1155:
787:
1407:
1098:
483:
488:
1029:
884:
792:
685:
1150:
1034:
979:
832:
812:
1509:
1345:
1145:
1119:
1039:
433:
1442:
1382:
1228:
1207:
1124:
1076:
1024:
920:
680:
628:
1387:
1264:
1234:
For seminal contributions and landmark advances in optical science and atomic physics, including narrow-band dye lasers, Doppler-free laser spectroscopy, laser cooling of atomic gases, precision spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen, frequency metrology with optical combs, and new physics with cold atoms
634:
In recognition of his pioneering role in the invention of the laser, his continuing originality in the refinement of coherent optical sources, his productive vision in the application of optics to science and technology, his distinguished service to optics education and to the optics community, and
757:
In recognition of a lifetime of pioneering in electrophysiological, psychophysical, and other studies of the visual process; his years of public service in the field of vision; and his genius for inspiring generations of students to create their own distinguished careers in
691:
In recognition of his achievement in establishing the theoretical framework of nonlinear optics, his sustained innovative contributions to the exploration of all aspects in the field of nonlinear optical phenomena, and his successes in the role of teacher and interpreter of
868:
For outstanding contributions to the field of optics and quantum electronics, particularly the first demonstration of optical picosecond pulses using mode-locked lasers, and pioneering contributions to the application of lasers in industry and scientific
732:
In recognition of his contributions to the understanding of the structure and behavior of evaporated thin films and the application of these films to reflective and anti-reflective coatings for both the visible and the ultraviolet spectral
650:
For his many contributions to our understanding of electromagnetic theory and physical optics, particularly for his work in diffraction and the theory of partial coherence, and for his contributions to the tutorial literature as author and
1177:
For numerous seminal contributions and fundamental insights into quantum electronics, including construction of the first maser, the concept of confocal laser resonators, optical solitons, and quantum effects in communications
1046:
For five decades of major contributions to the field of optics, including research, education and administration, but especially for his inspiring creativity in optical physics, from quantum electronics to airborne infrared
1545:
For pioneering contributions in advancing the science and technology of quantitative interferometric metrology, his leadership as an educator and entrepreneur, and his visionary service to the global optics and photonics
1082:
For his pioneering work on the manipulation of particles with light, including the invention of the "optical tweezers" trap and his studies of radiation forces on atoms and for important contributions to nonlinear
1062:
For his leadership and contributions to lightwave science and technology, ranging from fundamental studies of modes in laser resonators to remarkable implementations of advanced optical communications systems.
1479:
For basic contributions and leadership in the development of integrated optics, high-speed optical modulation and switching, and configurable WDM networks that have provided significant economic and societal
1367:
For lifetime leadership in groundbreaking research on all aspects of quantum optics including the quantum theory of the laser, quantum coherence effects, quantum thermodynamics and the foundations of quantum
1448:
For numerous pioneering contributions to the development of ultrafast and ultrahigh intensity laser science and for outstanding leadership of the international and commercial communities impacted by these
707:
For his contributions to thermal solar energy, analysis of the principles of coherently combined, independent telescopes, and the leadership he has given to several major optical and astronomical research
853:
For contribution to the field of quantum electronics, particularly research on unstable resonators and mode-locked lasers, as well as contributions to the education of a generation of optical scientists.
1213:
For development of laser-manipulated quantum engineering at the single-atom level and application of these methods to quantum logic systems, atomic frequency standards, and fundamental tests of quantum
1352:
For pioneering research in high-speed modulators, ridge waveguide lasers and wavelength-division-multiplexed optical networks, and each has had a profound impact on modern communication systems.
906:
For his outstanding technical contributions to the field of coherent optics and for his equally important and continuing contributions to modern optics education and to scientific communication.
1105:
For pioneering work in nonlinear optics, XUV lasers and laser spectroscopy, from electromagnetically induced transparency and lasing without inversion to nonlinear optics at maximal coherence.
1464:
For pioneering and sustained contributions to ultrafast science ranging from femtosecond lasers to soft x-ray high-harmonic generation to attosecond studies of atoms, molecules and surfaces.
666:
In recognition of his many unique contributions to the field of optics, including aberration theory, optical design, image evaluation, coherence theory, interferometry, and fiber optics..
1315:
For many important research contributions to quantum optics and optical physics, his leadership as a teacher and educator, and his tireless and visionary service to the optics community.
926:
In recognition of his outstanding contributions to laser frequency stabilization, innovations in high resolution laser spectroscopy, and high accuracy tests of fundamental physical laws.
1515:
For fundamental contributions to ultrafast lasers technology, especially in the development of high peak and average power oscillators and important breakthroughs in attosecond science.
1393:
For carrying out pioneering research on photons and atoms shedding light on the most intriguing quantum phenomena and prompting the development of the new field of quantum information.
1300:
For pioneering contributions to optical science and the commercial development of optical technologies and for wide-ranging leadership activities within the optics community.
1576:
For pioneering contributions and visionary leadership in the field of semiconductor lasers and optoelectronics and a dedication to training and educating future generations.
985:
For his fundamental and seminal contribution to the understanding of quantum noise in optical systems and for a lifetime of dedication to science and engineering education.
1285:
For his immense contribution to optics through pioneering research in quantum optics and by his unique combination of educational, organization and leadership skills.
1334:
343:
2106:
1561:
For pioneering contributions to nonlinear optics, including slow light, quantum imaging and the development of nanocomposite optical materials and metamaterials.
1193:
For pioneering contributions to quantum optics, including the development of the micromaser and the demonstration of Wigner crystallization of laser-cooled ions.
1495:
For diverse and deep contributions to optical science including photonic crystals, strained semiconductor lasers, and new record-breaking solar cell physics.
773:
For his contributions to high resolution Raman spectroscopy, nonlinear optics and the applications of nonlinear optics to atomic and molecular spectroscopy.
1325:
1009:
To recognize fundamental contributions to the understanding of human color vision, and for leadership in teaching and in service to the vision community.
994:
935:
1428:
For pioneering the field of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and for leading the field to widespread medical application and major commercial impact.
1270:
For sustained innovation, discovery and leadership in the interaction of radiation with atoms and for his service and general educational activities.
742:
29:
717:
1154:
786:
965:
In recognition of his contributions to coherence theory and to the fundamental understanding of quantum mechanics and the nature of the photon.
28:
in honor of his father, Frederic Ives. Initially awarded every two years, it has been awarded annually since 1951. The prize is funded by the
1570:
1250:
For laying the foundations of ultrafast science and engineering and providing vision and sustained leadership to the optics community.
1413:
For outstanding contributions to the foundation of the fields of attosecond science, high-harmonic spectroscopy and molecular optics.
950:
In recognition of his many pioneering contributions to the field of nonlinear optics, as well as his service to the optics community.
999:
940:
747:
722:
348:
1865:
Boynton, Robert M. (1 August 1996). "History and current status of a physiologically based system of photometry and colorimetry".
487:
1130:
For his distinguished contributions and monumental role over the past 45 years in creating and developing quantum electronics.
891:
In recognition of his illustrious career in optics and materials sciences and his exemplary service in scientific management..
222:
2138:
482:
1615:
1149:
1033:
978:
831:
811:
432:
1028:
883:
791:
684:
660:
1441:
1381:
1227:
1206:
1123:
1075:
1023:
919:
679:
627:
1530:
For seminal and wide-ranging contributions to optical physics, quantum electronics and nanophotonics.
57:
1386:
1263:
1279:
1118:
1038:
838:
For his numerous pioneering contributions to lasers, optoelectronics, and phase conjugate optics.
1592:
267:
1708:
1681:(2444). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 410–413. 31 October 1941.
1508:
1344:
1144:
1338:
675:
282:
1223:
8:
2107:"St Patrick's Day Science Medal awarded to electrical and computer engineering professor"
1114:
297:
252:
177:
132:
1649:
1140:
862:
847:
767:
623:
383:
207:
192:
1667:
2088:
2057:
2022:
1987:
1952:
1917:
1882:
1847:
1812:
1777:
1690:
1422:
1202:
1093:
1019:
900:
879:
818:
For contributions to modern holography, information processing, and electromagnetics.
533:
72:
2080:
2049:
2014:
1979:
1944:
1909:
1874:
1839:
1804:
1769:
1742:
1682:
1524:
1489:
1473:
1458:
1361:
1309:
578:
548:
503:
428:
1437:
1406:
1097:
24:, recognizing overall distinction in optics. The prize was established in 1928 by
2075:
Cogan, Sarah (2 April 2012). "The
Optical Society Announces 18 Awards for 2012".
1330:
1259:
1187:
1171:
974:
807:
782:
413:
312:
117:
25:
21:
1686:
1555:
1539:
1402:
1294:
1244:
959:
701:
563:
448:
398:
368:
102:
87:
349:
2132:
2092:
2061:
2026:
1991:
1956:
1921:
1886:
1851:
1816:
1781:
1694:
1504:
1071:
593:
518:
478:
327:
162:
1878:
635:
his innovative contributions to the public understanding of optical science.
1843:
1773:
1746:
1377:
915:
237:
798:
For pioneering contributions to holography, lasers, and integrated optics.
827:
463:
147:
1000:
941:
2084:
2053:
2018:
1983:
1948:
1913:
1808:
748:
1653:
1056:
644:
608:
723:
1162:
For pioneering work in the field of semiconductor lasers and LEDs.
1640:"The Award of the Frederic Ives Medal to Professor Nichols".
1760:"W.E. Knowles Middleton: Frederic Ives Medalist for 1959".
1830:
Madden, R. P. (1972). "The
Frederic Ives Medal for 1971".
1935:"Optical Society of America Announces Awards for 1998".
1701:
2130:
1616:"Frederic Ives Medal / Jarus W. Quinn Prize"
1867:Journal of the Optical Society of America A
2040:"OSA names recipients of awards, medals".
1970:"OSA Recognizes Contributions to Optics".
1832:Journal of the Optical Society of America
1762:Journal of the Optical Society of America
1735:Journal of the Optical Society of America
2033:
2099:
1900:"OSA Names Award Recipients for 1996".
1864:
2131:
2068:
1963:
1928:
1893:
1858:
1829:
1788:
1610:
1608:
2074:
1998:
1873:(8). The Optical Society: 1609–1621.
1733:"The Frederic Ives Medal for 1953".
1660:
2013:(11). AIP Publishing: 72–73. 2006.
1605:
13:
2048:(7). AIP Publishing: 75–76. 2007.
1978:(7). AIP Publishing: 67–68. 1999.
1943:(6). AIP Publishing: 87–88. 1998.
14:
2150:
614:For distinguished work in optics.
599:For distinguished work in optics.
584:For distinguished work in optics.
569:For distinguished work in optics.
554:For distinguished work in optics.
539:For distinguished work in optics.
524:For distinguished work in optics.
509:For distinguished work in optics.
494:For distinguished work in optics.
469:For distinguished work in optics.
454:For distinguished work in optics.
439:For distinguished work in optics.
419:For distinguished work in optics.
404:For distinguished work in optics.
389:For distinguished work in optics.
374:For distinguished work in optics.
359:For distinguished work in optics.
333:For distinguished work in optics.
318:For distinguished work in optics.
303:For distinguished work in optics.
288:For distinguished work in optics.
273:For distinguished work in optics.
258:For distinguished work in optics.
243:For distinguished work in optics.
228:For distinguished work in optics.
213:For distinguished work in optics.
198:For distinguished work in optics.
183:For distinguished work in optics.
168:For distinguished work in optics.
153:For distinguished work in optics.
138:For distinguished work in optics.
123:For distinguished work in optics.
108:For distinguished work in optics.
93:For distinguished work in optics.
78:For distinguished work in optics.
63:For distinguished work in optics.
2005:"OSA hands out awards, medals".
1908:(3). AIP Publishing: 119. 1996.
1803:(12). AIP Publishing: 69. 1961.
1507:
1440:
1405:
1385:
1380:
1343:
1262:
1226:
1205:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1122:
1117:
1096:
1074:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
977:
918:
882:
830:
810:
790:
785:
683:
678:
626:
486:
481:
431:
1823:
1753:
1726:
1633:
1:
1598:
35:
20:is the highest award of the
7:
1768:(February 2): 93–96. 1960.
1687:10.1126/science.94.2444.410
1668:"SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND NEWS"
1586:
10:
2155:
2139:Awards of Optica (society)
1709:"William Weber Coblentz"
1879:10.1364/josaa.13.001609
1795:"Frederic Ives Medal".
344:W. E. Knowles Middleton
1844:10.1364/JOSA.62.000927
1774:10.1364/JOSA.50.000093
1747:10.1364/JOSA.44.000095
1642:The Scientific Monthly
1593:List of physics awards
268:Irvine Clifton Gardner
32:Ives Medal Endowment.
1713:The Coblentz Society
1648:(6): 571–574. 1929.
1235:in optical lattices.
676:Nicolaas Bloembergen
283:Edward Olson Hulburt
1620:The Optical Society
1115:Alexander Prokhorov
298:John Donovan Strong
253:Harrison M. Randall
178:William W. Coblentz
18:Frederic Ives Medal
2079:. AIP Publishing.
1741:(2): 95–96. 1954.
1141:Nick Holonyak, Jr.
863:Anthony J. DeMaria
848:Anthony E. Siegman
768:Boris P. Stoicheff
624:Arthur L. Schawlow
384:Seibert Q. Duntley
208:George R. Harrison
193:William F. Meggers
2111:Engineers Journal
2085:10.1063/pt.4.0408
2054:10.1063/1.2761812
2019:10.1063/1.2435655
1984:10.1063/1.2802804
1949:10.1063/1.2805863
1914:10.1063/1.2807554
1809:10.1063/1.3057299
1581:
1580:
1423:James G. Fujimoto
1326:Ivan Paul Kaminow
1224:Theodor W. Hänsch
1203:David J. Wineland
1094:Stephen E. Harris
1020:Charles H. Townes
995:Robert M. Boynton
936:Robert W. Terhune
901:Joseph W. Goodman
880:C. Kumar N. Patel
661:Harold H. Hopkins
549:A. Francis Turner
534:Robert E. Hopkins
58:Edward L. Nichols
2146:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1672:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1612:
1525:Federico Capasso
1511:
1490:Eli Yablonovitch
1474:Rod C. Alferness
1459:Margaret Murnane
1444:
1409:
1389:
1384:
1362:Marlan O. Scully
1348:
1347:
1342:
1310:Joseph H. Eberly
1266:
1230:
1209:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1126:
1121:
1101:
1100:
1078:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1005:
1002:
981:
946:
943:
922:
887:
886:
834:
814:
794:
789:
753:
750:
728:
725:
687:
682:
630:
579:Rudolf Kingslake
504:Edward U. Condon
490:
485:
435:
429:Gerhard Herzberg
355:
354:
351:
40:
39:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2113:. 20 March 2018
2105:
2104:
2100:
2073:
2069:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1863:
1859:
1828:
1824:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1601:
1589:
1328:
1324:
1280:Peter L. Knight
1260:Daniel Kleppner
1188:Herbert Walther
1172:James P. Gordon
1139:
1092:
1018:
997:
975:Hermann A. Haus
938:
878:
808:Emmett N. Leith
783:Herwig Kogelnik
745:
743:Lorrin A. Riggs
720:
414:Ralph A. Sawyer
346:
342:
313:Arthur C. Hardy
133:August H. Pfund
118:Herbert E. Ives
38:
26:Herbert E. Ives
22:Optical Society
12:
11:
5:
2152:
2142:
2141:
2125:
2124:
2098:
2067:
2032:
1997:
1962:
1927:
1892:
1857:
1838:(8): 927–930.
1822:
1787:
1752:
1725:
1700:
1659:
1632:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1556:Robert W. Boyd
1553:
1549:
1548:
1542:
1540:James C. Wyant
1537:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1445:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1403:Paul B. Corkum
1400:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1295:Robert L. Byer
1292:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1245:Erich P. Ippen
1242:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1210:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1006:
992:
988:
987:
982:
972:
968:
967:
962:
960:Leonard Mandel
957:
953:
952:
947:
933:
929:
928:
923:
913:
909:
908:
903:
898:
894:
893:
888:
876:
872:
871:
865:
860:
856:
855:
850:
845:
841:
840:
835:
825:
821:
820:
815:
805:
801:
800:
795:
780:
776:
775:
770:
765:
761:
760:
754:
740:
736:
735:
729:
715:
711:
710:
704:
702:Aden B. Meinel
699:
695:
694:
688:
673:
669:
668:
663:
658:
654:
653:
647:
642:
638:
637:
631:
621:
617:
616:
611:
606:
602:
601:
596:
591:
587:
586:
581:
576:
572:
571:
566:
564:R. Clark Jones
561:
557:
556:
551:
546:
542:
541:
536:
531:
527:
526:
521:
516:
512:
511:
506:
501:
497:
496:
491:
476:
472:
471:
466:
461:
457:
456:
451:
449:James G. Baker
446:
442:
441:
436:
426:
422:
421:
416:
411:
407:
406:
401:
399:Max Herzberger
396:
392:
391:
386:
381:
377:
376:
371:
369:Richard Tousey
366:
362:
361:
356:
340:
336:
335:
330:
325:
321:
320:
315:
310:
306:
305:
300:
295:
291:
290:
285:
280:
276:
275:
270:
265:
261:
260:
255:
250:
246:
245:
240:
235:
231:
230:
225:
220:
216:
215:
210:
205:
201:
200:
195:
190:
186:
185:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
103:George E. Hale
100:
96:
95:
90:
88:Robert W. Wood
85:
81:
80:
75:
73:Theodore Lyman
70:
66:
65:
60:
55:
51:
50:
47:
44:
37:
34:
30:Jarus W. Quinn
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2151:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2077:Physics Today
2071:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2042:Physics Today
2036:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2007:Physics Today
2001:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1972:Physics Today
1966:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1937:Physics Today
1931:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1902:Physics Today
1896:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1797:Physics Today
1791:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1604:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1584:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1505:Ursula Keller
1503:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:technologies.
1446:
1443:
1439:
1438:Gérard Mourou
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1072:Arthur Ashkin
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1003:
996:
993:
990:
989:
986:
983:
980:
976:
973:
970:
969:
966:
963:
961:
958:
955:
954:
951:
948:
944:
937:
934:
931:
930:
927:
924:
921:
917:
914:
911:
910:
907:
904:
902:
899:
896:
895:
892:
889:
885:
881:
877:
874:
873:
870:
866:
864:
861:
858:
857:
854:
851:
849:
846:
843:
842:
839:
836:
833:
829:
826:
823:
822:
819:
816:
813:
809:
806:
803:
802:
799:
796:
793:
788:
784:
781:
778:
777:
774:
771:
769:
766:
763:
762:
759:
755:
751:
744:
741:
738:
737:
734:
730:
726:
719:
718:Georg H. Hass
716:
713:
712:
709:
705:
703:
700:
697:
696:
693:
689:
686:
681:
677:
674:
671:
670:
667:
664:
662:
659:
656:
655:
652:
648:
646:
643:
640:
639:
636:
632:
629:
625:
622:
619:
618:
615:
612:
610:
607:
604:
603:
600:
597:
595:
594:David MacAdam
592:
589:
588:
585:
582:
580:
577:
574:
573:
570:
567:
565:
562:
559:
558:
555:
552:
550:
547:
544:
543:
540:
537:
535:
532:
529:
528:
525:
522:
520:
519:David H. Rank
517:
514:
513:
510:
507:
505:
502:
499:
498:
495:
492:
489:
484:
480:
479:Edwin H. Land
477:
474:
473:
470:
467:
465:
462:
459:
458:
455:
452:
450:
447:
444:
443:
440:
437:
434:
430:
427:
424:
423:
420:
417:
415:
412:
409:
408:
405:
402:
400:
397:
394:
393:
390:
387:
385:
382:
379:
378:
375:
372:
370:
367:
364:
363:
360:
357:
352:
345:
341:
338:
337:
334:
331:
329:
328:Deane B. Judd
326:
323:
322:
319:
316:
314:
311:
308:
307:
304:
301:
299:
296:
293:
292:
289:
286:
284:
281:
278:
277:
274:
271:
269:
266:
263:
262:
259:
256:
254:
251:
248:
247:
244:
241:
239:
236:
233:
232:
229:
226:
224:
223:Brian O'Brien
221:
218:
217:
214:
211:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
194:
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
164:
163:Loyd A. Jones
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
104:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
74:
71:
68:
67:
64:
61:
59:
56:
53:
52:
48:
45:
42:
41:
33:
31:
27:
23:
19:
2115:. Retrieved
2110:
2101:
2076:
2070:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1716:. Retrieved
1712:
1703:
1678:
1674:
1662:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1623:. Retrieved
1619:
1582:
1575:
1560:
1544:
1529:
1514:
1494:
1478:
1463:
1447:
1427:
1412:
1392:
1378:Alain Aspect
1366:
1351:
1314:
1299:
1284:
1269:
1249:
1233:
1212:
1192:
1176:
1161:
1129:
1104:
1081:
1061:
1045:
1008:
984:
964:
949:
925:
916:John L. Hall
905:
890:
867:
852:
837:
817:
797:
772:
756:
731:
706:
690:
665:
649:
633:
613:
598:
583:
568:
553:
538:
523:
508:
493:
468:
453:
438:
418:
403:
388:
373:
358:
332:
317:
302:
287:
272:
257:
242:
238:Ira S. Bowen
227:
212:
197:
182:
167:
152:
137:
122:
107:
92:
77:
62:
17:
15:
1571:Kenichi Iga
1329: [
998: [
939: [
828:Amnon Yariv
746: [
721: [
464:George Wald
347: [
148:Selig Hecht
1599:References
1546:community.
1368:mechanics.
1214:mechanics.
1047:astronomy.
46:Recipient
36:Recipients
2117:8 October
2093:1945-0699
2062:0031-9228
2027:0031-9228
1992:0031-9228
1957:0031-9228
1922:0031-9228
1887:1084-7529
1852:0030-3941
1817:0031-9228
1782:0030-3941
1718:8 October
1695:0036-8075
1625:7 October
1057:Tingye Li
869:research.
645:Emil Wolf
609:Ali Javan
49:Citation
2133:Category
1587:See also
1583:Source:
1178:systems.
1001:Wikidata
942:Wikidata
749:Wikidata
733:regions.
724:Wikidata
708:centers.
692:science.
350:Wikidata
1675:Science
1480:impact.
1083:optics.
758:vision.
651:editor.
2091:
2060:
2025:
1990:
1955:
1920:
1885:
1850:
1815:
1780:
1693:
1652:
1671:(PDF)
1654:14859
1650:JSTOR
1567:2024
1552:2023
1536:2022
1521:2021
1341:]
1004:]
945:]
752:]
727:]
353:]
43:Year
2119:2018
2089:ISSN
2058:ISSN
2023:ISSN
1988:ISSN
1953:ISSN
1918:ISSN
1883:ISSN
1848:ISSN
1813:ISSN
1778:ISSN
1720:2018
1691:ISSN
1627:2018
1501:2020
1486:2019
1470:2018
1455:2017
1434:2016
1419:2015
1399:2014
1374:2013
1358:2012
1321:2011
1306:2010
1291:2009
1276:2008
1256:2007
1241:2006
1220:2005
1199:2004
1184:2003
1168:2002
1136:2001
1111:2000
1089:1999
1068:1998
1053:1997
1015:1996
991:1995
971:1994
956:1993
932:1992
912:1991
897:1990
875:1989
859:1988
844:1987
824:1986
804:1985
779:1984
764:1983
739:1982
714:1981
698:1980
672:1979
657:1978
641:1977
620:1976
605:1975
590:1974
575:1973
560:1972
545:1971
530:1970
515:1969
500:1968
475:1967
460:1966
445:1965
425:1964
410:1963
395:1962
380:1961
365:1960
339:1959
324:1958
309:1957
294:1956
279:1955
264:1954
249:1953
234:1952
219:1951
204:1949
189:1947
174:1945
159:1943
144:1941
129:1939
114:1937
99:1935
84:1933
69:1931
54:1929
16:The
2081:doi
2050:doi
2015:doi
1980:doi
1945:doi
1910:doi
1875:doi
1840:doi
1805:doi
1770:doi
1743:doi
1683:doi
2135::
2109:.
2087:.
2056:.
2046:60
2044:.
2021:.
2011:59
2009:.
1986:.
1976:52
1974:.
1951:.
1941:51
1939:.
1916:.
1906:49
1904:.
1881:.
1871:13
1869:.
1846:.
1836:62
1834:.
1811:.
1801:14
1799:.
1776:.
1766:50
1764:.
1739:44
1737:.
1711:.
1689:.
1679:94
1677:.
1673:.
1646:29
1644:.
1618:.
1607:^
1339:pt
1337:;
1335:ar
1333:;
1331:de
2121:.
2095:.
2083::
2064:.
2052::
2029:.
2017::
1994:.
1982::
1959:.
1947::
1924:.
1912::
1889:.
1877::
1854:.
1842::
1819:.
1807::
1784:.
1772::
1749:.
1745::
1722:.
1697:.
1685::
1656:.
1629:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.