, Indonesia restarted payment of around ƒ.620 million. By 1965, 36 installments of unknown amounts had been made. The remainder was paid from 1976 in 30 installments with 1% annual interest rate until the last payment was made in 2002.
374:
colonial administration were protracted, with each side presenting their own calculations and arguing over whether the United States of
Indonesia should be responsible for debts incurred by the Dutch after the
452:
Some journalists characterize the aftermath of the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table
Conference as 'the price of independence,' suggesting that the Indonesian government was purchasing its sovereignty.
380:
part of the Dutch debt would be the price they would have to pay for the transfer of sovereignty. On 24 October, the Indonesian delegations agreed that Indonesia would take over approximately
285:
against republican forces in Indonesia and demanding the restoration of the republican government. It also urged the resumption of negotiations to find a peaceful settlement between the two sides.
428:
The Republic of the United States of Indonesia accepts this sovereignty based on the provisions of its Constitution; the Kingdom of the Netherlands has been notified of this proposed constitution.
238:, viewed the Indonesian leadership as Japanese collaborators, and wanted to regain control of their colony. The conflict between the Dutch and Indonesian nationalists developed into a full-scale
359:
status to the Netherlands. In addition, there would be no discrimination against Dutch nationals or companies and the republic agreed to take over trade agreements negotiated by the
938:
17:
837:
Hasil-Hasil Konperensi Medja Bundar sebagaimana diterima pada Persidangan Umum yang kedua Terlangsung Tangal 2 Nopember 1949 di Ridderzaal di Kota 'S-Gravenhage
355:
The delegations also reached agreement on the withdrawal of Dutch troops "within the shortest possible time," and for the United States of Indonesia to grant
1320:
1300:
319:
Following preliminary discussions sponsored by the UN Commission for Indonesia in Jakarta, it was decided the Round Table Conference would be held in
730:
404:
331:
468:
The debt included unpaid salaries of Netherlands Indies government personnel, including colonial administrators and military personnel of the
1016:
278:
42:
1315:
971:
931:
376:
235:
245:
By mid-1946, both sides were under international pressure to negotiate. The Dutch favoured a federal Indonesian state, and organised the
1285:
1144:
1310:
976:
924:
420:, ratified the agreement on 14 December. Sovereignty was transferred to the United States of Indonesia on 27 December.
340:
1290:
231:
870:
480:
in the Netherlands as the Dutch government refused to pay these arrears because it reasoned that they were owed by Indonesia.
417:
839:(Results of the Round Table Conference as Accepted at the Plenary Session on 2 November 1949 at the Ridderzaal in the Hague)
363:. However the two major areas of disagreement were over the debts of the Dutch colonial administration and the status of
1270:
1176:
1057:
756:
469:
1181:
891:
825:
1295:
1047:
274:
198:
Prior to this conference, three other high-level meetings between the Netherlands and Indonesia took place; the
1067:
947:
782:
239:
1026:
966:
344:
289:
207:
192:
121:
1305:
313:
48:
476:, dating from their internment in Japanese concentration camps during the Second World War. This became a
1280:
1154:
408:
309:
270:
215:
184:
134:
986:
1275:
813:
1129:
1062:
433:
250:
1052:
211:
64:
902:
303:
The Indonesian government, in exile for over six months, returned to the temporary capital at
1006:
846:
254:
199:
188:
339:
Negotiations, which took place from 23 August to 2 November 1949, were assisted by the
300:—would participate in the Round Table Conference to accelerate the transfer of sovereignty.
1204:
356:
8:
1139:
1134:
1011:
703:
170:
1219:
1186:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1089:
1021:
879:
445:
364:
203:
1209:
1159:
1124:
1001:
961:
887:
866:
821:
371:
360:
246:
757:"Nederland en Herstelbetalingen (The Netherlands and reparations [COLUMN])"
195:, representing various states the Dutch had created in the Indonesian archipelago.
1164:
1114:
1094:
1077:
916:
731:"Dutch Memorial Day: Maintaining colonial innocence by excluding people of color"
473:
1214:
1149:
1072:
858:
282:
162:
52:
411:
signing the treaty that transferred sovereignty to Indonesia, 27 December 1949
1264:
1239:
1171:
1119:
590:
441:
437:
381:
297:
293:
292:
of 6 July, which effectively endorsed the Security Council resolution,
1224:
296:
said that the Republic of Indonesia—whose leaders were still in exile on
1249:
393:
304:
320:
180:
147:
90:
257:, in which the Netherlands agreed to recognize republican rule over
1229:
312:. The delegates agreed on the basic principles and outline for the
269:, and that republic would become a constituent state of a federal
183:
from 23 August to 2 November 1949, between representatives of the
1234:
1084:
262:
227:
1244:
900:
596:
266:
335:
Final session of the Round Table Conference on 2 November 1949
440:
600 million. This means that in the period of 1950-1956
234:
from Japan. The Dutch, who had been expelled in 1942 by the
55:
can be seen signing the resulting agreement, 2 November 1949
643:
641:
444:
3.8 billion had already been paid. After the conflict
258:
911:]. Staatsdrukkerij- en Uitgeverijbedrijf. p. 228.
494:
432:
The unresolved status of Western New Guinea would lead to
370:
Negotiations over the internal and external debts of the
253:. In November, the Dutch and Indonesian sides reached an
249:
in July 1946, which led to the establishment of the
638:
614:
904:
Indonesië in de Veiligheidsraad van de Verenigde Naties
787:
Historia - Majalah Sejarah Populer Pertama di Indonesia
578:
384:
4.5 billion of Dutch East Indies government debt.
682:
680:
653:
506:
704:"De Indonesische injectie (The Indonesian Injection)"
542:
530:
665:
602:
841:(in Indonesian), Djakarta: G. Kolff & Co., 1949
677:
626:
566:
946:
554:
518:
818:Twenty Years Indonesian Foreign Policy: 1945–1965
226:On 17 August 1945, Indonesian nationalist leader
27:1949 Dutch recognition of Indonesian independence
1262:
909:Indonesia in the United Nations Security Council
174:
47:Closing session of the Round Table Conference,
884:Indonesian Independence and the United Nations
1017:United Nations Security Council Resolution 27
932:
853:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
167:Nederlands-Indonesische rondetafelconferentie
1321:International conferences in the Netherlands
972:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
377:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
236:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
863:A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200
939:
925:
886:. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
697:
695:
41:
1301:Diplomatic conferences in the Netherlands
901:United Nations Security Council (1950).
857:
728:
512:
500:
403:
330:
1032:Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference
851:Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia
701:
692:
343:. The Dutch, Republic of Indonesia and
341:United Nations Commission for Indonesia
210:of 1949. The conference ended with the
159:Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference
18:Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference
14:
1263:
878:
920:
845:
834:
812:
754:
686:
671:
659:
647:
632:
620:
608:
584:
572:
560:
548:
536:
524:
418:Central Indonesian National Committee
865:(4th ed.), Palgrave MacMillan,
597:United Nations Security Council 1950
783:"Harga untuk Kemerdekaan Indonesia"
702:Giebels, Lambert (5 January 2000).
281:, calling for an end to the recent
24:
1177:Yogyakarta and Surakarta Offensive
1058:Royal Netherlands East Indies Army
729:Toebosch, Annemarie (3 May 2019).
25:
1332:
1182:General Offensive of 1 March 1949
789:(in Indonesian). 29 December 2020
1048:Indonesian National Armed Forces
985:
140:
127:
1316:Indonesia–Netherlands relations
1286:1949 in international relations
775:
748:
722:
462:
326:
275:United Nations Security Council
273:. On 28 January 1949, the
1311:Indonesian National Revolution
1068:Kalimantan Physical Revolution
948:Indonesian National Revolution
240:Indonesian National Revolution
13:
1:
1291:1949 in the Dutch East Indies
967:Indonesian National Awakening
487:
345:Federal Consultative Assembly
221:
193:Federal Consultative Assembly
122:Federal Consultative Assembly
977:Proclamation of Independence
399:
314:Federal Constitution of 1949
7:
755:Marhé, Usha (2 July 2014).
10:
1337:
805:
310:United States of Indonesia
271:United States of Indonesia
216:United States of Indonesia
185:Kingdom of the Netherlands
135:Kingdom of the Netherlands
1271:20th century in The Hague
1197:
1040:
1027:Roem–Van Roijen Agreement
994:
983:
954:
814:Agung, Ide Anak Agung Gde
394:Dutch parliament building
290:Roem–Van Roijen Agreement
208:Roem–Van Roijen Agreement
115:
97:
86:
78:
70:
60:
40:
455:
283:Dutch military offensive
255:agreement at Linggadjati
1296:1949 in the Netherlands
1145:South Sulawesi campaign
1130:East Sumatra revolution
251:State of East Indonesia
232:Indonesian independence
1053:Royal Netherlands Army
847:Kahin, George McTurnan
412:
336:
212:cession of sovereignty
176:Konferensi Meja Bundar
175:
166:
103:; 74 years ago
65:Cession of sovereignty
35:Round Table Conference
1007:Linggadjati Agreement
407:
334:
200:Linggadjati Agreement
189:Republic of Indonesia
148:Republic of Indonesia
101:27 December 1949
1205:Abdul Haris Nasution
1155:Dutch police actions
396:on 2 November.
357:most favoured nation
1306:Events in The Hague
1140:Battle of Margarana
1135:Bandung Sea of Fire
1012:Denpasar Conference
880:Taylor, Alastair M.
820:. Mouton & Co.
735:theconversation.com
650:, pp. 443–444.
623:, pp. 439–443.
587:, pp. 435–436.
503:, pp. 341–344.
474:Gouvernementsmarine
434:the 12-year dispute
37:
1220:Raymond Westerling
1187:Siege of Surakarta
1110:Battle of Surabaya
1105:Battle of Ambarawa
1100:Battle of Semarang
1090:Battle of Kotabaru
1022:Renville Agreement
995:Diplomatic efforts
413:
365:Western New Guinea
337:
279:Resolution 67
204:Renville Agreement
32:
1281:1949 in Indonesia
1258:
1257:
1210:Hubertus van Mook
1160:Operation Product
1125:Lengkong incident
1002:Malino Conference
962:Dutch East Indies
872:978-0-230-54686-8
662:, pp. 69–70.
551:, pp. 66–67.
539:, pp. 64–65.
416:legislature, the
372:Dutch East Indies
361:Dutch East Indies
247:Malino Conference
206:of 1948, and the
155:
154:
33:Dutch–Indonesian
16:(Redirected from
1328:
1276:1949 conferences
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1165:Operation Kraai
1115:Kolaka incident
1095:Battle of Medan
1078:Battle of Kumai
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82:2 November 1949
56:
49:Sultan Hamid II
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1215:Mohammad Hatta
1212:
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1192:
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1174:
1169:
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1150:3 March affair
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1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
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1081:
1080:
1075:
1073:Dayak Desa War
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1041:Armed conflict
1038:
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859:Ricklefs, M.C.
855:
843:
832:
826:
809:
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801:
800:
774:
747:
721:
691:
676:
674:, p. 710.
664:
652:
637:
625:
613:
611:, p. 437.
601:
599:, p. 228.
589:
577:
575:, p. 433.
565:
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541:
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517:
515:, p. 358.
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288:Following the
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179:) was held in
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74:23 August 1949
72:
68:
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62:
58:
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53:Mohammad Hatta
46:
26:
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2:
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1240:Sutan Sjahrir
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1172:Madiun Affair
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1120:Cumbok affair
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893:0-837-18005-8
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827:979-8139-06-2
823:
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788:
784:
778:
762:
761:waterkant.net
758:
751:
736:
732:
725:
709:
708:www.groene.nl
705:
698:
696:
689:, p. 15.
688:
683:
681:
673:
668:
661:
656:
649:
644:
642:
635:, p. 67.
634:
629:
622:
617:
610:
605:
598:
593:
586:
581:
574:
569:
563:, p. 70.
562:
557:
550:
545:
538:
533:
527:, p. 60.
526:
521:
514:
513:Ricklefs 2008
509:
502:
501:Ricklefs 2008
497:
493:
479:
478:cause celèbre
475:
471:
465:
461:
453:
450:
447:
443:
439:
435:
427:
423:
422:
421:
419:
410:
409:Queen Juliana
406:
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349:
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317:
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311:
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298:Bangka Island
295:
294:Mohammad Roem
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838:
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791:. Retrieved
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765:. Retrieved
760:
750:
738:. Retrieved
734:
724:
712:. Retrieved
707:
667:
655:
628:
616:
604:
592:
580:
568:
556:
544:
532:
520:
508:
496:
477:
464:
451:
446:was resolved
431:
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369:
354:
350:
338:
327:Negotiations
318:
302:
287:
244:
225:
197:
158:
156:
29:
1225:Simon Spoor
1198:Key figures
1063:Darul Islam
793:29 November
116:Signatories
1265:Categories
1250:Tan Malaka
763:(in Dutch)
710:(in Dutch)
687:Kolff 1949
672:Agung 1973
660:Agung 1973
648:Kahin 1961
633:Agung 1973
621:Kahin 1961
609:Kahin 1961
585:Kahin 1961
573:Kahin 1961
561:Agung 1973
549:Agung 1973
537:Agung 1973
525:Agung 1973
488:References
305:Yogyakarta
222:Background
171:Indonesian
108:1949-12-27
861:(2008) ,
849:(1961) .
400:Aftermath
321:The Hague
230:declared
202:of 1947,
181:The Hague
98:Effective
91:The Hague
1230:Sudirman
882:(1960).
816:(1973).
472:and the
191:and the
87:Location
1235:Sukarno
1085:Bersiap
955:Prelude
806:Sources
767:10 June
740:9 April
714:10 June
470:K.N.I.L
425:Nation.
277:passed
263:Sumatra
228:Sukarno
214:to the
106: (
71:Drafted
1245:Sutomo
890:
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267:Madura
187:, the
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79:Signed
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456:Notes
163:Dutch
888:ISBN
867:ISBN
822:ISBN
795:2023
769:2023
742:2021
716:2023
265:and
259:Java
157:The
61:Type
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261:,
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