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173:. Most grave goods recovered by archaeologists consist of inorganic objects such as pottery and stone and metal tools, but organic objects that have since decayed were also placed in ancient tombs. If grave goods were to be useful to the deceased in the afterlife, then favorite foods or everyday objects were supplied. Oftentimes, social status played a role in what was left and how often it was left.
534:
Grave goods continue to be important in modern funerary rituals. In contemporary
English and American culture, bodies may be buried with goods such as eyewear, jewelry, photographs, and letters. In addition, objects are sometimes left above ground near or on top of gravestones. Flowers are common,
512:
Along with social status, grave goods also shed light on the societal norms with regards to sex. Common binary societies had women perform duties such as mothering, processing activities, cooking, etc. and men perform duties such as hunting and fighting. These societies would bury their women with
485:
cannot be overestimated. Because of their almost ubiquitous presence throughout the world and throughout prehistory, in many cases the excavation of every-day items placed in burials is the main source of such artifacts in a given prehistoric culture. However, care must be taken to avoid naĂŻve
177:
is a broad term but generally means artworks made specifically to decorate a burial place, such as miniature models of possessions - including slaves or servants - for "use" in an afterlife. (Ancient Egypt sometimes saw the burial of real servants with the deceased. Similar cases of
497:; these wealthier graves may have included earrings, necklaces, and exotic foreign materials such as amber. Some even had the spectacular sighting of gold as their grave goods which contrasted from the less wealthy graves which were more deficient. Also, in a 2001 study on an
486:
interpretation of grave goods as an objective sample of artifacts in use in a culture. Because of their ritual context, grave goods may represent a special class of artifacts, in some instances produced especially for burial. Artwork produced for the burial itself is known as
267:
Model of the warrior's burial 'Hamburg-Marmstorf Grave No. 216', dating to circa 50 A.D., Hamburg-Marmstorf, Hamburg, Germany. At the upper edge are turf and the plough horizon. Below are the burial in a ceramic urn and beneath that the grave
525:
society's women were highly respected warriors. Their graves were full of weapons and horse trappings. When it was difficult to determine sex of the individual due to bone decay, the grave goods became the determining factor.
458:. Many people would assume that the introduction of Christianity led to the absence of grave goods, however, there were many different Christian tombs that were shown to still have grave goods such as jewelry.
1118:
Robb, John; Bigazzi, Renzo; Lazzarini, Luca; Scarsini, Caterina; Sonego, Fiorenza (2001). "Social status and biological status: A comparison of grave goods and skeletal indicators from
Pontecagnano".
509:
indicators on the skeletons, showing that skeletons in wealthy tombs tended to show substantially less evidence of biological stress during adulthood, with fewer broken bones or signs of hard labor.
840:
1094:
247:, where servants or wives of a deceased chieftain are interred with the body. As the inclusion of expensive grave goods and of slaves or retainers became a sign of high status in the
762:
1437:
Woodward, Ann; Hunter, John; Ixer, Rob; Maltby, Mark; Potts, Philip J.; Webb, Peter C.; Watson, John S.; Jones, Michael C. (2005). "Ritual in Some Early Bronze Age
Gravegoods".
1012:"Religious Belief in Burial: Funerary Dress and Practice at the Late Antique and Early Islamic Cemeteries at Matmar and Mostagedda, Egypt (Late Fourth–Early Ninth Centuries CE)"
299:) being buried with grave goods very early in their prehistory. Examples of these items include pots, shells, combs, stone vessels, animal figurines, and slate palettes.
353:. For example, when they buried pharaohs in ancient Egypt, they buried common house hold items, food, vehicles, etc. so they could have a comfortable afterlife.
645:
2871:
466:
490:, while grave goods in the narrow sense are items produced for actual use that are placed in the grave, but in practice the two categories overlap.
1510:
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3224:
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770:
1157:"'Seek and you Shall Find.' How the Analysis of Gendered Patterns in Archaeology can Create False Binaries: a Case Study from Durankulak"
345:), indicating social stratification. It is also possible that burial goods indicate a level of concern and consciousness in regard to an
443:(7th century), the situation may be more complicated. In the Christian Middle Ages, high-status graves are marked on the exterior, with
3056:
2507:
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of slaves, retainers and wives feature in graves in (for example) the
Americas, ancient Germania, and ancient Mesopotamia. Compare
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1078:
995:
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89:
1251:"'I'm glad she has her glasses on. That really makes the difference': Grave goods in English and American death rituals"
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The expression of social status in rich graves is taken to extremes in the royal graves of the Bronze Age. In the
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grave goods or retainers is produced for the burial and deposited in the grave in place of the actual sacrifice.
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46:
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for "from a tomb", on grave goods buried with the dead to discourage their reuse by the living. The tomb of
75:
1724:
1360:
2861:
2401:
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42:
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618:
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The practice of placing grave goods with the dead body has thus an uninterrupted history beginning in the
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had findings to match this society structure. There are societies where the roles are switched. The
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Burials that include intentional artifacts come much later. There is evidence of
Egyptians (of the
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The importance of grave goods, from the simple behavioral and technical to the metaphysical, in
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or expensive tomb stones and still had certain grave goods such as accessories and textiles.
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251:, the prohibitive cost led to the development of "fake" grave goods, where artwork meant to
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865:"Artifacts: Grave Goods, Mummification, Online Exhibits, Exhibits, Spurlock Museum, U of I"
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They are usually personal possessions, supplies to smooth the deceased's journey into an
82:
1373:
Härke, Heinrich (2014). "Grave goods in early medieval burials: messages and meanings".
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are among the most elaborate burials in human history. This trend is continued into the
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grave group including a stone wristguard, copper dagger and bone belt fitting found at
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Grave goods in Bronze Age and Iron Age cemeteries are a good indicator of relative
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1477:, Treasures From the Ancient World, Museum of Ancient and Modern Art, at muma.org
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1991:
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see e.g. William A. Haviland, Harald E. L. Prins, Dana
Walrath, Bunny McBride,
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547:) are sometimes left on American military graves by comrades of the deceased.
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in the 5th and 6th centuries. Similarly, the presence of grave goods in the
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graves tend to show equal distribution of goods, suggesting a more or less
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1986:
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505:, Italy, a correlation was found between the quality of grave goods and
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as grave goods exactly as laid out in the Great Tomb, North
Necropolis,
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248:
1204:"Amazons in the Scythia: New finds at the Middle Don, Southern Russia"
1133:
1095:"BBC – History – Ancient History in depth: Hidden Treasure Fact Files"
841:"BBC – History – Ancient History in depth: Hidden Treasure Fact Files"
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404:. An example of an extremely rich royal grave of the Iron Age is the
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graves lack grave goods, and grave goods tend to disappear with the
24:
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2448:
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2016:
1996:
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393:
369:
1062:
Anglo-Saxon Graves and Grave Goods of the 6th and 7th
Centuries AD
988:
The use of grave-goods in conversion-period
England, c. 600–c. 850
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2011:
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The distribution of grave goods are a potential indicator of the
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as old as 130,000 years. Similar claims have been made for early
206:
133:
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and offerings to the dead, in modern western culture related to
3102:
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1290:"Grieving Outside the Box: Why People Leave Things on Graves"
243:" and related customs. Also closely related is the custom of
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2133:
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as old as 100,000 years. The earliest undisputed cases of
2426:
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2150:
169:. Grave goods may be classed by researchers as a type of
1436:
1412:"Imported Grave Goods and the Early Anglo-Saxon Economy"
598:
Death-Ritual and Social
Structure in Classical Antiquity
314:, beginning in about the 12th to 11th millennium BC.
1315:"Coins on a soldier's headstone: What do they mean?"
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
139:is but one of the treasures found within his tomb.
763:"Top 10 things to know about the Day of the Dead"
216:that was not thoroughly looted in ancient times.
3357:
223:intended for the benefit of the deceased in the
337:burials, rich grave goods are concentrated in "
539:are preferred in Jewish culture. In addition,
435:, although during the period of conversion in
431:in Europe has often been taken as evidence of
380:, 1911. Egyptian Museum, Turin, S. 14051–14055
1504:
1005:
1003:
376:(Old Kingdom), 2435–2305 BC. Excavations by
1161:Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory
1518:
1511:
1497:
1288:adventuresincemeteryhopping (2013-12-13).
1000:
817:"Human Sacrifice | The Ancient Egypt Site"
680:The Buried Soul: How Humans Invented Death
1427:
1121:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1027:
212:is famous because it was one of the few
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1154:
990:, British Archaeological Reports, 1997,
643:
465:
360:
262:
120:
1409:
1312:
1201:
1058:
3358:
1248:
739:"All Souls' Day – Saints & Angels"
718:The Etruscan Language: an Introduction
673:
576:, the traditional Chinese burial goods
461:
2682:
2321:
1587:
1492:
1372:
1009:
887:
513:jewelry and their men with axes. The
356:
2683:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
964:"Terra Cotta Soldiers on the March"
13:
1336:
1148:
792:"What's the Origin of Hell Money?"
529:
14:
3402:
2635:Megalithic architectural elements
1467:
1313:Swanson, Christa (May 27, 2024).
961:
918:Anthropology: The Human Challenge
425:decline of Greco-Roman polytheism
227:. Closely related are customs of
219:Grave goods can be regarded as a
2322:
1343:
154:, are items buried along with a
23:
16:Items buried along with the body
3254:Evolutionary origin of religion
1306:
1281:
1242:
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1111:
1087:
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980:
955:
931:
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901:
881:
857:
833:
720:(Univ. Manchester Press, 2002.
34:needs additional citations for
1451:10.1080/00665983.2005.11020620
1294:Adventures in Cemetery Hopping
1155:Stratton, Susan (2016-08-11).
809:
784:
755:
731:
704:
667:
646:"Ancient Egyptian Grave Goods"
637:
619:"Grave Goods in Ancient Egypt"
611:
587:
1:
3366:Archaeological artefact types
2867:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
2397:British megalith architecture
1202:Guliaev, V. I. (April 2003).
1029:10.3998/ars.13441566.0047.002
728:); several examples collected
580:
272:There are disputed claims of
2862:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
2402:Nordic megalith architecture
1387:10.1080/13576275.2013.870544
1059:Bayliss, Alex (2017-07-05).
1010:PleĹźa, Alexandra D. (2017).
907:The Earliest Beads, muma.org
769:. 2017-10-26. Archived from
396:and the royal graves in the
7:
1255:Journal of Material Culture
1220:10.1080/0043824032000078117
550:
306:deposited in graves in the
10:
3407:
3010:British Isles and Brittany
2931:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
1038:2027/spo.13441566.0047.002
624:World History Encyclopedia
321:of a society. Thus, early
282:anatomically modern humans
258:
189:Where grave goods appear,
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2695:
2678:
2564:
2528:
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2334:
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1955:
1928:
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1770:
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1600:
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1588:
1583:
1526:
1173:10.1007/s10816-016-9290-2
920:, Cengage Learning, 2010
869:www.spurlock.illinois.edu
519:Bulgarian Black Sea Coast
193:is a potential problem.
1267:10.1177/1359183511432987
796:South China Morning Post
3242:Evolutionary musicology
2645:Oldest extant buildings
2572:Archaeological features
2091:Prepared-core technique
1410:Huggett, J. W. (1988).
1249:Harper, Sheila (2012).
644:hooverre (2014-02-06).
366:Conical loaves of bread
310:date to the end of the
197:would scratch the word
3204:Unchambered long cairn
3052:Mound Builders culture
2385:Neolithic architecture
1520:Prehistoric technology
1439:Archaeological Journal
478:
381:
269:
239:), in East Asia the "
140:
2879:List of Stone Age art
2081:Microblade technology
2029:Langdale axe industry
1627:Ard / plough
1071:10.4324/9781315097220
821:www.ancient-egypt.org
469:
415:In the sphere of the
364:
349:and related sense of
319:social stratification
288:burials are found in
266:
124:
3286:Prehistoric medicine
3281:Prehistoric counting
3264:Prehistoric religion
3259:Paleolithic religion
3237:Behavioral modernity
2594:Causewayed enclosure
2486:Abri de la Madeleine
1610:Neolithic Revolution
1416:Medieval Archaeology
968:Smithsonian Magazine
650:Rise of Civilization
378:Ernesto Schiaparelli
43:improve this article
3325:Prehistoric warfare
2071:Magdalenian culture
2034:Levallois technique
1965:Earliest toolmaking
503:Pontecagnano Faiano
462:Role in archaeology
437:Anglo-Saxon England
398:Valley of the Kings
165:, or offerings to
3276:Origin of language
3269:Spiritual drug use
3179:Rectangular dolmen
3081:Dartmoor kistvaens
2894:Carved stone balls
2606:Circular enclosure
2565:Other architecture
2508:Alp pile dwellings
2096:Solutrean industry
2007:Gravettian culture
1657:Secondary products
1482:2020-11-27 at the
1475:The Earliest Beads
600:(Cambridge, 1992;
541:coins for the dead
479:
456:Middle Paleolithic
382:
357:Famous grave sites
290:Upper Palaeolithic
274:intentional burial
270:
245:retainer sacrifice
141:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3298:Prehistoric music
3247:music archaeology
2904:Cup and ring mark
2729:Clothing/textiles
2674:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2116:Yubetsu technique
2101:Striking platform
2066:Lithic technology
1951:
1950:
1936:Game drive system
1855:Projectile points
1747:Mortar and pestle
1208:World Archaeology
1134:10.1002/ajpa.1076
1080:978-1-315-09722-0
996:978-0-86054-917-8
926:978-0-495-81084-1
711:Giuliano Bonfante
537:visitation stones
452:Upper Paleolithic
429:Early Middle Ages
386:Theban Necropolis
327:classless society
312:Upper Paleolithic
119:
118:
111:
93:
3398:
3313:Divje Babe flute
3220:Archaeoastronomy
2963:Petrosomatoglyph
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2529:Water management
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2222:Denticulate tool
2044:Lithic reduction
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894:Man and His Gods
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773:on July 14, 2017
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715:Larissa Bonfante
708:
702:
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683:. Beacon Press.
671:
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662:
661:
652:. Archived from
641:
635:
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615:
609:
591:
517:cemetery on the
308:Fertile Crescent
297:Badarian culture
229:ancestor worship
114:
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94:
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51:
27:
19:
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3391:Human sacrifice
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3354:
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3194:Stone box grave
3164:Megalithic tomb
3069:Cotswold-Severn
3021:
2926:Guardian stones
2854:Prehistoric art
2848:
2691:
2666:
2655:Timber trackway
2560:
2524:
2520:Wattle and daub
2373:
2352:Standing stones
2326:
2305:
2120:
1947:
1924:
1849:
1766:
1676:Food processing
1671:
1620:New World crops
1592:
1579:
1522:
1517:
1484:Wayback Machine
1470:
1465:
1429:10.5284/1071745
1368:
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1339:
1337:Further reading
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962:Lubow, Arthur.
960:
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947:
945:
939:"Mummy History"
937:
936:
932:
915:
911:
906:
902:
889:Smith, Homer W.
886:
882:
873:
871:
863:
862:
858:
849:
847:
839:
838:
834:
825:
823:
815:
814:
810:
801:
799:
790:
789:
785:
776:
774:
761:
760:
756:
747:
745:
743:Catholic Online
737:
736:
732:
709:
705:
695:
693:
691:
675:Taylor, Timothy
672:
668:
659:
657:
642:
638:
629:
627:
617:
616:
612:
592:
588:
583:
553:
545:challenge coins
532:
530:In modern times
464:
441:Frankish Empire
421:early Christian
406:Terracotta Army
359:
261:
237:Day of the Dead
180:human sacrifice
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3404:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3351:
3350:
3347:
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3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3327:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3303:Alligator drum
3295:
3294:
3293:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3239:
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3233:
3232:
3230:lunar calendar
3227:
3216:
3214:
3213:Other cultural
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
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3127:
3117:
3112:
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3110:
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3095:
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3073:
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3061:
3060:
3059:
3049:
3048:
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3042:
3031:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3017:Venus figurine
3014:
3013:
3012:
3007:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2948:Megalithic art
2945:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2906:
2901:
2899:Cave paintings
2896:
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2886:
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2864:
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2797:
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2748:
2743:
2738:
2737:
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2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2701:Material goods
2693:
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2676:
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2668:
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2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
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2500:
2495:
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2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2424:
2419:
2417:Cliff dwelling
2414:
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2404:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2381:
2379:
2375:
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2219:
2214:
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2202:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2002:Fire hardening
1999:
1994:
1992:Clovis culture
1989:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1961:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1915:Manis Mastodon
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1859:
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1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1794:throwing stick
1786:
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1768:
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1469:
1468:External links
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1349:
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1340:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1305:
1280:
1241:
1214:(1): 112–125.
1194:
1167:(3): 854–869.
1147:
1128:(3): 213–222.
1110:
1086:
1079:
1051:
1016:Ars Orientalis
999:
979:
954:
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909:
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880:
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832:
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783:
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689:
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528:
463:
460:
358:
355:
302:Beads made of
260:
257:
241:hell bank note
233:All Souls' Day
214:Egyptian tombs
171:votive deposit
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3403:
3392:
3389:
3387:
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3376:Death customs
3374:
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3369:
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3328:
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3223:
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3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3189:Simple dolmen
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3174:Passage grave
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3120:Gallery grave
3118:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
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3070:
3067:
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3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3035:Burial mounds
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2995:Statue menhir
2993:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2983:Stone carving
2981:
2979:
2976:
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2971:
2969:
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2912:
2911:
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2902:
2900:
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2890:
2887:
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2877:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:Sewing needle
2820:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
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2786:
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2778:
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2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2650:Timber circle
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2599:Tor enclosure
2597:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2587:fulacht fiadh
2585:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2554:
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2534:
2533:
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2527:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
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2499:
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2255:
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2240:
2238:
2235:
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2230:
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2218:
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2203:
2199:
2196:
2194:
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2190:
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2186:
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2171:
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2159:
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2149:
2145:
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2141:
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2137:
2135:
2132:
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2129:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
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2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
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2079:
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2074:
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2069:
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2064:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1918:
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1913:
1911:
1908:
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1903:
1901:
1898:
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1856:
1852:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1823:spear-thrower
1821:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1801:Bow and arrow
1799:
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1713:
1711:
1710:Grinding slab
1708:
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1703:
1699:
1696:
1695:
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1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
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1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1642:Domestication
1640:
1638:
1637:Digging stick
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1615:Founder crops
1613:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1576:
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1569:
1566:
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1561:
1557:
1556:New Stone Age
1554:
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1123:
1122:
1114:
1100:
1099:www.bbc.co.uk
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1065:. Routledge.
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986:Helen Geake,
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969:
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958:
944:
940:
934:
927:
923:
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913:
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897:. p. 16.
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726:0-7190-5540-7
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690:9780807046722
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656:on 2021-01-18
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495:social status
491:
489:
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476:Sittingbourne
473:
468:
459:
457:
454:, if not the
453:
448:
446:
445:tomb effigies
442:
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430:
426:
422:
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410:Qin Shi Huang
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191:grave robbery
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99:February 2008
91:
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63:
60: –
59:
58:"Grave goods"
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3371:Anthropology
3136:
3130:wedge-shaped
3115:Funeral pyre
3108:Great dolmen
3064:Chamber tomb
3045:Round barrow
3000:Stone circle
2872:Blombos Cave
2800:Grooved ware
2724:Chalcolithic
2628:Thornborough
2546:Flush toilet
2481:Blombos Cave
2476:Rock shelter
2432:Quiggly hole
2324:Architecture
2299:illustration
1941:Buffalo jump
1762:Storage pits
1725:Aşıklı Höyük
1715:Ground stone
1551:Subdivisions
1474:
1442:
1438:
1419:
1415:
1381:(1): 41–60.
1378:
1374:
1359:
1358:
1357:profile for
1354:
1322:. Retrieved
1318:
1308:
1297:. Retrieved
1293:
1283:
1261:(1): 43–59.
1258:
1254:
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1197:
1164:
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1150:
1125:
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1113:
1102:. Retrieved
1098:
1089:
1061:
1054:
1022:(20191029).
1019:
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982:
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967:
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946:. Retrieved
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903:
893:
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872:. Retrieved
868:
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848:. Retrieved
844:
835:
824:. Retrieved
820:
811:
800:. Retrieved
798:. 2015-09-03
795:
786:
775:. Retrieved
771:the original
766:
757:
746:. Retrieved
742:
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694:. Retrieved
679:
669:
658:. Retrieved
654:the original
649:
639:
628:. Retrieved
622:
613:
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571:
533:
511:
501:cemetery in
492:
488:funerary art
480:
449:
417:Roman Empire
414:
383:
351:spirituality
331:Chalcolithic
316:
301:
294:
285:
278:Neanderthals
271:
252:
218:
198:
188:
175:Funerary art
160:
152:anthropology
143:
142:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3152:unchambered
3147:Long barrow
3137:Grave goods
3093:Court cairn
3088:Clava cairn
3040:Bowl barrow
2978:Rock cupule
2921:Golden hats
2914:Hill figure
2815:Unstan ware
2795:Cord-marked
2660:Sweet Track
2582:Burnt mound
2503:Stilt house
2491:Sibudu Cave
2284:Tally stick
2252:Quern-stone
2237:Hammerstone
2227:Fire plough
2198:Pesse canoe
2156:Bannerstone
2126:Other tools
2039:Lithic core
1987:Aurignacian
1875:Bare Island
1757:Quern-stone
1361:Grave goods
943:history.com
562:Grave field
543:(including
523:Sauromatian
483:archaeology
374:5th Dynasty
329:, while in
210:Tutankhamun
148:archaeology
144:Grave goods
137:Tutankhamun
3360:Categories
3291:trepanning
3184:Ring cairn
3142:Jar burial
3125:transepted
3057:U.S. sites
2958:Petroglyph
2884:Bird stone
2842:wine press
2515:Stone roof
2498:Roundhouse
2390:long house
2367:Stonehenge
2335:Ceremonial
2279:Stone tool
2106:Tool stone
2076:Metallurgy
1980:Mousterian
1957:Toolmaking
1895:Cumberland
1868:Transverse
1838:Schöningen
1730:Qesem cave
1698:Earth oven
1652:Irrigation
1563:Technology
1531:Prehistory
1319:fox4kc.com
1299:2024-07-12
1104:2020-11-12
973:2020-10-14
948:2020-11-12
874:2020-11-12
850:2020-10-14
826:2020-10-14
802:2020-10-14
777:2020-10-14
748:2020-10-14
660:2020-10-02
630:2020-10-02
594:Ian Morris
581:References
567:Necropolis
515:Durankulak
472:Copper Age
341:" graves (
335:Bronze Age
249:Bronze Age
69:newspapers
3386:Afterlife
3381:Sacrifice
3335:symbolism
3199:Tor cairn
3157:Grønsalen
3098:Cremation
2990:Sculpture
2968:Pictogram
2953:Petroform
2773:amber use
2741:Cosmetics
2551:Reservoir
2536:Check dam
2466:Pueblitos
2461:Pit-house
2444:Longhouse
2378:Dwellings
2247:Microlith
2178:Bow drill
2173:Bone tool
2166:prismatic
1975:Acheulean
1890:Cresswell
1863:Arrowhead
1789:Boomerang
1705:Granaries
1667:Terracing
1546:Stone Age
1459:162333049
1445:: 31–64.
1422:: 63–96.
1403:143771175
1395:1357-6275
1375:Mortality
1275:1359-1835
1228:0043-8243
1189:152224107
1181:1072-5369
1046:2328-1286
928:, p. 268.
891:(2015) .
535:although
347:afterlife
339:chieftain
323:Neolithic
225:afterlife
221:sacrifice
195:Etruscans
163:afterlife
2973:Rock art
2936:painting
2909:Geoglyph
2734:timeline
2714:Beadwork
2454:Mehrgarh
2449:Mudbrick
2357:megalith
2232:Fire-saw
2054:debitage
2049:analysis
2017:Hand axe
1997:Cupstone
1575:Glossary
1536:Timeline
1480:Archived
1324:July 12,
1236:22946203
1142:11424073
696:11 April
677:(2004).
551:See also
507:Forensic
499:Iron Age
439:and the
433:paganism
402:Iron Age
394:pyramids
370:Gebelein
292:sites.
203:Etruscan
3330:Symbols
2941:pigment
2827:Weaving
2790:Cardium
2785:Pottery
2780:Mirrors
2768:Jewelry
2709:Baskets
2689:culture
2541:Cistern
2347:Pyramid
2289:Weapons
2267:Scraper
2257:Racloir
2217:Cleaver
2205:Chopper
2111:Uniface
2022:Grooves
2012:Hafting
1970:Oldowan
1929:Systems
1880:Cascade
1843:woomera
1833:harpoon
1806:history
1772:Hunting
1752:Pottery
1693:Cooking
1602:Farming
1568:history
1541:Outline
1351:Scholia
343:barrows
259:History
207:pharaoh
134:Pharaoh
83:scholar
3308:flutes
3103:Dolmen
3027:Burial
2837:winery
2810:Linear
2640:Midden
2618:Cursus
2611:Goseck
2471:Pueblo
2422:Dugout
2407:Burdei
2086:Mining
1910:Lamoka
1905:Folsom
1885:Clovis
1742:Metate
1720:Hearth
1688:Basket
1662:Sickle
1457:
1401:
1393:
1353:has a
1273:
1234:
1226:
1187:
1179:
1140:
1077:
1044:
994:
924:
767:Travel
724:
687:
604:
573:Mingqi
557:Burial
392:, the
304:basalt
268:goods.
253:depict
199:śuθina
184:suttee
130:throne
127:gilded
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3225:sites
3169:Mummy
2889:Cairn
2805:JĹŤmon
2756:shoes
2751:Hides
2623:Henge
2577:Broch
2439:Jacal
2294:Wheel
2242:Knife
2188:Canoe
2183:Burin
2161:Blade
2059:flake
1920:Plano
1828:baton
1818:Spear
1784:Arrow
1737:Manos
1590:Tools
1455:S2CID
1399:S2CID
1355:topic
1232:S2CID
1185:S2CID
146:, in
90:JSTOR
76:books
3318:gudi
3076:Cist
3005:list
2832:Wine
2761:Ă–tzi
2746:Glue
2719:Beds
2687:and
2685:Arts
2556:Well
2412:Cave
2342:Kiva
2272:side
2262:Rope
2210:tool
2144:bone
2134:Adze
1900:Eden
1813:Nets
1683:Fire
1647:Goad
1632:Celt
1391:ISSN
1326:2024
1271:ISSN
1224:ISSN
1177:ISSN
1138:PMID
1075:ISBN
1042:ISSN
992:ISBN
922:ISBN
722:ISBN
713:and
698:2023
685:ISBN
602:ISBN
333:and
167:gods
156:body
150:and
125:The
62:news
2427:Hut
2362:row
2193:Oar
2151:Axe
2139:Awl
1447:doi
1443:162
1424:doi
1383:doi
1263:doi
1216:doi
1169:doi
1130:doi
1126:115
1067:doi
1034:hdl
1024:doi
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388:in
276:of
186:.)
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