Gianni Schicchi - Knowledge

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brother-in-law Betto, and Zita's nephew Rinuccio. Betto mentions a rumour he has heard that Buoso has left everything to a monastery; this disturbs the others and precipitates a frantic search for the will. The document is found by Rinuccio, who is confident that his uncle has left him plenty of money. He withholds the will momentarily and asks Zita to allow him to marry Lauretta, daughter of Gianni Schicchi, a newcomer to Florence. Zita replies that if Buoso has left them rich, he can marry whom he pleases; she and the other relatives are anxious to begin reading the will. A happy Rinuccio sends little Gherardino to fetch Schicchi and Lauretta.

310:, but is put off doing so by his son, Simone. Once it is too late, Simone fears that Buoso, before his illness, may have made a will unfavourable to him. Simone calls on Schicchi for advice, and Schicchi has the idea of impersonating Buoso and making a new will. Simone promises Schicchi he will be well rewarded, but Schicchi takes no chances, "leaving" a considerable sum and Buoso's mule to himself (though most goes to Simone), and makes the bequests conditional on Simone's distributing the estate within fifteen days, otherwise everything will go to charity. 1768: 732:("Run to the notary"); having established in the doctor's mind that Buoso is still alive, Schicchi will disguise himself as Buoso and dictate a new will. All are delighted with the scheme, and importune Schicchi with personal requests for Buoso's various possessions, the most treasured of which are "the mule, the house and the mills at Signa". A funeral bell rings, and everyone fears that the news of Buoso's death has emerged, but it turns out that the bell is tolling for the death of a neighbour's 960: 5601: 4199: 4210: 5629: 760:, as there is no bar to their marriage since Schicchi can now provide a respectable dowry. Schicchi, returning, stands moved at the sight of the two lovers. He turns to the audience and asks them to agree that no better use could be found for Buoso's wealth: although the poet Dante has condemned him to hell for this trick, Schicchi asks the audience to forgive him in light of "extenuating circumstances." 1678:, and a short, formal woodwind statement that represents Donati's will. Rinuccio sings the name "Gianni Schicchi" to a jaunty four-note phrase which becomes Schicchi's personal motif, and it is heard again as Schicchi knocks on the door before his first appearance. The best-known theme in the opera, that associated with Lauretta, is introduced in the second part of Rinuccio's aria 704:("You're mistaken"), after which Schicchi and Lauretta arrive. Schicchi quickly grasps the situation, and Rinuccio begs him for help, but Schicchi is rudely told by Zita to "be off" and take his daughter with him. Rinuccio and Lauretta listen in despair as Schicchi announces that he will have nothing to do with such people. Lauretta makes a final plea to him with 1724:, as both are masterpieces of operatic comedy from composers more usually associated with tragedy. Both composers took the conventions of comic opera into consideration, choosing a baritone for the principal role, setting the tenor-soprano love story against family opposition to the marriage, and constructing a hoax that permits the happy ending. 840:, although he did not wholly abandon the idea of a multiple-opera evening. His next idea in this vein, some years later, was for a two-opera bill, one tragic and one comic; he later expanded this to include a third opera with a mystic or religious tone. By November 1916 Puccini had completed the "tragic" element, which became 1700:) as Schicchi mulls over the will, constitute interruptions in the Romantic style, delivered during a lengthy sequence of non-Romantic music. Another interruption, both dramatically and musically, is that provided by the appearance of Doctor Spinelloccio. The doctor's dissonant harmonies contrast sharply with the 1666:

Puccini's score is built around a series of motifs that recur through the opera, generally representing characters, situations and moods though sometimes without specific associations. The opening motif is a rapid burst of rhythmic music, described by Greenfield as of "almost Stravinskian sharpness",

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together with a Russian ballet presentation. Puccini retorted, "This is a real betrayal", but in the end gave in and permitted the performance. Puccini, however, was still convinced that the three works should be performed together and that his original conception was being "brutally torn to pieces".

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As they read, the relatives' worst fears are soon realised; Buoso has indeed bequeathed his fortune to the monastery. They break out in woe and indignation and turn to Simone, the oldest present and a former mayor of Fucecchio, but he can offer no help. Rinuccio suggests that only Gianni Schicchi can

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The notary arrives, and Schicchi starts to dictate the new will, declaring any prior will null and void. To general satisfaction, he allocates the minor bequests, but when it comes to the mule, the house and the mills, he orders that these be left to "my devoted friend Gianni Schicchi". Incredulous,

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became an immediate hit, while the other two operas were received with less enthusiasm. This pattern was broadly repeated at the Rome and London premieres and led to commercial pressures to abandon the less successful elements. Although on artistic grounds Puccini opposed performing the three operas

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With the trilogy complete, Puccini had to decide on a place for the premiere. In 1918, travel was risky and uncertain. Puccini received an offer from Buenos Aires which he refused, unwilling to have so complex a work first performed overseas in his absence. He finally agreed that the premiere could

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Budden dismisses the view that Lauretta's aria, at the midpoint of the opera, was a concession to popular taste; rather, "its position at the turning point of the action is precisely calculated to provide a welcome moment of lyrical repose". Andrew Davis, in his book on Puccini's late style, notes

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In fact, Puccini was at first less than enthusiastic about the idea for this comic opera – Florence as a setting did not appeal to him, and he feared the public would have little interest in the subject. However, he soon became interested and did some work on the piece even while composing

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First, Schicchi establishes that no one other than those present knows that Buoso is dead. He then orders the body removed to another room. A knock announces the arrival of the doctor, Spinelloccio. Schicchi conceals himself behind the bed curtains, mimics Buoso's voice, and declares that he is

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The story takes place in Florence, 1299. As Buoso Donati lies dead in his curtained four-poster bed, his relatives gather round to mourn his passing, but are really more interested in learning the contents of his will. Among those present are his cousins Zita and Simone, his poor-relation

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Puccini had long considered writing a set of one-act operas which would be performed together in a single evening, but faced with a lack of suitable subjects and opposition from his publisher, he repeatedly put the project aside. However, by 1916 Puccini had completed the one-act tragedy

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the family can do nothing while the lawyer is present, especially when Schicchi slyly reminds them of the penalties that discovery of the ruse will bring. Their outrage when the notary leaves is accompanied by a frenzy of looting as Schicchi chases them out of what is now his house.

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has written that in this opera Puccini's comic skill is "seen at its most spontaneous, incorporating smoothly all the characteristic harmonic devices of his later period." Greenfield remarks on the score's inventiveness, imagination and flawless timing. Several critics have likened

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gave a positive review to the Woody Allen 2008 production, which is set in a crowded tenement in which the boy Gherardino is practising knife thrusts. However, the critic questioned Allen's altered ending, in which Schicchi is stabbed by Zita as he addresses the audience.

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Canto XXX. In that canto, Dante visits the Circle of Impersonators and sees a man savagely attacking another: he is told that the attacker is Schicchi, condemned to Hell for impersonating Buoso Donati and making Donati's will highly favorable to Schicchi.

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advance quite startling elements of novelty. Nothing that contemporary art has produced escapes the studious and astute Giacomo Puccini." Gasco also stated that while many critics were waiting for the first two operas with their fists drawn,

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Both Schicchi and Buoso Donati were historical characters. Dante's verses, and the opera, are based on an actual incident that took place in 13th century Florence. Dante had several reasons for his harsh treatment of Schicchi: Dante's wife,

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considered the opera to be "a rollicking, madcap scherzo, overflowing with merry deviltries ... And the last shall be first." Huneker praised De Luca as "a most engaging rascal, fit for a minor niche in Moliere's gallery". The

714:("Oh, my dear papa"), and he agrees to look at the will. After twice scrutinizing it and concluding that nothing can be done, an idea occurs to him. He sends his daughter outside so that she will be innocent of what is to follow. 736:

servant. The relatives agree to leave the disposition of the mule, the house and the mills to Schicchi, though each, in turn, offers him a bribe. The women help him to change into Buoso's clothes as they sing the lyrical trio

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advise them what to do, but this is scorned by Zita and the rest, who sneer at Schicchi's humble origins and now say that marriage to the daughter of such a peasant is out of the question. Rinuccio defends Schicchi in an aria

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Although the score is through-composed, within the general structure of the opera there are several identifiable numbers: four solos given to the three main characters, a trio and a brief love duet. Only Lauretta's

1207:, feeling that the audience disliked it. In fact, Higgins would never stage it again. Puccini vociferously objected, as did his longtime London friend, Sybil Seligman, to no avail. Higgins then decided to remove 1671:

suggests that it "keeps us perpetually suspended between the comic and the tragic". Other principal motifs include the theme associated with the lovers Rinuccio and Lauretta, introduced in Rinuccio's first solo

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refers to its "dissonant modernity", with simultaneous clashing chords suggesting that "Puccini was beginning to think in bi-tonal terms". Alongside these dissonant passages are others which opera scholar

318:, was of the Donati family; the poet himself was of pure Florentine descent. He despised members of the peasant class such as Schicchi. Dante's class prejudice displays itself in several episodes in the 2750: 1644:

movement of a three-movement symphony. With the fast-moving pace of the work, the set pieces are given a simpler melodic structure than those in the other two parts of the triptych. On stage, with the

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was particularly prominent in the 1950s and 1960s. He first sang the role of Schicchi in the Rome production in 1951; in subsequent years he appeared in further Rome seasons, in Bologna, and at

932:, in which Puccini lost a sister, distracted him from his work. The first draft was completed on 20 April 1918, and Puccini continued to refine and orchestrate it through the summer of 1918. 185:(The Triptych) – three one-act operas with contrasting themes, originally written to be presented together. Although it continues to be performed with one or both of the other 5426: 3061: 2947: 2351: 1114:, a future general manager of the Met. Johnson later recalled that, at the composer's request, he had dragged a mock-reluctant Puccini from the wings to acknowledge the house's applause. 809:

premiered in 1904, Puccini again had difficulty finding a new subject. He further considered the idea of composing three one-act operas to be performed together but found his publisher,

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which quickly transforms into a mock-solemn dirge depicting the hypocritical grief of the Donati relatives. This juxtaposition of the humorous and the solemn pervades the opera; critic

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heroines, a feat she repeated later that season, on tour, and when the three operas were again presented by the Met in 1981. When the production was revived again by the Met in 1989,

233:, a comedy, completes the triptych with a further contrast of mood. The score combines elements of Puccini's modern style of harmonic dissonance with lyrical passages reminiscent of 1976:, was still being discussed nearly 50 years later as the classic performance, with Gobbi's singing at a standard rarely equalled. Among more recent recordings, that of the complete 1617:

critic Mark Swed deemed Allen's production one of the top ten moments in classical music for 2008, and applauded it for "hilarious wit and engaging musicality". Allen Rich of

322:: in one, three noble Florentines, who have died and gone to Hell, ask Dante for news of their home city. A disgusted Dante tells them that the city is now dominated by the 5418: 2490: 1777: 726:

feeling better; he asks the doctor to return that evening. Boasting that he has never lost a patient, Spinelloccio departs. Schicchi then unveils his plan in the aria

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to Maestro Puccini some days ago. He has declared himself – kind as he is – very satisfied ... I have also finished a brief outline of a plot based on

821:, a project frustrated by the librettist's illness. Puccini wrote in November 1905, "Will we go back to it? If I find three one-act works that suit me, I'll put off 828:

In March 1907, Puccini wrote to Carlo Clausetti, Ricordi's representative in Naples, proposing three one-act operas based on scenes from stories by Russian novelist

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which, despite a public notice forbidding encores, was repeated through popular insistence. The only singer to appear in all three works was American soprano

813:, firmly opposed to such a project, convinced that it would be expensive to cast and produce. The composer then planned to work with his longtime librettist, 2806: 1023:, W.J. Henderson called it "one of the most delightful bits ever put upon the Met stage". The undoubted "pearl of the evening", he said, was Lauretta's aria 1428: 743:("Undress, little boy"). Before taking his place in the bed, Schicchi warns the company of the grave punishment for those found to have falsified a will: 3434: 2885: 1948: 3000: 1623:

praised the piece, though he disliked Allen's idea of beginning the opera with a montage of old film clips, with credits featuring mock-Italian names.

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was a nationalist newspaper, and praised Puccini for returning to an Italian subject "after so many useless Japanese, American, Parisian digressions".

5581: 5576: 2088: 306:, which contained an appendix with a commentary attributed to an anonymous Florentine of the 14th century. In this version, Buoso wishes to make a 2727: 1331:

in the original form, combining the Melano production with new productions for the other two operas by the same director. The 1975 performance of

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Modern productions, including those in an updated context, have been generally well received. Describing the 2004 Glyndebourne pairing with

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in the title role "a masterpiece of monstrous vulgarity". In the 2009 revival of this production, Schicchi was sung by Thomas Allen, while

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were present, and called Puccini to their box to give him their congratulations. With Toscanini not considered, Puccini hoped that Sir

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would gain a place in the Covent Garden repertoire, but soon learned that the opera house's director, Henry V. Higgins, had removed

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The Metropolitan Opera joined in the dismemberment: after 1920, it would not again present the three operas together until 1975.

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returned to the Met in 1926, after Puccini's death, shorn of the other two parts of its operatic triptych, but instead mated to

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references, a humorous atmosphere is established from the very beginning. However, the music itself is of the 20th century;

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essentially completed by November 1899, Puccini sought a new project. Among sources he considered, before proceeding with

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updated the action to a shabby 1940s Italy of "unemptied chamber pots, garish floral wallpaper and damp ceilings", with

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The one-act opera genre had become increasingly popular in Italy following the 1890 competition sponsored by publisher

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on 17 December with the same cast, before returning to New York for five more performances during the 1918/19 season.

5310: 4378: 3656: 3597: 3575: 3554: 3528: 3486: 3444: 3423: 2560: 1684:. The theme is briefly played on clarinet and violin as Lauretta enters with Schicchi, before its full expression in 1074:. Puccini wrote Tito Ricordi that the rehearsals were going slowly, but that the orchestra sounded fine, at least in 277: 22: 2623: 5659: 5586: 3707: 3683: 1947:

reviewer as "extraordinary". One of the earliest recordings, a Turin Radio 1950 broadcast performance conducted by

1252: 1080:. The Italian premiere, more important to Puccini than the New York world premiere, took place on 11 January 1919. 1283:. In 1952, Novak's sets were revised by Wilhelm von Wymetal in a production which remained in service until 1958. 940:

in New York, without his being there, on the basis of performing instructions which he supplied to the conductor.

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and, after considering various ideas, he began work the following year on the solemn, religious, all-female opera

5679: 5546: 5391: 1245:. The 1926 production, by Wilhelm von Wymetal, featured sets by Joseph Novak. In the following years at the Met, 862:, or with other two-act operas which might be used to round out the evening's entertainment. Finally, librettist 5326: 5087: 5055: 5047: 3516: 3382: 1725: 2875: 5458: 5251: 4232: 3742: 1606:

performance "a triumph of ensemble directing and playing, ... wickedly observed, sharp, focussed and funny".

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in the title role, was filmed for television in association with various international broadcasters, such as

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By 1920 Puccini was facing increasing pressure, not only from impresarios but also from his publishing firm,

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music for Schicchi and symbolise Spinelloccio's place as an outsider to the dramatic action of the opera.

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felt that the three works comprised a unified whole, but feared that Puccini was becoming less inventive.

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its first new production since 1926. The production, by Fabrizio Melano, was paired with the Met debut of

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critic was also amused by Marto Malatesta as "The 'Kid' Gherardino, who is spanked by the irate family".

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to be "too rough a piece of recording to be warmly recommended". By contrast, the 1958 recording under

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except as the original triptych, by 1920 he had given his reluctant consent to separate performances.

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sang Lauretta in Carlo Maestrini's production. Gobbi directed and sang in the 1969 production at the

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In 1919, Puccini visited London to discuss plans for the following year's Covent Garden premiere of

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said of Puccini, early in the latter's career, that "the symphonic element dominates in him", and

1492:, no other woman opera singer in the world has sung a baritone role in a professional production. 5654: 5104: 4831: 4736: 4706: 4666: 4458: 4008: 3798: 3538: 3066: 2952: 2546: 1761:, the best-known of the solos, is separable from its context and can be sung as a concert piece. 1508: 1489: 1424: 721:

The relatives listen to the reading of the will. From the original Metropolitan Opera production.

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described it as "so uproariously funny ... so full of life, humor, and ingenious devices".

5604: 4766: 4701: 4534: 4398: 4373: 1451: 1111: 349:, while his daughter Lauretta, whose romance is nearly foiled by Buoso's relatives, resembles 5554: 5466: 5275: 4896: 4656: 4519: 4509: 4358: 3945: 3851: 3272: 3251: 3214: 3209: 3114: 3009: 1943: 1321: 1270: 835: 832:. By May the composer had set aside this proposal to concentrate on the project which became 825:" Puccini pursued neither project, as Giacosa's illness led to his death in September 1906. 334: 197:

is now more frequently staged either alone or with short operas by other composers. The aria

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was not available as a recording until after the Second World War, a neglect described by a

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Girardi, Michele (2001). "Giacomo (Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria) Puccini (ii)".

1990:(1998) has been generally recommended. There are numerous video recordings now available. 8: 5410: 5211: 4871: 4856: 4368: 4353: 3973: 3952: 1961: 1391: 1234: 863: 164: 80: 2295: 5147: 5120: 4771: 4721: 4641: 4448: 4438: 4418: 3980: 3938: 3608: 2847: 2083: 1793: 1755: 1619: 1518: 1396: 1303: 1155: 979: 937: 888:, contain comic episodes, these are merely ancillary to the drama to provide contrast. 708: 247: 201: 125: 3645: 3342: 2645: 1447: 5493: 5474: 5163: 5064: 4841: 4761: 4726: 4453: 4403: 4151: 4120: 4088: 4062: 4029: 4022: 4015: 3959: 3828: 3652: 3618: 3593: 3571: 3565: 3550: 3524: 3504: 3482: 3462: 3454: 3440: 3419: 3397: 3378: 3356: 3350: 3196: 3101: 3078: 2996: 2964: 2880: 2838: 2597: 1739: 1651: 1613: 1404: 1136: 1019: 929: 601: 564: 427: 354: 286: 234: 1302:, and later that year performed in and directed the same version at the August 1969 5139: 4886: 4801: 4711: 4671: 4562: 4463: 4168: 4145: 3987: 3836: 3713: 3689: 3640: 3474: 3070: 2956: 2802: 1965: 1720: 1708: 1591: 1485: 1316: 1264: 1093: 1010: 818: 814: 794: 769: 442: 147: 21:

This article is about the opera by Giacomo Puccini. For the historical figure, see

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disarmed these "hired assassins" with a "single glance". An anonymous reviewer in

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was a 13th-century Italian knight, a Florentine historical figure mentioned by

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performed the baritone role of the title character, Gianni. According to the

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on 14 December 1918, with Roberto Moranzoni conducting, as the final part of

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to be broken up and presented separately. Opera houses first wanted to omit

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is one of Puccini's best known, and one of the most popular arias in opera.

5633: 5293: 5040: 4901: 4751: 4607: 4587: 4393: 4298: 4178: 3994: 3693: 2843:"At the Los Angeles Opera, Puccini gets a sprinkling of Woody Allen whimsy" 2722: 2686: 1960:, was praised for its lively presentation but was considered by the critic 1797: 1439: 1189:, which had proven the least popular of the three, but some wished to omit 1174: 1128: 848:, but he still lacked ideas for the other two works. He considered staging 499: 315: 3806: 2550: 1278: 883: 331:

According to Burton Fisher, Puccini and Forzano borrowed heavily from the

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was in rehearsal in Rome in preparation for an Italian premiere at the

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Arturo Toscanini, whose appointment to conduct the British premiere of

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Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil

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that Puccini thought might be made into a trilogy of one-act operas.

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that Lauretta's aria and the two interruptions by the young lovers (

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warmly; most reviewers found it to be the best of the three operas.

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Buoso's brother-in-law, poor and shabbily dressed, of uncertain age

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Other early performances included the October 1920 production of

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was again warmly received, more so than the first two operas of

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presented the composer with two works of his own, which became

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Forzano wrote to Tito Ricordi, Giulio's son, on 3 March 1917:

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required few. The principal change was to Rinuccio's arioso,

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The Wood of the Self-Murderers: The Harpies and the Suicides

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The plot used in the opera derives from an 1866 edition of

361:. Doctor Spinelloccio recalls the classic doctor from the 4866: 1640:

has been compared by later analysts to that of the final

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In reviewing the New York premiere, the critics greeted

990:. While the sold-out house showed polite enthusiasm for 3377:(paperback ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1477:, as Simone, celebrated 40 years with the Royal Opera. 2620:"Los Angeles Opera 2005/16 season, Schicchi/Pagliacci" 1728:

cites in particular the trio for three female voices,

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Among the leading singers associated with the opera,

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would form part of a bill with such diverse works as

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s critic, "received with uproarious delight". In the

1275:, and even be incestuously mated with Puccini's own 177:. The work is the third and final part of Puccini's 2807:"The Miserly Knight, Gianni Schicchi, Glyndebourne" 772:for the best such work, which was won by the young 754:Meanwhile, Lauretta and Rinuccio sing a love duet, 263:has subsequently become the most-performed part of 4254: 3644: 3542: 2331: 946:proved to be the last opera completed by Puccini. 5295:Après une Lecture de Dante: Fantasia quasi Sonata 3266:Hope-Wallace, Philip (September 1959). "Puccini: 2910:. Asia One News. 9 September 2008. Archived from 1833:Avete torto! ... Firenze è come un albero fiorito 5641: 1195:as well. Puccini had left London confident that 1135:would conduct the premiere, but he declined and 5670:Opera world premieres at the Metropolitan Opera 3394:Il Trittico, Turandot, and Puccini's Late Style 2489:(10). New York City: Metropolitan Opera Guild. 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 3651:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. 1341:as Lauretta. Scotto also played the two other 404:, who sang Lauretta at the 1918 world premiere 4240: 3743: 3704:, English translation by Edoardo Petri (1918) 3537: 2940: 2938: 1977: 1936: 1908: 1892: 1877: 1861: 1846: 1831: 1752: 1729: 1713: 1695: 1685: 1679: 1673: 1645: 1635: 1601: 1578: 1572: 1566: 1559: 1553: 1552:noted that, "In terms of harmonic technique, 1547: 1541: 1535: 1501: 1418: 1408: 1385: 1369: 1352: 1342: 1332: 1326: 1310: 1268: 1246: 1238: 1228: 1214: 1208: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1184: 1178: 1165: 1159: 1149: 1140: 1118: 1105: 1097: 1087: 1081: 1075: 1065: 1052: 1046: 1040: 1034: 1024: 1003: 997: 991: 983: 973: 964: 941: 919: 913: 902: 896: 875: 867: 855: 849: 841: 833: 785: 777: 755: 738: 727: 705: 699: 376: 362: 340: 332: 264: 258: 251: 241: 228: 220: 212: 198: 192: 186: 178: 136: 65: 3265: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 2961:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.6002278242 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2315: 1868:"Oh, what blockheads! Run to the notary..." 1745: 1540:as a whole a warmer reception but still saw 1276: 1256: 881: 747:of one hand, and then, exile from Florence. 2876:"Best (and worst) of 2008: Classical music" 2290: 2288: 1590:as "flip sides of the same coin", reviewer 1546:as the best of the three. Alberto Gasco of 4247: 4233: 3750: 3736: 3453: 3195: 3100: 2995: 2935: 2908:"High notes for Woody Allen's opera debut" 2021: 2019: 47: 3679:International Music Score Library Project 3549:. Boston: Northeastern University Press. 3396:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 3341: 3285: 3283: 3075:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O010002 3038: 2837: 2801: 2458: 2433: 2431: 1465:The 2007 Royal Opera House production by 393:Sketch for Gianni Schicchi costume (1918) 3567:The Classic Good CD & DVD Guide 2006 3143: 3141: 3139: 3137: 2679: 2581: 2285: 2278: 2276: 2274: 1935:Despite its popularity as a stage work, 1915:"Lauretta mine, here we'll always stay" 958: 716: 396: 388: 272: 5183:Divine Comedy Illustrated by Botticelli 3563: 3515: 3481:. New York: Columbia University Press. 3432: 2944: 2412: 2410: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2070: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2016: 1863:Ah, che zucconi! Si corre dal notaio... 1442:. A 2015 performance, then directed by 1417:making his operatic directing debut in 854:in combination with his own early work 798:, were three works by French dramatist 345:. Schicchi himself recalls the roguish 5642: 3606: 3495: 3410: 3369: 3301: 3280: 3051: 2748: 2712: 2675: 2673: 2545: 2428: 2183: 2181: 2009: 2007: 1423:. The production starred baritone Sir 1325:. The following year, the Met revived 1064:At the time of the New York premiere, 949: 763: 4228: 3731: 3590:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Opera 3584: 3473: 3439:. Chicago: Chicago University Press. 3391: 3191: 3189: 3134: 2471: 2302:from the original on 31 December 2018 2271: 2094:from the original on 8 September 2021 1495: 1223: 954: 146: 5244:As I Was Going Down Sackville Street 2888:from the original on 11 January 2012 2873: 2680:Clements, Andrew (19 October 2009). 2407: 2375: 2055: 3757: 3352:Opera: Composers, Works, Performers 2730:from the original on 3 October 2014 2682:"L'Heure Espagnole/Gianni Schicchi" 2670: 2532:. L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia 2178: 2076:"A world premier of Puccini operas" 2004: 1407:announced that it would be staging 1368:leads in all three operas (Zita in 1123:. This took place on 18 June 1920; 16:1918 comic opera by Giacomo Puccini 13: 3633: 3186: 2855:from the original on 16 April 2009 2582:Westphal, Matthew (22 June 2007). 1766: 1033:, who played one of the lovers in 14: 5706: 5097:Dante's Inferno: An Animated Epic 3696:(scanned books original editions) 3666: 3592:. London: Flame Tree Publishing. 3319:from the original on 15 June 2011 2819:from the original on 5 March 2016 2718:"Puccini floats like a butterfly" 2694:from the original on 9 March 2016 2658:from the original on 3 March 2017 1910:Lauretta mia, staremo sempre qui! 410:Roles, voice types, premiere cast 5627: 5600: 5599: 4208: 4198: 4197: 3413:Opera Classics Library Presents 2749:Kragen, Pam (13 February 2023). 2646:"Internet Movie Database (IMDb)" 2563:from the original on 14 May 2016 2493:from the original on 5 June 2016 2354:from the original on 5 June 2016 1808:Problems playing this file? See 1782: 5690:Operas based on Inferno (Dante) 5392:A Place Where the Sun Is Silent 3411:Fisher, Burton D., ed. (2005). 3292: 3259: 3238: 3229: 3177: 3168: 3159: 3150: 3094: 3029: 2989: 2980: 2926: 2900: 2874:Swed, Mark (20 December 2008). 2867: 2831: 2795: 2786: 2777: 2768: 2742: 2706: 2638: 2612: 2575: 2539: 2514: 2505: 2449: 2440: 2419: 2398: 2389: 2366: 2333:"Metropolitan Opera Broadcast: 2262: 2253: 2244: 2235: 2226: 2217: 2208: 2199: 2190: 2169: 2160: 2151: 2142: 2133: 1145:was received with real warmth. 424:Premiere cast, 14 December 1918 4379:Gianni Schicchi de' Cavalcanti 3521:The Complete Operas of Puccini 3436:Puccini: His International Art 3035:Greenfield (1958), pp. 184–185 2124: 2115: 2106: 2046: 2037: 2028: 1413:in the 2008/2009 season, with 1059:Met's Philadelphia opera house 278:Gianni Schicchi de' Cavalcanti 269:and has been widely recorded. 23:Gianni Schicchi de' Cavalcanti 1: 5459:Paolo and Francesca da Rimini 4984:Pape Satàn, pape Satàn aleppe 2511:Batta and Neef (eds.), p. 483 1993: 1924: 1384:put on a 2004 double bill of 5081:The Deep and Dreamless Sleep 4991:Raphèl mai amècche zabì almi 3564:Roberts, David, ed. (2005). 1139:conducted. Once again, only 375:, are stock characters from 7: 5695:Operas based on real people 3523:. London: Victor Gollancz. 3459:Puccini: Keeper of the Seal 3375:Puccini: His Life and Works 1931:Gianni Schicchi discography 1899:"First, a word of warning" 1382:Glyndebourne Festival Opera 978:was first performed at the 688: 10: 5711: 5252:The System of Dante's Hell 4837:Constance, Queen of Sicily 3720:Woody Allen Production of 3615:Cambridge University Press 3607:Wilson, Alexandra (2007). 3334: 3289:Roberts (ed.), pp. 759–761 2520:Casaglia, Gherardo (2005). 2455:Phillips-Matz, pp. 264–265 2148:Phillips-Matz, pp. 164–165 2139:Phillips-Matz, pp. 163–164 1928: 1734:, as equal to anything in 1484:production, mezzo-soprano 1300:Teatro Comunale di Firenze 115:14 December 1918 20: 5650:Operas by Giacomo Puccini 5595: 5569: 5522: 5485: 5402: 5361: 5286: 5203: 5174: 5131: 5032: 5007: 5000: 4975: 4949: 4800: 4662:Bonconte I da Montefeltro 4620: 4553: 4497: 4474:Ugolino della Gherardesca 4314:Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti 4277: 4268: 4192: 4161: 4142:(great-great-grandfather) 4132: 4073: 4046: 3923: 3774: 3765: 3433:Girardi, Michele (2000). 3298:Sadie (ed.), p. 231. 2932:Greenfield (1958), p. 122 2121:Girardi, p. 200, 372 1984:London Symphony Orchestra 1746:Arias and musical numbers 1659:calls "bland, schoolroom 1008:was, in the words of the 434:Gianni Schicchi (age 50) 110: 94: 86: 76: 58: 46: 35: 30: 3539:Phillips-Matz, Mary Jane 3479:A Short History of Opera 2395:Budden, pp. 377–378, 437 1998: 1968:, with a cast including 1626: 641:Ser Amantio di Nicolao, 384: 246:premiered at New York's 148:[ˈdʒanniˈskikki] 5660:Italian-language operas 5105:La commedia di Amos Poe 4832:Charles Martel of Anjou 4707:Giovanna da Montefeltro 4459:Ruggieri degli Ubaldini 4009:Tu che di gel sei cinta 3461:. London: Arrow Books. 3090:(subscription required) 3067:Oxford University Press 2976:(subscription required) 2953:Oxford University Press 2755:San Diego Union-Tribune 1974:Victoria de los Ángeles 1887:Nella, La Ciesca, Zita 1697:"Addio, speranza bella" 1509:New York Herald Tribune 1490:San Diego Union Tribune 930:1918 influenza pandemic 895:I sent the libretto of 353:. Simone is drawn from 5680:Operas set in Florence 4767:Omberto Aldobrandeschi 4702:Gherardo III da Camino 4399:Guido I da Montefeltro 3392:Davis, Andrew (2010). 2298:. Metropolitan Opera. 2072:Huneker, James Gibbons 1978: 1937: 1909: 1893: 1884:"Undress, little boy" 1878: 1862: 1847: 1832: 1771: 1753: 1731:"Spogliati, bambolino" 1730: 1714: 1696: 1686: 1680: 1674: 1646: 1636: 1602: 1579: 1573: 1567: 1560: 1554: 1548: 1542: 1536: 1502: 1452:Westdeutscher Rundfunk 1419: 1409: 1386: 1370: 1353: 1343: 1333: 1327: 1311: 1309:In 1974, the Met gave 1277: 1269: 1257: 1247: 1239: 1229: 1215: 1209: 1203: 1197: 1191: 1185: 1179: 1166: 1160: 1150: 1141: 1119: 1106: 1098: 1088: 1082: 1076: 1066: 1053: 1047: 1041: 1035: 1025: 1004: 998: 992: 984: 974: 970: 965: 942: 920: 914: 909: 903: 897: 882: 876: 868: 856: 850: 842: 834: 786: 778: 756: 740:"Spogliati, bambolino" 739: 728: 722: 706: 700: 627:Maestro Spinelloccio, 470:cousin of Buoso Donati 405: 394: 377: 363: 341: 333: 265: 259: 252: 242: 229: 221: 213: 199: 193: 187: 179: 144:Italian pronunciation: 137: 66: 5467:La barca de Aqueronte 5113:Dante's Hell Animated 4897:Mary, mother of Jesus 4657:Bonagiunta Orbicciani 4359:Farinata degli Uberti 3852:La fanciulla del West 3647:The Operas of Puccini 3570:. London: Haymarket. 3013:: 101. Archived from 2446:Phillips-Matz, p. 264 2372:Phillips-Matz, p. 253 2232:Phillips-Matz, p. 250 2157:Phillips-Matz, p. 176 2130:Phillips-Matz, p. 148 1929:Further information: 1894:Prima un avvertimento 1770: 1253:Engelbert Humperdinck 1057:was performed at the 969:was vetoed by Puccini 962: 893: 836:La fanciulla del West 729:"Si corre dal notaio" 720: 400: 392: 273:Historical background 5582:English translations 5539:Devil May Cry series 5322:(Rachmaninoff, 1904) 4817:Bernard of Clairvaux 3768:List of compositions 3545:Puccini: A Biography 3315:. Presto Classical. 3255:: 21. December 1957. 3213:: 83. Archived from 3156:Newman (ed.), p. 45. 3147:Osborne, pp. 237–240 3118:: 91. Archived from 2841:(7 September 2008). 2774:Girardi, pp. 369–370 2654:. 21 December 2015. 2282:Osborne, pp. 218–220 2250:Girardi, p. 414 2112:Girardi, p. 372 2043:Girardi, p. 377 2013:Girardi, pp. 416–417 1879:Spogliati, bambolino 1778:"O mio babbino caro" 1707:The music historian 1687:"O mio babbino caro" 1534:Rome's critics gave 1026:"O mio babbino caro" 817:, on an opera about 780:Cavalleria rusticana 667:Vincenzo Reschiglian 5577:Cultural references 5443:The Barque of Dante 5411:The Barque of Dante 5327:Francesca da Rimini 5319:Francesca da Rimini 5314:(Tchaikovsky, 1876) 5311:Francesca da Rimini 5212:The Story of Rimini 4872:Hierarchy of angels 4857:Folquet de Marselha 4369:Francesca da Rimini 3953:E lucevan le stelle 3610:The Puccini Problem 2404:Budden, pp. 420–421 2296:"MetOpera Database" 2241:Budden, p. 376 2187:Budden, pp. 373–375 2074:(2 December 1919). 1962:Philip Hope-Wallace 1918:Rinuccio, Lauretta 1853:"Oh, my dear papa" 1675:"Salvati! Salvati!" 1235:Ruggero Leoncavallo 950:Performance history 864:Giovacchino Forzano 764:Composition history 636:Pompilio Malatesta 412: 165:Giovacchino Forzano 81:Giovacchino Forzano 5587:In popular culture 5220:La Comédie humaine 5124:(2016 documentary) 5121:Botticelli Inferno 4722:Jacopo del Cassero 4642:Beatrice Portinari 4449:Pope Boniface VIII 4439:Pietro della Vigna 4037:Un bel dì, vedremo 3981:O mio babbino caro 3939:Donna non vidi mai 3932:Torna ai felici dì 3716:(audio recordings) 3503:. London: Putnam. 3455:Greenfield, Edward 3201:"Review, Puccini: 3197:Greenfield, Edward 3106:"Review, Puccini: 3102:Greenfield, Edward 3062:Grove Music Online 3017:on 22 October 2009 3001:"Review, Puccini: 2997:Greenfield, Edward 2948:Grove Music Online 2848:The New York Times 2839:Tommasini, Anthony 2549:(23 August 2004). 2312:(login and search) 2084:The New York Times 2052:Davis, p. 143 2034:Fisher, p. 94 2025:Fisher, p. 93 1848:O mio babbino caro 1794:O mio babbino caro 1772: 1756:O mio babbino caro 1647:commedia dell'arte 1608:The New York Times 1588:The Miserly Knight 1519:The New York Times 1496:Critical reception 1397:The Miserly Knight 1322:Bluebeard's Castle 1304:Edinburgh Festival 1271:L'amore dei tre re 1224:Later performances 1156:Vienna State Opera 1154:in German, at the 1039:, a lay sister in 980:Metropolitan Opera 971: 955:Early performances 938:Metropolitan Opera 936:take place at the 723: 709:O mio babbino caro 651:Andrés de Segurola 408: 406: 395: 378:commedia dell'arte 364:commedia dell'arte 335:commedia dell'arte 250:in December 1918, 248:Metropolitan Opera 202:O mio babbino caro 126:Metropolitan Opera 5615: 5614: 5565: 5564: 5494:The Gates of Hell 5475:La Laguna Estigia 5414:(Delacroix, 1822) 5377:"Dante's Inferno" 5354:(Ronchetti, 2020) 5343:The Divine Comedy 5287:Music (classical) 5065:The Dante Quartet 4945: 4944: 4842:Cunizza da Romano 4762:Oderisi da Gubbio 4727:Giovanna Visconti 4616: 4615: 4454:Pope Nicholas III 4404:Iacopo Rusticucci 4222: 4221: 4152:Simonetta Puccini 4030:Che gelida manina 4023:O soave fanciulla 4016:Signore, ascolta! 4002:Non piangere, Liù 3960:Recondita armonia 3641:Ashbrook, William 3624:978-0-521-85688-1 3475:Grout, Donald Jay 3403:978-0-253-35514-0 3362:978-3-8290-3571-2 3084:978-1-56159-263-0 2999:(February 2001). 2970:978-1-56159-263-0 2881:Los Angeles Times 2803:Seckerson, Edward 2530:4 September 1969" 2477:"Three's Company" 1949:Alfredo Simonetto 1922: 1921: 1787: 1652:Edward Greenfield 1614:Los Angeles Times 1405:Los Angeles Opera 1378:played Schicchi. 1259:Hänsel und Gretel 1237:'s two-act opera 1137:Gaetano Bavagnoli 686: 685: 428:Roberto Moranzoni 297:The Divine Comedy 133: 132: 5702: 5632: 5631: 5623: 5603: 5602: 5462:(Rossetti, 1885) 5454:(Rossetti, 1868) 5438:(Flandrin, 1835) 5430:(Scheffer, 1835) 5330:(Zandonai, 1914) 5140:Demon Lord Dante 5025:(Terragni, 1938) 5005: 5004: 4887:John the Apostle 4712:Guido Guinizelli 4677:Conrad Malaspina 4672:Cato the Younger 4495: 4494: 4275: 4274: 4249: 4242: 4235: 4226: 4225: 4212: 4201: 4200: 4169:Festival Puccini 4162:Related articles 4146:Domenico Puccini 4074:Film adaptations 3988:In questa reggia 3974:Ch'ella mi creda 3837:Madama Butterfly 3752: 3745: 3738: 3729: 3728: 3714:Internet Archive 3690:Internet Archive 3677:: Scores at the 3662: 3650: 3628: 3603: 3581: 3560: 3548: 3534: 3517:Osborne, Charles 3512: 3492: 3470: 3450: 3429: 3407: 3388: 3366: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3305: 3299: 3296: 3290: 3287: 3278: 3277: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3242: 3236: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3193: 3184: 3181: 3175: 3172: 3166: 3163: 3157: 3154: 3148: 3145: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3088: 3065:(8th ed.). 3049: 3036: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 2993: 2987: 2984: 2978: 2977: 2974: 2951:(8th ed.). 2942: 2933: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2914:on 18 March 2012 2904: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2799: 2793: 2790: 2784: 2781: 2775: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2716:(8 April 2007). 2710: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2677: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2642: 2636: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2622:. 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Archived from 2579: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2551:"Double Trouble" 2543: 2537: 2535: 2529: 2518: 2512: 2509: 2503: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2469: 2456: 2453: 2447: 2444: 2438: 2435: 2426: 2423: 2417: 2414: 2405: 2402: 2396: 2393: 2387: 2384: 2373: 2370: 2364: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2339: 2328: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2292: 2283: 2280: 2269: 2266: 2260: 2257: 2251: 2248: 2242: 2239: 2233: 2230: 2224: 2221: 2215: 2212: 2206: 2203: 2197: 2194: 2188: 2185: 2176: 2173: 2167: 2164: 2158: 2155: 2149: 2146: 2140: 2137: 2131: 2128: 2122: 2119: 2113: 2110: 2104: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2093: 2080: 2068: 2053: 2050: 2044: 2041: 2035: 2032: 2026: 2023: 2014: 2011: 1981: 1966:Gabriele Santini 1959: 1956: 1940: 1912: 1902:Gianni Schicchi 1896: 1881: 1871:Gianni Schicchi 1865: 1850: 1835: 1817: 1816: 1789: 1788: 1769: 1760: 1733: 1717: 1709:Donald Jay Grout 1699: 1689: 1683: 1677: 1649: 1639: 1605: 1592:Edward Seckerson 1582: 1580:L'idea nazionale 1576: 1574:L'idea nazionale 1570: 1563: 1557: 1551: 1545: 1539: 1505: 1486:Stephanie Blythe 1437: 1422: 1412: 1389: 1373: 1356: 1346: 1336: 1330: 1314: 1282: 1274: 1265:Italo Montemezzi 1262: 1250: 1244: 1232: 1218: 1212: 1206: 1200: 1194: 1188: 1182: 1169: 1163: 1153: 1144: 1122: 1109: 1103: 1094:Arturo Toscanini 1091: 1085: 1079: 1069: 1056: 1050: 1044: 1038: 1028: 1016: 1011:New-York Tribune 1007: 1001: 995: 989: 977: 968: 945: 923: 917: 906: 900: 887: 879: 873: 861: 853: 847: 839: 819:Marie Antoinette 815:Giuseppe Giacosa 795:Madama Butterfly 791: 783: 770:Edoardo Sonzogno 759: 742: 731: 713: 703: 558:Betto di Signa, 553:Mario Malatesta 443:Giuseppe De Luca 413: 411: 407: 380: 366: 344: 338: 268: 262: 255: 245: 232: 226: 218: 206: 196: 190: 184: 150: 145: 140: 122: 120: 72: 71: 53:1918–1919 poster 51: 28: 27: 5710: 5709: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5700: 5699: 5640: 5639: 5638: 5626: 5618: 5616: 5611: 5591: 5561: 5547:Dante's Inferno 5518: 5481: 5478:(Hidalgo, 1887) 5470:(Hidalgo, 1887) 5451:Pia de' Tolomei 5398: 5357: 5338:(Puccini, 1918) 5335:Gianni Schicchi 5282: 5199: 5170: 5156:Dante's Inferno 5148:Jimbo's Inferno 5127: 5089:Dante's Inferno 5057:Dante's Inferno 5049:Dante's Inferno 5028: 5017:(Palanti, 1923) 4996: 4971: 4941: 4882:James the Great 4796: 4772:Pia de' Tolomei 4647:Beatrice d'Este 4612: 4549: 4498:Circles of Hell 4493: 4424:Paolo Malatesta 4389:Gualdrada Berti 4364:Filippo Argenti 4304:Brunetto Latini 4294:Bertran de Born 4270: 4264: 4253: 4223: 4218: 4188: 4157: 4154:(granddaughter) 4128: 4069: 4055:Messa di Gloria 4042: 3946:Quando me'n vo' 3919: 3890:Gianni Schicchi 3770: 3761: 3759:Giacomo Puccini 3756: 3722:Gianni Schicchi 3709:Gianni Schicchi 3701:Gianni Schicchi 3685:Gianni Schicchi 3674:Gianni Schicchi 3669: 3659: 3639: 3636: 3634:Further reading 3631: 3625: 3600: 3578: 3557: 3531: 3489: 3447: 3426: 3404: 3385: 3363: 3349:, eds. (2000). 3337: 3332: 3322: 3320: 3311:Gianni Schicchi 3307: 3306: 3302: 3297: 3293: 3288: 3281: 3268:Gianni Schicchi 3264: 3260: 3247:Gianni Schicchi 3244: 3243: 3239: 3235:Girardi, p. 415 3234: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3217:on 5 March 2011 3203:Gianni Schicchi 3194: 3187: 3182: 3178: 3173: 3169: 3164: 3160: 3155: 3151: 3146: 3135: 3125: 3123: 3122:on 29 June 2011 3108:Gianni Schicchi 3104:(August 1978). 3099: 3095: 3089: 3085: 3057:Gianni Schicchi 3050: 3039: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3003:Gianni Schicchi 2994: 2990: 2985: 2981: 2975: 2971: 2943: 2936: 2931: 2927: 2917: 2915: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2891: 2889: 2872: 2868: 2858: 2856: 2836: 2832: 2822: 2820: 2812:The Independent 2805:(6 July 2004). 2800: 2796: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2778: 2773: 2769: 2759: 2757: 2747: 2743: 2733: 2731: 2714:Holden, Anthony 2711: 2707: 2697: 2695: 2678: 2671: 2661: 2659: 2644: 2643: 2639: 2629: 2627: 2626:on 1 March 2017 2618: 2617: 2613: 2603: 2601: 2588:in Los Angeles" 2586:Gianni Schicchi 2580: 2576: 2566: 2564: 2544: 2540: 2533: 2527: 2524:Gianni Schicchi 2519: 2515: 2510: 2506: 2496: 2494: 2473:Davis, Peter G. 2470: 2459: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2441: 2437:Girardi, p. 370 2436: 2429: 2425:Osborne, p. 221 2424: 2420: 2415: 2408: 2403: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2376: 2371: 2367: 2357: 2355: 2330: 2329: 2316: 2305: 2303: 2294: 2293: 2286: 2281: 2272: 2268:Osborne, p. 216 2267: 2263: 2258: 2254: 2249: 2245: 2240: 2236: 2231: 2227: 2222: 2218: 2214:Girardi, p. 367 2213: 2209: 2204: 2200: 2196:Girardi, p. 365 2195: 2191: 2186: 2179: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2161: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2129: 2125: 2120: 2116: 2111: 2107: 2097: 2095: 2091: 2078: 2069: 2056: 2051: 2047: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2017: 2012: 2005: 2001: 1996: 1988:Antonio Pappano 1951: 1938:Gianni Schicchi 1933: 1927: 1815: 1814: 1806: 1804: 1803: 1802: 1801: 1790: 1783: 1780: 1773: 1767: 1748: 1726:Charles Osborne 1715:Gianni Schicchi 1637:Gianni Schicchi 1629: 1597:The Independent 1568:Gianni Schicchi 1543:Gianni Schicchi 1503:Gianni Schicchi 1498: 1482:San Diego Opera 1448:Plácido Domingo 1444:Matthew Diamond 1431: 1429:Laura Tătulescu 1420:Gianni Schicchi 1387:Gianni Schicchi 1376:Cornell MacNeil 1371:Gianni Schicchi 1362:Lili Chookasian 1334:Gianni Schicchi 1312:Gianni Schicchi 1294:, Milan, where 1248:Gianni Schicchi 1230:Gianni Schicchi 1226: 1216:Gianni Schicchi 1161:Gianni Schicchi 1142:Gianni Schicchi 1083:Gianni Schicchi 1077:Gianni Schicchi 1072:Teatro Costanzi 1048:Gianni Schicchi 1045:, and Nella in 1014: 1005:Gianni Schicchi 975:Gianni Schicchi 957: 952: 943:Gianni Schicchi 924:, although the 921:Gianni Schicchi 904:Gianni Schicchi 877:Gianni Schicchi 800:Alphonse Daudet 774:Pietro Mascagni 766: 691: 621:Marie Sundelius 576:cousin of Buoso 525:Gherardo's wife 481:Kathleen Howard 462:Florence Easton 425: 409: 402:Florence Easton 387: 342:Gianni Schicchi 275: 260:Gianni Schicchi 253:Gianni Schicchi 230:Gianni Schicchi 194:Gianni Schicchi 157:Giacomo Puccini 143: 138:Gianni Schicchi 129: 128: 123: 118: 116: 63: 62:One-act opera, 54: 41:Giacomo Puccini 31:Gianni Schicchi 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5708: 5698: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5655:One-act operas 5652: 5637: 5636: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5609: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5590: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5573: 5571: 5567: 5566: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5559: 5551: 5543: 5535: 5531:King of Demons 5526: 5524: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5516: 5515: 5514: 5506: 5497:(Rodin, 1917) 5489: 5487: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5479: 5471: 5463: 5455: 5447: 5446:(Manet, 1850s) 5439: 5431: 5423: 5415: 5406: 5404: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5396: 5388: 5380: 5374: 5365: 5363: 5362:Music (modern) 5359: 5358: 5356: 5355: 5347: 5339: 5331: 5323: 5315: 5307: 5303:Dante Symphony 5299: 5290: 5288: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5280: 5272: 5268:The Dante Club 5264: 5256: 5248: 5240: 5232: 5224: 5216: 5207: 5205: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5197: 5187: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5168: 5164:Gert's Inferno 5160: 5152: 5144: 5135: 5133: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5125: 5117: 5109: 5101: 5093: 5085: 5077: 5069: 5061: 5053: 5045: 5036: 5034: 5030: 5029: 5027: 5026: 5018: 5015:Palacio Barolo 5011: 5009: 5002: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4994: 4987: 4979: 4977: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4953: 4951: 4947: 4946: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4939: 4934: 4932:Thomas Aquinas 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4877:Imperial Eagle 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4808: 4806: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4742:Marco Lombardo 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4697:Garden of Eden 4694: 4692:Gaia da Camino 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4632:Alagia Fieschi 4628: 4626: 4618: 4617: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4559: 4557: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4501: 4499: 4492: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4285: 4283: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4252: 4251: 4244: 4237: 4229: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4216: 4206: 4193: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4174:Giulio Ricordi 4171: 4165: 4163: 4159: 4158: 4156: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4140:Jacopo Puccini 4136: 4134: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4126: 4118: 4110: 4102: 4094: 4086: 4077: 4075: 4071: 4070: 4068: 4067: 4059: 4050: 4048: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4040: 4033: 4026: 4019: 4012: 4005: 3998: 3991: 3984: 3977: 3970: 3963: 3956: 3949: 3942: 3935: 3927: 3925: 3921: 3920: 3918: 3917: 3916: 3915: 3902: 3901: 3900: 3899: 3898: 3886: 3879: 3864: 3856: 3848: 3847: 3846: 3833: 3832: 3831: 3818: 3817: 3816: 3803: 3795: 3787: 3778: 3776: 3772: 3771: 3766: 3763: 3762: 3755: 3754: 3747: 3740: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3717: 3705: 3697: 3681: 3668: 3667:External links 3665: 3664: 3663: 3657: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3629: 3623: 3604: 3598: 3588:, ed. (2004). 3586:Sadie, Stanley 3582: 3576: 3561: 3555: 3535: 3529: 3513: 3497:Newman, Ernest 3493: 3487: 3471: 3451: 3445: 3430: 3424: 3408: 3402: 3389: 3383: 3371:Budden, Julian 3367: 3361: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3330: 3300: 3291: 3279: 3258: 3237: 3228: 3185: 3176: 3167: 3158: 3149: 3133: 3093: 3083: 3053:Budden, Julian 3037: 3028: 2988: 2979: 2969: 2934: 2925: 2899: 2866: 2830: 2794: 2792:Wilson, p. 181 2785: 2783:Wilson, p. 180 2776: 2767: 2741: 2705: 2669: 2637: 2611: 2600:on 26 May 2011 2574: 2538: 2513: 2504: 2475:(April 2007). 2457: 2448: 2439: 2427: 2418: 2416:Budden, p. 378 2406: 2397: 2388: 2386:Budden, p. 377 2374: 2365: 2314: 2284: 2270: 2261: 2259:Wilson, p. 178 2252: 2243: 2234: 2225: 2223:Budden, p. 375 2216: 2207: 2205:Budden, p. 405 2198: 2189: 2177: 2175:Budden, p. 372 2168: 2159: 2150: 2141: 2132: 2123: 2114: 2105: 2087:. p. 22. 2054: 2045: 2036: 2027: 2015: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1889: 1888: 1885: 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5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5624: 5621: 5608: 5607: 5598: 5597: 5594: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5574: 5572: 5568: 5557: 5556: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5544: 5541: 5540: 5536: 5533: 5532: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5521: 5512: 5511: 5507: 5504: 5503: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5495: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5484: 5477: 5476: 5472: 5469: 5468: 5464: 5461: 5460: 5456: 5453: 5452: 5448: 5445: 5444: 5440: 5437: 5436: 5435:Dante in Hell 5432: 5429: 5428: 5424: 5422:(Blake, 1827) 5421: 5420: 5416: 5413: 5412: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5401: 5394: 5393: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5381: 5378: 5375: 5372: 5371: 5367: 5366: 5364: 5360: 5353: 5352: 5348: 5346:(Smith, 1996) 5345: 5344: 5340: 5337: 5336: 5332: 5329: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5320: 5316: 5313: 5312: 5308: 5306:(Liszt, 1857) 5305: 5304: 5300: 5298:(Liszt, 1849) 5297: 5296: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5285: 5278: 5277: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5249: 5246: 5245: 5241: 5238: 5237: 5233: 5230: 5229: 5228:Earth Inferno 5225: 5222: 5221: 5217: 5214: 5213: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5202: 5195: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5175:Illustrations 5173: 5166: 5165: 5161: 5158: 5157: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5137: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5123: 5122: 5118: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5107: 5106: 5102: 5099: 5098: 5094: 5091: 5090: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5078: 5075: 5074: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5062: 5059: 5058: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5046: 5043: 5042: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5031: 5024: 5023: 5019: 5016: 5013: 5012: 5010: 5006: 5003: 4999: 4992: 4988: 4985: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4974: 4968: 4967:Great refusal 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4948: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4907:Peter Lombard 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4804: 4799: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4782:Sapia Salvani 4780: 4778: 4777:Pope Adrian V 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4757:Nino Visconti 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4687:Forese Donati 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4637:Arnaut Daniel 4635: 4633: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4624: 4619: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4502: 4500: 4496: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4384:Great refusal 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4273: 4271:and locations 4267: 4263: 4262: 4261:Divine Comedy 4257: 4250: 4245: 4243: 4238: 4236: 4231: 4230: 4227: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4205: 4204: 4195: 4194: 4191: 4185: 4184:Villa Puccini 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4160: 4153: 4150: 4148:(grandfather) 4147: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4131: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4065: 4064: 4060: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4051: 4049: 4045: 4038: 4034: 4031: 4027: 4024: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4010: 4006: 4003: 3999: 3996: 3992: 3989: 3985: 3982: 3978: 3975: 3971: 3968: 3964: 3961: 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Cambridge: 3612: 3611: 3605: 3601: 3599:1-84451-026-3 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3577:0-86024-972-7 3573: 3569: 3568: 3562: 3558: 3556:1-55553-530-5 3552: 3547: 3546: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3530:0-575-04868-9 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3488:0-231-08978-3 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3446:0-226-29757-8 3442: 3438: 3437: 3431: 3427: 3425:1-930841-77-9 3421: 3417: 3414: 3409: 3405: 3399: 3395: 3390: 3386: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3358: 3354: 3353: 3348: 3344: 3343:Batta, András 3340: 3339: 3318: 3314: 3312: 3304: 3295: 3286: 3284: 3275: 3274: 3269: 3262: 3254: 3253: 3248: 3241: 3232: 3216: 3212: 3211: 3206: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3190: 3183:Grout, p. 444 3180: 3174:Davis, p. 157 3171: 3165:Davis, p. 162 3162: 3153: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3121: 3117: 3116: 3111: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3086: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3063: 3058: 3054: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3032: 3016: 3012: 3011: 3006: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2986:Davis, p. 139 2983: 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Könemann. 3351: 3347:Neef, Sigrid 3321:. Retrieved 3310: 3303: 3294: 3271: 3267: 3261: 3250: 3246: 3240: 3231: 3219:. Retrieved 3215:the original 3208: 3202: 3199:(May 1977). 3179: 3170: 3161: 3152: 3124:. Retrieved 3120:the original 3113: 3107: 3096: 3060: 3056: 3031: 3019:. Retrieved 3015:the original 3008: 3002: 2991: 2982: 2946: 2928: 2916:. Retrieved 2912:the original 2902: 2890:. Retrieved 2879: 2869: 2857:. Retrieved 2846: 2833: 2821:. Retrieved 2810: 2797: 2788: 2779: 2770: 2758:. Retrieved 2754: 2744: 2732:. Retrieved 2723:The Observer 2721: 2708: 2696:. Retrieved 2687:The Guardian 2685: 2660:. Retrieved 2649: 2640: 2628:. Retrieved 2624:the original 2614: 2602:. Retrieved 2598:the original 2591: 2585: 2577: 2565:. Retrieved 2554: 2541: 2534:(in Italian) 2523: 2516: 2507: 2495:. Retrieved 2486: 2480: 2451: 2442: 2421: 2400: 2391: 2368: 2356:. Retrieved 2347: 2341: 2334: 2304:. 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" 1982:with the 1856:Lauretta 1841:Rinuccio 1661:diatonism 1522:reviewer 1403:In 2007, 1364:sang the 1358:hat-trick 1337:featured 1279:La bohème 1241:Pagliacci 884:La bohème 807:Butterfly 659:a cobbler 647:baritone 612:(age 38) 598:baritone 595:(age 45) 578:(age 70) 542:their son 527:(age 34) 510:(age 40) 491:(age 24) 476:contralto 472:(age 60) 453:(age 21) 369:Balanzone 355:Pantaloon 351:Columbina 347:Harlequin 5606:Category 5555:The Lost 5502:The Kiss 5194:Paradiso 4950:Concepts 4912:Piccarda 4852:Empyrean 4803:Paradiso 4787:Sordello 4652:Belacqua 4598:Malacoda 4583:Ciriatto 4573:Cagnazzo 4563:Alichino 4434:Phlegyas 4344:Ciampolo 4324:Cerberus 4319:Capaneus 4309:Caiaphas 4203:Category 3906:Turandot 3783:Le Villi 3643:(1985). 3541:(2002). 3519:(1990). 3499:(1945). 3477:(1971). 3457:(1958). 3373:(2002). 3317:Archived 2886:Archived 2853:Archived 2817:Archived 2728:Archived 2692:Archived 2656:Archived 2593:Playbill 2561:Archived 2491:Archived 2352:Archived 2300:Archived 2089:Archived 1979:Trittico 1955:Wikidata 1736:Falstaff 1721:Falstaff 1603:Schicchi 1561:Schicchi 1354:trittico 1292:La Scala 858:Le Villi 689:Synopsis 673:Guccio, 643:a notary 629:a doctor 574:Simone, 544:(age 7) 530:soprano 438:baritone 191:operas, 188:trittico 161:libretto 111:Premiere 95:Based on 87:Language 64:part of 5570:Related 5370:Inferno 5351:Inferno 5276:Inferno 5260:Inferno 5196:, 1999) 5022:Danteum 4922:Solomon 4917:Ripheus 4862:Gabriel 4792:Statius 4747:Matelda 4737:Manfred 4667:Casella 4535:Seventh 4479:Ulysses 4349:Cocytus 4289:Acheron 4280:Inferno 4063:Requiem 3909:(1924) 3871:(1918) 3840:(1904) 3825:(1900) 3810:(1896) 3335:Sources 1800:in 1919 1740:Rossini 1620:Variety 1512:critic 1100:verismo 784:. With 734:Moorish 591:Marco, 523:Nella, 457:soprano 320:Inferno 287:Inferno 284:in the 235:Rossini 117: ( 90:Italian 5675:Operas 5620:Portal 5550:(2010) 5542:(2001) 5534:(1996) 5513:(1904) 5505:(1882) 5279:(2013) 5271:(2003) 5263:(1976) 5255:(1965) 5247:(1937) 5231:(1905) 5215:(1816) 5186:(1485) 5167:(2023) 5159:(2023) 5151:(2006) 5143:(1971) 5132:Comics 5116:(2013) 5108:(2010) 5100:(2010) 5092:(2007) 5084:(2006) 5076:(1989) 5068:(1987) 5060:(1935) 5052:(1924) 5044:(1911) 5033:Cinema 4976:Verses 4937:Trajan 4540:Eighth 4520:Fourth 4510:Second 4489:Virgil 4444:Plutus 4419:Nessus 4374:Geryon 4339:Ciacco 4334:Chiron 4329:Charon 4133:Family 4066:(1905) 4058:(1880) 3863:(1917) 3855:(1910) 3802:(1893) 3794:(1889) 3786:(1884) 3775:Operas 3655: 3621: 3596: 3574: 3553: 3527: 3507: 3485: 3465: 3443: 3422: 3400: 3381: 3359: 3081: 2967: 2528: 2358:13 May 1986:under 1907:Duet: 1876:Trio: 1642:presto 1458:, and 1374:) and 1317:Bartók 805:After 675:a dyer 549:treble 513:tenor 468:Zita, 5634:Opera 4847:David 4732:Lethe 4682:Eunoe 4545:Ninth 4530:Sixth 4525:Fifth 4515:Third 4505:First 4464:Satan 4414:Minos 4256:Dante 4214:Audio 4122:Tosca 4090:Tosca 3924:Arias 3822:Tosca 3791:Edgar 3276:: 72. 2092:(PDF) 2079:(PDF) 1999:Notes 1958:] 1702:scena 1627:Music 1529:Times 1436:] 1015:' 788:Tosca 679:bass 663:bass 633:bass 581:bass 495:tenor 416:Role 385:Roles 359:Zanni 316:Gemma 282:Dante 240:When 169:Dante 153:opera 99:Dante 37:Opera 4812:Adam 4469:Styx 3692:and 3653:ISBN 3619:ISBN 3594:ISBN 3572:ISBN 3551:ISBN 3525:ISBN 3505:OCLC 3483:ISBN 3463:OCLC 3441:ISBN 3420:ISBN 3398:ISBN 3379:ISBN 3357:ISBN 3325:2010 3223:2010 3128:2010 3079:ISBN 3023:2010 2965:ISBN 2920:2010 2894:2010 2861:2010 2825:2010 2762:2023 2736:2010 2700:2010 2664:2021 2651:IMDb 2632:2017 2606:2010 2569:2010 2499:2010 2360:2016 2308:2010 2100:2010 1972:and 1558:and 1456:ARTE 1390:and 1127:and 996:and 874:and 823:M.A. 565:bass 308:will 4867:God 4354:Dis 4258:'s 3712:at 3688:at 3249:". 3071:doi 3059:". 2957:doi 1663:". 1594:in 1460:NHK 1394:'s 1360:". 1319:'s 1267:'s 1255:'s 1104:of 926:war 776:'s 299:by 171:'s 163:by 101:'s 39:by 5646:: 3617:. 3345:; 3282:^ 3207:. 3188:^ 3136:^ 3112:. 3077:. 3069:. 3040:^ 3007:. 2963:. 2955:. 2937:^ 2884:. 2878:. 2851:. 2845:. 2815:. 2809:. 2753:. 2726:. 2720:. 2690:. 2684:. 2672:^ 2648:. 2590:. 2559:. 2553:. 2487:71 2485:. 2479:. 2460:^ 2430:^ 2409:^ 2377:^ 2348:74 2346:. 2340:. 2317:^ 2287:^ 2273:^ 2180:^ 2081:. 2057:^ 2018:^ 2006:^ 1742:. 1690:. 1462:. 1454:, 1434:ro 1306:. 1263:, 1051:. 1002:, 381:. 367:, 328:. 227:. 5622:: 5192:( 4993:" 4989:" 4986:" 4982:" 4248:e 4241:t 4234:v 4039:" 4035:" 4032:" 4028:" 4025:" 4021:" 4018:" 4014:" 4011:" 4007:" 4004:" 4000:" 3997:" 3993:" 3990:" 3986:" 3983:" 3979:" 3976:" 3972:" 3969:" 3965:" 3962:" 3958:" 3955:" 3951:" 3948:" 3944:" 3941:" 3937:" 3934:" 3930:" 3751:e 3744:t 3737:v 3661:. 3627:. 3602:. 3580:. 3559:. 3533:. 3511:. 3491:. 3469:. 3449:. 3428:. 3406:. 3387:. 3365:. 3327:. 3313:" 3225:. 3205:" 3130:. 3110:" 3087:. 3073:: 3025:. 3005:" 2973:. 2959:: 2922:. 2896:. 2863:. 2827:. 2764:. 2738:. 2702:. 2666:. 2634:. 2608:. 2571:. 2536:. 2526:, 2522:" 2501:. 2362:. 2337:" 2310:. 2102:. 1812:. 1792:" 1758:" 1754:" 711:" 707:" 289:, 204:" 200:" 142:( 121:) 25:.

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