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A new partition plan was prepared by the League of
Nations and was adopted by the Conference of Ambassadors, the successor of the Supreme Council of the Principal Allied Powers, on 20 October 1921. That plan was due to enter into effect by 20 June 1922, but it still created a situation in which some
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On 20 June 1922, the division according to the plan of the
Conference of the Ambassadors became effective. Germany had to accept the loss of its coal-bearing land and was left with the economically-unimportant West Upper Silesia although Silesian coal was then highly relevant to the German economy.
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The two states made little use of the commission, with only 18 complaints over the years. However, Calonder, who was active in protecting minority rights, handled more than 3,400 minority right cases by individuals and groups. His opinions were non-binding on the contracting states and were not
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Erpelding, Michel. "Local
International Adjudication: The Groundbreaking ‘Experiment’ of the Arbitral Tribunal for Upper Silesia" In: M. Erpelding, B. Hess, H. Ruiz Fabri (Eds.), Peace Through Law: The Versailles Peace Treaty and Dispute Settlement After World War I. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2019,
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led to the suspension of anti-Jewish legislation in German Upper
Silesia until 1937. Individuals also made wide use of the Arbitral Tribunal, which solved more than 4,000 cases. Its wide-ranging powers included a procedure, known as "evocation", which prefigured the
163:, a commission for Polish affairs was created to prepare proposals for the Polish borders. In its first two proposals (on 27 March 1919 and of 7 May 1919), most of the future province was ceded to Poland, together with the region of
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Irurzun
Montoro, Fernando. "¿La cuestión de interpretación ante el tribunal arbitral de la alta silesia (1922–1937) como antecedente de la cuestión prejudicial europea?" (2017) 63 Revista Española de Derecho Europeo
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in World War I, the population of Upper
Silesia was to hold a plebiscite to determine the division of the province between Poland and Germany, with the exception of a 333 km (129 sq mi) area around
33:
214:. The conference had the aims of alleviating the economic consequences of the partition of the highly-industrialised region and guaranteeing minority rights in both Polish and German Upper Silesia.
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inhabitants of the area. Poland won 41% of the votes in the plebiscite, and a plan for the division of Upper Silesa was then made. that led to a new phase of the
Silesian Uprisings, the so-called
254:. The part of Silesia that was awarded to Poland was by far the best-developed and richest region of the newly formed state and produced most of Poland's industrial output.
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270:, was set up as a quasi-judicial body to arbitrate disputes for a 15-year interim period until 1937. The Mixed Commission was headquartered in the Polish-held
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along ethnic lines. However, it deal was not approved by the
Czechoslovak government in Prague. Poland held elections in the entire disputed area, and in the
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rural territories that had voted for Poland were granted to
Germany, and some urban territories that had voted for Germany were granted to Poland.
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266:(or "Mixed Commission for Upper Silesia"), composed of an equal number of Polish and German delegates and headed by a neutral Swiss president,
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The planned plebiscite was not organised in the
Teschen region but was held in most of the other parts of Upper Silesia. On 28 July 1920, the
454:"Stoßtruppfakultät Breslau": Rechtswissenschaft im "Grenzland Schlesien" 1933–1945 (Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts).
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HARRINGTON, JOSEPH F. "The League of Nations and the Upper Silesian boundary dispute, 1921-1922." The Polish Review (1978): 86-101.
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decided that the easternmost Upper Silesian areas should become an autonomous area within Poland, organised as the
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In 1921, a convention in Geneva to regulate the conditions in Upper Silesia took place under the chairmanship of
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as a constituency and Silesian Voivodeship Council as the executive body. A central political figure was
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Defending the Rights of Others: The Great Powers, the Jews, and International Minority Protection.
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Erpelding, Michel. "Upper Silesian Mixed Commission." Max Planck Institute Luxembourg, 2017.
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divided Teschen Silesia between Poland and Czechoslovakia along the present-day border.
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Völkerrechtsprechung: Ausgewählte Entscheidungen zum Völkerrecht in Retrospektive.
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in 1920 despite its German-speaking majority. The plebiscite, organised by the
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278:(or "Arbitral Tribunal for Upper Silesia"), headquartered in the German-held
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194:. The result of the 1921 referendum was legally nonbinding and was ignored.
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Tajny front na granicy cieszyńskiej. Wywiad i dywersja w latach 1919–1939
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Tajny front na granicy cieszyńskiej. Wywiad i dywersja w latach 1919–1939
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Jörg Menzel, Tobias Pierlings, and Jeannine Hoffmann (eds.),
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Das Jahrhundert verstehen: Eine universalhistorische Deutung.
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always followed, but they had an effect. In particular, the
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In 1918, various proposals emerged defining the division of
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Full Text of the German–Polish Convention on Upper Silesia
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Convention germano-polonaise relative à la Haute Silésie
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and presided over by the Belgian international lawyer
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483:"Minority Rights as an International Question,"
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495:New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
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178:Before it took place on 20 March 1921, two
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368:Upper Silesia Plebiscite: A Brief History
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21:German–Polish Convention on Upper Silesia
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498:Stanisław Zahradnik, Marek Ryczkowski,
223:The major part of Silesia remaining in
558:Treaties of the Second Polish Republic
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258:Mixed Commission and Arbitral Tribunal
227:was reorganised into the provinces of
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182:had been organised and instigated by
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202:Geneva Convention of 15 May 1922
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486:Contemporary European History,
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382:Oxford University Press, 1942.
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122:local self-government councils
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171:successfully suggested for a
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543:League of Nations treaties
301:European Court of Justice
64:territory after the 1921
378:* Georges Kaeckenbeeck,
151:Upper Silesia Plebiscite
108:), which was granted to
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130:Polish–Czechoslovak War
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299:procedure before the
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106:Hultschiner Ländchen
93:Treaty of Versailles
528:1921 in Switzerland
466:Edward Długajczyk,
463:Mohr Siebeck, 2005.
456:Mohr Siebeck, 2011.
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248:Silesian Parliament
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323:History of Silesia
318:East Upper Silesia
297:preliminary ruling
210:, a member of the
192:Battle of Annaberg
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169:David Lloyd George
533:League of Nations
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159:. At the
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