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46:
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laws, or administrative regulations; promotes the overthrow of the government or socialist system; undermines national unification; distorts the truth, spreads rumors, or destroys social order; or provides sexually suggestive material or encourages gambling, violence, or murder. Users are prohibited from engaging in activities that harm the security of computer information networks and from using networks or changing network resources without prior approval.
5166:
3641:. If some violating event happened, the owner of the cybercafé can send the personal information to the police through the internet. It is called a public security automation system, but it is actually an integrated, multi-layered, internet blocking and monitoring system, involving the technical, administrative, public security, national security, publicity, etc. The features are known as: readable, listenable, and thinkable.
3493:(CDP) would breed a powerful new network that the party elites might not be able to control. The CDP was immediately banned, followed by arrests and imprisonment. That same year, the Golden Shield project was started. The first part of the project lasted eight years and was completed in 2006. The second part began in 2006 and ended in 2008. On 6 December 2002, 300 people in charge of the Golden Shield project from 31
3397:. The other "golden" projects are Golden Customs (also known as Golden Gate) (for customs), Golden Tax (for taxation), Golden Macro, Golden Finance (for financial management), Golden Auditing, Golden Security, Golden Agriculture (for agricultural information), Golden Quality (for quality supervision), Golden Water (for water conservancy information), Golden Credit, and Golden Discipline projects.
3786:, is now challenging Google to reveal the technology it once used at China's behest. "That way, we can understand the nature of the beast and, perhaps, develop circumvention measures so there can be an opening up of communications." "That would be a dossier of extraordinary importance to human rights," Davies says. Google has yet to respond to his call.
3861:(secure shell) are the powerful and stable tools for bypassing surveillance technologies. They use the same basic approaches, proxies and encrypted channels, used by other circumvention tools, but depend on a private host, a virtual host, or an account outside of China, rather than open, free proxies.
3484:
Individuals are prohibited from using the
Internet to: harm national security; disclose state secrets; or injure the interests of the state or society. Users are prohibited from using the Internet to create, replicate, retrieve, or transmit information that incites resistance to the PRC Constitution,
3636:
of 31 provinces or municipalities attended the exhibition. There were many western high-tech products, including network security, video surveillance and face recognition. It was estimated that about 30000 police officers have been employed to maintain the system. There was a multi-level system to
3597:
department of China. Within three years, phase I project has finished the first-level, second-level, and the third-level backbone network and access network. This network has covered public security organs at all levels. The grass-roots teams of public security organs have accessed to the backbone
4305:
China's police authorities spent the three years between 2003 and 2006 completing the massive "Golden Shield
Project". Not only did over 50 percent of China's policing agencies get on the Internet, there is also an agency called the Public Information Network Security and Monitoring Bureau, which
3653:
Based on the phase I project, phase II project expanded the information application types of public security business, and informationized further public security information. The key points of this project included application system construction, system integration, the expansion of information
3547:
when particular sites are requested. The government does not appear to be systematically examining
Internet content, as this appears to be technically impractical. Because of its disconnection from the larger world of IP routing protocols, the network contained within the Great Firewall has been
3864:
Open application programming interface (API) used by
Twitter which enables to post and retrieve tweets on sites other than Twitter. "The idea is that coders elsewhere get to Twitter, and offer up feeds at their own URLs—which the government has to chase down one by one." says Jonathan Zittrain,
3872:
Reconfiguration at the end points of communication, encryption, discarding reset packets according to the TTL value (time to live) by distinguishing those resets generated by the
Firewall and those made by end user, not routing any further packets to sites that have triggered blocking
3571:
The Golden Shield
Project contains an integrated, multi-layered system, involving technical, administrative, public security, national security, publicity and many other departments. This project was planning to finish within five years, separated into two phases.
3800:
Because the Great
Firewall blocks destination IP addresses and domain names and inspects the data being sent or received, a basic censorship circumvention strategy is to use proxy nodes and encrypt the data. Most circumvention tools combine these two mechanisms.
3654:
centre, and information construction in central and western provinces. The system of was planning to strengthen the integration, to share and analysis of information. It would greatly enhance the information for the public security work support.
1076:
3390:. This project includes a security management information system, a criminal information system, an exit and entry administration information system, a supervisor information system, a traffic management information system, among others.
225:
3778:'s blacklist. However, once unblocked, the Web sites will be reindexed. Referring to Google's first-hand experience of the great firewall, there is some hope in the international community that it will reveal some of its secrets.
3909:
3592:
department of China has recorded 96% of the population information of mainland China into the database. In other words, the information of 1.25 billion out of 1.3 billion people has recorded in the information database of the
3649:
The phase II project started in 2006. The main task was to enhance the terminal construction, and the public security business application system, trying to informatize of the public security work. The period was two years.
2338:
3580:
The first phase of the project focused on the construction of the first-level, second-level, and the third-level information communication network, application database, shared platform, etc. The period was three years.
5156:
3402:
The Golden Shield
Project also manages the Bureau of Public Information and Network Security Supervision, which is a bureau that is widely believed, though not officially claimed, to operate a subproject called the
3084:
1650:
3446:'s favorite sayings in the early 1980s: "If you open the window for fresh air, you have to expect some flies to blow in." The saying is related to a period of economic reform in China that became known as the "
2067:
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2096:
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2083:
1604:
967:
1630:
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The
Ministry of Public Security took initial steps to control Internet use in 1997, when it issued comprehensive regulations governing its use. The key sections, Articles 4–6, are the following:
404:
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outside China can be used, although using just a simple open proxy (HTTP or SOCKS) without also using an encrypted tunnel (such as HTTPS) does little to circumvent the sophisticated censors.
2073:
207:
1992:
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1635:
4507:
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Companies can establish regional Web sites within China. This prevents their content from going through the Great
Firewall of China; however, it requires companies to apply for local
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throughout China participated in a four-day inaugural "Comprehensive Exhibition on Chinese Information System". At the exhibition, many western high-tech products, including
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1911:
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2009:
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2026:
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3617:. According to an internal Cisco document, Cisco viewed China's Great Firewall and its Internet censorship as an opportunity to expand its business with China.
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1203:
1149:
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1112:
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306:
252:
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189:
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59:
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3423:. This subproject was initiated in 1998 and began operations in November 2003. It has also seemingly been used to attack international web sites using
3027:
2148:
1792:
1718:
1252:
1030:
5085:
4166:
There are several variants of this saying in Chinese, including "如果你打开窗户换新鲜空气，就得想到苍蝇也会飞进来。" and "打开窗户，新鲜空气进来了，苍蝇也飞进来了。". Their meanings are the same.
3988:
3598:
network with the coverage rate 90%, that is to say, every 100 police officers have 40 computers connected to the network of the phase I project. The
2138:
1523:
957:
862:
453:
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278:
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762:
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5374:
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3912:
agency collaborates with Chinese Great Firewall security officials in implementing its data retention and filtering infrastructure. Since the
3613:
from the United States of America has provided massive hardware devices for this project, and therefore was criticized by some members of the
2209:
1404:
893:
715:
105:
5053:
4318:
3477:". As availability of the Internet has gradually increased, it has become a common communication platform and tool for trading information.
4619:
4331:
R. MacKinnon "Flatter world and thicker walls? Blogs, censorship and civic discourse in China" Public Choice (2008) 134: p. 31–46, Springer
4027:
3130:
2479:
1370:
953:
3774:
has set up computer systems inside China that try to access Web sites outside the country. If a site is inaccessible, then it is added to
3714:
government, media, or other organizations, including sites dedicated to religious content, and most large Taiwanese community websites or
3332:
2343:
1416:
1025:
661:
548:
412:
5106:
4845:, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 10, No. 11 (29 November 2012), doi:10.1145/2390756.2405036. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
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3949:
The GFW is a national gateway for filtering foreign websites, whereas the Golden Shield Project is for monitoring the domestic internet.
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1775:
1375:
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735:
128:
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5223:
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2352:
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4046:
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1724:
1144:
711:
382:
283:
84:
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have obtained surveillance technology from China although the censorships in these countries are not much in comparison to China.
3172:
2720:
2474:
1169:
552:
4697:
4820:
Will Google's help breach the great firewall of China? By: Marks, Paul, New Scientist, 02624079, 4/3/2010, Vol. 205, Issue 2754
3200:
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567:
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and opened up the market for foreign investors. Nonetheless, despite the economic freedom, values and political ideas of the
2619:
2568:
1864:
695:
540:
171:
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5387:
5248:
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to implement the blocking effect, whereas the Golden Shield Project stations in the most exchange centres and data centres.
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3059:
3010:
3006:
2996:
2881:
2360:
1761:
1749:
1743:
1174:
4031:
4574:
3637:
track netizens violating the provisions. Netizens who want to use the internet in a cybercafé are required to show their
3628:. On 6 December 2002, there came the "2002 China Large Institutions Informationization Exhibition", 300 leaders from the
3164:
2982:
2977:
2263:
2257:
1438:
1394:
745:
329:
3939:
The GFW is a tool for the propaganda system, whereas the Golden Shield Project is a tool for the public security system.
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5314:
3228:
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2852:
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2634:
2298:
2292:
2109:
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1059:
641:
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4882:
4421:
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3663:
3266:
3248:
3233:
3205:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1905:
611:
66:
5364:
3917:
3913:
3886:
2458:
2280:
2194:
1999:
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3325:
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2494:
1825:
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5321:
5274:
5269:
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1965:
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1536:
1134:
1116:
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3609:
from China, and some high-tech companies from the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Israel, etc.
3387:
1987:
1385:
1055:
142:
4774:
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3540:
3408:
3195:
3032:
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2735:
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2120:
2031:
2021:
1955:
509:
355:
350:
71:
27:
45:
5239:
4403:
4067:
3973:
3946:, whereas the original requirements of the Golden Shield Project are from the public security department.
3733:
3187:
2847:
2321:
2315:
1960:
1675:
1565:
499:
477:
3520:" (防火长城) (a term that first appeared in a Wired magazine article in 1997) in reference to its role as a
3513:
were purchased. It is estimated that around 30,000-50,000 police are employed in this gigantic project.
3415:
project that blocks data from foreign countries that may be unlawful in the PRC. It is operated by the
4306:
oversees a large number network police. These are all the direct products of the Golden Shield Project.
4002:
3431:
3318:
3281:
3243:
3213:
2945:
2842:
2331:
2308:
2273:
1921:
1898:
593:
3602:
said that the phase I project had significantly enhanced the combat effectiveness of public security.
5427:
5190:
3882:
3563:, access jacks in hotel rooms and conference centers where foreigners were expected to work or stay.
3510:
3506:
2506:
2453:
1882:
1380:
504:
394:
90:
78:
4896:
3957:
The GFW is attached to the three national internet exchange centres, and then spread to some of the
5027:
4341:
3621:
3474:
3447:
3154:
3047:
2786:
2715:
2703:
2489:
2230:
2214:
1692:
1129:
598:
370:
5062:
5284:
4409:
4258:
3830:
3498:
3463:
3442:
The political and ideological background of the Golden Shield Project is considered to be one of
3404:
3117:
2744:
2580:
2143:
2115:
2014:
1229:
1082:
526:
4629:
4374:
Goldman, Merle Goldman. Gu, Edward X. (2004). Chinese Intellectuals between State and Market.
5326:
4017:
3898:
3638:
3614:
3424:
3276:
3238:
3042:
2827:
2820:
2766:
2563:
1970:
1931:
1892:
924:
262:
4252:
5114:
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4413:
4022:
3902:
3894:
3783:
3490:
2915:
2751:
1277:
345:
335:
247:
242:
3676:
Web sites belonging to "outlawed" or suppressed groups, such as pro-democracy activists and
5422:
5186:
3965:
3683:
News sources that often cover topics that are considered defamatory against China, such as
3556:
3521:
3158:
3150:
3069:
3022:
2986:
2970:
2708:
2501:
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2004:
1545:
1495:
919:
588:
578:
448:
8:
5472:
4875:
PET'06: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
4007:
3669:
3606:
3544:
3525:
3455:
3420:
3218:
3018:
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2886:
2795:
2730:
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2376:
1841:
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467:
114:
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3037:
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2527:
2513:
1982:
1199:
1067:
1003:
977:
648:
626:
618:
427:
257:
4747:
3559:, Chinese officials told Internet providers to prepare to unblock access from certain
5299:
5002:
4878:
4705:
4672:
4436:
4417:
4379:
4262:
4230:
4187:
4056:
4041:
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3502:
3470:
3182:
2832:
2802:
2595:
2533:
2484:
2199:
1702:
36:
5198:
4365:"China and the Internet.", International Debates, 15420345, Apr2010, Vol. 8, Issue 4
5462:
5090:
4459:
4148:
4118:
3920:, Russia authorities began improving and widening the capabilities of this system.
3700:
3684:
3494:
3352:
3122:
2739:
1731:
1323:
1263:
605:
420:
149:
3560:
5057:
4976:
4664:
4293:
3594:
3589:
3394:
3177:
2781:
1709:
96:
4205:
4126:
4123:
3360:
3357:
5467:
4948:"The company with Aussie roots that's helping build China's surveillance state"
4395:
4051:
3929:
3822:
3758:
3549:
3528:. This part of the project includes the ability to block content by preventing
3517:
3473:
arrived in 1994, as the inevitable consequence of and supporting tool for the "
3459:
3052:
2641:
2605:
2575:
2519:
2168:
1623:
1541:
1509:
990:
494:
20:
5208:
4775:"controlling information: you can't get there from here -- filtering searches"
5487:
5392:
5006:
4870:
4838:
4676:
3818:
3757:
Blocked web sites are indexed to a lesser degree, if at all, by some Chinese
3610:
3443:
2683:
2267:
2100:
1529:
1332:
1305:
1291:
631:
375:
237:
3980:, whereas the Golden Shield Project is less powerful in scientific research.
5399:
5382:
4597:
4545:
4248:
3984:
3858:
3848:
3805:
3775:
3533:
3466:
have had to be protected by "swatting flies" of other unwanted ideologies.
3412:
3383:
3299:
3271:
2610:
2540:
2249:
1470:
1362:
1339:
1312:
1104:
767:
5444:
5439:
5294:
4665:"Cisco Leak: 'Great Firewall' of China Was a Chance to Sell More Routers"
4061:
3812:
3726:
2908:
2790:
2696:
2549:
2464:
2126:
2089:
2077:
1584:
1039:
854:
840:
365:
211:
163:
5174:
was created from a revision of this article dated 13 July 2010
4508:"Web mystery: China Internet traffic winds up in Wyoming - NBC News.com"
3932:(GFW), which has a different mission. The differences are listed below:
1767:
State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense
4839:"Splinternet Behind the Great Firewall of China: The Fight Against GFW"
3943:
3740:
3677:
3529:
2958:
2902:
2402:
2302:
2189:
1831:
1803:
1610:
1477:
1453:
1346:
1207:
985:
Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission
869:
824:
785:
771:
755:
702:
220:
184:
175:
153:
109:
100:
3382:
nationwide network-security fundamental constructional project by the
4995:"Putin brings China's Great Firewall to Russia in cybersecurity pact"
4375:
3840:
3722:
3696:
2837:
2662:
2440:
2425:
2398:
1915:
1298:
1233:
1092:
944:
885:
798:
573:
202:
3847:
are free programs that circumvent the China firewall using multiple
3672:
programs have censored Web sites that include (among other things):
5031:
4512:
3836:
3704:
3625:
3537:
3451:
2964:
1753:
1735:
1558:
1502:
1271:
877:
834:
794:
193:
118:
3721:
Web sites that contain anything the Chinese authorities regard as
3844:
3532:
from being routed through and consists of standard firewalls and
2325:
3964:
The GFW is very powerful in scientific research, including many
5434:
5279:
5264:
4873:, Richard Clayton, Steven J. Murdoch, and Robert N. M. Watson,
4399:
4162:
Dǎkāi chuānghù, xīnxiān kōngqì hé cāngying jiù huì yìqǐ jìnlái.
4156:
4131:
4012:
3771:
3711:
3365:
2626:
2417:
2390:
1219:
912:
899:
846:
809:
802:
583:
2411:
Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization
1412:
State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission
3750:
Most blogging sites experience frequent or permanent outages.
3630:
Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China
3600:
Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China
3379:
3064:
2667:
4290:"How China's Internet Police Control Speech on the Internet"
3761:. This sometimes has considerable impact on search results.
23:, which might only be one part of the Golden Shield Project.
5417:
4405:
Who Controls the Internet?: Illusions of a Borderless World
3715:
3427:
2384:
Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture
5449:
5054:"Russia's chief internet censor enlists China's know-how"
4897:"First, China. Next: the Great Firewall of... Australia?"
3958:
3854:
3826:
5086:"War censorship exposes Putin's leaky internet controls"
4247:
3923:
4993:
Soldatov, Andrei; Borogan, Irina (29 November 2016).
4794:"Google's China Problem (and China's Google Problem)"
4037:
Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China
3516:
A subsystem of the Golden Shield has been nicknamed "
3489:
In 1998, the Chinese Communist Party feared that the
3393:
The Golden Shield Project is one of the 12 important
1857:
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
4885:, doi:10.1007/11957454_2. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
3916:, in order to combat disinformation and enforce the
3605:
Members participated in the phase I project include
2678:
Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs
226:
Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members
4970:"Going online in Cuba: Internet under surveillance"
3376:
National Public Security Work Informational Project
2929:
Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits
1165:
Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation
5061:
4628:(in Chinese (China)). 9 April 2006. Archived from
3978:Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
3851:, but still behave as though the user is in China.
16:Chinese internet censorship and monitoring project
4975:. Reporters Without Borders. 2006. Archived from
4254:Public Sentinel: News Media and Governance Reform
5485:
3987:, whereas the Golden Shield Project is built by
5355:Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
5238:
4992:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4748:"China's media censorship rattling world image"
3928:The Golden Shield Project is distinct from the
3867:Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society
3105:State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs
4568:"Costs and Benefits of Running a National ARD"
3942:The original requirements of the GFW are from
2332:Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police
330:"People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1)
5224:
4922:"Critics blast 'great firewall of Australia'"
3326:
2449:National Press and Publication Administration
1150:Education, Science, Culture and Public Health
4823:
4311:
4282:
4028:International Freedom of Expression Exchange
3028:International Development Cooperation Agency
2480:National Radio and Television Administration
1646:Reform & Organizational Structure Office
1376:National Development & Reform Commission
954:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
818:Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission
4861:, 24 March 2010. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
4584:
4394:
1253:State Council (Central People's Government)
863:Financial & Economic Affairs Commission
5231:
5217:
5028:"China: The architect of Putin's firewall"
4962:
4319:"China's Man-on-the-Side Attack on GitHub"
3333:
3319:
341:Constitutional oath of office (Article 27)
5345:China Internet Network Information Center
4739:
3782:, founder of London-based pressure group
3745:International Tibet Independence Movement
3543:. The system also selectively engages in
3085:International Military Cooperation Office
2353:Office for Safeguarding National Security
998:Central Leading Group for Inspection Work
356:Highest state organ of power (Article 57)
5182:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
5165:
4791:
4785:
4745:
4532:
4047:List of government surveillance projects
2897:Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs
2877:Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
1725:National Defense Mobilization Commission
932:Office of the Central Secrecy Commission
4894:
4877:, Springer-Verlag (2006), pages 20-35,
4590:
4444:
3877:
3796:Evasion of Internet censorship in China
3173:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
2242:CCP Central Politics and Law Commission
1922:People's Procuratorates Judicial Police
346:Protection of human rights (Article 33)
5486:
4871:"Ignoring the Great Firewall of China"
4855:"Leaping the Great Firewall of China "
4717:
4715:
3566:
3201:China and the World Trade Organization
3137:Visa requirements for Chinese citizens
2274:Public Security Organs People's Police
568:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
5212:
5199:China Digital Times: Internet Control
4746:Marquand, Robert (24 February 2006).
4698:"首屆「2002年中國大型機構信息化展覽會」全國31省市金盾工程領導雲集"
4538:
4241:
3548:described as "the Chinese autonomous
2620:Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission
2569:Overseas censorship of Chinese issues
2309:State Security Organs People's Police
1865:Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
1798:CMC Leading Group for Military Reform
1631:Politics and Legal Affairs Commission
5388:China Telecommunications Corporation
5204:Breaking Through the "Golden Shield"
5113:(in Chinese (China)). Archived from
5104:
4731:(in Chinese (China)). Archived from
4662:
4539:Watts, Jonathan (20 February 2006).
3789:
3060:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
2882:Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement
4712:
4437:首屆「2002年中國大型機構信息化展覽會」全國31省市金盾工程領導雲集
3924:Differences from the Great Firewall
3657:
3165:National Immigration Administration
2210:Federation of Industry and Commerce
1847:Anti-corruption campaign since 2012
1605:National Defense Mobilization Dept.
406:General Principles of the Civil Law
13:
5360:Cyberspace Administration of China
5152:
4704:. 19 December 2002. Archived from
2953:Central Foreign Affairs Commission
2635:Cyberspace Administration of China
642:Two Establishes and Two Safeguards
14:
5515:
5133:
4792:Thompson, Clive (23 April 2006).
3908:Since at least 2015, the Russian
3689:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
3664:List of websites blocked in China
3458:, the reform led China towards a
3206:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
2063:Political Consultative Conference
1651:Int'l Military Cooperation Office
1636:Science and Technology Commission
1592:Training and Administration Dept.
1439:Central Military Commission (CMC)
612:Scientific Outlook on Development
336:Democratic centralism (Article 3)
5365:State Council Information Office
5164:
4895:Kamenev, Marina (16 June 2010).
3968:scientists, such as people from
3914:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
3885:suspects that countries such as
3293:
2459:State Council Information Office
2281:State Immigration Administration
1697:
1687:
1670:
1618:Discipline Inspection Commission
1140:Supervisory and Judicial Affairs
351:Freedom of religion (Article 36)
44:
5098:
5078:
5060:. 29 April 2016. Archived from
5046:
5020:
4986:
4940:
4914:
4888:
4864:
4848:
4814:
4767:
4690:
4656:
4636:
4612:
4593:"The Connection Has Been Reset"
4560:
4500:
4474:
4458:. 28 March 2008. Archived from
4456:Amnesty International Australia
4430:
4388:
4368:
4359:
4334:
4325:
4142:
3753:Web sites deemed as subversive.
3110:Overseas Chinese Affairs Office
2495:China Global Television Network
2475:Ministry of Culture and Tourism
2339:Bureau of Prison Administration
1899:People's Courts Judicial Police
1826:National Supervisory Commission
907:Office of the General Secretary
5275:Chinese Domain Name Consortium
5270:China Next Generation Internet
4452:"What is internet censorship?"
4223:
4198:
4180:
4161:
4136:
4112:
4100:
4091:
4082:
4003:Blocking of Knowledge by China
3970:Harbin Institute of Technology
3857:(virtual private network) and
3370:
3229:China–European Union relations
2721:Special administrative regions
1906:Supreme People's Procuratorate
1145:Financial and Economic Affairs
1:
4753:The Christian Science Monitor
4591:Fallows, James (March 2008).
4173:
3249:China–United States relations
3234:China–Latin America relations
3095:NPC Foreign Affairs Committee
2691:HK & Macau Affairs Office
2434:Central Propaganda Department
2286:Local public security bureaus
1661:Offices Administration Agency
1170:Agriculture and Rural Affairs
5504:2003 establishments in China
5499:1998 establishments in China
5494:Internet censorship in China
4032:Internet censorship in China
3588:, since September 2003, the
3196:China and the United Nations
3100:CCP International Department
3080:Ministry of National Defense
3007:Diplomatic missions of China
2867:Taiwan independence movement
2588:Publishing industry in China
2121:United Front Work Department
1966:Regular Disciplined Services
1956:Law enforcement in Hong Kong
1762:Ministry of Veterans Affairs
1744:Ministry of National Defense
779:National Security Commission
619:Harmonious Socialist Society
510:Death sentence with reprieve
484:Administrative Procedure Law
28:Internet censorship in China
19:Not to be confused with the
7:
5249:Telecommunications industry
5240:Telecommunications in China
4251:; World Bank Staff (2009).
3995:
3974:Chinese Academy of Sciences
3703:and the Chinese edition of
3699:sites. These sites include
3644:
3624:, phase I cost 6.4 billion
3417:Ministry of Public Security
3188:Community of Common Destiny
2978:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2848:Republic of China on Taiwan
2258:Ministry of Public Security
1579:Equipment Development Dept.
746:Central Military Commission
10:
5520:
4068:Who Controls the Internet?
3793:
3661:
3575:
3437:
3388:People's Republic of China
2843:Political status of Taiwan
2293:Ministry of State Security
1993:Public Prosecutions Office
1793:Military reform since 2015
1405:Deputy Secretaries-General
1175:Social Development Affairs
1056:National People's Congress
594:Primary stage of socialism
562:Admission Oath (Article 6)
129:Current provincial leaders
25:
18:
5458:
5428:Datang Telecom Technology
5408:
5373:
5335:
5255:
5246:
4152:
4122:
3883:Reporters Without Borders
3865:co-director of Harvard's
3356:
3224:China–Caribbean relations
2808:Mainland & Macau CEPA
2507:China Radio International
2454:China Film Administration
1641:Strategic Planning Office
1371:Cabinet-level departments
463:Intellectual property law
5315:List of websites blocked
4723:
4644:
4620:
4482:"The art of concealment"
4075:
3622:China Central Television
3475:socialist market economy
3448:socialist market economy
3267:Administrative divisions
3048:Belt and Road Initiative
2745:Hong Kong SAR Government
2716:One country, two systems
2704:Hong Kong Liaison Office
2490:China Central Television
2000:Secretariat for Security
1676:People's Liberation Army
1417:most Central Enterprises
1160:Overseas Chinese Affairs
599:Four Cardinal Principles
5105:自曲主编 (30 August 2009).
4410:Oxford University Press
4259:World Bank Publications
3743:, his teachings or the
3639:Resident Identity Cards
3634:public security bureaus
3464:Chinese Communist Party
3405:Great Firewall of China
3239:China–Pacific relations
3118:Chinese nationality law
2010:Unitary Police Services
1667:National armed forces:
1083:Council of Chairpersons
939:Organization Department
671:National Party Congress
376:Socialist law tradition
253:Organization Department
21:Great Firewall of China
5160:
5140:Listen to this article
4018:Green Dam Youth Escort
3739:Sites linked with the
3732:Web sites relating to
3615:United States Congress
3487:
3244:China–Russia relations
3214:China–Africa relations
3043:China Development Bank
3019:Foreign aid from China
2860:"Taiwan Province", PRC
2828:Cross-Strait relations
2821:Cross-Strait relations
2774:Mainland & HK CEPA
2215:People's organizations
2022:Public Security Police
1971:Hong Kong Police Force
1932:Judiciary of Hong Kong
1883:Supreme People's Court
1788:Military modernization
1566:Logistic Support Dept.
299:Previous constitutions
172:Communist Party leader
67:Leadership generations
5322:Mobile phone industry
5310:Golden Shield Project
5159:
4663:Stirland, Sarah Lai.
4652:(in Chinese (China)).
4023:Human rights in China
3784:Privacy International
3710:Sites related to the
3491:China Democracy Party
3482:
3349:Golden Shield Project
2916:Taiwan Affairs Office
2767:Independence movement
2752:Politics of Hong Kong
1988:Court of Final Appeal
1949:Prosecutions Division
1944:Department of Justice
1937:Court of Final Appeal
1693:People's Armed Police
1386:National Audit Office
1017:Provincial committee
248:Collective leadership
243:Democratic centralism
124:Current state leaders
79:Hu–Wen Administration
5423:Datang Telecom Group
5290:Electronics industry
5191:More spoken articles
4206:"CIECC E-government"
3983:The GFW is built by
3966:information security
3878:Exporting technology
3557:2008 Summer Olympics
3452:political ideologies
3432:GitHub on 2015/03/28
3219:China–Arab relations
3151:Visa policy of China
3070:New Development Bank
3033:Ministry of Commerce
2796:Macau SAR Government
2709:Macau Liaison Office
2502:China National Radio
2185:Historical parties:
2005:Macau Security Force
1553:Political Work Dept.
1191:State representative
1135:Constitution and Law
920:Central Guard Bureau
589:Deng Xiaoping Theory
366:Chinese legal system
181:State representative
143:Orders of precedence
106:20th Party Politburo
85:Xi–Li Administration
5410:Equipment suppliers
5337:Government agencies
5305:Internet censorship
5066:on 11 December 2022
4859:Wall Street Journal
4841:, Daniel Anderson,
4724:金盾二期工程将以信息整合应用为建设重点
4621:金盾工程数据库包括12亿多中国人的信息
4153:打开窗户，新鲜空气和苍蝇就会一起进来。
4008:Censorship in China
3670:Internet censorship
3607:Tsinghua University
3567:Actions and purpose
3545:DNS cache poisoning
3526:Great Wall of China
3524:and to the ancient
3456:Cultural Revolution
3450:". Superseding the
3421:government of China
2997:Diplomatic missions
2969:Secretary-General:
2887:Chinese unification
2731:Hong Kong Basic Law
2601:Internet censorship
2559:Censorship in China
2316:Ministry of Justice
1842:Corruption in China
1214:Presidential Office
853:Secretary-General:
736:Central Secretariat
637:Four Comprehensives
441:Labour Contract Law
371:Civil law tradition
208:Conference Chairman
97:4th Leadership Core
72:Succession of power
5161:
5034:. 21 February 2017
4928:. 15 December 2009
4799:The New York Times
4645:中国“金盾工程”一期工程通过国家验收
4541:"War of the words"
4520:on 23 January 2014
4396:Goldsmith, Jack L.
4137:fánghuǒ chángchéng
4109:, or 网监局 for short
3918:war censorship law
3767:The New York Times
3586:Xinhua News Agency
3518:the Great Firewall
3038:Exim Bank of China
2872:Anti-Secession Law
2762:Pro-democracy camp
2528:China News Service
2514:Xinhua News Agency
2068:National Committee
1983:Judiciary of Macau
1912:Procurator-General
1125:Special Committees
1073:Standing Committee
1031:Deputy secretaries
1021:Standing committee
964:Standing Committee
925:Central Guard Unit
723:Standing Committee
627:Xi Jinping Thought
584:Mao Zedong Thought
500:Capital punishment
478:Administrative law
217:Commander-in-chief
190:Head of government
115:14th State Council
5481:
5480:
5375:Telecom operators
5157:
5117:on 4 January 2010
4268:978-0-8213-8200-4
4057:Politics of China
4042:Internet in China
3790:Bypass techniques
3693:freedom of speech
3668:Mainland Chinese
3584:According to the
3503:Internet security
3471:Internet in China
3407:(GFW) which is a
3395:"golden" projects
3343:
3342:
3282:Ethnic minorities
3183:Beijing Consensus
3123:Chinese passports
2963:Deputy Director:
2946:Foreign relations
2833:Chinese Civil War
2803:Politics of Macau
2596:Internet in China
2485:China Media Group
2424:Deputy Director:
2361:Urban Management
2110:Political parties
2097:Secretary-General
2084:Vice-Chairpersons
1818:Supervisory organ
1703:China Coast Guard
1537:Joint Staff Dept.
1448:supreme commander
1400:Secretary-General
1359:Secretary-General
1113:Secretary-General
1099:Vice-Chairpersons
876:Deputy Director:
831:Deputy Directors:
712:Central Politburo
692:General Secretary
681:Central Committee
541:Principal leaders
199:Congress Chairman
91:Xi Administration
87:(2012–2017)
81:(2002–2012)
37:Politics of China
5511:
5233:
5226:
5219:
5210:
5209:
5181:
5179:
5168:
5167:
5158:
5148:
5146:
5141:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5094:. 14 March 2022.
5091:Associated Press
5082:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5065:
5050:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5039:
5024:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5013:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4982:on 3 March 2009.
4981:
4974:
4966:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4950:. 26 August 2019
4944:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4892:
4886:
4868:
4862:
4857:, Emily Parker,
4852:
4846:
4836:
4821:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4719:
4710:
4709:
4708:on 4 March 2010.
4702:The Adsale Group
4694:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4660:
4654:
4653:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4632:on 5 March 2016.
4616:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4573:. Archived from
4572:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4516:. Archived from
4504:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4462:on 27 April 2015
4448:
4442:
4441:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4392:
4386:
4372:
4366:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4338:
4332:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4302:
4300:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4231:"何谓"两网一站四库十二金"？"
4227:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4184:
4167:
4163:
4154:
4146:
4140:
4138:
4129:
4116:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4095:
4089:
4086:
3701:Voice of America
3685:police brutality
3658:Censored content
3522:network firewall
3511:face recognition
3507:video monitoring
3372:
3371:jīndùn gōngchéng
3363:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3300:China portal
3298:
3297:
3296:
2757:Pro-Beijing camp
2740:John Lee Ka-chiu
2397:Deputy Leaders:
2347:
2035:
2027:Judiciary Police
2018:
1776:Military history
1701:
1691:
1681:Theater commands
1674:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1480:
1473:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1324:State Councilors
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1258:Li Qiang Cabinet
1119:
849:
843:
837:
699:
606:Three Represents
579:Marxism–Leninism
505:Capital offences
395:List of statutes
150:Paramount leader
138:National leaders
48:
32:
31:
5519:
5518:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5454:
5404:
5369:
5350:Internet police
5331:
5251:
5242:
5237:
5195:
5194:
5183:
5177:
5175:
5172:This audio file
5169:
5162:
5153:
5150:
5144:
5143:
5139:
5136:
5131:
5130:
5120:
5118:
5103:
5099:
5084:
5083:
5079:
5069:
5067:
5058:Financial Times
5052:
5051:
5047:
5037:
5035:
5026:
5025:
5021:
5011:
5009:
4991:
4987:
4979:
4972:
4968:
4967:
4963:
4953:
4951:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4931:
4929:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4905:
4903:
4893:
4889:
4869:
4865:
4853:
4849:
4837:
4824:
4819:
4815:
4805:
4803:
4790:
4786:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4758:
4756:
4744:
4740:
4735:on 31 May 2009.
4725:
4721:
4720:
4713:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4681:
4679:
4661:
4657:
4650:Radio Free Asia
4646:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4622:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4603:
4601:
4589:
4585:
4580:on 6 July 2006.
4577:
4570:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4551:
4549:
4537:
4533:
4523:
4521:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4491:
4489:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4465:
4463:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4424:
4393:
4389:
4373:
4369:
4364:
4360:
4350:
4348:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4330:
4326:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4298:
4296:
4294:Radio Free Asia
4288:
4287:
4283:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4261:. p. 360.
4246:
4242:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4214:
4212:
4210:en.ciecc.com.cn
4204:
4203:
4199:
4186:
4185:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4147:
4143:
4117:
4113:
4105:
4101:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4083:
4078:
4073:
3998:
3989:Shen Changxiang
3926:
3880:
3798:
3792:
3666:
3660:
3647:
3632:and from other
3595:Public Security
3590:Public Security
3578:
3569:
3440:
3425:Man-on-the-side
3339:
3310:
3306:Other countries
3294:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3277:Family planning
3262:
3254:
3253:
3210:
3192:
3178:Panda diplomacy
3169:
3114:
3091:
3076:
3015:
3003:
2948:
2938:
2937:
2907:Deputy Leader:
2893:
2823:
2813:
2812:
2787:Chief Executive
2782:Macao Basic Law
2778:
2736:Chief Executive
2727:
2673:
2672:
2652:
2651:
2644:
2629:
2592:
2555:
2443:
2428:
2420:
2405:
2393:
2379:
2369:
2368:
2357:
2341:
2328:
2305:
2270:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2235:
2231:Law enforcement
2220:
2219:
2204:
2178:
2080:
2058:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2029:
2012:
1979:
1961:Security Bureau
1928:
1918:
1895:
1877:
1876:
1875:Judicial organs
1871:
1861:
1853:
1838:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1783:Armed conflicts
1756:
1738:
1727:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1365:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1274:
1247:
1246:
1245:Executive organ
1241:
1236:
1210:
1193:
1192:
1155:Foreign Affairs
1111:
1095:
1063:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1014:
888:
880:
872:
857:
845:
839:
833:
832:
827:
812:
793:
788:
766:
758:
730:
690:
665:
664:
657:
621:
614:
570:
556:
555:
529:
527:Communist Party
519:
518:
491:
474:
401:
389:Legislation Law
362:
332:
321:
289:
288:
268:
267:
232:Related systems
166:
62:
39:
30:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5517:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5420:
5414:
5412:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5385:
5379:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5341:
5339:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5285:Digital divide
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5261:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5236:
5235:
5228:
5221:
5213:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5184:
5170:
5163:
5151:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:External links
5132:
5129:
5128:
5097:
5077:
5045:
5019:
4985:
4961:
4939:
4913:
4887:
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4488:. 6 April 2013
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4052:Media of China
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3944:the 610 office
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3930:Great Firewall
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3833:, can be used.
3823:Garlic routing
3816:
3809:
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3788:
3759:search engines
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3662:Main article:
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3561:Internet cafés
3550:routing domain
3460:market economy
3439:
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2606:Great Firewall
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2581:Internal media
2576:Media of China
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2534:People's Daily
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792:Vice-Chairman:
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5393:China Telecom
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5327:Online gaming
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4883:3-540-68790-4
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4519:
4515:
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4509:
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4487:
4486:The Economist
4483:
4477:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4447:
4438:
4433:
4425:
4423:0-19-515266-2
4419:
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4407:
4406:
4401:
4397:
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4362:
4347:
4346:Chinanews.com
4343:
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4314:
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4249:Norris, Pippa
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3990:
3986:
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3956:
3955:
3954:
3953:Technically,
3948:
3945:
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3938:
3937:
3936:
3935:Politically,
3933:
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3835:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3819:Onion routing
3817:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3806:Proxy servers
3804:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3764:According to
3762:
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3752:
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3640:
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3623:
3620:According to
3618:
3616:
3612:
3611:Cisco Systems
3608:
3603:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3587:
3582:
3573:
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3534:proxy servers
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3444:Deng Xiaoping
3435:
3433:
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3422:
3419:(MPS) of the
3418:
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3017:
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2992:Spokespersons
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2684:Ding Xuexiang
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2564:Radio jamming
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2296:
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2268:Wang Xiaohong
2265:
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2259:
2256:
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2128:
2124:
2123:
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2119:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2102:
2101:Wang Dongfeng
2098:
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1719:State Council
1717:
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1530:Zhong Shaojun
1527:
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1520:Departments:
1519:
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1461:Vice Chairmen
1459:
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1337:
1334:
1333:Wang Xiaohong
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1306:Zhang Guoqing
1303:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1292:Ding Xuexiang
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1278:Vice-Premiers
1276:
1273:
1269:
1265:
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769:
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763:Vice Chairmen
760:
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749:
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747:
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741:
737:
734:
728:
724:
720:
719:
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669:
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663:
650:
647:
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638:
635:
633:
632:Chinese Dream
630:
629:
628:
625:
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616:
615:
613:
609:
607:
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318:
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301:
300:
297:
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292:
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285:
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280:
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272:
271:
264:
263:Civil service
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
238:Unified power
236:
235:
231:
230:
227:
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209:
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197:
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135:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
116:
113:
111:
107:
104:
102:
98:
95:
94:
93:(since 2017)
92:
89:
86:
83:
80:
77:
76:
73:
70:
68:
65:
64:
61:
56:
55:
52:
51:
47:
43:
42:
38:
34:
33:
29:
22:
5400:China Unicom
5383:China Mobile
5309:
5119:. Retrieved
5115:the original
5110:
5100:
5089:
5080:
5068:. Retrieved
5063:the original
5048:
5036:. Retrieved
5022:
5010:. Retrieved
4999:The Guardian
4998:
4988:
4977:the original
4964:
4954:22 September
4952:. Retrieved
4942:
4932:22 September
4930:. Retrieved
4925:
4916:
4906:22 September
4904:. Retrieved
4900:
4890:
4874:
4866:
4858:
4850:
4842:
4816:
4804:. Retrieved
4797:
4787:
4778:
4769:
4757:. Retrieved
4751:
4741:
4733:the original
4728:
4706:the original
4701:
4692:
4680:. Retrieved
4668:
4658:
4649:
4638:
4630:the original
4625:
4614:
4602:. Retrieved
4598:The Atlantic
4596:
4586:
4575:the original
4562:
4550:. Retrieved
4546:The Guardian
4544:
4534:
4522:. Retrieved
4518:the original
4511:
4502:
4490:. Retrieved
4485:
4476:
4464:. Retrieved
4460:the original
4446:
4440:(in Chinese)
4432:
4408:. New York:
4404:
4390:
4370:
4361:
4349:. Retrieved
4345:
4336:
4327:
4313:
4304:
4297:. Retrieved
4284:
4272:. Retrieved
4253:
4243:
4234:
4225:
4213:. Retrieved
4209:
4200:
4191:
4182:
4160:
4144:
4135:
4114:
4102:
4093:
4084:
4066:
3985:Fang Binxing
3952:
3934:
3927:
3910:Roskomnadzor
3907:
3881:
3849:open proxies
3813:ICP licenses
3799:
3780:Simon Davies
3776:Google China
3765:
3763:
3756:
3667:
3652:
3648:
3619:
3604:
3583:
3579:
3570:
3554:
3530:IP addresses
3515:
3488:
3483:
3479:
3468:
3441:
3413:surveillance
3401:
3399:
3392:
3384:e-government
3375:
3369:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3272:Hukou system
2611:Great Cannon
2548:
2541:Global Times
2539:
2532:
2518:
2463:
2362:
2250:Chen Wenqing
2116:CCP (ruling)
2088:Top-ranked:
2056:United front
1656:Audit Office
1471:Zhang Youxia
1381:Central bank
1363:Wu Zhenglong
1340:Wu Zhenglong
1313:Liu Guozhong
1105:Li Hongzhong
1103:Top-ranked:
768:Zhang Youxia
662:Organization
549:Constitution
495:Criminal law
483:
455:Property Law
454:
449:Property law
440:
433:
422:Marriage Law
421:
413:
405:
388:
294:Constitution
279:Constitution
5445:Ningbo Bird
5440:Konka Group
5295:ICP license
5070:10 December
5038:10 December
4802:. p. 8
4682:28 December
4492:3 September
4466:21 February
4107:公共信息网络安全监察局
4088:全国公安工作信息化工程
4062:Splinternet
4030:– monitors
3727:pornography
3555:During the
3536:at the six
2909:Wang Huning
2853:Taiwan Area
2791:Ho Iat-seng
2697:Xia Baolong
2550:China Today
2465:China Daily
2363:(chengguan)
2342: [
2248:Secretary:
2127:Shi Taifeng
2090:Shi Taifeng
2078:Wang Huning
2030: [
2013: [
1622:Secretary:
1585:Xu Xueqiang
1040:Party group
989:Secretary:
855:Wang Huning
841:Wang Huning
417:(From 2021)
212:Wang Huning
164:Peng Liyuan
5488:Categories
5473:Television
5187:Audio help
5178:2010-07-13
5107:"阅后即焚：GFW"
4524:23 January
4412:. p.
4384:0415325978
4274:11 January
4174:References
3825:, such as
3794:See also:
3741:Dalai Lama
3678:Falun Gong
3509:and human
3409:censorship
2959:Xi Jinping
2957:Director:
2920:Director:
2903:Xi Jinping
2695:Director:
2640:Director:
2625:Director:
2416:Director:
2403:Shen Yiqin
2377:Propaganda
2303:Chen Yixin
1832:Liu Jinguo
1830:Director:
1804:Xi Jinping
1611:Liu Faqing
1609:Director:
1596:Director:
1583:Director:
1570:Director:
1557:Director:
1546:Liu Zhenli
1528:Director:
1496:Liu Zhenli
1478:He Weidong
1454:Xi Jinping
1347:Shen Yiqin
1208:Xi Jinping
898:Director:
870:Xi Jinping
868:Director:
825:Xi Jinping
823:Director:
786:Xi Jinping
784:Chairman:
772:He Weidong
756:Xi Jinping
703:Xi Jinping
468:Patent law
434:Labour Law
428:Labour law
414:Civil Code
221:Xi Jinping
185:Xi Jinping
176:Xi Jinping
160:First lady
154:Xi Jinping
110:Xi Jinping
101:Xi Jinping
60:Leadership
26:See also:
5121:30 August
5007:0261-3077
4677:1059-1028
4376:Routledge
4351:28 August
4342:"中国接入互联网"
4235:中国网--网上中国
4192:中国网--网上中国
3887:Australia
3873:behavior.
3841:Ultrasurf
3736:activity.
3723:obscenity
3712:Taiwanese
3697:democracy
3495:provinces
3378:, is the
3155:Hong Kong
3141:Hong Kong
3127:Hong Kong
2838:One China
2663:Hong Kong
2441:Li Shulei
2426:Li Shulei
2399:Li Shulei
1916:Ying Yong
1893:Zhang Jun
1889:President
1598:Wang Peng
1572:Zhang Lin
1488:Members:
1299:He Lifeng
1234:Han Zheng
1200:President
1184:Presidium
1093:Zhao Leji
1068:Elections
1026:Secretary
974:Secretary
945:Li Ganjie
886:He Lifeng
799:Zhao Leji
649:Democracy
574:Communism
409:(to 2020)
258:Elections
203:Zhao Leji
5300:Internet
5189: ·
5032:Eurozine
4926:ABC News
4513:NBC News
4402:(2006).
3996:See also
3899:Zimbabwe
3837:Freegate
3734:criminal
3705:BBC News
3645:Phase II
3541:gateways
3538:Internet
3023:to China
3011:in China
2983:Minister
2965:Li Qiang
2922:Song Tao
2901:Leader:
2682:Leader:
2389:Leader:
2322:Minister
2299:Minister
2264:Minister
2074:Chairman
1802:Leader:
1754:Dong Jun
1750:Minister
1736:Li Qiang
1732:Chairman
1559:Miao Hua
1503:Miao Hua
1444:Chairman
1272:Li Qiang
1089:Chairman
1002:Leader:
878:Li Qiang
835:Li Qiang
795:Li Qiang
752:Chairman
553:ideology
194:Li Qiang
119:Li Qiang
5463:Economy
5257:History
5176: (
5147:minutes
4779:Pbs.org
4400:Wu, Tim
4299:11 June
4149:Chinese
4119:Chinese
3903:Belarus
3895:Vietnam
3845:Psiphon
3576:Phase I
3454:of the
3438:History
3386:of the
3380:Chinese
3353:Chinese
2987:Wang Yi
2971:Wang Yi
2326:He Rong
1710:Militia
1266: (
1264:Premier
1218:Chief:
911:Chief:
534:History
5435:Huawei
5280:CNGrid
5265:CERNET
5012:4 July
5005:
4881:
4806:22 May
4759:22 May
4675:
4604:22 May
4420:
4382:
4265:
4188:"金盾工程"
4159::
4157:pinyin
4151::
4134::
4132:pinyin
4121::
4013:Cypher
3976:, and
3843:, and
3772:Google
3499:cities
3368::
3366:pinyin
3355::
2627:Cai Qi
2439:Head:
2418:Cai Qi
2391:Cai Qi
2125:Head:
1220:Cai Qi
1117:Liu Qi
943:Head:
913:Cai Qi
900:Cai Qi
847:Cai Qi
810:Cai Qi
803:Cai Qi
551:&
5468:Media
4980:(PDF)
4973:(PDF)
4843:Queue
4669:Wired
4578:(PDF)
4571:(PDF)
4552:3 May
4215:4 May
4076:Notes
3716:blogs
3159:Macau
3145:Macau
3131:Macau
3065:BRICS
2668:Macau
2346:]
2159:CPWDP
2149:CNDCA
2034:]
2017:]
1542:Chief
1004:Li Xi
978:Li Xi
5418:Amoi
5123:2009
5111:自曲新闻
5072:2019
5040:2019
5014:2017
5003:ISSN
4956:2022
4934:2022
4908:2022
4901:Time
4879:ISBN
4808:2011
4761:2011
4729:计世资讯
4684:2023
4673:ISSN
4606:2011
4554:2010
4526:2014
4494:2018
4468:2011
4418:ISBN
4380:ISBN
4353:2013
4301:2013
4276:2011
4263:ISBN
4217:2022
3959:ISPs
3901:and
3891:Cuba
3855:VPNs
3821:and
3626:yuan
3497:and
3469:The
3428:DDoS
3411:and
3347:The
2195:CDSP
2174:TDSL
2164:CZGP
2154:CAPD
2139:RCCK
1282:list
1268:list
1204:list
1077:14th
1060:14th
968:20th
958:20th
740:20th
727:20th
716:20th
696:list
685:20th
675:20th
383:Laws
317:1978
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