286:
144:
93:
2229:
1024:
7372:, the natively spoken language of Luxembourg. French is primarily used for administrative purposes by the government, is the language in which laws are published since the law of 1984 and is also the primary language used to converse with foreigners. Luxembourg's education system is trilingual: the first cycle of basic school is in Luxembourgish, before changing officially to German for most branches; while in secondary school, the language of instruction changes to French for most subjects, such as mathematics and science. At the Luxembourg University courses are offered in French, German and English.
8429:
3785:
688:
8425:
3553:
5270:
4655:
3872:
2450:
784:
6066:
French : Being spoken by 80% of the educated population (unlike
English which is much less spoken), French predominates largely especially in government and information, even in English-speaking regions, which has led to the current uprising of the English-speaking minority living at the Nigerian border, which complains that English language is disappearing progressively under the pressure of the more numerous French speakers and that the linguistic rights of the English speakers are not respected, endangering their specific culture.
2570:
5816:, including healthcare, commerce or communication. In coastal areas and the more developed neighbourhoods of the capital, it is also a common language of communication for all social groups, either in its standardised form or hybridised with Arabic. In the inland regions and the south it remains a foreign language. French is introduced from the third grade at 8 hours per week. In high school French is the language of instruction for mathematics, science and computing. Teachers are not always sufficiently trained for this usage, however.
1000:
496:
6256:, largest city of the country, 57.6% of the inhabitants over 15 can read and write French, and another 11% can speak it but not write it. The French language is seen as essential by a large majority, especially for dealing with the government and in education. Two thirds of respondents report feeling Francophone. French plays an important role in all areas of public and private life across the whole country. French is increasingly seen as an Ivorian language, and a local variety distinct from standard French has emerged (
5084:
5053:
5022:
4991:
4960:
4929:
4898:
3756:
2877:
2846:
2815:
640:
3901:
1485:
4867:
3611:
2784:
448:
3959:
904:
1072:
6652:
4742:
2594:
1965:
5860:
3280:
1917:
5487:
5456:
5425:
5394:
5363:
5332:
5301:
4772:
3373:
3342:
3311:
2618:
4684:
2498:
10273:
4249:
1341:
5915:
7123:
4626:
3669:
544:
3843:
2205:
760:
11717:
4597:
2306:
1845:
1725:
808:
664:
4336:
4307:
1893:
1653:
1629:
1197:
4278:
1605:
4394:
2723:
1749:
197:
7091:
3727:
2354:
2013:
976:
592:
520:
3988:
2474:
2402:
2330:
2085:
952:
736:
616:
5115:
4046:
1120:
4713:
4162:
3698:
3524:
2546:
2522:
1797:
1413:
1389:
832:
568:
400:
376:
4801:
4568:
4452:
4220:
4133:
4017:
3582:
3495:
2690:
2666:
2642:
2253:
2133:
1869:
1581:
1221:
1096:
928:
424:
352:
328:
85:(OIF), 321 million people speak French. The OIF states that despite a decline in the number of learners of French in Europe, the overall number of speakers is rising, largely because of its presence in African countries: of the 212 million who use French daily, 54.7% are living in Africa. The OIF figures have been contested as being underestimated due to the methodology used and its strict definition of the word francophone. The French
10269:
4423:
3930:
2277:
1821:
1557:
1437:
880:
4539:
2181:
1989:
1773:
1509:
1317:
1293:
4104:
1365:
1173:
4481:
3640:
2109:
1941:
1701:
1269:
1048:
472:
1245:
856:
4365:
3814:
2037:
1677:
1533:
712:
2426:
5739:
adoption of
English for this role was being considered by the Minister of Education. In the private sector, French is treated as more than simply a foreign language. French is introduced in primary school, where it is studied for up to 7 hours a week. It is also used as the language of education in many private schools. Moroccans are the largest group of foreign students in France, ahead of the Chinese and Algerians.
4510:
2061:
5177:
5146:
4075:
3218:
3187:
3156:
3125:
3094:
3063:
3032:
3001:
2970:
2939:
2908:
2157:
1144:
6514:, and also the main language of institutions. French is used most by the elite and the middle class. Attempts to increase the legitimacy of Creole as an official language and in the media, on radio and television in particular, led to a relative decline in the share of French usage. Most teachers of French suffer from a low level of skills in the language, with nearly 85% achieving a level between A2 and B1 in the
5239:
3249:
1461:
5208:
4191:
2378:
6954:
varies depending on the region and social status. One third of high school students educated in French go on to pursue higher education in
English-speaking institutions. English is the language of business and communication, with French being an element of social distinction, chosen for its emotional value. On social media, French was used on Facebook by just 10% of Lebanese in 2014, far behind English (78%).
5683:, taxi stand information, timetables of trains, and other legal documents were issued in French. This was partly because of some Egyptians had French education and partly because of cultural influence from France. Despite efforts from British legal personnel, English was never adopted as a language of the Egyptian civil courts during the period of British influence.
6560:, where bilingualism is constitutionally and statutorily enacted. In 2016, approximately 32 per cent of New Brunswick claims French as their mother tongue. More than three-quarters of francophones in New Brunswick resides in the eastern portion of the province. English and French are also constitutionally recognized as the official languages of
6890:, of which approximately 6,000 are French citizens. Moreover, 50,000 people is estimated to occasionally practice French, while 2% of Hong Kong's total population of 7 million have studied the language. French is one of the two foreign languages (Mandarin & French) that can be taken in the Hong Kong Certificate of Education (HKCEE).
7315:
and are used for the regional government's acts and laws, though
Italian is much more widely spoken in everyday life, and French is mostly used within cultural events. Though French was re-introduced as an official language after World War II, and by 2003 just 0.99% reported speaking French natively.
6346:
were followed by a period of linguistic upheaval, with the return of refugees from
Anglophone countries setting the stage for the officialisation of English in 1996 and the gradual usurpation of French as the language of education, culminating in the decision in October 2008 to make English the main
6065:
can read and write French; an additional 13–15% can speak French without being able to write it. To some extent, the language situation in
Cameroon between French and English could be described fairly accurately as an exact inversion of the linguistic situation existing in Canada between English and
5713:
in 1991. Even so, it is taught from the second grade onward for up to six hours a week. French is also a language of instruction in high school for scientific subjects. In higher education, 2,300 students were enrolled in French courses in 2012. French remains, alongside Arabic, the language of work
5686:
French began to lose ground in
Egyptian society in the 1920s for a number of political and social reasons; from the 1930s onwards English became the main foreign language, but French was still being learnt by 8 million Egyptians in 2013. There are two French-speaking universities in the country, the
5600:
in the 1990s, when armed
Islamist groups targeted teachers of French. The language has rebounded in public life since the end of the war, culminating in the efforts to reintroduce French in primary schools in 2006, which were initially hampered by a lack of sufficiently qualified teachers. Referring
5552:
can read and write French. According to a survey conducted in 2012, fewer than four in 10 Algerians identified with a
Francophone identity. Conversely, speaking French was seen as essential by seven in 10, though a third of the population felt that the use of French is declining. In urban areas, the
5831:
consider French as essential in their professional or personal lives. However, only half of the population feels
Francophone, and only a third feels solidarity with other Francophone countries. 70.8% of the population over 15 in the aforementioned Tunisians cities can read and write French. Arabic
5738:
found that 39.5% of the population aged 10 and older could read and write French. Spoken mainly in cities among the upper middle class, French is the medium of instruction of two-thirds of courses in higher education, including science and technology, health, economics and management, although the
5977:
over the age of 15 could read and write French. Knowledge of French is considered important for employment, bureaucracy, education but also in everyday life. 34% of the population was Francophone in 2002, up from 23% in 1992. There are strong regional differences, with the ability to speak French
62:
culture". Consequently, it was less as a centralising monarch than as a "gentle courtly prince" that the king unwittingly spread his language" and "the methods of expansion were not political"'. This status continued to grow into the 18th century, by which time French was the language of European
6953:
and 40% Anglophone. The use of English is growing in the business and media environment. Out of about 900,000 students, about 500,000 are enrolled in Francophone schools, public or private, in which the teaching of mathematics and scientific subjects is provided in French. Actual usage of French
6784:
in the 19th century led to an increased use of the French language to the detriment of Portuguese, as France was seen at the time as a model of civilization and progress. The learning of French has historically been important and strong among the Lusophone high societies, and for a great span of
7302:
since 1561, when it replaced Latin. In the 1861 census, the first held after the unification of Italy, 93% declared being Francophone; in 1921, the last census with a question about language found that 88% of the population was French-speaking. The suppression of all French-language schools and
6286:
dominates. Less than half feel solidarity with other Francophone countries or consider knowledge of French as essential. Education in primary schools is bilingual in Malagasy and French. The latter is used as medium of education for mathematics and scientific subjects. French is the language of
5762:
can read and write French. According to a survey conducted in 2012, just a third of urban Moroccans identify with a Francophone identity, and slightly more wish for French to become more commonly used. French is nevertheless deemed essential, both in the professional and private spheres, by
6106:
feel solidarity towards other French-speaking countries and wishes for the use of French to expand. French is seen as important in work and education. French shares a place with Arabic as the language of administration and education, as well as in the press; French is dominant on radio and
9260:
6549:, which are the two official languages of the Canadian federation. About 6,827,860 Canadians speak French as their first language, or around 20% of the country, with 2,065,300 constituting secondary speakers. Bilingualism with French has been declining in English Canada in recent years.
8312:
5763:
three-quarters of respondents. French-language media are losing ground to Arabic media, including in television, radio or the press: of 618 Moroccan publications in 2004, 448 were in Arabic and 164 in French. On social media, French was used on Facebook by 75% of Moroccans in 2014.
5922:
According to Paul Wald, "The notion of ownership of an imported language begins when – despite its identification as a foreign and/or vernacular language – its use does not imply a relationship with the foreigner." French can thus be considered the result of functional and
5832:
increasingly dominates the Tunisian media landscape, especially on television: the audience share of local French-language channels reached 25% in the early 1990s, but hardly reached 3% by the 2010s. On social media, French was used on Facebook by 91% of Tunisians in 2014.
6170:
residents feel solidarity towards Francophone countries, and French is seen as important for education and relations with the government. It is also seen as important to be successful in life, along with English. French is the main language of education after third grade.
6211:
residents between the age of 15 and 25. 71.9% of the capital's residents over 15 years of age could read and write French. Three quarters of the population of the capital identifies as Francophone and considers French as essential. All local publications are in French.
6008:, 49.4% of the population aged 15 and older can read and write French. At the national level French was the first language for 1.66% of the population in 2006 (up from 0.75% in 1996), reaching 9.54% in the capital, where it is the second most spoken language, behind
8945:
6556:, being the mother tongue for some 7 million people, or almost 80.1 percent (2006 Census) of the province. About 95 percent of the people of Quebec speak French as either a first or second language. English and French are the official languages of
9253:
6606:
French is also an official language of Ontario's legislature and judiciary, with access to a French judiciary being viewed as quasi-constitutional right in that province. French language rights are also statutorily enacted to certain regions of
5560:
Francophone Algerians can be divided into three broad categories: 'real Francophones', who speak French as part of their daily lives and mostly come from a privileged background; 'casual Francophones', who use the language in certain contexts,
5591:
of the country. The French language, restricted to an urban elite during the colonial period, began to expand as part of the mass education efforts launched after 1962. Its controversial status as a legacy of colonialism led to the increasing
305:, between different levels of mastery or how often the language is used in daily life. For African countries where French is the main language of education, the number of French speakers is derived from the average number of schooling years.
10131:
7775:
6373:
is by far the most spoken language in the country, including the capital, while French remains a second language, becoming the main language only in non-Wolof areas. French is the main language of institutions, however. Only half of
8403:
5652:. According to a 2010 study by IMMAR Research & Consultancy, Francophone newspapers had a readership of 4,459,000 in the country, or 28% of the total, and a majority among readers with a high school or university education.
7441:
French is the most popular foreign language studied in British schools. According to a 2006 European Commission report, 23% of UK residents are able to carry on a conversation in French. Other surveys put the figure at 15%.
6056:
of the country, with English being dominant in the remaining two. French is the mother tongue of a vast proportion of young Cameroonians living in urban centers. In Cameroon, 63.7% of the population aged 15 and older in
9293:"Rapport d'information de M. Pouria Amirshahi déposé en application de l'article 145 du règlement, par la commission des affaires étrangères, en conclusion des travaux d'une mission d'information sur la francophonie"
8308:
11543:
8967:
10524:
8477:
7110:; it is also the third most widely known language of the Union, after English and German (33% of the EU population report to know how to speak English, whilst 22% of Europeans understand German and 20% French).
7051:
in schools as the second foreign language. French remains widely spoken among intellectuals and members of the upper class in Syria and most educated Syrians are trilingual, speaking Arabic, English and French.
7426:
have bilingual status for example, cities such Biel/Bienne or cantons such as Valais-Fribourg-Berne. French is the native language of about 20% of the Swiss population and is spoken by 50.4% of the population.
7063:
where the Lycée Français Charles de Gaulle and l’École Française, Syria's only two French schools, are located respectively. In 2016, a new French school opened in Tartous increasing the total number to three.
7316:
French remains widely known as a second language, but it is no longer spoken as part of daily life. In 2001, 75.41% of the Valdostan population declared to know French, 96.01% declared to know Italian, 55.77%
6147:
aged 15 and older can read and write French. French is the main language in the media, used by 63% of radio and television broadcasters. French is also the dominant language in the state administrations.
8674:
6603:), along with English and, in Northwest Territories and Nunavut, multiple Aboriginal languages. Out of the three, Yukon has the most French speakers, comprising just under 4 per cent of the population.
7904:
9437:
11692:
11418:
11071:
10381:
5568:
French television channels are widely watched in Algeria, and Algerian newspapers print their television schedules. Algeria also has a sizeable French-language press. A 2014 report published by the
10127:
8580:
7648:
6996:(founded in 1912), it continues to educate many Filipinos and expatriates in the said language. There are currently two branches of Alliance Française in the Philippines, that of Manila and Cebu.
11485:
5679:
French was actually the medium of communication among foreigners and between foreigners and Egyptians; the mixed French-Egyptian civil courts operated in French, and government notices from the
11702:
11658:
11646:
11578:
11519:
11475:
11430:
7496:
7466:
7320:, and 50.53% all of them. School education is delivered equally in both Italian and French so that everyone who went to school in Aosta Valley can speak French to at least a medium-high level.
10741:
C'est à la loi constitutionnelle du 25 juin 1992, rédigée dans le cadre de l'intégration européenne, que l'on doit la première déclaration de principe sur le français, langue de la République.
7772:
5557:
fields. French is the first foreign language in Algeria, and is introduced at the primary level. In higher education, French is the language of instruction in scientific and technical fields.
11531:
11463:
11251:
7471:
11697:
11675:
8886:
8265:
6320:, the capital, French is seen as essential for work, studies and administrative procedures. Two-thirds of residents believe that the use of French is becoming more common in the country.
5664:
in 1836, and the importance of French expanded throughout the second half of the 19th century, until it became the most common foreign language in the country. At the time, it was also a
7047:, which put French language as one of the main official language in Syria. Following independence, French was demoted as the official language of Syria, but it remained taught alongside
9146:"Language Spoken at Home by Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over (B16001): All States Within United States, 2008–2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates"
7204:
In total, native French speakers make up about 38% of the country's population. Including speakers of French as a second language, about 72% of the Belgian population can speak French.
7451:
5714:
and education, although there were attempts to introduce English as a first foreign language. On social media, 59% of Mauritanian Facebook users used French on the website in 2014.
11363:
8018:
8150:
6378:
residents identify with a Francophone status or feel solidarity with French-speaking countries, but the French language is seen as essential for everyday affairs and education.
8789:
8642:
6942:
While the Article 11 of Lebanon's Constitution states that "Arabic is the official national language, a law determines the cases in which the French language is to be used".
5907:, in 2010, 96.2 million French speakers were living in various countries in Africa. French has been imported to most of these countries through colonization, and it is not a
5840:
9106:
8923:
8699:
8533:
5729:
8971:
8481:
10521:
6671:, when all forms of French are considered together and all languages of Chinese are similarly combined. French remains the second most-spoken language in the states of
11244:
70:
or Francophone world refer the whole body of people and organisations around the world who use the French language regularly for private or public purposes. French is
6939:
religious and governmental enterprises. However, most Lebanese privilege French out of fascination and infatuation with the culture, not for any functional purposes.
5649:
11743:
10786:
10545:
9859:
78:, with the French-speaking world comprising about 50 countries and territories where French is a de jure or de facto official, administrative, or cultural language.
58:: '"... until the end of the fifteenth century, the French of the chancellery spread as a political and literary language because the French court was the model of
11323:
10716: – The linguistic situation in Belgium (and in particular various estimations of the population speaking French and Dutch in Brussels) is discussed in detail.
9622:
6034:. Only Kirundi is spoken by the vast majority of the population, therefore holding the status of national language as determined by article 5 of the Constitution.
11168:
10378:
8090:
7599:
10179:
5911:
to most residents. African standards of French differ from European ones. Some linguists discuss a "second French language" or even an "African French language".
9411:
8667:
6864:. French is seen as important for doing business in Africa in particular, and 6,000 students attended French courses in 2013. 29,000 study French in one of the
11634:
10849:
8731:
7900:
6564:'s legislative and judicial branches. In 2016, more than 43,000 Manitobans (3.4 per cent of the province's population) claims French as their mother tongue.
11237:
11068:
9433:
7695:
10212:
6157:
11356:
11098:
5848:
5643:
8856:
8573:
11137:
7645:
9331:
9145:
9045:
7628:
9023:
7755:
6381:
French was the language of literacy for 37.2% of the population in 2013, followed by Arabic at 11.1%. French is the main language of education in all
10757:
8920:"Effectif et proportion de la population ayant déclaré le français selon la caractéristique linguistique, Nouveau-Brunswick et Ontario, 2006 et 2011"
9687:
6785:
time, it was also the main foreign language among the middle class of both Portugal and Brazil, but now trails English, in both, and more recently,
11563:
11509:
11408:
9782:"L'appropriation du français en Afrique noire: une dynamique discursive [The appropriation of French in black Africa: a dynamic discourse]"
8574:"Dynamique des langues locales et de la langue française au Mali: un éclairage à travers les recensements généraux de la population (1987 et 1998)"
8507:
7735:
6257:
10929:"Ministère de l'Éducation nationale et de la Formation professionnelle / Luxembourg – Quelles langues apprend-on à l'école luxembourgeoise ?"
10482:
8882:
11721:
11585:
11349:
10605:
10157:
6621:(approximately 4.7 per cent of the population), constituting the largest French-speaking community in Canada outside Quebec. Over 40 per cent of
10731:
10699:
pages 34–36 republished by the Belgian Federal Government Service (ministry) of Economy – Directorate–general Statistics Belgium. Archived from
10082:
10050:
8272:
8997:
7456:
6701:
5904:
294:
101:
82:
11573:
11470:
7926:
7027:
graduates may choose to opt for French as a second or third language in secondary school, though the language is not an official language in
6347:
language of education at higher levels, effectively relegating French to the status of third language. Nevertheless, a survey of students in
11021:
10981:
10896:
8341:
6694:. According to the 2000 United States Census, there are over 194,000 people in Louisiana who speak French at home, the most of any state if
5986:
departments have a French-speaking majority. French speakers are more commonly men than women, owing to a disparity in access to education.
11568:
11526:
7476:
6637:
also holds significant populations of Franco-Ontarians, with francophones making up over 22 per cent of northeastern Ontario's population.
10503:
7850:
11538:
8793:
7986:
8022:
10928:
6868:
establishments, and 20,000 more study it in private language schools or academies, while 35,000 Chinese people are studying in France.
5572:
describes it as the most important French-speaking country after France. Nevertheless, Algeria is not a member of the Francophonie. On
10295:
8143:
9296:
7715:
6075:
7264:, English is the only official language, although French is sometimes used in legislation with a ceremonial capacity. Nevertheless,
7133:
6473:, and the islands formerly attached to Guadeloupe. There are over a million people living in these departments and collectivities.
9110:
9080:
5688:
8919:
8706:
7198:
8529:
7879:"Qui parle français dans le monde – Organisation internationale de la Francophonie – Langue française et diversité linguistique"
6134:
10954:
8455:
6812:
can speak French as of 2014. Most of these speakers tend to be older since they grew up when Cambodia was a colony of France
6369:. French was commonly spoken by 9.4% of Senegalese in 2002, mainly as a second language, with just 0.6% speaking it natively.
11181:
11150:
11111:
10991:
10685:
10460:
8186:
10347:
9459:
8764:
8635:
11308:
10882:
Assessorat de l'éducation et la culture de la région autonome Vallée d'Aoste – Département de la surintendance des écoles,
10814:
10128:"Population by language spoken most often and regularly at home, age groups (total), for Canada, provinces and territories"
9781:
9720:
7294:
The Aosta Valley was the first government authority to adopt Modern French as working language in 1536, three years before
6646:
285:
11048:
10779:
10542:
9385:
7342:
is an official language. However, its use is generally restricted to parliament formalities or legal codes and contracts.
7308:
10659:
10501:
Presence of the French language and literature in Brazil – for a history of Franco-Brazilian bonds of cultural affection
9618:
6515:
11224:
11187:
8099:
7596:
7024:
5676:
10187:
6935:
with the French liberal and cultural spirit that was mainly the result of the French colonial period and educational,
10428:
9407:
5995:
10843:
10321:
8613:
8381:
8243:
7227:
5596:
of the school system in the 1970s and 1980s. The usage of French in the country reached its lowest point during the
9149:
8735:
5769:
1029:
7692:
5940:
10220:
7664:
117,121 – 98,178 = 18,943 (total speakers less non-native speakers), or 0.2% of the total population of 9,937,628
7436:
6659:
According to the U.S. Census Bureau (2011), French is the fourth most-spoken language in the United States after
6287:
instruction in secondary and tertiary education. It is also the main language of government, alongside Malagasy.
11117:
9721:"Pratique du français en Afrique noire francophone [The practice of French in francophone black Africa]"
7422:
is the largest city. The language divisions in Switzerland do not coincide with political subdivisions and some
143:
10270:"Detailed Mother Tongue (186), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) (2006 Census)"
9567:
9538:
9513:
8860:
92:
10399:
10348:"Language Use in the United States: 2011, American Community Survey Reports, Camille Ryan, Issued August 2013"
8044:
6282:, French is seen as important for work, education and administrative matters, but not in everyday life, where
5935:
realities. French has begun developing into almost independent varieties, with creation of different types of
10243:
9688:"La langue française dans le monde 2010 (synthèse) [The French language in the 2010 world (summary)]"
9338:
9052:
7461:
7355:
7008:
6931:(English: The Tender Mother), not only is speaking French in Lebanon common and encouraged, but it is also a
7625:
5553:
ability to speak fluent French is considered almost mandatory to find employment, especially in specialized
2234:
11313:
7752:
6613:
6163:
5200:
3365:
2900:
89:
estimate that were they included, the total number of French speakers passed 500 million in the year 2020.
17:
10753:
7878:
7003:
issued a proclamation encouraging the language to be an elective in high school. Also, French, along with
11276:
11219:
9694:
6803:
2776:
8503:
7732:
11330:
11303:
11298:
11271:
10479:
9019:
7311:
irretrievably damaged the status of French in the region. Italian and French are nowadays the region's
7073:
6922:
6877:
6825:
6339:
5723:
5569:
5527:
71:
29:
This article is about the geography of French speaking populations. For the French-speaking world, see
10480:
The importance of the French language in Brazil: marks and milestones in the early periods of teaching
10153:
7825:
6189:, the other being Arabic. On social media, French was used on Facebook by 82% of Djiboutians in 2014.
6125:, Arabic being the second. On social media, French was used on Facebook by 100% of Comorians in 2014.
11281:
10728:
10075:
10043:
7040:
6536:
5928:
3179:
8993:
8636:"Tabl. 4.6. Ludność według języka ojczystego, płci oraz charakteru miejsca zamieszkania w 2011 roku"
8098:(in French). Observatoire démographique et statistique de l’espace francophone. 2022. Archived from
6438:. According to the 2010 census, 53% of the population over the age of 15 can read and write French.
7381:
6629:, with more than half of that population living in communities close to the Ontario-Quebec border.
6243:
6081:
3790:
693:
7934:
5807:
11501:
11293:
11014:
10903:
10594:
8348:
7351:
7190:
7000:
6963:
6695:
6585:
6418:
6343:
6269:
5785:
5704:
7583:
5627:
11514:
11391:
11229:
10500:
7511:
7423:
7193:, where it is spoken by the majority of the population often as their primary language. In the
6881:
6577:
6573:
6296:
501:
7993:
7011:
offers a bachelor's degree in European Languages, where French is one of the possible majors.
5964:
11682:
9693:(in French) (Nathan ed.). Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. Archived from
9571:
9546:
9542:
9517:
8176:
7261:
7255:
6781:
6592:
6180:
6043:
5979:
3877:
789:
10932:
6989:
6865:
10617:
7164:
6901:
French was used previously during French Colonization as the official language in areas of
6749:
6634:
6360:
6116:
6021:
5836:
5565:
it with Arabic, and 'passive Francophones', who can understand French but do not speak it.
5541:
2575:
9292:
7712:
5635:
8:
11341:
10681:
9332:"Citizen Engagement and Public Services in the Arab World: The Potential of Social Media"
9107:"Population résidante permanente selon la région linguistique et les langues principales"
8790:"Language Spoken At Home By Ability To Speak English For The Population 5 Years And Over"
7855:
7339:
7329:
7217:
6932:
6329:
6221:
6053:
5983:
5554:
1418:
1153:
9562:(Volume 74 of International Library of Historical Studies). I.B.Tauris, March 15, 2012.
9533:(Volume 74 of International Library of Historical Studies). I.B.Tauris, March 15, 2012.
9508:(Volume 74 of International Library of Historical Studies). I.B.Tauris, March 15, 2012.
7317:
3148:
2736:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
210:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
11381:
11318:
10696:
9084:
8271:. Australian Government Department of Immigration and Border Protection. Archived from
7526:
6707:
6452:
6382:
6307:
6198:
5692:
5597:
5584:
1005:
257:
10453:
Immigration and Xenophobia: Portuguese Immigrants in Early 19th Century Rio de Janeiro
9020:"Conditions de vie-Société – Le créole encore très largement majoritaire à La Réunion"
11437:
11177:
11146:
11107:
10987:
10456:
10424:
9563:
9534:
9509:
8182:
7516:
7312:
6887:
6766:
6741:
6569:
6429:
6283:
6140:
6093:
4138:
3210:
1226:
1077:
55:
8668:"Dynamique des langues locales et de la langue française au Sénégal en 1988 et 2002"
7369:
5601:
to the continued usage of French in Algeria in the post-colonial period, the writer
11595:
11555:
10958:
9793:
9732:
9375:
8451:
7409:
7405:
7048:
7004:
6786:
6683:
6668:
6664:
6660:
6565:
6546:
5955:", which is a mixture of French and English with elements of indigenous languages.
5076:
2962:
302:
75:
11608:
10700:
10354:
10076:"Quatrième Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat – Alphabétisation"
8452:"PCE06: Enumerated permanent residents by mother tongue and sex, 31 December 2011"
208:. The reason given is: Figures provided are not from the official 2022 OIF report.
54:, "from the fourteenth century onwards". It was not by virtue of the power of the
11286:
11075:
11052:
10735:
10549:
10528:
10507:
10486:
10418:
9463:
8757:
7779:
7759:
7739:
7719:
7699:
7652:
7632:
7603:
7401:
7365:
7265:
7238:
except in specific cases (though these dispositions are often ignored) and legal
7201:
for French speakers along borders with the Walloon and Brussels-Capital regions.
7186:
7107:
7007:, is a popular foreign language offered in many universities in the country. The
6985:
6721:
6711:
6630:
6626:
6622:
6532:
6462:
6398:
6386:
6009:
5680:
1970:
97:
39:
11176:(in French). Observatoire démographique et statistique de l’espace francophone.
11045:
10818:
8605:
8556:
8373:
6729:
6698:
is excluded. In October 2018, Louisiana became the first U.S. state to join the
6389:, where Arabic remains dominant, with significant Arabic-educated minorities in
11097:
Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (2014). Wolff, Alexandre (ed.).
9367:
7521:
7304:
7194:
7158:
7103:
6993:
6845:
6833:
6725:
6581:
6507:
6497:
6402:
6390:
6370:
5562:
4842:
4747:
3964:
3470:
3458:
2599:
909:
298:
10606:
With Its French Population Soaring, Hong Kong Emerges as Asia’s Gallic Capital
8732:"Population résidante selon la ou les langue(s) principale(s), de 1970 à 2013"
7269:
6651:
11737:
11613:
10655:
10385:
9752:
Le français d'afrique noire à l'aube de l'an 2000: éléments de problématique
9380:
7243:
6557:
6458:
5932:
5908:
5665:
5588:
5492:
5461:
5430:
5417:
5399:
5368:
5355:
5337:
5306:
4890:
4777:
4254:
3378:
3347:
3316:
3086:
2931:
2807:
2623:
1346:
267:
43:
5793:
11653:
11458:
11425:
10416:
10400:"Louisiana Joins International Organization of French-speaking Governments"
8968:"Väestö 31.12. Muuttujina Maakunta, Kieli, Ikä, Sukupuoli, Vuosi ja Tiedot"
7481:
7387:
7299:
7289:
7182:
6936:
6910:
6687:
6510:, which is French-based. French is the language of culture and business in
6394:
6275:
6103:
6052:, the other being English. French is the main language in eight of the ten
6001:
5952:
5602:
5573:
5479:
5231:
4631:
3674:
3457:
It is estimated that 80 million people worldwide speak French as a main or
3241:
549:
67:
30:
9797:
9736:
7234:
mandates the use of French in official government publications and public
5914:
5859:
11687:
11670:
10154:"he evolution of English–French bilingualism in Canada from 1961 to 2011"
8239:
7397:
7102:
population, French is the second most widely spoken mother tongue in the
7044:
6981:
6950:
6902:
6886:
The French Consulate estimated there are 8,000 Native French speakers in
6715:
6249:
6207:. According to a 1999 survey, French was the first language for 26.3% of
6144:
6005:
5844:
5606:
5593:
5386:
5275:
4921:
4660:
3906:
3442:
3334:
3285:
2455:
2210:
1922:
1490:
51:
9337:. Mohammed Bin Rashid School of Government. 25 June 2014. Archived from
7273:
7122:
5939:
by speakers with a sufficient knowledge of French. Examples include the
11665:
11629:
11400:
10049:. Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie. p. 15.
7809:
Le Royaume des quatre rivières. L'espace politique français (1380-1515)
7501:
7486:
7361:
7277:
7213:
6777:
6745:
6470:
6466:
6279:
6234:, 42.1% of the population aged 15 and older can read and write French.
6208:
5924:
5755:
5710:
4602:
4341:
4312:
3024:
2993:
2311:
1898:
1850:
1730:
1658:
1634:
1202:
813:
669:
8149:. Observatoire démographique et statistique de l’espace francophonie.
7303:
institutions and violence against French speakers during the forceful
7090:
6552:
Provincially, French is the sole official language of the province of
6062:
5169:
3117:
11641:
11603:
11413:
9051:. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Puducherry. Archived from
8579:. Observatoire démographique et statistique de l'espace francophone.
7506:
7491:
7235:
7028:
7020:
6999:
Although the language is not offered in elementary school, President
6861:
6829:
6737:
6733:
6672:
6481:
5759:
5293:
4399:
4283:
3558:
3485:
3303:
1754:
1610:
7901:"La langue française réunit 274 millions de personnes dans le monde"
2869:
11213:
11167:
Marcoux, Richard; Richard, Laurent; Wolff, Alexandre (March 2022).
7414:
7391:
7239:
7178:
7174:
7056:
6809:
6691:
6682:
Louisiana is home to many distinct dialects, collectively known as
6561:
6477:
6186:
6167:
6049:
5619:
5577:
5014:
4859:
3993:
3732:
2479:
2407:
2359:
2335:
2090:
2018:
981:
957:
741:
621:
597:
525:
59:
7197:
French is not an official language, with the exception of a dozen
11214:
Observatoire démographique et statistique de l’espace francophone
9083:. Institut d'études fédéralistes et régionalistes. Archived from
8758:"2011 Census: Quick Statistics for England and Wales, March 2011"
7452:
List of territorial entities where French is an official language
7170:
7079:
6946:
6906:
6853:
6841:
6618:
6608:
6596:
6485:
6366:
6253:
6231:
6122:
6031:
6027:
5974:
5948:
5813:
5777:
5735:
5537:
5533:
5448:
5262:
5138:
5120:
5107:
5045:
4952:
4872:
4806:
4718:
4573:
4457:
4225:
4167:
4051:
4022:
3848:
3703:
3616:
3587:
3529:
3500:
3432:
3055:
2838:
2789:
2695:
2671:
2647:
2551:
2527:
2258:
2138:
1874:
1802:
1586:
1394:
1250:
1125:
1101:
933:
837:
765:
573:
453:
429:
405:
381:
357:
333:
247:
11259:
10693:
KVS Express (Supplement to Newspaper de Morgen) March–April 2006
10522:
What are the French thinking influences still present in Brazil?
8994:"Quatre jeunes sur dix en grande difficulté à l'écrit à Mayotte"
8426:"Tab. 614b Obyvatelstvo podle věku, mateřského jazyka a pohlaví"
7933:. Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. Archived from
6401:(15.0% to 17.2%). This phenomenon is explained by the impact of
7811:. Paris, Champ-Vallon, 2012, p. 217, quoted in Thierry Dutour,
7419:
7335:
7295:
7231:
7223:
7060:
6857:
6849:
6837:
6553:
6542:
6348:
6335:
6317:
6227:
6158:
Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo § French
6058:
5944:
5824:
5743:
5549:
5182:
5151:
5089:
5058:
5027:
4996:
4983:
4965:
4934:
4903:
4544:
4515:
4428:
4080:
3935:
3761:
3422:
3412:
3223:
3192:
3161:
3130:
3099:
3068:
3037:
3006:
2975:
2944:
2913:
2882:
2851:
2820:
2431:
2286:
2282:
2186:
2162:
2066:
1994:
1826:
1778:
1562:
1514:
1442:
1322:
1298:
1149:
885:
645:
237:
10417:
Ammon, Ulrich; International Sociological Association (1989).
8530:"N° 17 La langue principale, celle que l'on maîtrise le mieux"
6591:
French is also an official language of all three territories (
5747:
5709:
French was demoted from its status as an official language of
11170:
Estimation des populations francophones dans le monde en 2022
9434:"La langue française, "butin de guerre", prospère en Algérie"
8174:
8092:
Estimation des populations francophones dans le monde en 2022
6821:
6676:
6600:
6511:
6503:
6406:
6375:
6313:
6204:
5970:
5936:
5820:
5751:
5669:
5661:
5324:
5244:
5213:
4486:
4196:
4109:
3645:
3272:
3254:
2383:
2114:
1946:
1706:
1466:
1370:
1274:
1178:
1053:
477:
47:
11069:"Three-quarters of adults 'cannot speak a foreign language'"
10845:
Le Statut spécial de la Vallée d'Aoste, Article 38, Title VI
10543:
France in Brazil Year – the importance of cultural diplomacy
8504:"1.1.18 A népesség száma és megoszlása nyelvismeret szerint"
5730:
Language Attitudes Among Arabic-French Bilinguals in Morocco
10618:"Top 30 Language Spoken in the World by Number of Speakers"
9619:"Recensement général de la population et de l'habitat 2004"
9560:
The British in Egypt: Community, Crime and Crises 1882–1922
9531:
The British in Egypt: Community, Crime and Crises 1882–1922
9506:
The British in Egypt: Community, Crime and Crises 1882–1922
6969:
6435:
6099:
5828:
5545:
4689:
4370:
3819:
2503:
2042:
1682:
1538:
861:
717:
11371:
8342:"Special Eurobarometer 386: Europeans And Their Languages"
7412:) and is spoken in the western part of Switzerland called
6848:
and in the French zone of influence over the provinces of
100:) by country in 2022, saturating at 50%, according to the
10815:"Une Vallée d'Aoste bilingue dans une Europe plurilingue"
10322:"Profile of the Francophone population in Ontario - 2016"
10219:. Government of Canada. 13 September 2019. Archived from
10186:. Government of Canada. 18 September 2019. Archived from
9368:"L'Algérie : coexistence et concurrence des langues"
6457:
French language is spoken in the overseas departments of
6107:
television. French is also spoken as part of daily life.
10780:"Langue et littérature en Vallée d'Aoste au XVIe siècle"
10563:
10561:
10559:
10557:
9408:"Francophonie : l'Algérie et son "butin de guerre""
9148:. U.S. Census Bureau American FactFinder. Archived from
6026:
Until 2014, French was one of two official languages of
2734:. The reason given is: Many of the sources are outdated.
11136:
Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (2022).
10420:
Status and Function of Languages and Language Varieties
8309:"Population by language, sex and urban/rural residence"
7099:
5927:
ownerships, satisfying the needs of a society with new
11046:"'Alarming shortage' of foreign language skills in UK"
10578:
10576:
10372:
10107:
10105:
10103:
7964:
7954:
7952:
10876:
10554:
9930:
9928:
9669:
9667:
9601:
9599:
9597:
9584:
9582:
9580:
9485:
9483:
9481:
9235:
9233:
9231:
9046:"Gazetteer of India – Union Territory of Pondicherry"
7826:"Why Is French Considered the Language of Diplomacy?"
7298:
itself. French has been the official language of the
6945:
Today, French and English are secondary languages of
6690:
has the largest number of speakers, mostly living in
5668:
for the communities of foreign origin, especially in
289:
Population who can understand French in the EU and UK
9819:
9817:
9815:
9813:
9811:
9809:
9807:
9654:
9652:
9206:
9204:
9202:
9200:
9198:
9185:
9183:
9181:
9179:
9177:
9175:
9173:
9171:
9169:
9167:
8883:"Il y a aujourd'hui 367 000 francophones en Flandre"
7813:
La France hors la France. L’identité avant la nation
7673:
3,488 or 0.01% of the total population of 38,511,824
7615:
2,056 or 0.02% of the total population of 10,436,560
6580:; with 80 per cent of Franco-Manitobans residing in
5973:. According to a 2014 survey, 57.3% of residents of
293:
The following figures are from a 2022 report of the
10636:
10624:
10573:
10180:"Infographic: The French Presence in New Brunswick"
10100:
9988:
8557:"Linguistic policy challenges in Madagascar Pg. 52"
8168:
8144:"Estimation des francophones dans le monde en 2015"
7949:
6893:It is one of the largest French community in Asia.
6351:found that French was known by a majority of them.
5978:being more common in the south of the country. The
10864:
10674:
10024:
10012:
10000:
9976:
9964:
9952:
9940:
9925:
9913:
9901:
9889:
9877:
9664:
9637:
9594:
9577:
9478:
9228:
8175:William Edmiston; Annie Dumenil (1 January 2015).
8138:
8136:
8134:
8132:
8130:
8128:
8126:
8124:
8122:
8120:
8085:
8083:
8081:
8079:
8077:
8075:
8073:
8060:
8058:
8056:
8054:
5660:The first French-medium school was established in
147:Proportion of French speakers, saturating at 100%
72:the second most geographically widespread language
9865:
9841:
9829:
9804:
9649:
9621:. Haut-Commissariat au Plan du Royaume du Maroc.
9216:
9195:
9164:
6824:the language was also spoken by the elite in the
6476:French Creoles are also spoken on the islands of
6102:, together with Arabic. Half of the residents of
11744:Geographical distribution of the French language
11735:
10931:. Men.public.lu. 25 October 2012. Archived from
10680:
10217:Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages
10184:Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages
10122:
10120:
7396:French is one of the four official languages of
7222:French formally became the official language of
7177:and Brussels. French is the primary language of
6927:As the Lebanese people historically call France
5996:Languages of Burkina Faso § French language
5812:French is a working language in many sectors in
9460:"Pqn : les 15–34 ans plus grands lecteurs"
8705:. National Bureau of Statistics. Archived from
8598:
8117:
8070:
8051:
7230:made it mandatory for legal documents in 1539.
10455:. United States: University Press of America.
10379:U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Summary File 3
10328:. Queen's Printer for Ontario. 5 February 2019
10213:"Infographic: The French Presence in Manitoba"
9365:
9326:
9324:
9322:
9320:
9318:
9316:
9314:
8851:
8849:
8847:
8845:
8843:
8841:
8839:
8837:
8835:
8833:
8831:
8234:
8232:
8230:
8228:
8226:
8224:
8222:
8220:
8218:
7753:Planning and Research Department of Puducherry
7457:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
6984:has become one of the most active areas where
6702:Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie
5905:International Organization of the Francophonie
295:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
83:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
11357:
11245:
10983:Le français et les langues ... – Google Books
10884:Profil de la politique linguistique éducative
10146:
10117:
8829:
8827:
8825:
8823:
8821:
8819:
8817:
8815:
8813:
8811:
8660:
8496:
8216:
8214:
8212:
8210:
8208:
8206:
8204:
8202:
8200:
8198:
7851:"The world's languages, in 7 maps and charts"
7360:French is one of three official languages of
7094:Distribution of the French language in Europe
6541:French is the second most common language in
6334:French became the administrative language of
87:Conseil économique, social et environnemental
42:became an international language, the second
11261:Geographical distribution of French speakers
11139:La langue française dans le monde, 2019-2022
10955:"University of Luxembourg – Multilingualism"
10739:
9140:
9138:
9136:
9134:
9132:
9130:
9128:
8782:
7477:Geographical distribution of German speakers
6699:
6248:French is the sole official language of the
5791:
5783:
5775:
5767:
5641:
5633:
5625:
5617:
2610:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
2442:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
2394:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
2370:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
2346:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
2149:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
2101:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
2077:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
1933:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
1717:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
1645:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
1621:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
1573:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
1477:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
1429:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
1309:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
1165:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
1136:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
944:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
920:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
896:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
848:2005 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
536:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
464:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
440:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey
10809:
10807:
10302:. Queen's Printer for Ontario. 25 June 2012
9860:English is now official language of Burundi
9311:
8946:"Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population"
8700:"Population and Housing Census 2010 Report"
8404:"Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population"
7031:, and is not commonly spoken among locals.
6732:were historically spoken by descendants of
6655:French language spread in the United States
6617:. More than 600,000 francophones reside in
6502:French is one of two official languages of
6185:French is one of two official languages of
6121:French is one of two official languages of
6098:French is one of two official languages of
6069:
6048:French is one of two official languages of
5819:Nearly three-quarters of the population of
11364:
11350:
11252:
11238:
10957:. N.uni.lu. 12 August 2003. Archived from
10838:
10836:
10036:
9426:
9287:
9285:
9283:
9281:
8808:
8724:
8195:
7624:Based on a 2012 population of 65,241,000 (
7595:Based on a 2012 population of 11,035,948 (
7338:, a standardized variety of French called
7246:must bear a translation of foreign words.
7055:French is mostly popular in the cities of
4828:
10817:. Fondation Emile Chanoux. Archived from
10068:
9754:(in French). Paris: Université Paris III.
9500:
9498:
9379:
9125:
8692:
8641:. Główny Urząd Statystyczny. p. 98.
8566:
8303:
8301:
8299:
8297:
8295:
8293:
7981:
7979:
7644:Based on a 2002 population of 4,371,535 (
7578:
7576:
7574:
7572:
7570:
7568:
7566:
7564:
7562:
6949:, with about 40% of the population being
6076:Languages of the Central African Republic
2586:2018 OIF application for a status change
96:Proportion of French speakers (including
10804:
10397:
10207:
10205:
9400:
9361:
9359:
8366:
8336:
8334:
8332:
8330:
7560:
7558:
7556:
7554:
7552:
7550:
7548:
7546:
7544:
7542:
7089:
6650:
6434:French is the sole official language of
6365:French is the sole official language of
6312:French is the sole official language of
6226:French is the sole official language of
6203:French is the sole official language of
6162:French is the sole official language of
6139:French is the sole official language of
6000:French is the sole official language of
5969:French is the sole official language of
5913:
5858:
2706:2010 OIF report + pre-2010 observations
297:(OIF). No distinctions are made between
284:
142:
91:
11100:La langue française dans le monde, 2014
10979:
10833:
10785:. Système Valdôtain des Bibliothèques.
10450:
10423:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 306–308.
10241:
9718:
9366:Taleb Ibrahimi, Khaoula (1 June 2006).
9278:
8914:
8912:
8910:
8908:
8906:
8904:
7771:Based on a 2003 population of 120,909 (
7751:Based on a 1981 population of 604,471 (
7731:Based on a 2010 population of 821,136 (
7711:Based on a 2012 population of 212,600 (
7586:population estimate for the given year.
7199:municipalities with language facilities
992:2010 OIF report + 2006-2007 OIF survey
301:of French and those who learnt it as a
63:diplomacy and international relations.
14:
11736:
11372:Geographical distribution of languages
10772:
10656:"Explore language knowledge in Europe"
10388: – Language Spoken at Home: 2000.
10160:from the original on 24 September 2015
10056:from the original on 23 September 2015
9764:
9749:
9495:
9075:
9073:
8554:
8396:
8290:
8258:
7976:
7893:
7691:0.6% of a 2009 population of 234,023 (
7582:The percentage is calculated from the
7039:Syria, as well as Lebanon were French
6135:Languages of the Republic of the Congo
6080:French is an official language of the
5605:described the French language as the '
11345:
11233:
11166:
10202:
9685:
9440:from the original on 25 December 2015
9356:
9245:
8948:. Statistique Canada. 9 February 2022
8792:. American FactFinder. Archived from
8750:
8616:from the original on 27 December 2022
8522:
8458:from the original on 15 November 2014
8406:. Statistique Canada. 9 February 2022
8347:. European Commission. Archived from
8327:
8045:"What Languages Are Spoken In Gabon?"
7970:
7539:
6913:as they were former French colonies.
5903:According to the High Council of the
5854:
5536:, 69.1% of the population over 15 in
10852:from the original on 4 November 2011
10686:"Belgium's new linguistic challenge"
10314:
10276:from the original on 2 February 2009
9779:
9266:from the original on 10 October 2017
9251:
9109:. Statistique suisse. Archived from
9038:
8901:
8859:. The World Factbook. Archived from
8734:. Statistique suisse. Archived from
8648:from the original on 10 October 2017
8586:from the original on 18 January 2015
8478:"PX-Web - Valitse muuttuja ja arvot"
8432:from the original on 28 January 2013
7173:, French is an official language in
7117:
6988:is being studied. Home of the first
6647:French language in the United States
6128:
5835:Local French-language media include
5766:Local French-language media include
5616:Local French-language media include
3405:French native speakers by countries
2716:
2712:
2490:2010 OIF report + 2010 observations
1597:2010 OIF report + 2012 observations
608:2010 OIF report + 2010 observations
190:
81:According to the 2022 report of the
11135:
11096:
10870:
10642:
10630:
10582:
10567:
10398:Hasselle, Della (13 October 2018).
10172:
10111:
10030:
10018:
10006:
9994:
9982:
9970:
9958:
9946:
9934:
9919:
9907:
9895:
9883:
9871:
9847:
9835:
9823:
9673:
9658:
9643:
9605:
9588:
9489:
9239:
9222:
9210:
9189:
9070:
8770:from the original on 6 October 2014
8444:
8384:from the original on 6 October 2022
8064:
7958:
7907:from the original on 7 January 2015
7815:, Editions Véndémiaire, 2022, p. 62
7682:0.7% of a 2010 population of 90,945
6572:, along corridors that follows the
5863:French speakers in Africa in 2014:
5742:50.3% of the population over 15 in
24:
11027:from the original on 3 August 2008
10792:from the original on 15 April 2015
10662:from the original on 18 March 2015
10242:Collins, Emmet (3 December 2021).
9853:
9625:from the original on 26 March 2015
9299:from the original on 19 March 2015
8926:from the original on 11 April 2015
8763:. Office for National Statistics.
8680:from the original on 15 April 2015
8156:from the original on 15 April 2015
7025:Primary School Leaving Examination
5808:Languages of Tunisia § French
5516:
3397:
2221:2010 OIF report + 2003 OIF survey
2053:Alliances françaises in Peru 2018
25:
11755:
11207:
10980:Abalain, Hervé (1 January 2007).
10272:. 2.statcan.ca. 7 December 2010.
10088:from the original on 3 March 2016
9388:from the original on 27 July 2011
9026:from the original on 6 April 2015
9000:from the original on 6 April 2015
8889:from the original on 26 June 2015
8510:from the original on 4 March 2016
8506:. Központi Statisztikai Hivatal.
7430:
6151:
11716:
11715:
11062:
11039:
11007:
10973:
10947:
10921:
10889:
10760:from the original on 1 July 2015
10746:
10719:
10648:
10610:
10599:
10588:
10533:
10512:
10491:
10470:
10444:
10410:
10391:
10340:
10300:Ministry of the Attorney General
10288:
10262:
10235:
10134:from the original on 9 June 2015
9769:(in French). Paris: l'Harmattan.
8536:from the original on 20 May 2015
8315:from the original on 19 May 2016
8246:from the original on 5 July 2021
8181:. Cengage Learning. p. 90.
7121:
7078:About 0.7% of the population of
6755:
6640:
6521:
6516:Test de connaissance du français
6484:, and to a more limited extent,
5965:Languages of Benin § French
5770:Le Matin du Sahara et du Maghreb
5485:
5454:
5423:
5392:
5361:
5330:
5299:
5268:
5237:
5206:
5175:
5144:
5113:
5082:
5051:
5020:
4989:
4958:
4927:
4896:
4865:
4799:
4770:
4740:
4711:
4682:
4653:
4624:
4595:
4566:
4537:
4508:
4479:
4450:
4421:
4392:
4363:
4334:
4305:
4276:
4247:
4218:
4189:
4160:
4131:
4102:
4073:
4044:
4015:
3986:
3957:
3928:
3899:
3870:
3841:
3812:
3783:
3754:
3725:
3696:
3667:
3638:
3609:
3580:
3551:
3522:
3493:
3371:
3340:
3309:
3278:
3247:
3216:
3185:
3154:
3123:
3092:
3061:
3030:
2999:
2968:
2937:
2906:
2875:
2844:
2813:
2782:
2721:
2688:
2664:
2640:
2616:
2592:
2568:
2544:
2520:
2496:
2472:
2448:
2424:
2400:
2376:
2352:
2328:
2304:
2275:
2251:
2227:
2203:
2179:
2155:
2131:
2107:
2083:
2059:
2035:
2011:
1987:
1963:
1939:
1915:
1891:
1867:
1843:
1819:
1795:
1771:
1747:
1723:
1699:
1675:
1651:
1627:
1603:
1579:
1555:
1531:
1507:
1483:
1459:
1435:
1411:
1387:
1363:
1339:
1315:
1291:
1267:
1243:
1219:
1195:
1171:
1142:
1118:
1094:
1070:
1046:
1022:
998:
974:
950:
926:
902:
878:
854:
830:
806:
782:
758:
752:French embassy in Colombia 2016
734:
710:
686:
662:
638:
614:
590:
566:
542:
518:
494:
470:
446:
422:
398:
374:
350:
326:
195:
10986:. Editions Jean-paul Gisserot.
10044:"Rapport definitif RGPHAE 2013"
9862:, iwacu-burundi.org, 17-09-2014
9773:
9758:
9743:
9712:
9679:
9611:
9552:
9523:
9462:. Aps-Sud-Infos. Archived from
9452:
9414:from the original on 2 May 2015
9099:
9012:
8986:
8960:
8938:
8875:
8628:
8548:
8470:
8418:
8037:
8011:
7765:
7745:
7725:
7705:
7685:
7676:
7667:
7658:
7638:
7618:
7609:
7589:
7437:Languages of the United Kingdom
6342:in 1994 and the victory of the
5989:
2634:2017 American Community Survey
2125:2012 OIF associate application
10886:, Le Château éd., 2009, p. 20.
7992:. Francophonie. Archived from
7919:
7871:
7843:
7818:
7801:
7375:
7228:ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts
6975:
6968:About 3% of the population of
6808:About 3% of the population of
6568:are primarily concentrated in
6237:
1333:Demographic and Health Survey
1213:2018 OIF observer application
800:Demographic and Health Survey
704:Demographic and Health Survey
560:Demographic and Health Survey
186:
13:
1:
10296:"Access to justice in French"
10156:. 2.statcan.ca. 28 May 2013.
9767:Le français langue africaine
8555:Øyvind, Dahl (19 June 2024).
7789:
7462:French-based creole languages
7362:the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
7356:Multilingualism in Luxembourg
7345:
7082:can speak French as of 2014.
7009:University of the Philippines
6972:can speak French as of 2014.
6412:
6393:(15.9% to 33.0% for French),
6263:
6143:. 68.7% of the population of
5698:
5689:Université Française d'Égypte
5677:British colonization of Egypt
5580:by 76% of Algerians in 2014.
181:
11225:Is French a Global Language?
10697:original source (pdf 4.9 MB)
10595:French Language in Hong Kong
9254:"La francophonie en Algérie"
7794:
7014:
6871:
6760:
6614:French Language Services Act
6446:
6290:
6164:Democratic Republic of Congo
5583:French is not official, but
3366:United States Virgin Islands
2901:Collectivity of Saint Martin
872:French embassy in Cuba 2019
7:
10506:September 21, 2013, at the
8532:. Statistiques Luxembourg.
7445:
7249:
6804:French language in Cambodia
6797:
6710:, essentially a variant of
6441:
6174:
6037:
5618:
5570:National Assembly of France
2777:French Community of Belgium
230:French speakers by Regions
10:
11760:
11089:
10729:Loi constitutionnelle 1992
10244:"Francophones of Manitoba"
10081:. Stat Togo. p. 295.
8428:. Český statistický úřad.
7987:"Les chemins de la langue"
7434:
7385:
7379:
7349:
7327:
7287:
7253:
7211:
7162:
7156:
7152:
7113:
7074:French language in Vietnam
7071:
7067:
7041:League of Nations Mandates
6961:
6923:French language in Lebanon
6920:
6916:
6878:French people in Hong Kong
6875:
6826:Shanghai French Concession
6801:
6644:
6530:
6495:
6450:
6427:
6416:
6358:
6354:
6340:Genocide against the Tutsi
6327:
6305:
6294:
6267:
6241:
6219:
6196:
6178:
6155:
6132:
6114:
6110:
6091:
6073:
6041:
6019:
6015:
5993:
5962:
5805:
5801:
5727:
5724:French language in Morocco
5721:
5717:
5702:
5528:French language in Algeria
5525:
5521:
28:
11711:
11622:
11594:
11554:
11500:
11446:
11399:
11390:
11377:
11267:
10848:. Region Vallée d'Aoste.
10754:"Pays d'Aoste – Histoire"
10248:The Canadian Encyclopedia
9686:Wolff, Alexandre (2011).
8266:"The People of Australia"
7323:
7207:
7181:(excluding a part of the
7085:
6828:and other concessions in
6771:
6700:
6537:French language in Canada
6526:
6323:
6215:
5918:Native Speakers in Africa
5898: >50% Francophone
5675:During the period of the
5511:
3180:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2730:This section needs to be
204:This section needs to be
11145:(in French). Gallimard.
10897:"Luxembourg law of 1984"
10451:Barbosa, Rosana (2009).
9381:10.4000/anneemaghreb.305
9259:. Université de Béchar.
7532:
7382:Languages of Switzerland
7283:
7034:
6896:
6815:
6714:, is spoken in parts of
6491:
6301:
6244:Languages of Ivory Coast
6192:
6082:Central African Republic
6070:Central African Republic
5958:
5892: 41–50% Francophone
5886: 31–40% Francophone
5880: 21–30% Francophone
5874: 11–20% Francophone
5655:
3791:Central African Republic
694:Central African Republic
176: 80–99% Francophone
170: 60–79% Francophone
164: 40–59% Francophone
158: 20–39% Francophone
132: 40–49% Francophone
126: 30–39% Francophone
120: 20–29% Francophone
114: 10–19% Francophone
11502:Germanic-speaking world
9765:Dumont, Pierre (1990).
9295:. Assemblée Nationale.
8606:"Republic of Mauritius"
8178:La France contemporaine
7931:La voix de la diversité
7352:Languages of Luxembourg
7191:Brussels-Capital Region
7001:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
6964:French language in Laos
6957:
6792:
6586:Winnipeg Capital Region
6423:
6419:Languages of Seychelles
6344:Rwandan Patriotic Front
6270:Languages of Madagascar
6087:
5868: 0–10% Francophone
5705:Languages of Mauritania
4829:Subnational territories
2466:Adult Education Survey
2298:Adult Education Survey
2005:Adult Education Survey
1981:Adult Education Survey
1261:Adult Education Survey
512:Adult Education Survey
344:Adult Education Survey
152: 0–19% Francophone
11392:Romance-speaking world
10740:
9081:"Sondage linguistique"
8922:. Statistique Canada.
8454:. Statistics Estonia.
7512:List of link languages
7130:This section is empty.
7095:
6882:Languages of Hong Kong
6778:anti-Portuguese factor
6656:
6578:Red River of the North
6297:Languages of Mauritius
5919:
5900:
5841:L'Economiste Maghrébin
5792:
5784:
5776:
5768:
5642:
5634:
5626:
502:Bosnia and Herzegovina
290:
178:
140:
138: 50%+ Francophone
108: 0–9% Francophone
44:international language
11683:Uralic-speaking world
11596:Celtic-speaking world
11556:Slavic-speaking world
11106:(in French). Nathan.
9798:10.3406/lfr.1994.5743
9737:10.3406/lfr.1994.5735
8673:. ODSEF. p. 25.
7435:Further information:
7380:Further information:
7350:Further information:
7328:Further information:
7288:Further information:
7268:(in its local forms,
7256:Languages of Guernsey
7254:Further information:
7163:Further information:
7098:Spoken by 12% of the
7093:
6782:Brazilian nationalism
6654:
6593:Northwest Territories
6397:(15.8% to 22.7%) and
6181:Languages of Djibouti
6044:Languages of Cameroon
5951:and the Cameroonian "
5917:
5862:
5576:, French was used on
2235:São Tomé and Príncipe
392:2009 national survey
288:
146:
95:
10821:on 24 September 2015
10682:Van Parijs, Philippe
9570:, 9781848857094. p.
9541:, 9781848857094. p.
9516:, 9781848857094. p.
8019:"Target Survey 2021"
7903:. RTBF Litterature.
7276:) is the historical
7165:Languages of Belgium
6750:endangered languages
6744:in various parts of
6635:northeastern Ontario
6361:Languages of Senegal
6117:Languages of Comoros
6022:Languages of Burundi
5837:La Presse de Tunisie
5786:Aujourd'hui le Maroc
2576:United Arab Emirates
320:Basis of projection
9780:Wald, Paul (1994).
9719:Manessy, G (1994).
9152:on 12 February 2020
8974:on 15 December 2019
8738:on 17 November 2010
7856:The Washington Post
7830:Legal Language Blog
7340:Jersey Legal French
7330:Languages of Jersey
7218:Languages of France
6933:self-identification
6330:Languages of Rwanda
6222:Languages of Guinea
5734:The 2004 census of
4750:(England and Wales)
3451: Others (1.4%)
1040:Target Survey 2021
276: Others (1.5%)
74:in the world after
11382:Language geography
11220:Why French Matters
11074:2018-02-15 at the
11059:, 20 November 2013
11051:2017-10-18 at the
10734:2008-04-30 at the
10548:2016-03-04 at the
10527:2015-05-17 at the
10485:2015-09-24 at the
10360:on 5 February 2016
10250:. Historica Canada
10190:on 23 January 2021
9750:Lafage, S (1998).
9372:L'Année du Maghreb
8863:on 14 January 2009
8025:on 23 October 2022
7973:, pp. 31–161.
7807:Léonard Dauphant,
7778:2015-04-07 at the
7758:2016-03-04 at the
7738:2015-04-12 at the
7718:2015-05-14 at the
7698:2015-04-17 at the
7651:2015-09-24 at the
7631:2015-07-18 at the
7602:2015-05-21 at the
7527:Language geography
7313:official languages
7309:Fascist government
7096:
6990:Alliance Française
6866:Alliance française
6708:New England French
6657:
6453:French West Indies
6409:in those regions.
6383:regions of Senegal
6308:Languages of Niger
6199:Languages of Gabon
6084:along with Sango.
6030:, the other being
5920:
5901:
5855:Sub-Saharan Africa
5693:Université Senghor
5650:Tout sur l'Algérie
5598:Algerian Civil War
5585:The World Factbook
1006:Dominican Republic
291:
258:Sub-Saharan Africa
179:
141:
11731:
11730:
11496:
11495:
11339:
11338:
11183:978-2-924698-32-7
11152:978-2-07-297686-5
11113:978-2-09-882654-0
10993:978-2-87747-881-6
10704:(pdf 0.7 MB)
10570:, pp. 13–19.
10462:978-0-7618-4147-0
9252:Berbaoui, Nacer.
8354:on 6 January 2016
8188:978-1-305-80441-8
8047:. 14 August 2017.
7961:, pp. 30–35.
7517:Dialect continuum
7226:in 1992, but the
7150:
7149:
7023:, the top 10% of
6789:, in the latter.
6767:French Argentines
6742:coureurs des bois
6570:southern Manitoba
6566:Franco-Manitobans
6430:Languages of Togo
6278:, the capital of
6141:Republic of Congo
6129:Congo-Brazzaville
6094:Languages of Chad
5628:Le Soir d'Algérie
5509:
5508:
4826:
4825:
3878:Congo-Brazzaville
3395:
3394:
3211:Wallis and Futuna
2751:
2750:
2713:Other territories
2710:
2709:
1078:Equatorial Guinea
225:
224:
56:Kingdom of France
16:(Redirected from
11751:
11719:
11718:
11397:
11396:
11366:
11359:
11352:
11343:
11342:
11254:
11247:
11240:
11231:
11230:
11202:
11200:
11198:
11192:
11186:. Archived from
11175:
11163:
11161:
11159:
11144:
11132:
11130:
11128:
11123:on 12 April 2015
11122:
11116:. Archived from
11105:
11083:
11066:
11060:
11043:
11037:
11036:
11034:
11032:
11026:
11019:
11011:
11005:
11004:
11002:
11000:
10977:
10971:
10970:
10968:
10966:
10951:
10945:
10944:
10942:
10940:
10925:
10919:
10918:
10916:
10914:
10908:
10902:. Archived from
10901:
10893:
10887:
10880:
10874:
10868:
10862:
10861:
10859:
10857:
10840:
10831:
10830:
10828:
10826:
10811:
10802:
10801:
10799:
10797:
10791:
10784:
10776:
10770:
10769:
10767:
10765:
10750:
10744:
10743:
10727:
10723:
10717:
10715:
10713:
10711:
10705:
10690:
10678:
10672:
10671:
10669:
10667:
10652:
10646:
10640:
10634:
10628:
10622:
10621:
10614:
10608:
10603:
10597:
10592:
10586:
10580:
10571:
10565:
10552:
10541:
10537:
10531:
10520:
10516:
10510:
10499:
10495:
10489:
10478:
10474:
10468:
10466:
10448:
10442:
10441:
10439:
10437:
10414:
10408:
10407:
10395:
10389:
10376:
10370:
10369:
10367:
10365:
10359:
10353:. Archived from
10352:
10344:
10338:
10337:
10335:
10333:
10318:
10312:
10311:
10309:
10307:
10292:
10286:
10285:
10283:
10281:
10266:
10260:
10259:
10257:
10255:
10239:
10233:
10232:
10230:
10228:
10223:on 25 April 2023
10209:
10200:
10199:
10197:
10195:
10176:
10170:
10169:
10167:
10165:
10150:
10144:
10143:
10141:
10139:
10130:. 2.statcan.ca.
10124:
10115:
10109:
10098:
10097:
10095:
10093:
10087:
10080:
10072:
10066:
10065:
10063:
10061:
10055:
10048:
10040:
10034:
10028:
10022:
10016:
10010:
10004:
9998:
9992:
9986:
9980:
9974:
9968:
9962:
9956:
9950:
9944:
9938:
9932:
9923:
9917:
9911:
9905:
9899:
9893:
9887:
9881:
9875:
9869:
9863:
9857:
9851:
9845:
9839:
9833:
9827:
9821:
9802:
9801:
9786:Langue française
9777:
9771:
9770:
9762:
9756:
9755:
9747:
9741:
9740:
9725:Langue française
9716:
9710:
9709:
9707:
9705:
9699:
9692:
9683:
9677:
9671:
9662:
9656:
9647:
9641:
9635:
9634:
9632:
9630:
9615:
9609:
9603:
9592:
9586:
9575:
9556:
9550:
9527:
9521:
9502:
9493:
9487:
9476:
9475:
9473:
9471:
9456:
9450:
9449:
9447:
9445:
9430:
9424:
9423:
9421:
9419:
9404:
9398:
9397:
9395:
9393:
9383:
9363:
9354:
9353:
9351:
9349:
9343:
9336:
9328:
9309:
9308:
9306:
9304:
9289:
9276:
9275:
9273:
9271:
9265:
9258:
9249:
9243:
9237:
9226:
9220:
9214:
9208:
9193:
9187:
9162:
9161:
9159:
9157:
9142:
9123:
9122:
9120:
9118:
9103:
9097:
9096:
9094:
9092:
9077:
9068:
9067:
9065:
9063:
9057:
9050:
9042:
9036:
9035:
9033:
9031:
9016:
9010:
9009:
9007:
9005:
8990:
8984:
8983:
8981:
8979:
8970:. Archived from
8964:
8958:
8957:
8955:
8953:
8942:
8936:
8935:
8933:
8931:
8916:
8899:
8898:
8896:
8894:
8879:
8873:
8872:
8870:
8868:
8853:
8806:
8805:
8803:
8801:
8786:
8780:
8779:
8777:
8775:
8769:
8762:
8754:
8748:
8747:
8745:
8743:
8728:
8722:
8721:
8719:
8717:
8711:
8704:
8696:
8690:
8689:
8687:
8685:
8679:
8672:
8664:
8658:
8657:
8655:
8653:
8647:
8640:
8632:
8626:
8625:
8623:
8621:
8602:
8596:
8595:
8593:
8591:
8585:
8578:
8570:
8564:
8563:
8561:
8552:
8546:
8545:
8543:
8541:
8526:
8520:
8519:
8517:
8515:
8500:
8494:
8493:
8491:
8489:
8480:. Archived from
8474:
8468:
8467:
8465:
8463:
8448:
8442:
8441:
8439:
8437:
8422:
8416:
8415:
8413:
8411:
8400:
8394:
8393:
8391:
8389:
8370:
8364:
8363:
8361:
8359:
8353:
8346:
8338:
8325:
8324:
8322:
8320:
8305:
8288:
8287:
8285:
8283:
8277:
8270:
8262:
8256:
8255:
8253:
8251:
8236:
8193:
8192:
8172:
8166:
8165:
8163:
8161:
8155:
8148:
8140:
8115:
8114:
8112:
8110:
8104:
8097:
8087:
8068:
8062:
8049:
8048:
8041:
8035:
8034:
8032:
8030:
8021:. Archived from
8015:
8009:
8008:
8006:
8004:
7998:
7991:
7983:
7974:
7968:
7962:
7956:
7947:
7946:
7944:
7942:
7923:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7912:
7897:
7891:
7890:
7888:
7886:
7875:
7869:
7868:
7866:
7864:
7847:
7841:
7840:
7838:
7836:
7822:
7816:
7805:
7783:
7769:
7763:
7749:
7743:
7729:
7723:
7709:
7703:
7689:
7683:
7680:
7674:
7671:
7665:
7662:
7656:
7642:
7636:
7622:
7616:
7613:
7607:
7593:
7587:
7580:
7318:Franco-Provençal
7307:campaign of the
7280:of the islands.
7145:
7142:
7132:You can help by
7125:
7118:
6705:
6704:
6696:Louisiana Creole
6684:Louisiana French
6623:Franco-Ontarians
6506:, together with
6166:. About half of
5897:
5891:
5885:
5879:
5873:
5867:
5797:
5789:
5781:
5773:
5647:
5639:
5631:
5623:
5613:) of Algerians.
5587:cites it as the
5491:
5489:
5488:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5119:
5117:
5116:
5088:
5086:
5085:
5077:British Columbia
5057:
5055:
5054:
5026:
5024:
5023:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4833:
4832:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4021:
4019:
4018:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3464:
3463:
3450:
3440:
3430:
3420:
3410:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3149:Saint Barthélemy
3129:
3127:
3126:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2963:French Polynesia
2943:
2941:
2940:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2753:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2737:
2725:
2724:
2717:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2017:
2015:
2014:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1381:2010 OIF report
1369:
1367:
1366:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1016:2014 OIF report
1004:
1002:
1001:
980:
978:
977:
956:
954:
953:
932:
930:
929:
908:
906:
905:
884:
882:
881:
860:
858:
857:
836:
834:
833:
812:
810:
809:
788:
786:
785:
764:
762:
761:
740:
738:
737:
716:
714:
713:
692:
690:
689:
668:
666:
665:
644:
642:
641:
620:
618:
617:
596:
594:
593:
572:
570:
569:
548:
546:
545:
524:
522:
521:
500:
498:
497:
476:
474:
473:
452:
450:
449:
428:
426:
425:
404:
402:
401:
380:
378:
377:
356:
354:
353:
332:
330:
329:
308:
307:
303:foreign language
275:
265:
255:
245:
235:
220:
217:
211:
199:
198:
191:
175:
169:
163:
157:
151:
137:
131:
125:
119:
113:
107:
21:
11759:
11758:
11754:
11753:
11752:
11750:
11749:
11748:
11734:
11733:
11732:
11727:
11707:
11693:Hindustani list
11623:Other languages
11618:
11609:Scottish Gaelic
11590:
11550:
11492:
11442:
11386:
11373:
11370:
11340:
11335:
11287:Canadian French
11263:
11258:
11210:
11205:
11196:
11194:
11190:
11184:
11173:
11157:
11155:
11153:
11142:
11126:
11124:
11120:
11114:
11103:
11092:
11087:
11086:
11076:Wayback Machine
11067:
11063:
11053:Wayback Machine
11044:
11040:
11030:
11028:
11024:
11017:
11013:
11012:
11008:
10998:
10996:
10994:
10978:
10974:
10964:
10962:
10961:on 22 July 2013
10953:
10952:
10948:
10938:
10936:
10935:on 21 July 2013
10927:
10926:
10922:
10912:
10910:
10909:on 3 March 2016
10906:
10899:
10895:
10894:
10890:
10881:
10877:
10869:
10865:
10855:
10853:
10842:
10841:
10834:
10824:
10822:
10813:
10812:
10805:
10795:
10793:
10789:
10782:
10778:
10777:
10773:
10763:
10761:
10752:
10751:
10747:
10736:Wayback Machine
10725:
10724:
10720:
10709:
10707:
10706:on 13 June 2007
10703:
10695:: Article from
10688:
10679:
10675:
10665:
10663:
10654:
10653:
10649:
10641:
10637:
10629:
10625:
10616:
10615:
10611:
10604:
10600:
10593:
10589:
10581:
10574:
10566:
10555:
10550:Wayback Machine
10540:(in Portuguese)
10539:
10538:
10534:
10529:Wayback Machine
10519:(in Portuguese)
10518:
10517:
10513:
10508:Wayback Machine
10498:(in Portuguese)
10497:
10496:
10492:
10487:Wayback Machine
10477:(in Portuguese)
10476:
10475:
10471:
10463:
10449:
10445:
10435:
10433:
10431:
10415:
10411:
10396:
10392:
10377:
10373:
10363:
10361:
10357:
10350:
10346:
10345:
10341:
10331:
10329:
10320:
10319:
10315:
10305:
10303:
10294:
10293:
10289:
10279:
10277:
10268:
10267:
10263:
10253:
10251:
10240:
10236:
10226:
10224:
10211:
10210:
10203:
10193:
10191:
10178:
10177:
10173:
10163:
10161:
10152:
10151:
10147:
10137:
10135:
10126:
10125:
10118:
10110:
10101:
10091:
10089:
10085:
10078:
10074:
10073:
10069:
10059:
10057:
10053:
10046:
10042:
10041:
10037:
10029:
10025:
10017:
10013:
10005:
10001:
9993:
9989:
9981:
9977:
9969:
9965:
9957:
9953:
9945:
9941:
9933:
9926:
9918:
9914:
9906:
9902:
9894:
9890:
9882:
9878:
9870:
9866:
9858:
9854:
9846:
9842:
9834:
9830:
9822:
9805:
9778:
9774:
9763:
9759:
9748:
9744:
9717:
9713:
9703:
9701:
9700:on 5 April 2015
9697:
9690:
9684:
9680:
9672:
9665:
9657:
9650:
9642:
9638:
9628:
9626:
9617:
9616:
9612:
9604:
9595:
9587:
9578:
9557:
9553:
9528:
9524:
9503:
9496:
9488:
9479:
9469:
9467:
9466:on 27 June 2015
9458:
9457:
9453:
9443:
9441:
9432:
9431:
9427:
9417:
9415:
9406:
9405:
9401:
9391:
9389:
9364:
9357:
9347:
9345:
9344:on 16 June 2015
9341:
9334:
9330:
9329:
9312:
9302:
9300:
9291:
9290:
9279:
9269:
9267:
9263:
9256:
9250:
9246:
9238:
9229:
9221:
9217:
9209:
9196:
9188:
9165:
9155:
9153:
9144:
9143:
9126:
9116:
9114:
9113:on 7 April 2015
9105:
9104:
9100:
9090:
9088:
9079:
9078:
9071:
9061:
9059:
9058:on 4 March 2016
9055:
9048:
9044:
9043:
9039:
9029:
9027:
9018:
9017:
9013:
9003:
9001:
8992:
8991:
8987:
8977:
8975:
8966:
8965:
8961:
8951:
8949:
8944:
8943:
8939:
8929:
8927:
8918:
8917:
8902:
8892:
8890:
8885:. La Libre.be.
8881:
8880:
8876:
8866:
8864:
8855:
8854:
8809:
8799:
8797:
8796:on 4 April 2015
8788:
8787:
8783:
8773:
8771:
8767:
8760:
8756:
8755:
8751:
8741:
8739:
8730:
8729:
8725:
8715:
8713:
8709:
8702:
8698:
8697:
8693:
8683:
8681:
8677:
8670:
8666:
8665:
8661:
8651:
8649:
8645:
8638:
8634:
8633:
8629:
8619:
8617:
8604:
8603:
8599:
8589:
8587:
8583:
8576:
8572:
8571:
8567:
8559:
8553:
8549:
8539:
8537:
8528:
8527:
8523:
8513:
8511:
8502:
8501:
8497:
8487:
8485:
8484:on 26 June 2018
8476:
8475:
8471:
8461:
8459:
8450:
8449:
8445:
8435:
8433:
8424:
8423:
8419:
8409:
8407:
8402:
8401:
8397:
8387:
8385:
8372:
8371:
8367:
8357:
8355:
8351:
8344:
8340:
8339:
8328:
8318:
8316:
8307:
8306:
8291:
8281:
8279:
8278:on 14 July 2014
8275:
8268:
8264:
8263:
8259:
8249:
8247:
8238:
8237:
8196:
8189:
8173:
8169:
8159:
8157:
8153:
8146:
8142:
8141:
8118:
8108:
8106:
8102:
8095:
8089:
8088:
8071:
8063:
8052:
8043:
8042:
8038:
8028:
8026:
8017:
8016:
8012:
8002:
8000:
7999:on 2 April 2015
7996:
7989:
7985:
7984:
7977:
7969:
7965:
7957:
7950:
7940:
7938:
7925:
7924:
7920:
7910:
7908:
7899:
7898:
7894:
7884:
7882:
7877:
7876:
7872:
7862:
7860:
7859:. 18 April 2022
7849:
7848:
7844:
7834:
7832:
7824:
7823:
7819:
7806:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7786:
7780:Wayback Machine
7770:
7766:
7760:Wayback Machine
7750:
7746:
7740:Wayback Machine
7730:
7726:
7720:Wayback Machine
7710:
7706:
7700:Wayback Machine
7690:
7686:
7681:
7677:
7672:
7668:
7663:
7659:
7653:Wayback Machine
7643:
7639:
7633:Wayback Machine
7623:
7619:
7614:
7610:
7604:Wayback Machine
7594:
7590:
7581:
7540:
7535:
7448:
7439:
7433:
7394:
7386:Main articles:
7384:
7378:
7358:
7348:
7332:
7326:
7292:
7286:
7258:
7252:
7220:
7210:
7187:German-speaking
7167:
7161:
7155:
7146:
7140:
7137:
7116:
7088:
7076:
7070:
7037:
7017:
6978:
6966:
6960:
6925:
6919:
6899:
6884:
6874:
6818:
6806:
6800:
6795:
6774:
6763:
6758:
6722:Missouri French
6712:Canadian French
6649:
6643:
6627:Eastern Ontario
6539:
6533:Canadian French
6531:Main articles:
6529:
6524:
6518:(TCF) in 2009.
6500:
6494:
6463:French Antilles
6455:
6449:
6444:
6432:
6426:
6421:
6415:
6403:Quranic schools
6363:
6357:
6332:
6326:
6310:
6304:
6299:
6293:
6272:
6266:
6246:
6240:
6224:
6218:
6201:
6195:
6183:
6177:
6160:
6154:
6137:
6131:
6119:
6113:
6096:
6090:
6078:
6072:
6046:
6040:
6024:
6018:
5998:
5992:
5967:
5961:
5899:
5895:
5893:
5889:
5887:
5883:
5881:
5877:
5875:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5857:
5810:
5804:
5732:
5726:
5720:
5707:
5701:
5681:Egyptian Sultan
5658:
5611:butin de guerre
5530:
5524:
5519:
5517:Northern Africa
5514:
5486:
5484:
5455:
5453:
5424:
5422:
5393:
5391:
5362:
5360:
5331:
5329:
5300:
5298:
5269:
5267:
5238:
5236:
5207:
5205:
5176:
5174:
5145:
5143:
5114:
5112:
5083:
5081:
5052:
5050:
5021:
5019:
4990:
4988:
4959:
4957:
4928:
4926:
4897:
4895:
4866:
4864:
4831:
4800:
4798:
4771:
4769:
4741:
4739:
4712:
4710:
4683:
4681:
4654:
4652:
4625:
4623:
4596:
4594:
4567:
4565:
4538:
4536:
4509:
4507:
4480:
4478:
4451:
4449:
4422:
4420:
4393:
4391:
4364:
4362:
4335:
4333:
4306:
4304:
4277:
4275:
4248:
4246:
4219:
4217:
4190:
4188:
4161:
4159:
4132:
4130:
4103:
4101:
4074:
4072:
4045:
4043:
4016:
4014:
3987:
3985:
3958:
3956:
3929:
3927:
3900:
3898:
3871:
3869:
3842:
3840:
3813:
3811:
3784:
3782:
3755:
3753:
3726:
3724:
3697:
3695:
3668:
3666:
3639:
3637:
3610:
3608:
3581:
3579:
3552:
3550:
3523:
3521:
3494:
3492:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3446:
3438:
3436:
3428:
3426:
3418:
3416:
3408:
3400:
3398:Native speakers
3372:
3370:
3341:
3339:
3310:
3308:
3279:
3277:
3248:
3246:
3217:
3215:
3186:
3184:
3155:
3153:
3124:
3122:
3093:
3091:
3062:
3060:
3031:
3029:
3000:
2998:
2969:
2967:
2938:
2936:
2907:
2905:
2876:
2874:
2845:
2843:
2814:
2812:
2783:
2781:
2762:French speakers
2747:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2726:
2722:
2715:
2689:
2687:
2665:
2663:
2641:
2639:
2617:
2615:
2593:
2591:
2569:
2567:
2545:
2543:
2521:
2519:
2497:
2495:
2473:
2471:
2449:
2447:
2425:
2423:
2401:
2399:
2377:
2375:
2353:
2351:
2329:
2327:
2305:
2303:
2276:
2274:
2252:
2250:
2228:
2226:
2204:
2202:
2180:
2178:
2156:
2154:
2132:
2130:
2108:
2106:
2084:
2082:
2060:
2058:
2036:
2034:
2012:
2010:
1988:
1986:
1971:North Macedonia
1964:
1962:
1940:
1938:
1916:
1914:
1892:
1890:
1868:
1866:
1844:
1842:
1820:
1818:
1796:
1794:
1772:
1770:
1748:
1746:
1724:
1722:
1700:
1698:
1676:
1674:
1652:
1650:
1628:
1626:
1604:
1602:
1580:
1578:
1556:
1554:
1532:
1530:
1508:
1506:
1484:
1482:
1460:
1458:
1436:
1434:
1412:
1410:
1388:
1386:
1364:
1362:
1340:
1338:
1316:
1314:
1292:
1290:
1268:
1266:
1244:
1242:
1220:
1218:
1196:
1194:
1172:
1170:
1143:
1141:
1119:
1117:
1095:
1093:
1071:
1069:
1047:
1045:
1023:
1021:
999:
997:
975:
973:
951:
949:
927:
925:
903:
901:
879:
877:
855:
853:
831:
829:
807:
805:
783:
781:
759:
757:
735:
733:
711:
709:
687:
685:
663:
661:
639:
637:
615:
613:
591:
589:
567:
565:
543:
541:
519:
517:
495:
493:
471:
469:
447:
445:
423:
421:
399:
397:
375:
373:
351:
349:
327:
325:
314:French speakers
299:native speakers
282:
280:
279:
278:
277:
273:
271:
263:
261:
253:
251:
243:
241:
233:
221:
215:
212:
209:
200:
196:
189:
184:
177:
173:
171:
167:
165:
161:
159:
155:
153:
149:
139:
135:
133:
129:
127:
123:
121:
117:
115:
111:
109:
105:
40:French language
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11757:
11747:
11746:
11729:
11728:
11726:
11725:
11712:
11709:
11708:
11706:
11705:
11700:
11695:
11690:
11685:
11680:
11679:
11678:
11668:
11663:
11662:
11661:
11651:
11650:
11649:
11639:
11638:
11637:
11626:
11624:
11620:
11619:
11617:
11616:
11611:
11606:
11600:
11598:
11592:
11591:
11589:
11588:
11583:
11582:
11581:
11571:
11566:
11560:
11558:
11552:
11551:
11549:
11548:
11547:
11546:
11536:
11535:
11534:
11524:
11523:
11522:
11517:
11506:
11504:
11498:
11497:
11494:
11493:
11491:
11490:
11489:
11488:
11480:
11479:
11478:
11468:
11467:
11466:
11461:
11450:
11448:
11444:
11443:
11441:
11440:
11435:
11434:
11433:
11423:
11422:
11421:
11416:
11405:
11403:
11394:
11388:
11387:
11385:
11384:
11378:
11375:
11374:
11369:
11368:
11361:
11354:
11346:
11337:
11336:
11334:
11333:
11328:
11327:
11326:
11321:
11316:
11306:
11301:
11296:
11291:
11290:
11289:
11279:
11274:
11268:
11265:
11264:
11257:
11256:
11249:
11242:
11234:
11228:
11227:
11222:
11217:
11209:
11208:External links
11206:
11204:
11203:
11193:on 23 May 2022
11182:
11164:
11151:
11133:
11112:
11093:
11091:
11088:
11085:
11084:
11061:
11038:
11006:
10992:
10972:
10946:
10920:
10888:
10875:
10863:
10832:
10803:
10771:
10745:
10718:
10673:
10647:
10645:, p. 358.
10635:
10633:, p. 218.
10623:
10609:
10598:
10587:
10585:, p. 249.
10572:
10553:
10532:
10511:
10490:
10469:
10461:
10443:
10429:
10409:
10390:
10384:2020-02-12 at
10371:
10339:
10326:www.ontario.ca
10313:
10287:
10261:
10234:
10201:
10171:
10145:
10116:
10114:, p. 359.
10099:
10067:
10035:
10023:
10011:
9999:
9997:, p. 230.
9987:
9985:, p. 126.
9975:
9973:, p. 352.
9963:
9961:, p. 351.
9951:
9949:, p. 139.
9939:
9937:, p. 108.
9924:
9922:, p. 117.
9912:
9910:, p. 102.
9900:
9898:, p. 133.
9888:
9886:, p. 131.
9876:
9864:
9852:
9840:
9828:
9803:
9772:
9757:
9742:
9711:
9678:
9676:, p. 499.
9663:
9648:
9646:, p. 386.
9636:
9610:
9608:, p. 215.
9593:
9591:, p. 217.
9576:
9551:
9522:
9494:
9492:, p. 216.
9477:
9451:
9425:
9399:
9374:(I): 207–218.
9355:
9310:
9277:
9244:
9242:, p. 214.
9227:
9215:
9194:
9163:
9124:
9098:
9087:on 5 July 2017
9069:
9037:
9011:
8985:
8959:
8937:
8900:
8874:
8807:
8781:
8749:
8723:
8712:on 14 May 2014
8691:
8659:
8627:
8597:
8565:
8547:
8521:
8495:
8469:
8443:
8417:
8395:
8374:"Burkina Faso"
8365:
8326:
8289:
8257:
8242:. Ethnologue.
8194:
8187:
8167:
8116:
8105:on 23 May 2022
8069:
8050:
8036:
8010:
7975:
7963:
7948:
7937:on 16 May 2013
7918:
7892:
7870:
7842:
7817:
7799:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7785:
7784:
7764:
7744:
7724:
7704:
7684:
7675:
7666:
7657:
7637:
7617:
7608:
7588:
7537:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7530:
7529:
7524:
7522:Geolinguistics
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7447:
7444:
7432:
7431:United Kingdom
7429:
7377:
7374:
7347:
7344:
7325:
7322:
7305:Italianisation
7285:
7282:
7251:
7248:
7244:advertisements
7209:
7206:
7195:Flemish Region
7159:Belgian French
7157:Main article:
7154:
7151:
7148:
7147:
7128:
7126:
7115:
7112:
7104:European Union
7087:
7084:
7072:Main article:
7069:
7066:
7036:
7033:
7016:
7013:
6994:Southeast Asia
6977:
6974:
6962:Main article:
6959:
6956:
6929:la tendre mère
6921:Main article:
6918:
6915:
6898:
6895:
6873:
6870:
6846:Kwang-Chou-Wan
6834:Shamian Island
6817:
6814:
6802:Main article:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6773:
6770:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6748:, but are now
6726:Muskrat French
6645:Main article:
6642:
6639:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6508:Haitian Creole
6498:Haitian French
6493:
6490:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6425:
6422:
6414:
6411:
6356:
6353:
6325:
6322:
6303:
6300:
6292:
6289:
6265:
6262:
6258:Ivorian French
6239:
6236:
6217:
6214:
6194:
6191:
6176:
6173:
6156:Main article:
6153:
6152:Congo-Kinshasa
6150:
6130:
6127:
6112:
6109:
6089:
6086:
6071:
6068:
6039:
6036:
6017:
6014:
5994:Main article:
5991:
5988:
5963:Main article:
5960:
5957:
5894:
5888:
5882:
5876:
5870:
5864:
5856:
5853:
5806:Main article:
5803:
5800:
5722:Main article:
5719:
5716:
5700:
5697:
5657:
5654:
5526:Main article:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5482:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5464:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5436:
5433:
5420:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5405:
5402:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5374:
5371:
5358:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5312:
5309:
5296:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5234:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5185:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5141:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5110:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5092:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5064:
5061:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5017:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5002:
4999:
4986:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4955:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4924:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4909:
4906:
4893:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4878:
4875:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4795:
4794:
4793:North America
4791:
4789:
4786:
4783:
4780:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4754:
4751:
4748:United Kingdom
4736:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4666:
4663:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4620:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4591:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4533:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4475:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4446:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4272:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4243:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4127:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4069:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3967:
3965:Czech Republic
3953:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3895:
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3891:
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3886:
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3880:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3779:
3778:
3777:North America
3775:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3721:
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3717:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3692:
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3683:
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3677:
3663:
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3648:
3634:
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3625:
3622:
3619:
3605:
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3601:
3599:
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3576:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3468:
3459:first language
3447:
3437:
3427:
3417:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2903:
2897:
2896:
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2891:
2888:
2885:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2749:
2748:
2729:
2727:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2660:
2659:
2658:Rivard (2016)
2656:
2653:
2650:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2600:United Kingdom
2588:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2492:
2491:
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2468:
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2461:
2458:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1791:
1790:
1789:Rivard (2016)
1787:
1784:
1781:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
994:
993:
990:
987:
984:
970:
969:
966:
963:
960:
946:
945:
942:
939:
936:
922:
921:
918:
915:
912:
910:Czech Republic
898:
897:
894:
891:
888:
874:
873:
870:
867:
864:
850:
849:
846:
843:
840:
826:
825:
824:Rivard (2016)
822:
819:
816:
802:
801:
798:
795:
792:
778:
777:
774:
771:
768:
754:
753:
750:
747:
744:
730:
729:
726:
723:
720:
706:
705:
702:
699:
696:
682:
681:
678:
675:
672:
658:
657:
654:
651:
648:
634:
633:
630:
627:
624:
610:
609:
606:
603:
600:
586:
585:
582:
579:
576:
562:
561:
558:
555:
552:
538:
537:
534:
531:
528:
514:
513:
510:
507:
504:
490:
489:
486:
483:
480:
466:
465:
462:
459:
456:
442:
441:
438:
435:
432:
418:
417:
414:
411:
408:
394:
393:
390:
387:
384:
370:
369:
366:
363:
360:
346:
345:
342:
339:
336:
322:
321:
318:
315:
312:
272:
262:
252:
242:
232:
228:
227:
226:
223:
222:
203:
201:
194:
188:
185:
183:
180:
172:
166:
160:
154:
148:
134:
128:
122:
116:
110:
104:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11756:
11745:
11742:
11741:
11739:
11724:
11723:
11714:
11713:
11710:
11704:
11701:
11699:
11696:
11694:
11691:
11689:
11686:
11684:
11681:
11677:
11674:
11673:
11672:
11669:
11667:
11664:
11660:
11657:
11656:
11655:
11652:
11648:
11645:
11644:
11643:
11640:
11636:
11633:
11632:
11631:
11628:
11627:
11625:
11621:
11615:
11612:
11610:
11607:
11605:
11602:
11601:
11599:
11597:
11593:
11587:
11584:
11580:
11577:
11576:
11575:
11572:
11570:
11567:
11565:
11562:
11561:
11559:
11557:
11553:
11545:
11542:
11541:
11540:
11537:
11533:
11530:
11529:
11528:
11525:
11521:
11518:
11516:
11513:
11512:
11511:
11508:
11507:
11505:
11503:
11499:
11487:
11484:
11483:
11481:
11477:
11474:
11473:
11472:
11469:
11465:
11462:
11460:
11457:
11456:
11455:
11452:
11451:
11449:
11445:
11439:
11436:
11432:
11429:
11428:
11427:
11424:
11420:
11417:
11415:
11412:
11411:
11410:
11407:
11406:
11404:
11402:
11398:
11395:
11393:
11389:
11383:
11380:
11379:
11376:
11367:
11362:
11360:
11355:
11353:
11348:
11347:
11344:
11332:
11329:
11325:
11322:
11320:
11317:
11315:
11312:
11311:
11310:
11309:United States
11307:
11305:
11302:
11300:
11297:
11295:
11292:
11288:
11285:
11284:
11283:
11280:
11278:
11275:
11273:
11270:
11269:
11266:
11262:
11255:
11250:
11248:
11243:
11241:
11236:
11235:
11232:
11226:
11223:
11221:
11218:
11215:
11212:
11211:
11189:
11185:
11179:
11172:
11171:
11165:
11154:
11148:
11141:
11140:
11134:
11119:
11115:
11109:
11102:
11101:
11095:
11094:
11082:, 20 Nov 2013
11081:
11080:The Telegraph
11077:
11073:
11070:
11065:
11058:
11054:
11050:
11047:
11042:
11023:
11016:
11010:
10995:
10989:
10985:
10984:
10976:
10960:
10956:
10950:
10934:
10930:
10924:
10905:
10898:
10892:
10885:
10879:
10873:, p. 12.
10872:
10867:
10851:
10847:
10846:
10839:
10837:
10820:
10816:
10810:
10808:
10788:
10781:
10775:
10759:
10755:
10749:
10742:
10737:
10733:
10730:
10722:
10702:
10698:
10694:
10687:
10683:
10677:
10661:
10657:
10651:
10644:
10639:
10632:
10627:
10619:
10613:
10607:
10602:
10596:
10591:
10584:
10579:
10577:
10569:
10564:
10562:
10560:
10558:
10551:
10547:
10544:
10536:
10530:
10526:
10523:
10515:
10509:
10505:
10502:
10494:
10488:
10484:
10481:
10473:
10464:
10458:
10454:
10447:
10432:
10430:0-89925-356-3
10426:
10422:
10421:
10413:
10405:
10401:
10394:
10387:
10386:archive.today
10383:
10380:
10375:
10356:
10349:
10343:
10327:
10323:
10317:
10301:
10297:
10291:
10275:
10271:
10265:
10249:
10245:
10238:
10222:
10218:
10214:
10208:
10206:
10189:
10185:
10181:
10175:
10159:
10155:
10149:
10133:
10129:
10123:
10121:
10113:
10108:
10106:
10104:
10084:
10077:
10071:
10052:
10045:
10039:
10033:, p. 83.
10032:
10027:
10021:, p. 84.
10020:
10015:
10009:, p. 67.
10008:
10003:
9996:
9991:
9984:
9979:
9972:
9967:
9960:
9955:
9948:
9943:
9936:
9931:
9929:
9921:
9916:
9909:
9904:
9897:
9892:
9885:
9880:
9874:, p. 88.
9873:
9868:
9861:
9856:
9850:, p. 85.
9849:
9844:
9838:, p. 87.
9837:
9832:
9826:, p. 78.
9825:
9820:
9818:
9816:
9814:
9812:
9810:
9808:
9799:
9795:
9791:
9788:(in French).
9787:
9783:
9776:
9768:
9761:
9753:
9746:
9738:
9734:
9730:
9727:(in French).
9726:
9722:
9715:
9696:
9689:
9682:
9675:
9670:
9668:
9661:, p. 75.
9660:
9655:
9653:
9645:
9640:
9624:
9620:
9614:
9607:
9602:
9600:
9598:
9590:
9585:
9583:
9581:
9573:
9569:
9565:
9561:
9558:Mak, Lanver.
9555:
9548:
9544:
9540:
9536:
9532:
9529:Mak, Lanver.
9526:
9519:
9515:
9511:
9507:
9504:Mak, Lanver.
9501:
9499:
9491:
9486:
9484:
9482:
9465:
9461:
9455:
9439:
9435:
9429:
9413:
9409:
9403:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9373:
9369:
9362:
9360:
9340:
9333:
9327:
9325:
9323:
9321:
9319:
9317:
9315:
9298:
9294:
9288:
9286:
9284:
9282:
9262:
9255:
9248:
9241:
9236:
9234:
9232:
9225:, p. 73.
9224:
9219:
9213:, p. 79.
9212:
9207:
9205:
9203:
9201:
9199:
9192:, p. 30.
9191:
9186:
9184:
9182:
9180:
9178:
9176:
9174:
9172:
9170:
9168:
9151:
9147:
9141:
9139:
9137:
9135:
9133:
9131:
9129:
9112:
9108:
9102:
9086:
9082:
9076:
9074:
9054:
9047:
9041:
9025:
9021:
9015:
8999:
8995:
8989:
8973:
8969:
8963:
8947:
8941:
8925:
8921:
8915:
8913:
8911:
8909:
8907:
8905:
8888:
8884:
8878:
8862:
8858:
8852:
8850:
8848:
8846:
8844:
8842:
8840:
8838:
8836:
8834:
8832:
8830:
8828:
8826:
8824:
8822:
8820:
8818:
8816:
8814:
8812:
8795:
8791:
8785:
8766:
8759:
8753:
8737:
8733:
8727:
8708:
8701:
8695:
8676:
8669:
8663:
8644:
8637:
8631:
8615:
8611:
8607:
8601:
8582:
8575:
8569:
8558:
8551:
8535:
8531:
8525:
8509:
8505:
8499:
8483:
8479:
8473:
8457:
8453:
8447:
8431:
8427:
8421:
8405:
8399:
8383:
8379:
8375:
8369:
8350:
8343:
8337:
8335:
8333:
8331:
8314:
8310:
8304:
8302:
8300:
8298:
8296:
8294:
8274:
8267:
8261:
8245:
8241:
8235:
8233:
8231:
8229:
8227:
8225:
8223:
8221:
8219:
8217:
8215:
8213:
8211:
8209:
8207:
8205:
8203:
8201:
8199:
8190:
8184:
8180:
8179:
8171:
8152:
8145:
8139:
8137:
8135:
8133:
8131:
8129:
8127:
8125:
8123:
8121:
8101:
8094:
8093:
8086:
8084:
8082:
8080:
8078:
8076:
8074:
8066:
8061:
8059:
8057:
8055:
8046:
8040:
8024:
8020:
8014:
7995:
7988:
7982:
7980:
7972:
7967:
7960:
7955:
7953:
7936:
7932:
7928:
7922:
7906:
7902:
7896:
7880:
7874:
7858:
7857:
7852:
7846:
7831:
7827:
7821:
7814:
7810:
7804:
7800:
7781:
7777:
7774:
7768:
7761:
7757:
7754:
7748:
7741:
7737:
7734:
7728:
7721:
7717:
7714:
7708:
7701:
7697:
7694:
7688:
7679:
7670:
7661:
7654:
7650:
7647:
7641:
7634:
7630:
7627:
7621:
7612:
7605:
7601:
7598:
7592:
7585:
7579:
7577:
7575:
7573:
7571:
7569:
7567:
7565:
7563:
7561:
7559:
7557:
7555:
7553:
7551:
7549:
7547:
7545:
7543:
7538:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7449:
7443:
7438:
7428:
7425:
7421:
7417:
7416:
7411:
7407:
7403:
7399:
7393:
7389:
7383:
7373:
7371:
7370:Luxembourgish
7367:
7363:
7357:
7353:
7343:
7341:
7337:
7331:
7321:
7319:
7314:
7310:
7306:
7301:
7297:
7291:
7281:
7279:
7275:
7271:
7267:
7263:
7257:
7247:
7245:
7241:
7237:
7233:
7229:
7225:
7219:
7215:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7196:
7192:
7189:) and in the
7188:
7184:
7180:
7176:
7172:
7166:
7160:
7144:
7135:
7131:
7127:
7124:
7120:
7119:
7111:
7109:
7105:
7101:
7092:
7083:
7081:
7075:
7065:
7062:
7058:
7053:
7050:
7046:
7042:
7032:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7012:
7010:
7006:
7002:
6997:
6995:
6991:
6987:
6983:
6973:
6971:
6965:
6955:
6952:
6948:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6924:
6914:
6912:
6908:
6904:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6883:
6879:
6869:
6867:
6863:
6859:
6855:
6851:
6847:
6843:
6839:
6835:
6831:
6827:
6823:
6813:
6811:
6805:
6790:
6788:
6783:
6779:
6769:
6768:
6756:South America
6753:
6751:
6747:
6743:
6739:
6735:
6731:
6727:
6723:
6719:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6703:
6697:
6693:
6689:
6685:
6680:
6678:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6662:
6653:
6648:
6641:United States
6638:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6615:
6610:
6604:
6602:
6598:
6594:
6589:
6587:
6583:
6579:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6563:
6559:
6558:New Brunswick
6555:
6550:
6548:
6544:
6538:
6534:
6522:North America
6519:
6517:
6513:
6509:
6505:
6499:
6489:
6487:
6483:
6479:
6474:
6472:
6468:
6464:
6460:
6459:French Guiana
6454:
6439:
6437:
6431:
6420:
6410:
6408:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6379:
6377:
6372:
6368:
6362:
6352:
6350:
6345:
6341:
6338:in 1916. The
6337:
6331:
6321:
6319:
6315:
6309:
6298:
6288:
6285:
6281:
6277:
6271:
6261:
6259:
6255:
6251:
6245:
6235:
6233:
6229:
6223:
6213:
6210:
6206:
6200:
6190:
6188:
6182:
6172:
6169:
6165:
6159:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6136:
6126:
6124:
6118:
6108:
6105:
6101:
6095:
6085:
6083:
6077:
6067:
6064:
6061:and 60.5% in
6060:
6055:
6051:
6045:
6035:
6033:
6029:
6023:
6013:
6011:
6007:
6003:
5997:
5987:
5985:
5981:
5976:
5972:
5966:
5956:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5933:socioeconomic
5930:
5929:sociocultural
5926:
5916:
5912:
5910:
5909:mother tongue
5906:
5861:
5852:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5838:
5833:
5830:
5826:
5822:
5817:
5815:
5809:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5788:
5787:
5780:
5779:
5772:
5771:
5764:
5761:
5757:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5740:
5737:
5731:
5725:
5715:
5712:
5706:
5696:
5694:
5690:
5684:
5682:
5678:
5673:
5671:
5667:
5666:lingua franca
5663:
5653:
5651:
5646:
5645:
5638:
5637:
5630:
5629:
5622:
5621:
5614:
5612:
5608:
5607:spoils of war
5604:
5599:
5595:
5590:
5589:lingua franca
5586:
5581:
5579:
5575:
5571:
5566:
5564:
5558:
5556:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5529:
5505:
5502:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5493:United States
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5474:
5471:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5462:United States
5452:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5440:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5431:United States
5421:
5419:
5418:New Hampshire
5416:
5415:
5412:
5409:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5400:United States
5390:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5378:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5369:United States
5359:
5357:
5356:Massachusetts
5354:
5353:
5350:
5347:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5338:United States
5328:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5307:United States
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5223:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5102:
5099:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4978:
4975:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4894:
4892:
4891:New Brunswick
4889:
4888:
4885:
4882:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4850:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4778:United States
4768:
4767:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4749:
4738:
4737:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4564:
4563:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4390:
4389:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4274:
4273:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4255:Liechtenstein
4245:
4244:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4013:
4012:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3907:Cote d'Ivoire
3897:
3896:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3444:
3434:
3424:
3414:
3406:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3379:United States
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3348:United States
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:United States
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3090:
3088:
3087:New Caledonia
3085:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3008:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2935:
2933:
2932:French Guiana
2930:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2811:
2809:
2808:New Brunswick
2806:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2745:
2733:
2728:
2719:
2718:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2624:United States
2614:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:Guinea-Bissau
1337:
1336:
1332:
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1193:
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1189:World Atlas
1188:
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1180:
1169:
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1155:
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769:
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748:
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731:
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724:
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719:
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684:
683:
679:
676:
673:
671:
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635:
631:
628:
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623:
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583:
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564:
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559:
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310:
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304:
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287:
283:
269:
268:North America
259:
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231:
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207:
202:
193:
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145:
103:
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94:
90:
88:
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69:
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57:
53:
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45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
19:
11720:
11703:Swahili list
11459:Francophonie
11453:
11260:
11195:. Retrieved
11188:the original
11169:
11156:. Retrieved
11138:
11125:. Retrieved
11118:the original
11099:
11079:
11064:
11056:
11041:
11029:. Retrieved
11009:
10999:10 September
10997:. Retrieved
10982:
10975:
10963:. Retrieved
10959:the original
10949:
10937:. Retrieved
10933:the original
10923:
10911:. Retrieved
10904:the original
10891:
10883:
10878:
10866:
10854:. Retrieved
10844:
10823:. Retrieved
10819:the original
10794:. Retrieved
10774:
10762:. Retrieved
10748:
10721:
10708:. Retrieved
10701:the original
10692:
10676:
10664:. Retrieved
10650:
10638:
10626:
10612:
10601:
10590:
10535:
10514:
10493:
10472:
10452:
10446:
10434:. Retrieved
10419:
10412:
10403:
10393:
10374:
10362:. Retrieved
10355:the original
10342:
10330:. Retrieved
10325:
10316:
10304:. Retrieved
10299:
10290:
10278:. Retrieved
10264:
10252:. Retrieved
10247:
10237:
10225:. Retrieved
10221:the original
10216:
10192:. Retrieved
10188:the original
10183:
10174:
10162:. Retrieved
10148:
10136:. Retrieved
10090:. Retrieved
10070:
10058:. Retrieved
10038:
10026:
10014:
10002:
9990:
9978:
9966:
9954:
9942:
9915:
9903:
9891:
9879:
9867:
9855:
9843:
9831:
9789:
9785:
9775:
9766:
9760:
9751:
9745:
9728:
9724:
9714:
9702:. Retrieved
9695:the original
9681:
9639:
9627:. Retrieved
9613:
9559:
9554:
9530:
9525:
9505:
9468:. Retrieved
9464:the original
9454:
9442:. Retrieved
9436:. Le Monde.
9428:
9416:. Retrieved
9410:. Geopolis.
9402:
9390:. Retrieved
9371:
9346:. Retrieved
9339:the original
9301:. Retrieved
9268:. Retrieved
9247:
9218:
9154:. Retrieved
9150:the original
9115:. Retrieved
9111:the original
9101:
9089:. Retrieved
9085:the original
9060:. Retrieved
9053:the original
9040:
9028:. Retrieved
9014:
9002:. Retrieved
8988:
8976:. Retrieved
8972:the original
8962:
8950:. Retrieved
8940:
8928:. Retrieved
8891:. Retrieved
8877:
8865:. Retrieved
8861:the original
8798:. Retrieved
8794:the original
8784:
8772:. Retrieved
8752:
8740:. Retrieved
8736:the original
8726:
8714:. Retrieved
8707:the original
8694:
8682:. Retrieved
8662:
8650:. Retrieved
8630:
8618:. Retrieved
8609:
8600:
8588:. Retrieved
8568:
8550:
8538:. Retrieved
8524:
8512:. Retrieved
8498:
8486:. Retrieved
8482:the original
8472:
8460:. Retrieved
8446:
8434:. Retrieved
8420:
8408:. Retrieved
8398:
8386:. Retrieved
8377:
8368:
8356:. Retrieved
8349:the original
8317:. Retrieved
8280:. Retrieved
8273:the original
8260:
8248:. Retrieved
8177:
8170:
8158:. Retrieved
8107:. Retrieved
8100:the original
8091:
8039:
8027:. Retrieved
8023:the original
8013:
8001:. Retrieved
7994:the original
7966:
7939:. Retrieved
7935:the original
7930:
7921:
7909:. Retrieved
7895:
7883:. Retrieved
7873:
7861:. Retrieved
7854:
7845:
7833:. Retrieved
7829:
7820:
7812:
7808:
7803:
7767:
7747:
7727:
7707:
7687:
7678:
7669:
7660:
7640:
7620:
7611:
7591:
7482:Hispanophone
7440:
7413:
7400:(along with
7395:
7388:Swiss French
7364:, alongside
7359:
7333:
7300:Aosta Valley
7293:
7290:Aosta Valley
7259:
7221:
7203:
7185:, which are
7183:East Cantons
7168:
7138:
7134:adding to it
7129:
7097:
7077:
7054:
7038:
7018:
6998:
6979:
6967:
6944:
6941:
6928:
6926:
6911:Chandannagar
6900:
6892:
6885:
6819:
6807:
6775:
6764:
6730:Métis French
6720:
6688:Cajun French
6681:
6658:
6612:
6611:, under the
6605:
6590:
6551:
6540:
6501:
6475:
6465:, including
6456:
6433:
6380:
6364:
6333:
6311:
6276:Antananarivo
6273:
6247:
6225:
6202:
6184:
6161:
6138:
6120:
6097:
6079:
6047:
6025:
6002:Burkina Faso
5999:
5990:Burkina Faso
5968:
5953:Camfranglais
5921:
5902:
5834:
5818:
5811:
5765:
5741:
5733:
5708:
5685:
5674:
5659:
5615:
5610:
5603:Kateb Yacine
5582:
5574:social media
5567:
5559:
5555:white collar
5531:
5480:Rhode Island
5273:
5232:Aosta Valley
4658:
4632:South Africa
4154:Asia/Europe
3951:Asia/Europe
3675:Burkina Faso
3574:Australasia
3456:
3404:
3242:Aosta Valley
2739:
2731:
2682:2009 census
2562:2001 census
2538:2014 census
2514:2010 census
2453:
2418:2017 census
2269:2013 census
2197:2012 census
2173:2010 census
2029:2002 census
1957:2012 census
1885:2014 census
1861:2011 census
1813:2014 census
1741:2013 census
1693:2009 census
1669:2018 census
1525:2011 census
1501:2014 census
1405:2011 census
1285:2010 census
1237:2002 census
1154:Metropolitan
1112:2011 census
776:2003 census
728:2009 census
656:2016 census
632:2005 census
584:2008 census
550:Burkina Faso
488:2013 census
416:2011 census
368:2008 census
292:
281:
229:
213:
205:
86:
80:
68:Francophonie
65:
37:
35:
31:Francophonie
26:
18:Francophones
11688:Esperantujo
11671:Malay world
11654:Persosphere
11319:New England
10726:(in French)
10436:14 November
10280:22 February
10092:1 September
9792:: 115–124.
8857:"Languages"
7941:30 December
7885:25 November
7881:(in French)
7835:28 November
7418:, of which
7398:Switzerland
7376:Switzerland
7270:Guernésiais
7045:World War I
6982:Philippines
6976:Philippines
6951:Francophone
6903:Pondicherry
6716:New England
6385:except for
6250:Ivory Coast
6238:Ivory Coast
6145:Brazzaville
6006:Ouagadougou
5845:Tunivisions
5594:Arabisation
5563:alternating
5542:Constantine
5387:Connecticut
5276:Switzerland
4922:Nova Scotia
4661:Switzerland
3443:Switzerland
3335:Puerto Rico
3286:Netherlands
2456:Switzerland
2322:OIF survey
2245:OIF survey
2211:Saint Lucia
1923:Netherlands
1909:OIF survey
1837:OIF survey
1765:OIF survey
1549:OIF survey
1491:Ivory Coast
1453:OIF survey
1357:OIF survey
1088:OIF survey
1064:OIF survey
968:OIF survey
680:OIF survey
187:OIF figures
98:L2-speakers
52:Middle Ages
11698:Tamil list
11666:Indosphere
11630:Arab world
11564:Macedonian
11515:Anglophone
11409:Portuguese
11401:Iberophone
10856:5 November
10364:9 December
10332:3 December
10227:3 December
10194:3 December
9568:1848857098
9539:1848857098
9514:1848857098
8610:Ethnologue
8378:Ethnologue
8319:13 October
8311:. UNdata.
7971:ODSEF 2022
7927:"Discours"
7790:References
7584:World Bank
7502:Russophone
7497:Persophone
7487:Indosphere
7472:Arabophone
7467:Anglophone
7346:Luxembourg
7278:vernacular
7214:Toubon Law
7212:See also:
7043:following
6876:See also:
6746:New France
6625:reside in
6496:See also:
6471:Martinique
6467:Guadeloupe
6451:See also:
6428:See also:
6417:See also:
6413:Seychelles
6359:See also:
6328:See also:
6306:See also:
6295:See also:
6280:Madagascar
6268:See also:
6264:Madagascar
6242:See also:
6220:See also:
6209:Libreville
6197:See also:
6179:See also:
6133:See also:
6115:See also:
6092:See also:
6074:See also:
6042:See also:
6020:See also:
5980:Atlantique
5925:vernacular
5794:La Vie éco
5756:Casablanca
5728:See also:
5711:Mauritania
5703:See also:
5699:Mauritania
5201:Puducherry
4854:Reference
4848:Percentage
4822:Melanesia
4603:Seychelles
4342:Madagascar
4313:Luxembourg
4085:66,740,000
3476:Percentage
3025:Martinique
2994:Guadeloupe
2771:Reference
2765:Percentage
2604:11,281,136
2312:Seychelles
1899:Mozambique
1879:13,456,845
1851:Montenegro
1731:Mauritania
1659:Madagascar
1635:Luxembourg
1471:11,796,508
1255:12,242,129
1159:63,958,684
1034:72,110,821
814:Costa Rica
670:Cape Verde
650:11,060,585
626:11,490,652
362:14,903,789
182:Statistics
66:The terms
46:alongside
11642:Sinophone
11586:Ukrainian
11482:Romanian
11414:Lusophone
11324:Louisiana
11314:Minnesota
11158:4 January
9731:: 11–19.
9022:. Insee.
8996:. Insee.
8952:8 January
8488:7 October
8410:8 January
7795:Citations
7507:Sinophone
7492:Lusophone
7240:contracts
7236:education
7029:Singapore
7021:Singapore
7015:Singapore
6937:Christian
6888:Hong Kong
6872:Hong Kong
6862:Guangdong
6830:Guangzhou
6761:Argentina
6738:voyageurs
6734:habitants
6673:Louisiana
6482:St. Lucia
6447:Caribbean
6291:Mauritius
6104:N'Djamena
5760:Marrakech
5294:Louisiana
5280:1,606,029
5001:6,540,735
4836:Territory
4782:1,307,742
4665:1,791,115
4400:Mauritius
4284:Lithuania
3766:7,651,360
3621:4,194,000
3559:Australia
3482:Reference
3304:Louisiana
2887:7,666,000
2856:1,530,440
2794:4,658,000
2756:Territory
2628:2,179,246
2532:6,321,391
2508:3,554,266
2460:5,889,496
2388:5,471,670
2263:4,640,365
2143:2,281,829
2095:2,546,977
1951:3,362,988
1927:3,306,754
1755:Mauritius
1687:3,702,660
1663:7,729,277
1611:Lithuania
1591:2,539,554
1495:9,324,605
1375:4,906,073
1327:3,776,680
1183:1,865,225
1058:3,204,706
794:3,518,464
722:2,249,023
698:1,435,061
578:1,073,506
554:5,403,610
482:4,306,099
458:8,814,948
434:1,166,035
216:July 2024
60:chivalric
50:, in the
11738:Category
11722:Category
11277:Cambodia
11072:Archived
11057:BBC News
11049:Archived
11031:21 April
11022:Archived
11015:"EUROPA"
10871:OIF 2014
10850:Archived
10787:Archived
10758:Archived
10738: –
10732:Archived
10660:Archived
10643:OIF 2014
10631:OIF 2014
10583:OIF 2014
10568:OIF 2014
10546:Archived
10525:Archived
10504:Archived
10483:Archived
10404:NOLA.com
10382:Archived
10306:22 April
10274:Archived
10164:22 March
10158:Archived
10138:22 March
10132:Archived
10112:OIF 2014
10083:Archived
10051:Archived
10031:OIF 2014
10019:OIF 2014
10007:OIF 2014
9995:OIF 2014
9983:OIF 2014
9971:OIF 2014
9959:OIF 2014
9947:OIF 2014
9935:OIF 2014
9920:OIF 2014
9908:OIF 2014
9896:OIF 2014
9884:OIF 2014
9872:OIF 2014
9848:OIF 2014
9836:OIF 2014
9824:OIF 2014
9704:28 April
9674:OIF 2014
9659:OIF 2014
9644:OIF 2014
9629:26 April
9623:Archived
9606:OIF 2014
9589:OIF 2014
9490:OIF 2014
9470:29 April
9444:26 April
9438:Archived
9418:26 April
9412:Archived
9392:26 April
9386:Archived
9303:28 March
9297:Archived
9270:29 April
9261:Archived
9240:OIF 2014
9223:OIF 2014
9211:OIF 2014
9190:OIF 2014
9156:21 April
9062:27 April
9024:Archived
8998:Archived
8924:Archived
8893:26 April
8887:Archived
8867:26 April
8774:28 March
8765:Archived
8742:28 March
8716:26 April
8675:Archived
8652:26 April
8643:Archived
8614:Archived
8581:Archived
8540:28 March
8534:Archived
8514:26 April
8508:Archived
8462:31 March
8456:Archived
8436:26 April
8430:Archived
8382:Archived
8358:31 March
8313:Archived
8282:28 March
8244:Archived
8240:"French"
8151:Archived
8065:OIF 2014
8003:28 March
7959:OIF 2022
7911:29 April
7905:Archived
7863:19 April
7776:Archived
7756:Archived
7736:Archived
7716:Archived
7696:Archived
7649:Archived
7629:Archived
7600:Archived
7446:See also
7415:Romandie
7392:Romandie
7274:Jèrriais
7262:Guernsey
7250:Guernsey
7179:Wallonia
7175:Wallonia
7141:May 2022
7106:, after
7057:Damascus
6810:Cambodia
6798:Cambodia
6692:Acadiana
6576:and the
6562:Manitoba
6545:, after
6478:Dominica
6461:and the
6442:Americas
6399:Diourbel
6387:Kaffrine
6284:Malagasy
6187:Djibouti
6175:Djibouti
6168:Kinshasa
6050:Cameroon
6038:Cameroon
5984:Littoral
5943:jargon "
5849:Le Temps
5691:and the
5644:Le Matin
5620:El Watan
5578:Facebook
5015:Manitoba
4860:Flanders
4845:speakers
3994:Djibouti
3733:Cambodia
3473:speakers
2742:May 2022
2480:Thailand
2408:Suriname
2360:Slovenia
2336:Slovakia
2091:Portugal
2019:Paraguay
1030:DR Congo
982:Dominica
958:Djibouti
742:Colombia
622:Cameroon
598:Cambodia
526:Bulgaria
11574:Russian
11510:English
11471:Italian
11438:Catalan
11426:Spanish
11331:Vietnam
11304:Morocco
11299:Lebanon
11272:Algeria
11216:(ODSEF)
11127:5 April
11090:Sources
10913:7 April
10825:7 April
10796:7 April
10764:28 June
10666:7 April
10467:, p. 19
10060:9 April
9348:8 April
9117:3 April
9091:3 April
9030:2 April
9004:2 April
8930:3 April
8800:3 April
8684:9 April
8620:2 March
8590:8 April
8388:2 March
8160:8 April
7646:Geostat
7597:StatBel
7424:cantons
7410:Romansh
7406:Italian
7171:Belgium
7153:Belgium
7114:Andorra
7080:Vietnam
7068:Vietnam
7049:English
7005:Spanish
6992:in the
6947:Lebanon
6917:Lebanon
6907:Karikal
6854:Guangxi
6842:Tianjin
6787:Spanish
6669:Chinese
6665:Spanish
6661:English
6631:Central
6619:Ontario
6609:Ontario
6597:Nunavut
6584:or the
6582:Eastman
6547:English
6486:Grenada
6391:Kaolack
6367:Senegal
6355:Senegal
6254:Abidjan
6232:Conakry
6123:Comoros
6111:Comoros
6063:Yaoundé
6054:regions
6032:Kirundi
6028:Burundi
6016:Burundi
5975:Cotonou
5949:Abidjan
5941:Ivorian
5814:Tunisia
5802:Tunisia
5778:TelQuel
5736:Morocco
5718:Morocco
5636:Liberté
5534:Algeria
5522:Algeria
5449:Vermont
5311:119,931
5263:Romandy
5170:Réunion
5139:Mayotte
5121:Finland
5108:Uusimaa
5046:Alberta
4970:597,000
4953:Ontario
4908:240,455
4877:367,000
4873:Belgium
4839:Country
4807:Vanuatu
4764:Europe
4753:147,000
4734:Africa
4719:Tunisia
4705:Africa
4676:Europe
4647:Africa
4618:Africa
4589:Africa
4574:Senegal
4560:Africa
4531:Europe
4502:Africa
4473:Africa
4458:Morocco
4444:Europe
4415:Africa
4386:Africa
4357:Africa
4346:101,004
4328:Europe
4299:Europe
4270:Europe
4226:Lebanon
4201:150,000
4183:Europe
4168:Hungary
4139:Georgia
4125:Africa
4114:320,000
4096:Europe
4067:Europe
4052:Finland
4038:Europe
4023:Estonia
4009:Africa
3980:Europe
3922:Africa
3893:Africa
3864:Africa
3849:Comoros
3835:Africa
3806:Africa
3719:Africa
3704:Burundi
3690:Africa
3679:261,000
3661:Africa
3632:Europe
3617:Belgium
3603:Europe
3588:Austria
3545:Europe
3530:Andorra
3516:Africa
3501:Algeria
3467:Country
3433:Belgium
3415:(82.3%)
3135:788,000
3118:Réunion
3104:260,000
3073:147,000
3056:Mayotte
3042:329,000
3011:395,000
2980:276,000
2949:162,000
2839:Ontario
2825:320,000
2790:Belgium
2759:Country
2732:updated
2700:692,983
2696:Vietnam
2676:100,153
2672:Vanuatu
2648:Uruguay
2580:264,153
2552:Ukraine
2528:Tunisia
2484:578,085
2436:844,989
2340:113,621
2292:244,973
2285:(excl.
2259:Senegal
2191:792,815
2167:628,723
2139:Romania
2119:126,751
2071:947,243
1999:167,905
1875:Morocco
1803:Moldova
1759:926,053
1735:655,948
1639:590,896
1587:Lebanon
1543:204,188
1447:527,804
1423:635,876
1419:Ireland
1399:113,216
1395:Hungary
1351:317,351
1303:754,215
1279:273,795
1251:Germany
1227:Georgia
1207:511,699
1130:437,772
1126:Finland
1102:Estonia
1082:432,705
1010:158,808
962:508,049
938:442,142
934:Denmark
914:233,351
838:Croatia
770:237,140
766:Comoros
602:463,248
574:Burundi
530:157,440
454:Belgium
430:Austria
406:Armenia
382:Andorra
358:Algeria
334:Albania
311:Country
260:(44.1%)
250:(12.7%)
248:Maghreb
240:(41.2%)
206:updated
76:English
11569:Polish
11527:German
11454:French
11282:Canada
11197:31 May
11180:
11149:
11110:
10990:
10965:25 May
10939:25 May
10459:
10427:
9566:
9537:
9512:
8978:25 May
8250:8 July
8185:
8109:31 May
8029:27 May
7420:Geneva
7402:German
7366:German
7336:Jersey
7324:Jersey
7296:France
7266:Norman
7232:France
7224:France
7208:France
7108:German
7086:Europe
7061:Aleppo
6986:French
6860:, and
6858:Hainan
6850:Yunnan
6838:Hankou
6772:Brazil
6667:, and
6599:, and
6554:Quebec
6543:Canada
6527:Canada
6349:Kigali
6336:Rwanda
6324:Rwanda
6318:Niamey
6228:Guinea
6216:Guinea
6059:Douala
6010:Dioula
5945:Nouchi
5896:
5890:
5884:
5878:
5872:
5866:
5825:Sousse
5744:Tanger
5550:Annaba
5512:Africa
5497:11,477
5490:
5459:
5435:24,697
5428:
5404:35,565
5397:
5373:65,874
5366:
5342:47,066
5335:
5304:
5242:
5218:10,600
5211:
5187:65,700
5183:France
5180:
5156:21,000
5152:France
5149:
5118:
5094:63 625
5090:Canada
5087:
5063:68 435
5059:Canada
5056:
5032:51,280
5028:Canada
5025:
4997:Canada
4994:
4984:Quebec
4966:Canada
4963:
4939:31,110
4935:Canada
4932:
4904:Canada
4901:
4870:
4804:
4775:
4745:
4723:11,000
4716:
4687:
4629:
4600:
4578:59,605
4571:
4545:Rwanda
4542:
4516:Poland
4513:
4484:
4462:80,000
4455:
4433:16,500
4429:Monaco
4426:
4404:51,000
4397:
4368:
4339:
4317:57,633
4310:
4291:0.003%
4281:
4252:
4230:16,600
4223:
4194:
4172:18,943
4165:
4146:0.001%
4136:
4107:
4081:France
4078:
4049:
4020:
3998:10,200
3991:
3962:
3936:Cyprus
3933:
3911:17,500
3904:
3882:28,000
3875:
3846:
3817:
3788:
3762:Canada
3759:
3730:
3701:
3672:
3650:16,700
3643:
3614:
3592:10,190
3585:
3563:57,739
3556:
3527:
3505:10,200
3498:
3486:Region
3449:
3445:(2.0%)
3441:
3439:
3435:(5.0%)
3431:
3429:
3425:(9.3%)
3423:Canada
3421:
3419:
3413:France
3411:
3409:
3376:
3345:
3321:84,163
3314:
3283:
3259:72,000
3252:
3228:11,000
3224:France
3221:
3193:France
3190:
3162:France
3159:
3131:France
3128:
3100:France
3097:
3069:France
3066:
3038:France
3035:
3007:France
3004:
2976:France
2973:
2945:France
2942:
2918:33,375
2914:France
2911:
2883:Canada
2880:
2870:Québec
2859:11.38%
2852:Canada
2849:
2821:Canada
2818:
2787:
2693:
2679:31.12%
2669:
2645:
2621:
2607:16.47%
2597:
2573:
2556:52,822
2549:
2535:52.47%
2525:
2511:40.94%
2501:
2477:
2463:67.13%
2432:Sweden
2429:
2405:
2391:11.71%
2381:
2364:50,042
2357:
2333:
2319:53.00%
2316:52,699
2309:
2287:Kosovo
2283:Serbia
2280:
2266:26.29%
2256:
2242:20.20%
2239:45,984
2232:
2208:
2187:Rwanda
2184:
2163:Russia
2160:
2146:11.99%
2136:
2112:
2098:25.12%
2088:
2067:Poland
2064:
2050:0.001%
2040:
2023:14,612
2016:
1995:Norway
1992:
1975:42,544
1968:
1954:12.89%
1944:
1930:19.21%
1920:
1903:98,822
1896:
1882:35.63%
1872:
1855:12,897
1848:
1834:96.91%
1831:38,549
1827:Monaco
1824:
1807:54,579
1800:
1783:30,184
1779:Mexico
1776:
1762:72.65%
1752:
1738:13.38%
1728:
1714:13.10%
1711:58,158
1704:
1690:17.24%
1680:
1666:26.49%
1656:
1642:91.99%
1632:
1615:62,492
1608:
1594:37.99%
1584:
1567:20,220
1563:Latvia
1560:
1536:
1519:25,517
1515:Kosovo
1512:
1498:33.61%
1488:
1474:19.58%
1464:
1443:Israel
1440:
1426:12.67%
1416:
1392:
1378:42.00%
1368:
1354:15.38%
1344:
1330:27.24%
1323:Guinea
1320:
1299:Greece
1296:
1272:
1258:14.88%
1248:
1231:16,594
1224:
1210:20.00%
1203:Gambia
1200:
1176:
1162:97.52%
1150:France
1147:
1123:
1106:19,200
1099:
1085:28.91%
1075:
1051:
1027:
1003:
979:
955:
931:
907:
890:80,711
886:Cyprus
883:
869:0.003%
859:
842:95,650
835:
811:
797:60.69%
787:
773:35.69%
763:
739:
725:12.92%
715:
701:28.61%
691:
674:61,000
667:
653:28.58%
646:Canada
643:
629:41.17%
619:
595:
571:
557:24.45%
547:
523:
506:25,523
499:
485:33.68%
475:
461:75.55%
451:
437:12.86%
427:
410:10,105
403:
389:70.12%
386:54,315
379:
365:32.86%
355:
338:29,731
331:
274:
270:(0.5%)
266:
264:
256:
254:
246:
244:
238:Europe
236:
234:
174:
168:
162:
156:
150:
136:
130:
124:
118:
112:
106:
11614:Welsh
11604:Irish
11539:Dutch
11447:Other
11191:(PDF)
11174:(PDF)
11143:(PDF)
11121:(PDF)
11104:(PDF)
11025:(PDF)
11018:(PDF)
10907:(PDF)
10900:(PDF)
10790:(PDF)
10783:(PDF)
10710:5 May
10689:(PDF)
10358:(PDF)
10351:(PDF)
10254:5 May
10086:(PDF)
10079:(PDF)
10054:(PDF)
10047:(PDF)
9698:(PDF)
9691:(PDF)
9342:(PDF)
9335:(PDF)
9264:(PDF)
9257:(PDF)
9056:(PDF)
9049:(PDF)
8768:(PDF)
8761:(PDF)
8710:(PDF)
8703:(PDF)
8678:(PDF)
8671:(PDF)
8646:(PDF)
8639:(PDF)
8584:(PDF)
8577:(PDF)
8560:(PDF)
8352:(PDF)
8345:(PDF)
8276:(PDF)
8269:(PDF)
8154:(PDF)
8147:(PDF)
8103:(PDF)
8096:(PDF)
7997:(PDF)
7990:(PDF)
7773:ISTAT
7733:INSEE
7713:INSEE
7626:INSEE
7533:Notes
7284:Italy
7035:Syria
6897:India
6822:China
6816:China
6677:Maine
6601:Yukon
6574:Seine
6512:Haiti
6504:Haiti
6492:Haiti
6407:Daara
6395:Louga
6376:Dakar
6371:Wolof
6316:. In
6314:Niger
6302:Niger
6252:. In
6230:. In
6205:Gabon
6193:Gabon
6004:. In
5971:Benin
5959:Benin
5947:" in
5937:slang
5821:Tunis
5752:Rabat
5670:Cairo
5662:Egypt
5656:Egypt
5538:Alger
5500:1.15%
5469:1.61%
5466:9,543
5438:1.98%
5407:1.05%
5376:1.06%
5345:3.73%
5325:Maine
5283:83.6%
5249:1,500
5245:Italy
5221:0.26%
5214:India
5128:0.17%
5125:2,823
5004:77.7%
4911:32.5%
4811:1,400
4694:3,000
4668:22.5%
4639:0.02%
4636:9,268
4552:0.03%
4549:2,300
4523:0.01%
4520:3,488
4491:6,000
4487:Niger
4378:0.09%
4375:7,000
4349:0.57%
4320:12.1%
4241:Asia
4212:Asia
4204:0.02%
4197:India
4117:15.1%
4110:Gabon
4056:4,402
4030:0.01%
3972:0.02%
3969:2,056
3940:1,139
3853:1,700
3827:0.05%
3824:3,000
3795:9,000
3769:20.8%
3748:Asia
3740:0.01%
3711:0.03%
3708:2,200
3646:Benin
3534:4,200
3508:0.03%
3386:8.60%
3383:8,941
3355:0.03%
3324:1.84%
3293:0.11%
3273:Aruba
3255:Italy
3197:6,000
3166:8,355
2703:0.70%
2655:0.15%
2652:5,096
2631:0.65%
2583:2.62%
2559:0.12%
2487:0.82%
2439:8.27%
2415:0.09%
2384:Spain
2367:2.41%
2343:2.08%
2295:3.58%
2218:1.62%
2215:3,002
2194:5.83%
2170:0.43%
2122:4.25%
2115:Qatar
2074:2.51%
2026:0.20%
2002:3.05%
1978:2.04%
1947:Niger
1906:0.30%
1858:2.05%
1810:1.36%
1786:0.02%
1707:Malta
1618:2.35%
1570:1.09%
1546:2.73%
1522:1.41%
1467:Italy
1450:5.92%
1402:1.18%
1371:Haiti
1306:7.31%
1282:0.85%
1275:Ghana
1234:0.42%
1179:Gabon
1133:7.88%
1109:1.45%
1061:3.02%
1054:Egypt
1013:1.44%
989:9.59%
986:6,936
941:7.51%
917:2.17%
893:6.60%
845:2.36%
821:0.10%
818:5,231
790:Congo
749:0.01%
746:4,636
677:10.8%
605:2.70%
581:8.50%
533:2.30%
509:0.79%
478:Benin
413:0.34%
341:1.04%
48:Latin
11676:list
11659:list
11647:list
11635:list
11579:list
11544:list
11532:list
11520:list
11486:list
11476:list
11464:list
11431:list
11419:list
11294:Laos
11199:2022
11178:ISBN
11160:2023
11147:ISBN
11129:2015
11108:ISBN
11033:2010
11001:2010
10988:ISBN
10967:2013
10941:2013
10915:2015
10858:2012
10827:2015
10798:2015
10766:2015
10712:2007
10668:2015
10457:ISBN
10438:2011
10425:ISBN
10366:2017
10334:2021
10308:2020
10282:2011
10256:2020
10229:2021
10196:2021
10166:2015
10140:2015
10094:2016
10062:2015
9706:2015
9631:2015
9564:ISBN
9535:ISBN
9510:ISBN
9472:2015
9446:2015
9420:2015
9394:2015
9350:2015
9305:2015
9272:2015
9158:2014
9119:2015
9093:2015
9064:2015
9032:2015
9006:2015
8980:2019
8954:2023
8932:2015
8895:2015
8869:2015
8802:2015
8776:2015
8744:2015
8718:2015
8686:2015
8654:2015
8622:2022
8592:2015
8542:2015
8516:2015
8490:2018
8464:2015
8438:2015
8412:2023
8390:2023
8360:2015
8321:2015
8284:2015
8252:2020
8183:ISBN
8162:2015
8111:2022
8031:2023
8005:2015
7943:2017
7913:2015
7887:2023
7865:2022
7837:2021
7693:VNSO
7408:and
7390:and
7368:and
7354:and
7272:and
7216:and
7059:and
6980:The
6970:Laos
6958:Laos
6909:and
6880:and
6793:Asia
6776:The
6765:See
6740:and
6728:and
6675:and
6633:and
6535:and
6436:Togo
6424:Togo
6100:Chad
6088:Chad
5982:and
5931:and
5829:Sfax
5827:and
5758:and
5648:and
5548:and
5546:Oran
5503:2012
5472:2012
5441:2012
5410:2012
5379:2012
5348:2012
5317:2013
5314:2.8%
5286:2013
5255:2003
5252:1.3%
5224:1982
5193:2010
5162:2014
5131:2018
5100:2011
5097:1.4%
5069:2011
5066:2.1%
5038:2011
5035:4.3%
5007:2021
4976:2016
4973:4.3%
4945:2011
4942:3.4%
4914:2011
4883:2009
4880:5.9%
4851:Year
4817:2009
4814:0.6%
4788:2013
4785:0.5%
4759:2011
4756:0.3%
4729:1993
4726:0.1%
4700:1993
4697:0.1%
4690:Togo
4671:2013
4642:1996
4613:2010
4610:0.7%
4584:2002
4581:0.6%
4555:2004
4526:2011
4497:1993
4494:0.1%
4468:2007
4465:0.3%
4439:2014
4410:2018
4381:1998
4371:Mali
4352:2003
4323:2013
4294:2011
4265:2010
4262:0.1%
4236:2004
4233:0.4%
4207:2008
4178:2011
4175:0.2%
4149:2002
4120:2018
4091:2012
4062:2018
4059:0.1%
4033:2011
4004:2006
4001:1.3%
3975:2011
3946:2011
3943:0.1%
3917:1988
3914:0.2%
3888:1993
3885:1.1%
3859:1993
3856:0.4%
3830:1993
3820:Chad
3801:1996
3798:0.3%
3772:2021
3743:2008
3714:2004
3685:2021
3682:1.2%
3656:1993
3653:0.3%
3627:2012
3598:2001
3595:0.1%
3569:2011
3566:0.3%
3540:2005
3537:5.2%
3511:2012
3479:Year
3389:2022
3358:2022
3327:2022
3296:2022
3265:2001
3234:2015
3203:2015
3200:100%
3172:2022
3141:2015
3110:2015
3079:2015
3048:2015
3017:2015
2986:2015
2955:2015
2924:2022
2893:2014
2862:2016
2831:2014
2800:2014
2768:Year
2504:Togo
2043:Peru
1683:Mali
1539:Laos
862:Cuba
718:Chad
38:The
9794:doi
9790:104
9733:doi
9729:104
9376:doi
7334:In
7260:In
7169:In
7136:.
7019:In
6836:),
6820:In
6780:of
6405:or
6274:In
6260:).
5748:Fès
5609:' (
5532:In
5159:10%
4607:650
4436:45%
4088:93%
4027:124
3737:873
3624:38%
3352:849
3290:117
3262:60%
3231:83%
3169:84%
3138:88%
3107:99%
3076:63%
3045:81%
3014:84%
2983:98%
2952:62%
2921:84%
2890:93%
2828:42%
2797:98%
2412:537
2047:371
1186:80%
1037:74%
965:50%
866:339
102:OIF
11740::
11078:,
11055:,
11020:.
10835:^
10806:^
10756:.
10691:.
10684:.
10658:.
10575:^
10556:^
10402:.
10324:.
10298:.
10246:.
10215:.
10204:^
10182:.
10119:^
10102:^
9927:^
9806:^
9784:.
9723:.
9666:^
9651:^
9596:^
9579:^
9572:89
9547:88
9543:87
9518:87
9497:^
9480:^
9384:.
9370:.
9358:^
9313:^
9280:^
9230:^
9197:^
9166:^
9127:^
9072:^
8903:^
8810:^
8612:.
8608:.
8380:.
8376:.
8329:^
8292:^
8197:^
8119:^
8072:^
8053:^
7978:^
7951:^
7929:.
7853:.
7828:.
7541:^
7404:,
7242:;
7100:EU
6905:,
6856:,
6852:,
6844:,
6840:,
6752:.
6736:,
6724:,
6718:.
6706:.
6686:.
6679:.
6663:,
6595:,
6588:.
6488:.
6480:,
6469:,
6012:.
5851:.
5847:,
5843:,
5839:,
5823:,
5798:.
5790:,
5782:,
5774:,
5754:,
5750:,
5746:,
5695:.
5672:.
5640:,
5632:,
5624:,
5544:,
5540:,
5190:8%
4843:L1
4407:4%
4288:95
4259:39
4143:28
3471:L1
3461:.
11365:e
11358:t
11351:v
11253:e
11246:t
11239:v
11201:.
11162:.
11131:.
11035:.
11003:.
10969:.
10943:.
10917:.
10860:.
10829:.
10800:.
10768:.
10714:.
10670:.
10620:.
10465:.
10440:.
10406:.
10368:.
10336:.
10310:.
10284:.
10258:.
10231:.
10198:.
10168:.
10142:.
10096:.
10064:.
9800:.
9796::
9739:.
9735::
9708:.
9633:.
9574:.
9549:.
9545:-
9520:.
9474:.
9448:.
9422:.
9396:.
9378::
9352:.
9307:.
9274:.
9160:.
9121:.
9095:.
9066:.
9034:.
9008:.
8982:.
8956:.
8934:.
8897:.
8871:.
8804:.
8778:.
8746:.
8720:.
8688:.
8656:.
8624:.
8594:.
8562:.
8544:.
8518:.
8492:.
8466:.
8440:.
8414:.
8392:.
8362:.
8323:.
8286:.
8254:.
8191:.
8164:.
8113:.
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