2452:
3447:
police forces; it was 80% higher when the
Janjaweed and the Sudanese Government attacked together; 2) the risk of displacement was nearly 110% higher during a joint attack compared to when the police or Janjaweed acted alone, and 85% higher when Janjaweed forces attacked alone compared to when the attack was only perpetrated by government forces; 3) attacks on food and water supplies made it 129% more likely for inhabitants to be displaced compared to attacks that involved house burnings or killings; 4) perpetrators knew and took "special advantage" of the susceptibility of Darfur residents to attacks focused on basic resources. This vulnerability came against the backdrop of increased regional desertification.
2641:) and Ahmed Ibrahim Ali Diraige. Closed-door meetings between the AU-UN and rebel leaders, as well as among rebel leaders took place. Eight more participants arrived on 4 August (including Jar el-Neby, Salah Adam Isaac and Suleiman Marajan), while the SLM Unity faction boycotted the talks because the Sudanese government had threatened to arrest Suleiman Jamous if he left the hospital. The rebel leaders aimed to unify their positions and demands, which included compensation for the victims and autonomy for Darfur. They eventually reached agreement on joint demands, including power and wealth sharing, security, land and humanitarian issues.
2789:
3425:
2044:
477:
379:
598:
579:
568:
231:
3973:
3797:
origin remains unclear. The report also lists seven Soviet- or
Russian-made Mi-24 Hind gunships that had been deployed to Darfur, though without specifying which country sold them to Sudan, or when. While noting that Russia sold arms worth tens of millions of dollars to Sudan in 2005 alone, the report does not specifically identify any weapons sold to Sudan by Russia after the outbreak of the Darfur conflict or after the imposition of the UNSC ban on arms transfers to Darfur, and it does not provide any evidence that any such weapons were deployed to Darfur.
2123:
774:
755:
547:
3622:
3486:
121:
2999:(HRW) released in February said 221 people were raped by government soldiers in "a mass rape that could constitute crimes against humanity". Witnesses reported three separate operations were carried out in one and a half days. Property was looted, men arrested, residents beaten and women and girls raped. Most of the town's population are Fur people. It had been controlled by rebel forces previously but HRW found no evidence that the rebel fighters were in or close to the village when it was attacked.
2815:
3462:
2917:
767:
748:
540:
286:
259:
2849:
involvement of rebel groups might be possible. Later in
February, the Sudanese government agreed to return to Doha with a view to complete a new peace agreement by the end of that month. On 25 February, both the LJM and the JEM announced that they had rejected the peace document proposed by the mediators in Doha. The main sticking points were the issues of a Darfuri vice-president and compensation for victims. The Sudanese government did not comment on the peace document.
3075:
3016:
2350:
341:
3805:
supplied
African chieftains with the military means to maintain control as they extracted natural resources. According to China's critics, China threatened to use its veto on the U.N. Security Council to protect Khartoum from sanctions and was able to water down every resolution on Darfur in order to protect its interests. Accusations of the supply of weapons from China, which were then transferred to Darfur by the Sudanese government in violation of the UN
1476:. Although the Sudanese government publicly denies that it supported the Janjaweed, evidence supports claims that it provided financial assistance and weapons and coordinated joint attacks, many against civilians. Estimates of the number of human casualties range up to several hundred thousand dead, from either combat or starvation and disease. Mass displacements and coercive migrations forced millions into refugee camps or across the border, creating a
1234:
820:
326:
246:
272:
2845:
conduct trials of persons accused of human rights violations. Proposals for a new Darfur
Regional Authority were included. This authority would have an executive council of 18 ministers and would remain in place for five years. The current three Darfur states and state governments would continue to exist during this period. In February, the Sudanese government rejected the idea of a single region headed by a vice-president from the region.
514:
366:
1968:
794:
728:
716:
704:
693:
682:
670:
658:
647:
621:
609:
392:
311:
2971:
attacked and reportedly destroyed a
Maaliya compound. In the battle, 77 Maaliya and 36 Rezeigat were killed, and another 200 people were injured. Both sides said Land Cruisers were used in the battle. The Maaliya accused the Rezeigat of attacking and burning villages while employing "heavy weaponry". On 11 August, the fighting spread to several other areas in southeastern Darfur. The violence reportedly arose over a land dispute.
3507:. An updated estimate published the following month put the number of deaths for the 6-month period from March to October 2004 due to starvation and disease at 70,000; These figures were criticized because they only considered short periods and did not include deaths from violence. A more recent British Parliamentary Report estimated that over 300,000 people had died and others have published even higher death toll estimates.
408:
526:
464:
447:
3842:(8 per cent)." The report found that Chinese weapons were pervasive among most parties to the Sudanese conflicts, including the war in Darfur, but identified few if any weapons of Russian origin. (The section "Chinese weapons and ammunition" receives 20 pages in the report, whereas the only mention of Russian arms is to be found in the sentence "the majority of...mines have been of Chinese and Soviet/Russian origin.").
735:
489:
438:
353:
64:
3575:
502:
12614:
2318:, stated that he did not object to the UN peacekeeping force, rejecting the Sudanese government's view that such a deployment would be an act of Western invasion. Minnawi claimed that AMIS "can do nothing because the AU mandate is very limited". Khartoum remained opposed to UN involvement, with al-Bashir depicting it as a colonial plan and stating that "we do not want Sudan to turn into
2667:
3409:. As a result of the shooting, one person was said to have been killed, leaving five others seriously wounded. Protests erupted following the attack, with protesters setting many shops on fire and blocking all main roads leading to the town. According to Al Jazeera, some people threatened the doctors at the hospital to attend to their wounded patients and leave other patients.
3780:
influence upon some countries is strong. We believe that the
Chinese expansion was natural because it filled the space left by Western governments, the United States, and international funding agencies. The success of the Sudanese experiment in dealing with China without political conditions or pressures encouraged other African countries to look toward China."
1808:.) to work together to defend against government-sponsored attacks on their villages. The rebels' first military action was a successful attack on an army garrison on 25 February 2002. The government had been aware of a unified rebel movement since an attack on the Golo police station in June, 2002. Flint and de Waal place the start of the
3895:. MRG's executive director, Mark Lattimer, stated that: "this level of crisis, the killings, rape and displacement could have been foreseen and avoided ... Darfur would just not be in this situation had the UN systems got its act together after Rwanda: their action was too little too late." On 20 October 120 genocide survivors of
3477:
such as "abid" and "zurga" were used, which mean slave and black. One victim, Sawelah
Suliman, was told by her assailant, "Black girl, you are too dark. You are like a dog. We want to make a light baby." In an 88-page report, victims from Darfur have also accused the Rapid Support Forces of rape and assault as recently as 2015.
2280:
displacing over 1,000. On 5 September, Sudan asked the existing AU force to leave by the end of the month, adding that "they have no right to transfer this assignment to the United
Nations or any other party. This right rests with the government of Sudan." On 4 September, in a move not viewed as surprising, Chad's president
3880:, a scholar specializing in African conflicts, argued that the world's most powerful countries have limited themselves to expressing concern and demand for the United Nations to take action. The UN, lacking initiative and will, initially left the African Union to deploy a token force without a mandate to protect civilians.
3416:, South Darfur killed at least 36 people, with 37 others wounded. An aid worker who spoke anonymously revealed that the clash erupted as a result of a land dispute between the two conflicting parties. Subsequently, a certain state of calm was said to have been attained, following the deployment of more troops to Um Dafuk.
2825:, head of the joint African Union-United Nations mission in Darfur, said the war was over in the region, although low-level disputes remained. There was still "anditry, localised issues, people trying to resolve issues over water and land at a local level. But real war as such, I think we are over that," he said.
3826:, "Over the period 2001β12, Khartoum's reports to UN Comtrade reveal significant fluctuation in annual conventional arms imports. The majority of the Sudanese government's total self-reported imports of small arms and light weapons, their ammunition, and 'conventional weapons' over the period originated in
2841:. A new rebel group, the Sudanese Alliance Resistance Forces in Darfur was formed and JEM planned further talks. Talks ended on 19 December with agreement only on basic principles; these included a regional authority and a referendum on autonomy. The possibility of a Darfuri Vice-President was discussed.
3845:
China and Russia denied the accusation by stating that they had not broken any UN sanctions. China has a close relationship with Sudan and increased its military co-operation with the government in early 2007. Because of Sudan's plentiful supply of oil, China considers good relations with Sudan to be
3804:
claimed that over 90% of the light weapons currently being imported by Sudan and used in the conflict are from China. Human rights advocates and opponents of the
Sudanese government portray China's role in providing weapons and aircraft as a cynical attempt to obtain oil, just as colonial powers once
2434:
stated that "there should be no talk about a mixed force" and that the UN's role should be restricted to technical support. Also on 18 November, the AU reported that Sudanese military and Sudanese-backed militias had launched a ground and air operation in the region that resulted in about 70 civilian
3734:
cases. On 3 February 2010 the Appeals Chamber of the ICC found that the Pre-Trial Chamber had applied "an erroneous standard of proof when evaluating the evidence submitted by the Prosecutor" and that the Prosecutor's application for a warrant of arrest on the genocide charges should be sent back to
3476:
Non-Arab people were reportedly raped by Janjaweed militiamen as a result of the Sudanese government's goal of completely eliminating the presence of black Africans and non-Arabs from Darfur. The Washington Post Foreign Service interviewed verified victims of the rapes and recorded that Arabic terms
3446:
A 2011 study examined 1,000 interviews with black African participants who fled from 22 village clusters to various refugee camps in 2003 and 2004. The study found: 1) the frequency of hearing racial epithets during an attack was 70% higher when it was led by the Janjaweed alone compared to official
3117:
suggest that low-level violence continued in Darfur through early 2018, with Sudanese government forces attacking communities in the Jebel Marra area. As UNAMID forces began to be drawn down with an eye to exiting Darfur, there were competing views on the levels of unrest in the region: UN officials
2796:
Witnesses said that heavy gunfire could be heard in the west of Sudan's capital. Sudanese troops backed by tanks, artillery, and helicopter gunships were immediately deployed to Omdurman, and fighting raged for several hours. After seizing the strategic military airbase at Wadi-Sayedna, the Sudanese
2644:
In the months through August, Arab tribes that had worked together in the Janjaweed militia began falling out among themselves, and further splintered. Thousands of Terjem and Mahria gunmen traveled hundreds of miles to fight in the strategic Bulbul river valley. Farther south, Habanniya and Salamat
3633:
In May 2009 the Mandate Darfur was canceled because the "Sudanese government is obstructing the safe passage of Darfurian delegates from Sudan." The Mandate was a conference that would have brought together 300 representatives from different regions of Darfur's civil society. The conference planned
3472:
Immediately after the Janjaweed entered the conflict, the rape of women and young girls, often by multiple militiamen and often throughout entire nights, began to be reported at a staggering rate. Children as young as 2 years old were reported victims, while mothers were assaulted in front of their
3432:
The well-armed Janjaweed quickly gained an advantage over rebel factions. By the spring of 2004, several thousand people β mostly from the non-Arab population β had been killed and as many as a million more had been driven from their homes, causing a major humanitarian crisis. The crisis took on an
2801:
into Khartoum. By late afternoon, Sudanese TV claimed that the rebels had been "completely repulsed", while showing live images of burnt vehicles and corpses on the streets. The government imposed a curfew in Khartoum from 5 pm to 6 am, while aid agencies told their workers in the capital
2546:
expressed doubts as to whether "this new deal will lead to any genuine thaw in relations or improvement in the security situation". Chadian rebel Union of Forces for Democracy and Development (UFDD) which had fought a hit-and-run war against DΓ©by's forces in eastern Chad since 2006, stated that the
2383:. The measures were said to strengthen existing sanctions by prohibiting US citizens from engaging in oil-related transactions with Sudan (although US companies had been prohibited from doing business with Sudan since 1997), freezing the assets of complicit parties and denying them entry to the US.
1927:
strategy. Though the government consistently denied supporting them, military resources were poured into Darfur and the Janjaweed were outfitted as a paramilitary force, complete with communication equipment and some artillery. The military planners were aware of the probable consequences of such a
3796:
conducted indiscriminate aerial bombings of villages in Darfur and eastern Chad using ground attack fighters and repurposed Antonov transport planes. However, it does not specify whether the ground attack fighters in question are those purchased from China in the early-mid-2000s, and the Antonovs'
3758:
in Montreal and a former war crimes prosecutor, says although he may not go to trial, "He will effectively be in prison within the Sudan itself...Al-Bashir now is not going to be able to leave the Sudan without facing arrest." The Prosecutor warned that authorities could arrest the President if he
3002:
3,300 villages were destroyed in 2014 in attacks on civilians according to the UN Panel of Experts. Government forces or those aligned with them were behind most attacks. There were more than 400,000 attacks during the first ten months of the year. The report said that it was "highly probable that
2970:
claimed the Rezeigat had killed five members of their tribe in the southeastern region of Adila. They responded by seizing 400 Rizeigat cattle on 6 August. Community leaders intervened to prevent escalation. When the Maalia failed to return the cattle, violence broke out on 10 August. The Rezeigat
2844:
In January 2011, the leader of the LJM, Dr. Tijani Sese, stated that the movement had accepted the core proposals of the Darfur peace document as proposed by the mediators in Doha. The proposals included a $ 300,000,000 compensation package for victims of atrocities in Darfur and special courts to
2805:
Some 93 soldiers and 13 policemen were killed along with 30 civilians in the attack on Khartoum and Omdurman. Sudanese forces confirmed that they found the bodies of 90 rebels and had spotted dozens more strewn outside the city limits. While Sudanese authorities claimed that up to 400 rebels could
2402:
In late 2006, Darfur Arabs started their own rebel group, the Popular Forces Troops, and announced on 6 December that they had repulsed an assault by the Sudanese army at Kas-Zallingi the previous day. They were the latest of numerous Darfur Arab groups to oppose the government since 2003, some of
2279:
On 31 August 2006, the UNSC approved a resolution to send a new peacekeeping force of 17,300 to the region. Sudan expressed strong opposition to the resolution. On 1 September, African Union officials reported that Sudan had launched a major offensive in Darfur, killing more than 20 civilians and
3770:
Some analysts think that the ICC indictment is counterproductive and harms the peace process. Only days after the ICC indictment, al-Bashir expelled 13 international aid organizations from Darfur and disbanded three domestic aid organizations. In the aftermath of the expulsions, conditions in the
3517:
estimated that 10,000 people were dying each month, excluding deaths due to ethnic violence. An estimated 2.7 million people had at that time been displaced from their homes, mostly seeking refuge in camps in Darfur's major towns. Two hundred thousand had fled to neighboring Chad. Reports of
3352:
On 8 April, the governor of the West Darfur, Mohamed Abdallah Douma stated in a news conference that at least 132 people had been killed during the days of unrest in the state. However, the Western Darfur State Doctors Committee has placed the death toll to be at least 125 during the sixth day of
2417:
tribes became tense. Terjem leaders accused the Mahria of kidnapping a Terjem boy, while Mahria leaders said the Terjem had been stealing their animals. Ali Mahamoud Mohammed, the wali, or governor, of South Darfur, said the fighting began in December when the Mahria drove their camels south in a
2386:
The lack of funding and equipment for the AU mission meant that the work of aid workers in Darfur was severely limited by fighting. Some warned that the humanitarian situation could deteriorate to levels seen in 2003 and 2004, when UN officials called Darfur the world's worst humanitarian crisis.
3311:
On 24 January, the UN refugee agency revealed that at least 250 people have died since the initial outbreak of tribal clashes in January. Three humanitarian workers were among those who had been killed. Also, more than 100,000 people are believed to have been displaced, fleeing into neighboring
2747:
On 15 November, nine rebel groups β six SLM factions, the Democratic Popular Front, the Sudanese Revolutionary Front and the Justice and Equality MovementβField Revolutionary Command β signed a Charter of Unification and agreed to operate under the name of SLM/A henceforth. On 30 November it was
1899:
The Al-Fashir raid was a turning point, both militarily and psychologically. The armed forces had been humiliated by the raid, placing the government in a difficult strategic situation. The incompetent armed forces needed to be retrained and redeployed amid concerns about the loyalty of the many
3779:
Al-Bashir requested assistance from non-western countries after the West, led by America, imposed sanctions on his government . He said, "From the first day, our policy was clear: To look eastward, toward China, Malaysia, India, Pakistan, Indonesia, and even Korea and Japan, even if the Western
3533:
In August 2010, Eric Reeves argued that total mortality from all violent causes, direct and indirect, at that point in the conflict, exceeded 500,000. His analysis took account of all previous mortality data and studies, including that by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disaster.
3441:
The 23 Fur villages in the Shattaya Administrative Unit have been completely depopulated, looted and burnt to the ground (the team observed several such sites driving through the area for two days). Meanwhile, dotted alongside these charred locations are unharmed, populated and functioning Arab
3307:
On 20 January, the residence of the provincial Governor of West Darfur Mohammed Abdalla al-Douma, was under an attempted attack by unidentified gunmen. Security forces managed to repel the attack without any reports of casualties or destruction of properties. Meanwhile, reports from local media
2442:
accused the Sudanese government of having committed "a deliberate and unprovoked attack" against civilians in Sirba on 11 November, which claimed the lives of at least 30 people. The Commissioner's statement maintained that "contrary to the government's claim, it appears that the Sudanese Armed
3437:, pursued by militiamen who clashed with Chadian government forces along the border. More than 70 militiamen and 10 Chadian soldiers were killed in one gun battle in April. A United Nations observer team reported that non-Arab villages were singled out, while Arab villages were left untouched:
3391:
On 28 April Sudanese security forces attempted to forcefully disperse a sit-in protest in Bielel, South Darfur. One woman was said to have been killed while at least eight others were wounded. Tear gas was said to have been used to disperse the crowd by a joint force from both the army and the
1727:
campaign, segregating Arabs and non-Arabs. Sudanese Arabs, who controlled the government, were widely referred to as practicing apartheid against Sudan's non-Arab citizens. The government was accused of "deftly manipulat Arab solidarity" to carry out policies of apartheid and ethnic cleansing.
3787:
issued a report accusing China and Russia of supplying arms, ammunition and related equipment to Sudan, some of which the government may have transferred to Darfur in violation of a UN arms embargo. The report claims that Sudan imported 10β20 combat aircraft from China in the early-mid-2000s,
3356:
The UN has called on the authorities to ensure that citizens are protected and that an immediate investigation of the clashes is launched. They also maintained that all the perpetrators of the violence must be held responsible, in order to attain justice for those affected during the clashes,
3228:
who refused to be part of the agreement. On 3 October 2020, the SRF, the SPLMβN led by Malik Agar and the SLM led by Minni Minnawi signed another peace deal with the Sudanese government, with the absence of both al Nur and al-Hilu. However, the deal included terms to integrate rebels into the
2848:
On 29 January, the LJM and JEM leaders issued a joint statement affirming their commitment to the Doha negotiations and intention to attend the Doha forum on 5 February. The Sudanese government postponed decision to attend the forum due to beliefs that an internal peace process without the
2394:
to leave the country within three days. Pronk, the senior UN official in the country, had been heavily criticized by the Sudanese army after he posted a description of several recent military defeats in Darfur to his personal blog. On 1 November, the US announced that it would formulate an
2474:
and al-Bashir agreed to a cease-fire whereby the Sudanese "government and rebel groups will cease hostilities for a period of 60 days while they work towards a lasting peace." In addition, the Save Darfur press release stated that the agreement "included a number of concessions to improve
2481:
reported that "a confidential United Nations report says the government of Sudan is flying arms and heavy military equipment into Darfur in violation of Security Council resolutions and painting Sudanese military planes white to disguise them as United Nations or African Union aircraft."
2979:
On 19 March, peacekeepers said they had received recent reports of villages that were attacked and burned after the UN expressed concern over the increasing number of internally displaced persons. UNAMID said that the attacks were in Hashaba, about 100 kilometers north-west of the city
2785:, over the control of a military headquarters. They also raided a police base from which they stole police vehicles. A Sudanese police spokesperson said that the leader of the assailants, Mohamed Saleh Garbo, and his intelligence chief, Mohamed Nur Al-Deen, were killed in the clash.
3247:
UNAMID ended its mission on 31 December, with a complete withdrawal scheduled for 30 June. At the time the mission ended UNAMID had 4,000 troops, 1,631 police, 480 police advisers, 483 international civilian staff, and 945 national civilian staff in the region as of December 2020.
3379:
On 14 April, a statement released by the UN refugee agency confirmed that the violence in Geneina had stopped, based on reports which suggested that there haven't been any shootings for the past four days. The tribal clashes led to at least 1,860 people to flee into neighboring
2573:
and Britain announced they would push for a UN resolution to dispatch African Union and United Nations peacekeepers to Darfur and would push for an immediate cease-fire in Darfur and are prepared to provide "substantial" economic aid "as soon as a cease-fire makes it possible".
2313:
official reported that food aid had been blocked from reaching at least 355,000 people. Annan said, "the tragedy in Darfur has reached a critical moment. It merits this council's closest attention and urgent action." On 14 September, the leader of the Sudan Liberation Movement,
1994:
declaring that the Sudanese government had not met its commitments and expressing concern at helicopter attacks and assaults by the Janjaweed. It welcomed the intention of the African Union to enhance its monitoring mission and urged all member states to support such efforts.
3372:, capital of West Darfur, where they held separate talks with the Arab Rizeigat and the non-Arab Masalit tribes. After the visit, the Dar Masalit Displaced People expressed their refusal to accept the result of the mediation headed by al-Burhan. They blamed the paramilitary
3717:
After an arrest warrant was issued for the Sudanese president in March 2009, the Prosecutor appealed to add genocide charges. However, the Pre-Trial Chamber found that there was no reasonable ground to support the contention that he had a specific intent to commit genocide
2557:, the largest refugee camp, which had a population of over 130,000. The agency cited inaction by local authorities from the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM), which controls the region, in addressing security concerns and violence against aid workers. An employee of the
2426:
On 17 November, reports of a potential deal to place a "compromise peacekeeping force" in Darfur were announced, but would later appear to have been rejected by Sudan. The UN claimed on 18 November that Sudan had agreed to the deployment of UN peacekeepers. Sudan's
3319:
On 28 March, Al-Hilu, leader of SPLA-North, signed a peace agreement with the Sudanese government in Juba, South Sudan, which would guarantee freedom of religion in a civil, democratic Sudan that would also have a single unified army to protect national security.
9544:
2284:
voiced support for the UN peacekeeping force. The AU, whose mandate expired on 30 September 2006, confirmed that the AMIS would leave. The next day, however, a senior US State Department official told reporters that the AU force might remain past the deadline.
2187:
Renewed fighting began in July and August 2006, and international aid organizations considered leaving due to attacks against their personnel. Annan called for 18,000 international peacekeepers in Darfur to replace the 7,000-man AMIS force. In one incident at
2948:, outside Darfur, and that they were headed for Khartoum to topple the president. The head of an SLA faction, Abdel Wahid Mohammed al-Nur, called it "a significant shift in the war". An estimated 300,000 were displaced by violence from January through May.
2905:(SLM-MM) killed 12 Sudanese soldiers and took control of the Alawna area in North Darfur. The SLM-MM also said they destroyed one vehicle and captured another belonging to the Sudanese forces and said one of their soldiers was wounded in the fighting.
1900:
Darfurian non-commissioned officers and soldiers. Responsibility for prosecuting the war was given to Sudanese military intelligence. Nevertheless, in the middle months of 2003, rebels won 34 of 38 engagements. In May, the SLA destroyed a battalion at
2227:
around the Kalma refugee camp during the previous several weeks and that the Janjaweed were reportedly using rape to cause women to be humiliated and ostracised by their own communities. On 25 August, the head of the U.S. State Department's
2500:
On 31 March, Janjaweed militiamen killed 200 to 400 people in the eastern border region of Chad near Sudan. The border villages of Tiero and Marena were encircled and then fired upon. The women were robbed and the men shot according to the
2395:
international plan which it hoped the Sudanese government would find more palatable. On 9 November, senior Sudanese presidential advisor Nafie Ali Nafie told reporters that his government was prepared to start unconditional talks with the
2219:(UNSC) meeting to explain its plan to send 10,000 Sudanese soldiers to Darfur instead of the proposed 20,000 UN peacekeeping force. The Security Council announced it would hold the meeting despite Sudan's absence. Also on 24 August, the
2732:
Sudan Liberation MovementβUnity, originally led by Abdallah Yehya, includes many other prominent figures (Sherif Harir, Abu Bakr Kadu, Ahmed Kubur); the group with the largest number of rebel fighters; object for the same reason as the
1887:
bombers and helicopter gunships (according to the government; seven according to the rebels) were destroyed on the ground, 75 soldiers, pilots and technicians were killed and 32 were captured, including the commander of the air base, a
3229:
security forces, and to grant them political representation and economic and land rights, in addition to a 10-year plan to invest $ 750 million to develop southern and western regions, and to guarantee the return for displaced people.
2211:
stated that Sudan's efforts remained poor despite the May Agreement. On 19 August, Sudan reiterated its opposition to replacing AMIS with a UN force, resulting in the US issuing a "threat" to Sudan over the "potential consequences".
2924:
A donors conference in Doha pledged US$ 3.6 billion to help rebuild Darfur. The conference was criticised in the region that the Sudan Liberation Army (Minni Minnawi) rebels had taken. According to the group's Hussein Minnawi,
3560:. The article, entitled "Patterns of mortality rates in Darfur conflict", estimated with 95% confidence that the excess number of deaths is between 178,258 and 461,520 (with a mean of 298,271), with 80% of these due to disease.
9002:
3546:
published an op-ed stating that many of the published mortality rates have been misleading because they include a large number of people who had died of disease and malnutrition, as well as those who died from direct violence.
3771:
displaced camps deteriorated. Previous ICC indictments, such as the arrest warrants of the LRA leadership in the ongoing war in northern Uganda, were also accused of harming peace processes by criminalizing one side of a war.
3529:
in Brussels, Belgium published an analysis of mortality in Darfur. Their estimate stated that from September 2003 to January 2005, between 98,000 and 181,000 persons died in Darfur, including 63,000 to 146,000 excess deaths.
1498:. However, talks were disrupted by accusations that the Sudanese army launched raids and air strikes against a village, violating the Tolu agreement. The JEM, the largest rebel group in Darfur, vowed to boycott negotiations.
5035:
4412:
3342:, reports suggest that there has been the destruction of humanitarian facilities, during the violence in the region. Also, the decision to declare a state of emergency in the region was applauded by the UN envoy for Sudan,
2010:(AMIS) force was increased by 600 troops and 80 military observers. In July, the force was increased by about 3,300 (with a budget of 220 million dollars). In April, 2005, AMIS's forces were increased to about 7,000.
2475:
humanitarian aid and media access to Darfur." Despite the formality of a ceasefire there were further media reports of killings and other violence. On 15 April 2007, African Union peacekeepers were targeted and killed.
1824:
District. By this point several rebel attacks had been carried out against police stations, army outposts and military convoys and the government engaged in a massive air and land assault on the rebel stronghold in the
9534:
3746:
charged with crimes under the Rome Statute. He rejected the charges and said, "Whoever has visited Darfur, met officials and discovered their ethnicities and tribes ... will know that all of these things are lies."
2140:
The 115-page agreement included agreements on national and state power-sharing, demilitarization of the Janjaweed and other militias, an integration of Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and JEM troops into the
1742:
against black citizens. According to Ayittey, "In Sudan... the Arabs monopolized power and excluded blacks β Arab apartheid." Many African commentators joined Ayittey in accusing Sudan of practising Arab apartheid.
2192:, seven women, who ventured out of a refugee camp to gather firewood, were gang-raped, beaten and robbed by the Janjaweed. When they had finished, the attackers stripped them naked and jeered at them as they fled.
3511:
2024:, a parallel denied by the Sudanese government. Independent observers noted that the tactics, which included dismemberment and killing of noncombatants, including young children and infants, were more akin to the
6955:
9212:
1493:
The Sudanese government and the JEM signed a ceasefire agreement in February 2010, with a tentative agreement to pursue peace. The JEM has the most to gain from the talks and could see semi-autonomy much like
4515:
Ofcansky, Thomas P. (2015). "Foreign Military Assistance" (PDF). In Berry, LaVerle (ed.). Sudan: a country study (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. pp. 344β347. ISBN
10395:
5708:
2325:
On 2 October, the AU announced that it would extend its presence until 31 December 2006. Two hundred UN troops were sent to reinforce the AU force. On 6 October, the UNSC voted to extend the mandate of the
6275:
2886:
of 2005 and when signed, would halt preparations for a Darfur status referendum. The proposed document included provisions for a Darfuri Vice-President and an administrative structure that included three
8182:
2728:
Sudan Liberation Movement (Abdel Wahed), led by Abdel Wahed Mohamed el-Nur; the group has few forces, but its leader is highly respected; refused to attend until a force was deployed to stem the Darfur
4628:
3754:
until he is apprehended in a nation which accepts ICC jurisdiction, as Sudan is not a party to the Rome Statute, which it signed but did not ratify. Payam Akhavan, a professor of international law at
10712:
2505:. Many of those who survived the initial attack, ended up dying due to exhaustion and dehydration, often while fleeing. On 14 April 2007, more attacks were reported by the UNHCR in Tiero and Marena.
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On 5 May, thousands of displaced people that were affected by the clashes in Geneina, requested to go back to their homes. They made the request due to the poor living conditions in their shelters.
2995:. Sudan denied this and did not permit the UN (who said their first inquiry was inconclusive "in part due to the heavy presence of military and police") to make another inquiry. An investigation by
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4650:: Le SecrΓ©taire gΓ©nΓ©ral et la PrΓ©sidente de la Commission de l'Union africaine nomment M. Martin Ihoeghian Uhomoibhi, du NigΓ©ria, ReprΓ©sentant spΓ©cial conjoint pour le Darfour et Chef de la MINUAD
2059:
was sworn in as Sudan's vice-president. However, on 30 July, Garang died in a helicopter crash. Despite improved security, talks between the various rebels in the Darfur region progressed slowly.
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3144:, requires that a peace agreement be made in Darfur and other regions of armed conflict in Sudan within the first six months of the 39-month transition period to democratic civilian government.
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On 1 February 2012, clashes between the JEM and a group of armed Arab citizens in East Darfur left 3 rebels killed, the attacks occurred as a response to repeated violations by JEM in the area.
1004:
Although he was a Chadian rebel leader and he was also the head of an insurgent militia, Mohammed Nour Abdelkerim was so close to the Sudanese Armed Forces that he enlisted as an officer in the
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318:
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2539:'s UFDD may have been receiving Saudi as well as Sudanese support could have pushed him to sign the Saudi-mediated pact with Bashir". Colin Thomas-Jensen, an expert on Chad and Darfur at the
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Forces launched a deliberate and unprovoked attack on civilians and their property in Sirba," and that this also involved "extensive and wanton destruction and looting of civilian property".
383:
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3903:
and Rwandan genocides, backed by six aid agencies, submitted an open letter to the European Union, calling on them to do more, proposing a UN peacekeeping force as "the only viable option".
3272:, the incident began when a member of an Arab tribe was stabbed by another member of the Masalit tribe. Following the unrest, a high profile delegation authorized by Sudanese Prime Minister
1860:
of hit-and-run raids proved almost impossible for the army β untrained in desert operations β to counter. However, its aerial bombardment of rebel positions on the mountain was devastating.
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leading to a peace agreement be made in Darfur and other regions of armed conflict in Sudan within the first six months of the 39-month transition period to democratic civilian government.
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1452:; the majority of other Arab groups in Darfur remained uninvolved. The other side is made up of rebel groups, notably the SLM/A and the JEM, recruited primarily from the non-Arab Muslim
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Clashes between the Arabs and non-Arabs in West Darfur began on January 15. By 18 January the death toll was reported to have reached at least 129 people, including women and children.
2257:, circumventing the Sudanese government's official restrictions on foreign journalists. He was later released after direct negotiation with President al-Bashir. This came a month after
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Faced with a boycott from the most important rebel factions, the talks were rebranded as an "advanced consultation phase", with official talks likely to start in November or December.
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tribes clashed. The fighting did not result in as many deaths as in 2003 and 2004. United Nations officials said the groups might be trying to seize land before peacekeepers arrived.
9604:
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9366:
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300:
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3819:, an NGO that campaigns for better natural resource governance, says: "Sudan has purchased about $ 100m in arms from China and has used these weapons against civilians in Darfur."
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near the Sudanese border led to the death of 300 rebels in December. Sudan was blamed for the attack, which was the second in the region in three days. Escalating tensions led the
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civilian communities were targeted as a result of their actual or perceived affiliations with armed opposition groups" and that "such attacks were carried out with impunity".
2908:
Little progress occurred after September 2012 and the situation slowly worsened and violence was escalating. The population of displaced Sudanese in IDP camps also increased.
1053:
2399:(NRF) rebel alliance, but noted he saw little use for a new peace agreement. The NRF, which had rejected the May Agreement and sought a new peace agreement, did not comment.
1904:, killing 500 and taking 300 prisoners; in mid-July, 250 were killed in a second attack on Tine. The SLA began to infiltrate farther east, threatening to extend the war into
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2614:, who headed a rather small splinter group of the SLA/M that he had initially founded in 2003, was considered to be the representatives of a large part of the displaced
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with 51 counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity. Ahmed Haroun said he "did not feel guilty", his conscience was clear, and that he was ready to defend himself.
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emerged and became particularly active in the areas of engaging the United States Congress and President on the issue and pushing for divestment, initially launched by
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have been killed, the rebels stated that they lost 45 fighters dead or wounded. Sudanese authorities also claimed to have destroyed 40 rebel vehicles and captured 17.
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Multiple casualty estimates have been published since the war began, ranging from roughly 10,000 civilians (Sudanese government estimate) to hundreds of thousands.
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controls between 60 and 70 percent of Sudan's total oil production. Additionally, it owns the largest single share (40 percent) of Sudan's national oil company,
3399:, protesters gathered in front of the building to protest against an attack on their village β Gassat Enjemet β which left three people dead and others wounded.
2610:
to unite the rebel groups to streamline the subsequent peace negotiations with the government. Most senior rebel leaders attended, with the notable exception of
1008:, while his troops were temporarily organized as a regular pro-government militia. He and his militia left Sudanese service in 2005 in order to take part in the
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3706:. The Prosecutor claimed that Mr. al-Bashir "masterminded and implemented a plan to destroy in substantial part" three tribal groups in Darfur because of their
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attacks on civilian populations in Darfur, killing at least 250 people; the majority of the victims were children. It is believed that the munitions contained
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3331:, which led to the death of at least 40 people. During the three days of clashes, at least 58 people were also said to have been injured, according to the
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and Salamat Arab tribes announced a ceasefire after battles killed over 200 people. The UN security counsel also announced a review of its UNAMID mission.
35:
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tribe and the Beni Hussein group signed a peace deal during July after an eruption of violence between the two groups killed hundreds. Later in July, the
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troops to protect the ceasefire monitors. However, it soon became apparent that 150 troops would not be enough, and they were subsequently joined by 150
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the Pre-Trial Chamber to review based on the correct legal standard. In July 2010, al-Bashir was charged with three counts of genocide in Darfur by the
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Under the terms of the agreement, the factions that signed will be entitled to three seats on the sovereignty council, a total of five ministers in the
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5588:"How the Multilateral Institutions Compounded Africa's Economic Crisis", George B.N. Ayittey; Law and Policy in International Business, Vol. 30, 1999.
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3722:), which is an intention to destroy, in whole or in part, a protected group. The definition adopted by the Pre-Trial Chamber is the definition of the
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in December 2003. However, widespread media coverage did not start until the outgoing United Nations Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator for Sudan,
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4673:: Le SecrΓ©taire gΓ©nΓ©ral et l'Union africaine nomment le gΓ©nΓ©ral de corps d'armΓ©e Frank Mushyo Kamanzi, du Rwanda, Commandant de la force de la MINUAD
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According to the report Following the Thread: Arms and Ammunition Tracing in Sudan and South Sudan, released in May 2014 by the Swiss research group
3268:, left 84 dead and 160 wounded. This was two weeks after the United Nations withdrew its peacekeepers from the region. Based on a statement from the
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enters international airspace. The Sudanese government has announced that the Presidential plane would be accompanied by jet fighters. However, the
3335:. Later in the evening, Sudan's defense council declared a state of emergency and also deployed troops to the troubled region of West Darfur state.
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announced that Darfur's rebel movements had united into two large groups and were now ready to negotiate in an orderly manner with the government.
2406:
The same period saw an example of a tribe-based split within the Arab forces, when relations between the farming Terjem and nomadic, camel-herding
1516:
A comprehensive peace agreement was signed on 31 August 2020 between the Sudanese authorities and several rebel factions to end armed hostilities.
153:
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8515:
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4595:"Sudan: Application for summonses for two war crimes suspects a small but significant step towards justice in Darfur | Amnesty International"
3217:. At a regional level, signatories will be entitled between 30 and 40% of the seats on transitional legislatures of their home states or regions.
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3942:. The Brutality of the militias, the violence which was used by the armed forces, the corruption and the human rights abuses were also shown on
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As of 6 April, the West Darfur State Doctors' Committee reported that the death toll had reached 50, with 132 others injured. According to the
2762:
On 20 February, rebels and humanitarian workers reported that a fresh government/militia offensive had trapped thousands of refugees along the
2407:
1911:
Given that the army was consistently losing, the war effort switched to emphasize three elements: military intelligence, the air force and the
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and he urged the government to ensure the protection of humanitarian organizations, so as to provide services to the victims of the violence.
2535:. It asserted that neither country would harbor, train or fund armed movements opposed to the other. Reuters reported that "Deby's fears that
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between the Sudanese government, the JEM, and the SLA. One group that did not participate in the April cease-fire talks or agreement was the
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2837:(LJM), an umbrella organisation of ten rebel groups formed in February 2010, started a fresh round of talks with the Sudanese government in
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base, killing at least 12 peacekeepers in "the heaviest loss of life and biggest attack on the African Mission" during a raid at the end of
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5348:
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12686:
12328:"Response to Berkshire Hathaway's statement on its holdings in PetroChina Company Limited, Sudan Divestment Task Force, 23 February 2007"
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and warned that the region's remoteness meant that hundreds of thousands of people were effectively cut off from aid. The Brussels-based
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on 9 June 2020, thirteen years after he was charged by the International Criminal Court with 51 crimes against humanity and war crimes.
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against Darfur's non-Arabs. This resulted in the death of hundreds of thousands of civilians and the indictment of Sudan's president,
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On 12 April, following several days of violence in West Darfur that led to the deaths of at least 144 people, chairman of the ruling
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advocacy group coordinated a large rally in New York in April 2006. Depicted here is a discarded protest sign littering the street.
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3691:. The Sudan Government said that the ICC had no jurisdiction to try Sudanese citizens and that it would not surrender the two men.
3603:
3349:
On 7 April, 37 more deaths were recorded by the Sudanese doctors' committee in West Darfur, increasing the total death toll to 87.
3214:
1949:
295:
148:
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Ethnic clashes were also reported to have erupted in the eastern part of Sudan on 31 December 2020 and 1 January 2021 between the
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are enabling "green shoots of peace" to appear, helping to end this conflict. This project was conducted with funding from the
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11506:"Qatar, Arab League reject ICC cooperation request on Bashir arrest: report β Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan"
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On 17 January, a curfew was put in place by the Sudanese authorities, including a state of emergency in West Darfur region.
2725:, led by Khalil Ibrahim; they object to the presence of rebel groups they say had no constituency and no place at the table.
1671:
There are several different explanations for the origins of the conflict that started in 2003. One explanation involves the
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has urged the Sudanese government to see to the de-escalation of the violence in West Darfur and safeguard civilian lives.
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had crossed into Darfur. Most have been relocated by Sudanese government to former villages of displaced non-Arab people.
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settlements. In some locations, the distance between a destroyed Fur village and an Arab village is less than 500 meters.
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arrived in Darfur for a two-day visit. She urged the Sudanese government to accept the UN proposal. Nigerian President
6802:
4533:"Continued Detention of Rebel POWs suggests Sudan's military rulers are not ready to settle with the Armed Opposition"
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to "unleash" the army, the military had little in reserve. The army was already deployed in both the south, where the
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Vukoni Lupa Lasaga, "The slow, violent death of apartheid in Sudan," 19 September 2006, Norwegian Council for Africa.
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reported that a huge underground lake had been found. This find could eliminate the competition for water resources.
2561:
Action by Churches Together was murdered in June in West Darfur. Vehicle hijackings also made them consider leaving.
2531:
signed a peace agreement on 3 May 2007 aimed at reducing tension between their countries. The accord was brokered by
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1999:
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journalist, appeared in court in Darfur facing charges of espionage; he had crossed into the country illegally from
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border. As of 21 February, the total dead in Darfur stood at 450,000 with an estimated 3,245,000 people displaced.
2014:
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black southerners. Yet another origin is conflict between the Islamist, Khartoum-based national government and two
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8995:"Sudan: Statement by the High Representative Josep Borrell on the occasion of the signing of the Peace Agreement"
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pointed to a significant reduction in the scale and distribution of violence in Darfur, while other NGOS such as
2834:
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Children in the camps are encouraged to confront their psychological scars. The clay figures depict an attack by
2327:
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1987:
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1305:
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1021:
Number does not represent the number of soldiers stationed in Darfur, but the total number of military personnel.
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2007:
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In early 1991, non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe of Sudan attested that they were victims of an intensifying Arab
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3388:(UNHCR) maintained that the refugees arriving revealed that their homes and properties were being destroyed.
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On 31 July, Mahria gunmen surrounded mourners at the funeral of an important Terjem sheik and killed 60 with
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seasonal migration, trampling through Terjem territory near the Bulbul River. Fighting resumed in July 2007.
1892:. The success of the raid was unprecedented in Sudan; in the twenty years of the war in the south, the rebel
1712:
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250:
79:
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1956:, who had split from the JEM in April. Janjaweed and rebel attacks continued despite the ceasefire, and the
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5802:"Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur to the United Nations Secretary-General (PDF)"
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to declare its hostility toward Sudan and to call for Chadians to mobilise against the "common enemy" (see
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31:
10392:
Sudan: Further clashes possible after unrest in Foro Baranga, West Darfur State, May 28β29 | Crisis24
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2203:, warned that Sudan appeared to be preparing for a major military offensive. The warning came a day after
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arose when the Sudan Liberation Movement and the JEM, which is the largest rebel group in Darfur, entered
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a strategic necessity. China has direct commercial interests in Sudan's oil. China's state-owned company
3537:
The UN disclosed on 22 April 2008 that it might have underestimated the Darfur death toll by nearly 50%.
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2940:
On 27 April, following weeks of fighting, a coalition that included SLA and JEM said that they had taken
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The participants were Gamali Galaleiddine, Khalil Abdalla Adam, Salah Abu Surra, Khamis Abdallah Abakar,
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was to take over from AMIS by 31 December at the latest, and had an initial mandate up to 31 July 2008.
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and around the southern oil fields during the 1990s had resulted in massive human rights violations and
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8486:"Batil Refugee Camp, Maban County, Upper Nile State, South Sudan (as of 15 Mar 2013) | ReliefWeb"
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6136:
4789:
3384:, most of whom are believed to be women, children, and the elderly. Babar Baloch, a spokesman for the
2788:
2342:, claimed that the Sudanese government had prior knowledge of attacks by Janjaweed militias in Buram,
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9567:"World Food Programme Chief congratulates Sudanese government and rebel group on steps towards peace"
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4081:
3656:, taking into account the report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur, authorized by
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children. Young women were attacked so violently that they were unable to walk following the attack.
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has also been identified as a major source of the conflict. The Darfur crisis is also related to the
1556:
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235:
138:
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On 14 July 2008, the Prosecutor filed ten charges of war crimes against Sudan's incumbent President
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of 2004, but without mentioning specific crimes. Two permanent members of the Security Council, the
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2020:
warning about the risk of genocide. The scale of the Janjaweed campaign led to comparisons with the
1883:, the capital city of North Darfur and attacked the sleeping garrison. In the next four hours, four
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In November, local media reported that 200 women and girls had been raped by Sudanese soldiers in
2864:. The rebel groups protested and stated that this was a bid to further divide Darfur's influence.
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Security Council Refers Situation in Darfur, Sudan, to Prosecutor of International Criminal Court
10479:"36 killed, 32 injured in tribal clashes in Sudan's South Darfur - Xinhua | English.news.cn"
7542:"UN resolution for Darfur: An important but insufficient first step towards protecting civilians"
7062:
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6868:
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6284:
6259:
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The Case Against Israel's Enemies: Exposing Jimmy Carter and Others Who Stand in the Way of Peace
5531:
Waging Peace in Sudan: The Inside Story of the Negotiations that Ended Africa's Longest Civil War
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violent deaths compiled by the UN indicate between 6,000 and 7,000 fatalities from 2004 to 2007.
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1813:
1531:
1422:
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United Nations Inter-Agency Fact-Finding and Rapid Assessment Mission: Kailek Town, South Darfur
7826:
7627:
7527:
7504:
5607:
3602:, called Darfur the "world's greatest humanitarian crisis" in March 2004. Organizations such as
2797:
soldiers eventually defeated the rebels. A JEM force headed to the Al-Ingaz bridge to cross the
2618:. His absence was damaging to the peace talks. International officials stated that there is "no
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suggested that during the assassination attempt, several blasts were heard all over the state.
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2096:. However, the agreement was rejected by the smaller JEM and a rival faction of the SLA led by
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1510:
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1212:
1005:
845:
651:
209:
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11313:
8745:"Darfur conflict: 'Hundreds of children gassed to death since January by government in Sudan'"
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2372:
spoke against "stand by and see genocide taking place in Darfur." On 13 October, US President
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Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces
12529:. Translated by Andrew Brown (Revised, Updated, and Translated ed.). London: Zed Books.
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839:
798:
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10388:"Sudan: Further clashes possible after unrest in Foro Baranga, West Darfur State, May 28β29"
8965:"UNAMID JSR congratulates the Sudanese parties on the formal signing of the peace agreement"
5987:
4594:
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announced solidarity with al-Bashir. Since the warrant, he has visited Qatar and Egypt. The
2236:, warned that the region faced a security crisis unless the UN peacekeeping force deployed.
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15889:
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14201:
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listed Darfur as the most pressing food emergency out of the forty countries listed on its
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1961:
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while the hinterlands remained closer to native Sudanese cultures. It was first annexed to
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778:
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could have prevented the crisis and that few lessons appeared to have been drawn from the
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A 14 July 2007 article noted that in the past two months up to 75,000 Arabs from Chad and
8:
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15970:
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1398:
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451:
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8805:"UN officials urge support as Darfur attempts to 'turn the page' from conflict to peace"
8460:"Sudan: Ambassador Smith β 'Security Situation in Darfur Deteriorated Compared to 2011'"
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11715:
11089:
10971:"sudanreeves.org :: QUANTIFYING GENOCIDE: Darfur Mortality Update, August 6, 2010"
9868:"UN rights office urges protection, investigation, after latest clashes in West Darfur"
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should fail, they would step up their demands from self-determination to independence.
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had reported in May 2004 that over 350,000 people could potentially die as a result of
1924:
613:
84:
48:
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11077:
11035:
9329:"UN chief calls for protection of civilians as violence spikes in Sudan's West Darfur"
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One side of the conflict is mainly composed of the Sudanese military, police, and the
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12896:
12592:
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12559:
12530:
12203:
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11196:
11081:
9747:"UN envoy to Sudan welcomes state of emergency status on West Darfur due to violence"
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6671:
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5743:
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5638:
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imposed further sanctions against those deemed complicit in the atrocities under the
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on the future status of Darfur and measures to promote the flow of humanitarian aid.
2101:
1588:
1328:
1137:
1125:
16255:
15272:
14835:
14324:
13512:
12259:
12098:
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11093:
9838:"At least 125 dead as rival groups clash in Sudan's West Darfur, medical group says"
9746:
9448:
9234:
8603:
7990:
7965:
7922:
7896:
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7100:
7010:
6828:"Forty countries face food shortages, Darfur crisis is the most pressing: UN agency"
6396:
4729:
3877:
3405:
On 29 May, a group of armed men reportedly opened fire in a market in West Darfur's
1998:
During April, 2005, after the Sudanese government signed a ceasefire agreement with
16399:
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16085:
16041:
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15660:
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13492:
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13228:
13211:
13117:
13068:
13038:
12988:
12871:
12669:
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11163:
11073:
10513:
10048:"Sudan: Shooting Stops in West Darfur but Thousands Need Help After Ethnic Clashes"
9539:
6527:
6479:
6461:
6364:
6186:
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5502:
5416:
4672:
4649:
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2895:. The agreement was signed by the Government of Sudan and the LJM on 14 July 2011.
2584:
A hybrid UN/AU force was finally approved on 31 July with the unanimously approved
2435:
deaths. The AU stated that this "was a flagrant violation of security agreements".
2025:
2021:
1857:
1826:
1406:
587:
10357:
10301:
10219:
10107:
10047:
10016:
6449:
6102:"In a Darfur town, women recount numbing tale of their hell of rape and suffering"
4347:
2852:
On 9 March, it was announced that two more states would be established in Darfur:
16595:
16311:
16247:
16223:
16032:
15765:
15724:
15644:
15328:
15296:
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14534:
14342:
13965:
13809:
13431:
13421:
13341:
13253:
12993:
12975:
12916:
12574:
12549:
12388:
12365:
12284:
11817:
11794:
11771:
11292:
11272:
11042:
10994:
10578:
8700:
8459:
7997:
7972:
7107:
7082:
7017:
6962:
6918:
6898:
6875:
6834:
6809:
6766:
6741:
6691:
6648:
6623:
6590:
6547:
6522:
6499:
6456:
6359:
6304:
6297:
6279:
6254:
6231:
6206:
6181:
6161:
6156:
6063:
5963:
5944:
5925:
5906:
5887:
5664:
5632:
5529:
5175:
5162:
4907:
4882:
4859:
4679:
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4061:
4011:
3865:, in an effort to stop China's support. Sudan divestment efforts concentrated on
3793:
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3485:
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2471:
2349:
1876:
1863:
1809:
1746:
1594:
1414:
1249:
635:
42:
12381:
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7261:
7200:
7075:
6911:
6540:
6056:
6043:
5918:
5243:
5213:
4759:
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3412:
On 5 June, clashes between the Arab Taisha and ethnic African Fallata tribes in
2258:
16375:
15984:
15949:
15628:
15620:
15596:
15181:
15028:
15020:
14462:
14194:
14189:
14001:
13995:
13983:
13927:
13501:
13473:
13458:
13453:
13388:
13258:
13245:
13053:
13023:
13013:
12998:
11587:
10610:
9867:
9716:
9328:
8804:
7292:"Attacks in eastern Chad last month killed up to 400, U.N. refugee agency says"
4929:
4697:"Sudan, two rebel factions discuss ways to hold peace talks on Darfur conflict"
4249:
3996:
3943:
3924:
3816:
3695:
3579:
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3237:
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2239:
On 26 August, two days before the UNSC meeting and Frazer was due to arrive in
2233:
2224:
2165:
2161:
2130:
1929:
1920:
1837:
1836:, seizing large quantities of supplies and arms. Despite a threat by President
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1735:
1680:
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1645:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1410:
773:
754:
662:
602:
583:
546:
10302:"Sudan: West Darfur Families Displaced By El Geneina Violence Want to Go Home"
4269:
3774:
3675:
issued arrest warrants against the former Minister of State for the Interior,
2528:
2281:
2196:
1405:
population. The government responded to attacks by carrying out a campaign of
16656:
16407:
16271:
16263:
16231:
15797:
15384:
14620:
14421:
14359:
14251:
14013:
13989:
13436:
13063:
13033:
13008:
12711:
12706:
12584:
12089:
10987:
8847:
7977:
7314:"Up to 3,000 villagers flee homes in south-east Chad following fresh attacks"
7112:
7022:
5576:
5428:
4256:
3978:
3917:
3896:
3764:
3743:
3661:
3615:
3599:
3590:
International attention to the Darfur genocide largely began with reports by
3059:
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2536:
2339:
2315:
2126:
2105:
2093:
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1957:
1889:
1630:
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1526:
1481:
1465:
1169:
766:
747:
625:
572:
539:
120:
11992:"Following the Thread: Arms and Ammunition Tracing in Sudan and South Sudan"
11029:
7037:"Sudan "did not" give ok over international force for Darfur β top official"
6200:"Sudan reiterates opposition to replacing AU troop with UN forces in Darfur"
4532:
4110:
The name "Land Cruiser War" for the conflict in Darfur is primarily used by
1852:
were threatening a newly constructed pipeline from the central oilfields to
1613:
tribe in the 11th century AD, the peoples of the Nile valley became heavily
30:"Situation in Darfur" redirects here. For the criminal investigation by the
16383:
15917:
15827:
13555:
13048:
13043:
13018:
12983:
12545:
11085:
10908:
9479:"Over 100,000 displaced by resurgence of violence in Sudan's Darfur region"
9449:"UN: Bloody tribal clashes in Darfur killed 250 and displaced over 100,000"
6855:
6711:"We don't want Sudan to turn into "another Iraq" in the region β al-Bashir"
5967:
5057:
3854:. China consistently opposed economic and non-military sanctions on Sudan.
3806:
3789:
3727:
3676:
3490:
3433:
international dimension when over 100,000 refugees poured into neighboring
3406:
3396:
3233:
3202:(SRF), the SLM/A, the JEM, the Transitional Revolutionary Council, and the
3149:
2992:
2985:
2952:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2626:, who was universally accepted by the various South Sudanese rebel groups.
2600:
2532:
2486:
2343:
2301:, said Darfur faced a "humanitarian catastrophe". On 12 September, Sudan's
2244:
2189:
1945:
1777:
1760:
1622:
1598:
1487:
1081:
708:
14922:
11811:"Sudan: Arms continuing to fuel serious human rights violations in Darfur"
11788:"Sudan: Arms continuing to fuel serious human rights violations in Darfur"
11765:"Sudan: Arms continuing to fuel serious human rights violations in Darfur"
11675:"Sudan: Arms continuing to fuel serious human rights violations in Darfur"
11588:"Left behind: Why aid for Darfur's rape survivors has all but disappeared"
10704:
9899:"UN Criticizes Sudanese Authorities' Failure to Stop West Darfur Violence"
9145:"At Least 48 Dead in Militia Attack on El Geneina, West Darfur, says SUNA"
6377:
16295:
16007:
16000:
15604:
14731:
14630:
14625:
14174:
13948:
13703:
13058:
13003:
11835:"China β Sudan 90% of the weapons for Darfur come from China β Asia News"
10997:
8437:
8411:
7966:
Curfew in capital as Sudanese army clash near Khartoum with Darfur rebels
7377:
6789:
5493:
Straus, Scott (JanuaryβFebruary 2005). "Darfur and the Genocide Debate".
5336:
4091:
3888:
3812:
3760:
3680:
3514:
3324:
3265:
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3174:
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2867:
Advising both the LJM and JEM during the Doha peace negotiations was the
2623:
2619:
2490:
2169:
2056:
1821:
1817:
1657:
1634:
1614:
1495:
1441:
697:
686:
346:
12495:
12468:
7389:"UN Secretary-General welcomes signing of agreement between Chad, Sudan"
5514:
5436:
3792:
that have been sighted in Darfur. The report provides evidence that the
3074:
3015:
2882:
was proposed by the Doha mediators. This agreement was to supersede the
1832:
On 25 March 2003, the rebels seized the garrison town of Tine along the
152:
For a more detailed map of the current military situation in Sudan, see
16303:
15882:
15843:
15416:
15312:
14891:
14246:
12093:
11064:
10276:"West Darfur families displaced by El Geneina violence want to go home"
10220:"Sudan: Injuries As South Darfur Authorities Violently Disperse Sit-in"
8724:
8097:"Sudanese government, LJM rebels to sign a peace accord on 19 December"
5156:
Conflict Encyclopedia, Sudan, one-sided conflict, Janjaweed β civilians
3986:
3866:
3688:
3556:
3504:
3328:
3288:
2798:
2615:
2543:
2468:
2208:
2150:
2146:
2037:
2017:
1923:
uprising from 1986 to 1999. The Janjaweed became the center of the new
1853:
1785:
1696:
1610:
1453:
674:
631:
15612:
12625:
Photographer's Account β "The Cost of Silence: A Traveling Exhibition"
12194:"Bush Announces New Economic Sanctions on Sudan to Halt Darfur Crisis"
10592:"Displaced and Dispossessed of Darfur: Explaining Sources of Genocide"
10017:"Sudan: West Darfur Masalit Reject Outcomes of Mediation By El Burhan"
8123:"Mediators propose Darfur Authority, announce major diplomatic effort"
6516:" Chad's president says he supports U.N. force for neighboring Darfur"
5341:"Sudan: Draft Constitutional Charter for the 2019 Transitional Period"
4876:: (5a) Fatalities by Year, Mission and Incident Type up to 31 Aug 2016
3869:, the national petroleum company with extensive investments in Sudan.
2421:
2013:
The scale of the crisis led to warnings of an imminent disaster, with
1601:", was not a traditional part of the states organized along the upper
15861:
15850:
15320:
14979:
12555:
11645:"Omar al-Bashir Q&A: 'In Any War, Mistakes Happen on the Ground'"
10700:
9055:"Sudan deploys troops in South Darfur after tribal violence β report"
7392:
5506:
5420:
3751:
3707:
3503:
estimated that there had been 50,000 deaths in Darfur, mostly due to
3280:
2981:
2960:
2941:
2737:
2391:
2354:
2265:
presidential envoy, was sentenced to two years in prison for spying.
1912:
1880:
1868:
1801:
1789:
1780:
date the beginning of the rebellion to 21 July 2001, when a group of
1750:
1724:
1641:
1433:
1418:
1310:
1233:
1031:
424:
125:
Military situation in Sudan on 6 June 2016. (Darfur on the far left)
5271:
5269:
2736:
Ahmed Abdel Shafi, a notable rebel enjoying strong support from the
2309:
claimed that the Sudanese army was "bombing civilians in Darfur". A
2149:
wealth-sharing for the promotion of Darfurian economic interests, a
1967:
16628:
Defense for Children International β Palestine et al v. Biden et al
15924:
15903:
15875:
15820:
14677:
14071:
13792:
13544:
12527:
Living by the Gun in Chad. Combatants, Impunity and State Formation
12198:
11479:
11354:"Omar al-Bashir charged by Hague for orchestrating Darfur genocide"
10138:"Refugees fleeing Darfur violence face 'disastrous' conditions: UN"
8664:"Sudan says no rapes in Darfur village, U.N. wants further inquiry"
7594:"African Union & United Nations Hold Crunch Darfur Peace Talks"
7087:
6382:
6273:"UN Security Council to meet on Darfur without Khartoum attendance"
5862:
3949:(e.g. episodes 12x19, 12x20), as well as in the 2007 documentaries
3887:(MRG) published a critical report, challenging that the UN and the
3699:
3413:
3368:, along with high-ranking security and military officials, visited
3332:
2956:
2861:
2857:
2782:
2778:
2649:
2564:
2431:
2365:
2319:
2262:
2240:
1905:
1805:
1449:
10419:"'We're not safe': Darfur violence sparks new displacement crisis"
8283:
8265:
4760:"Series of explosions at weapons cache rock town in West Kordofan"
2338:
report. On 10 October, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights,
12629:
12241:"The 'Genocide Olympics', The Wall Street Journal, 28 March 2007"
9597:"At least 40 killed in tribal clashes in Sudan's West Darfur: UN"
8935:"'Historic agreement' signed by Sudan govt, armed groups in Juba"
8668:
7683:"AU-UN Arusha meeting underway with some armed movements present"
7374:"Saudi Arabia Brokers Agreement Between Sudan and Chad on Darfur"
6974:
6966:
6937:
6771:
6746:
6696:
6628:
6604:
6595:
6570:
6400:
5266:
4567:
4274:
3839:
3574:
3369:
3357:
including immediate deployment of security forces to the region.
3236:"in large numbers", following recent tribal violence between the
2660:
2554:
2456:
1980:
1916:
1884:
1849:
1797:
1700:
1445:
1437:
519:
371:
12473:(Documentary, War), Global Contact Films, Purebred Productions,
11614:"Not to meddle in Sudan's peace process β People's Daily Online"
10168:"Injuries as South Darfur authorities violently disperse sit-in"
10108:"South Sudan: West Darfur Clashes Push 1,860 Refugees Into Chad"
9359:"Gunmen attempt to storm governor's home in violence-hit Darfur"
9205:"Violence in Sudan's West Darfur left 65 dead, peacekeepers say"
8696:"'True hell' of mass rape in Darfur revealed in report on Sudan"
5396:
2694:
Justice and Equality MovementβAzraq, led by Idriss Ibrahim Azraq
2063:
1679:
livestock herders and those who practice sedentary agriculture.
15991:
12613:
12580:
11937:. Power and Interest News Report. 20 March 2007. Archived from
11338:. International Criminal Court. 3 February 2010. Archived from
10981:
10358:"Sudan: Angry Protests Follow Deadly West Darfur Market Attack"
9991:"West Darfur Masalit reject outcomes of mediation by El Burhan"
8328:"Under peace deal, Sudan would halt prep for Darfur Referendum"
7441:"Sudan: Continuing violence in West Darfur claims NGO employee"
6353:"US Warns of Security Crisis in Darfur Unless UN Force Deploys"
6150:"U.N. Official Warns of Major New Sudanese Offensive in Darfur"
4621:"Sudanese authorities arrest members of Bashir's party: Source"
3935:
3703:
3153:
reported that irrigation projects built around community-based
3050:
In September 2016, the Sudanese government reportedly launched
2967:
2774:
2714:
Sudan Federal Democratic Alliance, led by Ahmed Ibrahim Diraige
2622:
in Darfur", referring to the leader of the negotiating team of
2607:
2589:
2570:
2177:
2048:
1976:
1754:
1739:
1606:
1473:
1382:
1267:
551:
507:
397:
179:
12298:"Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics Protests and potential boycotts"
9959:"Sudan's leader visits Darfur after tribal clashes killed 144"
9535:"UN: Violence in Sudan's Darfur killed 250, displaced 100,000"
9509:"UN: Violence in Sudan's Darfur killed 250, displaced 100,000"
9235:"Emergency in Sudan's West Darfur as 129 killed in tribal war"
8874:"Sudan militia leader in custody on Darfur war crimes charges"
8153:"DOHA: Darfur peace proposals accepted by LJM rebel coalition"
7897:"TEXT- Nine Darfur rebel factions reunite under one structure"
5950:
5850:
5062:"Darfur's Deep Grievances Defy All Hopes for An Easy Solution"
4195:"Al Bashir threatens to 'disarm Darfur rebels' in South Sudan"
2705:
Revolutionary Democratic Forces Front, led by Salah Abu Surrah
2666:
2547:
Saudi-backed peace deal would not stop its military campaign.
2346:
the month before, in which hundreds of civilians were killed.
2115:, AU representatives and other foreign officials operating in
15548:
15206:
12660:
12408:"'Watchers of the Sky' and the Full Cruelty of Consciousness"
9297:"Death toll from violence in Sudan's West Darfur rises to 83"
9265:"Sudanese bury victims of Darfur violence, death toll at 129"
9085:"UN-AU mission in Sudan's Darfur ends mandate after 13 years"
8905:"Sudan signs peace deal with key rebel groups, some hold out"
8209:"Office of VP must meet National standards, says El Haj Adam"
8045:"Darfur new rebel group announces formation of its structure"
7744:"Darfur Rebel Factions Begin Talks on Charting Road to Peace"
7520:"Arabs pile into Darfur to take land 'cleansed' by janjaweed"
7317:
5826:
4303:"Uganda Signals Diplomatic Breakthrough With Sudan on Rebels"
3827:
3665:
3140:, signed by military and civilian representatives during the
2875:
and Matthew T. Simpson, PILPG's team provided legal support.
2770:
2678:
2648:
On 18 September, the JEM stated that if the peace talks with
2578:
2550:
2502:
2173:
2116:
1901:
1793:
1692:
1676:
1505:, signed by military and civilian representatives during the
1386:
1064:
961:
941:
727:
715:
703:
692:
681:
669:
657:
646:
531:
482:
469:
413:
183:
170:(16 years, 11 months, 3 weeks and 6 days)
10885:. Gmanews.tv. Associated Press. 12 June 2009. Archived from
10194:"Sudanese forces crush Darfur sit-in protest, killing woman"
9627:"40 People Killed in Ethnic Clashes in West Darfur, UN Says"
8836:"How water is helping to end 'the first climate change war'"
8386:"Sudan and LJM rebels sign a Darfur peace agreement in Doha"
7653:"AU-UN meeting on Darfur put off again due to late arrivals"
7647:
7645:
7344:"Bush Presses Sudan on Darfur, Citing possible US sanctions"
6667:"Annan calls for "urgent" Security Council action on Darfur"
4487:"Top-10 ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°Ρ
"
2688:
Justice and Equality MovementβCollective Leadership, led by
1472:
also have a joint peacekeeping mission in the region, named
14646:
10541:"Report: Tribal clashes in Sudan's Darfur kill at least 36"
10509:"Report: Tribal clashes in Sudan's Darfur kill at least 36"
10449:"South Darfur: 36 killed, dozens wounded in tribal clashes"
9717:"Sudan: Fighting in West Darfur triggers rising death toll"
7570:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation News. 4 August 2007.
5986:. Uppsala Conflict Data Program. 5 May 2006. Archived from
4172:
3847:
3831:
3775:
Foreign governments which supported the Sudanese government
3731:
3499:
In September 2004, 18 months after the conflict began, the
3434:
3381:
3313:
3284:
3191:
3154:
2838:
2763:
2553:
announced on 17 June that it would permanently pull out of
2516:
criticizing the Sudanese government and threatened further
2254:
1602:
1490:
described the situation as a genocide or acts of genocide.
1402:
494:
358:
206:
Comprehensive peace agreement signed with most rebel groups
11265:
10830:
9777:"Sudan: Death toll in days of Darfur violence rises to 87"
8434:"SLM-MM 'kills 12 government soldiers' south of El Fasher"
7991:
Photos: Sudan capital after today's attack from Darfur JEM
7101:"Army attack against Darfur civilians was unprovoked β UN"
6642:"Violence in Darfur cuts off 355,000 people from food aid"
5838:
5319:
5317:
4892:
3872:
3714:
for libel, defamation, and igniting hatred and tribalism.
2818:
A UN Peacekeeper in the Abu Shouk IDP Camp, September 2009
2708:
United Revolutionary Force Front, led by Alhadi Agabeldour
16493:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
12393:
11296:
8775:"Latest Sudanese Attacks on Darfur Show Protection Needs"
8604:"More than 100 killed in tribal conflict in South Darfur"
7642:
7620:"Darfur rebel leader is criticised over peace talks snub"
6552:
6493:"Defiant Sudan sets deadline for Darfur peacekeeper exit"
5893:
5244:"Jem Darfur rebels snub Sudan peace talks over 'attacks'"
4250:
Afrol News β Eritrea, Chad accused of aiding Sudan rebels
3395:
Meanwhile, at the secretariat of the state government in
3276:
was sent to the region in order to assess the situation.
2403:
which had signed political accords with rebel movements.
131: Under control of the Sudanese Government and allies
10332:"Angry protests follow deadly West Darfur market attack"
9807:"Death toll in Sudan's West Darfur clashes rises to 132"
9389:"Governor of West Darfur survives assassination attempt"
8720:"UN: 3,300 villages destroyed in Sudan fighting in 2014"
8183:"Alliance of rebel factions agrees to Darfur peace deal"
6298:"Sudan: Sexual Violence Spikes Around South Darfur Camp"
10762:"Rapid Support Forces attacks against civilians report"
6003:
5314:
3710:. Leaders from three Darfur tribes sued ICC prosecutor
3618:
under the auspices of the Sudan Divestment Task Force.
3353:
tribal clashes consecutively, with 208 others wounded.
3339:
2606:
Between 3 August and 5 August a conference was held in
2485:
On 28 February, Sudan's humanitarian affairs minister,
1896:(SPLA) had never before carried out such an operation.
1816:(DLF) publicly claimed responsibility for an attack on
955:
935:
12064:"Amnesty International criticizes arms sales to Sudan"
10883:"GMA News, 5 UN Peacekeepers Killed in Darfur Attacks"
5374:"Sudan signs peace deal with rebel groups from Darfur"
4330:
4328:
3668:, abstained from the vote on the referral resolution.
2711:
Sudan Liberation MovementβG19, led by Khamees Abdullah
16604:
International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine
15135:
Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction
13542:
11744:"Congress pressures China on Darfur as Olympics near"
11437:
10849:
10594:. Journalist's Resource. 15 June 2011. Archived from
9419:"West Darfur governor survives assassination attempt"
8512:"Rebels inch closer to South Darfur capital β Africa"
8298:"Darfur to be cut into smaller states; rebel protest"
7058:"UN insists Khartoum will allow UN force into Darfur"
6956:"Sudan says ready for talks with Darfur's NRF rebels"
6869:"Nigerian FM arrives in Khartoum for talks on Darfur"
6078:"Disagreements Over Darfur Peace Plan Spark Conflict"
5997:
5092:"Rights Group Says Sudan's Government Aided Militias"
4952:
3750:
It is expected that al-Bashir will not face trial in
3634:
was to be held in Addis Ababa sometime in early May.
3489:
A mother with her sick baby at Abu Shouk IDP camp in
2901:
On 22 February, the Sudan Liberation Movement led by
2390:
On 22 October, the Government of Sudan told UN envoy
1812:
on 26 February 2003, when a group calling itself the
16572:
International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur
12438:"Watchers of the Sky | Film Review | Slant Magazine"
11880:
11878:
11537:"Darfur aid agencies leave after expulsion by Sudan"
10839:"Darfur death toll may be 300,000, say UK lawmakers"
10581:, United Nations Resident Coordinator, 25 April 2004
7713:"More rebel leaders arrive for AU-UN Arusha meeting"
7596:. Christian News on Christian Today. 4 August 2007.
6566:"African Union's Darfur force may stay past Sept 30"
6450:"Sudan Rejects UN Resolution on Darfur Peacekeeping"
5662:
3968:
3644:
International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur
3552:
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters
3523:
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters
36:
International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur
12218:"Call for Olympic boycott stirs up pre-poll France"
12016:"China, Russia breach Darfur arms embargo: Amnesty"
11562:Addario, Lyndsey; Polgreen, Lydia (22 March 2009).
10803:
10078:"West Darfur Clashes Trigger Mass Exodus into Chad"
7841:"FACTBOX-Who is attending Darfur talks, who is not"
6894:"Bush signs law setting sanctions on Darfur crimes"
6851:"UN official: Khartoum knew of Darfur militia raid"
6735:"Genocide survivors urges EU sanctions over Darfur"
5630:
4325:
4179:"Three Darfur factions establish new rebel group".
2422:
Proposed compromise UN force and Sudanese offensive
1919:herders whom the government had used to suppress a
1738:accused the Arab government of Sudan of practicing
1609:in the 14th century. Owing to the migration of the
71:It has been suggested that this article should be
12164:"China urges patience on Sudan, opposes sanctions"
12153:"Why China Blocks Sanctions on Iran, Sudan, Burma"
12097:
12088:
9025:"Sudan and main rebel groups formalise peace deal"
7419:"Chad-Sudan pact will not halt war-Chadian rebels"
6475:"Sudan reported to launch new offensive in Darfur"
6175:"UN Envoy Says Sudan Rights Record in Darfur Poor"
5772:"Ex-minister speaks out against Sudan's al-Bashir"
5731:
5599:
4348:"Sudan: Govt Deploys Troops to Borders With Libya"
2100:. The accord was orchestrated by chief negotiator
2088:On 5 May 2006, the Sudanese government signed the
11875:
11711:"Report Accuses China and Russia of Arming Sudan"
11129:
11127:
11057:
11011:"U.N.: 100,000 more dead in Darfur than reported"
10793:"Sudan president charged with genocide in Darfur"
9657:"Violence flares up in Sudan's Darfur, 40 killed"
6993:Chaos in Darfur on rise as Arabs fight with Arabs
6584:"U.N. refugee chief warns of Darfur "catastrophe"
4730:"Three Darfur factions establish new rebel group"
4526:
4524:
4522:
3652:formally referred the situation in Darfur to the
2268:
1160:Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile
201:Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile
16654:
16461:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
16207:
12947:
11446:"Darfur genocide charges for Sudanese president"
11312:. Islamonline. 14 September 2008. Archived from
11137:. Investors.com. BBC. 9 May 2009. Archived from
11060:"Patterns of mortality rates in Darfur conflict"
8598:
8596:
8408:"Clashes kill three JEM soldiers in East Darfur"
7923:"Darfur rebel groups form two movements in Juba"
7171:"The UN and Darfur: Watching, but still waiting"
6378:"U.S. journalist returns home from Sudan prison"
6248:"Khartoum turns down UN meeting on Darfur peace"
5807:. United Nations. 25 January 2005. p. 129.
5597:
5368:
5366:
5323:
4813:
4811:
3450:
1871:tribes have been a major player in the conflict.
1401:, which they accused of oppressing Darfur's non-
15393:German atrocities committed against Soviet POWs
11887:"China Invests Heavily in Sudan's Oil Industry"
11561:
11415:"ICC prosecutor seeks arrest of Sudan's Bashir"
11058:Degomme, Olivier; Guha-Sapir, Debarati (2010).
8571:"Darfur battles rage as scores reported killed"
6419:
6397:"U.S. journalist in Darfur court for espionage"
6135:. Associated Press. 27 May 2007. Archived from
5729:
5461:
5028:"The Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir"
4530:
4435:"Is a Sudanese-Iranian rapprochement possible?"
4270:"Sudan adjusting to post-Gaddafi era - YouTube"
3658:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1564
3637:
3232:In December, Sudan started to deploy troops to
2586:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1769
2275:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1706
2223:reported that hundreds of women were raped and
2156:Representatives of the African Union, Nigeria,
1605:valley but instead organized as an independent
1440:group whose members are mostly recruited among
11124:
10669:"Darfuri Women Report Ominous Pattern of Rape"
8538:"Sudan city stormed by Darfur rebels β Africa"
8233:
6617:"Sudan bombing civilians in Darfur β EU envoy"
5931:
5723:
4519:
3922:United States Ambassador to the United Nations
3654:Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court
3190:On 31 August 2020, a peace deal was signed in
3111:United NationsβAfrican Union Mission in Darfur
1660:. Subsequently, Darfur remained a part of the
1569:United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur
1397:(JEM) rebel groups began fighting against the
15686:Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War
14662:
13528:
12645:
12260:"On Darfur, China and the 2008 Olympic Games"
11564:"Aids groups expulsions, fear of more misery"
9687:"50 killed in clashes in Sudan's West Darfur"
8634:"Villages attacked in Sudan's Darfur: UNAMID"
8593:
6933:"U.S. works on international plan for Darfur"
6004:Kessler, Glenn & Emily Wax (5 May 2006).
5912:
5874:
5464:"Water becomes the new oil as world runs dry"
5363:
5056:
4808:
3702:, five of crimes against humanity and two of
3570:International response to the Darfur conflict
3525:(CRED) of the School of Public Health of the
3392:police, including the firing of live rounds.
2299:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
1621:in 1875 and then surrendered by its governor
1354:
1047:
12543:
11861:"China's Involvement in Sudan: Arms and Oil"
11135:"Sudan: Mandate Darfur conference cancelled"
11117:
11115:
10913:"Deaths in Darfur: Keeping Ourselves Honest"
9835:
7568:"Darfur rebel leader defends Arusha boycott"
7232:"Sudan Flying Arms to Darfur, Panel Reports"
7011:"US Rice hopes Sudan will okay Darfur force"
5868:
5856:
5844:
5832:
5050:
3419:
3323:On 5 April, fresh tribal clashes erupted in
3138:August 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration
3115:African Center for Justice and Peace Studies
2698:National Movement for Reform and Development
1954:National Movement for Reform and Development
1928:strategy: similar methods undertaken in the
1503:August 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration
16580:International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh
16320:PostβWorld War II Romanian war crime trials
12359:"UN could have averted Darfur crisis β MRG"
11051:
11036:The Genocide in Darfur is not what it seems
5521:
3861:were made by French presidential candidate
3586:on the crisis in Darfur, September 21, 2004
3554:published an article in a special issue of
2869:Public International Law & Policy Group
1844:was drawing to an end, and the east, where
1718:
16527:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
14669:
14655:
13535:
13521:
12652:
12638:
11989:
11953:
11935:"The Increasing Importance of African Oil"
11642:
11476:"Sudanese president charged with genocide"
11003:
10642:"Living a Genocide: The Children of Dafur"
9836:Kourdi, Eyad; Lister, Tim (9 April 2021).
8833:
7925:. SudanTribune article. 22 November 2007.
7517:
6987:
6985:
6983:
6760:"AU will not abandon Darfur β AU chairman"
6685:"Ex-rebels says would accept UN in Darfur"
5173:
4114:(JEM) rebels due to the widespread use of
3927:about the war in Darfur. Also featured is
3220:Notably absent were rebel factions led by
3122:highlighted persistent pockets of unrest.
1582:
1522:List of abbreviations used in this article
1444:indigenous Africans and a small number of
1361:
1347:
1054:
1040:
15142:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
11218:, UN Press Release SC/8351, 31 March 2005
11112:
10666:
9175:"Scores killed in Sudan's Darfur clashes"
9115:"Scores killed in Sudan's Darfur clashes"
8565:
8563:
8561:
8559:
7899:. SudanTribune article. 8 November 2007.
7843:. SudanTribune article. 19 October 2007.
6006:"Sudan, Main Rebel Group Sign Peace Deal"
5602:Negative Ethnicity: From Bias to Genocide
5167:
4782:
3563:
2833:In December 2010, representatives of the
2685:Justice and Equality Movement splinters:
2215:On 25 August, Sudan rejected attending a
2092:along with the faction of the SLA led by
908:15,845 soldiers and 3,403 police officers
13684:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002βpresent)
12809:Conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile
12278:China and Darfur: The Genocide Olympics?
11585:
11382:
10836:
10705:"Sudanese Wield Rape As A Weapon of War"
10693:
10250:"Protests over violence in South Darfur"
9091:. Al Jazeera English. 30 December 2020.
8742:
7741:
6316:
6310:Integrated Regional Information Networks
6225:"US threatens Sudan after UN resistance"
6133:"Darfur women describe gang-rape horror"
3906:
3852:Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company
3620:
3604:STAND: A Student Anti-Genocide Coalition
3573:
3484:
3460:
3423:
3204:Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North
3198:and several rebel groups, including the
2920:Pro-government militia in Darfur. (2013)
2915:
2891:and a strategic regional authority, the
2813:
2787:
2681:, Libya. The following groups attended:
2665:
2450:
2348:
2121:
2042:
1966:
1950:April 8 Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement
1862:
149:Sudanese Awakening Revolutionary Council
27:Genocidal conflict in Southwestern Sudan
15014:Indigenous peoples in the United States
14227:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018βpresent)
13901:2016β2017 Gambian constitutional crisis
12572:
12287:, The Washington Post, 14 December 2006
11990:Leff, Jonah; LeBrun, Emile (May 2014).
11884:
11160:Security Council Resolution 1593 (2005)
10907:
10112:Catholic Information Service for Africa
9896:
8999:European External Action Service (EEAS)
8834:Carrington, Damian (18 December 2019).
8073:. Enoughproject.org. 21 December 2010.
7626:. London. 4 August 2007. Archived from
7153:"73 villagers killed, rebel group says"
6980:
6930:
5631:George B.N. Ayittey (15 January 1999).
5527:
5403:Straus, Scott (JanuaryβFebruary 2005).
5287:[(Constitutional Declaration)]
5148:
5146:
5144:
5142:
4958:
4724:
4722:
4465:Institute for the Study of Human Rights
4402:
3873:Criticism of the international response
3739:for orchestrating the Darfur genocide.
2330:until 30 April 2007. On 9 October, the
1944:In 2004, Chad brokered negotiations in
1804:, as well as the government leaders in
636:
14:
16655:
12466:
12266:from the original on 27 September 2013
11910:
11885:Goodman, Peter S. (23 December 2007).
11534:
11443:
11259:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
11201:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
10790:
10772:from the original on 13 September 2015
10644:. University of South Florida, Tampa.
10633:
10602:
8676:from the original on 22 September 2015
8556:
8492:from the original on 27 September 2013
8099:. sudantribune.com. 15 December 2010.
7790:
6730:
6728:
5694:
5634:Africa in Chaos: A Comparative History
5560:
5492:
5474:from the original on 25 September 2015
5402:
5275:
5177:Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction
3857:In March 2007, threats to boycott the
3480:
2758:2008 invasion of Khartoum and Omdurman
2438:On 25 November, a spokesperson for UN
1975:In August, the African Union sent 150
1875:At 5:30 am on 25 April 2003, the
1796:(Nearly all of Darfur's residents are
1061:
16557:
16438:
16206:
16183:Mass killings under communist regimes
15700:
15463:
15158:
14819:
14699:
14650:
14416:South Kordofan and Blue Nile conflict
14337:2012β2013 Tana River District clashes
13516:
12974:
12633:
12551:Darfur: A Short History of a Long War
12524:
12262:. Sudantribune.com. 19 January 2007.
12044:from the original on 8 September 2012
12018:. Reuters. 8 May 2007. Archived from
12004:from the original on 12 October 2017.
11971:from the original on 19 February 2009
11899:from the original on 23 November 2009
11741:
11586:Hamilton, Rebecca (14 October 2009).
11516:from the original on 15 February 2010
10809:
10715:from the original on 31 December 2013
10699:
10681:from the original on 28 November 2015
10639:
10608:
8945:from the original on 27 December 2020
8854:from the original on 18 December 2019
8815:from the original on 18 November 2018
8743:Rothwell, James (29 September 2016).
7903:from the original on 23 November 2012
7847:from the original on 23 November 2012
7762:"Darfur rebels reach common position"
7447:from the original on 17 February 2008
7324:from the original on 23 November 2008
6334:from the original on 22 November 2018
6110:"The horrors of Darfur's ground zero"
6107:
5814:from the original on 1 September 2013
5769:
5683:from the original on 2 September 2016
5534:. Sussex Academic Press. p. 38.
4575:from the original on 19 December 2019
4441:from the original on 31 December 2022
4415:from the original on 31 December 2022
4384:from the original on 31 December 2022
4334:
4231:from the original on 31 December 2022
4160:from the original on 22 December 2015
4144:"Darfur Peace Agreement β Doha draft"
2966:During the first week of August, the
2718:The following groups did not attend:
2677:Peace talks started on 27 October in
2455:Displaced persons with water tank in
2051:preparing to depart to Darfur in 2005
1389:that began in February 2003 when the
1035:
16132:Terminology of the Armenian genocide
12819:Second Transitional Military Council
12502:from the original on 8 February 2018
12477:from the original on 27 October 2022
12418:from the original on 12 October 2015
11841:from the original on 8 December 2008
11594:from the original on 17 October 2009
11574:from the original on 9 December 2016
11543:from the original on 12 October 2017
11100:from the original on 30 January 2010
11017:from the original on 8 December 2008
10951:from the original on 15 January 2016
10837:Chambers, Madeline (30 March 2005).
10648:from the original on 12 October 2016
10611:"Captives Recount Boy Rape in Sudan"
10459:from the original on 5 December 2022
10045:
9727:from the original on 2 February 2023
9547:from the original on 24 January 2021
9515:from the original on 28 January 2021
9489:from the original on 25 January 2021
9459:from the original on 28 January 2023
9339:from the original on 1 February 2023
9245:from the original on 1 February 2023
9125:from the original on 17 January 2021
9095:from the original on 18 January 2021
9035:from the original on 11 October 2020
8902:
8462:. Allafrica.com. 19 September 2012.
8354:"Draft Darfur Peace Document (DDPD)"
8103:from the original on 12 October 2017
7229:
6016:from the original on 19 October 2017
5782:from the original on 1 February 2014
5139:
5002:"Reuters AlertNet β Darfur conflict"
4820:
4719:
4563:"Sudan's Bashir Forced to Step Down"
4313:from the original on 22 January 2018
4205:from the original on 8 December 2015
3163:United Nations Environmental Program
3069:
3010:
1381:, was a major armed conflict in the
57:
16368:War crimes trials in Soviet Estonia
14506:DjiboutianβEritrean border conflict
14457:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
13972:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
12774:First Transitional Military Council
12448:from the original on 1 January 2015
12382:"Darfur call by genocide survivors"
12171:"China, Russia bar Sudan sanctions"
12133:from the original on 3 October 2016
12034:"China, Russia deny weapons breach"
10818:from the original on 12 August 2016
10810:Smith, Russell (16 February 2005).
10738:. Washington Post Foreign Service.
10733:
9005:from the original on 6 October 2020
8975:from the original on 7 October 2020
8755:from the original on 1 October 2016
8614:from the original on 15 August 2013
8581:from the original on 11 August 2013
8359:. sudantribune.com. 27 April 2011.
8334:from the original on 3 October 2016
8163:from the original on 3 October 2016
8133:from the original on 3 October 2016
8077:from the original on 10 August 2013
8025:from the original on 8 January 2023
7877:from the original on 18 August 2012
7262:"Darfur war crimes suspect defiant"
7127:"Sudan: The Passion of the Present"
7076:"Sudan 'begins new Darfur attacks'"
6785:"200 UN troops to deploy in Darfur"
6725:
6717:. 21 September 2006. Archived from
6407:from the original on 1 October 2017
6075:
6057:"Annan outlines Darfur peace plans"
5730:Alan Dershowitz (3 November 2008).
5462:Richard Wachman (8 December 2007).
5384:from the original on 31 August 2020
5072:from the original on 28 August 2013
4403:McGreal, Chris (14 February 2008).
4292:Sudan adjusting to post-Gaddafi era
4136:
3992:Bibliography of the Darfur conflict
3920:, interviews former journalist and
3187:took place in Darfur in July 2020.
2379:Darfur Peace and Accountability Act
2195:In a private meeting on 18 August,
2002:(SPLA) which led to the end of the
24:
14214:EritreanβEthiopian border conflict
13756:Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria
12659:
11867:. 23 December 2007. Archived from
11385:"Bashir move bold but problematic"
10857:"UN's Darfur death estimate soars"
10795:. Associated Press. Archived from
10742:from the original on 8 August 2007
10230:from the original on 30 April 2021
10200:from the original on 30 April 2021
10174:from the original on 30 April 2021
10148:from the original on 26 March 2023
10118:from the original on 19 April 2021
10058:from the original on 19 April 2021
9971:from the original on 13 April 2021
9878:from the original on 16 March 2023
9848:from the original on 24 March 2023
9817:from the original on 22 March 2023
9787:from the original on 17 March 2023
9637:from the original on 13 April 2021
9577:from the original on 28 March 2021
9399:from the original on 15 March 2023
9061:. 27 December 2020. Archived from
8704:. 11 February 2015. Archived from
8644:from the original on 19 March 2014
8518:from the original on 25 April 2013
8236:"End human rights imperialism now"
8234:Stephen Kinzer (24 January 2010).
8051:from the original on 9 August 2013
8047:. sudantribune.com. 3 March 2010.
7867:"Struggle to salvage Darfur talks"
7793:"Darfur rebel head warns of split"
7791:Guerin, Orla (18 September 2007).
7518:Bloomfield, Steve (14 July 2007).
7133:from the original on 24 March 2014
7043:. 17 November 2006. Archived from
5711:from the original on 24 March 2014
5697:"Mauritania, the other apartheid?"
5637:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 50.
5575:George Ayittey, Africa and China,
5443:from the original on 24 March 2014
5302:from the original on 5 August 2019
5285:"(Ψ§ΩΨ―Ψ³ΨͺΩΨ±Ω Declaration (Ψ§ΩΨΉΨ±Ψ¨ΩΨ©))"
5194:from the original on 19 March 2015
4982:from the original on 14 April 2009
4972:"Q&A: Sudan's Darfur conflict"
4834:from the original on 13 April 2014
4796:from the original on 18 March 2015
4601:from the original on 9 August 2009
4497:from the original on 26 March 2019
4282:from the original on 5 August 2012
4057:List of ethnic cleansing campaigns
3742:Al-Bashir was the first incumbent
2520:if the situation did not improve.
2440:High Commissioner for Human Rights
2199:, Assistant Secretary-General for
25:
16724:
14451:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
14154:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
12829:2019β2021 transition to democracy
12606:
12181:from the original on 16 June 2011
11961:"China rejects BBC Darfur claims"
11691:from the original on 30 June 2016
11395:from the original on 19 July 2008
10973:. 29 January 2012. Archived from
10863:from the original on 10 June 2016
10621:from the original on 3 March 2016
10489:from the original on 9 April 2023
10429:from the original on 7 April 2023
10416:
10398:from the original on 7 April 2023
10338:from the original on 7 April 2023
10282:from the original on 7 April 2023
10256:from the original on 7 April 2023
9939:from the original on 7 April 2023
9757:from the original on 7 April 2023
9697:from the original on 7 April 2023
9667:from the original on 7 April 2023
9607:from the original on 7 April 2023
9429:from the original on 7 April 2023
9369:from the original on 7 April 2023
9185:from the original on 7 April 2023
9155:from the original on 7 April 2023
8785:from the original on 9 April 2019
8728:. 23 January 2015. Archived from
8466:from the original on 29 July 2013
8366:from the original on 3 March 2016
8015:"War in Sudan's Darfur 'is over'"
7803:from the original on 27 July 2008
7742:McGregor, Sarah (4 August 2007).
7574:from the original on 22 June 2011
7467:"Water find 'may end Darfur war'"
7211:from the original on 18 June 2011
7201:"African troops killed in Darfur"
7181:from the original on 10 June 2008
6912:"UN envoy is told to leave Sudan"
6541:"Africa Union 'will quit Darfur'"
6036:"Main parties sign Darfur accord"
5957:Chad in 'state of war' with Sudan
5938:Chad fightback 'kills 300 rebels'
5738:. John Wiley & Sons. p.
5548:from the original on 29 June 2016
4940:from the original on 13 July 2015
4597:. Amnesty.org. 27 February 2007.
4543:from the original on 24 June 2019
4378:"The Sudanese Role in Libya 2011"
3671:In April 2007, the Judges of the
3386:UN High Commissioner for Refugees
2336:Crop Prospects and Food Situation
2332:Food and Agriculture Organization
2062:An attack on the Chadian town of
1971:Darfur refugee camp in Chad, 2005
1964:(CFC) to monitor its observance.
1648:client before being deposed by a
1202:Sudanese civil war (2023βpresent)
168:26 February 2003 β 31 August 2020
53:Sudanese civil war (2023βpresent)
16558:
16439:
15701:
15464:
15159:
14820:
14281:2006β2009 Ethiopian intervention
12824:Transitional Sovereignty Council
12612:
12488:
12470:They Turned Our Desert Into Fire
12460:
12430:
12400:
12375:
12352:
12320:
12290:
12210:
12145:
12110:from the original on 15 May 2013
12082:
12056:
12026:
12008:
11983:
11927:
11853:
11827:
11804:
11781:
11758:
11735:
11703:
11667:
11636:
11606:
11555:
11528:
11498:
11486:from the original on 2 July 2009
11468:
11407:
11376:
11346:
11328:
11302:
11286:Sudan defiant on Darfur suspects
11278:
11221:
11209:
11153:
10963:
10901:
10875:
10784:
10754:
10727:
10667:Spielmann, Peter (31 May 2009).
10660:
10584:
10565:
10553:from the original on 9 June 2021
10533:
10521:from the original on 9 June 2021
10501:
10471:
10441:
10410:
10380:
10368:from the original on 4 June 2021
10350:
10324:
10312:from the original on 10 May 2021
10294:
10268:
10242:
10212:
10186:
10160:
10130:
10100:
10088:from the original on 22 May 2023
10070:
10039:
10009:
9983:
9951:
9921:
9890:
9860:
9829:
9799:
9769:
9739:
9709:
9679:
9649:
9619:
9589:
9559:
9527:
9501:
9471:
9441:
9411:
9381:
9351:
9321:
9289:
9257:
9227:
9215:from the original on 15 May 2021
9197:
9167:
9137:
9107:
9077:
9047:
9017:
8987:
8957:
8927:
8903:Dumo, Denis (1 September 2020).
8896:
8884:from the original on 9 June 2020
8866:
8827:
8797:
8767:
8736:
8712:
8688:
8656:
8626:
8544:from the original on 30 May 2013
8530:
8504:
8488:. Reliefweb.int. 15 March 2013.
8478:
8452:
8426:
8400:
8378:
8346:
8320:
8290:
8282:. 195.190.28.213. Archived from
8272:
8264:. 195.190.28.213. Archived from
8254:
8227:
8201:
8175:
8145:
8115:
8089:
8063:
8037:
8007:
7984:
7959:
7941:
7929:from the original on 31 May 2013
7915:
7889:
7859:
7833:
7815:
7784:
7772:from the original on 6 June 2011
7754:
7735:
7723:from the original on 6 June 2011
7705:
7693:from the original on 6 June 2011
7675:
7663:from the original on 6 June 2011
7612:
7600:from the original on 26 May 2011
7586:
7560:
7548:from the original on 22 May 2008
7544:. Reliefweb.int. 2 August 2007.
7534:
7511:
7497:"France, U.K. Mount Darfur Push"
7489:
7477:from the original on 22 May 2011
7459:
7433:
7411:
7399:from the original on 22 May 2008
7366:
7354:from the original on 15 May 2012
7336:
7306:
7284:
7272:from the original on 28 May 2016
7254:
7242:from the original on 16 May 2013
7223:
7193:
7163:
7145:
7119:
7094:
7069:
7051:
7029:
7004:
6949:
6931:Pleming, Sue (1 November 2006).
6924:
6905:
6887:
6862:
6844:
6821:
6796:
6778:
6753:
5966:By Stephanie Hancock, BBC News,
5405:"Darfur and the Genocide Debate"
5254:from the original on 8 July 2010
5224:from the original on 8 July 2010
5174:Adam Jones (27 September 2006).
4770:from the original on 6 June 2016
4740:from the original on 9 July 2017
4707:from the original on 6 June 2016
4537:Aberfoyle Inzernational Security
4405:"What is China doing in Darfur?"
4358:from the original on 3 June 2011
4225:"Chad, and Darfur, After Bashir"
3971:
3952:They Turned Our Desert Into Fire
3527:UniversitΓ© catholique de Louvain
3428:Destroyed villages (August 2004)
3362:Transitional Sovereignty Council
3196:Transitional Sovereignty Council
3073:
3014:
2489:, and Janjaweed militia leader,
2015:United Nations Secretary-General
1749:claimed Sudan was an example of
1232:
818:
792:
772:
765:
753:
746:
733:
726:
714:
702:
691:
680:
668:
656:
645:
619:
607:
596:
577:
566:
545:
538:
524:
512:
500:
487:
475:
462:
445:
436:
406:
390:
377:
364:
351:
339:
324:
309:
284:
270:
257:
244:
229:
119:
62:
14973:Indigenous peoples in Australia
14700:
14298:Piracy off the coast of Somalia
12518:
12304:. 26 March 2008. Archived from
11383:Reynolds, Paul (14 July 2008).
11364:from the original on 8 May 2014
11360:. CSMonitor.com. 12 July 2010.
10812:"How many have died in Darfur?"
10046:Atit, Michael (16 April 2021).
10027:from the original on 7 May 2021
9997:from the original on 7 May 2021
9909:from the original on 6 May 2021
7298:. 18 April 2007. Archived from
6703:
6678:
6660:
6635:
6610:
6577:
6559:
6534:
6509:
6486:
6468:
6443:
6426:United Nations Security Council
6389:
6371:
6346:
6291:
6266:
6241:
6218:
6193:
6168:
6143:
6094:
6069:
6050:
6028:
5973:
5919:Sudan VP Garang killed in crash
5900:Sudan ex-rebel joins government
5881:'Dozens killed' in Sudan attack
5794:
5763:
5666:Indigenous African Institutions
5651:from the original on 5 May 2016
5606:. Seven Stories Press. p.
5591:
5582:
5569:
5486:
5455:
5236:
5206:
5084:
5038:from the original on 8 May 2016
5020:
5008:from the original on 1 May 2010
4994:
4964:
4922:
4869:
4846:
4752:
4689:
4666:
4643:
4631:from the original on 8 May 2019
4613:
4587:
4555:
4531:Andrew McGregor (31 May 2019).
4509:
4479:
4453:
4427:
4396:
4370:
4340:
4104:
4067:List of ongoing armed conflicts
3457:Rape during the Darfur genocide
3256:On 16 January fighting between
2835:Liberation and Justice Movement
2828:
2328:United Nations Mission in Sudan
2217:United Nations Security Council
1988:United Nations Security Council
1574:United Nations Security Council
1015:
998:
924:235 killed as of 31 August 2016
16693:Civil wars of the 21st century
15897:Genocide of indigenous peoples
15488:Indigenous peoples in Paraguay
14789:Mongols in the Delhi Sultanate
12333:. 25 June 2008. Archived from
11911:Reeves, Eric (16 April 2007).
11742:Coile, Zachary (17 May 2007).
11444:Walker, Peter (14 July 2008).
11421:. 14 July 2008. Archived from
10988:Quantifying Genocide in Darfur
10736:"We Want to Make a Light Baby"
9897:Schlein, Lisa (9 April 2021).
8392:. 15 July 2011. Archived from
8330:. Radio Dabanga. 4 June 2011.
8304:. 8 March 2011. Archived from
8238:. Sudanjem.com. Archived from
8211:. Shrig.org.sd. Archived from
7230:Hoge, Warren (18 April 2007).
5770:Bauch, Hubert (6 March 2009).
5214:"Will peace return to Darfur?"
5100:. 20 July 2004. Archived from
4491:UDF.BY | ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΠΈ
4295:
4262:
4243:
4217:
4187:
4042:Genocide of indigenous peoples
3836:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
3606:, later under the umbrella of
3376:for the unrest in the region.
3213:and a quarter of seats in the
2929:and another town close to the
2777:rebels clashed in the city of
2269:Proposed UN peacekeeping force
2221:International Rescue Committee
2008:African Union Mission in Sudan
2000:Sudan People's Liberation Army
1894:Sudan People's Liberation Army
1695:-dominated government and the
1652:after he began supporting the
1562:Sudan People's Liberation Army
1552:Sudan Liberation Movement/Army
985:
972:
13:
1:
16612:Ukraine v. Russian Federation
15742:Tigrayans, Kunamas, and Irobs
14908:Jews in the Cossack Hetmanate
14599:2014 Lesotho political crisis
14556:RENAMO insurgency (2013β2021)
13719:Communal conflicts in Nigeria
12496:"The Devil Came on Horseback"
12467:Brecke, Mark (5 April 2008),
12202:. 29 May 2006. Archived from
11643:Sam Dealey (14 August 2009).
11078:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61967-X
10791:Corder, Mike (15 July 2008).
6415:– via Sudantribune.com.
6108:Grave, A Mass (28 May 2007).
6076:Ryu, Alisha (9 August 2006).
5663:George B. N. Ayittey (2006).
5153:Uppsala Conflict Data Program
5123:. 3 June 2008. Archived from
5121:American Broadcasting Company
5117:"Darfur β Meet the Janjaweed"
4790:"Who are Sudan's Jem rebels?"
4461:"Russia's footprint in Sudan"
4129:
4112:Justice and Equality Movement
3608:Genocide Intervention Network
3543:The Christian Science Monitor
3451:Rape of women and young girls
2880:Darfur Peace Agreement (2011)
2723:Justice and Equality Movement
2639:Justice and Equality Movement
2205:UN Commission on Human Rights
2055:On 10 July 2005, SPLA leader
1713:Justice and Equality Movement
1547:Justice and Equality Movement
1395:Justice and Equality Movement
1244:
1197:Blue Nile clashes (2022β2023)
1010:Chadian Civil War (2005β2010)
80:Timeline of the War in Darfur
16543:CroatiaβSerbia genocide case
16344:Nuremberg Military Tribunals
16190:Anti-communist mass killings
14916:Indigenous peoples in Canada
14852:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
14676:
14593:SADC intervention in Lesotho
14195:OLA insurgency, 2018βpresent
14149:Anglophone Crisis (Cameroon)
13906:ECOWAS military intervention
13626:2011β2014 factional violence
11913:"Artists abetting genocide?"
11719:. 9 May 2007. Archived from
11535:Lauria, Joe (9 March 2009).
11266:International Criminal Court
7425:. 5 May 2007. Archived from
7380:. 3 May 2007. Archived from
7296:International Herald Tribune
7001:, 3 September 2007, pp 1, A7
6042:. 5 May 2006. Archived from
5669:. Transnational Publishers.
5032:International Criminal Court
3767:also condemned the charges.
3737:International Criminal Court
3698:, including three counts of
3673:International Criminal Court
3638:International Criminal Court
3512:Emergency Relief Coordinator
3466:Internally displaced persons
2655:On 30 September, the rebels
2495:International Criminal Court
2250:National Geographic Magazine
1939:
1771:
1537:International Criminal Court
1427:International Criminal Court
833:Abdallah Bishir Jali faction
266:(some factions) (since 2003)
32:International Criminal Court
7:
16477:Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal
15637:National Population Program
14270:PuntlandβSomaliland dispute
14125:Insurgency in Northern Chad
10939:"Microsoft Word β Letters9"
10734:Wax, Emily (30 June 2004).
8923:– via uk.reuters.com.
7746:. Bloomberg. Archived from
6921:, BBC News, 22 October 2006
6803:"Extend Sudan U.N. mission"
6104:. cbs11tv.com. 27 May 2007.
4817:Military Balance 2007, 293.
4052:List of conflicts in Africa
4002:Chadian Civil War (2005β10)
3964:
3958:The Devil Came on Horseback
3940:ICC investigation in Darfur
3938:and lead prosecutor on the
3830:(58 per cent), followed by
3194:, South Sudan, between the
3142:2018β19 Sudanese Revolution
1542:Internally Displaced Person
1133:Disarmament of the Lou Nuer
993:Doha Darfur Peace Agreement
147: Under control of the
137: Under control of the
10:
16729:
16698:Ethnicity-based civil wars
16392:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
16336:Hamburg RavensbrΓΌck trials
16162:Effects on young survivors
15589:Sabra and Shatila massacre
14561:Insurgency in Cabo Delgado
14382:Abyei conflict (2022β2023)
14237:Benishangul-Gumuz conflict
14102:Djotodia period, 2013β2014
13913:Western Togoland Rebellion
12687:Pre-independence governors
10915:. Ssrc.org. Archived from
6815:United Press International
5528:Johnson, Hilde F. (2011).
5180:. Routledge. p. 373.
4904:Thomson Reuters Foundation
4366:– via allafrica.com.
4122:on both sides of the war.
3679:, and a Janjaweed leader,
3641:
3596:International Crisis Group
3567:
3454:
3129:
2860:and Eastern Darfur around
2781:, opposite the capital of
2755:
2541:International Crisis Group
2272:
2164:, the United Nations, the
2104:(working on behalf of the
2081:
2034:International Crisis Group
1766:
1689:Second Sudanese Civil Wars
1586:
1155:Sudanese nomadic conflicts
760:Martin Ihoeghian Uhomoibhi
77:into a new article titled
46:
40:
29:
16703:Responsibility to protect
16566:
16447:
16360:Ulm Einsatzkommando trial
16328:Supreme National Tribunal
16218:
16199:
16109:
16031:
15934:
15812:
15711:
15474:
15169:
14931:Residential school system
14830:
14710:
14684:
14613:
14570:
14542:
14533:
14472:
14443:
14398:Second Sudanese Civil War
14390:
14352:
14306:
14262:
14182:
14173:
14141:
14112:
14081:
14041:
13958:
13935:
13926:
13875:
13849:
13823:
13802:
13765:
13711:
13702:
13670:
13641:
13603:
13563:
13554:
13486:
13397:
13298:
13289:
13219:
13210:
13108:
13099:
12867:
12858:
12717:Anglo-Egyptian occupation
12677:
12668:
12525:Debos, Marielle (2016) .
12510:– via www.IMDb.com.
12123:"Can LeBron save Darfur?"
11358:Christian Science Monitor
10841:. Reuters. Archived from
7443:. Reuters. 20 June 2006.
6765:23 September 2009 at the
6690:29 September 2006 at the
6622:29 September 2006 at the
6358:25 September 2006 at the
6180:18 September 2006 at the
5705:Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
5598:Koigi wa Wamwere (2003).
4828:"Sudan Military Strength"
4082:Second Sudanese Civil War
4072:List of wars 2003βpresent
3815:, a senior campaigner at
3501:World Health Organization
3420:Janjaweed's participation
3200:Sudan Revolutionary Front
3173:Janjaweed militia leader
2893:Darfur Regional Authority
2597:rocket-propelled grenades
2514:Holocaust Memorial Museum
2397:National Redemption Front
2288:
2230:Bureau of African Affairs
2160:, the United States, the
2110:Deputy Secretary of State
2004:Second Sudanese Civil War
1842:Second Sudanese Civil War
1557:Sudan Liberation Movement
1391:Sudan Liberation Movement
1210:
1104:Second Sudanese Civil War
1072:
980:National Redemption Front
968:
928:
912:
862:
784:
558:
221:
160:
139:Sudan Revolutionary Front
118:
110:
105:
15223:Christians in Diyarbekir
14501:2008 invasion of Anjouan
14097:Civil War (2012βpresent)
14066:Pool Department conflict
11452:. London. Archived from
11271:23 December 2016 at the
10417:Salih, Zeinab Mohammed.
5981:"Darfur Peace Agreement"
5869:Flint & de Waal 2005
5857:Flint & de Waal 2005
5845:Flint & de Waal 2005
5833:Flint & de Waal 2005
4097:
4017:First Sudanese Civil War
3916:, a 2014 documentary by
3510:In March 2005, the UN's
3215:transitional legislature
3179:Central African Republic
3161:and was overseen by the
2773:government soldiers and
2700:, led by Khalil Abdullah
2512:gave a speech at the US
2472:Governor Bill Richardson
2361:On 12 October, Nigerian
2145:and police, a system of
1915:. The latter were armed
1776:Authors Julie Flint and
1719:Allegations of apartheid
1175:South Sudanese Civil War
1165:George Athor's rebellion
1077:First Sudanese Civil War
740:Mohammed Nour Abdelkerim
47:Not to be confused with
16169:Politics of recognition
14716:Destruction of Carthage
14496:Hanish Islands conflict
14032:Kamwina Nsapu rebellion
13883:Guinea-Bissau Civil War
13725:Herderβfarmer conflicts
13649:Western Sahara conflict
12759:National Reconciliation
12573:Neville, Leigh (2018).
12364:8 December 2008 at the
12166:. Reuters. 31 May 2007.
12104:The Wall Street Journal
11748:San Francisco Chronicle
11310:"IslamOnline.net- News"
8577:. AFP. 11 August 2013.
7063:Deutsche Presse-Agentur
6808:20 October 2007 at the
6647:19 October 2012 at the
6303:20 October 2012 at the
6285:Deutsche Presse-Agentur
6278:11 October 2007 at the
6260:Deutsche Presse-Agentur
6253:4 December 2007 at the
5924:29 October 2016 at the
5886:1 December 2005 at the
5871:, pp. 60, 101β103.
4881:13 January 2017 at the
4678:12 October 2017 at the
4655:12 October 2017 at the
4259:7 de septiembre de 2007
3685:crimes against humanity
3251:
3168:
3125:
3104:
3065:
3045:
3006:
2984:, the state capital of
2974:
2937:were taken by the SLA.
2911:
2809:
2751:
2446:
2201:Peacekeeping Operations
2077:
1814:Darfur Liberation Front
1792:and swore oaths on the
1763:echoed the accusation.
1629:in 1883. Following the
1583:Origins of the conflict
1532:Darfur Liberation Front
1423:crimes against humanity
16620:South Africa v. Israel
16588:Rohingya genocide case
16125:Names of the Holocaust
15581:Chittagong Hill Tracts
15289:Kinder der Landstrasse
15175:Late Ottoman genocides
14319:SomaliβKenyan conflict
14208:Second Afar insurgency
13815:Sierra Leone Civil War
12799:United Nations Mission
11041:26 August 2009 at the
11013:. CNN. 22 April 2008.
10859:. BBC. 14 March 2005.
10577:3 October 2016 at the
9121:. Al Jazeera English.
8575:The News International
8540:. Al Jazeera English.
8514:. Al Jazeera English.
7016:3 October 2016 at the
6498:3 October 2016 at the
6455:6 October 2006 at the
5947:(BBC) 20 December 2005
5701:Current African Issues
5695:Diallo, Garba (1993).
4934:United to End Genocide
4007:Command responsibility
3630:
3587:
3564:International response
3493:
3469:
3444:
3429:
3366:Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
3270:Darfur Bar Association
3132:Sudanese peace process
3082:This section is empty.
3023:This section is empty.
2921:
2819:
2793:
2674:
2493:, were charged by the
2460:
2358:
2232:, Assistant Secretary
2137:
2090:Darfur Peace Agreement
2084:Darfur Peace Agreement
2052:
1972:
1872:
1820:, the headquarters of
1278:Sudanese peace process
1255:International response
1213:Sudanese peace process
1006:Popular Defence Forces
846:Popular Defence Forces
830:Gibril Ibrahim faction
652:Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
559:Commanders and leaders
210:Darfur Peace Agreement
16485:Bosnian genocide case
16139:Holocaust terminology
15782:Christians under ISIS
15512:1966 anti-Igbo pogrom
14941:1740 Batavia massacre
14765:Harrying of the North
14578:Bophuthatswana crisis
14242:OromiaβSomali clashes
14160:Boko Haram insurgency
14120:Civil War (2005β2010)
13737:Boko Haram insurgency
13660:Clashes, 2020βpresent
13173:Native administration
12779:Coalitions/Bashir Era
12692:Pre and early history
12283:1 August 2016 at the
11822:Amnesty International
11799:Amnesty International
11776:Amnesty International
11682:Amnesty International
10609:Silwa, Maria (2004).
8811:. 28 September 2018.
7996:16 April 2016 at the
7951:. CNN. Archived from
7106:23 April 2016 at the
6991:Gettleman, Jeffrey, "
6721:on 27 September 2007.
6589:31 March 2007 at the
6521:19 March 2009 at the
6440: 31 August 2006.
6328:Amnesty International
6230:19 March 2009 at the
6062:27 March 2016 at the
5993:on 28 September 2013.
5161:22 March 2016 at the
4032:Human rights in Sudan
3907:Coverage by the media
3885:Minority Rights Group
3809:, continued in 2010.
3785:Amnesty International
3627:Save Darfur Coalition
3624:
3612:Save Darfur Coalition
3594:in July 2003 and the
3592:Amnesty International
3577:
3550:In January 2010, the
3488:
3464:
3439:
3427:
2919:
2817:
2791:
2690:Bahr Idriss Abu Garda
2669:
2465:Save Darfur Coalition
2459:, West Darfur in 2007
2454:
2352:
2207:special investigator
2184:served as witnesses.
2143:Sudanese Armed Forces
2125:
2046:
1986:On 18 September, the
1970:
1866:
1709:Sudan Liberation Army
1707:based in Darfur: the
1666:Republic of the Sudan
1597:for "the home of the
1377:, also nicknamed the
1148:Omdurman and Khartoum
954:2,850,000β3,000,000 (
913:Casualties and losses
840:Sudanese Armed Forces
810:SLA-Second Revolution
721:Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo
199:Intertwined with the
41:Further information:
16636:Nicaragua v. Germany
16535:Khmer Rouge Tribunal
15911:Utilitarian genocide
15890:Transgender genocide
15249:Osage Indian murders
14949:Great Gypsy Round-up
14550:Mozambican Civil War
14510:Burundian conflicts
14490:Djiboutian Civil War
14202:Insurgency in Ogaden
13830:Liberian Civil Wars
13743:Niger Delta conflict
12621:at Wikimedia Commons
12387:5 March 2016 at the
12022:on 15 December 2007.
11816:30 June 2016 at the
11793:30 June 2016 at the
11770:30 June 2016 at the
11336:"Judgment on Appeal"
11316:on 19 September 2008
11291:4 March 2016 at the
11121:Prunier, pp. 124β148
10993:28 July 2011 at the
10768:. 9 September 2015.
10703:(30 November 2006).
10640:Olaka, Musa (2010).
10598:on 20 December 2011.
9065:on 28 September 2023
8915:on 18 September 2020
8708:on 11 February 2015.
8396:on 14 November 2011.
7971:6 April 2016 at the
7429:on 29 February 2008.
7302:on 14 February 2008.
7268:. 28 February 2007.
7081:6 March 2016 at the
6917:5 March 2016 at the
6833:4 March 2016 at the
6740:6 March 2016 at the
6546:5 March 2016 at the
6155:4 March 2016 at the
6066:, BBC, 2 August 2006
5905:14 July 2005 at the
5220:. 23 February 2010.
4858:30 June 2017 at the
4380:. 17 December 2012.
4309:. 13 February 2015.
4278:. 21 December 2011.
4116:Toyota Land Cruisers
4037:Genocides in history
3883:On 16 October 2006,
3374:Rapid Support Forces
3211:transitional cabinet
3185:Three mass shootings
3177:was arrested in the
2871:(PILPG). Led by Dr.
2823:General Martin Agwai
2599:(RPGs) and belt-fed
2311:World Food Programme
2133:after he signed the
2129:with U.S. President
1962:Ceasefire Commission
1934:forced displacements
1664:and the independent
1662:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
1644:was reinstated as a
852:Rapid Support Forces
779:Frank Mushyo Kamanzi
442:Chadian rebel groups
16713:Genocides in Africa
16688:Civil wars in Sudan
16022:Settler colonialism
15971:Forced assimilation
15669:Srebrenica massacre
15441:Chechens and Ingush
15199:Thracian Bulgarians
15045:Sand Creek massacre
15006:Siege of Tripolitsa
14757:Ancestral Puebloans
14589:Lesothan conflicts
14514:1993β2005 Civil War
14232:AfarβSomali clashes
14019:2022β2024 offensive
14014:2012β2013 rebellion
13856:Ivorian Civil Wars
13689:Tunisian revolution
13631:2014β2020 civil war
13611:2008 Kufra conflict
13548:conflicts in Africa
12932:Non-marine molluscs
12444:. 13 October 2014.
12414:. 20 October 2014.
12157:Inter Press Service
11892:The Washington Post
11778:. 8 May 2007. p. 7.
11754:on 4 December 2007.
10977:on 29 January 2012.
10674:The Washington Post
9933:toronto.citynews.ca
9603:. 17 January 2021.
9511:. 24 January 2021.
9485:. 22 January 2021.
9455:. 24 January 2021.
9425:. 20 January 2021.
9395:. 21 January 2021.
9393:Middle East Monitor
9365:. 20 January 2021.
9335:. 18 January 2021.
9241:. 17 January 2021.
9151:. 17 January 2021.
8672:. 4 December 2014.
8440:on 15 December 2013
8414:on 15 December 2013
8189:on 27 December 2011
8071:"Sudan Peace Watch"
7873:. 29 October 2007.
7750:on 5 November 2012.
7630:on 18 December 2007
7507:on 4 December 2007.
7047:on 22 October 2007.
6945:on 11 January 2008.
6874:15 May 2013 at the
6700:, 14 September 2006
6675:, 12 September 2006
6657:, 12 September 2006
6632:, 12 September 2006
6599:, 8 September 2006
6386:, 10 September 2006
6205:15 May 2013 at the
6010:The Washington Post
5962:1 June 2013 at the
5943:1 June 2013 at the
5928:(BBC) 1 August 2005
5097:The Washington Post
4978:. 8 February 2010.
4853:: Faits et chiffres
3913:Watchers of the Sky
3790:A-5 Fantan fighters
3724:Genocide Convention
3650:UN Security Council
3648:In March 2005, the
3584:UN General Assembly
3481:Mortality estimates
3262:Al Geneina District
3260:and Arab nomads in
2072:Chad-Sudan conflict
2047:AMIS soldiers from
1758:Minister of Justice
1732:American University
1565:UN: United Nations
1507:Sudanese Revolution
1478:humanitarian crisis
1464:ethnic groups. The
1399:government of Sudan
1180:Sudanese Revolution
962:Sudanese government
942:Sudanese government
452:Anti-Gaddafi forces
113:Sudanese Civil Wars
16501:Slobodan MiloΕ‘eviΔ
16352:Erich von Manstein
15964:Extermination camp
15717:Effacer le tableau
15480:Hyderabadi Muslims
15425:Nanshitou Massacre
15409:Muslims and Croats
15111:Hamidian massacres
14998:Al-Jawazi massacre
14988:Stolen Generations
14691:list by death toll
14636:Colour revolutions
14434:Sudanese civil war
14286:2009βpresent phase
14026:BatwaβLuba clashes
13895:Casamance conflict
13772:Tuareg rebellions
13732:Religious violence
13678:Algerian Civil War
13594:Terrorism in Egypt
13272:Telecommunications
12707:Turkish occupation
12546:de Waal, Alexander
12370:Independent Online
12099:"Sudan's Enablers"
11871:on 11 August 2015.
11865:Human Rights Watch
11824:. 8 May 2007. p. 8
11801:. 8 May 2007. p.13
11723:on 12 October 2017
11716:The New York Times
11655:on 8 December 2010
11425:on 7 December 2008
11299:, 27 February 2007
11183:on 22 January 2009
10911:(16 August 2007).
10889:on 7 December 2009
10766:Human Rights Watch
9691:Middle East Online
9277:on 18 January 2021
9211:. 3 January 2020.
9031:. 3 October 2020.
9001:. 3 October 2020.
8971:. 3 October 2020.
8941:. September 2020.
8779:Human Rights Watch
8732:on 3 October 2016.
8610:. 12 August 2013.
8308:on 12 October 2017
8280:"Radiodabanga.org"
8262:"Radiodabanga.org"
8215:on 27 January 2012
8159:. 4 January 2011.
8129:. 2 January 2011.
8021:. 27 August 2009.
7829:on 8 October 2007.
7384:on 30 August 2007.
7236:The New York Times
7116:, 25 November 2006
7091:, 18 November 2006
7066:, 19 November 2006
7041:Kuwait News Agency
7026:, 17 November 2006
6998:The New York Times
6969:, 9 November 2006
6961:5 May 2008 at the
6715:Kuwait News Agency
6574:, 6 September 2006
6556:, 5 September 2006
6531:, 4 September 2006
6506:, 5 September 2006
6483:, 1 September 2006
6403:. 26 August 2006.
6236:Independent Online
6120:on 4 February 2009
6090:on 15 August 2006.
5970:, 23 December 2005
5909:(BBC) 10 July 2005
5579:, 19 February 2010
5380:. 31 August 2020.
5339:(10 August 2019).
5293:raisethevoices.org
5127:on 12 October 2008
4889:, 8 September 2016
4686:, 14 December 2015
4516:978-0-8444-0750-0.
4077:Lost Boys of Sudan
4047:List of civil wars
3929:Luis Moreno Ocampo
3838:(9 per cent), and
3802:Human Rights First
3712:Luis Moreno Ocampo
3631:
3588:
3494:
3470:
3430:
3222:Abdul Wahid al Nur
3147:In December 2019,
2997:Human Rights Watch
2922:
2820:
2794:
2792:Darfur men in 2008
2675:
2612:Abdul Wahid al Nur
2478:The New York Times
2461:
2359:
2225:sexually assaulted
2138:
2113:Robert B. Zoellick
2098:Abdul Wahid al Nur
2068:government of Chad
2053:
1973:
1925:counter-insurgency
1873:
1509:, requires that a
1485:Secretary of State
848:(until April 2019)
711:(until April 2019)
665:(until April 2019)
614:Abdul Wahid al Nur
49:Invasion of Darfur
16650:
16649:
16646:
16645:
16553:
16552:
16434:
16433:
16280:Euthanasia trials
16200:Legal proceedings
15943:Cultural genocide
15869:Cultural genocide
15808:
15807:
15733:Masalit massacres
15696:
15695:
15597:Sri Lankan Tamils
15504:Arabs in Zanzibar
15459:
15458:
15377:Three Alls policy
15154:
15153:
15087:Putumayo genocide
14815:
14814:
14644:
14643:
14609:
14608:
14529:
14528:
14480:Rwandan Civil War
14428:Blue Nile clashes
14410:Nomadic conflicts
14366:Nomadic conflicts
14169:
14168:
14008:March 23 Movement
13943:Angolan Civil War
13922:
13921:
13698:
13697:
13510:
13509:
13482:
13481:
13285:
13284:
13248:(former currency)
13206:
13205:
13143:Foreign relations
13095:
13094:
13077:
13076:
12970:
12969:
12949:Natural disasters
12854:
12853:
12839:October 2021 coup
12804:Nomadic conflicts
12729:Independent Sudan
12617:Media related to
12598:978-1-4728-2251-2
12589:Osprey Publishing
12565:978-1-84277-696-4
12536:978-1-78360-532-3
12498:. 11 April 2008.
12397:, 20 October 2006
12372:, 16 October 2006
12247:on 22 August 2007
12177:. 18 April 2006.
12068:Los Angeles Times
11923:on 28 April 2007.
11456:on 6 October 2008
11241:on 13 August 2008
11072:(9711): 294β300.
10845:on 21 April 2005.
10483:www.xinhuanet.com
10423:www.aljazeera.com
10252:. 30 April 2021.
10226:. 29 April 2021.
10196:. 29 April 2021.
10170:. 29 April 2021.
10144:. 13 April 2021.
10114:. 18 April 2021.
10084:. 14 April 2021.
10023:. 19 April 2021.
9993:. 16 April 2021.
9935:. 12 April 2021.
9573:. 28 March 2021.
9543:. 20 April 2021.
9179:www.aljazeera.com
8640:. 19 March 2014.
7949:"Darfur Fighting"
7768:. 7 August 2007.
7719:. 5 August 2007.
7689:. 4 August 2007.
7659:. 4 August 2007.
7350:. 19 April 2007.
7177:. 16 March 2007.
6995:", news article,
6902:, 13 October 2006
6884:, 12 October 2006
6859:, 10 October 2006
6793:, 10 October 2006
6750:, 20 October 2006
6330:. 14 March 2003.
5890:(BBC) 24 May 2004
5859:, p. 99β100.
5749:978-0-470-44745-1
5676:978-1-57105-337-4
5644:978-0-312-21787-7
5617:978-1-58322-576-9
5541:978-1-84519-453-6
5351:on 10 August 2019
5283:(4 August 2019).
5187:978-1-134-25980-9
5104:on 4 January 2006
4900:"Darfur Conflict"
4866:, 26 October 2016
4663:, 27 October 2015
4627:. 20 April 2019.
4571:. 11 April 2019.
4201:. 29 April 2015.
4022:History of Darfur
3947:television series
3824:Small Arms Survey
3756:McGill University
3521:In May 2005, the
3226:Abdelaziz al-Hilu
3113:(UNAMID) and the
3109:Reports from the
3102:
3101:
3043:
3042:
2802:to stay indoors.
2633:, Abdalla Yahya,
2525:President of Chad
2463:According to the
2370:Olusegun Obasanjo
2102:Salim Ahmed Salim
1948:, leading to the
1589:History of Darfur
1580:
1579:
1371:
1370:
1329:History of Darfur
1273:ICC investigation
1219:
1218:
1138:Battle of Malakal
1126:War of the Peters
1030:
1029:
858:No specific units
217:
216:
101:
100:
16:(Redirected from
16720:
16639:
16631:
16623:
16615:
16607:
16599:
16591:
16583:
16575:
16561:
16555:
16554:
16546:
16538:
16530:
16520:
16512:
16509:Radovan KaradΕΎiΔ
16504:
16496:
16488:
16480:
16472:
16469:Belgrade Process
16464:
16456:
16442:
16436:
16435:
16427:
16419:
16411:
16403:
16400:Treblinka trials
16395:
16387:
16379:
16371:
16363:
16355:
16347:
16339:
16331:
16323:
16315:
16307:
16299:
16291:
16283:
16275:
16267:
16259:
16251:
16243:
16240:Γpuration lΓ©gale
16235:
16227:
16213:
16210:Holocaust trials
16204:
16203:
16192:
16185:
16178:
16171:
16164:
16157:
16150:
16141:
16134:
16127:
16120:
16102:
16095:
16088:
16081:
16074:
16067:
16060:
16051:
16044:
16024:
16017:
16010:
16003:
15994:
15987:
15980:
15973:
15966:
15959:
15957:Ethnic cleansing
15952:
15945:
15927:
15920:
15913:
15906:
15899:
15892:
15885:
15878:
15871:
15864:
15853:
15846:
15839:
15830:
15823:
15801:
15793:
15785:
15777:
15774:Shias under ISIS
15769:
15761:
15753:
15745:
15735:
15728:
15720:
15706:
15698:
15697:
15689:
15681:
15671:
15664:
15656:
15648:
15640:
15632:
15624:
15616:
15608:
15600:
15592:
15584:
15576:
15568:
15558:
15551:
15544:
15539:
15531:
15523:
15515:
15507:
15499:
15491:
15483:
15469:
15461:
15460:
15452:
15444:
15436:
15428:
15420:
15412:
15404:
15401:Serbs in Croatia
15396:
15388:
15380:
15372:
15364:
15361:Nanjing Massacre
15356:
15353:Parsley massacre
15348:
15345:Polish Operation
15340:
15337:Romani Holocaust
15332:
15324:
15316:
15308:
15300:
15292:
15284:
15281:NapalpΓ massacre
15276:
15268:
15260:
15252:
15244:
15234:
15226:
15218:
15210:
15202:
15192:
15185:
15177:
15164:
15156:
15155:
15145:
15137:
15130:
15122:
15114:
15106:
15098:
15090:
15082:
15074:
15066:
15058:
15048:
15040:
15032:
15024:
15016:
15009:
15001:
14991:
14983:
14975:
14968:
14960:
14952:
14944:
14934:
14926:
14918:
14911:
14903:
14895:
14887:
14879:
14871:
14863:
14855:
14847:
14839:
14825:
14817:
14816:
14808:
14800:
14792:
14784:
14776:
14773:Mongol conquests
14768:
14760:
14752:
14742:
14735:
14727:
14719:
14705:
14697:
14696:
14671:
14664:
14657:
14648:
14647:
14584:Caprivi conflict
14540:
14539:
14519:2015β2018 unrest
14325:Likoni massacres
14314:Ethnic conflicts
14276:Somali Civil War
14180:
14179:
13978:Second Congo War
13933:
13932:
13709:
13708:
13588:Post-coup unrest
13582:Sinai insurgency
13561:
13560:
13537:
13530:
13523:
13514:
13513:
13495:
13296:
13295:
13262:
13249:
13217:
13216:
13106:
13105:
12972:
12971:
12945:
12944:
12865:
12864:
12764:Second Civil War
12675:
12674:
12654:
12647:
12640:
12631:
12630:
12616:
12602:
12569:
12540:
12512:
12511:
12509:
12507:
12492:
12486:
12485:
12484:
12482:
12464:
12458:
12457:
12455:
12453:
12434:
12428:
12427:
12425:
12423:
12404:
12398:
12379:
12373:
12356:
12350:
12349:
12347:
12345:
12339:
12332:
12324:
12318:
12317:
12315:
12313:
12308:on 18 March 2012
12294:
12288:
12275:
12273:
12271:
12256:
12254:
12252:
12243:. Archived from
12237:
12235:
12233:
12224:. Archived from
12214:
12208:
12207:
12190:
12188:
12186:
12167:
12160:
12149:
12143:
12142:
12140:
12138:
12129:. 17 June 2007.
12119:
12117:
12115:
12101:
12086:
12080:
12079:
12077:
12075:
12060:
12054:
12053:
12051:
12049:
12030:
12024:
12023:
12012:
12006:
12005:
12003:
11996:
11987:
11981:
11980:
11978:
11976:
11967:. 15 July 2008.
11957:
11951:
11950:
11948:
11946:
11931:
11925:
11924:
11919:. Archived from
11908:
11906:
11904:
11882:
11873:
11872:
11857:
11851:
11850:
11848:
11846:
11831:
11825:
11808:
11802:
11785:
11779:
11762:
11756:
11755:
11750:. Archived from
11739:
11733:
11732:
11730:
11728:
11707:
11701:
11700:
11698:
11696:
11690:
11679:
11671:
11665:
11664:
11662:
11660:
11651:. Archived from
11640:
11634:
11633:
11631:
11629:
11624:on 10 March 2016
11620:. Archived from
11610:
11604:
11603:
11601:
11599:
11583:
11581:
11579:
11559:
11553:
11552:
11550:
11548:
11532:
11526:
11525:
11523:
11521:
11502:
11496:
11495:
11493:
11491:
11482:. 14 July 2008.
11472:
11466:
11465:
11463:
11461:
11441:
11435:
11434:
11432:
11430:
11411:
11405:
11404:
11402:
11400:
11380:
11374:
11373:
11371:
11369:
11350:
11344:
11343:
11342:on 16 June 2011.
11332:
11326:
11325:
11323:
11321:
11306:
11300:
11282:
11276:
11264:
11258:
11250:
11248:
11246:
11240:
11234:. Archived from
11233:
11225:
11219:
11213:
11207:
11206:
11200:
11192:
11190:
11188:
11182:
11176:. Archived from
11175:
11168:
11164:Internet Archive
11157:
11151:
11150:
11148:
11146:
11131:
11122:
11119:
11110:
11109:
11107:
11105:
11055:
11049:
11048:, 19 August 2009
11033:
11027:
11026:
11024:
11022:
11007:
11001:
10985:
10979:
10978:
10967:
10961:
10960:
10958:
10956:
10950:
10943:
10935:
10929:
10928:
10926:
10924:
10905:
10899:
10898:
10896:
10894:
10879:
10873:
10872:
10870:
10868:
10853:
10847:
10846:
10834:
10828:
10827:
10825:
10823:
10807:
10801:
10800:
10799:on 17 July 2008.
10788:
10782:
10781:
10779:
10777:
10758:
10752:
10751:
10749:
10747:
10731:
10725:
10724:
10722:
10720:
10697:
10691:
10690:
10688:
10686:
10664:
10658:
10657:
10655:
10653:
10637:
10631:
10630:
10628:
10626:
10606:
10600:
10599:
10588:
10582:
10569:
10563:
10562:
10560:
10558:
10537:
10531:
10530:
10528:
10526:
10514:Associated Press
10505:
10499:
10498:
10496:
10494:
10475:
10469:
10468:
10466:
10464:
10445:
10439:
10438:
10436:
10434:
10414:
10408:
10407:
10405:
10403:
10384:
10378:
10377:
10375:
10373:
10354:
10348:
10347:
10345:
10343:
10328:
10322:
10321:
10319:
10317:
10298:
10292:
10291:
10289:
10287:
10272:
10266:
10265:
10263:
10261:
10246:
10240:
10239:
10237:
10235:
10216:
10210:
10209:
10207:
10205:
10190:
10184:
10183:
10181:
10179:
10164:
10158:
10157:
10155:
10153:
10134:
10128:
10127:
10125:
10123:
10104:
10098:
10097:
10095:
10093:
10074:
10068:
10067:
10065:
10063:
10052:Voice of America
10043:
10037:
10036:
10034:
10032:
10013:
10007:
10006:
10004:
10002:
9987:
9981:
9980:
9978:
9976:
9955:
9949:
9948:
9946:
9944:
9925:
9919:
9918:
9916:
9914:
9894:
9888:
9887:
9885:
9883:
9874:. 9 April 2021.
9864:
9858:
9857:
9855:
9853:
9833:
9827:
9826:
9824:
9822:
9803:
9797:
9796:
9794:
9792:
9773:
9767:
9766:
9764:
9762:
9753:. 7 April 2021.
9743:
9737:
9736:
9734:
9732:
9723:. 6 April 2021.
9713:
9707:
9706:
9704:
9702:
9683:
9677:
9676:
9674:
9672:
9663:. 6 April 2021.
9653:
9647:
9646:
9644:
9642:
9633:. 5 April 2021.
9623:
9617:
9616:
9614:
9612:
9593:
9587:
9586:
9584:
9582:
9563:
9557:
9556:
9554:
9552:
9540:Associated Press
9531:
9525:
9524:
9522:
9520:
9505:
9499:
9498:
9496:
9494:
9475:
9469:
9468:
9466:
9464:
9445:
9439:
9438:
9436:
9434:
9415:
9409:
9408:
9406:
9404:
9385:
9379:
9378:
9376:
9374:
9355:
9349:
9348:
9346:
9344:
9325:
9319:
9318:
9316:
9314:
9305:. Archived from
9293:
9287:
9286:
9284:
9282:
9273:. Archived from
9261:
9255:
9254:
9252:
9250:
9231:
9225:
9224:
9222:
9220:
9201:
9195:
9194:
9192:
9190:
9171:
9165:
9164:
9162:
9160:
9141:
9135:
9134:
9132:
9130:
9111:
9105:
9104:
9102:
9100:
9081:
9075:
9074:
9072:
9070:
9051:
9045:
9044:
9042:
9040:
9021:
9015:
9014:
9012:
9010:
8991:
8985:
8984:
8982:
8980:
8961:
8955:
8954:
8952:
8950:
8931:
8925:
8924:
8922:
8920:
8911:. Archived from
8900:
8894:
8893:
8891:
8889:
8870:
8864:
8863:
8861:
8859:
8831:
8825:
8824:
8822:
8820:
8801:
8795:
8794:
8792:
8790:
8771:
8765:
8764:
8762:
8760:
8740:
8734:
8733:
8716:
8710:
8709:
8692:
8686:
8685:
8683:
8681:
8660:
8654:
8653:
8651:
8649:
8630:
8624:
8623:
8621:
8619:
8600:
8591:
8590:
8588:
8586:
8567:
8554:
8553:
8551:
8549:
8534:
8528:
8527:
8525:
8523:
8508:
8502:
8501:
8499:
8497:
8482:
8476:
8475:
8473:
8471:
8456:
8450:
8449:
8447:
8445:
8436:. Archived from
8430:
8424:
8423:
8421:
8419:
8410:. Archived from
8404:
8398:
8397:
8382:
8376:
8375:
8373:
8371:
8365:
8358:
8350:
8344:
8343:
8341:
8339:
8324:
8318:
8317:
8315:
8313:
8294:
8288:
8287:
8286:on 11 July 2012.
8276:
8270:
8269:
8258:
8252:
8251:
8249:
8247:
8231:
8225:
8224:
8222:
8220:
8205:
8199:
8198:
8196:
8194:
8185:. Archived from
8179:
8173:
8172:
8170:
8168:
8157:Radiodabanga.org
8149:
8143:
8142:
8140:
8138:
8127:Radiodabanga.org
8119:
8113:
8112:
8110:
8108:
8093:
8087:
8086:
8084:
8082:
8067:
8061:
8060:
8058:
8056:
8041:
8035:
8034:
8032:
8030:
8011:
8005:
7988:
7982:
7963:
7957:
7956:
7945:
7939:
7938:
7936:
7934:
7919:
7913:
7912:
7910:
7908:
7893:
7887:
7886:
7884:
7882:
7863:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7852:
7837:
7831:
7830:
7825:. Archived from
7819:
7813:
7812:
7810:
7808:
7788:
7782:
7781:
7779:
7777:
7758:
7752:
7751:
7739:
7733:
7732:
7730:
7728:
7709:
7703:
7702:
7700:
7698:
7679:
7673:
7672:
7670:
7668:
7649:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7635:
7616:
7610:
7609:
7607:
7605:
7590:
7584:
7583:
7581:
7579:
7564:
7558:
7557:
7555:
7553:
7538:
7532:
7531:
7530:on 16 July 2007.
7526:. Archived from
7515:
7509:
7508:
7503:. Archived from
7493:
7487:
7486:
7484:
7482:
7473:. 18 July 2007.
7463:
7457:
7456:
7454:
7452:
7437:
7431:
7430:
7415:
7409:
7408:
7406:
7404:
7385:
7370:
7364:
7363:
7361:
7359:
7340:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7329:
7320:. 3 April 2007.
7310:
7304:
7303:
7288:
7282:
7281:
7279:
7277:
7258:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7247:
7227:
7221:
7220:
7218:
7216:
7207:. 2 April 2007.
7197:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7186:
7167:
7161:
7160:
7159:. 18 April 2007.
7149:
7143:
7142:
7140:
7138:
7123:
7117:
7098:
7092:
7073:
7067:
7055:
7049:
7048:
7033:
7027:
7008:
7002:
6989:
6978:
6953:
6947:
6946:
6941:. Archived from
6928:
6922:
6909:
6903:
6891:
6885:
6866:
6860:
6848:
6842:
6841:, 9 October 2006
6825:
6819:
6818:, 9 October 2006
6800:
6794:
6782:
6776:
6775:, 2 October 2006
6757:
6751:
6732:
6723:
6722:
6707:
6701:
6682:
6676:
6664:
6658:
6639:
6633:
6614:
6608:
6581:
6575:
6563:
6557:
6538:
6532:
6528:Associated Press
6513:
6507:
6490:
6484:
6480:Associated Press
6472:
6466:
6465:, 31 August 2006
6462:Voice of America
6447:
6441:
6423:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6412:
6393:
6387:
6375:
6369:
6368:, 25 August 2006
6365:Voice of America
6350:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6320:
6314:
6313:, 24 August 2006
6295:
6289:
6288:, 24 August 2006
6270:
6264:
6263:, 24 August 2006
6245:
6239:
6238:, 19 August 2006
6222:
6216:
6215:, 19 August 2006
6197:
6191:
6190:, 17 August 2006
6187:Voice of America
6172:
6166:
6165:, 18 August 2006
6147:
6141:
6140:
6129:
6127:
6125:
6116:. Archived from
6105:
6098:
6092:
6091:
6086:. Archived from
6083:Voice of America
6073:
6067:
6054:
6048:
6047:
6032:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6021:
6001:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5985:
5977:
5971:
5954:
5948:
5935:
5929:
5916:
5910:
5897:
5891:
5878:
5872:
5866:
5860:
5854:
5848:
5842:
5836:
5835:, p. 76-77.
5830:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5813:
5806:
5798:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5776:Montreal Gazette
5767:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5737:
5727:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5716:
5692:
5690:
5688:
5660:
5658:
5656:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5605:
5595:
5589:
5586:
5580:
5573:
5567:
5564:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5507:10.2307/20034212
5490:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5459:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5421:10.2307/20034212
5400:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5370:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5356:
5347:. Archived from
5321:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5301:
5290:
5273:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5259:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5171:
5165:
5150:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5088:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5060:(25 July 2004).
5054:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5024:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5004:. Alertnet.org.
4998:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4968:
4962:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4945:
4926:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4906:. Archived from
4896:
4890:
4873:
4867:
4850:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4824:
4818:
4815:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4756:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4726:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4693:
4687:
4670:
4664:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4617:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4559:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4528:
4517:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4483:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4472:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4374:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4344:
4338:
4332:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4299:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4266:
4260:
4255:29 June 2012 at
4247:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4221:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4159:
4148:
4140:
4123:
4108:
4087:Slavery in Sudan
4027:History of Sudan
3981:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3893:Rwandan genocide
3788:including three
3582:speaking to the
3097:
3094:
3084:You can help by
3077:
3070:
3038:
3035:
3025:You can help by
3018:
3011:
2631:Ahmed Abdelshafi
2429:Foreign Minister
2416:
2363:Foreign Minister
2295:AntΓ³nio Guterres
2293:On 8 September,
2026:ethnic cleansing
2022:Rwandan genocide
1827:Marrah Mountains
1800:, including the
1519:
1518:
1448:of the northern
1407:ethnic cleansing
1379:Land Cruiser War
1363:
1356:
1349:
1236:
1222:
1221:
1067:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1033:
1032:
1022:
1019:
1013:
1002:
996:
989:
983:
976:
950:Total displaced:
823:
822:
821:
797:
796:
795:
777:
776:
770:
769:
758:
757:
751:
750:
738:
737:
736:
731:
730:
719:
718:
707:
706:
696:
695:
685:
684:
673:
672:
661:
660:
650:
649:
638:
624:
623:
622:
612:
611:
610:
601:
600:
599:
592:
582:
581:
580:
571:
570:
569:
550:
549:
543:
542:
534:(2000s, alleged)
530:
528:
527:
518:
516:
515:
506:
504:
503:
493:
491:
490:
481:
479:
478:
468:
466:
465:
450:
449:
448:
441:
440:
439:
412:
410:
409:
396:
394:
393:
382:
381:
380:
370:
368:
367:
357:
355:
354:
345:
343:
342:
329:
328:
327:
314:
313:
312:
289:
288:
287:
275:
274:
273:
262:
261:
260:
249:
248:
247:
234:
233:
232:
162:
161:
146:
136:
130:
123:
103:
102:
96:
93:
66:
65:
58:
21:
16728:
16727:
16723:
16722:
16721:
16719:
16718:
16717:
16678:2010s conflicts
16668:2000s conflicts
16653:
16652:
16651:
16642:
16634:
16626:
16618:
16610:
16602:
16596:Uyghur Tribunal
16594:
16586:
16578:
16570:
16562:
16559:
16549:
16541:
16533:
16525:
16515:
16507:
16499:
16491:
16483:
16475:
16467:
16459:
16451:
16443:
16440:
16430:
16422:
16416:Fedorenko trial
16414:
16406:
16398:
16390:
16382:
16374:
16366:
16358:
16350:
16342:
16334:
16326:
16318:
16312:Stutthof trials
16310:
16302:
16294:
16288:Nuremberg trial
16286:
16278:
16270:
16262:
16254:
16248:Majdanek trials
16246:
16238:
16230:
16224:Krasnodar trial
16222:
16214:
16208:
16195:
16188:
16181:
16174:
16167:
16160:
16153:
16146:
16137:
16130:
16123:
16116:
16105:
16098:
16091:
16084:
16077:
16070:
16063:
16056:
16047:
16040:
16027:
16020:
16013:
16006:
15999:
15990:
15983:
15976:
15969:
15962:
15955:
15948:
15941:
15930:
15923:
15916:
15909:
15902:
15895:
15888:
15881:
15874:
15867:
15860:
15849:
15842:
15835:
15826:
15819:
15804:
15796:
15788:
15780:
15772:
15764:
15756:
15750:Southern Kaduna
15748:
15740:
15731:
15723:
15715:
15707:
15702:
15692:
15684:
15676:
15667:
15659:
15651:
15643:
15635:
15627:
15619:
15611:
15603:
15595:
15587:
15579:
15571:
15563:
15554:
15547:
15542:
15534:
15526:
15518:
15510:
15502:
15494:
15486:
15478:
15470:
15465:
15455:
15447:
15439:
15431:
15423:
15415:
15407:
15399:
15391:
15383:
15375:
15367:
15359:
15351:
15343:
15335:
15329:Simele massacre
15327:
15319:
15311:
15303:
15295:
15287:
15279:
15271:
15263:
15255:
15247:
15239:
15229:
15221:
15213:
15205:
15197:
15188:
15180:
15173:
15165:
15160:
15150:
15140:
15133:
15125:
15119:Herero and Nama
15117:
15109:
15101:
15093:
15085:
15077:
15069:
15061:
15053:
15043:
15035:
15027:
15019:
15012:
15004:
14996:
14986:
14978:
14971:
14963:
14955:
14947:
14939:
14929:
14921:
14914:
14906:
14898:
14890:
14882:
14874:
14866:
14858:
14850:
14842:
14834:
14826:
14821:
14811:
14803:
14795:
14787:
14779:
14771:
14763:
14755:
14747:
14738:
14730:
14724:Asiatic Vespers
14722:
14714:
14706:
14701:
14688:
14680:
14675:
14645:
14640:
14605:
14566:
14535:Southern Africa
14525:
14468:
14439:
14386:
14371:Ethnic violence
14348:
14343:Baragoi clashes
14302:
14258:
14165:
14137:
14127:(2016βpresent)
14108:
14083:
14082:Central African
14077:
14043:
14037:
13966:First Congo War
13954:
13918:
13871:
13845:
13819:
13810:Ndogboyosoi War
13798:
13761:
13745:(2003βpresent)
13721:(1998βpresent)
13694:
13666:
13651:(1970βpresent)
13637:
13599:
13577:2011 revolution
13571:Egyptian Crisis
13550:
13541:
13511:
13506:
13498:
13491:
13478:
13393:
13281:
13260:
13247:
13202:
13198:State Governors
13091:
13073:
12966:
12943:
12850:
12734:First Civil War
12664:
12658:
12619:Darfur conflict
12609:
12599:
12566:
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12521:
12516:
12515:
12505:
12503:
12494:
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12406:
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12389:Wayback Machine
12380:
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12366:Wayback Machine
12357:
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12343:
12341:
12340:on 25 June 2008
12337:
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12311:
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12285:Wayback Machine
12276:
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12248:
12239:
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12216:
12215:
12211:
12206:on 6 June 2007.
12192:
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12182:
12169:
12168:
12162:
12161:
12159:. 12 June 2006.
12151:
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12134:
12127:Chicago Tribune
12121:
12120:
12113:
12111:
12096:(23 May 2007).
12087:
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11909:
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11900:
11883:
11876:
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11854:
11844:
11842:
11837:. Asianews.it.
11833:
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11818:Wayback Machine
11809:
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11786:
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11293:Wayback Machine
11283:
11279:
11273:Wayback Machine
11252:
11251:
11244:
11242:
11238:
11231:
11229:"Archived copy"
11227:
11226:
11222:
11214:
11210:
11194:
11193:
11186:
11184:
11180:
11173:
11171:"Archived copy"
11169:
11166:
11158:
11154:
11144:
11142:
11141:on 10 July 2009
11133:
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11113:
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11043:Wayback Machine
11034:
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11004:
11000:, 28 April 2006
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10522:
10517:. 7 June 2021.
10507:
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10472:
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10460:
10455:. 7 June 2021.
10447:
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10432:
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10399:
10386:
10385:
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10369:
10364:. 31 May 2021.
10356:
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10334:. 30 May 2021.
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9715:
9714:
9710:
9700:
9698:
9693:. 4 June 2021.
9685:
9684:
9680:
9670:
9668:
9661:The Arab Weekly
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8803:
8802:
8798:
8788:
8786:
8781:. 10 May 2018.
8773:
8772:
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8741:
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8718:
8717:
8713:
8701:theguardian.com
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8325:
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8311:
8309:
8296:
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8278:
8277:
8273:
8268:on 7 July 2012.
8260:
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8243:
8242:on 16 July 2011
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7624:The Independent
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7524:The Independent
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7108:Wayback Machine
7099:
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7056:
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7018:Wayback Machine
7009:
7005:
6990:
6981:
6977:(30 July 2007).
6963:Wayback Machine
6954:
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6919:Wayback Machine
6910:
6906:
6899:Washington Post
6892:
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6683:
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6649:Wayback Machine
6640:
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6624:Wayback Machine
6615:
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6607:(30 July 2007).
6591:Wayback Machine
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6539:
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6523:Wayback Machine
6514:
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6448:
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6430:Verbatim Report
6424:
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6360:Wayback Machine
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6223:
6219:
6207:Wayback Machine
6198:
6194:
6182:Wayback Machine
6173:
6169:
6162:Washington Post
6157:Wayback Machine
6148:
6144:
6139:on 2 June 2007.
6131:
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6123:
6121:
6106:
6100:
6099:
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6074:
6070:
6064:Wayback Machine
6055:
6051:
6046:on 12 May 2011.
6034:
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5526:
5522:
5495:Foreign Affairs
5491:
5487:
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5456:
5446:
5444:
5409:Foreign Affairs
5401:
5397:
5387:
5385:
5372:
5371:
5364:
5354:
5352:
5345:sudanreeves.org
5322:
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5163:Wayback Machine
5151:
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4773:
4771:
4766:. 6 June 2016.
4758:
4757:
4753:
4743:
4741:
4736:. 7 July 2017.
4728:
4727:
4720:
4710:
4708:
4703:. 5 June 2016.
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4680:Wayback Machine
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4359:
4354:. 31 May 2011.
4346:
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4105:
4100:
4062:List of famines
4012:Darfur genocide
3977:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3909:
3875:
3863:François Bayrou
3834:(13 per cent),
3794:Sudan Air Force
3777:
3720:dolus specialis
3646:
3640:
3578:U.S. President
3572:
3566:
3483:
3459:
3453:
3422:
3254:
3171:
3134:
3128:
3107:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3068:
3052:chemical weapon
3048:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3009:
2977:
2914:
2884:Abuja Agreement
2878:In June, a new
2831:
2812:
2769:On 10 May 2008
2760:
2754:
2657:overran an AMIS
2449:
2424:
2410:
2291:
2277:
2271:
2086:
2080:
1992:Resolution 1564
1942:
1877:Darfur genocide
1858:guerilla tactic
1810:Darfur Genocide
1774:
1769:
1747:Alan Dershowitz
1721:
1658:First World War
1650:1916 expedition
1633:victory in the
1591:
1585:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1367:
1338:
1315:
1282:
1220:
1215:
1206:
1092:1964 Revolution
1068:
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1016:
1003:
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986:
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310:
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293:(some factions)
285:
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186:
169:
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144:
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126:
124:
97:
91:
88:
67:
63:
56:
45:
43:Darfur genocide
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Darfur conflict
15:
12:
11:
5:
16726:
16716:
16715:
16710:
16705:
16700:
16695:
16690:
16685:
16683:2010s in Sudan
16680:
16675:
16673:2000s in Sudan
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16376:Eichmann trial
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16348:
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16276:
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16256:CheΕmno trials
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16054:
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16052:
16049:Trivialization
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16018:
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15985:Killing Fields
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15649:
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15633:
15625:
15617:
15613:Kuwaiti Bedoon
15609:
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15569:
15561:
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15559:
15552:
15540:
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15508:
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15472:
15471:
15457:
15456:
15454:
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15449:Crimean Tatars
15445:
15437:
15429:
15421:
15413:
15405:
15397:
15389:
15381:
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15365:
15357:
15349:
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15317:
15309:
15301:
15293:
15285:
15277:
15273:KantΕ Massacre
15269:
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15245:
15237:
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15075:
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15059:
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15049:
15041:
15033:
15029:Trail of Tears
15025:
15021:Indian removal
15010:
15002:
14994:
14993:
14992:
14984:
14969:
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14945:
14937:
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14888:
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14872:
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14860:Kashmiri Shias
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14614:Related topics
14611:
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14596:
14587:
14581:
14574:
14572:
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14567:
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14564:
14563:(2017βpresent)
14558:
14553:
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14544:
14537:
14531:
14530:
14527:
14526:
14524:
14523:
14522:
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14516:
14508:
14503:
14498:
14493:
14487:
14476:
14474:
14470:
14469:
14467:
14466:
14463:Kasese clashes
14460:
14459:(1996βpresent)
14454:
14453:(1987βpresent)
14447:
14445:
14441:
14440:
14438:
14437:
14436:(2023βpresent)
14431:
14425:
14419:
14413:
14412:(2009βpresent)
14407:
14401:
14394:
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14388:
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14384:
14379:
14373:
14368:
14363:
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14349:
14347:
14346:
14340:
14334:
14328:
14322:
14321:(1963βpresent)
14316:
14310:
14308:
14304:
14303:
14301:
14300:
14295:
14294:
14293:
14288:
14283:
14273:
14272:(1998βpresent)
14266:
14264:
14260:
14259:
14257:
14256:
14255:
14254:
14249:
14244:
14239:
14234:
14224:
14223:
14222:
14220:War, 1998β2000
14211:
14205:
14199:
14198:
14197:
14190:Oromo conflict
14186:
14184:
14177:
14171:
14170:
14167:
14166:
14164:
14163:
14162:(2009βpresent)
14157:
14156:(1987βpresent)
14151:
14145:
14143:
14139:
14138:
14136:
14135:
14134:
14133:
14131:2021 offensive
14122:
14116:
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14045:
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14038:
14036:
14035:
14029:
14023:
14022:
14021:
14016:
14005:
14004:(2009βpresent)
14002:Ituri conflict
13999:
13996:Dongo conflict
13993:
13992:(2004βpresent)
13987:
13984:Ituri conflict
13981:
13975:
13974:(1996βpresent)
13969:
13962:
13960:
13956:
13955:
13953:
13952:
13951:(1975βpresent)
13946:
13939:
13937:
13930:
13928:Central Africa
13924:
13923:
13920:
13919:
13917:
13916:
13915:(2020βpresent)
13910:
13909:
13908:
13898:
13897:(1982βpresent)
13892:
13889:Guinea clashes
13886:
13879:
13877:
13873:
13872:
13870:
13869:
13868:
13867:
13862:
13853:
13851:
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13846:
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13842:
13841:
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13825:
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13818:
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13806:
13804:
13800:
13799:
13797:
13796:
13795:(2012βpresent)
13790:
13789:
13788:
13783:
13778:
13769:
13767:
13763:
13762:
13760:
13759:
13758:(2021βpresent)
13753:
13752:
13751:
13740:
13739:(2009βpresent)
13734:
13729:
13728:
13727:
13715:
13713:
13706:
13700:
13699:
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13695:
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13686:
13681:
13674:
13672:
13668:
13667:
13665:
13664:
13663:
13662:
13657:
13655:War, 1975β1991
13645:
13643:
13642:Western Sahara
13639:
13638:
13636:
13635:
13634:
13633:
13628:
13623:
13621:2011 civil war
13613:
13607:
13605:
13601:
13600:
13598:
13597:
13596:(2013βpresent)
13591:
13585:
13584:(2011βpresent)
13579:
13574:
13567:
13565:
13558:
13552:
13551:
13540:
13539:
13532:
13525:
13517:
13508:
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13386:
13385:
13384:
13382:Public toilets
13374:
13369:
13364:
13359:
13354:
13349:
13344:
13339:
13338:
13337:
13327:
13322:
13317:
13316:
13315:
13313:Child marriage
13310:
13299:
13293:
13287:
13286:
13283:
13282:
13280:
13279:
13274:
13269:
13264:
13256:
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13236:
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13220:
13214:
13208:
13207:
13204:
13203:
13201:
13200:
13195:
13193:Vice President
13190:
13185:
13183:Prime Minister
13180:
13175:
13170:
13165:
13162:September Laws
13155:
13145:
13140:
13135:
13130:
13125:
13120:
13115:
13109:
13103:
13097:
13096:
13093:
13092:
13090:
13089:
13084:
13078:
13075:
13074:
13072:
13071:
13066:
13061:
13056:
13054:South Kordofan
13051:
13046:
13041:
13036:
13031:
13026:
13024:North Kordofan
13021:
13016:
13011:
13006:
13001:
12999:Central Darfur
12996:
12991:
12986:
12980:
12978:
12968:
12967:
12965:
12964:
12959:
12957:Climate change
12953:
12951:
12942:
12941:
12940:
12939:
12934:
12929:
12924:
12919:
12914:
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12899:
12894:
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12879:
12874:
12868:
12862:
12856:
12855:
12852:
12851:
12849:
12848:
12847:
12846:
12844:2023 Civil war
12841:
12836:
12826:
12821:
12816:
12811:
12806:
12801:
12796:
12791:
12786:
12781:
12776:
12771:
12766:
12761:
12756:
12754:Communist coup
12751:
12746:
12741:
12736:
12731:
12726:
12725:
12724:
12714:
12709:
12704:
12699:
12694:
12689:
12684:
12678:
12672:
12666:
12665:
12663: articles
12657:
12656:
12649:
12642:
12634:
12628:
12627:
12622:
12608:
12607:External links
12605:
12604:
12603:
12597:
12570:
12564:
12544:Flint, Julie;
12541:
12535:
12520:
12517:
12514:
12513:
12487:
12459:
12442:Slant Magazine
12429:
12399:
12374:
12351:
12319:
12302:TerraCurve.com
12289:
12228:on 1 July 2007
12209:
12144:
12090:Williams, Jody
12081:
12055:
12040:. 8 May 2007.
12025:
12007:
11997:. p. 24.
11982:
11952:
11926:
11874:
11852:
11826:
11803:
11780:
11757:
11734:
11702:
11684:. 8 May 2007.
11666:
11635:
11618:People's Daily
11605:
11568:New York Times
11554:
11527:
11497:
11467:
11436:
11406:
11375:
11345:
11327:
11301:
11277:
11220:
11208:
11152:
11123:
11111:
11050:
11046:Marc Gustafson
11028:
11002:
10980:
10962:
10930:
10900:
10874:
10848:
10829:
10802:
10783:
10753:
10726:
10692:
10659:
10632:
10601:
10583:
10564:
10532:
10500:
10470:
10440:
10409:
10379:
10349:
10323:
10308:. 6 May 2021.
10293:
10278:. 5 May 2021.
10267:
10241:
10211:
10185:
10159:
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9828:
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9648:
9618:
9588:
9558:
9526:
9500:
9470:
9440:
9410:
9380:
9350:
9320:
9309:on 28 May 2022
9288:
9256:
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9016:
8986:
8956:
8926:
8895:
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8766:
8735:
8711:
8687:
8655:
8638:The Daily Star
8625:
8592:
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8503:
8477:
8451:
8425:
8399:
8377:
8345:
8319:
8289:
8271:
8253:
8226:
8200:
8174:
8144:
8114:
8088:
8062:
8036:
8006:
7983:
7958:
7955:on 6 May 2008.
7940:
7914:
7888:
7858:
7832:
7814:
7783:
7766:People's Daily
7753:
7734:
7717:People's Daily
7704:
7687:People's Daily
7674:
7657:People's Daily
7641:
7611:
7585:
7559:
7533:
7510:
7488:
7458:
7432:
7410:
7395:. 7 May 2007.
7365:
7348:New York Times
7335:
7305:
7283:
7253:
7222:
7192:
7162:
7144:
7118:
7093:
7068:
7050:
7028:
7003:
6979:
6948:
6923:
6904:
6886:
6881:People's Daily
6861:
6843:
6839:United Nations
6820:
6795:
6777:
6752:
6724:
6702:
6677:
6672:People's Daily
6659:
6654:People's Daily
6634:
6609:
6576:
6558:
6533:
6508:
6485:
6467:
6442:
6418:
6388:
6370:
6345:
6315:
6290:
6265:
6240:
6217:
6212:People's Daily
6192:
6167:
6142:
6114:The Australian
6093:
6068:
6049:
6027:
5996:
5972:
5949:
5930:
5911:
5892:
5873:
5861:
5849:
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5793:
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5748:
5722:
5675:
5643:
5616:
5590:
5581:
5568:
5559:
5540:
5520:
5501:(1): 123β133.
5485:
5454:
5415:(1): 123β133.
5395:
5362:
5313:
5265:
5250:. 4 May 2010.
5235:
5205:
5186:
5166:
5138:
5083:
5049:
5019:
4993:
4963:
4959:Neville (2018)
4951:
4921:
4910:on 24 May 2015
4891:
4868:
4845:
4819:
4807:
4792:. Al Jazeera.
4781:
4751:
4718:
4688:
4665:
4642:
4612:
4586:
4554:
4518:
4508:
4478:
4467:. 1 March 2022
4452:
4426:
4395:
4369:
4339:
4324:
4294:
4261:
4242:
4216:
4186:
4183:. 7 July 2017.
4171:
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4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3997:Breidjing Camp
3994:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3966:
3963:
3925:Samantha Power
3908:
3905:
3878:GΓ©rard Prunier
3874:
3871:
3817:Global Witness
3776:
3773:
3696:Omar al-Bashir
3639:
3636:
3580:George W. Bush
3568:Main article:
3565:
3562:
3540:In July 2009,
3482:
3479:
3455:Main article:
3452:
3449:
3421:
3418:
3344:Volker Perthes
3302:United Nations
3274:Abdalla Hamdok
3258:Masalit people
3253:
3250:
3170:
3167:
3159:European Union
3130:Main article:
3127:
3124:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3093:September 2018
3080:
3078:
3067:
3064:
3060:blister agents
3047:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3034:September 2016
3021:
3019:
3008:
3005:
2976:
2973:
2946:North Kordofan
2913:
2910:
2854:Central Darfur
2830:
2827:
2811:
2808:
2756:Main article:
2753:
2750:
2742:
2741:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2635:Khalil Ibrahim
2523:Al-Bashir and
2510:President Bush
2448:
2445:
2423:
2420:
2374:George W. Bush
2307:Pekka Haavisto
2303:European Union
2297:, head of the
2290:
2287:
2270:
2267:
2234:Jendayi Frazer
2166:European Union
2162:United Kingdom
2131:George W. Bush
2082:Main article:
2079:
2076:
1960:(AU) formed a
1941:
1938:
1930:Nuba Mountains
1838:Omar al-Bashir
1834:Chadian border
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1736:George Ayittey
1720:
1717:
1711:(SLA) and the
1691:, between the
1654:Ottoman Empire
1631:Anglo-Egyptian
1619:Egyptian Sudan
1587:Main article:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1470:United Nations
1411:Omar al-Bashir
1393:(SLM) and the
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1368:
1366:
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1320:Other articles
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1187:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1116:
1111:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1014:
997:
984:
982:prior to 2011.
970:
969:
966:
965:
926:
925:
922:
919:
915:
914:
910:
909:
902:
897:
896:
882:
881:
880:
865:
864:
860:
859:
856:
855:
854:
849:
836:
835:
834:
831:
815:
814:
811:
808:
805:
787:
786:
785:Units involved
782:
781:
742:
663:Omar al-Bashir
641:
603:Gibril Ibrahim
584:Khalil Ibrahim
561:
560:
556:
555:
535:
433:
432:
427:
422:
402:
332:
331:
321:
316:
281:
280:
267:
254:
224:
223:
219:
218:
215:
214:
213:
212:
207:
204:
192:
188:
187:
178:
176:
172:
171:
166:
158:
157:
143:
133:
127:
116:
115:
108:
107:
99:
98:
70:
68:
61:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
16725:
16714:
16711:
16709:
16706:
16704:
16701:
16699:
16696:
16694:
16691:
16689:
16686:
16684:
16681:
16679:
16676:
16674:
16671:
16669:
16666:
16664:
16663:War in Darfur
16661:
16660:
16658:
16637:
16633:
16629:
16625:
16621:
16617:
16613:
16609:
16605:
16601:
16597:
16593:
16589:
16585:
16581:
16577:
16573:
16569:
16568:
16565:
16556:
16544:
16540:
16536:
16532:
16528:
16524:
16518:
16514:
16510:
16506:
16502:
16498:
16497:
16494:
16490:
16486:
16482:
16478:
16474:
16470:
16466:
16462:
16458:
16454:
16450:
16449:
16446:
16437:
16425:
16421:
16417:
16413:
16409:
16408:Sobibor trial
16405:
16401:
16397:
16393:
16389:
16385:
16381:
16377:
16373:
16369:
16365:
16361:
16357:
16353:
16349:
16345:
16341:
16337:
16333:
16329:
16325:
16321:
16317:
16313:
16309:
16305:
16301:
16297:
16293:
16289:
16285:
16281:
16277:
16273:
16272:Belsen trials
16269:
16265:
16264:Dachau trials
16261:
16257:
16253:
16249:
16245:
16241:
16237:
16233:
16232:Kharkov trial
16229:
16225:
16221:
16220:
16217:
16211:
16205:
16202:
16198:
16191:
16187:
16184:
16180:
16177:
16176:Justification
16173:
16170:
16166:
16163:
16159:
16156:
16152:
16149:
16145:
16140:
16136:
16133:
16129:
16126:
16122:
16121:
16119:
16115:
16114:
16112:
16108:
16101:
16097:
16094:
16090:
16087:
16083:
16080:
16076:
16073:
16069:
16066:
16062:
16059:
16055:
16050:
16046:
16045:
16043:
16042:The Holocaust
16039:
16038:
16036:
16034:
16030:
16023:
16019:
16016:
16012:
16009:
16005:
16002:
16001:Death marches
15998:
15993:
15989:
15986:
15982:
15981:
15979:
15975:
15972:
15968:
15965:
15961:
15958:
15954:
15951:
15947:
15944:
15940:
15939:
15937:
15933:
15926:
15922:
15919:
15915:
15912:
15908:
15905:
15901:
15898:
15894:
15891:
15887:
15884:
15880:
15877:
15873:
15870:
15866:
15863:
15859:
15852:
15848:
15847:
15845:
15841:
15840:
15838:
15834:
15829:
15825:
15824:
15822:
15818:
15817:
15815:
15811:
15799:
15795:
15791:
15787:
15783:
15779:
15775:
15771:
15767:
15763:
15759:
15758:Iraqi Turkmen
15755:
15751:
15747:
15743:
15739:
15734:
15730:
15729:
15726:
15722:
15718:
15714:
15713:
15710:
15705:
15699:
15687:
15683:
15679:
15675:
15670:
15666:
15665:
15662:
15658:
15654:
15650:
15646:
15642:
15638:
15634:
15630:
15626:
15622:
15618:
15614:
15610:
15606:
15602:
15598:
15594:
15590:
15586:
15582:
15578:
15574:
15570:
15566:
15562:
15557:
15553:
15550:
15546:
15545:
15541:
15537:
15533:
15529:
15525:
15521:
15517:
15513:
15509:
15505:
15501:
15497:
15493:
15489:
15485:
15481:
15477:
15476:
15473:
15468:
15462:
15450:
15446:
15442:
15438:
15434:
15430:
15426:
15422:
15418:
15414:
15410:
15406:
15402:
15398:
15394:
15390:
15386:
15385:The Holocaust
15382:
15378:
15374:
15370:
15366:
15362:
15358:
15354:
15350:
15346:
15342:
15338:
15334:
15330:
15326:
15322:
15318:
15314:
15310:
15306:
15302:
15298:
15294:
15290:
15286:
15282:
15278:
15274:
15270:
15267:(1920sβ1930s)
15266:
15265:Ingrian Finns
15262:
15258:
15254:
15250:
15246:
15242:
15238:
15232:
15228:
15224:
15220:
15216:
15212:
15208:
15204:
15200:
15196:
15191:
15190:Pontic Greeks
15187:
15186:
15183:
15179:
15178:
15176:
15172:
15171:
15168:
15163:
15157:
15143:
15139:
15138:
15136:
15132:
15128:
15124:
15120:
15116:
15112:
15108:
15105:(1890sβ1900s)
15104:
15100:
15096:
15092:
15088:
15084:
15080:
15076:
15072:
15068:
15064:
15060:
15056:
15052:
15046:
15042:
15038:
15034:
15030:
15026:
15022:
15018:
15017:
15015:
15011:
15007:
15003:
14999:
14995:
14989:
14985:
14981:
14977:
14976:
14974:
14970:
14966:
14962:
14958:
14954:
14950:
14946:
14942:
14938:
14932:
14928:
14925:(1700sβ1800s)
14924:
14920:
14919:
14917:
14913:
14909:
14905:
14901:
14897:
14893:
14889:
14885:
14881:
14877:
14873:
14869:
14865:
14861:
14857:
14853:
14849:
14845:
14841:
14837:
14833:
14832:
14829:
14824:
14818:
14806:
14802:
14798:
14794:
14790:
14786:
14782:
14778:
14775:(1200sβ1360s)
14774:
14770:
14766:
14762:
14758:
14754:
14750:
14746:
14741:
14737:
14736:
14733:
14729:
14725:
14721:
14717:
14713:
14712:
14709:
14704:
14698:
14695:
14692:
14687:
14683:
14679:
14672:
14667:
14665:
14660:
14658:
14653:
14652:
14649:
14637:
14634:
14632:
14629:
14627:
14624:
14622:
14621:War on terror
14619:
14618:
14616:
14612:
14600:
14597:
14594:
14591:
14590:
14588:
14585:
14582:
14579:
14576:
14575:
14573:
14569:
14562:
14559:
14557:
14554:
14551:
14548:
14547:
14545:
14541:
14538:
14536:
14532:
14520:
14517:
14515:
14512:
14511:
14509:
14507:
14504:
14502:
14499:
14497:
14494:
14491:
14488:
14485:
14481:
14478:
14477:
14475:
14471:
14464:
14461:
14458:
14455:
14452:
14449:
14448:
14446:
14442:
14435:
14432:
14429:
14426:
14423:
14422:Heglig Crisis
14420:
14417:
14414:
14411:
14408:
14405:
14404:War in Darfur
14402:
14399:
14396:
14395:
14393:
14389:
14383:
14380:
14377:
14374:
14372:
14369:
14367:
14364:
14361:
14360:Heglig Crisis
14358:
14357:
14355:
14351:
14344:
14341:
14338:
14335:
14332:
14331:Kenyan crisis
14329:
14326:
14323:
14320:
14317:
14315:
14312:
14311:
14309:
14305:
14299:
14296:
14292:
14289:
14287:
14284:
14282:
14279:
14278:
14277:
14274:
14271:
14268:
14267:
14265:
14261:
14253:
14252:War in Amhara
14250:
14248:
14245:
14243:
14240:
14238:
14235:
14233:
14230:
14229:
14228:
14225:
14221:
14218:
14217:
14215:
14212:
14209:
14206:
14203:
14200:
14196:
14193:
14192:
14191:
14188:
14187:
14185:
14181:
14178:
14176:
14172:
14161:
14158:
14155:
14152:
14150:
14147:
14146:
14144:
14140:
14132:
14129:
14128:
14126:
14123:
14121:
14118:
14117:
14115:
14111:
14103:
14100:
14099:
14098:
14095:
14092:
14089:
14088:
14086:
14080:
14073:
14070:
14067:
14064:
14060:
14057:
14055:
14052:
14051:
14049:
14048:
14046:
14040:
14033:
14030:
14027:
14024:
14020:
14017:
14015:
14012:
14011:
14009:
14006:
14003:
14000:
13997:
13994:
13991:
13990:Kivu conflict
13988:
13985:
13982:
13979:
13976:
13973:
13970:
13967:
13964:
13963:
13961:
13957:
13950:
13947:
13944:
13941:
13940:
13938:
13934:
13931:
13929:
13925:
13914:
13911:
13907:
13904:
13903:
13902:
13899:
13896:
13893:
13890:
13887:
13884:
13881:
13880:
13878:
13874:
13866:
13863:
13861:
13858:
13857:
13855:
13854:
13852:
13850:CΓ΄te d'Ivoire
13848:
13840:
13837:
13835:
13832:
13831:
13829:
13828:
13826:
13822:
13816:
13813:
13811:
13808:
13807:
13805:
13801:
13794:
13791:
13787:
13784:
13782:
13779:
13777:
13774:
13773:
13771:
13770:
13768:
13764:
13757:
13754:
13750:
13749:2016 conflict
13747:
13746:
13744:
13741:
13738:
13735:
13733:
13730:
13726:
13723:
13722:
13720:
13717:
13716:
13714:
13710:
13707:
13705:
13701:
13690:
13687:
13685:
13682:
13679:
13676:
13675:
13673:
13669:
13661:
13658:
13656:
13653:
13652:
13650:
13647:
13646:
13644:
13640:
13632:
13629:
13627:
13624:
13622:
13619:
13618:
13617:
13616:Libyan crisis
13614:
13612:
13609:
13608:
13606:
13602:
13595:
13592:
13589:
13586:
13583:
13580:
13578:
13575:
13572:
13569:
13568:
13566:
13562:
13559:
13557:
13553:
13549:
13546:
13538:
13533:
13531:
13526:
13524:
13519:
13518:
13515:
13503:
13500:
13499:
13494:
13490:
13489:
13485:
13475:
13472:
13470:
13467:
13465:
13462:
13460:
13457:
13455:
13452:
13450:
13447:
13443:
13440:
13439:
13438:
13435:
13433:
13430:
13428:
13425:
13423:
13420:
13418:
13415:
13413:
13410:
13408:
13405:
13404:
13402:
13400:
13396:
13390:
13387:
13383:
13380:
13379:
13378:
13375:
13373:
13370:
13368:
13365:
13363:
13360:
13358:
13355:
13353:
13350:
13348:
13345:
13343:
13340:
13336:
13333:
13332:
13331:
13330:Ethnic groups
13328:
13326:
13323:
13321:
13318:
13314:
13311:
13309:
13306:
13305:
13304:
13301:
13300:
13297:
13294:
13292:
13288:
13278:
13275:
13273:
13270:
13268:
13265:
13263:
13257:
13255:
13252:
13250:
13244:
13242:
13239:
13235:
13232:
13231:
13230:
13227:
13225:
13222:
13221:
13218:
13215:
13213:
13209:
13199:
13196:
13194:
13191:
13189:
13186:
13184:
13181:
13179:
13176:
13174:
13171:
13169:
13166:
13163:
13159:
13156:
13153:
13149:
13146:
13144:
13141:
13139:
13136:
13134:
13131:
13129:
13126:
13124:
13121:
13119:
13116:
13114:
13111:
13110:
13107:
13104:
13102:
13098:
13088:
13085:
13083:
13080:
13079:
13070:
13067:
13065:
13064:West Kordofan
13062:
13060:
13057:
13055:
13052:
13050:
13047:
13045:
13042:
13040:
13037:
13035:
13032:
13030:
13027:
13025:
13022:
13020:
13017:
13015:
13012:
13010:
13007:
13005:
13002:
13000:
12997:
12995:
12992:
12990:
12987:
12985:
12982:
12981:
12979:
12977:
12973:
12963:
12960:
12958:
12955:
12954:
12952:
12950:
12946:
12938:
12935:
12933:
12930:
12928:
12925:
12923:
12920:
12918:
12915:
12913:
12910:
12908:
12905:
12904:
12903:
12900:
12898:
12895:
12893:
12890:
12888:
12885:
12883:
12880:
12878:
12875:
12873:
12870:
12869:
12866:
12863:
12861:
12857:
12845:
12842:
12840:
12837:
12835:
12834:Peace process
12832:
12831:
12830:
12827:
12825:
12822:
12820:
12817:
12815:
12812:
12810:
12807:
12805:
12802:
12800:
12797:
12795:
12794:War in Darfur
12792:
12790:
12787:
12785:
12782:
12780:
12777:
12775:
12772:
12770:
12767:
12765:
12762:
12760:
12757:
12755:
12752:
12750:
12747:
12745:
12742:
12740:
12737:
12735:
12732:
12730:
12727:
12723:
12720:
12719:
12718:
12715:
12713:
12710:
12708:
12705:
12703:
12700:
12698:
12695:
12693:
12690:
12688:
12685:
12683:
12680:
12679:
12676:
12673:
12671:
12667:
12662:
12655:
12650:
12648:
12643:
12641:
12636:
12635:
12632:
12626:
12623:
12620:
12615:
12611:
12610:
12600:
12594:
12590:
12586:
12585:New York City
12582:
12578:
12577:
12571:
12567:
12561:
12557:
12553:
12552:
12547:
12542:
12538:
12532:
12528:
12523:
12522:
12501:
12497:
12491:
12476:
12472:
12471:
12463:
12447:
12443:
12439:
12433:
12417:
12413:
12409:
12403:
12396:
12395:
12390:
12386:
12383:
12378:
12371:
12367:
12363:
12360:
12355:
12336:
12329:
12323:
12307:
12303:
12299:
12293:
12286:
12282:
12279:
12265:
12261:
12246:
12242:
12227:
12223:
12219:
12213:
12205:
12201:
12200:
12195:
12180:
12176:
12172:
12165:
12158:
12154:
12148:
12132:
12128:
12124:
12109:
12105:
12100:
12095:
12091:
12085:
12069:
12065:
12059:
12043:
12039:
12035:
12029:
12021:
12017:
12011:
12000:
11993:
11986:
11970:
11966:
11962:
11956:
11941:on 5 May 2006
11940:
11936:
11930:
11922:
11918:
11914:
11898:
11894:
11893:
11888:
11881:
11879:
11870:
11866:
11862:
11856:
11840:
11836:
11830:
11823:
11819:
11815:
11812:
11807:
11800:
11796:
11792:
11789:
11784:
11777:
11773:
11769:
11766:
11761:
11753:
11749:
11745:
11738:
11722:
11718:
11717:
11712:
11706:
11687:
11683:
11676:
11670:
11654:
11650:
11646:
11639:
11623:
11619:
11615:
11609:
11593:
11589:
11573:
11569:
11565:
11558:
11542:
11538:
11531:
11515:
11511:
11510:Sudan Tribune
11507:
11501:
11485:
11481:
11477:
11471:
11455:
11451:
11447:
11440:
11424:
11420:
11416:
11410:
11394:
11390:
11386:
11379:
11363:
11359:
11355:
11349:
11341:
11337:
11331:
11315:
11311:
11305:
11298:
11294:
11290:
11287:
11281:
11275:, 5 June 2008
11274:
11270:
11267:
11262:
11256:
11237:
11230:
11224:
11217:
11212:
11204:
11198:
11179:
11172:
11165:
11161:
11156:
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10934:
10919:on 4 May 2008
10918:
10914:
10910:
10909:de Waal, Alex
10904:
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10615:The Raw Story
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9571:reliefweb.int
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9119:aljazeera.com
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8969:reliefweb.int
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8939:Radio Dabanga
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8608:Sudan Tribune
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8390:Sudan Tribune
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8002:Sudan Tribune
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7978:Sudan Tribune
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7823:"Yahoo! News"
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7175:The Economist
7172:
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7132:
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7122:
7115:
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7113:Sudan Tribune
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7023:Sudan Tribune
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6971:Archived copy
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6601:Archived copy
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5896:
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5882:
5877:
5870:
5865:
5858:
5853:
5847:, p. 99.
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5609:
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5577:The Economist
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5295:(in Arabic).
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5071:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5058:de Waal, Alex
5053:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5023:
5007:
5003:
4997:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4967:
4961:, p. 20.
4960:
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4909:
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4764:Sudan Tribune
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4755:
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4706:
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4701:Sudan Tribune
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4352:Sudan Tribune
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4343:
4337:, p. 86.
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4257:archive.today
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4199:Radio Dabanga
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3979:Africa portal
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3918:Edet Belzberg
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3897:The Holocaust
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2927:Ashma village
2918:
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2903:Minni Minnawi
2899:
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2873:Paul Williams
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2202:
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2135:May agreement
2132:
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2127:Minni Minnawi
2124:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2106:African Union
2103:
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2045:
2041:
2040:and disease.
2039:
2035:
2031:
2030:Yugoslav wars
2027:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1958:African Union
1955:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1890:Major General
1886:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1865:
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1859:
1855:
1851:
1848:sponsored by
1847:
1843:
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1364:
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563:
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16517:Ratko MladiΔ
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16384:Belzec trial
16148:Genocide law
16008:Death squads
15918:Mass killing
15828:Autogenocide
15704:21st century
15467:1946 to 1999
15339:(1935β1945)
15297:Libyan Arabs
15162:1913 to 1945
14823:1490 to 1913
14482: /
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14216:(2000β2018)
14044:of the Congo
13803:Sierra Leone
13556:North Africa
13412:Architecture
13320:Demographics
13234:Central Bank
13148:Human rights
13123:Constitution
13049:South Darfur
13019:North Darfur
12793:
12702:Islamization
12575:
12550:
12526:
12519:Bibliography
12504:. Retrieved
12490:
12479:, retrieved
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12070:. 9 May 2007
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12020:the original
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11921:the original
11917:Boston Globe
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11829:
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1856:. The rebel
1831:
1778:Alex de Waal
1775:
1761:Irwin Cotler
1745:
1730:
1722:
1705:rebel groups
1681:Water access
1670:
1623:Slatin Pasha
1592:
1524:
1515:
1500:
1492:
1488:Colin Powell
1431:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1334:Bibliography
1225:
1142:
1119:
1082:Torit mutiny
1017:
1000:
987:
974:
949:
948:
930:
929:
904:
898:
892:
885:
884:
876:
869:
868:
838:
816:
790:
744:
709:Ahmed Haroun
677:(until 2017)
643:
589:
564:
472:(since 2011)
456:
434:
404:
400:(until 2015)
386:(until 2011)
374:(until 2008)
334:
333:
282:
253:(since 2003)
227:
222:Belligerents
203:(Until 2020)
194:
89:
78:
72:
16630:(2023β2024)
16598:(2020β2021)
16545:(1999β2015)
16537:(1997β2022)
16529:(1994β2015)
16519:(2011β2017)
16511:(2008β2016)
16503:(2002β2006)
16495:(1993β2017)
16487:(1993β2007)
16479:(1946β1948)
16463:(1946β1948)
16453:Budak trial
16424:Finta trial
16410:(1965β1966)
16402:(1964β1970)
16394:(1963β1989)
16386:(1963β1965)
16370:(1961β1962)
16346:(1946β1949)
16338:(1946β1948)
16330:(1946β1948)
16322:(1946β1953)
16314:(1946β1947)
16298:(1945β1946)
16296:Minsk trial
16290:(1945β1946)
16282:(1945β1949)
16274:(1945β1948)
16266:(1945β1947)
16258:(1945β2001)
16250:(1944β1989)
16242:(1944β1951)
16212:(1943β2022)
16118:Definitions
15768:(2014β2017)
15760:(2014β2017)
15752:(2011β2023)
15719:(2002β2003)
15688:(1996β1997)
15663:(1992β1995)
15655:(1991β2003)
15639:(1987β2002)
15631:(1987β1989)
15623:(1986β1989)
15607:(1983β1987)
15605:Gukurahundi
15599:(1983β2009)
15583:(1977β1997)
15575:(1975β1979)
15567:(1974β1999)
15530:(1970β2003)
15528:Feyli Kurds
15522:(1966β1970)
15498:(1962β1996)
15490:(1956β1989)
15451:(1944β1948)
15443:(1944β1948)
15435:(1943β1945)
15427:(1942β1945)
15411:(1941β1945)
15403:(1941β1945)
15395:(1941β1945)
15387:(1941β1945)
15379:(1940β1942)
15371:(1939β1945)
15363:(1937β1938)
15347:(1937β1938)
15323:(1932β1933)
15307:(1930β1933)
15299:(1929β1932)
15291:(1926β1973)
15259:(1919β1933)
15251:(1918β1931)
15243:(1916β1917)
15233:(1916β1934)
15217:(1915β1917)
15209:(1915β1919)
15184:(1913β1922)
15144:(1912β1913)
15129:(1905β1907)
15121:(1904β1907)
15113:(1894β1896)
15097:(1888β1893)
15089:(1879β1913)
15079:Circassians
15073:(1850β1864)
15039:(1846β1873)
15031:(1830β1850)
15023:(1830β1847)
14990:(1869β1977)
14982:(1825β1832)
14967:(1785β2017)
14933:(1874β1996)
14910:(1648β1657)
14902:(1640β1649)
14894:(1636β1638)
14862:(1548β1872)
14838:(1492β1514)
14807:(1402β1496)
14799:(1393β1394)
14783:(1209β1229)
14767:(1069β1070)
14703:Before 1490
14631:Arab Winter
14626:Arab Spring
14595:(1998β1999)
14586:(1994β1999)
14552:(1977β1992)
14492:(1991β1994)
14486:(1990β1994)
14430:(2022β2023)
14418:(2011β2020)
14406:(2003β2020)
14400:(1983β2005)
14378:(2013β2020)
14353:South Sudan
14339:(2012β2013)
14333:(2007β2008)
14210:(1995β2018)
14204:(1994β2018)
14175:East Africa
14093:(2004β2007)
14074:(2016β2017)
14068:(2002β2003)
14050:Civil wars
14034:(2016β2019)
14028:(2013β2018)
13986:(1999β2007)
13980:(1998β2003)
13968:(1996β1997)
13949:Cabinda War
13945:(1975β2002)
13885:(1998β1999)
13704:West Africa
13691:(2010β2011)
13680:(1991β2002)
13590:(2013β2014)
13573:(2011β2014)
13469:Photography
13464:Decorations
13224:Agriculture
13152:LGBT rights
13113:Ambassadors
13059:West Darfur
13004:East Darfur
12922:Butterflies
12749:Nimeiry Era
12452:22 November
12422:22 November
12312:18 February
11578:23 February
11145:18 February
11104:19 February
10998:Eric Reeves
10719:30 November
10463:19 February
10152:27 February
9913:27 February
9882:27 February
9872:news.un.org
9852:20 February
9821:19 February
9791:19 February
9761:20 February
9731:18 February
9721:news.un.org
9701:18 February
9671:18 February
9641:15 February
9611:15 February
9493:19 February
9463:17 February
9433:17 February
9403:15 February
9373:15 February
9343:17 February
9333:news.un.org
9249:15 February
9069:29 December
8858:18 December
8819:18 November
8789:18 November
8444:11 November
8418:11 November
8193:18 February
8004:10 May 2008
7981:10 May 2008
7378:PR Newswire
7358:23 February
6790:Toronto Sun
5478:13 December
4800:28 February
4445:31 December
4419:31 December
4388:31 December
4286:24 November
4235:31 December
4164:10 December
4092:Team Darfur
3813:Sarah Wykes
3761:Arab League
3730:, and some
3681:Ali Kushayb
3515:Jan Egeland
3325:West Darfur
3266:West Darfur
3175:Ali Kushayb
3056:mustard gas
2933:capital of
2624:South Sudan
2620:John Garang
2529:Idriss DΓ©by
2491:Ali Kushayb
2411: [
2282:Idriss DΓ©by
2197:HΓ©di Annabi
2182:Netherlands
2170:Arab League
2119:, Nigeria.
2057:John Garang
1822:Jebel Marra
1635:Mahdist War
1496:South Sudan
1120:Thunderbolt
991:Signed the
698:Ali Kushayb
687:Hamid Dawai
554:(2007β2020)
361:(2005β2010)
347:South Sudan
303:(from 2017)
298:(from 2014)
16708:Proxy wars
16657:Categories
16304:Riga trial
16155:Prevention
16100:Indigenous
16015:Incitement
15883:Gendercide
15844:Classicide
15837:Politicide
15798:Gaza Strip
15565:East Timor
15536:Bangladesh
15496:Guatemalan
15417:Sook Ching
15313:La Matanza
15037:California
14749:Bar Kokhba
14543:Mozambique
14247:Tigray war
13449:Literature
13335:minorities
13261:(currency)
13178:Parliament
13133:Corruption
13069:White Nile
13039:River Nile
12989:Al Qadarif
12506:22 January
12481:27 October
12412:PopMatters
12094:Mia Farrow
11065:The Lancet
10701:Curry, Ann
10453:Al Jazeera
10142:Al Jazeera
9929:"CityNews"
9811:Al Jazeera
9781:Al Jazeera
9551:25 January
9519:25 January
9363:Al Jazeera
9313:18 January
9281:18 January
9219:18 January
9129:17 January
9099:17 January
8725:Yahoo News
6338:8 November
5378:Al Jazeera
5108:14 January
5076:13 January
5068:. London.
4362:8 December
4335:Debos 2016
4317:22 January
4209:7 December
4130:References
4120:technicals
3987:Banu Hilal
3899:, and the
3867:PetroChina
3689:war crimes
3642:See also:
3610:, and the
3557:The Lancet
3505:starvation
3329:El Geneina
3289:Port Sudan
3206:(SPLMβN).
2799:White Nile
2673:combatants
2616:Fur people
2544:think-tank
2469:New Mexico
2273:See also:
2209:Sima Samar
2176:, Canada,
2151:referendum
2038:starvation
2018:Kofi Annan
1854:Port Sudan
1734:economist
1615:Arabicized
1611:Banu Hilal
1419:war crimes
1385:region of
1287:Combatants
901:<25,000
899:Janjaweed:
675:Musa Hilal
632:Musa Hilal
330:JEM (Jali)
195:Stalemate
141:and allies
16093:Cambodian
16086:Holodomor
15978:Massacres
15862:Ethnocide
15851:Eliticide
15573:Cambodian
15321:Holodomor
15215:Armenians
15207:Assyrians
14980:Black War
14868:Huguenots
14751:(132β136)
14734:(50s BCE)
14718:(146 BCE)
14686:Genocides
14376:Civil War
14059:1997β1999
14054:1993β1994
14010:conflict
13865:2010β2011
13860:2002β2007
13839:1999β2003
13834:1989β1996
13781:2007β2009
13776:1990β1995
13372:Squatting
13347:Languages
13325:Education
13277:Transport
13241:Companies
13188:President
13138:Elections
13082:Districts
12994:Blue Nile
12892:Volcanoes
12882:Mountains
12860:Geography
12814:2019 coup
12784:1989 coup
12769:1985 coup
12744:1969 coup
12739:1958 coup
12556:Zed Books
12344:14 August
12270:14 August
12251:14 August
12232:14 August
12137:3 October
11975:6 January
11845:2 October
11628:2 October
11320:2 October
11245:13 August
11167: PDF
10867:3 October
10822:3 October
10652:2 October
10625:2 October
9751:Arab News
9453:Arab News
9239:Arab News
9039:4 October
9009:4 October
8979:4 October
8919:4 October
8848:0261-3077
8759:1 October
8648:12 August
8618:12 August
8585:12 August
8548:14 August
8522:14 August
8496:14 August
8470:14 August
8370:2 October
8338:3 October
8246:14 August
8167:2 October
8137:2 October
8107:2 October
8081:14 August
8055:2 October
8029:14 August
7393:ReliefWeb
7276:3 October
6438:S/PV/5519
6411:1 October
5968:N'Djamena
5818:14 August
5429:0015-7120
5388:31 August
5355:10 August
4307:Bloomberg
3931:, former
3901:Cambodian
3783:In 2007,
3752:The Hague
3708:ethnicity
3281:Beni Amer
3058:or other
2982:Al-Fashir
2961:Misseriya
2942:Um Rawaba
2738:Fur tribe
2729:violence.
2518:sanctions
2392:Jan Pronk
2355:Janjaweed
2263:Slovenian
2247:, a U.S.
1946:N'Djamena
1940:2004β2005
1913:Janjaweed
1881:Al-Fashir
1869:Janjaweed
1802:Janjaweed
1790:Abu Gamra
1772:Beginning
1753:. Former
1751:Apartheid
1725:apartheid
1697:Christian
1656:amid the
1642:Ali Dinar
1607:sultanate
1550:SLM/A/A:
1434:Janjaweed
1311:Janjaweed
1190:2021 coup
1185:2019 coup
1114:1989 coup
1109:1985 coup
1097:1969 coup
1087:1958 coup
964:estimate)
960:450,000 (
958:estimate)
944:estimate)
938:estimate)
934:300,000 (
813:SLA-Unity
425:Janjaweed
315:SLA-Unity
279:(2010β11)
16058:Armenian
15925:Domicide
15904:Policide
15876:Eugenics
15821:Democide
15790:Rohingya
15433:Volhynia
15257:Cossacks
15103:Selk'nam
14965:Chechens
14957:Dzungars
14884:Lameyans
14876:Kalinago
14846:(1500sβ)
14805:Guanches
14740:Eburones
14726:(88 BCE)
14678:Genocide
14484:genocide
14183:Ethiopia
14091:Bush War
14084:Republic
14072:Pool War
14042:Republic
13959:DR Congo
13793:Mali War
13545:Cold War
13502:Category
13427:Clothing
13362:Religion
13357:Refugees
13308:Polygamy
13303:Marriage
13267:Taxation
13168:Military
13158:Islamism
13101:Politics
13029:Northern
13014:Khartoum
12937:Reptiles
12897:Wildlife
12712:Mahdiyya
12697:Medieval
12682:Timeline
12548:(2005).
12500:Archived
12475:archived
12446:Archived
12416:Archived
12385:Archived
12362:Archived
12281:Archived
12264:Archived
12222:AlertNet
12199:Fox News
12179:Archived
12175:BBC News
12131:Archived
12114:8 August
12108:Archived
12042:Archived
12038:BBC News
11999:Archived
11969:Archived
11965:BBC News
11897:Archived
11839:Archived
11814:Archived
11791:Archived
11768:Archived
11686:Archived
11592:Archived
11572:Archived
11547:8 August
11541:Archived
11520:24 March
11514:Archived
11484:Archived
11480:CBC News
11393:Archived
11389:BBC News
11362:Archived
11289:Archived
11269:Archived
11255:cite web
11197:cite web
11098:Archived
11094:24643946
11086:20109956
11039:Archived
11021:22 April
11015:Archived
10991:Archived
10955:24 March
10946:Archived
10923:24 March
10893:24 March
10861:Archived
10816:Archived
10770:Archived
10740:Archived
10713:Archived
10709:NBC News
10679:Archived
10646:Archived
10619:Archived
10575:Archived
10551:Archived
10546:ABC News
10519:Archived
10487:Archived
10457:Archived
10427:Archived
10396:Archived
10366:Archived
10336:Archived
10310:Archived
10280:Archived
10254:Archived
10234:30 April
10228:Archived
10204:30 April
10198:Archived
10178:30 April
10172:Archived
10146:Archived
10122:19 April
10116:Archived
10086:Archived
10062:19 April
10056:Archived
10025:Archived
9995:Archived
9975:13 April
9969:Archived
9964:ABC News
9937:Archived
9907:Archived
9903:VOA News
9876:Archived
9846:Archived
9815:Archived
9785:Archived
9755:Archived
9725:Archived
9695:Archived
9665:Archived
9635:Archived
9631:VOA News
9605:Archived
9601:VOA News
9581:29 March
9575:Archived
9545:Archived
9513:Archived
9487:Archived
9457:Archived
9427:Archived
9397:Archived
9367:Archived
9337:Archived
9302:ABC News
9270:ABC News
9243:Archived
9213:Archived
9183:Archived
9153:Archived
9123:Archived
9093:Archived
9033:Archived
9003:Archived
8973:Archived
8943:Archived
8882:Archived
8878:ABC News
8852:Archived
8813:Archived
8783:Archived
8753:Archived
8674:Archived
8642:Archived
8612:Archived
8579:Archived
8542:Archived
8516:Archived
8490:Archived
8464:Archived
8361:Archived
8332:Archived
8219:25 March
8161:Archived
8131:Archived
8101:Archived
8075:Archived
8049:Archived
8023:Archived
8019:BBC News
7994:Archived
7969:Archived
7927:Archived
7901:Archived
7875:Archived
7871:BBC News
7845:Archived
7801:Archived
7797:BBC News
7770:Archived
7721:Archived
7691:Archived
7661:Archived
7598:Archived
7572:Archived
7546:Archived
7475:Archived
7471:BBC News
7445:Archived
7397:Archived
7352:Archived
7322:Archived
7270:Archived
7266:BBC News
7240:Archived
7209:Archived
7205:BBC News
7179:Archived
7157:LA Times
7137:24 March
7131:Archived
7104:Archived
7088:BBC News
7079:Archived
7014:Archived
6959:Archived
6915:Archived
6872:Archived
6831:Archived
6806:Archived
6763:Archived
6738:Archived
6688:Archived
6645:Archived
6620:Archived
6587:Archived
6544:Archived
6519:Archived
6496:Archived
6453:Archived
6405:Archived
6383:NBC News
6356:Archived
6332:Archived
6301:Archived
6276:Archived
6251:Archived
6228:Archived
6203:Archived
6178:Archived
6153:Archived
6060:Archived
6040:BBC News
6014:Archived
5960:Archived
5941:Archived
5922:Archived
5903:Archived
5884:Archived
5809:Archived
5786:23 March
5780:Archived
5755:19 March
5715:23 March
5709:Archived
5687:19 March
5681:Archived
5655:19 March
5649:Archived
5623:19 March
5552:19 March
5546:Archived
5515:20034212
5472:Archived
5447:23 March
5441:Archived
5437:20034212
5382:Archived
5306:5 August
5297:Archived
5252:Archived
5248:BBC News
5222:Archived
5218:BBC News
5198:19 March
5192:Archived
5159:Archived
5070:Archived
5042:24 April
5036:Archived
5012:24 March
5006:Archived
4986:24 March
4980:Archived
4976:BBC News
4938:Archived
4879:Archived
4856:Archived
4838:27 March
4832:Archived
4794:Archived
4768:Archived
4738:Archived
4705:Archived
4676:Archived
4653:Archived
4629:Archived
4605:24 March
4599:Archived
4579:11 April
4573:Archived
4541:Archived
4495:Archived
4439:Archived
4413:Archived
4382:Archived
4356:Archived
4311:Archived
4280:Archived
4253:Archived
4229:Archived
4203:Archived
4155:Archived
3965:See also
3800:The NGO
3700:genocide
3414:Um Dafuq
3333:VOA News
2957:Rezeigat
2862:Ed Daein
2858:Zalingei
2783:Khartoum
2779:Omdurman
2771:Sudanese
2663:season.
2650:Khartoum
2637:(of the
2565:BBC News
2432:Lam Akol
2366:Joy Ogwu
2241:Khartoum
2180:and the
2108:), U.S.
1983:troops.
1981:Nigerian
1906:Kordofan
1806:Khartoum
1755:Canadian
1593:Darfur,
1567:UNAMID:
1468:and the
1450:Rizeigat
1442:Arabized
1415:genocide
1250:Genocide
1245:Timeline
995:in 2011.
940:10,000 (
888:109,300
872:60,000
863:Strength
640:) (SARC)
628:(SLA-MM)
616:(SLA-AW)
175:Location
111:Part of
16622:(2023β)
16614:(2022β)
16606:(2022β)
16590:(2019β)
16582:(2012β)
16574:(2005β)
16079:Rwandan
16072:Bosnian
16065:Serbian
15992:Pogroms
15935:Methods
15800:(2023β)
15792:(2017β)
15784:(2014β)
15776:(2014β)
15766:Yazidis
15744:(2003β)
15727:(2003β)
15678:Rwandan
15661:Bosnian
15653:Ahwaris
15647:(1990β)
15615:(1985β)
15543:Burundi
15305:Kazakhs
15095:Hazaras
15081:(1860s)
15071:Manchus
15063:Moriori
15055:CharrΓΊa
14959:(1750s)
14923:Beothuk
14892:Pequots
14854:(1500β)
14797:Assyria
14781:Cathars
14263:Somalia
13824:Liberia
13712:Nigeria
13493:Outline
13442:History
13399:Culture
13377:Toilets
13367:Slavery
13291:Society
13229:Banking
13212:Economy
13118:Cabinet
13034:Red Sea
13009:Kassala
12907:Mammals
12872:Geology
12722:History
12670:History
12185:17 June
12048:17 June
11903:6 April
11820:(PDF).
11797:(PDF).
11774:(PDF).
11695:20 June
11659:9 March
11590:. TNR.
11539:. WSJ.
11490:15 July
11460:15 July
11429:15 July
11419:Reuters
11399:15 July
11368:28 July
11284:Staff,
11162:at the
10814:. BBC.
10746:30 June
10493:7 April
10433:7 April
10402:7 April
10362:Dabanga
10342:7 April
10306:Dabanga
10286:7 April
10260:7 April
10224:Dabanga
10021:Dabanga
9943:7 April
9209:Reuters
9189:7 April
9159:7 April
9059:Reuters
9029:Reuters
8909:Reuters
8809:UN News
8669:Reuters
8302:Reuters
7933:17 June
7907:17 June
7851:17 June
7776:17 June
7727:17 June
7697:17 June
7667:17 June
7604:17 June
7578:17 June
7552:17 June
7481:17 June
7451:17 June
7423:Reuters
7403:17 June
7328:17 June
7215:17 June
7185:17 June
6975:WebCite
6967:Reuters
6938:Reuters
6772:Reuters
6747:Reuters
6697:Reuters
6629:Reuters
6605:WebCite
6596:Reuters
6571:Reuters
6436:.
6401:Reuters
6324:"Sudan"
5258:11 July
5228:11 July
5131:16 July
4944:12 July
4930:"Sudan"
4830:. GFP.
4744:20 July
4625:Reuters
4568:Reuters
4547:24 June
4471:7 April
4275:YouTube
3840:Ukraine
3370:Geneina
3238:Masalit
2856:around
2764:Chadian
2661:Ramadan
2555:Gereida
2457:Geneina
2381:of 2006
2147:federal
1990:issued
1977:Rwandan
1921:Masalit
1917:Baggara
1885:Antonov
1850:Eritrea
1788:met in
1782:Zaghawa
1767:History
1701:animist
1677:nomadic
1646:British
1625:to the
1555:SLM/A:
1462:Masalit
1458:Zaghawa
1446:Bedouin
1438:militia
1425:by the
921:Unknown
918:Unknown
905:UNAMID:
634: (
590:†
520:Belarus
372:Eritrea
85:discuss
16638:(2024)
16471:(1946)
16455:(1945)
16426:(1994)
16418:(1986)
16378:(1961)
16362:(1958)
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