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1339:. Developing countries' economies rely on fast fashion consumption as most export earnings profit from ready-made clothes. China, for example, has gained a yearly profit of $ 158.4 billion from exporting such clothes. Additionally, the hazardous working circumstances these employees endure have an adverse effect on their health, as the employees have to regularly work with hazardous chemicals when manufacturing clothes. Toxic Chemicals, such as lead, phthalates, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly used to preserve and increase the durability of clothes, however, too much contact with these chemicals puts employees and consumers at risk of getting deadly diseases. Alongside the risk of illness employees are more likely to suffer from accidents among their coworkers and having a negative effect on the labor force around the world.
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capabilities. The fast fashion industry currently has little to do with the end of life cycle of clothing, however, with recent social pressures some fast fashion companies collect and export their disposed textiles to developing countries for charity. As the production increases and charities are beginning to turn away fast fashion for being cheaply made, organizations are struggling to come up with sustainable solutions to continue against the social and soon governmental pressure. There are many organizations that provide educational tools on how to reuse and recycle textiles to interested individuals, such as "Human Bridge (charitable organization)". Additionally, the retail and textile chains that encourage recycling or reuse often provide incentives, such as
2046:, and open-loop recycling. Upcycling is the process of using a textile to create something higher quality than the original. Downcycling is using a textile in a way that is less than the original value. Closed-loop recycling is the reuse of one textile over and over again to create the same piece. Open-loop recycling is the process of creating something new with the textile piece. The EU is currently taking initiative to enforce circularity, closed-loop recycling, in the clothing cycle encouraging a less wasteful lifestyle by supporting second-hand and organic clothing pieces, organic in this case being cotton, silk, etc. Even the US in New York City has begun working with natural fibers like bamboo and hemp to make not just clothing but bags as well.
2327:) employment, women are still likely to earn less than men. Mainly, this discrepancy is due to employers preferring to hire men in technical and managerial positions and women in lower-skilled production work. Moreover, employers tend to prefer hiring women for production jobs because they are seen as more compliant and less likely to join labour unions. In addition, a report that interviewed Sri Lankan women working in export processing zones found that gender-based violence "emerged as a dominant theme in their narratives". For example, 38% of women reported seeing or experiencing sexual harassment within their workplace. However, proponents of textile and garment production as a means for economic upgrading in developing countries (
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makes the garments a highly cost-effective marketing tool that drives consumer visits, increases brand awareness, and results in higher rates of consumer purchases. Fast fashion companies have higher profit margins due to their lower % markdown percentage of 15% compared to competitors' 30% plus. The fast fashion business model reduces time cycles from production to consumption, stimulating sales through trends that change throughout the seasons. For example, the traditional fashion seasons followed the annual cycle of summer, autumn, winter and spring, but in fast fashion cycles have compressed into shorter periods of 4–6 weeks and in some cases less. Marketers have thus created more buying seasons in the same time-space.
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1067:, the company was able to respond rapidly to fluctuating demand by swiftly halting production of low-demand items and creating a sense of urgency for consumers to purchase in-demand clothing due to the ever-changing layout and stock of its stores. Items in the store may not be in stock during subsequent visits, prompting consumers to make immediate purchases if they wish to remain on-trend. The clothing is then only worn a few times before it is no longer in style, creating the need to constantly return to the store and buy new, on-trend items cheaply.
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labour-intensive, like clothing. Many export processing zones have been criticized for their substandard working conditions, low wages, and suspension of international and domestic labour laws. Women account for 70–90% of the working population in some export processing zones, such as in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and the
Philippines. Despite their overrepresentation in export processing zone informal sector (
1555:. Now, consumers are able to look at products and businesses on social media before heading to a store or going online to make a purchase. Additionally, consumers can read real customer reviews on different social media accounts to get a better idea of the quality of the products as well as the customer service. Fast fashion retailers were quick to jump on the trend. Fast fashion retailers like
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2298:. Bangladesh – a country known for its cheap labor, is home to four million garment production workers in over 5000 factories, of which 85% are women. Many of these factories do not have proper working conditions for essential workers. In 2013 a group of garment workers protested in Bangladesh over the poor quality of the factory building. In 2013 in Dhaka District, Bangladesh, the
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towards youth. Technology has the power to change all the issues within the fast fashion industry. Brands such as Zara have been listening to their consumers and "thinking green" to improve their environmental impact. As Nina Davis stated in 2020, " are also adopting advanced technologies to improve supply chain efficiency and reduce their
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low labor costs. During the project, lead times in the manufacturing process were halved; the U.S. industry became more competitive for a time, and imports were lowered as a result. The QR initiative was viewed by many as a protection mechanism for the
American textile industry with the aim of improving manufacturing efficiencies.
1574:. Social media influencers can be defined as "regular" individuals who have accrued a large number of followers across multiple social media platforms as a result of the content they post. For the most part, influencers focus their content on one subject area, like food or fashion and have become their own kind of "
1046:, Zara gained prominence by offering affordable imitations of high-end fashion trends alongside its original designs. In 1975, Ortega opened the first European retail outlet for his collections, pioneering his short-term production and distribution model. By the early 1990s, he had expanded to New York, and the
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span and would need to be replaced much more often. Furthermore, as both industry and consumers continue to embrace fast fashion, the volume of goods to be disposed of or recycled has increased substantially. However, most fast-fashion goods do not have the inherent quality to be considered as collectables for
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merchandise can be changed in the middle of the season: A fast fashion system like Zara's can quickly update designs, resulting in short product cycles where a garment does not sit on the stores' shelf for long periods, giving the store a sense of exclusivity and raising the attractiveness of an item.
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within three months of the products' "publication". This publication includes everything from magazine advertisements to the garment's first public runway appearances. The bill would protect the designs for three years after the initial publication. If infringement of copyright occurred the infringer
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generates a total of 5.8 million tons of textiles each year. As a whole, the textile industry occupies roughly 5% of all landfill space. This means that the clothing industry produces about 92 million tons of textile waste annually, much of which is burned or goes into a landfill and less than 1% of
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are central to the creation of fast fashion, and supply chain systems are designed to add value and reduce cost in the process of moving goods from design concept to retail stores and through to consumption. The selection of a merchandising vendor is a key part in the process. Inefficiency primarily
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Fast fashion typically offers buyers quick shipping, meaning delivery can be same-day or only take a few days. Due to constantly evolving trends, buyers need to have their item before it is no longer in style. Oftentimes, fast fashion brands will offer the buyer deals, where they can spend a certain
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New items are delivered twice a week to the stores, reducing the time between initial sale and replenishment. As a result, the shortened time period improves consumer's garment choices and product availability while significantly increasing the number of per customer visits per annum. In the case of
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was developed to improve manufacturing processes in the textile industry to remove time from the production system. The U.S. Apparel
Manufacturing Association initiated the project in the early 1980s to address a competitive threat to its textile manufactures from imported textiles in countries with
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Andrea Chang provided a similar critique of the slow fashion movement in her article "The Impact of Fast
Fashion on Women". She wrote that the slow and ethical fashion movements place too much responsibility on the consumers of fast fashion clothing, most of whom are women, to influence the industry
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In their 2008 article "Fast
Fashion Lessons," Donald Sull and Stefano Turconi studied how Zara revolutionized the fast fashion industry. They attributed the company's success to its strategic supply chain and production network where Zara maintained complicated and capital-intensive operations (like
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The fashion industry is known as the most labor dependent industry, as one in every six people works in acquiring raw materials and manufacturing clothing. There is an increasing concern for sweatshops as more fast fashion stores are lowering their prices and trends are fluctuating more frequently.
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pointed out that in order to make the fast moving trend affordable, fast-fashion merchandise is typically priced much lower than the competition, operating on a business model of low quality and high volume. Low-quality goods make overconsumption more severe since those products have a shorter life
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article "Where Does
Discarded Clothing Go?" that Americans are purchasing five times the amount of clothing than they did in 1980. Due to this rise in consumption, developed countries are producing more and more garments each season with the U.S. importing more than 1 billion garments annually from
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released study results on fashion and suggests a new circular system. A singular t-shirt requires over 2,000 liters of water to make. Clothing is not utilized to its full potential, the Ellen MacArthur
Foundation explains that linear systems are contributing to unsustainable behavior and the future
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Quick response is now used to support fast fashion, creating new products while drawing consumers back to the retail experience for consecutive visits. Quick response also makes it possible for new technologies to increase production and efficiency, typified by the introduction of the complementary
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The advancement of technology has allowed fast fashion to gain popularity over the last decade. Technology has allowed designers to create specifically what their consumers want according to what is "in" at the given moment. Every month, new things are trending and are displayed in stores to market
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These retailers produce and sell products in small batches, keep surplus manufacturing capacity on hand, and frequently induce items to be out of stock, a practice designed to give retailers the ability to make substantial and immediate adjustments to manufacturing. For example, up to 85% of Zara's
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Productive internal relationships within the fast fashion companies are as important as the company's relationships with external suppliers, especially regarding the company's buyers. Traditionally with a "supermarket" market the buying is divided into multi-functional departments. The buying team
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Before the popularization of the fast fashion model, the fashion industry traditionally operated on a four-season cycle, with designers working months in advance to anticipate customer preferences. However, this approach underwent a significant transformation in the 1960s and 1970s, as the younger
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The Design Piracy
Prohibition Act was reintroduced as H.R. 2033 during the first session of the 110th Congress on April 25, 2007. It had goals similar to H.R. 5055, as the bill proposed to protect certain types of apparel design through copyright protection of fashion design. The bill would grant
1631:, cost, and the buying cycle. Timing's objective is to create the shortest production time possible. The quick turnover has increased the demand for the number of seasons presented in the stores. This demand also increases shipping and restocking time periods. Cost is still the consumer's primary
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In recent years, fast fashion retailers have taken a new approach to reaching consumers. Initially, social media's sole purpose was to act as a platform allowing people to connect with other users worldwide. However, social media has become a way for retailers to promote their products and impact
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is able to provide textile packing material to the shipping industry; additionally, more and more recycling programs like StenaRecycling are beginning to find new ways to use textiles to reach a large audience, being able to create construction materials, stuffing, and new and improved textiles.
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is a key driver of fast fashion, creating the desire for consumption of new designs as close as possible to the point of creation. Marketing closes the gap between creation and consumption by promoting something fast, low-priced, and disposable. The continuous release of new products essentially
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in order to participate in the movement. Khan argues that by proposing a solution to fast-fashion that is largely inaccessible to many consumers, they are positioning wealthier women as "agents of change" in the movement against fast fashion, whereas the shopping habits of lower income women are
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In contrast to modern overconsumption, fast fashion traces its roots to World War II austerity, where high design was merged with utilitarian materials. The business model of fast fashion is based on consumers’ desire for new clothing to wear. In order to fulfill consumers' demand, fast fashion
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is needed. After clothing is reused until it is beyond usable for its given function, recycling it through a mechanical or chemical process is the next step. One concern with recycling textiles is the loss of "virgin material"; however, chemical recycling can extract the "virgin materials" like
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heating our planet. The growing demand for quick fashion continuously adds effluent release from the textile factories, containing both dyes and caustic solutions. In comparison, greenhouse gas emissions from textile production companies is more than international flights and maritime shipping
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emerged as prominent brands in the high street fashion scene. Initially starting as small stores located across Europe, they were able to quickly gain prominence in the U.S. fashion market by replicating design elements from runway shows and top fashion houses and quickly reproducing them at a
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as "industrial zones with special incentives set up to attract foreign investors, in which imported materials undergo some degree of processing before being re-exported". These zones have been used by developing countries to bolster foreign investment, and produce consumer goods that are
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The speed of clothing consumption has increased substantially since the late 1990s across the world. All aspects of fast fashion have elements that are not environmentally friendly, the amounts of waste from disposal of textiles into the garbage system is increasing beyond the industries
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are examples of rental services that can be offered to customers when subscribed to the program. Tulerie, a smartphone application offers borrowing, renting, or sharing of clothes in local communities across the globe; users have the opportunity to profit by renting clothes as well.
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In the rise of slow fashion, emphasis has been given to quality clothing that is more enduring. In the 2020 spring-summer fashion season, high-end designers led the movement of slow fashion by creating pieces that developed from environmentally friendly practices in the industry.
1190:" developed in the U.S. in the 1980s and moved to a market-based model of "fast fashion" in the late 1990s and the early 21st century. The Zara brand name has become almost synonymous with the term, but other retailers worked with the concept before the label was applied, such as
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has allowed companies to take advantage of the even lower cost of resources. The buying cycle is the final factor that affects the consumer. Traditionally, fashion buying cycles are based around long-term forecasts that occur one year to six months before the season.
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uses the bottom-up approach when trend information is involved, meaning the information is only shared with the company's fifteen top suppliers. On the other hand, information about future aims, and strategies of production are shared downward within the buyer
1582:, their followers may feel compelled to purchase clothing from that retailer too. Studies have shown that there is a correlation between following social media influencers and shopping more frequently. Even though some fast fashion retailers still have
1627:" segment within the larger sense of the fashion market. This term refers to fast fashion's nature to "race to make apparel an even smarter and quicker cash generator". Three crucial differentiating model factors exist within fast fashion consumption:
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and new supply chain practices of fast fashion even accelerate the speed of it. In recent years, the fashion cycle has steadily decreased as fast fashion retailers sell clothing that is expected to be disposed of after being worn only a few times.
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combined annually. The materials used not only affect the environment in textile products, but also the workers and the people who wear the clothes. The hazardous substances affect all aspects of life and release into the environments around them.
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quickly took center stage across numerous social media platforms. Social media users, specifically young women, could not go online without seeing something from this fast fashion website, and "Shein hauls" became one of the most popular trends on
2288:. 500 employees in Indonesia left their work and protested for higher pay as their pay was below the country's minimum wage. Once a strike evolved, the factory removed their access to the building and paid men to harass the workers.
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2208:, fashion is deeply committed to planned obsolescence. Last year's skirts, for example, are designed to be replaced by this year's new models. In this case, fashion goods are purchased even when the old ones are still wearable. The
1477:, has become the global model for how to decrease the time between design and production. This production shortcut enables the company to manufacture over 30,000 units of product every year to nearly 1,600 stores in 58 countries.
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In her 2016 article titled "Doing Good and
Looking Good: Women in 'Fast Fashion' Activism", Rimi Khan criticized the slow fashion movement, particularly the work of high-profile designers and slow fashion advocates McCartney and
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company, and used its networks to sell fast fashion by catalog and mail order. In the 1990s, H&M invested in large city billboard advertising, featuring celebrities and supermodels. H&M opened its flagship USA store on
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1417:. In developed countries like the United States, the average garment worker in Los Angeles, reported by the Garment Worker Center (GWC), is about $ 5.15 per hour despite the federal minimum wage being $ 7.25 per hour in 2016.
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Carr, D. Jasun; Gotlieb, Melissa R.; Lee, Nam-Jin; Shah, Dhavan V. (November 2012). "Examining
Overconsumption, Competitive Consumption, and Conscious Consumption from 1994 to 2004: Disentangling Cohort and Period Effects".
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through their consumption. Chang suggests that because most consumers are limited in their ability to choose where and how they purchase clothing, largely due to financial factors, anti-fast fashion activists should target
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fashion. In the 21st century mass consumption of clothing has been on the rise. In 2014, the average person purchased 60 percent more articles of clothing and kept said clothing for half as long compared to the year 2000.
2331:) have pointed out that clothing production work tends to have higher wages than other available jobs, such as agriculture or domestic service work, and therefore provides women with a larger degree of financial autonomy.
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line as well as many other well-known designers. Forever 21 has not commented on the state of the litigation but initially said it was "taking steps to organize itself to prevent intellectual property violations".
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According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, the fast fashion system provides opportunities for economic growth, but the entire industry hinders sustainability efforts by contributing to 20% of
1635:. Costs are largely reduced by taking advantage of lower prices in markets in developing countries. In 2004, developing countries accounted for nearly 75 percent of all clothing exports and the removal of several
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fashion designs a three-year term of protection, based on registration with the U.S. Copyright Office. The fines of copyright infringement would continue to be $ 250,000 total or $ 5 per copied merchandise.
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Polyester and cotton dominate the textile industry with the synthetic fiber polyester exceeding production of cotton since 2002. Fast fashion has caused a spike in textile waste, with no stop in production,
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Fast fashion proves successful economically for the retail industry worldwide. The fast-fashion market in 2020 globally produced $ 25.1 billion. It was expected to increase at an annual compound growth rate
1274:, wealthy, and female demographic. Khan also pointed out that because most slow fashion products are significantly more expensive than fast fashion items, consumers are required to have a certain amount of
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1308:) of 21.9%, resulting in the global market increase to $ 31 billion in 2021. By 2030, it is estimated that the fast fashion industry will bring a revenue of $ 192 billion to the world's global economy.
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begins at $ 32 (equivalent to US$ 105 at U.S. prices), while an experienced worker is $ 122 a month (or US$ 400 at U.S. prices). The lowest hourly wage for workers in developing countries is less than
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computer-guided fabric cutting) in-house, and outsourced more labor-intensive operations, such as garment sewing, to a network of local subcontractors and seamstress operatives based in Galicia.
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1081:, a Swedish entrepreneur, traveled to New York City, where he was greatly intrigued and impressed by the high-volume fashion production he witnessed. The following year, Persson established a
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to solve sizing issues, and give accurate size recommendations on their website to reduce environmental impact on returns. H&M's design team is implementing 3D design, 3D sampling and
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This technique eliminates potential textile waste right at the design stage, where the pattern pieces are strategically laid like a jigsaw puzzle onto a precisely measured piece of fabric.
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Fashion is updated frequently to meet peoples demand for the availability of the newest and latest clothing styles. The efficiency is achieved through the retailers' understanding of the
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and killed over 1,000 workers. In addition to a structurally unsound building, the employees were overworked. Bangladesh has the lowest minimum wage of all countries exporting apparel.
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in income conditions. To reach the target goals of consumer demands from the U.S. and Europe, garment laborers in developing countries, on average, are expected to work 11 hours a day.
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The main intention of this strategy involves designing a product in such a way that it can be easily taken apart at the end of its lifespan and this allows the use of fewer materials.
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The fast fashion industry can thrive economically through the low production costs of its manufacturers in Asia. One low production cost is the investment cost of materials to make a
1179:" in the mid-2000s. According to the UK Environmental Audit Committee's report "Fixing Fashion", the practice "involves increased numbers of new fashion collections every year, quick
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to the atmosphere. Fast fashion production has doubled since 2000, with brands such as Zara producing 24 collections a year and H&M producing about 12 to 16 collections a year.
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1502:, resulting in the items being returned. However, fast fashion returns do not always get sold again. The company will likely throw the item out because it is no longer in style.
1224:(both in the production of clothes and in the decay of synthetic fabrics), poor workmanship, and emphasis on very brief trends over classic style. Elizabeth L. Cline's 2012 book
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1445:. One of the largest causes of the high demand is the short trend cycles: The more an audience is exposed to new trends, the higher the demand grows. Primarily, the concept of
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brands provide affordable prices and a wide range of clothing that reflects the latest trends. This ends up persuading consumers to buy more items which leads to the issue of
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This technique combines and incorporates ancestral craft techniques into modern designs and in a way it ensures preservation of traditional craftsmanship through innovation.
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1665:. In an agile supply chain, the principal characteristics include sharing information and technology. The collaboration results in the reduction in the amount of stock in
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Sheridan, Mandy; Moore, Christopher; Nobbs, Karinna (1 July 2006). "Fast fashion requires fast marketing: The role of category management in fast fashion positioning".
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Unlike many fashion companies, Zara rarely invests in television adverts or press promotional campaigns. Instead, it relies on store windows to convey the brand image,
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Hence, workers' monthly income would be about $ 858 if they worked 40 hours a week. This is a much higher salary than in developing countries but still lower than the
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Hines, T. (2007) Supply Chain Strategies, Structures and Relationships, in Hines, T. and M.Bruce. Eds. Fashion Marketing Contemporary Issues 2nd Edn. Oxford, Elsevier
1567:. Companies like Boohoo hoped that the constant exposure to their products would influence users to not only visit their website, but also to buy clothing from them.
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Companies use two marketing strategies, since the main difference is the amount of advertisement spending. While some companies invest in advertising, others like
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Design Piracy Prohibition Act would protect fashion designers from having their ideas imitated immediately after their public release, such as runway appearances.
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have implemented a pull factor framework, which is a new methodology that strives to make sustainable innovation more enticing for consumers and producers alike.
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Companies are helping support the circular system in fashion production and consumer behavior by renting out clothes to customers with recycled or reuse items.
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fabric because they are inexpensive and durable. In 2020 polyester's global price per metric ton was $ 725 (or 32.9 cents per pound), and the global price for
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was one of the first investigations into the human and environmental toll of fast fashion. The practice has also come under criticism for contributing to poor
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Lou, Chen; Yuan, Shupei (2 January 2019). "Influencer Marketing: How Message Value and Credibility Affect Consumer Trust of Branded Content on Social Media".
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The origins of the "fast fashion" phenomenon involve several key players, rather than a single brand or company. One influential figure in this movement was
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protein-based and cellulosic fibers to produce new products. The deterioration of material to provide new products is the process of mechanical recycling.
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The companies in the fast fashion market also utilize a range of relationships with the suppliers. The product is first classified as "core" or "fashion".
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explained that the process of designing and creating clothing in slow fashion involves consciousness of materials, consumer demand, and climate impact.
1194:. Fast fashion has also become associated with disposable fashion because it has delivered designer products to a mass market at relatively low prices.
1093:, Sweden. Between 1960 and 1979, the company rapidly expanded, with 42 stores across Europe, and began producing clothing for women, men, and children.
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The consumer in the fast fashion market thrives on constant change and the frequent availability of new products. Fast fashion is considered to be a "
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used clothing is recycled into new garments. The clothing that is discarded into landfills is often made from non-biodegradable synthetic materials.
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4826:"The fashion industry emits more carbon than international flights and maritime shipping combined. Here are the biggest ways it impacts the planet"
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Instead of posting pre-made ads on their accounts, fast fashion retailers realized that an effective way to advertise could be to use social media
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According to these statistics, polyester fabric is more affordable than cotton, but both are relativity cheaper than higher quality fabric such as
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to buy current clothing styles at a lower price. This philosophy of quick manufacturing at an affordable price is used in large retailers such as
883:. Labor practices in fast fashion are often exploitative, and due to the gender concentration of the garment industry, women are more vulnerable.
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There are the organizations that work to recycle the material into new usable materials for a wide variety of industry needs. Working with the
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Fast fashion brands produce pieces to get the newest style on the market as soon as possible. They emphasize optimizing certain aspects of the
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Hancock, Peter (January 2006). "Violence, Women, Work and Empowerment: Narratives from Factory Women in Sri Lanka's Export Processing Zones".
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rights. The lawsuits contended that certain pieces of merchandise at the retailer can effectively be considered infringements of designs from
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consist of individuals recording themselves showing items they purchased (typically a large quantity) and posting the video on platforms like
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occurs when suppliers cannot respond quickly enough, and clothing ends up bottlenecked and in back stock. Two kinds of supply chains exist,
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to create the instant hook. Research shows that 75 percent of consumers' decisions are made in front of a fixture within three seconds.
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M. Taplin, Ian (25 February 2014). "Who is to blame?: A re-examination of fast fashion after the 2013 factory disaster in Bangladesh".
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according to a 2022 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development report. While a recent survey found that nearly 10% of the
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1578:" whom followers value and whose opinions they trust. As a result, when social media influencers post content wearing an outfit from
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Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
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Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
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According to FutureLearn, the following design strategies and techniques can be applied to make fast fashion more sustainable:
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The origin story of H&M shares common threads with Zara. Technically, it is the world's longest-running retailer. In 1946,
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to describe Zara's business model, highlighting its ability to bring a designer's idea to store shelves in as soon as 15 days.
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or TikTok. Amid a global pandemic, these billions of views allowed Shein to bring in about $ 10 billion in revenue that year.
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found in the ocean occur from textile waste and discarded fashion clothing which may raise a bit of a concern going forward.
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3100:"American Seams: An Exploration of Hybrid Fast Fashion and Domestic Manufacturing Models in Relocalised Apparel Production"
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and often lower prices. Reacting rapidly to offer new products to meet consumer demand is crucial to this business model."
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Romero, Ana Teresa (September 1995). "Labour Standards and Export Processing Zones: Situation and Pressures for Change".
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This technique allows faster manufacturing time by lessening the number of seams that are necessary to stitch a garment.
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estimates that 5 billion pounds of waste is generated through returns each year, contributing 15 million metric tons of
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discard around 193,000 tons of clothing and textiles, which equates to 6% of all the city's garbage. In comparison, the
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The concerns are not simply related to solid waste any longer either. Fast fashion packaging is accountable for 40% of
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Fiber regeneration from textile waste – recovery of glucose and polyester is possible and allows for reuse of material
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with a stake in the fast fashion industry rather than create an alternative industry that is only accessible to some.
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Khurana, Karan; Muthu, S.S. (18 February 2022). "Are low- and middle-income countries profiting from fast fashion?".
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estimated that the business of what we wear, including its long supply chains, is responsible for 10 percent of the
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strategize in manufacturing. Most fast fashion clothes exporters are from developing countries across Asia, such as
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The foundation for expansion into the global market was laid in the 1980s when H&M acquired Rowells, a Swedish
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In particular, H&M has faced controversial issues and backlash regarding their sweatshops in Asian countries.
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Fermentation of textile waste for ethanol production – cotton fabric provides enhancement of bioethanol production
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5204:"Fueling the Sustainable Fashion Movement Unlocking "The Pull Factor" to Tip Fashion Toward a Sustainable Future"
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1725:. In addition, fast fashion is responsible for nearly 10 percent of global gas emissions. Providing insight, the
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Before the 19th century, fashion was a laborious, time-consuming process that required sourcing materials like
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reported that in 2018, the global fiber production has reached the highest all-time, 107 million metric tons.
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Niinimäki, Kirsi; Peters, Greg; Dahlbo, Helena; Perry, Patsy; Rissanen, Timo; Gwilt, Alison (7 April 2020).
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Anaerobic digestion of textile waste – decomposition of organic cotton textile to collect methane and other
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workers from developing countries for their low wages. There are more than 60 million workers that produce
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Building/construction material from textile waste – use of textiles in building materials and construction
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has also been the subject of controversy. The global fashion industry is responsible for 8–10% of global
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The International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic, and Social Sustainability: Annual Review
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Fast fashion has developed from a product-driven concept based on a manufacturing model referred to as "
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is a luxury designer who focuses on sustainable and ethical practices and has done so since the 1990s.
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generations began to create new trends. During this period there was still a clear distinction between
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2702:""Fast Fashion Getting Faster: A Look at the Unethical Labor Practices Sustaining a Growing Industry""
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has been used to align the retail buyer and the manufacturer in a more collaborative relationship.
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Hines, T. (2004), Supply Chain Strategies: Customer Driven and Customer Focused, Oxford: Elsevier.
3317:"How Technology in Fashion is Changing the Fast Fashion Industry for the Better - Without Limits™"
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for the trends to be designed and manufactured quickly and inexpensively and allow the mainstream
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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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them at a low cost, and bringing them to retail quickly while demand is at its highest. The term
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Centobelli, Piera; Abbate, Stefano; Nadeem, Simon Peter; Garza-Reyes, Jose Arturo (2022-12-01).
4241:"Fashion conscious consumers, fast fashion and the impact of social media on purchase intention"
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Hunter, N.A. . 1990. Quick Response in Apparel Manufacturing. Manchester The Textile Institute.
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Composting of textile waste – cotton waste provides an excellent source of nutrients in compost
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4058:"Fast fashion: Why your online returns may end up in landfill, and what can be done about it"
3642:"5 toxic chemicals used in fast fashion clothing, and how they can affect your immune system"
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per year, to which fast fashion is a large contributor. The low cost of production, favoring
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methods, and greater reliance on low-cost labor from the apparel manufacturing industries of
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How To Break Up With Fast Fashion: A Guilt-free Guide to Changing the Way You Shop for Good
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on March 30, 2006. Under the bill designers would submit fashion sketches or photos to the
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2982:"Sneaky ways stores like H&M, Zara, and Uniqlo get you to spend more money on clothes"
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4926:"Fast Fashion, Charities, and the Circular Economy: Challenges for Operations Management"
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3175:"Fixing fashion: clothing consumption and sustainability - Environmental Audit Committee"
3038:"As Waste Plagues the Fast-Fashion Industry, Asos Is Taking a Step Toward Sustainability"
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4142:"The Life-cycle of the Fashion Garment and the Role of Australian Mass Market Designers"
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Behind the brand names: working conditions and labour rights in export processing zones
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movement has risen in opposition to fast fashion, taking issue with responsibility for
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in New York City in 2000, marking the commencement of its expansion outside of Europe.
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is also used generically to describe the products of this business model, particularly
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1441:'s wants, which is a high fashion-looking garment at a price at the lower end of the
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As a result, clothes became cheaper and easier to make and buy. Meanwhile, localized
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4087:""An infinite burden": Tipa CEO urges fashion industry to use compostable packaging"
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1586:, many retailers have turned to social media influencers to promote their clothing.
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plays a key role in overconsumption. Based on the study of planned obsolescence in
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5602:"The role of clothing and textile industries in growth and development strategies"
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3616:"By the Numbers: The Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts of "Fast Fashion""
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This economic growth from fast fashion is demonstrated through how companies like
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China alone. United Kingdom textile consumption surged by 37% from 2001 to 2005.
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961:’ that would become the foundation for twenty-first-century clothing production.
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Zanjirani Farahani, Reza; Asgari, Nasrin; Van Wassenhove, Luk N. (March 2022).
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Bruce, Margaret; Daly, Lucy (1 July 2006). "Buyer behaviour for fast fashion".
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Hobson, J. (7 July 2013). "To die for? The health and safety of fast fashion".
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Juanga-Labayen, Jeanger P.; Labayen, Ildefonso V.; Yuan, Qiuyan (March 2022).
3938:
3853:"From analogue to digital supply chains: Implications for fashion marketing".
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3759:
3268:
3216:"From analogue to digital supply chains: Implications for fashion marketing".
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Thermal recovery – incineration of remaining textiles to collect usable energy
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There are many technologies that assist in the recycling of textile products:
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of fashion may need to transition towards a circular system of production and
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realized that social media advertisements could be a great way to reach their
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4529:"Global fiber production reaches all-time high, preferred cotton share rises"
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2887:"Why Zara Succeeds: It Focuses On Pulling People In, Not Pushing Product Out"
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5269:"8 clothing rental services that let you change your wardrobe in an instant"
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4679:"Fast Fashion Is the Second Dirtiest Industry in the World, Next to Big Oil"
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3586:"Fast Fashion Global Market Report 2021: COVID-19 Growth and Change to 2030"
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4188:"Globalization: An introduction to fashion markets and fashion marketing".
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1669:. A lean supply chain is characterized as the correct appropriation of the
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The world saw a surge in these social media marketing practices during the
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Woyke, Elizabeth (10 April 2006). "Fashion's Bid to Knock Out Knockoffs".
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3012:"A List Of 41 Fast Fashion Brands To Avoid - The Sustainable Living Guide"
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Quick response : managing the supply chain to meet consumer demand
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4730:. Russell King, Alan Hunter. Chichester, West Sussex, England: Wiley.
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People on the road protesting saying fast fashion destroys the climate
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of cotton material, resulting in less than $ 1 of cotton fabric used.
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are released into the environment by fashion-related operations. The
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Sull, Donald; Turconi, Stefano (June 2008). "Fast fashion lessons".
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for fast fashion retail, and 80 percent of those workers are women.
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changed the world of fashion by introducing new technology like the
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208:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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5464:"Labor-Intensive Industries: How immigration plays a critical role"
3145:"Sunday Times Style Magazine September 17th 2006 – Back in Fashion"
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2010:, which offered a rebate to customers who turned in their clothes.
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The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
4709:"A scrappy solution to the fashion industry's giant waste problem"
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Quick Response - Managing the Supply Chain to Meet Consumer Demand
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The average American household produces 70 pounds (32 kg) of
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MVO Netherlands researched in 2019 that workers' monthly wages in
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4865:"Reuse and Recycling of Clothing and Textiles—A Network Approach"
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would be fined $ 250,000, or $ 5 per copy, whichever is a larger
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Fast fashion particularly came to the fore during the vogue for "
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3510:"Doing good and looking good: women in 'fast fashion' activism"
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can be used to produce small garment runs for specific stores.
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5118:"Waste Couture: Environmental Impact of the Clothing Industry"
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and one of the earliest critics of fast fashion, notes in her
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5052:"Slowing the fast fashion industry: An all-round perspective"
3445:"SS20's Biggest Trend? Slow Fashion That's Rooted In Reality"
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There are categories or types of recycling that can be done:
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Supply chain, vendor relationships and internal relationships
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1266:, as well as other well known industry professionals such as
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journalist Lauren Bravo sees fast fashion stretching back to
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4796:"Your brand new returns end up in landfill | BBC Earth"
4313:"Shein is the future of fast fashion. Is that a good thing?"
3957:
Pfeifer, Margarida O. (September 2007). "Fast and Furious".
3064:"Uniqlo Is Going to Start Producing Clothing at Zara Speeds"
2733:"Uniqlo Is Going to Start Producing Clothing at Zara Speeds"
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6443:
4644:"Environmental impact of the textile and clothing industry"
4361:"UN Alliance aims to put fashion on path to sustainability"
4341:
Hines, T (2010). "Trends in textile global supply chains".
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES: demand driven and customer focused
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operate with no advertising, investing in store layout and
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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3475:"5 Sustainable Luxury Designers For Eco-Friendly Fashion"
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832:. Retailers who employ the fast fashion strategy include
5011:"A Review on Textile Recycling Practices and Challenges"
4591:"Can 'upcycling' give Haiti's fashion industry a boost?"
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so the team can consider lower cost production options.
1270:, for creating fashion products which cater to a mostly
5490:. Fashion Revolution Community Interest Company. 2023.
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is the largest producer of clothing in under-developed
5835:"Retailer Forever 21 Facing A Slew of Design Lawsuits"
4761:"A New Textiles Economy: Redesigning Fashion's Future"
4028:"Why 8 Companies Offer Free Shipping On Their Website"
3614:
Reichart, Elizabeth; Drew, Deborah (10 January 2019).
3347:
Overdressed: the shockingly high cost of cheap fashion
1739:
Overdressed: The Shockingly High Cost of Cheap Fashion
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Overdressed: The Shockingly High Cost of Cheap Fashion
4863:
Ekström, Karin M.; Salomonson, Nicklas (April 2014).
4390:"A New Textiles Economy: Redesiging Fashion's Future"
3719:. California Cotton Ginners and Growers Association.
2766:"Fashion History Lesson: The Origins of Fast Fashion"
2511:. Global Labor Justice. 24 March 2020. Archived from
1386:
The fast fashion industry faces criticism for hiring
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Keane, Jodie; te Velde, Dirk Willem (27 June 2014).
5578:. International Confederation of Free Trade Unions.
4485:. Sandy Black. New York: Thames & Hudson. 2013.
4221:
Baker, Rosie (June 2008). "Following fast fashion".
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Desai, Anuj; Nassar, Nedal; Chertow, Marian (2012).
2305:
1891:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a
2245:Brands and store companies that use sweatshops are
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859:became less expensive—the result of more efficient
266:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5870:"What would happen if the world stopped shopping?"
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5056:Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry
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3816:
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855:Fast fashion grew during the late 20th century as
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4459:"Profile of H&M: A Pioneer of Fast Fashion".
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3666:"Polyethylene terephthalate prices globally 2022"
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3555:Journal of Integrative Research & Reflection
2509:"Gender Based Violence in Garment Supply Chains"
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4615:"What is fast fashion and why is it a problem?"
3977:"What is fast fashion and why is it a problem?"
3514:Women & Environments International Magazine
3380:Critical Perspectives on International Business
2936:
2857:"What is fast fashion and why is it a problem?"
945:businesses emerged, catering to members of the
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2318:The International Labour Organization defines
982:and tailors who sold mass-produced affordable
949:, and employing workroom employees along with
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4245:Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies
4112:"10 Concerning Fast Fashion Waste Statistics"
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153:. Please discuss this issue on the article's
6145:Timeline of clothing and textiles technology
5430:Gwilt, Alison; Rissanen, Timo, eds. (2012).
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3286:. Amsterdam; Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.
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3927:Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management
3819:Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management
3748:Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management
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2948:"How Fast Fashion Is Destroying the Planet"
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2788:
2706:The George Washington University Law School
1850:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1602:, with 4.7 billion views as of March 2022.
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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3694:International Monetary Fund (1980-01-01).
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3202:Lowson, B., R. King, and A. Hunter. 1999.
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2147:have turned to sizing technology that use
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2946:Schlossberg, Tatiana (3 September 2019).
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2539:"The environmental price of fast fashion"
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1982:Learn how and when to remove this message
1964:Learn how and when to remove this message
1911:Learn how and when to remove this message
1737:Journalist Elizabeth L. Cline, author of
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397:Learn how and when to remove this message
379:Learn how and when to remove this message
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224:Learn how and when to remove this message
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5515:"Facts on Bangladesh's Garment Industry"
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3698:. FRED Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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2479:"Ultra-fast Fashion Is Eating the World"
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5488:"Why do we need a Fashion Revolution?"
5233:Biondi, Annachiara (6 December 2018).
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4463:. No. 130. 2007. pp. 11–13.
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4190:Fashion Marketing: Contemporary Issues
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3314:
3284:Fashion marketing: contemporary issues
3218:Fashion Marketing: Contemporary Issues
3055:
2543:Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
2473:
2363:United States House of Representatives
2294:has received backlash over its use of
1872:contains content that is written like
1085:store called Hennes & Mauritz (or
902:abatement measures have led to excess
16:Quick retail copying of catwalk trends
6011:
5891:
5845:from the original on 14 December 2022
5774:
5612:from the original on 14 December 2022
5573:
5506:
5494:from the original on 20 December 2017
5331:
5329:
5298:Chua, Jasmin Malik (29 August 2017).
5262:
5260:
5245:from the original on 14 December 2019
4758:
4555:
4553:
4440:from the original on October 25, 2015
4427:
4423:
4421:
4340:
4220:
4139:
4109:
3607:
3551:"The Impact of Fast Fashion on Women"
3548:
3442:
3438:
3436:
3344:
3282:Hines, Tony; Bruce, Margaret (2007).
3248:
3137:
3018:from the original on 12 December 2023
3003:
2975:
2973:
2908:
2759:
2757:
2577:from the original on 21 November 2022
2300:Rana Plaza factory building collapsed
2216:A 2014 article about fast fashion in
1488:
1374:. One basic T-shirt would require .5
986:for men. In the 1960s companies like
6288:Social media in the fashion industry
6037:
5691:
5664:
5624:
5480:
5297:
4930:Production and Operations Management
3782:"Dirty Threads, Dangerous Factories"
3507:
3155:from the original on 11 January 2024
3104:The Journal of Corporate Citizenship
3009:
2884:
2817:
2699:
2019:Swedish Prison and Probation Service
1922:
1856:
1815:
1546:Social media in the fashion industry
879:, where women make up 85-90% of the
337:
264:adding citations to reliable sources
235:
173:
117:
59:
18:
5590:
5564:
5337:"Where Does Discarded Clothing Go?"
5314:from the original on 29 August 2017
5300:"Fast Fashion's Surprising Origins"
5043:
4975:
4914:
4847:
4430:"Where Does Discarded Clothing Go?"
4299:
4261:
4229:
4161:10.18848/1832-2077/CGP/v07i03/54938
4000:
3734:
3575:
3539:
3496:
2979:
2764:Idacavage, Sara (17 October 2018).
1238:2013 Dhaka garment factory collapse
487:Global trade of secondhand clothing
13:
5861:
5703:Gender, Technology and Development
5652:10.1111/j.1467-7679.1995.tb00093.x
5326:
5279:from the original on 12 April 2020
5257:
4550:
4428:Cline, Elizabeth (July 18, 2014).
4418:
4273:Journal of Interactive Advertising
3639:
3455:from the original on 17 April 2020
3433:
3062:Gustashaw, Megan (20 March 2017).
2970:
2958:from the original on 26 April 2023
2754:
2731:Gustashaw, Megan (20 March 2017).
2712:from the original on April 6, 2024
2597:"Textile Machines Selection Guide"
2489:from the original on 3 August 2023
2228:
2174:
1381:
14:
7049:
5214:from the original on 31 July 2020
5202:Courtney, Liz (24 January 2020).
5122:Environmental Health Perspectives
4685:. August 17, 2015. Archived from
4406:from the original on June 6, 2021
4055:
3074:from the original on 7 April 2023
2306:Women and export processing zones
2183:Discarded clothes in London, 2019
1831:This article has multiple issues.
1805:
1363:in 2021 was 126 cents per pound.
660:Sustainability of vintage fashion
34:This article has multiple issues.
7028:21st century in economic history
6965:
6130:History of clothing and textiles
6111:
5917:
5803:. April 25, 2007. Archived from
5768:
5749:. March 30, 2006. Archived from
5658:
5267:Douglas, Demi (28 August 2019).
4483:The sustainable fashion handbook
4397:www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org
3516:. No. 96/97. pp. 7–9.
3112:10.9774/gleaf.4700.2012.sp.00006
3014:. The Sustainable Living Guide.
2803:10.1111/j.1467-8616.2008.00527.x
2339:
2314:July 2011, women and men working
2076:Design strategies and techniques
1927:
1861:
1820:
1342:
1279:often considered "problematic".
998:endured as a fast fashion icon.
755:
741:
443:
342:
240:
178:
137:to read and navigate comfortably
122:
64:
23:
6063:Environmental impact of fashion
5868:MacKinnon, J.B. (28 May 2021).
5833:Casabona, Liza (23 July 2007).
5553:from the original on 2018-04-11
5535:
5456:
5423:
5387:
5376:from the original on 2015-11-13
5358:
5347:from the original on 2015-11-18
5291:
5226:
5195:
5184:from the original on 2020-07-31
5174:"Sustainable design techniques"
5166:
5116:Claudio, Luz (September 2007).
5109:
5098:from the original on 2023-10-28
4964:from the original on 2023-03-22
4903:from the original on 2022-10-16
4836:from the original on 2023-10-27
4817:
4806:from the original on 2021-06-10
4788:
4777:from the original on 2019-12-11
4752:
4719:
4701:
4671:
4660:from the original on 2020-01-10
4636:
4625:from the original on 2022-04-09
4607:
4582:
4561:"Council for Textile Recycling"
4539:from the original on 2020-01-22
4521:
4475:
4452:
4382:
4371:from the original on 2020-03-24
4353:
4334:
4323:from the original on 2022-01-02
4214:
4181:
4170:from the original on 2023-04-06
4133:
4122:from the original on 2023-11-26
4103:
4079:
4068:from the original on 2022-12-04
4049:
4038:from the original on 2022-12-04
4019:
3994:
3969:
3888:
3879:
3846:
3837:
3792:from the original on 2022-05-31
3774:
3723:from the original on 2022-05-22
3709:
3687:
3676:from the original on 2022-05-25
3658:
3633:
3596:from the original on 2022-05-17
3528:from the original on 2022-05-17
3485:from the original on 2020-07-31
3467:
3443:Quick, Harriet (6 March 2020).
3398:
3371:
3349:. New York: Portfolio/Penguin.
3338:
3327:from the original on 2021-10-26
3275:
3242:
3209:
3196:
3185:from the original on 2019-05-03
3167:
3126:from the original on 2022-07-08
3044:from the original on 2023-04-08
3030:
2992:from the original on 2023-04-08
2897:from the original on 2022-10-11
2878:
2867:from the original on 2022-11-23
2849:
2838:from the original on 2021-08-23
2782:
2743:from the original on 2023-04-07
2657:from the original on 2021-04-14
2632:from the original on 2020-10-01
2607:from the original on 2021-03-16
2422:Impact of fast fashion in China
2335:Design legislation and lawsuits
1839:or discuss these issues on the
1753:Global Fashion Business Journal
1704:Environmental impact of fashion
1648:
1014:Fast fashion retailers such as
553:Biodegradable athletic footwear
453:Environmental impact of fashion
251:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
5543:"Planet Money Makes A T-Shirt"
4589:DuFault, Amy (16 April 2014).
4436:. The Atlantic Monthly Group.
4026:Farmiloe, Brett (2021-06-10).
3717:"How Much Cotton Does It Take"
2724:
2693:
2668:
2643:
2618:
2603:. Global Spec Engineering360.
2589:
2501:
608:Socially responsible investing
1:
4461:Textile Outlook International
4285:10.1080/15252019.2018.1533501
4110:Igini, Martina (2023-08-21).
3549:Chang, Andrea (9 June 2020).
2921:. hmgroup.com. Archived from
2828:"What Makes Zara So Special?"
2449:
2359:Design Piracy Prohibition Act
2233:
2126:
2100:Design for disassembly (DfD):
1762:every year. The residents of
1613:
1432:
7023:Clothing and the environment
5235:"Can fast fashion be green?"
4311:Nguyen, Terry (2021-07-13).
4254:10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n3s1p173
2377:
2344:
1994:
1516:
1298:
1117:A H&M store in Downtown
865:quick response manufacturing
712:Environmental record of Nike
7:
5432:Shaping Sustainable Fashion
5076:10.1016/j.cogsc.2022.100684
3345:Cline, Elizabeth L (2013).
3315:Davies, Nina (2020-10-27).
2653:. Good On You. 2018-08-07.
2415:
2386:
1427:
578:Environmental impact design
204:the claims made and adding
145:content into sub-articles,
10:
7054:
6135:History of Western fashion
5715:10.1177/097185240601000203
4001:Lai, Olivia (2021-11-10).
3590:www.researchandmarkets.com
3392:10.1108/cpoib-09-2013-0035
3179:publications.parliament.uk
2237:
2094:Minimal seam construction:
1998:
1809:
1727:Ellen MacArthur Foundation
1701:
1543:
1351:. Fast fashion invests in
1108:
909:
6960:
6912:
6864:
6761:
6652:
6575:
6510:
6501:
6464:
6385:
6311:
6186:
6163:
6140:History of fashion design
6120:
6109:
6055:
6049:Index of fashion articles
6046:
5925:
5640:Development Policy Review
4869:Journal of Macromarketing
4565:www.weardonaterecycle.org
3939:10.1108/13612020610679303
3831:10.1108/13612020610679286
3786:The Garment Worker Center
3760:10.1108/JFMM-12-2020-0260
3620:World Resources Institute
2563:10.1038/s43017-020-0039-9
2225:or historic collections.
2192:. Dana Thomas, author of
2168:American Eagle Style Drop
2155:to help cut waste, while
2131:Fast fashion brands like
1469:. The Spanish mega chain
1042:. Established in 1963 in
898:, chemicals, and minimal
857:manufacturing of clothing
6520:British country clothing
6078:Fashion design copyright
5409:10.1177/0002716212449452
4881:10.1177/0276146714529658
4824:McFall-Johnsen, Morgan.
4768:ellenmacarthurfoundation
4239:Michaela, Elram (2015).
4192:. 2012. pp. 21–45.
3857:. 2012. pp. 46–67.
3696:"Global price of Cotton"
3220:. 2012. pp. 46–67.
2791:Business Strategy Review
1791:greenhouse gas emissions
1498:. This creates a lot of
6879:Anti-sweatshop movement
5028:10.3390/textiles2010010
4198:10.4324/9780080506241-8
4091:.packaginginsights.com/
4003:"What is Fast Fashion?"
3863:10.4324/9780080506241-9
3226:10.4324/9780080506241-9
2919:"H&M Group History"
2651:"What Is Fast Fashion?"
2320:export processing zones
2157:artificial intelligence
1936:Some of this section's
1584:"celebrity ambassadors"
1494:amount of money to get
1422:U.S. standard of living
351:Some of this article's
7018:Clothing controversies
6930:Chinoiserie in fashion
5574:Sarah, Perman (2004).
5522:Clean Clothes Campaign
5366:"Planned obsolescence"
4513:: CS1 maint: others (
2354:
2315:
2261:and plenty of others.
2184:
2164:New York & Company
2112:Pull factor framework:
1717:
1685:Internal relationships
1540:Social media marketing
1121:
1031:fraction of the cost.
969:
852:-conscious consumers.
808:of replicating recent
598:Reconstructed clothing
588:Public interest design
421:
413:Clothes for sale at a
86:by rewriting it in an
6266:Fashion merchandising
5977:Instant gratification
5665:Joni, Seager (2018).
5440:10.4324/9780203126172
4140:Payne, Alice (2011).
3568:10.15353/jirr.v3.1624
3419:10.1093/occmed/kqt079
3407:Occupational Medicine
3151:. 17 September 2006.
3010:Eric (30 July 2023).
2675:Lauren Bravo (2020).
2401:Diane von Fürstenberg
2397:intellectual property
2367:U.S. Copyright Office
2352:
2313:
2259:Abercrombie and Fitch
2182:
1999:Further information:
1893:neutral point of view
1810:Further information:
1715:
1544:Further information:
1453:Quick response method
1401:that manufacture for
1116:
967:
928:Industrial Revolution
412:
7013:21st-century fashion
6841:South Korean fashion
6303:Trickle-down fashion
6241:Fashion illustration
6226:Fashion entrepreneur
6103:Semiotics of fashion
5987:Planned obsolescence
5965:Online food ordering
5468:New American Economy
5134:10.1289/ehp.115-a449
4726:Lowson, Bob (1999).
3249:Hines, Tony (2018).
3206:. Chichester: Wiley.
2885:Danziger, Pamela N.
2210:quick response model
2200:Planned obsolescence
1698:Environmental impact
1677:Vendor relationships
1619:"Supermarket" market
1576:internet celebrities
1534:visual merchandising
1234:developing countries
1206:Slow fashion counter
888:environmental impact
573:Environmental design
472:Ecological footprint
260:improve this article
6889:Sustainable fashion
6856:Vietnamese clothing
6387:Western dress codes
6261:Fashion photography
6236:Fashion forecasting
5810:on December 5, 2010
5068:2022COGSC..3800684C
4651:European Parliament
3508:Khan, Rimi (2016).
2700:Ross, Emma (2021).
2555:2020NRvEE...1..189N
2477:(6 February 2021).
2407:and Gwen Stefani's
2106:Craft preservation:
1885:promotional content
1812:Sustainable fashion
1458:Quick Response (QR)
1447:category management
1063:Thus, with shorter
896:synthetic materials
502:Textile performance
7038:Waste of resources
6972:Fashion portal
6920:Ballet and fashion
6904:Zero-waste fashion
6620:Sportswear fashion
6298:Trickle-up fashion
6283:Red carpet fashion
6251:Fashion journalism
6246:Fashion influencer
5997:Throw-away society
5756:on October 8, 2008
5513:Stotz, L. (2015).
4942:10.1111/poms.13596
4759:MacArthur, Ellen.
2952:The New York Times
2601:www.globalspec.com
2355:
2329:global value chain
2316:
2276:countries such as
2185:
2086:Zero-waste pattern
1887:and inappropriate
1718:
1708:Zero-waste fashion
1489:Delivery and waste
1230:working conditions
1122:
970:
957:of the so-called ‘
762:Environment portal
722:Laundry wastewater
670:Zero-waste fashion
422:
189:possibly contains
88:encyclopedic style
75:is written like a
7003:Clothing industry
6980:
6979:
6947:Music and fashion
6757:
6756:
6707:Thrift store chic
6535:Cruise collection
6497:
6496:
6422:Black lounge suit
6206:Designer clothing
6201:Clothing industry
6068:Fashion accessory
6005:
6004:
5992:Same-day delivery
5940:Convenience store
5676:978-0-14-313234-9
5669:. Penguin Books.
5667:The women's atlas
5606:ODI: Think change
5449:978-1-136-45446-2
4492:978-0-500-29056-9
4225:. pp. 37–39.
4207:978-0-08-050624-1
3872:978-0-08-050624-1
3356:978-1-59184-654-3
3293:978-0-08-046817-4
3260:978-1-138-47101-6
3235:978-0-08-050624-1
2626:"Garment Workers"
2015:Swedish Red Cross
2001:Textile recycling
1992:
1991:
1984:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1854:
1732:consumer behavior
1673:for the product.
1553:consumer behavior
1276:disposable income
1264:Vivienne Westwood
1218:conscious fashion
1038:, the founder of
881:garment workforce
799:
798:
717:Ecological design
655:Textile recycling
407:
406:
399:
389:
388:
381:
336:
335:
328:
310:
234:
233:
226:
191:original research
172:
171:
116:
115:
108:
57:
7045:
6998:Fashion industry
6970:
6969:
6968:
6925:Capsule wardrobe
6884:Circular fashion
6866:Fashion activism
6831:Nigerian fashion
6826:Japanese fashion
6784:Filipino fashion
6774:Canadian fashion
6769:American fashion
6508:
6507:
6383:
6382:
6115:
6032:
6025:
6018:
6009:
6008:
5935:Convenience food
5912:
5905:
5898:
5889:
5888:
5884:
5882:
5880:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5850:
5830:
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5790:
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5780:
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5006:
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4970:
4969:
4936:(3): 1089–1114.
4921:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4860:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4830:Business Insider
4821:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4800:www.bbcearth.com
4792:
4786:
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4631:
4630:
4619:Ethical Consumer
4611:
4605:
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4601:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4567:. Archived from
4557:
4548:
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4545:
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3981:Ethical Consumer
3973:
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3646:Business Insider
3640:Akhtar, Allana.
3637:
3631:
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3040:. 29 June 2018.
3034:
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3007:
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2986:Business Insider
2977:
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2861:Ethical Consumer
2853:
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2662:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2515:on 13 April 2024
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2471:
2325:informal economy
2028:waste management
1987:
1980:
1969:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1949:
1931:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1874:an advertisement
1865:
1864:
1857:
1846:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1775:Greenhouse gases
1416:
1250:Stella McCartney
1200:carbon footprint
1052:coined the term
980:utility clothing
936:textile machines
892:carbon emissions
791:
784:
777:
764:
760:
759:
750:
746:
745:
744:
727:Vintage clothing
568:Cotton recycling
558:Circular fashion
492:Impact investing
447:
436:Clothing and the
424:
423:
402:
395:
384:
377:
373:
370:
364:
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206:inline citations
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27:
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19:
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7042:
7033:Business models
6983:
6982:
6981:
6976:
6966:
6964:
6956:
6908:
6860:
6846:Swedish fashion
6836:Russian fashion
6814:Italian fashion
6809:Israeli fashion
6804:Iranian fashion
6779:Chinese fashion
6753:
6648:
6644:Vintage fashion
6632:Ghetto fabulous
6571:
6525:Business casual
6493:
6460:
6381:
6313:
6307:
6221:Fashion capital
6211:Digital fashion
6182:
6159:
6116:
6107:
6098:Fashion tourism
6051:
6042:
6036:
6006:
6001:
5982:Overconsumption
5921:
5916:
5878:
5876:
5864:
5862:Further reading
5859:
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5822:
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4707:
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4692:
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4689:on June 4, 2021
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3047:
3045:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3021:
3019:
3008:
3004:
2995:
2993:
2980:Houston, Jack.
2978:
2971:
2961:
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2944:
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2900:
2898:
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2578:
2535:
2528:
2518:
2516:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2472:
2457:
2452:
2444:Digital fashion
2434:Cost per action
2418:
2409:Harajuku Lovers
2389:
2380:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2308:
2274:Southeast Asian
2242:
2236:
2231:
2229:Labour concerns
2218:Huffington Post
2190:overconsumption
2177:
2175:Overconsumption
2129:
2114:Brands such as
2078:
2003:
1997:
1988:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1932:
1917:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1878:
1866:
1862:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1710:
1700:
1687:
1679:
1651:
1646:
1633:buying decision
1621:
1616:
1561:target audience
1548:
1542:
1519:
1491:
1455:
1443:clothing sector
1435:
1430:
1414:
1384:
1382:Wage criticisms
1345:
1301:
1208:
1111:
951:garment workers
912:
886:Fast fashion's
795:
754:
753:
742:
740:
739:
732:
731:
693:Green marketing
688:Business ethics
683:
675:
674:
543:
535:
534:
515:
507:
506:
467:Cotton industry
462:
437:
403:
392:
391:
390:
385:
374:
368:
365:
362:
347:
332:
321:
315:
312:
269:
267:
257:
245:
230:
219:
213:
210:
195:
183:
179:
168:
162:
159:
140:
127:
123:
112:
101:
95:
92:
84:help improve it
81:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7051:
7041:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6961:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6952:Fashion victim
6949:
6944:
6943:
6942:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6916:
6914:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6870:
6868:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6822:
6821:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6799:Indian fashion
6796:
6794:German fashion
6791:
6789:French fashion
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6765:
6763:
6759:
6758:
6755:
6754:
6752:
6751:
6750:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6658:
6656:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6646:
6641:
6640:
6639:
6629:
6628:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6581:
6579:
6577:Street fashion
6573:
6572:
6570:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6548:
6547:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6516:
6514:
6505:
6499:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6489:Modest fashion
6486:
6481:
6476:
6470:
6468:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6456:
6451:
6449:Cocktail dress
6446:
6436:
6435:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6414:
6413:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6391:
6389:
6380:
6379:
6374:
6373:
6372:
6367:
6366:
6365:
6355:
6350:
6340:
6339:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6317:
6315:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6279:
6278:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6231:Fashion editor
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6192:
6190:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6175:
6169:
6167:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6126:
6124:
6118:
6117:
6110:
6108:
6106:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6088:Fashion museum
6085:
6083:Fashion matrix
6080:
6075:
6073:Fashion design
6070:
6065:
6059:
6057:
6053:
6052:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6035:
6034:
6027:
6020:
6012:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5915:
5914:
5907:
5900:
5892:
5886:
5885:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5856:
5820:
5782:
5767:
5728:
5709:(2): 211–228.
5690:
5675:
5657:
5646:(3): 247–276.
5623:
5589:
5563:
5534:
5505:
5479:
5455:
5448:
5422:
5403:(1): 220–233.
5386:
5357:
5343:. 2014-07-18.
5325:
5290:
5256:
5239:Vogue Business
5225:
5194:
5165:
5128:(9): A448-54.
5108:
5042:
5021:(1): 174–188.
4974:
4913:
4875:(3): 383–399.
4846:
4816:
4787:
4751:
4736:
4718:
4715:. Aug 2, 2019.
4700:
4670:
4635:
4621:. 2019-09-05.
4606:
4581:
4549:
4533:www.themds.com
4520:
4491:
4474:
4451:
4417:
4381:
4352:
4333:
4298:
4260:
4228:
4213:
4206:
4180:
4155:(3): 237–246.
4132:
4102:
4078:
4056:Perry, Patsy.
4048:
4018:
3993:
3968:
3944:
3933:(3): 329–344.
3896:
3887:
3878:
3871:
3845:
3836:
3825:(3): 301–315.
3802:
3773:
3754:(2): 289–306.
3733:
3708:
3686:
3657:
3632:
3606:
3574:
3538:
3495:
3479:The Good Trade
3466:
3432:
3413:(5): 317–319.
3397:
3386:(1/2): 72–83.
3370:
3355:
3337:
3307:
3292:
3274:
3259:
3241:
3234:
3208:
3195:
3166:
3136:
3085:
3054:
3029:
3002:
2969:
2935:
2907:
2877:
2863:. 2019-09-05.
2848:
2834:. 2020-06-16.
2816:
2781:
2753:
2723:
2692:
2685:
2667:
2642:
2617:
2588:
2549:(4): 189–200.
2526:
2500:
2475:Monroe, Rachel
2454:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2414:
2388:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2357:H.R. 5055, or
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2307:
2304:
2238:Main article:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2176:
2173:
2153:3D prototyping
2128:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2120:Harvey Nichols
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1972:
1971:
1938:listed sources
1935:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1918:
1889:external links
1869:
1867:
1860:
1855:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1819:
1807:
1806:Sustainability
1804:
1800:carbon dioxide
1787:United Nations
1768:European Union
1699:
1696:
1686:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1541:
1538:
1518:
1515:
1500:impulse buying
1490:
1487:
1454:
1451:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1383:
1380:
1344:
1341:
1323:, Bangladesh,
1300:
1297:
1207:
1204:
1188:quick response
1110:
1107:
1079:Erling Persson
1049:New York Times
1044:Galicia, Spain
1036:Amancio Ortega
932:sewing machine
911:
908:
818:mass-producing
806:business model
797:
796:
794:
793:
786:
779:
771:
768:
767:
766:
765:
751:
748:Fashion portal
734:
733:
730:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
702:
695:
690:
684:
681:
680:
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657:
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635:
630:
625:
620:
610:
605:
600:
595:
593:Organic cotton
590:
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575:
570:
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560:
555:
550:
544:
542:Sustainability
541:
540:
537:
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527:
522:
516:
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509:
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469:
463:
460:
459:
456:
455:
449:
448:
440:
439:
433:
432:
405:
404:
387:
386:
353:listed sources
350:
348:
341:
334:
333:
275:"Fast fashion"
248:
246:
239:
232:
231:
186:
184:
177:
170:
169:
149:it, or adding
130:
128:
121:
114:
113:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7050:
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7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6990:
6988:
6973:
6963:
6962:
6959:
6953:
6950:
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6941:
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6918:
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6911:
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6887:
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6857:
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6598:
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6583:
6582:
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6574:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6557:Sloane Ranger
6555:
6553:
6550:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6517:
6515:
6513:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6500:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6463:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6441:
6440:
6437:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6419:
6418:
6415:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6400:Morning dress
6398:
6397:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6388:
6384:
6378:
6375:
6371:
6368:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6344:
6341:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6310:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6277:
6274:
6273:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6189:
6185:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6170:
6168:
6166:
6162:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6119:
6114:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6093:Fashion plate
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6060:
6058:
6054:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6033:
6028:
6026:
6021:
6019:
6014:
6013:
6010:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5960:Food delivery
5958:
5956:
5955:Drive-through
5953:
5952:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5924:
5920:
5913:
5908:
5906:
5901:
5899:
5894:
5893:
5890:
5875:
5871:
5866:
5865:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5806:
5802:
5801:www.aipla.org
5795:
5789:
5787:
5779:. p. 16.
5778:
5777:Business Week
5771:
5752:
5748:
5747:www.aipla.org
5741:
5735:
5733:
5724:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5708:
5704:
5697:
5695:
5686:
5682:
5678:
5672:
5668:
5661:
5653:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5611:
5607:
5603:
5596:
5594:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5570:
5568:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5538:
5523:
5516:
5509:
5493:
5489:
5483:
5469:
5465:
5459:
5451:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5433:
5426:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5390:
5375:
5371:
5370:The Economist
5367:
5361:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5332:
5330:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5294:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5263:
5261:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5229:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5198:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5169:
5161:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5112:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5046:
5038:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4920:
4918:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4820:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4791:
4773:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4737:0-585-20972-3
4733:
4729:
4722:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4674:
4656:
4652:
4645:
4639:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4610:
4596:
4592:
4585:
4571:on 2015-11-04
4570:
4566:
4562:
4556:
4554:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4524:
4516:
4510:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4455:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4424:
4422:
4402:
4398:
4391:
4385:
4370:
4366:
4365:www.unece.org
4362:
4356:
4348:
4344:
4337:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4267:
4265:
4255:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4235:
4233:
4224:
4217:
4209:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4184:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4106:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4052:
4037:
4033:
4032:www.score.org
4029:
4022:
4008:
4004:
3997:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3964:
3960:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3891:
3882:
3874:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3849:
3840:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3722:
3718:
3712:
3697:
3690:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3647:
3643:
3636:
3621:
3617:
3610:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3569:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3545:
3543:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3470:
3454:
3450:
3449:British Vogue
3446:
3439:
3437:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3401:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3374:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3352:
3348:
3341:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3311:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3285:
3278:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3253:. ROUTLEDGE.
3252:
3245:
3237:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3199:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3106:(45): 53–78.
3105:
3101:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3058:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3017:
3013:
3006:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2976:
2974:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2940:
2925:on 2020-04-07
2924:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2785:
2771:
2767:
2760:
2758:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2688:
2686:9781472267733
2682:
2678:
2671:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2531:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2428:The True Cost
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2384:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2351:
2340:United States
2332:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2226:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2205:The Economist
2201:
2197:
2195:
2194:Fashionopolis
2191:
2181:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2002:
1986:
1983:
1968:
1965:
1957:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1915:
1912:
1904:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1870:This section
1868:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1764:New York City
1761:
1760:textile waste
1756:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1682:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1654:Supply chains
1641:
1638:
1637:import quotas
1634:
1630:
1629:market timing
1626:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1523:
1514:
1512:
1511:microplastics
1508:
1507:plastic waste
1503:
1501:
1497:
1496:free shipping
1486:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1439:target market
1425:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1343:Manufacturing
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1289:manufacturers
1286:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1255:British Vogue
1251:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1203:
1201:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1115:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1072:word of mouth
1068:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1005:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
976:
966:
962:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
939:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
907:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
861:supply chains
858:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
792:
787:
785:
780:
778:
773:
772:
770:
769:
763:
758:
752:
749:
738:
737:
736:
735:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
707:
706:The True Cost
703:
701:
700:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
679:
678:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
583:Green textile
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
563:Clothing swap
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
545:
539:
538:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
517:
511:
510:
503:
500:
498:
497:Microplastics
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
464:
458:
457:
454:
451:
450:
446:
442:
441:
435:
434:
430:
426:
425:
420:
416:
411:
401:
398:
383:
380:
372:
360:
359:
354:
349:
345:
340:
339:
330:
327:
319:
308:
305:
301:
298:
294:
291:
287:
284:
280:
277: –
276:
272:
271:Find sources:
265:
261:
255:
254:
249:This article
247:
243:
238:
237:
228:
225:
217:
207:
203:
199:
193:
192:
187:This article
185:
176:
175:
166:
163:November 2023
156:
152:
148:
144:
138:
136:
131:This article
129:
120:
119:
110:
107:
99:
96:February 2020
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
6894:Slow fashion
6874:Anti-fashion
6851:Thai fashion
6512:Smart casual
6432:Evening gown
6271:Fast fashion
6270:
6216:Fashion blog
6178:Fashion week
6173:Fashion show
6155:21st century
6150:19th century
5945:Fast fashion
5944:
5919:Fast culture
5877:. Retrieved
5874:Fast Company
5873:
5847:. Retrieved
5838:
5812:. Retrieved
5805:the original
5800:
5776:
5770:
5758:. Retrieved
5751:the original
5746:
5706:
5702:
5666:
5660:
5643:
5639:
5614:. Retrieved
5605:
5575:
5555:. Retrieved
5546:
5537:
5525:. Retrieved
5508:
5496:. Retrieved
5482:
5471:. Retrieved
5467:
5458:
5431:
5425:
5400:
5396:
5389:
5378:. Retrieved
5369:
5360:
5349:. Retrieved
5341:The Atlantic
5340:
5316:. Retrieved
5303:
5293:
5281:. Retrieved
5272:
5247:. Retrieved
5238:
5228:
5216:. Retrieved
5207:
5197:
5186:. Retrieved
5177:
5168:
5125:
5121:
5111:
5100:. Retrieved
5059:
5055:
5045:
5018:
5014:
4966:. Retrieved
4933:
4929:
4905:. Retrieved
4872:
4868:
4838:. Retrieved
4829:
4819:
4808:. Retrieved
4799:
4790:
4779:. Retrieved
4767:
4754:
4727:
4721:
4712:
4703:
4691:. Retrieved
4687:the original
4683:ecowatch.com
4682:
4673:
4662:. Retrieved
4650:
4638:
4627:. Retrieved
4618:
4609:
4598:. Retrieved
4595:The Guardian
4594:
4584:
4573:. Retrieved
4569:the original
4564:
4541:. Retrieved
4532:
4523:
4482:
4477:
4460:
4454:
4442:. Retrieved
4434:The Atlantic
4433:
4408:. Retrieved
4396:
4384:
4373:. Retrieved
4364:
4355:
4346:
4342:
4336:
4325:. Retrieved
4316:
4279:(1): 58–73.
4276:
4272:
4244:
4222:
4216:
4189:
4183:
4172:. Retrieved
4152:
4148:
4135:
4124:. Retrieved
4115:
4105:
4094:. Retrieved
4090:
4081:
4070:. Retrieved
4061:
4051:
4040:. Retrieved
4031:
4021:
4010:. Retrieved
4006:
3996:
3985:. Retrieved
3983:. 2019-09-05
3980:
3971:
3962:
3958:
3930:
3926:
3890:
3881:
3854:
3848:
3839:
3822:
3818:
3794:. Retrieved
3785:
3776:
3751:
3747:
3725:. Retrieved
3711:
3700:. Retrieved
3689:
3678:. Retrieved
3669:
3660:
3649:. Retrieved
3645:
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