8497:
2269:
8605:
3022:
8485:
8545:
3096:) demonstrated that Dominion governments might no longer subordinate their own national interests to British strategic perspectives. To ensure that Australia had full legal power to act independently, particularly in relation to foreign affairs, defence industry and military operations, and to validate its past independent action in these areas, Australia formally adopted the Statute of Westminster in October 1942 and backdated the adoption to the start of the war in September 1939.
2920:
1475:
8581:
8593:
8533:
1707:
powers and lobby for new ones than the various colonies they incorporated could have done separately. They provided a new model which politicians in New
Zealand, Newfoundland, South Africa, Ireland, India, Malaysia could point to for their own relationship with Britain. Ultimately, " example of a peaceful accession to independence with a Westminster system of government came to be followed by 50 countries with a combined population of more than 2-billion people."
818:
8007:
8569:
8473:
1630:
Dominion legislation on those topics for approval by the
British Government. Also, the Colonial Stock Act of 1900 provided for the disallowance of any Dominion legislation the British government felt would harm British stockholders of Dominion trustee securities. Most importantly, however, the British Parliament could exercise the legal right of supremacy that it possessed over common law to pass any legislation on any matter affecting the colonies.
8557:
8017:
1119:
8461:
1761:
1253:, have not been repealed in both the United Kingdom and historic Dominions such as Canada. The term "within the crown's dominions" continues to apply in British law to those territories in which the British monarch remains head of state, and the term "self-governing dominion" is used in some legislation. When a territory ceases to recognise the monarch as head of state, this status is changed by statute. Thus, for example, the British
8633:
3140:. This formally signalled the end of the former dependencies' common constitutional connection to the British Crown. India also adopted a republican constitution in January 1950. Unlike many dependencies that became republics, Ireland never re-joined the Commonwealth, which agreed to accept the British monarch as head of that association of independent states (although most of the individual countries had become republics).
1016:
8521:
3419:
wanting to allow entry to white people from the old
Commonwealth, the government did not want to appear racist in any plans to restrict immigration from elsewhere in the empire and Commonwealth as governments of the newly emerging black Commonwealth took offence at moves to restrict movement to Britain from their respective countries while not applying the same rules to those from the white Commonwealth.
947:, recognising Great Britain and the Dominions as "autonomous communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the Crown and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations". Their full legislative independence was subsequently confirmed in the 1931
8509:
2302:), and describes the resulting political union. Specifically, the preamble of the act states: "Whereas the Provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick have expressed their Desire to be federally united into One Dominion under the Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with a Constitution similar in Principle to that of the United Kingdom
5539:(Act no. 56 of 1942). The long title for the Act was "To remove Doubts as to the Validity of certain Commonwealth Legislation, to obviate Delays occurring in its Passage, and to effect certain related purposes, by adopting certain Sections of the Statute of Westminster, 1931, as from the Commencement of the War between His Majesty the King and Germany." Link:
2996:. Rhodesia continued with its Dominion-style constitution until 1970, and continued to issue British passports to its citizens. The Rhodesian government continued to profess its loyalty to the Sovereign, despite being in a state of rebellion against Her Majesty's Government in London, until 1970, when it adopted a republican constitution following a
3065:, in Speeches and Documents on the British Dominions 1918β1931, stated that "the Dominions are sovereign international States in the sense that the King in respect of each of His Dominions (Newfoundland excepted) is such a State in the eyes of international law". After then, those countries that were previously referred to as "Dominions" became
1725:(1899β1902). The self-governing colonies contributed significantly to British efforts to stem the insurrection, but ensured that they set the conditions for participation in these wars. Colonial governments repeatedly acted to ensure that they determined the extent of their participation in imperial wars in the military build-up to the
1702:
explicit recognition. Canada's passage from being an integral part of the
British Empire to being an independent member of the Commonwealth richly illustrates the way in which fundamental constitutional rules have evolved through the interaction of constitutional convention, international law, and municipal statute and case law.
1697:
then full independence for Canada and other possessions of the
British Empire did not occur by the granting of titles or similar recognition by the British Parliament but by initiatives taken by the new governments of certain former British dependencies to assert their independence and to establish constitutional precedents.
1249:, the status of "Dominion" ceased to exist on January 1, 1949, when it was decided that each Dominion would enact laws pertaining to its own citizenship. However, "Dominion status" itself never ceased to exist within the greater scope of British law, because acts pertaining to "Dominion status", such as the
5111:
of the Irish Free State: "MOST GRACIOUS SOVEREIGN, We, your
Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, the Senators and Commons of Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled, having learnt of the passing of the Irish Free State Constitution Act, 1922, being the Act of Parliament for the ratification of
1732:
The assertiveness of the self-governing countries was recognised in the
Imperial Conference of 1907 which, on the motions of the Prime Ministers of Canada and Australia, introduced the idea of the Dominions as self-governing countries by referring to Canada and Australia as Dominions. It also retired
2009:
enjoyed responsible government from 1855 to 1907 when it became a
Dominion. Following the recommendations of a Royal Commission, and at the request of the Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council of Newfoundland, parliamentary government was suspended in 1934 due to severe financial difficulties
1701:
What is remarkable about this whole process is that it was achieved with a minimum of legislative amendments. Much of Canada's independence arose from the development of new political arrangements, many of which have been absorbed into judicial decisions interpreting the constitutionβwith or without
1443:
did not receive self-government until 1891, mainly because of its continuing financial dependence on the UK Government. After protracted negotiations (that initially included New
Zealand), six Australian colonies with responsible government (and their dependent territories) agreed to federate, along
1596:
At its inception in 1867, Canada's colonial status was marked by political and legal subjugation to
British Imperial supremacy in all aspects of governmentβlegislative, judicial, and executive. The Imperial Parliament at Westminster could legislate on any matter to do with Canada and could override
3229:
government a Westminster-style parliamentary democracy. The legal status of Dominion in British nationality law had ceased to exist on 1 January 1949. However, leaders of the independence movements sometimes called for Dominion status as one stage in the negotiations for independence (for example,
2212:
Four colonies of Australia had enjoyed responsible government since 1856: New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. Queensland had responsible government soon after its founding in 1859. Because of ongoing financial dependence on Britain, Western Australia became the last Australian
1696:
As Heard later explained, the British government seldom invoked its powers over Canadian legislation. British legislative powers over Canadian domestic policy were largely theoretical and their exercise was increasingly unacceptable in the 1870s and 1880s. The rise to the status of a Dominion and
1629:
provided that no colonial law could validly conflict with, amend, or repeal Imperial legislation that either explicitly, or by necessary implication, applied directly to that colony. The Merchant Shipping Act of 1894, as well as the Colonial Courts of Admiralty Act of 1890 required reservation of
4493:
The issue of our country's legal title was one of the few points on which our constitution is not entirely homemade. The Fathers of Confederation wanted to call the country "the Kingdom of Canada". However the British government was afraid of offending the Americans so it insisted on the Fathers
1706:
What was significant about the creation of the Canadian and Australian federations was not that they were instantly granted wide new powers by the Imperial centre at the time of their creation; but that they, because of their greater size and prestige, were better able to exercise their existing
1620:
in Council. Secondly, Section 56 provides that the Governor General must forward to "one of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State" in London a copy of any Federal legislation that has been assented to. Then, within two years after the receipt of this copy, the (British) Monarch in Council
3684:
Although there was no formal definition of dominion status, a pronouncement by the Imperial Conference of 1926 described Great Britain and the dominions as "autonomous communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or
3418:
There was a significant demand for labour which came not only from the Caribbean but also from mainland Europe, Ireland, India, and Pakistan. However, it was opposition to Commonwealth and empire immigration that stood out, with a reluctance for example to accept skilled Caribbean labour. While
5785:
Mr. K.N. Gichoya, bringing a motion on 11 June 1964 in the Kenyan House of Representatives that Kenya be made a Republic: "I should make it clear to those who must know our status today, we are actually a dominion of the United Kingdom in the same way as ... Canada, Australia and New Zealand."
5053:
Indian Independence Act 1947, "An Act to make provision for the setting up in India of two independent Dominions, to substitute other provisions for certain provisions of the Government of India Act 1935, which apply outside those Dominions, and to provide for other matters consequential on or
2945:
and established as a self-governing colony with substantial autonomy on the model of the Dominions. The imperial authorities in London retained direct powers over foreign affairs, constitutional alterations, native administration and bills regarding mining revenues, railways and the governor's
1137:
to designate "autonomous communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the Crown and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations".
4918:
3228:
The term "Dominion" remained in informal use for some years when relating to newly independent territories and was sometimes used to refer to the status of former British territories during an immediate post-independence period while the British monarch remained head of state, and the form of
1234:)βwere granted independence and at the same time recognised the British monarch as head of state, the United Kingdom act granting independence declared that such and such a territory "shall form part of Her Majesty's dominions", and so become part of the territory in which the Queen exercises
5194:
2372:
declared war on Germany on 9 September 1939, separately and distinctly from the United Kingdom's declaration of war six days earlier. By the 1950s, the term Dominion of Canada was no longer used by the United Kingdom, which considered Canada a "Realm of the Commonwealth". The government of
1427:(in 1851) from New South Wales. During 1856, responsible government was achieved by New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, and Tasmania, and New Zealand. The remainder of New South Wales was divided in three in 1859, a change that established most of the present borders of NSW; the
1610:
When the Dominion of Canada was created in 1867, it was granted powers of self-government to deal with all internal matters, but Britain still retained overall legislative supremacy. This Imperial supremacy could be exercised through several statutory measures. In the first place, the
3237:). Moreover, while these independent states retained the British monarch as head of state, they remained "within the Crown's dominions" in British law, leading to the confusion of terminology. These constitutions were typically replaced by republican constitutions within a few years.
1213:
is a legal and constitutional phrase that refers to all the realms and territories of the British sovereign, whether independent or not. These territories include the United Kingdom and its colonies, including those that had become Dominions. Dependent territories that had never been
2961:. When the Dominions were first treated as foreign countries by London for the purposes of diplomatic immunity in 1952, Southern Rhodesia was included in the list of territories concerned. This semi-Dominion status continued in Southern Rhodesia between 1953 and 1963, when it joined
2408:, it is now hardly used to distinguish the federal government from the provinces or (historically) Canada before and after 1867. Nonetheless, the federal government continues to produce publications and educational materials that specify the currency of these official titles. The
1837:
delegating functions to the King, not as King in Ireland but as the symbol of the co-operation amongst Commonwealth countries with which Ireland associated itself, continued to apply in external relations. The last statutory functions of the King with respect to Ireland were
1872:
By the request of Australia and New Zealand, the Statute of Westminster was not applied automatically to those two Dominions until their own parliaments confirmed it. Being economically close to Britain and dependent on it for defence, they did not do so until
2010:
resulting from the depression and a series of riots against the Newfoundland government in 1932. In 1934 Newfoundland reverted to direct British rule, governed by an unelected commission appointed by the British government. In 1949, it joined Canada and the
1587:
By the time of Confederation in 1867, this system had been operating in most of what is now central and eastern Canada for almost 20 years. The Fathers of Confederation simply continued the system they knew, the system that was already working, and working
1175:. Dominions asserted full legislative independence, with direct access to the Monarch as Head of State previously reserved only for British governments. It also recognised autonomy in foreign affairs, including participation as autonomous countries in the
2790:. Despite the suspension of its legislature, and its de facto loss of Dominion status, Newfoundland continued to be regarded during these 15 years as a de jure Dominionβevidently shown by the fact that Newfoundland continued to be a responsibility of the
3220:" (instead of "ambassador") for communication between the government of a Dominion and the British government in London continues in respect of members of the Commonwealth, including those that were never Dominions and those that have become republics.
5186:
1906:
Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Irish Free State, Newfoundland and South Africa (prior to becoming a republic and leaving the Commonwealth in 1961), with their large populations of European descent, were sometimes collectively referred to as the
2794:
in Londonβthe intention of its commission of government not only to deal with Newfoundland's affairs, and dire economic situation, but to prepare the populace for the day that the legislature would be reconvened, and nationhood thus resumed. After
1574:
began to use the phrase "Dominion of Canada" to designate the new, larger country. However, neither the Confederation nor the adoption of the title of "Dominion" granted extra autonomy or new powers to this new federal level of government. Senator
5112:
the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty between Great Britain and Ireland, do, by this humble Address, pray your Majesty that the powers of the Parliament and Government of the Irish Free State shall no longer extend to Northern Ireland". Source:
6172:
The Australian Commonwealth and her relation to the British Empire: An Address delivered by the Right Hon. Sir George Reid G.C.M.G., K.C., D.C.L. to the Canadian Club of Ottawa at a luncheon given in the Chateau Laurier on Monday, 9th September
4912:
As dictated by the British North America Act, 1867, the title is Dominion of Canada. The term is a uniquely Canadian one, implying independence and not colonial status, and was developed as a tribute to the Monarchical principle at the time of
2907:. The provinces had their own legislatures. In 1961, the Union of South Africa adopted a new constitution, became a republic, left the Commonwealth (and re-joined following end of Apartheid rule in 1994), and became the present-day Republic of
3012:
of December 1979, which put it under interim British rule while fresh elections were held. The country achieved independence deemed legal by the international community in April 1980, when Britain granted independence under the name Zimbabwe.
4498:. In the realms of political terminology, the term dominion can be directly attributed to the Fathers of Confederation and it is one of the very few, distinctively Canadian contributions in this area. It remains our country's official title.
4927:, p. 8, "The two small points on which our constitution is not entirely homemade are, first, the legal title of our country, 'Dominion', and, second, the provisions for breaking a deadlock between the Senate and the House of Commons".
2253:
as his representative in Australia, against the wishes of the opposition and officials in London. The governments of the states (colonies before 1901) remained under the Commonwealth but retained links to the UK until the passage of the
3128:, the Dominions were then referred to as "independent Commonwealth countries"; other former British dependencies that joined the Commonwealth were added to the list of "independent Commonwealth Countries" as they gained independence.
4680:(UK), which came into effect as the Constitution of Western Australia when proclaimed in WA on 21 October 1890, and establishing responsible government in WA from that date; Australian Government's "Documenting a Democracy" website:
2306:..." Furthermore, Sections 3 and 4 indicate that the provinces "shall form and be One Dominion under the Name of Canada; and on and after that Day those Three Provinces shall form and be One Dominion under that Name accordingly".
1780:
in 1917, which gave them a say in the running of the war. Dominion status as self-governing states, as opposed to symbolic titles granted various British colonies, waited until 1919, when the self-governing Dominions signed the
2727:
with the name of "Ireland" which ceased to participate in Commonwealth conferences and events. Nevertheless, the United Kingdom and other member states of the Commonwealth continued to regard Ireland as a Dominion owing to the
3249:, maintained their formal allegiance to the British monarch, they soon revised their status to become republics. Britain also attempted to establish a Dominion model in decolonising Africa, but it, too, was unsuccessful. ...
2385:, which had been used largely as a synonym of "federal" or "national" such as "Dominion building" for a post office, "Dominion-provincial relations", and so on. The last major change was renaming the national holiday from
879:
increased unevenly over the late 19th century through the 1930s. Vestiges of empire lasted in some dominions well into the late 20th century. With the evolution of the British Empire following the 1945 conclusion of the
1615:
provided in Section 55 that the Governor General may reserve any legislation passed by the two Houses of Parliament for "the signification of Her Majesty's pleasure", which is determined according to Section 57 by the
4971:
4126:
The "Northern Territory of New South Wales" was physically separated from the main part of NSW. In 1863, the bulk of it was transferred to South Australia, except for a small area that became part of Queensland. See:
2038:, passed by the Parliament of South Africa, long title "To constitute the Republic of South Africa and to provide for matters incidental thereto", assented to 24 April 1961 to come into operation on 31 May 1961.
2799:, Newfoundlanders rejected both the continuance of the Newfoundland Commission of Government and return to responsible government, voting instead to join Canada as its 10th province. This was achieved under the
5164:
1003:, without its legal dimension, stayed in use thirty more years for those Commonwealth countries which had the crown as head of state. Gradually, particularly after 1953, the term was replaced by the term
1153:
to assure it the same constitutional status in order to avoid confusion with the wider term "His Majesty's dominions", which referred to the British Empire as a whole. At the time of the founding of the
1650:
of Dominion citizens were carried out at British diplomatic offices. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Dominion governments established their own embassies, the first two of which were established by
1346:
Section 3 of the Act referred to the new entity as a "Dominion", the first such entity to be created. From 1870 the Dominion included two vast neighbouring British territories without self-government:
5900:"Prime Minister Jugnauth proposed to amend the constitution to change Mauritius from a dominion to a republic. It was passed unanimously and on 12 March 1992, Mauritius acceded to a republic state."
4140:. In 1911, the Commonwealth of Australia agreed to assume responsibility for administration of the Northern Territory, which was regarded by the government of South Australia as a financial burden.
1158:
in 1924, the League Covenant made provision for the admission of any "fully self-governing state, Dominion, or Colony", the implication being that "Dominion status was something between that of a
8053:
4461:
who see signs of creeping republicanism in such changes can take comfort in the knowledge that the Constitution Act, 1982, retains the title and requires a constitutional amendment to alter it.
4304:
3333:
upon independence. Similar occasional references to Barbados (which retained the Queen as head of state from 1966 to 2021) as a "dominion" can be found in publications as late as the 1970s.
3959:
3076:, which fatally undermined Britain's already weakened commercial and financial leadership, further loosened the political ties between Britain and the Dominions. Australian Prime Minister
1626:
3061:
the language of dependency on the Crown of the United Kingdom ceased, where the Crown itself was no longer referred to as the Crown of any place in particular but simply as "the Crown".
7994:
2231:, the federal government was regarded as coequal with (and not subordinate to) the British and other Dominion governments, and this was given formal legal recognition in 1942 (when the
2937:. Although it was never a Dominion de jure, it was treated as a Dominion in many respects, and came to be regarded as a de facto Dominion. Southern Rhodesia was formed in 1923 out of
2640:
of 1942 proposed the further devolution of powers, within Dominion status, to the political leadership of British India. Cripps's plan was rejected and full independence was sought.
1294:
of Colonies with responsible government were able to make laws in all matters other than foreign affairs, defence and international trade, these being powers which remained with the
3580:
When the Dominion of Canada was created in 1867 it was granted powers of self-government to deal with all internal matters, but Britain still retained overall legislative supremacy.
2748:, which came into force on 18 April 1949 and unequivocally ended Ireland's links with the British Monarch and the Commonwealth. This Act was recognised by the United Kingdom in the
3389:
The High Contracting Parties agree that His Majesty The King and Emperor may accede to the present Convention in respect of any other Member of the British Commonwealth of Nations
4426:
1083:
were united into the Dominion of Canada. The new federal and provincial governments split considerable local powers, but Britain retained overall legislative supremacy. At the
4963:
2272:
5256:
2716:
to opt out of inclusion in the Irish Free State, whichβas had been widely expected at the timeβit duly did one day after the creation of the new state, on 7 December 1922.
1202:
The status of "Dominion" established by the Statute of Westminster in 1931 was capitalised to distinguish it from the more general sense of "within the crown's dominions".
7805:
1592:
The constitutional scholar Andrew Heard argues that Confederation did not legally change Canada's colonial status to anything approaching its later status of a Dominion.
8046:
3093:
3253:, the first former colony declared a Dominion in 1957, soon demanded recognition as a republic. Other African nations followed a similar pattern throughout the 1960s:
1884:
In 1934, following Newfoundland's economic collapse, and with the approval of its own legislature, Britain suspended self-government in Newfoundland and instituted a "
1479:
5116:
1186:, the changes in the constitutional relationship between the countries that continued to share a common sovereign with the United Kingdom led to the upper case term
5156:
996:, so that both types of governments could become and remain full members of the Commonwealth, and this term hence refers to the autonomous dominions and republics.
3069:
where the sovereign reigns no longer as the British monarch, but as monarch of each country in its own right, and are considered equal to the UK and one another.
2589:, which, as a Crown colony, was originally promised "fully responsible status within the British Commonwealth of Nations", was formally granted independence as a
2313:(1999), "The word came to be applied to the federal government and Parliament, and under the Constitution Act, 1982, 'Dominion' remains Canada's official title."
8039:
6210:
5315:
4476:
2851:
and in the same year legislation passed in London gave New Zealand full powers to amend its own constitution. In 1986, the New Zealand parliament passed the
3540:
6664:
2985:
2973:, with the latter two territories continuing to be British protectorates. When Northern Rhodesia was given independence in 1964 it adopted the new name of
1776:
The initiatives and contributions of British colonies to the British war effort in the First World War were recognised by Britain with the creation of the
2618:. Discussions on the further devolution of power, and granting of Dominion status, continued through the 1920s, with the Commonwealth of India Bill 1925,
4895:
1817:
in Newfoundland, took the position in 1922. Dominion status was never popular in the Irish Free State where people saw it as a face-saving measure for a
846:
3201:(Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Jamaica, etc.) from those that do not (India, Pakistan, South Africa, etc.). The term "Dominion" is still found in the
2197:
1785:
independently of the British government and became individual members of the League of Nations. This ended the purely colonial status of the Dominions.
4559:
2213:
colony to attain self-government in 1890. During the 1890s, the colonies voted to unite and in 1901 they were federated under the British Crown as the
3438:
1733:
the name "Colonial Conference" and mandated that meetings take place regularly to consult the Dominions in running the foreign affairs of the empire.
7378:
5227:
3926:
2733:
1834:
1605:βwho was advised only by British ministers in its exercise. Canada's independence came about as each of these sub-ordinations was eventually removed.
3179:, the phrase "of her other Realms and Territories" replaced "Dominion" with another mediaeval French word with the same connotation, "realm" (from
2227:
had been drafted in Australia and approved by popular consent. Thus Australia is one of the few countries established by a popular vote. Under the
985:
7972:
Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the
3951:
1642:
in foreign countries. International travel and commerce were transacted through British embassies and consulates. For example, matters concerning
8663:
3832:
3124:
entered into force on 1 January 1949, the former Dominions became fully independent, and adopted their own legislation governing nationality. In
1829:. Successive Irish governments undermined the constitutional links with the United Kingdom. In 1937 Ireland, as it renamed itself, adopted a new
2506:
Notable Canadian corporations and organisations (not affiliated with government) that have used Dominion as a part of their name have included:
5966:
4099:
Link to the Order in Council of 6 June 1859, which established the Colony of Queensland, on the Web site of the National Archives of Australia.
3183:). Thus, recently, when referring to one of those fifteen countries within the Commonwealth of Nations that share the same monarch, the phrase
6125:
5127:
2857:, which repealed the Constitution Act of 1852 and the last constitutional links with the United Kingdom, formally ending its Dominion status.
7537:
6037:
3685:
external affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the Crown and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations."
1597:
any local legislation, the final court of appeal for Canadian litigation lay with the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London, the
3671:
3176:
7965:
7948:
7826:
2537:
1556:
into "One Dominion under the Name of Canada", the first federation internal to the British Empire. Tilley's suggestion was taken from the
7417:
2771:
2011:
1826:
3508:
7107:
7101:
6203:
6145:
5407:
A matter of weeks rather than months: The Impasse between Harold Wilson and Ian Smith: Sanctions, Aborted Settlements and War 1965β1969
4994:
3241:
After World War II, Britain attempted to repeat the Dominion model in decolonising the Caribbean. ... Though several colonies, such as
2219:
953:. In the 1920s and 1930s, they began to represent themselves in international bodies, in treaty making, and in foreign capitals. Later
5113:
3761:
2762:
In 1934, after a series of financial difficulties (owing in part to Newfoundland's railway debt from the 1890s, and its debt from the
2123:
Continued as a monarchy until 1956 when it became a republic under the name "The Islamic Republic of Pakistan": Constitution of 1956.
915:, although for the next five years they shared the same secretary in charge of both offices. "Dominion status" was first accorded to
8658:
8314:
7163:
4452:
4318:
2997:
2339:
2154:
1282:
The foundation of "Dominion" status followed the achievement of internal self-rule in British Colonies, in the specific form of full
63:
2774:
and autonomy, becoming a dependent territory of the British Empire until 1949. During these 15 years, Newfoundland was ruled by the
5988:
5252:
4263:
3026:
2848:
2493:
2238:
1878:
1874:
277:
5285:
8438:
4581:
4225:
1862:
839:
7011:
6046:
5060:
3309:
from 1961 to 1962, after which it became a republic and then merged with the former British protectorate of Zanzibar to become
3205:
where it appears numerous times, but it is largely a vestige of the past, as the Canadian government does not actively use it (
3057:, although the British government claimed and exercised the exclusive power to declare wars. However, after the passage of the
1651:
1622:
1044:
to refer to a particular territory within the British Empire dates back to the 16th century and was sometimes used to describe
7372:
6196:
6111:
6071:
6019:
5936:
5885:
5859:
5809:
5770:
5745:
5699:
5635:
5608:
5545:
5488:
5414:
4826:
4748:
4709:
4684:
4656:
4624:
4438:
4398:
4193:
3912:
3796:
3605:
3567:
3472:
2775:
2729:
2163:
of 1953 changed references to "dominions" in the monarch's titles in the various Dominions to "realms", after which the term
2065:
1524:
In connection with proposals for the future government of British North America, use of the term "Dominion" was suggested by
1391:
4144:
4133:
4101:
4084:
4038:
4015:
3988:
3401:
1037:
means "that which is mastered or ruled". It was used by the British to describe their colonies or territorial possessions.
7710:
7320:
6546:
5911:
4061:
2989:
2510:
4850:
2839:. New Zealand, Canada, and Newfoundland used the word Dominion in the official title of the state, whereas Australia used
8621:
7650:
6432:
6317:
3530:
1889:
1861:
Until 1931, Newfoundland was referred to as a colony of the United Kingdom, as for example, in the 1927 reference to the
1655:
3373:"t the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 27th day of October, 1939. PRESENT, The KING's Most Excellent Majesty in Council"
2708:
on 6 December 1922 the new stateβwhich had Dominion status in the likeness of that enjoyed by Canada within the British
2196:
or Ireland in English in 1937. In 1937β1949, the Dominion was referred to as "Eire" by the British government. See also
1115:
in 1914 declared that, from 5 November 1914, the island "shall be annexed to and form part of His Majesty's dominions".
8401:
7368:
5730:"For the first three years of its independence, Nigeria was a dominion. As a result, its head of state was Elizabeth II
5345:
5253:"History, Constitutional - The Legislative Authority of the New Zealand Parliament - 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand"
2500:
2497:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2414:
does not mention and does not remove the title, and therefore a constitutional amendment may be required to change it.
2167:
generally fell into disuse, and the countries sharing the same monarch as the United Kingdom came to be referred to as
832:
7530:
6723:
5834:
5473:
Collective Responses to Illegal Acts in International Law: United Nations action in the question of Southern Rhodesia
5038:
5004:
4948:
4376:
In the Matter of the Boundary between the Dominion of Canada and the Colony of Newfoundland in the Labrador Peninsula
3352:
2826:
2699:
1612:
1601:
had a substantive role as a representative of the British government, and ultimate executive power was vested in the
1419:
1133:
was formally accorded to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Newfoundland, South Africa, and the Irish Free State at the
8673:
7403:
7390:
3217:
2904:
2810:
2743:
2675:
2671:
2561:, a supermarket chain founded in 1927; following a series of acquisitions the last Dominion stores were renamed as
1839:
1451:
became the first British self-governing Colony, in 1872. (Until 1893, the Cape Colony also controlled the separate
1295:
1231:
5566:
The King and His Dominion Governors: A Study of the Reserve Powers of the Crown in Great Britain and the Dominions
5307:
4480:
7619:
7350:
6188:
1172:
1070:
717:
17:
6170:
2670:
was drafted and promulgated in 1950. Pakistan remained a dominion until it became an Islamic republic under its
2593:
in 1948. In 1972 it adopted a republican constitution to become the Free, Sovereign and Independent Republic of
2245:, reinforced the right of the overseas Dominions to appoint native-born governors-general, when he advised King
1677:, but stopped short of creating a full citizenship. Canada was the first to create its own citizenship with the
7913:
7441:
7055:
6949:
6766:
6450:
5100:
4527:
4008:
3342:
2713:
2571:
The Historica-Dominion Institute, its successor following a 2009 merger with the Historica Foundation; renamed
1865:
to delineate the Quebec-Labrador boundary. Full autonomy was granted by the United Kingdom parliament with the
1678:
524:
479:
4899:
4735:
1564:
also from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth", which is echoed in the national motto, "
7723:
7487:
7238:
6679:. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
6576:
6508:
3104:
3053:
Initially, the Dominions conducted their own trade policy, some limited foreign relations and had autonomous
2796:
2472:
2438:
1395:
1222:, were notionally foreign territory and not "within the crown's dominions". When these territoriesβincluding
1191:
350:
8031:
3080:'s unprecedented action (February 1942) in successfully countermanding an order from British Prime Minister
2992:(NIBMAR). London regarded this declaration as illegal, and applied sanctions and expelled Rhodesia from the
7523:
6973:
6897:
6873:
6867:
6224:
3431:
3318:
3274:
3135:
3119:
2942:
2653:
2631:
2613:
2069:
1684:
1087:, the self-governing polities of Canada and the Commonwealth of Australia were referred to collectively as
5216:
3901:
8294:
7940:
7606:
6456:
5874:"In 1971 Siaka Stevens embarked on the process to transform Sierra Leone from a Dominion to a Republic."
5686:
5564:
4613:
3785:
3594:
3294:
3286:
3148:
3058:
3030:
2950:
2349:
2233:
2228:
1866:
1855:
1851:
1625:
an Act. Thirdly, at least four pieces of Imperial legislation constrained the Canadian legislatures. The
1166:
948:
944:
544:
59:
6060:
5515:
Speeches and Documents on the British Dominions, 1918-1931: From Self-government to National Sovereignty
8609:
8451:
7678:
7455:
7429:
7326:
7095:
3314:
3306:
3285:
As the above quote indicates, the term Dominion was sometimes applied in Africa to Ghana (formerly the
3270:
3258:
2970:
2896:
2568:
The Dominion Institute, created in 1997 to promote awareness of Canadian history and national identity
2296:
2159:
2153:
There was no single constitutional or legislative change that abolished the status of "dominions". The
1484:
365:
3828:
3325:
from 1968 to 1992. Malta also retained the Queen as head of state from 1964 to 1974 under the name of
2404:
While the term may be found in older official documents, and the Dominion Carillonneur still tolls at
1417:βand New Zealand could gain full responsible government were set out by the British government in the
8668:
8145:
7969:; Ascension Island (1922β) and Tristan da Cunha (1938β) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
7612:
7568:
7290:
7001:
6676:
6646:
6404:
3322:
3278:
3009:
2840:
2705:
2679:
2548:
2224:
2214:
1529:
1402:
1287:
1227:
31:
6098:
4615:
The Statesman's Year-Book: A Statistical, Political, and Economic Account of the States of the World
3402:"Commonwealth migration since 1945: What was the context and impact of migration in modern Britain?"
7793:
7501:
7448:
7356:
7314:
7278:
7232:
6847:
6496:
6438:
5124:
3089:
2938:
2626:
1928 being often cited proposals. Further powers were eventually devolved, following the 1930β1932
2609:
2552:
2460:
1994:
1885:
1745:
1716:
1506:
1387:
1134:
1084:
940:
928:
115:
8063:
8010:
7842:
7717:
7685:
7666:
7332:
7284:
7226:
6935:
6879:
6255:
5449:
3667:
3125:
3062:
2836:
2720:
2709:
2627:
2541:
1979:
1830:
1741:
1502:
1351:
1246:
1092:
1076:
1063:
973:
924:
885:
773:
340:
4182:
8350:
8095:
8090:
7481:
7462:
7338:
7302:
7074:
7062:
6961:
6841:
6829:
6717:
6672:
6660:
6291:
3298:
3262:
2900:
2832:
2558:
2410:
2333:
2290:
2280:
2006:
1956:
1810:
1580:
1569:
1533:
1339:
1333:
1325:
1283:
1273:
1100:
1049:
788:
355:
5598:
5028:
3985:
3134:
ceased to be a member of the Commonwealth on 18 April 1949, upon the coming into force of the
2241:
to the commencement of the Second World War in 1939). In 1930, the Australian prime minister,
1259:, recognised that the Republic of Ireland had "ceased to be part of His Majesty's dominions".
30:
This article is about the self-governing countries of the British Empire. For other uses, see
8683:
8489:
8477:
8080:
8020:
7626:
6781:
6558:
6540:
6349:
6280:
6051:
5625:
5440:
5054:
connected with the setting up of those Dominions" passed by the U.K. parliament 18 July 1947.
4816:
4551:
4314:
3500:
3302:
3266:
3254:
3202:
3164:
3085:
2890:
2866:
2852:
2844:
2667:
2524:
2095:
2023:
1964:
1858:, 1931, restricted Britain's ability to pass or affect laws outside of its own jurisdiction.
1802:
1749:
1737:
1525:
1510:
1436:
1367:
1277:
1223:
1219:
1104:
1096:
1080:
932:
893:
876:
783:
646:
243:
6153:
5660:
5658:
4229:
3653:
3372:
1772:, the poster urges men from the Dominions of the British Empire to enlist in the war effort.
8365:
8140:
7931:
7749:
7662:
7596:
7574:
7475:
7435:
7344:
7308:
7246:
7171:
6859:
6594:
6588:
6582:
3160:
2641:
2597:. By a new constitution in 1978, it became the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka.
2452:
2103:
1782:
1777:
1690:
1565:
1428:
1317:
958:
2139:
Continued as a monarchy until 1972 when it became a republic under the name of Sri Lanka.
1801:, was the third Dominion to appoint a non-UK born, non-aristocratic Governor-General when
8:
8585:
8380:
8360:
8274:
8236:
8211:
7410:
7213:
7120:
7068:
6955:
6943:
6923:
6911:
6823:
6614:
6526:
5878:
A New Perspective on Governance, Leadership, Conflict and Nation Building in Sierra Leone
4374:
3246:
3167:, and of all her other "realms and territories" etc. This also reflected the change from
3131:
3005:
2882:
2724:
2369:
2050:
1468:
1023:
at the end of the nineteenth century. "Dominions" refers to all territories belonging to
707:
616:
573:
360:
125:
5980:
4657:"Order-in-Council establishing Representative Government in Queensland 6 June 1859 (UK)"
2698:(Ireland from 1937) was a British Dominion between 1922 and 1949. As established by the
8597:
8184:
7656:
7638:
7578:
7469:
7195:
7157:
7133:
7114:
7005:
6552:
6478:
6444:
6343:
6323:
6249:
5960:
5281:
4797:
4789:
4357:
4349:
3735:
3185:
3156:
3112:
3066:
2814:
2779:
2770:) and a riot against the elected government, Newfoundland voluntarily relinquished its
2659:
2590:
2445:
2256:
2128:
1818:
1537:
1432:
1424:
1406:
1305:
1150:
1059:
962:
904:
897:
345:
130:
105:
3753:
8678:
8241:
8135:
8105:
8016:
7602:
7220:
7185:
6917:
6805:
6753:
6747:
6731:
6570:
6564:
6514:
6484:
6414:
6117:
6107:
6077:
6067:
6025:
6015:
5932:
5907:
5881:
5855:
5830:
5805:
5766:
5741:
5705:
5695:
5666:
5641:
5631:
5604:
5571:
5519:
5494:
5484:
5420:
5410:
5387:
5034:
5000:
4944:
4873:
4822:
4801:
4754:
4744:
4715:
4705:
4630:
4620:
4444:
4434:
4404:
4394:
4361:
4199:
4189:
3918:
3908:
3876:
3802:
3792:
3739:
3727:
3611:
3601:
3478:
3468:
3290:
3250:
3081:
3038:
3001:
2962:
2930:
2923:
2663:
2476:
2374:
2320:
was employed as the country's name after 1867, predating the general use of the term
2079:
2074:, which came into force on 18 April 1949 and declared that the state was a republic.
1814:
1440:
1410:
1290:"). Colonial responsible government began to emerge during the mid-19th century. The
1176:
1155:
954:
778:
499:
330:
282:
110:
43:
5827:
Tanzania Revisited: Political Stability, Aid Dependency, and Development Constraints
5056:
3143:
The independence of the separate realms was emphasised after the accession of Queen
1033:
8573:
8465:
8423:
8408:
8259:
8120:
8115:
7973:
7906:
7898:
7890:
7818:
7729:
7697:
7584:
7384:
7296:
7081:
6607:
6600:
6502:
6387:
6332:
5480:
5476:
5457:
5453:
4896:"The Prince of Wales 2001 Royal Visit: April 25 - April 30; Test Your Royal Skills"
4781:
4341:
4259:
3868:
3717:
3709:
3563:
3330:
3223:
3073:
2878:
2805:
2791:
2767:
2749:
2695:
2619:
2572:
2043:
1794:
1659:
1598:
1464:
1383:
1347:
1328:
in 1855. All except for Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island agreed to form a new
1255:
1226:
and protected states (a status with greater powers of self-government), as well as
1183:
1146:
1108:
936:
881:
611:
534:
504:
378:
120:
100:
6218:
5627:
The New Elizabethan Age: Culture, Society and National Identity after World War II
5570:. By Evatt, H. V. (2nd ed.). London: Frank Cass & Company. p. xvii.
5540:
4818:
The New Elizabethan Age: Culture, Society and National Identity after World War II
4681:
4664:
4589:
4165:
2953:
although relations with Southern Rhodesia were administered in London through the
1103:βwere granted the status of Dominion in the same year. These were followed by the
8561:
8549:
8396:
8319:
8309:
8221:
8204:
8125:
8100:
7926:
7703:
7632:
7423:
7362:
7201:
6885:
6787:
6490:
6177:
6085:
5713:
5579:
5549:
5513:
5382:
Rowland, J. Reid (April 1978). "Constitutional History of Rhodesia: An outline".
5131:
5120:
5099:
On 7 December 1922 (the day after the establishment of the Irish Free State) the
4938:
4702:
Head of State: the Governor-General, the Monarchy, the Republic and the Dismissal
4688:
4638:
4207:
4148:
4141:
4137:
4128:
4105:
4088:
4081:
4065:
4042:
4035:
4019:
4012:
3992:
3810:
3619:
3152:
3021:
2958:
2954:
2949:
Southern Rhodesia was not one of the territories that were mentioned in the 1931
2874:
2835:(General Assembly) and home rule in 1852. In 1907 New Zealand was proclaimed the
2763:
2652:) seceded from India at the point of Indian Independence with the passage of the
2528:
2434:
2405:
2268:
1806:
1798:
1765:
1726:
1722:
1666:
1643:
1617:
1602:
1456:
1452:
1414:
912:
908:
822:
795:
651:
641:
438:
335:
4058:
2712:βcomprised the whole of Ireland. However, provision was made in the Act for the
1490:
as a pretentious dwarf beneath a massive "Dominion" top hat. The caption reads:
8537:
8513:
8216:
8194:
8168:
7811:
7799:
7644:
7260:
7189:
7178:
6967:
6929:
6835:
6799:
6793:
6759:
6297:
6220:
4842:
3326:
2934:
2637:
2586:
2551:, in Nova Scotia, formed by the 1894 merger of two railways; controlled by the
2325:
2193:
2176:
1460:
1112:
1020:
868:
864:
800:
731:
636:
469:
383:
5645:
5523:
5030:
Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization
4188:(Revised and expanded ed.). University of Toronto Press. pp. 17β21.
3872:
3713:
2719:
Following a plebiscite of the people of the Free State held on 1 July 1937, a
1579:
wrote that the powers acquired since the 1840s that established the system of
1332:
named Canada from 1867. This was instituted by the British Parliament in the
8652:
8501:
8289:
8189:
8155:
8085:
8061:
7852:
7672:
6853:
6737:
6029:
5709:
5438:
Harris, P. B. (September 1969). "The Rhodesian Referendum: June 20th, 1969".
5424:
4309:
3922:
3880:
3731:
3482:
3230:
3198:
2993:
2649:
2605:
2517:
2465:
Dominion Carillonneur: official responsible for playing the carillons at the
2242:
2107:
1769:
1576:
1553:
1321:
687:
582:
484:
474:
315:
6121:
6089:
5717:
5498:
4758:
4719:
4642:
4634:
4619:(1996β1997, 133rd ed.). London: the Macmillan Press. pp. 130β156.
4448:
4408:
4203:
3623:
3615:
2381:
in the statutes of Canada in 1951. This began the phasing out of the use of
1516:
1501:
The Commonwealth of Australia was recognised as a Dominion in 1901, and the
8525:
8428:
8324:
8304:
8299:
8264:
7882:
7590:
7151:
7145:
7126:
6891:
6626:
6533:
6472:
6466:
6181:
6081:
5583:
5391:
4300:
4211:
3814:
3806:
3700:
Mohr, T. (2013). "The Statute of Westminster, 1931: An Irish Perspective".
3347:
3144:
3100:
3054:
3042:
2988:
from Britain in 1965 as a result of the British government's insistence on
2908:
2778:, an unelected body of civil servants who were directly subordinate to the
2766:, both of which were exacerbated by the collapse of fish prices during the
2623:
2425:
2394:
2386:
2250:
1760:
1379:
1359:
1142:
736:
663:
657:
631:
626:
602:
592:
529:
418:
238:
162:
8544:
5600:
The Statecraft of British Imperialism: Essays in Honour of Wm. Roger Louis
5575:
1665:
Until 1948 any resident of a British colony or Dominion had the status of
1474:
8355:
8279:
7999:
7495:
7396:
7207:
6811:
6711:
6426:
6420:
5670:
3952:"Historical background information on nationality (nationality guidance)"
3092:
was then en route from the Middle East to Australia to defend against an
3077:
3046:
2870:
2645:
2466:
2365:
2355:
2015:
1845:
1721:
Issues of colonial self-government spilled into foreign affairs with the
1549:
1487:
1448:
1301:
1291:
1235:
892:), finalised in 1949, the dominions became independent states, either as
741:
726:
668:
539:
403:
202:
197:
177:
167:
157:
5358:
3025:
The prime ministers of Britain and the four major Dominions at the 1944
817:
8433:
8375:
8340:
8231:
8226:
8163:
8130:
8072:
7272:
7253:
6996:
6775:
6394:
6311:
6041:
5314:. Wellington: Parliamentary Counsel Office, Government of New Zealand.
4793:
4479:. Department of Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada. Archived from
4353:
4130:
Letters Patent annexing the Northern Territory to South Australia, 1863
2739:
2683:
2562:
2429:
2390:
2344:, other contemporaneous texts, and subsequent bills. References to the
1329:
1267:
1239:
1126:(front, centre) and his Prime Ministers at the 1926 Imperial Conference
1015:
746:
702:
697:
692:
678:
519:
310:
192:
187:
51:
8639:
4743:(Year 2000 ed.). Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. p. 680.
3722:
1583:
in Canada would simply be transferred to the new Dominion government:
1316:) were the first colonies to achieve responsible government, in 1848.
8418:
8370:
7918:
6771:
6520:
6304:
5659:
United States. Department of State. Office of the Geographer (1968).
3193:
to differentiate the Commonwealth nations that continue to share the
3034:
2966:
2919:
2594:
2034:
Continued as a monarchy until it became a republic in 1961 under the
1833:
that included powers for a president of Ireland. At the same time, a
1639:
1635:
1497:
Australia: "Oh, his head is swelling rapidly. The hat will soon fit."
1190:
falling out of use. The Dominions Office was formally changed to the
1118:
1024:
966:
920:
549:
443:
433:
428:
413:
408:
398:
272:
233:
222:
217:
207:
172:
140:
84:
79:
5386:. By Berlyn, Phillippa. Salisbury: M. O. Collins. pp. 245β251.
5075:
4785:
4391:
Europe since 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of War and Reconstruction
4345:
3000:
the previous year. This endured until the state's reconstitution as
1740:, which chose not to take part in Australian federation, became the
8413:
8110:
7846:
7761:
7040:
6992:
6741:
6668:
6654:
6650:
6620:
6408:
5104:
4495:
3465:
The Second British Empire: In the Crucible of the Twentieth Century
3310:
3108:
2978:
2246:
1822:
1647:
1557:
1355:
1123:
993:
984:
for official Commonwealth usage. This decision was made during the
182:
152:
95:
6106:(6th ed.). Ottawa: Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada.
5904:
CultureShock! Mauritius: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette
3213:). The term "realm" does not appear in the Canadian constitution.
2358:
in British legislative style. Indeed, in the original text of the
8345:
7755:
7088:
7048:
6641:
6398:
6357:
6012:
The Once and Future King: The Rise of Crown Government in America
5694:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 204.
3535:
3194:
1541:
1401:
The conditions under which the four separate Australian coloniesβ
1386:
became a Canadian province, as did Prince Edward Island in 1873.
1375:
1363:
1309:
1215:
423:
260:
250:
3859:
McIntyre, W. D. (1999). "The Strange Death of Dominion Status".
3224:
Newly independent territories sometimes referred to as Dominions
3111:
in August 1947. The last country officially made a Dominion was
2869:
was formed in 1910 from the four self-governing colonies of the
2513:
founded in 1868 and incorporated by an Act of Parliament in 1890
2189:
1444:
Canadian lines, becoming the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901.
1179:
with full power over appointing ambassadors to other countries.
1145:
had emphasised the use of the capital "D" when referring to the
888:(after which the former Dominions were often referred to as the
8269:
8199:
7765:
7140:
6905:
6683:
6285:
6152:. No. 5. The Prayer Book Society of Canada. Archived from
3242:
3216:
The practice of designating a diplomatic representative named "
2974:
2783:
2456:
2428:(1867β1982): holiday marking Canada's national day; now called
2111:
2091:
1941:
1901:
1693:
and the Dominions subsequently created their own citizenships.
1545:
1509:
were officially given Dominion status in 1907, followed by the
1313:
1159:
916:
587:
5409:. Victoria, British Columbia: Trafford Publishing. p. 5.
1459:(1899β1902), the British Empire assumed direct control of the
1054:
applies to "the Dominion, Principality and Country of Wales".
8615:
7266:
6988:
6460:
5596:
4393:. Vol. 1. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 45.
3289:) during the period from 1957 until 1960, when it became the
3234:
1371:
1171:, Britain and the Dominions (except Newfoundland) formed the
1045:
989:
4433:. Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford University Press. p. 183.
3854:
3852:
3850:
2723:
came into force on 29 December of that year, establishing a
6817:
5981:"Barbados becomes a republic and parts ways with the Queen"
5931:(2nd ed.). London and Oxford: Macmillan. p. 565.
5854:(2nd ed.). London and Oxford: Macmillan. p. 355.
5804:(2nd ed.). London and Oxford: Macmillan. p. 917.
5790:, 1st Parliament, 2nd Session, Vol. 3 (Part 1), Column 135.
5765:(2nd ed.). London and Oxford: Macmillan. p. 937.
4772:
Scott, F. R. (January 1944). "The End of Dominion Status".
4151:. The NT did not receive responsible government until 1978.
2886:
2354:, do not clarify the point because all nouns were formally
1755:
1354:; together these became over time the current provinces of
4704:. Paddington, New South Wales: Macleay Press. p. 18.
4663:. Canberra: National Archives of Australia. Archived from
4494:
finding another title. The term "Dominion" was drawn from
4332:
F. R. Scott (January 1944). "The End of Dominion Status".
4164:, which established self-government in Western Australia:
3084:
that Australian troops be diverted to defend British-held
2459:; now used as Office of Energy Efficiency, Energy Branch,
1197:
5359:"Challenged Commonwealth? The Decolonisation of Rhodesia"
4389:
Merriman, J.; Winter, J., eds. (2006). "British Empire".
4080:, on the Web site of the National Archives of Australia:
4057:, on the Web site of the National Archives of Australia:
4034:, on the Web site of the National Archives of Australia:
3907:(3rd ed.). Haywards Heath: Bloomsbury Professional.
3847:
3281:
retained their Dominion status for more than three years.
1752:
was referred to as a Dominion upon its creation in 1910.
5562:
Cowen, Z. (1967). "Introduction to the Second Edition".
5384:
The Quiet Man: A Biography of the Hon. Ian Douglas Smith
3016:
2368:
theorised that Canada's status as a Dominion ended when
5906:. Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish. p. 37.
5692:
Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History
5623:
5511:
4898:. Department of Canadian Heritage. 2001. Archived from
4305:"F.H. Buckley: How Canada's creation changed the world"
5829:. Hamburg: Institute of African Affairs. p. 115.
5475:. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 73.
5114:
Northern Ireland Parliamentary Report, 7 December 1922
4283:
4281:
3984:
on the website of the National Archives of Australia:
2926:(Zimbabwe since 1980), coloured red on a map of Africa
1846:
Balfour Declaration of 1926 and Statute of Westminster
8449:
7871:
7004:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the
5624:
Irene Morra; Rob Gossedge, eds. (30 September 2016).
2977:, prompting Southern Rhodesia to shorten its name to
2933:(renamed Zimbabwe in 1980) was a special case in the
1764:
The Parliamentary Recruiting Committee produced this
5740:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 146, note 22.
4996:
Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles in India
3600:(3rd ed.). London: Penguin Books. p. 777.
2981:, but Britain did not recognise this latter change.
2421:
has been used with other agencies, laws, and roles:
1431:, with its own responsible self-government, and the
1268:
Responsible government: precursor to Dominion status
1007:, as equal realms of the crown of the Commonwealth.
5026:
4340:(1). American Society of International Law: 34β49.
4278:
3662:
3660:
3293:; Nigeria from 1960 until 1963, when it became the
972:With the transition of the British Empire into the
6059:
5685:
5563:
4734:
4612:
4558:. Pretoria: Government Printer. pp. 346β424.
4226:"The London Conference December 1866 β March 1867"
4181:
3900:
3784:
3593:
2324:as applied to the other autonomous regions of the
1634:For decades, the Dominions did not have their own
5880:. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse. p. 66.
5788:Kenya National Assembly Official Record (Hansard)
5617:
4843:"November 8, 1951 (21st Parliament, 5th Session)"
4184:Naming Canada: Stories about Canadian Place Names
3467:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 128.
2612:, and the first Parliament was introduced by the
1517:Canadian Confederation and evolution of the term
976:after World War II, it was decided that the term
8650:
5665:. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 3β.
5377:
5375:
4943:(Fourth ed.), Routledge, pp. 279β281,
3861:The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
3657:
2786:, under the authority of a British statute, the
2401:, as it has no acceptable equivalent in French.
1435:(which was not granted self-government prior to
6062:Britain and the Commonwealth Alliance 1918β1939
5470:
4936:
4175:
4173:
2666:, dominion status was transitory until its new
2630:, to the locally elected legislatures, via the
2608:acquired a partially representative government
2094:from 1975) became a federal republic after its
1888:", which continued until Newfoundland became a
1390:, having become a Dominion itself in 1907, was
6054:, Centre for Constitutional Studies: Edmonton.
5652:
5597:Robert D. King; Robin W. Kilson, eds. (1999).
5590:
5103:resolved to make the following address to the
4999:. Anchor Academic Publishing. pp. 39β40.
4477:"National Flag of Canada Day: How Did You Do?"
4388:
3175:; in the proclamation of Queen Elizabeth II's
2036:Republic of South Africa Constitution Act 1961
1959:, as a substitute for the title of "kingdom".
1394:in 1934, finally joining Canada in 1949 after
875:. Progressing from colonies, their degrees of
27:Self-governing countries of the British Empire
8047:
7531:
6204:
5372:
5276:
5274:
4471:
4469:
4228:. www.collectionscanada.gc.ca. Archived from
3147:in 1952, when she was proclaimed not just as
2689:
2531:; as of 2016 one of the country's major banks
2527:, its successor since a 1955 merger with the
1463:, but transferred limited self-government to
1058:, as an official title, was conferred on the
986:1949 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference
840:
7966:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
7949:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
7827:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
5901:
5738:Nigeria Since Independence: Forever Fragile?
4937:Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (2004),
4170:
3670:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 7 December 2011.
2730:unusual role accorded to the British Monarch
2538:Dominion of Canada General Insurance Company
1955:was conferred as the country's title in the
1048:from 1535 to around 1800: for instance, the
5690:. In Juang, R. M.; Morrissette, N. (eds.).
4556:Statutes of the Union of South Africa, 1961
4552:"Republic of South Africa Constitution Act"
4420:
4418:
4331:
3831:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 11 August 2020.
3787:The Creation of States in International Law
3695:
3693:
2449:(1872): federal lands act; repealed in 1930
2332:does not appear in the 1867 act nor in the
1827:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1710:
969:) also became dominions for short periods.
8054:
8040:
7538:
7524:
6211:
6197:
5965:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5271:
4661:Documenting a Democracy: Australia's Story
4466:
3637:Cyprus (Annexation) Order in Council, 1914
3456:
2362:, "One" and "Name" were also capitalised.
2220:Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act
1568:". The new government of Canada under the
1495:Canada: "Rather large for him, is it not?"
847:
833:
5955:. Vol. 10. India. 1975. p. 181.
5555:
5505:
5187:"The Commission of Government, 1934-1949"
5157:"The Commission of Government, 1934-1949"
4808:
4774:The American Journal of International Law
4334:The American Journal of International Law
3721:
3652:, "Annexation of Cyprus by Great Britain"
3650:The American Journal of International Law
2090:The Union of India (with the addition of
1366:, and the three current territories, the
1262:
64:List of countries by system of government
7010:Legitimacy of territorial establishment
5926:
5849:
5799:
5760:
5683:
5537:Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942
4992:
4968:Constituent assembly debates & India
4431:The Oxford Companion to Canadian History
4424:
4415:
4382:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4247:
3898:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3858:
3791:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 243.
3782:
3690:
3498:
3027:Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference
3020:
2918:
2738:of 1936. Ultimately, however, Ireland's
2494:Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory
2267:
1759:
1756:First World War and Treaty of Versailles
1540:(subsequently becoming the provinces of
1473:
1117:
1014:
6057:
6009:
5630:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 53β.
5603:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 199β.
5381:
4299:
4179:
3946:
3944:
3754:"The Covenant of the League of Nations"
3591:
3494:
3492:
3462:
3379:. London. 31 October 1939. p. 7265
3358:
2397:laws also contributed to the disuse of
2182:
1863:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
1748:became a Dominion on the same day. The
14:
8664:History of the Commonwealth of Nations
8651:
7995:Historical flags of the British Empire
7979:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985
6143:
6096:
5875:
5825:Engel, Ulf; et al., eds. (2000).
5437:
5356:
4924:
4871:
4732:
4610:
4287:
3189:has come into common usage instead of
2157:of 1952 referred to "realms", and the
2147:
8035:
7870:
7782:
7519:
7028:
6700:
6375:
6268:
6192:
5991:from the original on 30 November 2021
5824:
5561:
5512:Arthur Berriedale Keith, ed. (1948).
4964:"The Commonwealth of India Bill 1925"
4814:
4771:
4699:
4257:
4244:
4005:New South Wales Constitution Act 1855
3887:
3758:The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
3570:from the original on 21 February 2009
3561:
3099:The Dominions Office merged with the
3017:From Dominions to Commonwealth realms
2776:Newfoundland Commission of Government
2600:
2281:Name of Canada Β§ Use of Dominion
2098:came into effect on 26 January 1950.
1671:Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act
8622:
6168:
6146:"A Lament for British North America"
5735:
5404:
5255:. www.teara.govt.nz. 22 April 2009.
5197:from the original on 23 October 2022
5167:from the original on 23 October 2022
3941:
3835:from the original on 7 November 2020
3829:"Commonwealth association of states"
3699:
3674:from the original on 26 January 2021
3489:
2990:no independence before majority rule
2914:
2511:Dominion of Canada Rifle Association
2455:(1905β1970): weather observatory in
1919:
7806:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands
6649:. British Cameroons is now part of
6131:from the original on 6 January 2018
5125:Anglo-Irish Treaty, sections 11, 12
4457:Ironically, defenders of the title
3107:upon the independence of India and
1989:Continues as a Commonwealth realm.
1974:Continues as a Commonwealth realm.
1951:Continues as a Commonwealth realm.
1788:
24:
6665:unilaterally declared independence
6360:1708β1757, 1763β1782 and 1798β1802
6162:
5259:from the original on 28 April 2009
5090:The Statesman's Year Book, p. 1002
4562:from the original on 25 March 2023
3962:from the original on 14 April 2022
3929:from the original on 14 April 2022
3903:Fransman's British Nationality Law
3408:. Government of the united Kingdom
2986:unilaterally declared independence
2662:, resulting in two dominions. For
2501:Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics
2489:Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics
2482:Dominion Astrophysical Observatory
1895:
1627:Colonial Laws Validity Act of 1865
25:
8695:
7872:Antarctica and the South Atlantic
7851:Occupied by Argentina during the
7783:
7029:
5662:Commonwealth of Nations, Volume 2
5346:Wikisource: South Africa Act 1909
5233:from the original on 17 June 2022
5081:The Statesman's Year Book, p. 635
5063:from the original on 30 June 2012
4974:from the original on 19 July 2018
4853:from the original on 9 March 2021
4518:The Statesman's Year Book, p. 303
4509:The Statesman's Year Book, p. 302
3982:Australian Constitutions Act 1850
3764:from the original on 24 July 2011
3543:from the original on 13 July 2009
3511:from the original on 8 April 2022
3444:from the original on 16 July 2005
3353:Timeline of national independence
2828:New Zealand Constitution Act 1852
2701:Irish Free State Constitution Act
2540:, founded in 1887; bought out by
2188:The Irish Free State was renamed
1613:British North America Act of 1867
1420:Australian Constitutions Act 1850
871:, once known collectively as the
8659:Governance of the British Empire
8631:
8603:
8591:
8579:
8567:
8555:
8543:
8531:
8519:
8507:
8495:
8483:
8471:
8459:
8015:
8006:
8005:
7418:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5336:The Stateman's Year Book p. 1156
5318:from the original on 18 May 2023
5288:from the original on 3 June 2010
5146:, 24 & 25 Geo. V (UK), c. 2.
5033:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 387β400.
3596:The Penguin History of the World
3432:"Balfour Declaration, Clause II"
2811:Parliament of the United Kingdom
2745:The Republic of Ireland Act 1948
2496:(1960βpresent); now part of the
2484:(1918βpresent); now part of the
2437:(1867β1920): merged to form the
2273:Dominion of Canada Postage Stamp
1825:in what had previously been the
1308:(which included modern southern
1296:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1232:United Nations Trust Territories
1019:Map of the British Empire under
816:
8062:Autonomous types of first-tier
6100:How Canadians Govern Themselves
5973:
5945:
5920:
5902:NgCheong-Lum, Roseline (2009).
5894:
5868:
5843:
5818:
5793:
5779:
5754:
5724:
5677:
5530:
5464:
5431:
5398:
5350:
5339:
5330:
5300:
5245:
5219:British North America Act, 1949
5209:
5179:
5149:
5137:
5093:
5084:
5047:
5020:
4986:
4956:
4930:
4888:
4865:
4835:
4765:
4726:
4693:
4671:
4649:
4604:
4574:
4544:
4535:
4521:
4512:
4503:
4368:
4325:
4293:
4266:from the original on 6 May 2009
4218:
4154:
4120:
4093:
4078:Constitution Act 185 (Tasmania)
4070:
4047:
4024:
3997:
3974:
3821:
3776:
3746:
3642:
3536:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
3329:. The term was also applied to
3004:in 1979 under the terms of the
2860:
2813:on 23 March 1949, prior to the
2801:British North America Act, 1949
2757:
2068:ceased with the passage of the
2014:was restored after 16 years of
1805:, following the tenures of Sir
1571:British North America Act, 1867
1392:restored to direct British rule
1335:British North America Act, 1867
1173:British Commonwealth of Nations
1072:British North America Act, 1867
873:British Commonwealth of Nations
7914:Australian Antarctic Territory
6770:since 1965 (before as part of
6767:British Indian Ocean Territory
6653:, while Tanganyika is part of
6284:since 1960 (before as part of
6176:. Ottawa: the Mortimer Press.
5057:"Indian Independence Act 1947"
4993:Tripathi, Suresh Mani (2016).
4032:Victoria Constitution Act 1855
4009:National Archives of Australia
3630:
3585:
3555:
3523:
3424:
3394:
3365:
3343:Changes in British sovereignty
2849:Statute of Westminster in 1947
2820:
2714:Parliament of Northern Ireland
2299:ritish North America Act, 1867
1680:Canadian Citizenship Act, 1946
1560:, verse eight, "He shall have
1091:for the first time. Two other
525:Intergovernmental organisation
480:Separation of church and state
13:
1:
6014:. New York: Encounter Books.
5929:Heads of State and Government
5852:Heads of State and Government
5802:Heads of State and Government
5763:Heads of State and Government
3105:Commonwealth Relations Office
2555:after 1911, shut down in 1994
2473:Dominion Bureau of Statistics
2439:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
1673:created a separate status of
1439:of the Australian Colonies).
1423:. The Act also separated the
1198:"His/Her Majesty's dominions"
1192:Commonwealth Relations Office
1010:
6225:British Overseas Territories
6144:Martin, R. (November 1994).
5471:Gowlland-Debbas, V. (1990).
5458:10.1093/parlij/23.1969sep.72
5027:William Roger Louis (2006).
3269:, and Malawi. In fact, only
3137:Republic of Ireland Act 1948
3121:British Nationality Act 1948
2943:British South Africa Company
2735:Irish External Relations Act
2655:Indian Independence Act 1947
2633:Government of India Act 1935
2615:Government of India Act 1919
2377:ended the practice of using
2207:
2173:possible exception of Canada
2071:Republic of Ireland Act 1948
1914:
1686:British Nationality Act 1948
322:(socio-political ideologies)
7:
7941:British Antarctic Territory
7651:Western Pacific Territories
7545:
5876:Berewa, Solomon E. (2011).
5518:. Oxford University Press.
5368:. No. 28. p. 171.
3336:
3295:Federal Republic of Nigeria
3208:
3149:Queen of the United Kingdom
3031:William Lyon Mackenzie King
2809:), which was passed in the
2644:(including Muslim-majority
2475:(1918β1971): superseded by
2348:in later acts, such as the
2229:Balfour Declaration of 1926
2172:
2160:Royal Style and Titles Acts
1852:Balfour Declaration of 1926
1797:, set up in 1922 after the
1251:Statute of Westminster 1931
1211:His/Her Majesty's dominions
1168:Statute of Westminster 1931
945:Balfour Declaration of 1926
863:was any of several largely
390:(socio-economic ideologies)
60:List of forms of government
10:
8700:
7679:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
7096:British Arctic Territories
6376:
6269:
6036:Choudry, Sujit. 2001 (?).
5927:Da Graça, John V. (2000).
5850:Da Graça, John V. (2000).
5800:Da Graça, John V. (2000).
5761:Da Graça, John V. (2000).
4821:. I.B.Tauris. p. 49.
4429:. In Hallowell, G. (ed.).
4055:Constitution Act 1855 (SA)
3499:Forsey, E. A.; Hayday, M.
3094:expected Japanese invasion
2971:Central African Federation
2885:(the last two were former
2847:. New Zealand adopted the
2690:Irish Free State / Ireland
2278:
1899:
1714:
1485:New Zealand Prime Minister
1271:
1228:League of Nations mandates
1141:The British government of
992:was intending to become a
29:
8389:
8333:
8252:
8177:
8154:
8146:List of federal countries
8071:
7990:
7959:
7919:Commonwealth of Australia
7877:
7866:
7837:
7789:
7778:
7744:
7551:
7515:
7321:Newfoundland and Labrador
7035:
7024:
7002:League of Nations mandate
6983:
6707:
6696:
6677:Lancaster House Agreement
6647:League of Nations mandate
6636:
6382:
6371:
6275:
6264:
6231:
5357:Roiron, Virginie (2013).
4741:The Canadian Encyclopedia
4739:. In Marsh, J. H. (ed.).
4541:The Statesman's Year Book
4007:, on the Web site of the
3873:10.1080/03086539908583064
3714:10.1017/S073824801300045X
3531:"Parliamentary questions"
3505:The Canadian Encyclopedia
3010:Lancaster House Agreement
2841:Commonwealth of Australia
2831:gave New Zealand its own
2706:United Kingdom Parliament
2581:
2549:Dominion Atlantic Railway
2498:National Research Council
2486:National Research Council
2338:, but does appear in the
2263:
2225:Constitution of Australia
2215:Commonwealth of Australia
2127:
2102:
2078:
2042:
2022:
1993:
1978:
1963:
1940:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1530:London Conference of 1866
1288:representative government
1165:With the adoption of the
511:(geo-cultural ideologies)
32:Dominion (disambiguation)
7449:Turks and Caicos Islands
6756:(protectorate) 1907β1949
6701:
6328:(integrated into the UK)
4847:Canadian Hansard Dataset
4611:Hunter, B., ed. (1996).
4425:Hodgetts, J. E. (2004).
3639:, dated 5 November 1914.
3008:; this lasted until the
2553:Canadian Pacific Railway
2461:Natural Resources Canada
2198:Names of the Irish state
1886:Commission of Government
1821:unable to countenance a
1717:1907 Imperial Conference
1711:1907 Imperial Conference
1691:Commonwealth citizenship
1662:, in the United States.
1507:Dominion of Newfoundland
1480:The New Zealand Observer
1135:1926 Imperial Conference
1085:1907 Imperial Conference
980:should formally replace
941:1926 Imperial Conference
877:colonial self-governance
8674:Legal history of Canada
7732:1919β1942 and 1945β1968
7557:18th and 19th centuries
7373:Queen Charlotte Islands
7333:North-Western Territory
7305:1665β1674 and 1702β1776
6908:1781β1784 and 1795β1819
6573:1923β1965 and 1979β1980
6256:Commonwealth of Nations
6058:Holland, R. F. (1981).
6047:Constitutional Keywords
6040:(based on looseleaf by
6010:Buckley, F. H. (2014).
5542:www.foundingdocs.gov.au
5481:2027/mdp.39015034328206
5450:Oxford University Press
5405:Wood, J. R. T. (2008).
5312:New Zealand Legislation
5308:"Constitution Act 1986"
5130:8 November 2017 at the
4872:Bowden, J.W.J. (2015).
4682:www.foundingdocs.gov.au
4532:, 24 Geo. 5 (UK), c. 2.
4260:"Canadian Independence"
4166:www.foundingdocs.gov.au
4142:www.foundingdocs.gov.au
4102:"Documenting Democracy"
4087:3 December 2007 at the
4082:www.foundingdocs.gov.au
4064:3 December 2007 at the
4059:www.foundingdocs.gov.au
4041:3 December 2007 at the
4036:www.foundingdocs.gov.au
4018:3 December 2007 at the
4013:www.foundingdocs.gov.au
3991:3 December 2007 at the
3986:www.foundingdocs.gov.au
3592:Roberts, J. M. (1995).
3564:"Canadian independence"
3463:Parsons, T. H. (2014).
3321:from 1961 to 1971; and
3126:British nationality law
3063:Arthur Berriedale Keith
2837:Dominion of New Zealand
2797:two referendums in 1948
2710:Commonwealth of Nations
2668:republican constitution
2628:Round Table Conferences
2328:after 1907. The phrase
1831:republican constitution
1742:Dominion of New Zealand
1503:Dominion of New Zealand
1352:North-Western Territory
1247:British nationality law
1111:annexing the island of
1093:self-governing colonies
1077:self-governing colonies
1064:Dominion of New England
974:Commonwealth of Nations
886:Commonwealth of Nations
774:Administrative division
718:International relations
8096:Corporative federalism
8091:Cooperative federalism
7482:West Indies Federation
6671:) and continued as an
6254:Current member of the
6097:Forsey, E. A. (2005).
5144:Newfoundland Act, 1933
4874:"'Dominion': A Lament"
4733:Forsey, E. A. (1999).
4529:Newfoundland Act, 1933
4258:Heard, Andrew (1990).
4147:31 August 2006 at the
3702:Law and History Review
3562:Heard, Andrew (1990).
3317:from 1965 until 1970;
3283:
3059:Statute of Westminster
3050:
2951:Statute of Westminster
2927:
2788:Newfoundland Act, 1933
2678:from Pakistan through
2411:Constitution Act, 1982
2360:Constitution Act, 1867
2351:Statute of Westminster
2341:Constitution Act, 1871
2335:Constitution Act, 1982
2292:Constitution Act, 1867
2276:
2234:Statute of Westminster
2155:accession proclamation
2066:link with the monarchy
1867:Statute of Westminster
1856:Statute of Westminster
1811:Walter Edward Davidson
1773:
1744:on 26 September 1907;
1704:
1683:, following which the
1632:
1607:
1590:
1581:responsible government
1498:
1340:Canadian Confederation
1320:followed in 1851, and
1284:responsible government
1274:Responsible government
1263:Historical development
1127:
1062:about 1660 and on the
1051:Laws in Wales Act 1535
1032:
1028:
950:Statute of Westminster
894:Commonwealth republics
8081:Asymmetric federalism
7404:Saint Kitts and Nevis
6675:state until the 1979
6281:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
6066:. London: Macmillan.
6052:University of Alberta
5736:Hill, J.N.C. (2012).
5684:Jernigan, B. (2008).
5441:Parliamentary Affairs
5119:19 March 2009 at the
4878:The Dorchester Review
4815:Morra, Irene (2016).
4678:Constitution Act 1890
4315:Postmedia Network Inc
4162:Constitution Act 1890
3899:Fransman, L. (2011).
3783:Crawford, J. (1979).
3305:, from 1963 to 1964;
3239:
3203:Canadian constitution
3165:Queen of South Africa
3024:
2922:
2892:South Africa Act 1909
2867:Union of South Africa
2854:Constitution Act 1986
2845:Union of South Africa
2525:Toronto-Dominion Bank
2311:Canadian Encyclopedia
2271:
2239:adopted retroactively
1854:, and the subsequent
1809:in Canada and of Sir
1803:Timothy Michael Healy
1763:
1750:Union of South Africa
1738:Colony of New Zealand
1699:
1608:
1594:
1585:
1526:Samuel Leonard Tilley
1511:Union of South Africa
1477:
1447:In South Africa, the
1368:Northwest Territories
1304:soon followed by the
1278:Self-governing colony
1220:colonies of the Crown
1207:the crown's dominions
1121:
1105:Union of South Africa
1081:British North America
1018:
784:Democratic transition
647:Self-governing colony
244:Military dictatorship
8141:Symmetric federalism
7932:Realm of New Zealand
7930:(transferred to the
7917:(transferred to the
7750:Realm of New Zealand
7351:Prince Edward Island
7229:1671β1816, 1833β1960
6169:Reid, G. H. (1912).
5987:. 30 November 2020.
5548:16 July 2005 at the
4687:22 July 2008 at the
4180:Rayburn, A. (2001).
3501:"Dominion of Canada"
3359:Notes and references
3161:Queen of New Zealand
2453:Dominion Observatory
2316:Usage of the phrase
1879:1947 for New Zealand
1783:Treaty of Versailles
1778:Imperial War Cabinet
1768:poster. Designed by
1566:A Mari Usque Ad Mare
1492:The Surprise Packet:
1429:Colony of Queensland
1318:Prince Edward Island
1230:(which later became
999:After this the term
978:Commonwealth country
8610:Trinidad and Tobago
8381:Territorial dispute
8361:Military occupation
8275:Dependent territory
8237:Supranational union
8212:Multinational state
7963:Since 2009 part of
7855:of AprilβJune 1982.
7442:Trinidad and Tobago
7056:Antigua and Barbuda
6956:Straits Settlements
6156:on 17 October 2005.
6038:"Constitution Acts"
4232:on 22 November 2006
4136:1 June 2011 at the
3760:. 1924. Article 1.
3539:. 5 November 1934.
3301:from 1962 to 1963;
3247:Trinidad and Tobago
3067:Commonwealth realms
3006:Internal Settlement
2883:Orange River Colony
2676:gained independence
2370:Canadian parliament
2289:is employed in the
1869:in December 1931.
1646:and lost or stolen
1469:Orange River Colony
1286:(as distinct from "
898:Commonwealth realms
823:Politics portal
708:Supranational union
617:Dependent territory
530:National government
8439:Tribal sovereignty
8185:Composite monarchy
7115:Cape Breton Island
7006:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
6848:Unfederated States
6663:Southern Rhodesia
6250:Commonwealth realm
6150:The Machray Review
5953:Manorama Year Book
5191:www.heritage.nf.ca
5161:www.heritage.nf.ca
4940:A History of India
4700:Smith, D. (2005).
4455:on 17 March 2015.
3186:Commonwealth realm
3177:new titles in 1953
3157:Queen of Australia
3051:
2928:
2817:of 28 April 1949.
2815:London Declaration
2803:(now known as the
2780:British Government
2772:elected parliament
2601:India and Pakistan
2446:Dominion Lands Act
2393:in 1982. Official
2346:Dominion of Canada
2330:Dominion of Canada
2318:Dominion of Canada
2277:
2257:Australia Act 1986
1890:province of Canada
1875:1942 for Australia
1819:British government
1774:
1538:Province of Canada
1499:
1433:Northern Territory
1425:Colony of Victoria
1306:Province of Canada
1151:Anglo-Irish Treaty
1128:
1060:Colony of Virginia
1029:
905:British government
8447:
8446:
8242:Continental union
8136:Fiscal federalism
8106:Ethnic federalism
8029:
8028:
7986:
7985:
7862:
7861:
7794:Providence Island
7774:
7773:
7739:
7738:
7607:Western Australia
7575:Van Diemen's Land
7511:
7510:
7488:Associated States
7186:Columbia District
7020:
7019:
6874:Manila and Cavite
6692:
6691:
6571:Southern Rhodesia
6565:South-West Africa
6515:Northern Rhodesia
6427:Cape of Good Hope
6367:
6366:
6244:Current territory
6113:978-0-662-39689-5
6073:978-0-333-27295-4
6021:978-1-59403-719-1
5938:978-0-333-78615-4
5887:978-1-4678-8886-8
5861:978-0-333-78615-4
5811:978-0-333-78615-4
5772:978-0-333-78615-4
5747:978-1-349-33471-1
5701:978-1-85109-441-7
5637:978-0-85772-834-0
5610:978-0-7146-4378-6
5490:978-0-7923-0811-9
5416:978-1-42514-807-2
5282:"Dominion status"
4828:978-0-85772-867-8
4750:978-0-7710-2099-5
4711:978-1-876492-15-1
4626:978-0-333-65573-3
4440:978-0-19-541559-9
4400:978-0-684-31366-5
4195:978-0-8020-4725-0
4108:on 1 January 2009
3914:978-1-84592-095-1
3798:978-0-19-825347-1
3607:978-0-14-015495-5
3474:978-1-4422-3529-8
3406:National Archives
3291:Republic of Ghana
3218:High Commissioner
3082:Winston Churchill
3039:Winston Churchill
3029:. Left to right:
3002:Zimbabwe Rhodesia
2963:Northern Rhodesia
2931:Southern Rhodesia
2924:Southern Rhodesia
2915:Southern Rhodesia
2905:House of Assembly
2843:and South Africa
2672:1956 constitution
2477:Statistics Canada
2375:Louis St. Laurent
2309:According to the
2143:
2142:
1957:1867 constitution
1920:List of Dominions
1840:abolished in 1949
1815:William Allardyce
1467:in 1906, and the
1455:.) Following the
1441:Western Australia
1411:Western Australia
1177:League of Nations
1156:League of Nations
867:countries of the
857:
856:
808:
807:
779:Democracy indices
754:
753:
557:
556:
366:Semi-presidential
291:
290:
16:(Redirected from
8691:
8669:Irish Free State
8644:
8636:
8635:
8634:
8624:
8608:
8607:
8606:
8596:
8595:
8594:
8584:
8583:
8582:
8572:
8571:
8570:
8560:
8559:
8558:
8548:
8547:
8536:
8535:
8534:
8524:
8523:
8522:
8512:
8511:
8510:
8500:
8499:
8498:
8488:
8487:
8486:
8476:
8475:
8474:
8464:
8463:
8462:
8455:
8424:Stateless nation
8409:Decentralization
8260:Associated state
8121:Federal republic
8116:Federal monarchy
8056:
8049:
8042:
8033:
8032:
8019:
8009:
8008:
7974:Antarctic Treaty
7935:
7922:
7907:Falkland Islands
7899:Tristan da Cunha
7891:Ascension Island
7868:
7867:
7819:Falkland Islands
7780:
7779:
7748:Now part of the
7620:Pitcairn Islands
7585:Auckland Islands
7554:
7553:
7540:
7533:
7526:
7517:
7516:
7502:Windward Islands
7456:Vancouver Island
7233:MassachusettsBay
7102:British Columbia
7026:
7025:
6842:Federated States
6698:
6697:
6608:Tristan da Cunha
6577:Southern Nigeria
6509:Northern Nigeria
6388:Ascension Island
6373:
6372:
6329:
6266:
6265:
6240:Former territory
6237:
6213:
6206:
6199:
6190:
6189:
6185:
6157:
6140:
6138:
6136:
6130:
6105:
6093:
6065:
6033:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5996:
5977:
5971:
5970:
5964:
5956:
5949:
5943:
5942:
5924:
5918:
5917:
5913:978-07614-5668-1
5898:
5892:
5891:
5872:
5866:
5865:
5847:
5841:
5840:
5822:
5816:
5815:
5797:
5791:
5783:
5777:
5776:
5758:
5752:
5751:
5733:
5728:
5722:
5721:
5689:
5687:"British Empire"
5681:
5675:
5674:
5656:
5650:
5649:
5621:
5615:
5614:
5594:
5588:
5587:
5569:
5559:
5553:
5534:
5528:
5527:
5509:
5503:
5502:
5468:
5462:
5461:
5435:
5429:
5428:
5402:
5396:
5395:
5379:
5370:
5369:
5363:
5354:
5348:
5343:
5337:
5334:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5323:
5304:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5278:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5264:
5249:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5232:
5225:
5213:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5183:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5153:
5147:
5141:
5135:
5097:
5091:
5088:
5082:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5051:
5045:
5044:
5024:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5013:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4960:
4954:
4953:
4934:
4928:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4909:
4907:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4839:
4833:
4832:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4738:
4730:
4724:
4723:
4697:
4691:
4675:
4669:
4668:
4667:on 22 July 2008.
4653:
4647:
4646:
4618:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4588:. Archived from
4586:Republic of Rumi
4578:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4548:
4542:
4539:
4533:
4525:
4519:
4516:
4510:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4490:
4488:
4473:
4464:
4463:
4451:. Archived from
4422:
4413:
4412:
4386:
4380:
4379:, UKPC 25 (PC).
4372:
4366:
4365:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4317:. Archived from
4297:
4291:
4285:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4255:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4187:
4177:
4168:
4158:
4152:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4104:. Archived from
4097:
4091:
4074:
4068:
4051:
4045:
4028:
4022:
4001:
3995:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3948:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3906:
3896:
3885:
3884:
3856:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3790:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3725:
3697:
3688:
3687:
3681:
3679:
3664:
3655:
3648:Order quoted in
3646:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3599:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3575:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3496:
3487:
3486:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3443:
3436:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3384:
3369:
3074:Second World War
3037:(South Africa);
2899:consisting of a
2889:republics). The
2806:Newfoundland Act
2792:Dominions Office
2768:Great Depression
2751:Ireland Act 1949
2721:new constitution
2696:Irish Free State
2674:. East Pakistan
2620:Simon Commission
2573:Historica Canada
2305:
2295:(originally the
2201:
2186:
2180:
2151:
2055:
2048:
2044:Irish Free State
1924:
1923:
1795:Irish Free State
1789:Irish Free State
1660:Washington, D.C.
1599:Governor General
1384:British Columbia
1256:Ireland Act 1949
1184:Second World War
1147:Irish Free State
1109:Order in Council
1075:, the partially
937:Irish Free State
890:Old Commonwealth
884:into the modern
882:Second World War
849:
842:
835:
821:
820:
768:
767:
612:Associated state
570:
569:
545:Internationalism
535:World government
512:
391:
323:
304:
303:
278:Free association
265:
226:
145:
88:
76:
75:
39:
38:
21:
8699:
8698:
8694:
8693:
8692:
8690:
8689:
8688:
8649:
8648:
8647:
8637:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8623:sister projects
8620:at Knowledge's
8614:
8604:
8602:
8592:
8590:
8580:
8578:
8568:
8566:
8556:
8554:
8542:
8532:
8530:
8520:
8518:
8508:
8506:
8496:
8494:
8484:
8482:
8472:
8470:
8460:
8458:
8450:
8448:
8443:
8402:Autonomous area
8385:
8329:
8320:Tributary state
8310:Satellite state
8248:
8222:Political union
8205:Colonial empire
8173:
8150:
8126:Federated state
8101:Dual federalism
8067:
8060:
8030:
8025:
7982:
7955:
7929:
7927:Ross Dependency
7916:
7873:
7858:
7833:
7785:
7770:
7740:
7735:
7691:
7686:Solomon Islands
7633:North Australia
7613:South Australia
7569:New South Wales
7547:
7544:
7507:
7227:Leeward Islands
7031:
7016:
6979:
6886:Muscat and Oman
6703:
6688:
6632:
6378:
6363:
6327:
6271:
6260:
6235:
6227:
6217:
6165:
6163:Further reading
6160:
6134:
6132:
6128:
6114:
6103:
6074:
6022:
6005:
6004:
5994:
5992:
5979:
5978:
5974:
5958:
5957:
5951:
5950:
5946:
5939:
5925:
5921:
5914:
5899:
5895:
5888:
5873:
5869:
5862:
5848:
5844:
5837:
5823:
5819:
5812:
5798:
5794:
5784:
5780:
5773:
5759:
5755:
5748:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5702:
5682:
5678:
5657:
5653:
5638:
5622:
5618:
5611:
5595:
5591:
5560:
5556:
5550:Wayback Machine
5535:
5531:
5510:
5506:
5491:
5469:
5465:
5436:
5432:
5417:
5403:
5399:
5380:
5373:
5361:
5355:
5351:
5344:
5340:
5335:
5331:
5321:
5319:
5306:
5305:
5301:
5291:
5289:
5280:
5279:
5272:
5262:
5260:
5251:
5250:
5246:
5236:
5234:
5230:
5223:
5215:
5214:
5210:
5200:
5198:
5185:
5184:
5180:
5170:
5168:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5142:
5138:
5132:Wayback Machine
5121:Wayback Machine
5098:
5094:
5089:
5085:
5080:
5076:
5066:
5064:
5055:
5052:
5048:
5041:
5025:
5021:
5011:
5009:
5007:
4991:
4987:
4977:
4975:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4951:
4935:
4931:
4923:
4919:
4905:
4903:
4902:on 11 July 2006
4894:
4893:
4889:
4870:
4866:
4856:
4854:
4841:
4840:
4836:
4829:
4813:
4809:
4786:10.2307/2192530
4770:
4766:
4751:
4731:
4727:
4712:
4698:
4694:
4689:Wayback Machine
4676:
4672:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4627:
4609:
4605:
4595:
4593:
4592:on 14 June 2013
4580:
4579:
4575:
4565:
4563:
4550:
4549:
4545:
4540:
4536:
4526:
4522:
4517:
4513:
4508:
4504:
4486:
4484:
4483:on 13 July 2007
4475:
4474:
4467:
4441:
4423:
4416:
4401:
4387:
4383:
4373:
4369:
4346:10.2307/2192530
4330:
4326:
4321:on 15 May 2014.
4303:(15 May 2014).
4298:
4294:
4286:
4279:
4269:
4267:
4256:
4245:
4235:
4233:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4196:
4178:
4171:
4159:
4155:
4149:Wayback Machine
4138:Wayback Machine
4125:
4121:
4111:
4109:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4089:Wayback Machine
4075:
4071:
4066:Wayback Machine
4052:
4048:
4043:Wayback Machine
4029:
4025:
4020:Wayback Machine
4002:
3998:
3993:Wayback Machine
3979:
3975:
3965:
3963:
3958:. 22 May 2023.
3950:
3949:
3942:
3932:
3930:
3915:
3897:
3888:
3857:
3848:
3838:
3836:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3799:
3781:
3777:
3767:
3765:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3708:(4): 749β791 .
3698:
3691:
3677:
3675:
3666:
3665:
3658:
3647:
3643:
3635:
3631:
3608:
3590:
3586:
3573:
3571:
3560:
3556:
3546:
3544:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3514:
3512:
3497:
3490:
3475:
3461:
3457:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3411:
3409:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3382:
3380:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3339:
3226:
3153:Queen of Canada
3045:(New Zealand);
3019:
2959:Colonial Office
2955:Dominion Office
2917:
2895:provided for a
2863:
2823:
2764:First World War
2760:
2725:successor state
2692:
2622:1927β1930, and
2603:
2584:
2559:Dominion Stores
2529:Bank of Toronto
2435:Dominion Police
2406:Parliament Hill
2303:
2283:
2266:
2249:to appoint Sir
2210:
2205:
2204:
2187:
2183:
2152:
2148:
2053:
2049:
2046:
1922:
1917:
1909:White Dominions
1904:
1898:
1896:White Dominions
1848:
1807:Gordon Drummond
1799:Anglo-Irish War
1791:
1766:First World War
1758:
1727:First World War
1723:Second Boer War
1719:
1713:
1667:British subject
1618:British Monarch
1603:British Monarch
1532:discussing the
1522:
1496:
1494:
1457:Second Boer War
1453:Colony of Natal
1415:South Australia
1403:New South Wales
1378:. In 1871, the
1280:
1272:Main articles:
1270:
1265:
1200:
1131:Dominion status
1013:
913:Colonial Office
909:Dominion Office
853:
815:
810:
809:
796:Democratisation
789:Autocratization
765:
757:
756:
755:
712:
673:
652:Tributary state
642:Satellite state
597:
567:
566:Power structure
559:
558:
510:
509:
491:
462:
448:
439:Totalitarianism
389:
388:
370:
321:
320:
301:
293:
292:
287:
263:
255:
220:
212:
143:
135:
82:
73:
72:Source of power
50:Basic forms of
44:Politics series
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Dominion status
15:
12:
11:
5:
8697:
8687:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8646:
8645:
8616:
8613:
8612:
8600:
8588:
8576:
8564:
8552:
8540:
8528:
8516:
8504:
8492:
8490:United Kingdom
8480:
8478:British Empire
8468:
8445:
8444:
8442:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8405:
8404:
8393:
8391:
8387:
8386:
8384:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8337:
8335:
8331:
8330:
8328:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8256:
8254:
8250:
8249:
8247:
8246:
8245:
8244:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8217:Personal union
8214:
8209:
8208:
8207:
8197:
8195:Dynastic union
8192:
8187:
8181:
8179:
8175:
8174:
8172:
8171:
8169:Regional state
8166:
8160:
8158:
8152:
8151:
8149:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8077:
8075:
8069:
8068:
8066:administration
8059:
8058:
8051:
8044:
8036:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8023:
8013:
8003:
7997:
7991:
7988:
7987:
7984:
7983:
7981:
7980:
7977:
7970:
7960:
7957:
7956:
7954:
7953:
7945:
7937:
7924:
7911:
7903:
7895:
7887:
7878:
7875:
7874:
7864:
7863:
7860:
7859:
7857:
7856:
7849:
7838:
7835:
7834:
7832:
7831:
7823:
7815:
7809:
7803:
7800:Willoughbyland
7797:
7790:
7787:
7786:
7776:
7775:
7772:
7771:
7769:
7768:
7758:
7752:
7745:
7742:
7741:
7737:
7736:
7734:
7733:
7727:
7721:
7714:
7707:
7701:
7694:
7692:
7690:
7689:
7682:
7676:
7670:
7660:
7654:
7648:
7642:
7636:
7630:
7624:
7616:
7610:
7600:
7594:
7588:
7582:
7572:
7565:
7562:
7561:
7558:
7552:
7549:
7548:
7543:
7542:
7535:
7528:
7520:
7513:
7512:
7509:
7508:
7506:
7505:
7499:
7493:
7492:
7491:
7479:
7473:
7467:
7463:Virgin Islands
7459:
7453:
7445:
7439:
7433:
7430:South Carolina
7427:
7421:
7414:
7407:
7400:
7394:
7388:
7382:
7376:
7366:
7360:
7354:
7348:
7342:
7336:
7330:
7327:North Carolina
7324:
7318:
7312:
7306:
7300:
7294:
7288:
7282:
7276:
7270:
7264:
7261:Mosquito Coast
7258:
7250:
7244:
7243:
7242:
7230:
7224:
7217:
7211:
7205:
7199:
7193:
7190:Oregon Country
7183:
7179:Cayman Islands
7175:
7169:
7168:
7167:
7161:
7155:
7149:
7137:
7130:
7124:
7118:
7112:
7111:
7110:
7099:
7093:
7085:
7078:
7072:
7066:
7059:
7052:
7045:
7036:
7033:
7032:
7022:
7021:
7018:
7017:
7015:
7014:
7008:
6999:
6984:
6981:
6980:
6978:
6977:
6971:
6968:Trucial States
6965:
6959:
6953:
6947:
6941:
6940:
6939:
6927:
6921:
6915:
6909:
6903:
6902:
6901:
6889:
6883:
6877:
6871:
6865:
6864:
6863:
6857:
6851:
6845:
6833:
6827:
6821:
6815:
6809:
6803:
6797:
6791:
6785:
6779:
6763:
6757:
6751:
6745:
6735:
6729:
6728:
6727:
6715:
6708:
6705:
6704:
6694:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6686:
6680:
6661:Self-governing
6658:
6644:
6637:
6634:
6633:
6631:
6630:
6624:
6618:
6612:
6604:
6598:
6592:
6586:
6580:
6574:
6568:
6562:
6556:
6550:
6544:
6538:
6530:
6524:
6518:
6512:
6506:
6500:
6494:
6488:
6482:
6476:
6470:
6464:
6454:
6448:
6442:
6436:
6433:Central Africa
6430:
6424:
6418:
6412:
6402:
6392:
6383:
6380:
6379:
6369:
6368:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6361:
6355:
6354:
6353:
6347:
6338:
6337:
6336:
6321:
6318:Ionian Islands
6315:
6309:
6301:
6295:
6289:
6276:
6273:
6272:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6252:
6246:
6241:
6238:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6221:British Empire
6216:
6215:
6208:
6201:
6193:
6187:
6186:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6158:
6141:
6112:
6094:
6072:
6055:
6042:Hogg, Peter W.
6034:
6020:
6006:
6003:
6002:
5972:
5944:
5937:
5919:
5912:
5893:
5886:
5867:
5860:
5842:
5835:
5817:
5810:
5792:
5778:
5771:
5753:
5746:
5723:
5700:
5676:
5651:
5636:
5616:
5609:
5589:
5554:
5529:
5504:
5489:
5463:
5430:
5415:
5397:
5371:
5349:
5338:
5329:
5299:
5270:
5244:
5208:
5178:
5148:
5136:
5092:
5083:
5074:
5046:
5039:
5019:
5005:
4985:
4955:
4949:
4929:
4917:
4913:Confederation.
4887:
4864:
4834:
4827:
4807:
4764:
4749:
4725:
4710:
4692:
4670:
4648:
4625:
4603:
4573:
4543:
4534:
4520:
4511:
4502:
4465:
4439:
4414:
4399:
4381:
4367:
4324:
4292:
4277:
4243:
4217:
4194:
4169:
4153:
4119:
4092:
4069:
4046:
4023:
3996:
3973:
3940:
3913:
3886:
3867:(2): 193β212.
3846:
3820:
3797:
3775:
3745:
3689:
3656:
3641:
3629:
3606:
3584:
3554:
3522:
3488:
3473:
3455:
3423:
3393:
3377:London Gazette
3363:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3338:
3335:
3327:State of Malta
3225:
3222:
3018:
3015:
2935:British Empire
2916:
2913:
2862:
2859:
2822:
2819:
2759:
2756:
2691:
2688:
2680:Liberation War
2638:Cripps Mission
2602:
2599:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2566:
2565:stores in 2008
2556:
2545:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2520:, opened 1871
2514:
2504:
2503:
2491:
2479:
2470:
2463:
2450:
2442:
2432:
2326:British Empire
2265:
2262:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2181:
2177:Name of Canada
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2100:
2099:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2040:
2039:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2005:The colony of
2003:
2000:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1897:
1894:
1847:
1844:
1790:
1787:
1757:
1754:
1715:Main article:
1712:
1709:
1675:Irish national
1669:. In 1935 the
1521:
1515:
1461:Boer Republics
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1199:
1196:
1182:Following the
1162:and a state".
1021:Queen Victoria
1012:
1009:
869:British Empire
865:self-governing
855:
854:
852:
851:
844:
837:
829:
826:
825:
812:
811:
806:
805:
804:
803:
801:Hybrid regimes
798:
793:
792:
791:
781:
776:
766:
763:
762:
759:
758:
752:
751:
750:
749:
744:
739:
734:
732:Regional power
729:
721:
720:
714:
713:
711:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
682:
681:
675:
674:
672:
671:
666:
661:
654:
649:
644:
639:
637:Puppet monarch
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
606:
605:
599:
598:
596:
595:
590:
585:
577:
576:
568:
565:
564:
561:
560:
555:
554:
553:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
514:
513:
508:
507:
502:
496:
493:
492:
490:
489:
488:
487:
482:
472:
470:State religion
464:
463:
461:
460:
457:
453:
450:
449:
447:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
393:
392:
387:
386:
381:
375:
372:
371:
369:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
341:Constitutional
338:
333:
325:
324:
319:
318:
313:
307:
302:
300:Power ideology
299:
298:
295:
294:
289:
288:
286:
285:
280:
275:
267:
266:
264:(rule by none)
257:
256:
254:
253:
248:
247:
246:
236:
228:
227:
214:
213:
211:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
147:
146:
137:
136:
134:
133:
128:
123:
118:
116:Representative
113:
108:
103:
98:
90:
89:
74:
71:
70:
67:
66:
55:
54:
47:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8696:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8656:
8654:
8643:from Wikidata
8642:
8641:
8629:
8628:
8625:
8619:
8611:
8601:
8599:
8589:
8587:
8577:
8575:
8565:
8563:
8553:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8539:
8529:
8527:
8517:
8515:
8505:
8503:
8493:
8491:
8481:
8479:
8469:
8467:
8457:
8456:
8453:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8403:
8400:
8399:
8398:
8395:
8394:
8392:
8388:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8338:
8336:
8332:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8290:Indirect rule
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8257:
8255:
8251:
8243:
8240:
8239:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8206:
8203:
8202:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8190:Dual monarchy
8188:
8186:
8183:
8182:
8180:
8176:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8161:
8159:
8157:
8156:Unitary state
8153:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8086:Confederation
8084:
8082:
8079:
8078:
8076:
8074:
8070:
8065:
8057:
8052:
8050:
8045:
8043:
8038:
8037:
8034:
8022:
8018:
8014:
8012:
8004:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7992:
7989:
7978:
7975:
7971:
7968:
7967:
7962:
7961:
7958:
7951:
7950:
7946:
7943:
7942:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7912:
7909:
7908:
7904:
7901:
7900:
7896:
7893:
7892:
7888:
7885:
7884:
7880:
7879:
7876:
7869:
7865:
7854:
7853:Falklands War
7850:
7848:
7844:
7840:
7839:
7836:
7829:
7828:
7824:
7821:
7820:
7816:
7813:
7810:
7807:
7804:
7801:
7798:
7795:
7792:
7791:
7788:
7784:South America
7781:
7777:
7767:
7763:
7759:
7757:
7753:
7751:
7747:
7746:
7743:
7731:
7728:
7725:
7722:
7719:
7715:
7712:
7708:
7705:
7702:
7699:
7696:
7695:
7693:
7687:
7683:
7680:
7677:
7674:
7673:Union Islands
7671:
7668:
7664:
7661:
7658:
7655:
7652:
7649:
7646:
7643:
7640:
7637:
7634:
7631:
7628:
7625:
7622:
7621:
7617:
7614:
7611:
7608:
7604:
7601:
7598:
7595:
7592:
7589:
7586:
7583:
7580:
7576:
7573:
7570:
7567:
7566:
7564:
7563:
7559:
7556:
7555:
7550:
7541:
7536:
7534:
7529:
7527:
7522:
7521:
7518:
7514:
7503:
7500:
7497:
7494:
7489:
7486:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7477:
7474:
7471:
7468:
7465:
7464:
7460:
7457:
7454:
7451:
7450:
7446:
7443:
7440:
7437:
7434:
7431:
7428:
7425:
7422:
7419:
7415:
7412:
7408:
7405:
7401:
7398:
7395:
7392:
7389:
7386:
7385:Rupert's Land
7383:
7380:
7377:
7374:
7370:
7367:
7364:
7361:
7358:
7355:
7352:
7349:
7346:
7345:Paulet affair
7343:
7340:
7337:
7334:
7331:
7328:
7325:
7322:
7319:
7316:
7313:
7310:
7307:
7304:
7301:
7298:
7295:
7292:
7291:New Hampshire
7289:
7286:
7283:
7280:
7279:New Brunswick
7277:
7274:
7271:
7268:
7265:
7262:
7259:
7256:
7255:
7251:
7248:
7245:
7240:
7237:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7228:
7225:
7222:
7218:
7215:
7212:
7209:
7206:
7203:
7200:
7197:
7194:
7191:
7187:
7184:
7181:
7180:
7176:
7173:
7170:
7165:
7162:
7159:
7156:
7153:
7150:
7147:
7144:
7143:
7142:
7138:
7135:
7131:
7128:
7125:
7122:
7119:
7116:
7113:
7109:
7106:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7097:
7094:
7091:
7090:
7086:
7083:
7079:
7076:
7073:
7070:
7067:
7064:
7060:
7057:
7053:
7050:
7046:
7043:
7042:
7038:
7037:
7034:
7030:North America
7027:
7023:
7013:
7009:
7007:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6994:
6990:
6986:
6985:
6982:
6975:
6972:
6969:
6966:
6963:
6960:
6957:
6954:
6951:
6950:South Vietnam
6948:
6945:
6942:
6937:
6934:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6925:
6922:
6919:
6916:
6913:
6910:
6907:
6904:
6899:
6896:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6887:
6884:
6881:
6878:
6875:
6872:
6869:
6866:
6861:
6858:
6855:
6852:
6849:
6846:
6843:
6840:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6831:
6828:
6825:
6822:
6819:
6816:
6813:
6810:
6807:
6804:
6801:
6798:
6795:
6792:
6789:
6786:
6783:
6780:
6777:
6773:
6769:
6768:
6764:
6761:
6758:
6755:
6752:
6749:
6746:
6743:
6739:
6736:
6733:
6730:
6725:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6713:
6710:
6709:
6706:
6699:
6695:
6685:
6681:
6678:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6662:
6659:
6656:
6652:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6639:
6638:
6635:
6628:
6625:
6622:
6619:
6616:
6613:
6610:
6609:
6605:
6602:
6599:
6596:
6593:
6590:
6587:
6584:
6581:
6578:
6575:
6572:
6569:
6566:
6563:
6560:
6557:
6554:
6551:
6548:
6545:
6542:
6539:
6536:
6535:
6531:
6528:
6525:
6522:
6519:
6516:
6513:
6510:
6507:
6504:
6501:
6498:
6495:
6492:
6489:
6486:
6483:
6480:
6477:
6474:
6471:
6468:
6465:
6462:
6458:
6455:
6452:
6449:
6446:
6443:
6440:
6437:
6434:
6431:
6428:
6425:
6422:
6419:
6416:
6413:
6410:
6406:
6403:
6400:
6396:
6393:
6390:
6389:
6385:
6384:
6381:
6374:
6370:
6359:
6356:
6351:
6348:
6345:
6342:
6341:
6339:
6334:
6331:
6330:
6325:
6322:
6319:
6316:
6313:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6302:
6299:
6296:
6293:
6290:
6287:
6283:
6282:
6278:
6277:
6274:
6267:
6263:
6257:
6253:
6251:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6239:
6234:
6233:
6230:
6226:
6222:
6214:
6209:
6207:
6202:
6200:
6195:
6194:
6191:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6174:
6167:
6166:
6155:
6151:
6147:
6142:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6109:
6102:
6101:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6069:
6064:
6063:
6056:
6053:
6049:
6048:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6017:
6013:
6008:
6007:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5976:
5968:
5962:
5954:
5948:
5940:
5934:
5930:
5923:
5915:
5909:
5905:
5897:
5889:
5883:
5879:
5871:
5863:
5857:
5853:
5846:
5838:
5836:3-928049-69-0
5832:
5828:
5821:
5813:
5807:
5803:
5796:
5789:
5782:
5774:
5768:
5764:
5757:
5749:
5743:
5739:
5727:
5719:
5715:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5697:
5693:
5688:
5680:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5663:
5655:
5647:
5643:
5639:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5620:
5612:
5606:
5602:
5601:
5593:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5573:
5568:
5567:
5558:
5551:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5516:
5508:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5467:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5442:
5434:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5412:
5408:
5401:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5378:
5376:
5367:
5360:
5353:
5347:
5342:
5333:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5303:
5287:
5284:. NZHistory.
5283:
5277:
5275:
5258:
5254:
5248:
5229:
5222:
5220:
5212:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5182:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5145:
5140:
5133:
5129:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5115:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5096:
5087:
5078:
5062:
5058:
5050:
5042:
5040:9781845113476
5036:
5032:
5031:
5023:
5008:
5006:9783960670032
5002:
4998:
4997:
4989:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4959:
4952:
4950:9780415329194
4946:
4942:
4941:
4933:
4926:
4921:
4914:
4901:
4897:
4891:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4868:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4830:
4824:
4820:
4819:
4811:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4768:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4746:
4742:
4737:
4729:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4707:
4703:
4696:
4690:
4686:
4683:
4679:
4674:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4622:
4617:
4616:
4607:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4577:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4547:
4538:
4531:
4530:
4524:
4515:
4506:
4499:
4497:
4482:
4478:
4472:
4470:
4462:
4460:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4421:
4419:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4377:
4371:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4328:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4311:
4310:National Post
4306:
4302:
4301:Buckley, F.H.
4296:
4289:
4284:
4282:
4265:
4261:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4231:
4227:
4221:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4191:
4186:
4185:
4176:
4174:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4123:
4107:
4103:
4096:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4079:
4073:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4050:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3945:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3910:
3905:
3904:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3834:
3830:
3824:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3794:
3789:
3788:
3779:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3694:
3686:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3661:
3654:
3651:
3645:
3638:
3633:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3588:
3581:
3569:
3565:
3558:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3526:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3495:
3493:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3470:
3466:
3459:
3440:
3433:
3427:
3420:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3390:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3231:Kwame Nkrumah
3221:
3219:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3200:
3199:head of state
3196:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2994:sterling area
2991:
2987:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2925:
2921:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2650:East Pakistan
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2606:British India
2598:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:Dominion Bank
2515:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2312:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2282:
2274:
2270:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2243:James Scullin
2240:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2146:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2108:East Pakistan
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2052:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1925:
1912:
1910:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1843:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1771:
1770:Arthur Wardle
1767:
1762:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1577:Eugene Forsey
1573:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1554:New Brunswick
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1534:confederation
1531:
1527:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1483:(1907) shows
1482:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1348:Rupert's Land
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1322:New Brunswick
1319:
1315:
1312:and southern
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1238:, not merely
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:protectorates
1221:
1218:and were not
1217:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1107:in 1910. The
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1008:
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
970:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
951:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
903:In 1925, the
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
850:
845:
843:
838:
836:
831:
830:
828:
827:
824:
819:
814:
813:
802:
799:
797:
794:
790:
787:
786:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
770:
769:
761:
760:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
723:
722:
719:
716:
715:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
688:Confederation
686:
685:
684:
683:
680:
677:
676:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
659:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
609:
608:
607:
604:
601:
600:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
583:Unitary state
581:
580:
579:
578:
575:
572:
571:
563:
562:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
517:
516:
515:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
495:
494:
486:
485:State atheism
483:
481:
478:
477:
476:
475:Secular state
473:
471:
468:
467:
466:
465:
458:
455:
454:
452:
451:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
396:
395:
394:
385:
382:
380:
379:Authoritarian
377:
376:
374:
373:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
356:Parliamentary
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
328:
327:
326:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
306:
305:
297:
296:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
270:
269:
268:
262:
259:
258:
252:
249:
245:
242:
241:
240:
237:
235:
232:
231:
230:
229:
224:
219:
216:
215:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
149:
148:
144:(rule by few)
142:
139:
138:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
93:
92:
91:
86:
81:
78:
77:
69:
68:
65:
62:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
8684:Client state
8638:
8617:
8586:South Africa
8429:Subsidiarity
8325:Vassal state
8305:Puppet state
8300:Protectorate
8284:
8265:Client state
7964:
7947:
7939:
7905:
7897:
7889:
7883:Saint Helena
7881:
7825:
7817:
7667:Cook Islands
7618:
7591:New Hebrides
7560:20th century
7476:West Florida
7461:
7447:
7379:Rhode Island
7357:Pennsylvania
7315:Newfoundland
7252:
7177:
7127:East Florida
7098:16th c.β1880
7087:
7039:
6936:Crown Colony
6924:Pulo Condore
6898:Crown Colony
6892:North Borneo
6765:
6724:Protectorate
6673:unrecognised
6667:in 1965 (as
6606:
6559:South Africa
6547:Sierra Leone
6534:Saint Helena
6532:
6527:Orange River
6405:Bechuanaland
6386:
6344:Protectorate
6303:
6279:
6243:
6223:and Current
6171:
6154:the original
6149:
6133:. Retrieved
6099:
6061:
6045:
6011:
5993:. Retrieved
5984:
5975:
5952:
5947:
5928:
5922:
5903:
5896:
5877:
5870:
5851:
5845:
5826:
5820:
5801:
5795:
5787:
5781:
5762:
5756:
5737:
5726:
5691:
5679:
5661:
5654:
5626:
5619:
5599:
5592:
5565:
5557:
5541:
5536:
5532:
5514:
5507:
5472:
5466:
5445:
5439:
5433:
5406:
5400:
5383:
5365:
5352:
5341:
5332:
5320:. Retrieved
5311:
5302:
5290:. Retrieved
5261:. Retrieved
5247:
5235:. Retrieved
5218:
5211:
5199:. Retrieved
5190:
5181:
5169:. Retrieved
5160:
5151:
5143:
5139:
5108:
5095:
5086:
5077:
5065:. Retrieved
5049:
5029:
5022:
5010:. Retrieved
4995:
4988:
4976:. Retrieved
4967:
4958:
4939:
4932:
4920:
4911:
4904:. Retrieved
4900:the original
4890:
4881:
4877:
4867:
4855:. Retrieved
4846:
4837:
4817:
4810:
4780:(1): 34β49.
4777:
4773:
4767:
4740:
4728:
4701:
4695:
4677:
4673:
4665:the original
4660:
4651:
4614:
4606:
4594:. Retrieved
4590:the original
4585:
4576:
4564:. Retrieved
4555:
4546:
4537:
4528:
4523:
4514:
4505:
4492:
4485:. Retrieved
4481:the original
4458:
4456:
4453:the original
4430:
4390:
4384:
4375:
4370:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4319:the original
4308:
4295:
4290:, p. 3.
4268:. Retrieved
4234:. Retrieved
4230:the original
4220:
4183:
4161:
4160:Link to the
4156:
4129:
4122:
4110:. Retrieved
4106:the original
4095:
4077:
4076:Link to the
4072:
4054:
4053:Link to the
4049:
4031:
4030:Link to the
4026:
4004:
4003:Link to the
3999:
3981:
3980:Link to the
3976:
3964:. Retrieved
3955:
3931:. Retrieved
3902:
3864:
3860:
3837:. Retrieved
3823:
3786:
3778:
3766:. Retrieved
3757:
3748:
3705:
3701:
3683:
3676:. Retrieved
3649:
3644:
3636:
3632:
3595:
3587:
3579:
3572:. Retrieved
3557:
3545:. Retrieved
3534:
3525:
3513:. Retrieved
3504:
3464:
3458:
3446:. Retrieved
3426:
3417:
3410:. Retrieved
3405:
3396:
3388:
3381:. Retrieved
3376:
3367:
3348:Colonisation
3319:Sierra Leone
3284:
3275:Sierra Leone
3240:
3227:
3215:
3206:
3190:
3184:
3180:
3172:
3168:
3145:Elizabeth II
3142:
3136:
3130:
3120:
3117:
3101:India Office
3098:
3090:7th Division
3071:
3055:armed forces
3052:
3043:Peter Fraser
2983:
2948:
2929:
2909:South Africa
2891:
2864:
2861:South Africa
2853:
2827:
2824:
2804:
2800:
2787:
2761:
2758:Newfoundland
2750:
2744:
2734:
2718:
2700:
2693:
2658:and ensuing
2654:
2632:
2624:Nehru Report
2614:
2604:
2585:
2505:
2444:
2426:Dominion Day
2418:
2416:
2409:
2403:
2398:
2395:bilingualism
2387:Dominion Day
2382:
2378:
2364:
2359:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2315:
2310:
2308:
2298:
2291:
2286:
2284:
2255:
2251:Isaac Isaacs
2232:
2218:
2211:
2184:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2149:
2110:, but excl.
2096:constitution
2070:
2035:
2024:South Africa
2018:by Britain.
2007:Newfoundland
1995:Newfoundland
1952:
1908:
1905:
1883:
1871:
1860:
1849:
1792:
1775:
1746:Newfoundland
1735:
1731:
1720:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1685:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1633:
1609:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1570:
1561:
1523:
1518:
1500:
1491:
1478:
1446:
1418:
1400:
1388:Newfoundland
1380:Crown Colony
1360:Saskatchewan
1343:
1334:
1326:Newfoundland
1300:
1292:legislatures
1281:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1187:
1181:
1167:
1164:
1143:Lloyd George
1140:
1130:
1129:
1101:Newfoundland
1088:
1071:
1068:
1055:
1050:
1041:
1039:
1030:
1004:
1000:
998:
981:
977:
971:
949:
943:through the
933:South Africa
929:Newfoundland
907:created the
902:
889:
872:
860:
858:
737:Middle power
664:Vassal state
658:Buffer state
656:
632:Puppet state
627:Protectorate
621:
603:Client state
593:Principality
419:Distributism
361:Presidential
239:Dictatorship
163:Gerontocracy
85:rule by many
58:
42:Part of the
36:
8598:New Zealand
8356:Irredentism
8334:Development
8315:Trusteeship
8280:Direct rule
8253:Subordinacy
8064:subdivision
8000:Anglosphere
7718:New Zealand
7627:New Zealand
7496:West Jersey
7411:Saint Lucia
7397:Saint Kitts
7391:Saint Croix
7371:1763β1791*
7339:Nova Scotia
7285:New England
7241:, 1691β1776
7208:East Jersey
7196:Connecticut
7075:Bay Islands
6962:Transjordan
6880:Mesopotamia
6718:Afghanistan
6712:Aden Colony
6497:Niger Coast
6463:) 1874β1957
6439:East Africa
6421:Cape Colony
6411:) 1884β1966
6401:) 1868β1966
5448:(1969sep).
4925:Forsey 2005
4884:(2): 58β64.
4288:Forsey 2005
3839:13 February
3678:13 February
3574:12 February
3151:, but also
3078:John Curtin
3049:(Australia)
3047:John Curtin
2939:territories
2871:Cape Colony
2821:New Zealand
2686:, in 1971.
2646:East Bengal
2467:Peace Tower
2366:Frank Scott
2356:capitalised
2175:; see also
2054:(1937β1949)
2047:(1922β1937)
2016:direct rule
2012:legislature
1980:New Zealand
1550:Nova Scotia
1488:Joseph Ward
1449:Cape Colony
1396:referendums
1302:Nova Scotia
1236:sovereignty
1205:The phrase
1097:New Zealand
925:New Zealand
742:Great power
727:Small power
669:Viceroyalty
540:Nationalism
404:Colonialism
384:Libertarian
346:Directorial
223:rule by one
203:Technocracy
198:Stratocracy
178:Meritocracy
168:Kleptocracy
158:Aristocracy
8653:Categories
8434:Suzerainty
8376:Separatism
8351:Detachment
8341:Annexation
8232:Superstate
8227:Real union
8164:Devolution
8131:Federation
8073:Federalism
7952:since 1908
7944:since 1908
7910:since 1833
7902:since 1816
7894:since 1815
7886:since 1658
7843:department
7830:since 1908
7822:since 1833
7623:since 1838
7603:Swan River
7597:Queensland
7484:1958β1962
7466:since 1666
7452:since 1799
7303:New Jersey
7273:New Albion
7257:since 1632
7254:Montserrat
7235:1629β1691
7182:since 1670
7104:1858β1866
7092:since 1619
7044:since 1650
6997:Bangladesh
6932:1841β1946
6894:1882β1963
6860:Federation
6838:1819β1826
6776:Seychelles
6720:1839β1842
6611:since 1816
6595:Tanganyika
6553:Somaliland
6541:Seychelles
6537:since 1658
6457:Gold Coast
6451:The Gambia
6395:Basutoland
6391:since 1815
6333:Free State
6326:1542β1800
6312:Heligoland
6308:since 1713
5646:1058198728
5524:1006211868
5237:14 October
5201:23 October
5171:23 October
5101:Parliament
4906:7 February
4736:"Dominion"
4582:"Archives"
4487:7 February
4427:"Dominion"
4270:5 February
4112:1 February
3723:10197/7515
3668:"Dominion"
3307:Tanganyika
3287:Gold Coast
3259:Tanganyika
3033:(Canada);
2998:referendum
2957:, not the
2897:Parliament
2881:, and the
2833:Parliament
2740:Oireachtas
2732:under the
2684:Bangladesh
2469:since 1916
2430:Canada Day
2391:Canada Day
2279:See also:
2171:(with the
1900:See also:
1640:consulates
1558:72nd Psalm
1437:federation
1338:(see also
1330:federation
1240:suzerainty
1069:Under the
1011:Definition
935:, and the
747:Superpower
703:Superstate
698:Federation
693:Devolution
679:Federalism
520:City-state
193:Plutocracy
188:Particracy
52:government
8574:Sri Lanka
8466:Australia
8419:Home rule
8371:Secession
8366:Partition
7936:1841β1947
7923:1841β1933
7814:1831β1966
7808:1670β1688
7802:1651β1667
7796:1631β1641
7726:1914β1962
7720:1907β1947
7713:1901β1942
7711:Australia
7706:1900β1974
7700:1900β1970
7688:1893β1978
7681:1892β1979
7675:1889β1948
7669:1888β1901
7663:Rarotonga
7659:1884β1902
7653:1877β1976
7647:1874β1970
7641:1851β1901
7635:1846β1847
7629:1841β1907
7615:1836β1901
7609:1829β1901
7599:1824β1901
7593:1824β1980
7587:1807β1863
7581:1803β1901
7571:1788β1901
7504:1833β1960
7498:1674β1702
7490:1967β1983
7478:1763β1783
7472:1607β1776
7458:1849β1866
7444:1889β1962
7438:1862β1863
7432:1712β1776
7426:1635β1644
7420:1627β1979
7413:1605β1979
7406:1882β1983
7399:1623β1983
7393:1625β1650
7387:1670β1870
7381:1636β1776
7375:1853β1863
7365:1620β1691
7359:1681β1776
7353:1763β1873
7341:1713β1867
7335:1859β1870
7329:1712β1776
7323:1583β1907
7317:1907β1949
7311:1664β1776
7299:1637β1662
7297:New Haven
7293:1680β1776
7287:1686β1689
7281:1784β1867
7269:1628β1983
7263:1655β1860
7249:1632β1776
7223:1655β1962
7216:1733β1776
7210:1674β1702
7204:1701β1776
7198:1636β1776
7192:1818β1846
7174:1663β1712
7166:1867β1931
7160:1841β1867
7154:1791β1841
7148:1791β1841
7136:1762β1974
7129:1763β1783
7123:1763β1978
7117:1754β1820
7108:1866β1871
7084:1871β1981
7077:1643β1860
7071:1624β1966
7065:1670β1973
7058:1860β1981
7051:1632β1860
6976:1898β1930
6970:1892β1971
6964:1921β1946
6958:1826β1946
6952:1945β1946
6946:1946β1963
6944:Singapore
6938:1946β1963
6926:1702β1705
6920:1786β1946
6914:1923β1948
6912:Palestine
6900:1946β1963
6888:1891β1971
6882:1920β1932
6876:1762β1764
6870:1796β1965
6862:1948β1957
6856:1946β1948
6850:1885β1946
6844:1895β1946
6832:1848β1946
6826:1918β1961
6820:1811β1816
6814:1858β1947
6808:1841β1997
6806:Hong Kong
6802:1878β1960
6796:1795β1948
6790:1888β1984
6784:1824β1948
6772:Mauritius
6762:1874β1963
6750:1757β1947
6744:1812β1824
6734:1685β1824
6732:Bencoolen
6726:1879β1919
6714:1839β1967
6629:1887β1897
6623:1890β1963
6617:1890β1962
6603:1900β1910
6601:Transvaal
6597:1922β1961
6591:1899β1956
6585:1893β1968
6583:Swaziland
6579:1900β1914
6567:1915β1931
6561:1910β1931
6555:1884β1960
6549:1792β1961
6543:1903β1976
6529:1900β1910
6523:1891β1964
6521:Nyasaland
6517:1924β1964
6511:1900β1914
6505:1914β1960
6499:1884β1900
6493:1856β1910
6487:1810β1968
6485:Mauritius
6481:1807β1808
6475:1862β1906
6469:1920β1963
6453:1816β1965
6447:1882β1922
6441:1895β1920
6435:1891β1907
6429:1806β1910
6423:1795β1803
6417:1919β1961
6415:Cameroons
6352:1813β1964
6346:1800β1813
6335:1921β1931
6320:1809β1864
6314:1807β1890
6305:Gibraltar
6300:1878β1960
6294:1794β1796
6248:*Current
6090:10495276M
6030:855580605
5961:cite book
5718:11949316M
5710:168716701
5452:: 72β80.
5425:234239848
5107:so as to
4802:147122057
4643:32144166M
4362:147122057
3923:731354182
3881:0308-6534
3740:145071117
3732:0738-2480
3624:18674652M
3483:870098208
3412:29 August
3383:29 August
3323:Mauritius
3279:Mauritius
3118:When the
3115:in 1948.
3035:Jan Smuts
2984:Rhodesia
2967:Nyasaland
2879:Transvaal
2660:partition
2595:Sri Lanka
2542:Travelers
2417:The word
2285:The term
2208:Australia
1965:Australia
1915:Dominions
1892:in 1949.
1652:Australia
1648:passports
1636:embassies
1513:in 1910.
1471:in 1907.
1465:Transvaal
1194:in 1947.
1089:Dominions
1066:in 1686.
1031:The term
1025:the Crown
967:Sri Lanka
921:Australia
911:from the
574:Unitarism
550:Globalism
456:Religious
444:Tribalism
434:Socialism
429:Feudalism
414:Despotism
409:Communism
399:Anarchism
336:Communist
283:Stateless
273:Anarchism
234:Despotism
218:Autocracy
208:Theocracy
173:Kritarchy
141:Oligarchy
126:Socialist
80:Democracy
8679:Monarchy
8618:Dominion
8562:Pakistan
8550:Monarchy
8414:Hegemony
8397:Autonomy
8390:See also
8285:Dominion
8111:Federacy
8011:Category
7847:Colombia
7762:Kiribati
7639:Victoria
7579:Tasmania
7470:Virginia
7436:Stickeen
7424:Saybrook
7363:Plymouth
7309:New York
7247:Maryland
7239:Province
7202:Delaware
7172:Carolina
7164:Dominion
7158:Province
7121:Dominica
7069:Barbados
7041:Anguilla
7012:disputed
6993:Pakistan
6868:Maldives
6742:Billiton
6669:Rhodesia
6655:Tanzania
6651:Cameroon
6627:Zululand
6621:Zanzibar
6409:Botswana
6182:7118827M
6126:Archived
6122:61498226
5989:Archived
5985:BBC News
5584:5575065M
5546:Archived
5499:21600467
5316:Archived
5286:Archived
5257:Archived
5228:Archived
5195:Archived
5165:Archived
5128:Archived
5117:Archived
5061:Archived
4972:Archived
4851:Archived
4759:44803114
4720:64449961
4685:Archived
4635:60311041
4560:Archived
4496:Psalm 72
4459:dominion
4449:54971866
4409:68221208
4264:Archived
4212:3966721M
4204:44943692
4145:Archived
4134:Archived
4085:Archived
4062:Archived
4039:Archived
4016:Archived
3989:Archived
3966:14 April
3960:Archived
3933:14 April
3927:Archived
3833:Archived
3815:4739437M
3768:20 April
3762:Archived
3672:Archived
3616:33134439
3568:Archived
3541:Archived
3509:Archived
3439:Archived
3337:See also
3311:Tanzania
3191:Dominion
3169:Dominion
3109:Pakistan
2979:Rhodesia
2946:salary.
2648:forming
2642:Pakistan
2591:Dominion
2419:Dominion
2399:Dominion
2383:Dominion
2379:Dominion
2322:Dominion
2287:Dominion
2247:George V
2165:dominion
2104:Pakistan
1953:Dominion
1927:Country
1823:republic
1813:and Sir
1689:created
1623:disallow
1562:dominion
1519:Dominion
1505:and the
1407:Tasmania
1356:Manitoba
1350:and the
1188:Dominion
1124:George V
1056:Dominion
1042:dominion
1034:dominion
1001:dominion
994:republic
982:dominion
959:Pakistan
861:dominion
622:Dominion
351:Legalist
331:Absolute
316:Republic
311:Monarchy
183:Noocracy
153:Anocracy
106:Economic
96:Demarchy
8538:Ireland
8514:History
8452:Portals
8346:Cession
8295:Mandate
8002:culture
7756:Vanuatu
7546:Oceania
7221:Jamaica
7214:Georgia
7134:Grenada
7089:Bermuda
7063:Bahamas
7049:Antigua
6930:Sarawak
6642:Namibia
6503:Nigeria
6479:Madeira
6399:Lesotho
6358:Minorca
6324:Ireland
6292:Corsica
6219:Former
6082:7677808
5392:4282978
5366:Cercles
5292:11 June
5263:11 June
5109:opt out
5067:17 July
4857:9 April
4794:2192530
4596:12 July
4354:2192530
4236:11 June
3807:4593287
3547:11 June
3448:25 June
3255:Nigeria
3211:section
3195:monarch
3181:royaume
3132:Ireland
3103:as the
2969:in the
2941:of the
2742:passed
2704:of the
2610:in 1909
2575:in 2013
2544:in 2013
2217:by the
2106:(incl.
1936:Status
1542:Ontario
1536:of the
1528:at the
1376:Nunavut
1364:Alberta
1310:Ontario
1216:annexed
1149:in the
1040:Use of
939:at the
764:Related
459:Secular
424:Fascism
261:Anarchy
251:Tyranny
111:Liberal
8502:Canada
8270:Colony
8200:Empire
8178:Unions
8021:Portal
7841:Now a
7812:Guiana
7766:Tuvalu
7369:Quebec
7141:Canada
7082:Belize
6974:Weihai
6918:Penang
6906:Padang
6836:Malaya
6830:Labuan
6824:Kuwait
6800:Cyprus
6794:Ceylon
6788:Brunei
6760:Borneo
6754:Bhutan
6748:Bengal
6684:Zambia
6615:Uganda
6377:Africa
6350:Colony
6340:Malta
6298:Cyprus
6286:Cyprus
6270:Europe
6236:Legend
6180:
6135:13 May
6120:
6110:
6088:
6080:
6070:
6028:
6018:
5995:11 May
5935:
5910:
5884:
5858:
5833:
5808:
5769:
5744:
5732:
5716:
5708:
5698:
5669:
5644:
5634:
5607:
5582:
5576:955739
5574:
5522:
5497:
5487:
5423:
5413:
5390:
5322:18 May
5037:
5012:30 May
5003:
4978:30 May
4947:
4825:
4800:
4792:
4757:
4747:
4718:
4708:
4641:
4633:
4623:
4566:18 May
4447:
4437:
4407:
4397:
4360:
4352:
4210:
4202:
4192:
3956:GOV.UK
3921:
3911:
3879:
3813:
3805:
3795:
3738:
3730:
3622:
3614:
3604:
3515:18 May
3481:
3471:
3315:Gambia
3299:Uganda
3277:, and
3271:Gambia
3263:Uganda
3243:Guyana
3209:Canada
3113:Ceylon
3041:(UK);
2975:Zambia
2903:and a
2901:Senate
2877:, the
2784:London
2636:. The
2587:Ceylon
2582:Ceylon
2457:Ottawa
2441:(RCMP)
2304:
2275:, 1898
2264:Canada
2223:. The
2169:realms
2129:Ceylon
2112:Gwadar
2092:Sikkim
1942:Canada
1902:CANZUK
1656:Canada
1621:could
1546:Quebec
1362:, and
1314:Quebec
1245:Under
1160:colony
1113:Cyprus
963:Ceylon
961:, and
917:Canada
588:Empire
500:Global
131:Others
121:Social
101:Direct
8526:India
7764:and *
7730:Nauru
7724:Samoa
7698:Tonga
7657:Papua
7267:Nevis
7152:Upper
7146:Lower
6989:India
6854:Union
6812:India
6782:Burma
6738:Banka
6589:Sudan
6491:Natal
6473:Lagos
6467:Kenya
6461:Ghana
6445:Egypt
6129:(PDF)
6104:(PDF)
5734:..."
5671:11366
5362:(PDF)
5231:(PDF)
5224:(PDF)
4798:S2CID
4790:JSTOR
4358:S2CID
4350:JSTOR
3736:S2CID
3442:(PDF)
3435:(PDF)
3303:Kenya
3267:Kenya
3251:Ghana
3235:Ghana
3173:realm
3088:(the
3086:Burma
2875:Natal
2682:, as
2664:India
2563:Metro
2194:Irish
2136:1972
2133:1948
2120:1956
2117:1947
2087:1950
2084:1947
2080:India
2061:1949
2058:1922
2031:1961
2028:1910
2002:1949
1999:1907
1984:1907
1969:1901
1946:1867
1930:From
1644:visas
1588:well.
1372:Yukon
1122:King
1046:Wales
1005:realm
990:India
988:when
965:(now
955:India
505:Local
8640:Data
7760:Now
7754:Now
7704:Niue
7645:Fiji
7347:1843
7275:1579
6995:and
6987:Now
6818:Java
6774:and
6740:and
6702:Asia
6682:Now
6640:Now
6173:1912
6137:2023
6118:OCLC
6108:ISBN
6078:OCLC
6068:ISBN
6026:OCLC
6016:ISBN
5997:2022
5967:link
5933:ISBN
5908:ISBN
5882:ISBN
5856:ISBN
5831:ISBN
5806:ISBN
5767:ISBN
5742:ISBN
5706:OCLC
5696:ISBN
5667:OCLC
5642:OCLC
5632:ISBN
5605:ISBN
5572:OCLC
5520:OCLC
5495:OCLC
5485:ISBN
5421:OCLC
5411:ISBN
5388:OCLC
5324:2023
5294:2010
5265:2010
5239:2022
5203:2022
5173:2022
5123:and
5105:King
5069:2012
5035:ISBN
5014:2018
5001:ISBN
4980:2018
4945:ISBN
4908:2008
4859:2019
4823:ISBN
4755:OCLC
4745:ISBN
4716:OCLC
4706:ISBN
4631:OCLC
4621:ISBN
4598:2013
4568:2023
4489:2008
4445:OCLC
4435:ISBN
4405:OCLC
4395:ISBN
4272:2008
4238:2010
4200:OCLC
4190:ISBN
4114:2009
3968:2022
3935:2022
3919:OCLC
3909:ISBN
3877:ISSN
3841:2021
3803:OCLC
3793:ISBN
3770:2009
3728:ISSN
3680:2021
3612:OCLC
3602:ISBN
3576:2021
3549:2010
3517:2023
3479:OCLC
3469:ISBN
3450:2022
3414:2024
3385:2024
3331:Fiji
3245:and
3207:see
3072:The
2965:and
2887:Boer
2865:The
2825:The
2694:The
2547:The
2536:The
2523:The
2516:The
2237:was
2190:Γire
2064:The
2051:Γire
1877:and
1850:The
1793:The
1736:The
1654:and
1552:and
1544:and
1374:and
1324:and
1276:and
1099:and
900:.
7845:of
6044:).
5477:hdl
5454:doi
4782:doi
4342:doi
3869:doi
3718:hdl
3710:doi
3233:of
3197:as
3171:to
2782:in
2389:to
2192:in
1933:To
1911:".
1835:law
1658:in
1638:or
1548:),
1382:of
1209:or
1079:of
896:or
8655::
6991:,
6178:OL
6148:.
6124:.
6116:.
6086:OL
6084:.
6076:.
6050:.
6024:.
5983:.
5963:}}
5959:{{
5714:OL
5712:.
5704:.
5640:.
5580:OL
5578:.
5493:.
5483:.
5446:23
5444:.
5419:.
5374:^
5364:.
5310:.
5273:^
5226:.
5193:.
5189:.
5163:.
5159:.
5059:.
4970:.
4966:.
4910:.
4880:.
4876:.
4849:.
4845:.
4796:.
4788:.
4778:38
4776:.
4753:.
4714:.
4659:.
4639:OL
4637:.
4629:.
4584:.
4554:.
4491:.
4468:^
4443:.
4417:^
4403:.
4356:.
4348:.
4338:38
4336:.
4313:.
4307:.
4280:^
4262:.
4246:^
4208:OL
4206:.
4198:.
4172:^
4011::
3954:.
3943:^
3925:.
3917:.
3889:^
3875:.
3865:27
3863:.
3849:^
3811:OL
3809:.
3801:.
3756:.
3734:.
3726:.
3716:.
3706:31
3704:.
3692:^
3682:.
3659:^
3620:OL
3618:.
3610:.
3578:.
3566:.
3533:.
3507:.
3503:.
3491:^
3477:.
3437:.
3416:.
3404:.
3387:.
3375:.
3313:;
3297:;
3273:,
3265:,
3261:,
3257:,
3163:,
3159:,
3155:,
2911:.
2873:,
2754:.
2260:.
2179:).
2114:)
1881:.
1842:.
1729:.
1413:,
1409:,
1405:,
1398:.
1370:,
1358:,
1298:.
1242:.
957:,
931:,
927:,
923:,
919:,
859:A
8626::
8454::
8055:e
8048:t
8041:v
7976:.
7934:)
7921:)
7716:*
7709:*
7684:*
7665:/
7605:/
7577:/
7539:e
7532:t
7525:v
7416:*
7409:*
7402:*
7219:*
7188:/
7139:*
7132:*
7080:*
7061:*
7054:*
7047:*
6778:)
6657:.
6459:(
6407:(
6397:(
6288:)
6212:e
6205:t
6198:v
6184:.
6139:.
6092:.
6032:.
5999:.
5969:)
5941:.
5916:.
5890:.
5864:.
5839:.
5814:.
5775:.
5750:.
5720:.
5673:.
5648:.
5613:.
5586:.
5552:.
5526:.
5501:.
5479::
5460:.
5456::
5427:.
5394:.
5326:.
5296:.
5267:.
5241:.
5221:"
5217:"
5205:.
5175:.
5134:.
5071:.
5043:.
5016:.
4982:.
4882:5
4861:.
4831:.
4804:.
4784::
4761:.
4722:.
4645:.
4600:.
4570:.
4411:.
4364:.
4344::
4274:.
4240:.
4214:.
4116:.
3970:.
3937:.
3883:.
3871::
3843:.
3817:.
3772:.
3742:.
3720::
3712::
3626:.
3551:.
3519:.
3485:.
3452:.
2297:B
2200:.
1907:"
1344:.
1342:)
1095:β
1027:.
848:e
841:t
834:v
225:)
221:(
87:)
83:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.