995:
526:
25:
369:. In this communique, the organization warns that they had opened two fronts, in Puerto Rico and the United States respectively, the goal of which were to organize a People's Revolutionary Army which they expected would "rid Puerto Rico of Yanki colonialism". Both fronts were supported and maintained by allies within Puerto Rico and North America.
381:
of the FALN convicted for seditious conspiracy, conspiracy to commit robbery, and conspiracy to bomb-making, as well as for firearms and explosives violations. None of the sixteen were convicted of bombings or any crime which injured another person, and all of the sixteen had served nineteen years or
308:
The
Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional was founded in the 1960s. It was one of several organizations established during that decade that promoted "clandestine armed struggles" against the United States government that the movement described as the "colonial forces of the United States". The group
504:
in New York City. Seven people in
Chicago and ten people in New York were tied up as the offices were vandalized before the FALN members fled. A few days later, Carter delegates in Chicago received threatening letters from FALN. On April 5, 11 members of FALN were arrested for attempting to rob an
344:
of the FALN was to perform bombing and incendiary actions and then admit responsibility through press releases. The first of these news releases announced the group's intention; in this document they admitted responsibility for attacks on several locations in New York to weaken the
1700:
549:
42:
89:
382:
longer in prison which, according to the White House, were longer sentences than such crimes typically received. President
Clinton offered the clemency at the appeal of 10
61:
272:
offered clemency to sixteen of the convicted militants under the condition that they renounce any kind of violent manifestation. This decision drew criticism towards the
68:
426:
later commuted his sentence, and López Rivera was released in May 2017 after 36 years in prison. He had been incarcerated longer than any other member of the FALN.
1795:
1775:
75:
623:
843:
57:
1665:
329:. The organization's intention was to draw attention to what they described as the "colonial condition" of Puerto Rico through armed action against the
1088:
1394:
824:
570:
1790:
415:
398:
of Puerto Rico, and it was conditional on prisoners renouncing violence. The commutation was opposed by U.S. Attorney's Office, the FBI, and the
479:. It was Saturday, and no one was in either office. Although 250 election judges were attending a meeting on the fourth floor no one was harmed.
1721:
1690:
1770:
1760:
82:
1765:
1685:
467:
FALN set off a bomb on the fifth floor of the Cook County
Building in Chicago. The explosion occurred near the offices of Acting Mayor
1078:
984:
912:
309:
was founded following decades of persecution by the FBI, including illegal imprisonments and assassination against members of the
1800:
1058:
765:
1780:
741:
582:
686:
998:
663:
198:
1196:
903:
476:
310:
239:
1289:
627:
108:
1604:
1226:
1640:
1284:
1073:
1299:
1151:
1068:
871:
The FALN and
Macheteros Clemency: Misleading Explanations, a Reckless Decision, a Dangerous Message: Third Report
378:
281:
188:
1785:
1409:
869:
366:
46:
1625:
1083:
334:
1519:
1314:
1063:
977:
169:
1379:
1374:
1216:
1675:
1181:
1171:
1554:
1191:
1599:
1166:
1161:
1131:
1264:
1236:
773:
418:
for
Senator also criticized the commutation, although she had earlier been supportive. FALN prisoner
407:
399:
174:
1594:
1429:
1259:
1186:
300:
militant group which fought to transform Puerto Rico into a socialist-communist form of government.
1369:
1211:
544:
330:
1499:
1294:
1695:
1504:
1494:
1176:
970:
506:
266:
35:
1645:
1349:
1329:
313:. The group was part of a movement that included other clandestine organizations, including the
134:
1579:
1489:
1479:
1464:
1104:
285:
277:
273:
1584:
1574:
1484:
1339:
1655:
1534:
1459:
805:
737:
358:
1539:
1344:
1309:
1221:
962:
951:
419:
1424:
1109:
1053:
867:
539:
326:
297:
254:
211:
1549:
8:
1716:
1609:
1419:
1354:
1334:
1206:
468:
1201:
349:
capitalist monopoly", and demanded the release of five political prisoners, these were:
1635:
1589:
1544:
1439:
1389:
1269:
531:
1434:
1146:
762:
711:
598:
1529:
1324:
1274:
1017:
659:
578:
501:
383:
1569:
1279:
787:
246:
attacks in the United States between 1974 and 1983, including a 1975 bombing of the
1701:
Latin
American and Caribbean Congress in Solidarity with Puerto Rico's Independence
1136:
1012:
934:
International
Terrorism in the 1980s: A Chronology of Events – Volume II: 1984-1987
178:
138:
1514:
1231:
1156:
924:
International
Terrorism in the 1980s: A Chronology of Events – Volume I: 1980-1983
350:
1680:
1670:
1454:
1444:
1364:
1141:
939:
929:
919:
769:
690:
649:
550:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States
411:
391:
362:
247:
1650:
1630:
1449:
1319:
994:
497:
341:
1754:
1564:
1524:
1469:
1241:
354:
235:
162:
509:; three were linked to the raid on the Carter-Mondale campaign headquarters.
1559:
1509:
1474:
1359:
894:
493:
472:
423:
387:
269:
231:
1399:
1384:
1304:
874:. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 16–17. House Report 106-488.
624:"First lady opposes presidential clemency for Puerto Rican Nationalists"
257:. Several of the organization's members were arrested and convicted for
733:
655:
395:
1037:
403:
868:
United States
Congress House Committee on Government Reform (1999).
689:. New York City Independent Media Center. 2006-09-18. Archived from
24:
1738:
258:
1032:
1022:
262:
1027:
346:
265:
and for firearms and explosives violations. On August 11, 1999
992:
319:
Organización de Voluntarios por la Revolución Puertorriqueña
243:
890:
Puerto Rican Terrorists Also Threaten Reagan Assassination
492:
Armed members of FALN raided the campaign headquarters of
944:
Transnational Terrorism: A Chronology of Events 1968–1979
577:. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Reference. pp. 193–4.
402:
and criticized by many including former victims of FALN
377:
On August 11, 1999, U.S. President Bill Clinton offered
58:"Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña"
325:, and served as predecessor for what would become the
861:
125:
Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña
916:. The Hartford Courant. Hartford, Connecticut (USA).
907:. The Hartford Courant. Hartford, Connecticut (USA).
521:
825:"Terrorists Here Set Off 5 Bombs at Business Sites"
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1089:Puerto Rico Pro-Independence University Federation
575:The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Second Edition
16:Puerto Rican nationalist paramilitary organization
422:rejected the 1999 Clinton pardon. U.S. president
1752:
936:. Iowa State University Press. Ames, Iowa (USA).
926:. Iowa State University Press. Ames, Iowa (USA).
738:"Findings of the committee on government reform"
315:Movimiento Independentista Revolucionario Armado
1796:Paramilitary organizations based in Puerto Rico
952:"Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (FALN)"
904:Puerto Rican Independence: The Cuban Connection
763:"Letter to President William Jefferson Clinton"
731:
647:
1776:Left-wing militant groups in the United States
651:Terrorism in America: Pipebombs and Pipedreams
978:
932:., Todd Sandler, and Jean M. Murdock (1989).
922:., Todd Sandler, and Jean M. Murdock (1989).
500:in Chicago and the campaign headquarters of
621:
985:
971:
785:
253:The FALN served as the predecessor of the
250:in New York City that killed four people.
946:. Greenwood Press. Westport, Connecticut.
798:
617:
615:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1079:Hostosian National Independence Movement
844:"LOOTING, VANDALISM FOLLOW CHICAGO RIOT"
1059:Independence Association of Puerto Rico
841:
822:
681:
679:
677:
675:
568:
372:
230:, FALN) was a Puerto Rican clandestine
1791:Organizations established in the 1960s
1753:
1722:La Borinqueña by Lola Rodríguez de Tío
1666:Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s
1116:Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional
742:United States House of Representatives
612:
224:Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional
1691:U.S. Capitol shooting incident (1954)
966:
949:
761:Press release: Gallegos, Gilbert G.,
714:. United States Department of Justice
601:. United States Department of Justice
1771:Guerrilla movements in Latin America
1761:Defunct American political movements
999:Independence movement in Puerto Rico
672:
278:Office of the United States Attorney
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
888:James, Daniel (December 19, 1981).
228:Armed Forces of National Liberation
13:
882:
823:Lissner, Will (October 27, 1974).
477:Cook County Board of Commissioners
429:
323:Los Comandos Armados de Liberación
311:Puerto Rican independence movement
199:Puerto Rican independence movement
14:
1812:
1766:Defunct communist militant groups
993:
913:The Untold Tale Of Victor Gerena
786:Burlingame, Debra (2008-02-12).
744:: Committee on Government Reform
545:General Intelligence Directorate
524:
23:
1069:Puerto Rican Independence Party
835:
816:
454:NYC FALN's 5 bombs in Manhattan
435:
242:. It carried out more than 130
189:Government of the United States
34:needs additional citations for
1801:Terrorism in the United States
1605:Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach
1237:José "Aguila Blanca" Maldonado
1074:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
842:Delaney, Paul (June 6, 1977).
806:"12 Accept FALN Clemency Deal"
788:"The Clintons' Terror Pardons"
779:
755:
725:
704:
641:
591:
562:
1:
1781:National liberation movements
1626:Ducoudray Holstein Expedition
1540:Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila
1300:Gilberto Concepción de Gracia
1152:María de las Mercedes Barbudo
958:. Chicago Historical Society.
555:
291:
1686:Truman assassination attempt
1064:Liberal Party of Puerto Rico
240:independence for Puerto Rico
7:
1676:San Juan Nationalist revolt
1285:Marie Haydée Beltrán Torres
517:
410:, and members of Congress.
379:clemency to sixteen members
276:from figures including the
234:organization that, through
10:
1817:
1054:Union Party of Puerto Rico
622:Chris Black (1999-09-05).
303:
1730:
1709:
1618:
1408:
1380:María de Lourdes Santiago
1375:Manuel Rodríguez Orellana
1250:
1217:Antonio Valero de Bernabé
1124:
1097:
1046:
1005:
774:Fraternal Order of Police
408:Fraternal Order of Police
400:Federal Bureau of Prisons
204:
194:
184:
175:Puerto Rican independence
168:
158:
148:
130:
123:
1212:Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
1182:Francisco Ramírez Medina
1172:Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón
648:Smith, Brent L. (1994).
573:. In Martin, Gus (ed.).
331:United States government
1696:Cerro Maravilla murders
1641:Levantamiento de Ciales
1600:Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff
1520:Tomás López de Victoria
1505:Andres Figueroa Cordero
1495:Carmelo Delgado Delgado
1315:José M. Dávila Monsanto
1177:Antonio Mattei Lluberas
1167:Francisco Gonzalo Marín
1162:Eugenio María de Hostos
1132:Ramón Emeterio Betances
1047:Political organizations
956:Encyclopedia of Chicago
950:Pérez, Gina M. (2005).
910:Mahony, Edmund (1999).
901:Mahony, Edmund (1999).
792:The Wall Street Journal
776:Grand Lodge, 1999-08-18
569:Lambert, Laura (2011).
507:Northwestern University
475:, the president of the
267:United States President
261:, conspiracy to commit
1595:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
1490:Isabel Freire de Matos
1480:Juan Antonio Corretjer
1430:Margot Arce de Vázquez
1260:Antonio Rafael Barceló
1187:José Gualberto Padilla
1125:19th century activists
1105:Cadets of the Republic
1098:Militant organizations
296:The group was a 1970s
286:United States Congress
274:Clinton administration
1786:Nationalist terrorism
1555:Helen Rodríguez Trías
1535:Francisco Matos Paoli
1500:Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
1460:Rafael Cancel Miranda
1395:Carlos Alberto Torres
1295:Cayetano Coll y Cuchí
1251:20th and 21st century
1192:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
1006:Indigenous resistance
736:(December 12, 1999).
626:. CNN. Archived from
394:of New York, and the
386:laureates, President
359:Rafael Cancel Miranda
1646:Río Piedras massacre
1350:Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
1330:Víctor Manuel Gerena
1265:Félix Benítez Rexach
1110:Boricua Popular Army
892:. Washington, D.C.:
812:. September 7, 1999.
712:"News Advisory #352"
687:"A Nation Will Rise"
599:"News Advisory #352"
540:Boricua Popular Army
373:FALN pardons of 1999
327:Boricua Popular Army
259:seditious conspiracy
255:Boricua Popular Army
212:Boricua Popular Army
135:Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
43:improve this article
1717:Grito de Lares flag
1610:Olga Viscal Garriga
1585:Clemente Soto Vélez
1575:Vidal Santiago Díaz
1485:José Ferrer Canales
1420:Pedro Albizu Campos
1370:Ángel Rivero Méndez
1355:Antonio S. Pedreira
1340:Luis Lloréns Torres
1335:Edwin Irizarry Mora
1207:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
693:on January 16, 2009
159:Active regions
1636:Intentona de Yauco
1590:Griselio Torresola
1545:Ruth Mary Reynolds
1440:Casimiro Berenguer
1390:Alejandrina Torres
1345:Oscar López Rivera
1310:Pedro Ortiz Dávila
1227:Fernando Fernandez
1222:Manuel Zeno Gandía
940:Mickolus, Edward F
930:Mickolus, Edward F
920:Mickolus, Edward F
848:The New York Times
829:The New York Times
768:2004-10-21 at the
532:Puerto Rico portal
420:Oscar López Rivera
150:Dates of operation
1748:
1747:
1660:Ley de la Mordaza
1550:Germán Rieckehoff
1465:José Coll y Cuchí
1412:Nationalist Party
1325:Leopoldo Figueroa
1275:Americo Boschetti
584:978-1-41-298016-6
515:
514:
505:armored truck at
502:George H. W. Bush
384:Nobel Peace Prize
220:
219:
208:Succeeded by
119:
118:
111:
93:
1808:
1202:Juan Ríus Rivera
1137:Mariana Bracetti
997:
987:
980:
973:
964:
963:
959:
876:
875:
865:
859:
858:
856:
854:
839:
833:
832:
820:
814:
813:
802:
796:
795:
783:
777:
759:
753:
752:
750:
749:
729:
723:
722:
720:
719:
708:
702:
701:
699:
698:
683:
670:
669:
665:978-079141-759-1
645:
639:
638:
636:
635:
619:
610:
609:
607:
606:
595:
589:
588:
566:
534:
529:
528:
527:
488:
469:Michael Bilandic
463:
451:October 26, 1974
450:
434:
433:
406:activities, the
298:Marxist–Leninist
195:Battles and wars
179:Marxism-Leninism
151:
143:
121:
120:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1726:
1705:
1681:Utuado Uprising
1671:Jayuya Uprising
1614:
1455:Nemesio Canales
1445:Julia de Burgos
1435:Elías Beauchamp
1425:José S. Alegría
1411:
1404:
1365:Miguel Poventud
1252:
1246:
1147:Roberto Cofresí
1142:Mathias Brugman
1120:
1093:
1084:Socialist Front
1042:
1001:
991:
885:
883:Further reading
880:
879:
866:
862:
852:
850:
840:
836:
821:
817:
804:
803:
799:
784:
780:
770:Wayback Machine
760:
756:
747:
745:
730:
726:
717:
715:
710:
709:
705:
696:
694:
685:
684:
673:
666:
658:. p. 114.
646:
642:
633:
631:
620:
613:
604:
602:
597:
596:
592:
585:
567:
563:
558:
530:
525:
523:
520:
486:
461:
448:
432:
430:Major incidents
412:Hillary Clinton
375:
363:Andres Figueroa
306:
294:
248:Fraunces Tavern
216:
215:
210:
177:
149:
139:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1814:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1653:
1651:Ponce massacre
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1631:Grito de Lares
1628:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1570:Isolina Rondón
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1450:Blanca Canales
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1320:Elizam Escobar
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1280:Juan Mari Brás
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1002:
990:
989:
982:
975:
967:
961:
960:
947:
937:
927:
917:
908:
899:
884:
881:
878:
877:
860:
834:
815:
797:
778:
754:
724:
703:
671:
664:
640:
611:
590:
583:
560:
559:
557:
554:
553:
552:
547:
542:
536:
535:
519:
516:
513:
512:
510:
490:
489:March 15, 1980
483:
482:
480:
465:
458:
457:
455:
452:
445:
444:
441:
438:
431:
428:
374:
371:
342:modus operandi
305:
302:
293:
290:
218:
217:
206:
205:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
172:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
152:
146:
145:
132:
128:
127:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1813:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1580:Daniel Santos
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1565:Isabel Rosado
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1525:Hugo Margenat
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:Lolita Lebrón
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1470:Oscar Collazo
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1270:Rubén Berríos
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1242:Marcos Xiorro
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1232:Agustín Stahl
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1157:José de Diego
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
988:
983:
981:
976:
974:
969:
968:
965:
957:
953:
948:
945:
941:
938:
935:
931:
928:
925:
921:
918:
915:
914:
909:
906:
905:
900:
897:
896:
891:
887:
886:
873:
872:
864:
849:
845:
838:
830:
826:
819:
811:
807:
801:
793:
789:
782:
775:
771:
767:
764:
758:
743:
739:
735:
728:
713:
707:
692:
688:
682:
680:
678:
676:
667:
661:
657:
653:
652:
644:
630:on 2006-03-03
629:
625:
618:
616:
600:
594:
586:
580:
576:
572:
565:
561:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
537:
533:
522:
511:
508:
503:
499:
495:
491:
485:
484:
481:
478:
474:
470:
466:
460:
459:
456:
453:
447:
446:
443:Reference(s)
442:
439:
436:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:Oscar Collazo
352:
351:Lolita Lebrón
348:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
301:
299:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
268:
264:
260:
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:direct action
233:
229:
225:
213:
209:
203:
200:
197:
193:
190:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173:
171:
167:
164:
163:United States
161:
157:
153:
147:
144:
142:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1737:
1659:
1560:Hiram Rosado
1530:René Marqués
1510:Irvin Flores
1475:Rosa Collazo
1410:Puerto Rican
1360:Pedro Pietri
1197:Manuel Rojas
1115:
1112:(Macheteros)
1018:Agüeybaná II
955:
943:
933:
923:
911:
902:
895:Human Events
893:
889:
870:
863:
851:. Retrieved
847:
837:
828:
818:
809:
800:
791:
781:
757:
746:. Retrieved
727:
716:. Retrieved
706:
695:. Retrieved
691:the original
650:
643:
632:. Retrieved
628:the original
603:. Retrieved
593:
574:
564:
473:George Dunne
464:June 4, 1977
424:Barack Obama
388:Jimmy Carter
376:
367:Irvin Flores
339:
322:
318:
314:
307:
295:
270:Bill Clinton
252:
238:, advocated
232:paramilitary
227:
223:
221:
214:(Macheteros)
207:
140:
124:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1400:Iris Zavala
1385:Piri Thomas
1305:Juan Dalmau
1013:Agüeybaná I
440:Description
1755:Categories
748:2007-10-10
734:Dan Burton
718:2007-06-09
697:2007-09-02
656:SUNY Press
634:2007-06-09
605:2021-03-11
556:References
449:1974-26-10
396:Archbishop
392:Archbishop
292:Philosophy
284:, and the
226:(English:
99:March 2023
69:newspapers
1290:Roy Brown
1253:activists
942:. (1980)
487:1977-3-15
404:terrorist
185:Opponents
154:1950–1983
1739:Claridad
810:CBS News
766:Archived
518:See also
462:1977-6-4
416:campaign
335:military
170:Ideology
1710:Symbols
1656:Gag Law
1038:Urayoán
1033:Jumacao
1023:Arasibo
853:7 April
498:Mondale
471:and of
414:in her
304:History
263:robbery
141:†
131:Leaders
83:scholar
1619:Events
1028:Hayuya
662:
581:
571:"FALN"
494:Carter
390:, the
365:, and
280:, the
137:
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1731:Media
732:Rep.
347:Yanki
90:JSTOR
76:books
855:2017
660:ISBN
579:ISBN
437:Date
340:The
333:and
321:and
244:bomb
222:The
62:news
282:FBI
45:by
1757::
954:.
846:.
827:.
808:.
790:.
772:,
740:.
674:^
654:.
614:^
361:,
357:,
353:,
337:.
317:,
288:.
1662:)
1658:(
986:e
979:t
972:v
898:.
857:.
831:.
794:.
751:.
721:.
700:.
668:.
637:.
608:.
587:.
496:-
345:"
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
