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The estelada is ubiquitous as a simplified symbol - four vertical bars topped by a star, sprayed or daubed on walls, lampposts or mailboxes all over
Catalonia. These simple graffiti are most often in one basic color, either in black or red. More elaborate large pro-independence graffiti use often the
1351:
584:
The star in the flag comes from the early days of nationalism, the lone star symbolising national freedom and independence. Cuba's fight for its independence was watched closely by the
Catalanists of the nineteenth century and in 1906, when the
951:. The government applied the article 2.1 of the Law on Sports, which prohibits the display of symbols that "incite, foment or help violent or terrorist behavior." A Madrid judge overruled the ban after Barcelona complained, citing
715:(Pro-Catalonia Committee) was one of the most active. It was in this context that a need was perceived to have a flag as a symbol of Catalan aspiration; and, of course, a star appeared on it. Since then the
863:, (Socialist Party for the National Liberation of the Catalan Countries), or PSAN. Because this party wanted to make its own socialist and Marxist ideas clear, it decided to change the colour of the star
502:
1458:
1473:
822:
During this period a new practice began, and continues to the present day; whenever a prominent
Catalan nationalist dies, as a sign of mourning, his comrades will cover the red bars of the
707:, were declared independent, but were then immediately annexed by the Soviet Union. From the nations that hoped for independence, pressure groups began to mobilize internationally. In the
1415:
1443:
885:(Left National Liberation Bloc), or BEAN, both disbanded. At that time the flag with the red star and the yellow triangle were a symbol of both socialist and communist separatists.
719:
flag began to be spoken of. It was probably designed by Vicenç Albert
Ballester, with the blue triangle signifying the blue sky of humanity, and the white star symbolizing freedom.
920:(yellow estelada) has steadily lost some of its original leftist meaning, but not totally. It is sometimes currently flown just as a simpler and less cluttered version of the
801:
in 1926; it appeared between the imprisonment of the
Catalan volunteers and their transfer to Paris to be put on trial. There are photographs of the volunteers with the
1952:
1379:
1339:
1957:
1921:
1485:
1327:
1967:
878:(Movement of Marxist Unification), which started to use the red star inside a white triangle, while the PSAN kept the red star inside a yellow triangle.
629:(Breaking Chains!), published in Santiago de Cuba by Catalan exiles - a publication that had already clearly proclaimed the independence of Catalonia.
136:
129:
744:
Also in 1918, there was a comic strip in circulation—a stamp without postal value—dedicated to the future League of
Nations, where there was also an
1303:
1932:
1831:
1731:
1916:
1427:
1311:
1236:
493:
with a yellow triangle at the hoist containing a five-pointed red star. In both designs the lone star motif means
Catalan independence.
1962:
1666:
1902:
632:
560:
1693:
738:
2017:
1004:
The white star version has been used by
Valencian nationalist groups since the early 20th century. Some of these groups may be
859:
1595:
833:
still appears numerous times. Some of these flags only have two colours due to the shortage of money, but the traditional
1609:
881:
The unification of the two versions of the flag could only take place when the
Movement of Marxist Unification and the
179:
466:
2037:
1854:
1370:
808:
In 1928, with the presidency of
Francesc Macià in the Constituent Assembly of the Catalan independence movement, the
216:
198:
151:
54:
1281:
1501:
1266:
1251:
581:
should consist of four red bars on a yellow field, superimposed with a white five-pointed star in a blue triangle.
506:
1877:
1821:
1801:
446:
158:
2022:
1776:
1258:
775:
written in Catalan and Arabic, to greet and encourage one of the Moroccan leaders who revolted against Spain.
334:
Nine horizontal alternating equal stripes of yellow and red, with a red five-pointed star on a yellow chevron.
276:
Nine horizontal alternating equal stripes of yellow and red, with a white five-pointed star on a blue chevron.
1658:
1391:
874:
In the mid-seventies, the PSAN had, in turn, its own splits. They led to the creation of a new movement, the
1638:
1014:, as opposed to Catalan nationalist) in their ideology, especially those with more pro-sovereign positions.
1882:
1867:
1806:
1756:
1362:
726:(The Intransigent) in 1918. It shows a group of young Americans and Catalan separatists holding both flags.
608:
The first star with a clear nationalist intent known in Catalonia is from before 1904, associated with the
1086:
826:
with a black cloth, leaving the star visible to signify that they will continue pursuing the same ideals.
165:
1686:
1150:
846:
1781:
1551:
1206:
1116:
1766:
1434:
1172:
1186:
284:
2032:
1243:
586:
147:
80:
40:
1479:
Flag proposed (June 2017) by the Fundació Reeixida as the official flag of an independent Catalonia.
1421:
This estelada inspired by the flag of the United States was proposed unsuccessfully in the late 60s.
798:
2042:
2027:
1296:
1158:
936:
577:(Constituent Assembly) of Catalan separatism, specifically provided that the official flag of the
1721:
1273:
1130:
616:
566:
480:
450:
125:
1200:
1679:
1011:
768:
1144:
1702:
1022:
952:
311:
253:
1366:
399:
1403:
509:
issued by the Catalanist Union featuring Pi de les Tres Branques and the date 25 September
8:
1791:
994:
975:
966:
913:
857:
During the sixties, in the university section of the FNC, there was a faction called the
484:
442:
417:
1214:
935:
In 2016, the Spanish government prohibited football fans from bringing esteladas to the
722:
The first photograph in which the flag appeared was in a publication dated the bulletin
610:
475:
with a blue triangle at the hoist containing a five-pointed white star, inspired by the
1986:
1449:
Anarchist estelada, with an eight-pointed star, each representing the 8 regions of the
625:
408:
172:
1996:
1872:
1771:
1741:
1465:
1450:
704:
656:
469:. It came from combining the traditional four red stripes over a yellow field of the
465:
The flag dates from the early 20th century; it was most probably designed in 1918 by
1072:
794:
501:
1892:
1862:
1816:
1751:
1164:
841:
594:
578:
421:
413:
353:
85:
1887:
1844:
1811:
1796:
1528:
1104:
1050:
1333:
The first Estelada, with a blue rhombus, old version of the current blue design
1122:
664:
660:
649:
1573:
2011:
1839:
1716:
1552:"No se permitirá entrar con banderas esteladas a la final de la Copa del Rey"
893:
89:
46:
1288:
1385:
Estelada with blue star seen in Catalan student demonstrations in the 1970s
940:
850:(National Front of Catalonia), or FNC, which used the Catalan flag and the
645:
636:
Estalada placed on monument in Vilanova i la Geltrú during Festa Major 2012
476:
453:
did not adopt the Estelada as its national flag, instead using the regular
435:
1639:
http://www.reeixida.cat/documents/proposta-tecnica-bandera-estelada-1.pdf
67:
1464:
This flag was intended in the past to become the flag of the independent
1178:
641:
1761:
513:
1095:
1054:
944:
692:
614:(Catalanist Union). It is a stamp commemorating the acquisition of the
316:
258:
1574:"Barcelona fans allowed to bring Estelada flags to Copa del Rey final"
815:
1220:
1192:
1136:
1042:
1006:
989:
898:
778:
In Cuba, it appeared for first time in the nameplate of the magazine
729:
708:
680:
663:) allowed many nations to seize the opportunity of independence, and
403:
545:
114:
864:
1345:
Old type of blue estelada with red star. Used by the Socors Català
1786:
1746:
1671:
1596:"Independència Valenciana: Prou d'espanyolisació i catalanisació"
786:
flag went on to appear in other Catalan separatist publications.
700:
696:
688:
684:
672:
668:
623:
Later, in 1906, a star appeared in the nameplate of the magazine
551:
521:
489:
471:
454:
430:
363:
240:
997:
that evolved from the regional flag based on the former Catalan
854:, was formed in response to the new Spanish nationalist regime.
812:
was again seen, and the Catalan separatists made it their flag.
533:
434:, with the addition of a five-pointed star in a triangle at the
300:
1078:
1046:
948:
676:
860:
Partit Socialista d’Alliberament Nacional dels Països Catalans
1507:
763:", a radical separatist magazine from the 1920s), before the
1358:
570:
1650:
909:
flag (the classic and the red) are used at the same time.
1495:, dark blue version used with vertical displays in 2012.
1061:
have also been used for other purposes than separatism.
565:
The 3rd Article of the provisional Constitution of the
16:
Flag typically flown by Catalan independence supporters
549:
The classical flag, without the star, is called the
1321:, green version used by ecologists and animalists
517:Catalan leaflet from 1918 with the first Estelada
2009:
958:
837:with the blue triangle and white star was kept.
829:Later, during the period from 1931 to 1936, the
648:being created, with the assistance of President
441:The use of this flag as a protest symbol within
1053:separatist flags) have been adopted by leftist
620:(Three-Branched Pine) by the Catalanist Union.
601:flag could already be seen: in the middle of a
771:. The other is in a document published by the
1687:
1549:
402:to express their support for an independent
1021:- with a red star - is a war poster of the
369:
55:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1694:
1680:
1064:
605:there was a white star with five points.
428:comprises the red-and-yellow bars of the
217:Learn how and when to remove this message
199:Learn how and when to remove this message
1017:The oldest extant document showing this
892:
814:
728:
631:
561:Catalan autonomist campaign of 1918-1919
544:
532:
520:
512:
500:
445:has become more notable since the 1970s
883:Bloc d’Esquerra d’Alliberament Nacional
739:2012 Catalan independence demonstration
2010:
1627:L'origen de la bandera independentista
591:Centre Catalanista de Santiago de Cuba
135:Please improve this article by adding
1675:
460:
352:
1543:
924:in the traditional Catalan colors.
871:started to appear at PSAN meetings.
597:) was created. An embryonic Catalan
108:
61:
20:
867:; in 1969, this new version of the
687:did so in 1918; other nations like
644:was over, Europe saw a wave of new
13:
1701:
1651:100th anniversary of estelada flag
1619:
1566:
1228:
569:, written and approved in 1928 in
14:
2054:
1633:
1610:"Vuelven el MuVIM y la República"
1529:"Vicenç Albert Ballester i Camps"
1371:Left Bloc for National Liberation
799:failed invasion of Prats de Molló
782:(1920), (The New Catalonia). The
36:This article has multiple issues.
1500:
1484:
1472:
1457:
1442:
1426:
1414:
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1326:
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1199:
1185:
1171:
1157:
1143:
1129:
1115:
1103:
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974:
965:
844:dictatorship came to power, the
555:, seen here among Estelada flags
299:
239:
113:
66:
25:
755:. One is in the last number of
467:Vicenç Albert Ballester i Camps
447:Spanish transition to democracy
400:Catalan independence supporters
44:or discuss these issues on the
1602:
1588:
1521:
916:in Europe the red star of the
888:
876:Moviment d’Unificació Marxista
1:
2018:Catalan independence movement
1550:Luis F. Durán (18 May 2016).
1515:
1028:
985:Valencian nationalist Senyera
959:Valencian nationalist Senyera
398:, "star") is a flag flown by
137:secondary or tertiary sources
1659:History of the estelada flag
1531:. Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana
1363:Marxist Unification Movement
1033:Since its creation, various
640:During the late 1910s, once
487:. Later designs combine the
7:
847:Front Nacional de Catalunya
751:There are several kinds of
79:to comply with Knowledge's
10:
2059:
1629:, Edicions El Llamp, 1984.
1435:Catalan Patriotic Movement
1397:Estelada with 3 estrelles.
558:
496:
414:Catalan-speaking territory
1979:
1901:
1853:
1830:
1730:
1709:
1510:version of Estelada Blava
1244:Club Joventut de Badalona
905:As of 2005 both kinds of
805:in several other places.
587:Cuban War of Independence
338:
330:
322:
310:
298:
294:
290:
280:
272:
264:
252:
247:
238:
234:
2038:Flags introduced in 1918
451:Catalan Republic of 2017
412:(Catalan Countries, the
92:may contain suggestions.
77:may need to be rewritten
1065:Other Spanish Estelades
987:, also known simply as
617:Pi de les Tres Branques
285:Vicenç Albert Ballester
1625:Joan Crexell i Playà,
1554:(in Spanish). El Mundo
1287:Starry with colors of
1272:Starry with colors of
1257:Starry with colors of
1242:Starry with colors of
902:
819:
769:Miguel Primo de Rivera
741:
637:
593:(Catalanist Centre of
556:
542:
530:
518:
510:
449:. The self-proclaimed
424:). The design of the
124:relies excessively on
2023:Politics of Catalonia
1433:Estelada used by the
1357:Estelada used by the
953:freedom of expression
896:
818:
732:
635:
575:Assemblea Constituent
548:
536:
524:
516:
504:
1367:Catalan Workers Bloc
1302:Version used by the
1055:separatist movements
939:final match between
773:Comitè Pro-Catalunya
713:Comitè Pro-Catalunya
655:The politics of the
1972:Valencian Community
1953:Community of Madrid
1878:Community of Madrid
1822:Valencian Community
1802:Community of Madrid
1612:. 12 February 2016.
1057:within Spain. Some
995:Valencian Community
443:Catalan nationalism
354:[əstəˈlaðə]
231:
1987:Cantabrian labarum
1777:Castilla–La Mancha
1576:. BBC. 20 May 2016
1409:Estelada with key.
903:
820:
742:
638:
557:
543:
531:
519:
511:
461:Design and meaning
229:
2005:
2004:
1997:Cross of Burgundy
1937:Castile–La Mancha
1832:Autonomous cities
1667:Estelades gallery
1466:Catalan Countries
1451:Catalan Countries
914:Fall of Communism
780:La Nova Catalunya
733:A red and a blue
657:League of Nations
507:promotional stamp
416:, which includes
342:
341:
305:Estelada vermella
227:
226:
219:
209:
208:
201:
183:
107:
106:
81:quality standards
59:
2050:
2033:Unofficial flags
1958:Region of Murcia
1940:Castile and León
1922:Balearic Islands
1883:Region of Murcia
1868:Balearic Islands
1807:Region of Murcia
1782:Castile and León
1757:Balearic Islands
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1673:
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1665:
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1600:
1599:
1598:. 4 August 2008.
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1382:
1369:(1978-1982) and
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1175:
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1119:
1107:
1089:
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978:
969:
611:Unió Catalanista
595:Santiago de Cuba
579:Catalan Republic
567:Catalan Republic
422:Balearic Islands
393:
390:
387:
383:
380:
377:
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356:
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350:Eastern Calatan:
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281:Designed by
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29:
28:
21:
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2047:
2043:Quadcolor flags
2028:Catalan symbols
2008:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1975:
1897:
1849:
1826:
1733:
1726:
1705:
1700:
1663:
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1620:Further reading
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1229:Other Estelades
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993:, is a flag of
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891:
659:(and later the
563:
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463:
409:Països Catalans
406:or independent
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130:primary sources
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2030:
2025:
2020:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1930:
1929:Canary Islands
1927:
1926:Basque Country
1924:
1919:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1903:Municipalities
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1885:
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1865:
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1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
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1767:Canary Islands
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1762:Basque Country
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1738:
1736:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1722:Royal Standard
1719:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1703:Flags of Spain
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1698:
1691:
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1634:External links
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1023:Valencian Left
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960:
957:
932:as a symbol.
918:Estelada groga
890:
887:
795:Francesc Macià
724:L’intransigent
665:Czechoslovakia
661:United Nations
650:Woodrow Wilson
626:Fora Grillons!
498:
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389:lone star flag
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1991:
1664:(in Catalan)
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1578:. Retrieved
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1556:. Retrieved
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1373:(1979-1982).
1318:
1274:FC Barcelona
1259:RCD Espanyol
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86:You can help
76:
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38:Please help
35:
18:
1946:Extremadura
1792:Extremadura
1734:communities
1223:(Variation)
1179:Extremadura
1012:regionalist
1010:(Valencian
889:Current use
797:during the
765:coup d'état
642:World War I
589:ended, the
485:Puerto Rico
481:Philippines
189:August 2015
98:August 2015
2012:Categories
1732:Autonomous
1516:References
1289:Palamós CF
1096:Estreleira
1043:Andalusian
1039:Estrelades
1029:Variations
947:, held in
912:After the
840:After the
711:case, the
693:Azerbaijan
559:See also:
317:Civil flag
265:Proportion
259:Civil flag
159:newspapers
148:"Estelada"
126:references
41:improve it
1943:Catalonia
1933:Cantabria
1910:Andalusia
1873:Cantabria
1855:Provinces
1787:Catalonia
1772:Cantabria
1742:Andalusia
1535:23 August
1493:blau marí
1491:Estelada
1317:Estelada
1221:Andalusia
1193:La Mancha
1137:Andalusia
1059:Estelades
1047:Aragonese
1035:Estelades
1019:Estrelada
1007:blaverist
990:Estrelada
941:Barcelona
928:red-star
899:Argentona
842:Francoist
757:La Tralla
681:Lithuania
404:Catalonia
384: or
359:Estelades
90:talk page
47:talk page
1992:Estelada
1968:La Rioja
1917:Asturias
1893:La Rioja
1863:Asturias
1817:La Rioja
1752:Asturias
1710:National
1110:Asturias
1051:Galician
999:Estelada
930:Estelada
922:Estelada
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869:estelada
852:estelada
835:estelada
831:estelada
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791:estelada
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761:The Whip
753:estelada
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735:estelada
717:estelada
599:estelada
539:estelada
527:estelada
426:Estelada
420:and the
418:Valencia
366:estelada
346:Estelada
230:Estelada
1980:Related
1963:Navarre
1949:Galicia
1888:Navarre
1845:Melilla
1812:Navarre
1797:Galicia
1508:Islamic
1151:Castile
1092:Galicia
945:Sevilla
737:in the
709:Catalan
705:Georgia
701:Belarus
697:Ukraine
689:Armenia
685:Iceland
673:Estonia
669:Finland
603:senyera
573:by the
552:senyera
497:History
490:Senyera
472:Senyera
455:Senyera
431:Senyera
394:, from
373:
364:Senyera
323:Adopted
173:scholar
1913:Aragon
1747:Aragon
1580:25 May
1558:20 May
1304:PCE(i)
1165:Murcia
1079:Aragon
949:Madrid
865:to red
683:, and
677:Latvia
541:(1972)
529:(1918)
479:, the
357:; pl.
331:Design
273:Design
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88:. The
1840:Ceuta
1717:Spain
1319:verda
1037:, or
525:Blue
505:1904
436:hoist
396:estel
180:JSTOR
166:books
1582:2016
1560:2016
1537:2015
1359:PSAN
1207:León
983:The
943:and
703:and
571:Cuba
537:Red
483:and
370:lit.
344:The
326:1972
152:news
1049:or
789:An
767:by
312:Use
268:2:3
254:Use
128:to
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