104:
258:
1516:
663:
898:
818:
914:
46:
882:
34:
957:
124:
930:
866:
283:
834:
782:
344:
294:, the Junta had a majority of mainland Spain-born delegates, which would vote down almost every measure they suggested, including the measure on the abolition of slavery. However, Acosta could convince the Junta that abolition could be achieved in Puerto Rico without disrupting the local economy, including its Cuban members, who frowned upon implementing it in Cuba because of its much higher numbers of slave labor.
850:
459:
773:
Juan de Mata
Terreforte, who fought alongside Manuel Rojas, was exiled to New York City. He joined the Puerto Rican Revolutionary Committee and was named its vice-president. Terreforte and the members of the Revolutionary committee adopted the Flag of Lares as the flag of Puerto Rico until 1892, when
301:
Beyond abolition, however, proposals for autonomy were voted down, as were other petitions to limit the governor general's power over virtually every aspect of life in Puerto Rico. Once the Junta members returned to Puerto Rico, they met with local community leaders in a famed meeting at the
Hacienda
582:
The leaders decided to start their revolution in the town of Lares on
September 23. Some 400–600 rebels gathered on that day in the hacienda of Manuel Rojas, located in the vicinity of Pezuela, on the outskirts of Lares. Led by Rojas and Juan de Mata Terreforte, the poorly trained and sparsely
705:
under the command of
Brugman. Although he was studying law in Spain, and therefore had not participated in the Lares uprising, Ríus Rivera was an avid follower of Caribbean politics. When he learned about the failed revolt, he interrupted his law studies and traveled to the United States, where he
693:
and other prominent Puerto Ricans were successful in interceding with
President Francisco Serrano, who had himself just led a revolution against the monarchy in Spain. In an effort to appease the already tense atmosphere on the island, the incoming governor, José Laureano Sanz, dictated a general
241:
In mid-19th century Puerto Rico, many supporters of independence from Spain, as well as others who did not support independence from Spain but simply called for liberal reforms, were jailed or exiled. However, in 1865, the central government in Madrid, finally attempted to appease the growing
531:
on
September 29. The meeting was attended by Marcelino Vega, Carlos Martínez, Bonifacio Agüero, José Antonio Hernández, Ramón Estrella, Bartolomé González, Cesilio López, Antonio Santiago, Manuel Ramírez, Ulises Cancela. Cancela instructed Manuel María González to deliver all of the acts and
543:
would be neutralized by poisoning the bread rations. Given the fact that
September 29 would be a holiday for most laborers, simultaneous uprisings would occur, beginning with the cell in Camuy, and following with the ones in various other points; reinforcements would arrive on a ship,
559:. They allowed him to recruit a small army, and gave him a ship containing weapons. However, when the ship was about to sail, the Spanish government made its move. It prohibited the ship's departure from Dominican territory. The authorities in the then Danish West Indies
234:. At the time, Puerto Rico and Cuba also suffered a severe economic crisis because of increasing tariffs and taxes imposed by the Spanish central government on most import and export goods. The Spanish crown needed the funds badly to subsidize its troops in the
400:
or statements attacking the exploitation of the Puerto Ricans by the
Spanish centralist system and called for immediate insurrection. These statements soon circulated throughout the island as local dissident groups began to organize. Among them,
590:
The rebels then entered the town's church and placed the revolutionary flag of Lares on the High Altar. This was the sign that the revolution had begun. The
Republic of Puerto Rico was proclaimed at (2:00 am local time) under the presidency of
548:, and the cells would be reinforced by more than 3,000 mercenaries. Castañón and his men then entered González's residence and confiscated the documents of Medina's meeting and alerted his commanding officer in Arecibo. The cell leaders at the
312:, who supported independence from Spain and had been exiled by the Spanish government twice, was invited by Ruiz and attended. After listening to the Junta members' list of voted-down measures, Betances stood up and retorted:
2221:
435:. The flag was divided in the middle by a white Latin cross, the two lower corners were red and the two upper corners were blue. A white star was placed in the upper left blue corner. According to Puerto Rican poet
587:(Spanish mainland-born men) and took over the city hall. Spanish mainland-born merchants and Puerto Rican government authorities, considered by the rebels as enemies of the fatherland, were taken as prisoners.
439:
the white cross stands for the yearning for homeland redemption; the red squares, the blood poured by the heroes of the rebellion and the white star in the blue solitude square, stands for liberty and freedom.
330:, by the continuing repression on the island, all of which was caused by the extreme centralism of the Spanish central government in Madrid, an armed rebellion was soon staged by the pro-independence movement.
1392:
by
Francisco Modesto Berroa Ubiera, Professor of the Escuela de Historia, and former director of the institute of History of the Humanities Faculty of the Autonomous University of Santo Domingo
271:
The Puerto Rican delegation was freely elected by those eligible to vote (male Caucasian property owners) in what was one of the first exercises of political openness in Spain. The separatist
298:, once he became minister for foreign affairs in 1870, finally approved an abolition bill and praised the efforts of the Puerto Rican members, who were sincerely moved by Acosta's arguments.
323:
Betances then suggested an outright island-wide rebellion, with a proclamation of independence as soon as possible. To Acosta's horror, many of the meeting's attendees sided with Betances.
726:
575:
279:, which horrified the governor of Puerto Rico as well as most of residents of the island since the majority of Puerto Ricans did not support independence from the rest of Spain.
246:(Informative Board on Overseas Reforms) would be formed by representatives of each overseas province in proportion to their collective population. The board would meet in
1085:
710:
and offered his services. Juan Ríus Rivera went to Cuba and became the Commander-in-Chief of the Cuban Liberation Army of the west after General Antonio Maceo's death.
1636:
320:(You can't give away what you don't own), a phrase that he used throughout his entire life to refer to Spain's unwillingness to grant Puerto Rico or Cuba any reforms.
566:
Seeing their plans disrupted, the other leaders feared arrest. They decided to change the date of the revolution for an earlier one without consulting Betances.
517:
The critical state of the economy, slavery, and the increasing political repression from the Spanish central government, served as catalysts for the rebellion.
185:. Three decades after rebelling in Lares, the revolutionary committee carried out a second unsuccessful revolt in the neighboring southwestern municipality of
1462:
2186:
995:
595:
at the church and the revolutionaries offered freedom to the slaves who joined them. President Ramírez Medina appointed Government officials as follows:
410:
686:, where they were tortured and humiliated. On November 17, a military court imposed the death penalty, for treason and sedition, on all the prisoners.
654:
The insurgents retreated back to Lares. Upon an order from the governor, Julián Pavía, the militia soon rounded them up, and the insurrection was over.
1609:
1915:
242:
discontent in all its overseas provinces by setting up a "board of review" to receive complaints from provincial representatives. The board, the
2242:
2211:
694:
amnesty early in 1869 and all prisoners were released. However Betances, Rojas, Lacroix, Aurelio Méndez, and many others were sent into exile.
651:, and several other towns. This caused confusion amongst the rebels, who were greatly disadvantaged without the weapons provided by Betances.
742:
During the years immediately following the Grito, there were minor pro-independence protests and skirmishes with the Spanish authorities in
701:
met and befriended Betances, and joined the pro-independence movement in the island. He became a member of the Mayagüez revolutionary cell
2206:
1059:
451:
bringing together members from all sectors of society including landowners, merchants, professionals, peasants, and slaves. Most were
2296:
1599:
1505:
45:
1407:
33:
2316:
1579:
1160:"Junta Informativa de Ultramar"; Author Spain. Ministerio de Ultramar; Publisher: Imp. de la Biblioteca Universal Económica, 1869
1035:
420:, inspired by Ramón Emeterio Betances's quest for Puerto Rico's independence, wrote the patriotic lyrics to the existing tune of
739:
Although the revolt failed to achieve its main objective, the Spanish government granted more political autonomy to the island.
384:
174:
128:
2306:
1519:
794:
While there is not an official El Grito de Lares holiday, the day is celebrated in the Plaza de Recreo de la Revolución in
1275:
1349:
1717:
1040:
888:
675:
623:
474:
448:
1810:
1376:
560:
413:, adopted by France's National Assembly in 1789, which contained the principles that inspired the French Revolution.
2125:
1747:
218:
In the 1860s, the government of Spain was involved in several conflicts across Latin America. It became involved in
2161:
1805:
1594:
166:
114:
1820:
1672:
1589:
1259:
1025:
970:
1293:
2331:
2326:
1930:
1030:
583:
armed rebels reached the town by horse and foot around midnight. They looted local stores and offices owned by
177:
on September 23, 1868. Having been planned, organized, and launched in the mountainous western municipality of
2146:
1604:
1020:
980:
897:
636:
2291:
2281:
2040:
1835:
1584:
1498:
1142:
1900:
1895:
1737:
817:
2301:
2196:
1702:
1692:
904:
599:
592:
524:
2321:
2286:
2075:
1712:
920:
520:
The stronghold of the movement were towns located in the mountains, on the western part of the island.
417:
257:
2120:
1687:
1682:
1652:
975:
913:
824:
743:
690:
556:
376:
309:
1785:
1757:
1387:
929:
536:
2115:
1950:
1780:
1707:
1329:
937:
671:
1890:
1732:
295:
2020:
1815:
1194:
833:
644:
276:
2216:
2025:
2015:
1697:
1491:
315:
291:
2166:
1870:
1850:
1111:
1005:
759:
2100:
2010:
2000:
1985:
1625:
2105:
2095:
2005:
1860:
714:
436:
2311:
2176:
2055:
1980:
1436:
1316:
990:
767:
747:
640:
303:
2060:
1865:
1830:
1742:
1483:
881:
849:
1945:
1630:
1574:
755:
683:
432:
2070:
865:
8:
2237:
2130:
1940:
1875:
1855:
1727:
840:
795:
763:
751:
380:
272:
219:
207:
200:
1722:
698:
639:. The Puerto Rican militia surprised them with strong resistance, by moving troops from
2156:
2110:
2065:
1960:
1910:
1790:
1404:
985:
962:
648:
540:
528:
235:
191:
186:
178:
75:
1955:
1667:
578:
Roman Catholic Church of Lares and Monument to the Grito at the Plaza de la Revolución
527:
held a meeting at his house in which the insurrection was planned and set to begin in
2050:
1845:
1795:
1538:
1372:
1233:
635:
The next day, on September 24, the rebel forces departed to take over the next town,
427:
Eduvigis Beauchamp Sterling, named Treasurer of the revolution by Betances, provided
2090:
1800:
1175:; Vol. 63, Num 1; January 2002; "El Mito Americano"; p. 1; by Alberto Medina Carrero
162:
2222:
Latin American and Caribbean Congress in Solidarity with Puerto Rico's Independence
1657:
1533:
856:
679:
428:
368:
327:
2035:
1752:
1677:
1143:"Junta Informativa de Reformas « Puerto Rico: su transformación en el tiempo"
421:
361:
was synonymous with a "cry for independence" and that cry was made in Brazil with
2201:
2191:
1975:
1965:
1885:
1662:
1411:
1353:
1279:
1015:
1010:
872:
732:
498:
444:
409:) written in exile in Saint Thomas in November 1867. It is directly based on the
251:
1389:
El Pueblo de Lares Antes de la Rebelion de 1868. Las Conspiraciones y Sus Causas
662:
2171:
1970:
1840:
1515:
1272:
1000:
443:
Secret cells of the Revolutionary Committee were established in Puerto Rico by
108:
1463:"Independentistas de Puerto Rico dedican el Grito de Lares al reo Oscar López"
1086:"Muestran antigua bandera del Grito de Lares que se exhibe en museo de España"
735:(seated L-R) Juan de Mata Terreforte, Dr. Jose Julio Henna and Roberto H. Todd
2275:
2085:
2045:
1990:
1762:
1343:
563:, where the ship was anchored, boarded the vessel and confiscated its cargo.
2080:
2030:
1995:
1880:
539:, overheard two cell members commenting that on September 29 the troops at
785:
Tomb of Ramón E. Betances in Cabo Rojo, with the Lares flag in front, 2007
1920:
1905:
1825:
1216:
372:
290:
To the frustration of the Puerto Rican delegates, including their leader
170:
1221:(in Spanish). Establecimiento Tipográfico de Narciso Ramírez y Compañía.
775:
725:
458:
343:
1558:
282:
2259:
1214:
781:
393:) on January 6, 1868, from their exile in the Dominican Republic.
1553:
1543:
574:
1548:
247:
569:
1513:
466:
The Revolutionary Committee named twelve of their members as
227:
355:
was a planned uprising that occurred on September 23, 1868.
731:(standing L-R) Manuel Besosa, Aurelio Méndez Martínez, and
532:
important papers in regard to the meeting to Manuel Rojas.
231:
223:
1426:, Fundación La Voz del Centro, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 2005
1215:
Pérez Morís, José; Cueto y González Quijano, Luis (1872).
250:
and report to the Minister of State (Ministro de Estado),
51:
Original Revolutionary Flag of the Grito de Lares, c. 1868
39:
Original Revolutionary Flag of the Grito de Lares, c. 1868
1422:
Moscoso, Francisco, as quoted by Collado Schwarz, Ángel,
1234:"Proclama de los Diez Mandamientos de los Hombres Libres"
555:
On another front, the Dominican government had supported
808:
People directly or indirectly involved with the revolt
1365:
Historia militar de Puerto Rico, Colección Encuentros
952:
1429:
996:
Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s
411:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1610:Puerto Rico Pro-Independence University Federation
1405:Madrinas to us all: Significant Latinas in history
1258:, p. 103. The original manuscript is owned by the
1371:; publisher: Sociedad Estatal Quinto Centenario.
1231:
630:
2273:
286:Ramón Emeterio Betances, co-leader of the revolt
267:can be seen on an overpass as one enters Lares.
16:1868 revolt against Spanish rule in Puerto Rico
1201:. Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades.
1173:Revista del Colegio de Abogados de Puerto Rico
1060:"Exhiben en UPR bandera de Lares con 150 años"
1499:
778:, was unveiled and adopted by the committee.
388:
362:
356:
262:
1236:(in Spanish). Biblioteca Digital Ciudad Seva
1112:"ADNPR Localiza Banderas del Grito de Lares"
483:Juan de Mata Terreforte, General of Division
706:immediately went to the Cuba Revolutionary
626:, Commander in Chief of the Liberation Army
570:Proclamation of the Republic of Puerto Rico
477:, Commander-in-Chief of the Liberation Army
403:Los Diez Mandamientos de los hombres libres
1506:
1492:
1232:Emeterio Betances, Ramón (November 1867).
1104:
351:The Lares uprising, commonly known as the
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1078:
611:Celedonio Abril, Minister of the Treasury
244:Junta Informativa de Reformas de Ultramar
1600:Hostosian National Independence Movement
1455:
1336:
1052:
780:
724:
661:
605:Aurelio Méndez, Minister of the Interior
573:
457:
342:
326:Frustrated by the lack of political and
281:
256:
1580:Independence Association of Puerto Rico
1265:
1116:Archivo Digital Nacional de Puerto Rico
1036:List of Puerto Rican military personnel
620:Bernabé Pol, Secretary to the President
2274:
2243:La Borinqueña by Lola Rodríguez de Tío
2187:Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s
1637:Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional
1178:
1168:
1166:
1137:
1135:
1133:
774:the current design, modeled after the
713:Mariana Bracetti moved to the town of
535:Juan Castañón, a captain stationed in
385:Revolutionary Committee of Puerto Rico
275:was elected to the Junta representing
175:Revolutionary Committee of Puerto Rico
2212:U.S. Capitol shooting incident (1954)
1487:
1291:
657:
507:Francisco Arroyo, General of Division
495:Dorvid Beauchamp, General of Division
489:Nicolás Rocafort, General of Division
486:Joaquín Parrilla, General of Division
375:. In Puerto Rico, a group led by Dr.
1520:Independence movement in Puerto Rico
1218:Historia de la Insurrección de Lares
1210:
1208:
1156:
1154:
1152:
729:Puerto Rican Revolutionary Committee
617:Clemente Millán, Minister of Justice
390:Comité Revolucionario de Puerto Rico
230:and had to address slave revolts in
1348:. Retrieved on September 26, 2007.
1163:
1130:
213:
161:, was the first of two short-lived
13:
1467:San Diego Union-Tribune en Español
1041:List of revolutions and rebellions
614:Federico Valencia, Minister of War
552:cell in Camuy were soon arrested.
504:Rafael Arroyo, General of Division
492:Gabino Plumey, General of Division
14:
2343:
1367:by Negroni, Hector Andres (1992)
1285:
1205:
1149:
608:Manuel Ramírez, Minister of State
561:Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
424:, Puerto Rico's national anthem.
338:
2297:Political history of Puerto Rico
1514:
1066:(in Spanish). September 16, 2018
955:
928:
912:
896:
880:
864:
848:
832:
816:
801:
670:Some 475 rebels, among them Dr.
455:(Spaniards born on the island).
407:The Ten Commandments of Free Men
122:
115:Captaincy General of Puerto Rico
102:
44:
32:
1590:Puerto Rican Independence Party
1469:(in Spanish). 23 September 2013
1416:
1398:
1381:
1358:
1273:Betances, El Grito y St. Thomas
1260:Puerto Rican Independence Party
1248:
1026:Puerto Rican Independence Party
971:Military history of Puerto Rico
480:Andrés Pol, General of Division
316:Nadie puede dar lo que no tiene
2317:Public holidays in Puerto Rico
2126:Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach
1758:José "Aguila Blanca" Maldonado
1595:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
1225:
1031:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
674:(leader of the Arecibo cell),
631:Confrontation at San Sebastián
513:Abdón Pagán, Artillery General
1:
2147:Ducoudray Holstein Expedition
2061:Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila
1821:Gilberto Concepción de Gracia
1673:María de las Mercedes Barbudo
1046:
981:Ducoudray Holstein Expedition
789:
510:Pablo Rivera, Cavalry General
183:Grito de Lares (Cry of Lares)
181:, the revolt is known as the
2307:Declarations of independence
2207:Truman assassination attempt
1585:Liberal Party of Puerto Rico
1342:The Women from Puerto Rico.
1092:(in Spanish). April 22, 2022
720:
333:
129:Puerto Rican revolutionaries
7:
2197:San Juan Nationalist revolt
1806:Marie Haydée Beltrán Torres
1199:Encyclopedia of Puerto Rico
1118:(in Spanish). March 8, 2022
948:
433:Revolutionary Flag of Lares
431:with the materials for the
206:is recognized as the first
145:), also referred to as the
10:
2348:
1575:Union Party of Puerto Rico
1262:, which bought it in 1985.
717:, where she died in 1903.
396:Betances authored several
347:Manuel Rojas house in 1965
2251:
2230:
2139:
1929:
1901:María de Lourdes Santiago
1896:Manuel Rodríguez Orellana
1771:
1738:Antonio Valero de Bernabé
1645:
1618:
1567:
1526:
94:
58:
28:
23:
1733:Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
1703:Francisco Ramírez Medina
1693:Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón
1437:"El Grito de Lares 1868"
905:Francisco Ramírez Medina
666:General Juan Ríus Rivera
637:San Sebastián del Pepino
600:Francisco Ramírez Medina
593:Francisco Ramírez Medina
525:Francisco Ramírez Medina
296:Emilio Castelar y Ripoll
2217:Cerro Maravilla murders
2162:Levantamiento de Ciales
2121:Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff
2041:Tomás López de Victoria
2026:Andres Figueroa Cordero
2016:Carmelo Delgado Delgado
1836:José M. Dávila Monsanto
1698:Antonio Mattei Lluberas
1688:Francisco Gonzalo Marín
1683:Eugenio María de Hostos
1653:Ramón Emeterio Betances
1568:Political organizations
976:Ramón Emeterio Betances
825:Ramón Emeterio Betances
691:Eugenio María de Hostos
557:Ramón Emeterio Betances
470:(generals). They were:
447:, Mariana Bracetti and
377:Ramón Emeterio Betances
310:Ramón Emeterio Betances
197:Attempted Coup of Yauco
2116:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
2011:Isabel Freire de Matos
2001:Juan Antonio Corretjer
1951:Margot Arce de Vázquez
1781:Antonio Rafael Barceló
1708:José Gualberto Padilla
1646:19th century activists
1626:Cadets of the Republic
1619:Militant organizations
1324:Cite journal requires
1256:El Desterrado de París
938:José Gualberto Padilla
786:
736:
689:Meanwhile, in Madrid,
672:José Gualberto Padilla
667:
579:
463:
389:
363:
357:
348:
287:
268:
263:
2332:September 1868 events
2327:September observances
2076:Helen Rodríguez Trías
2056:Francisco Matos Paoli
2021:Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
1981:Rafael Cancel Miranda
1916:Carlos Alberto Torres
1816:Cayetano Coll y Cuchí
1772:20th and 21st century
1713:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
1527:Indigenous resistance
1352:July 8, 2008, at the
1303:(3). Nuestra Herencia
1195:"Grito de Lares 1868"
991:Puerto Rican Campaign
921:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
784:
728:
665:
577:
501:, General of Division
461:
418:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
416:That same year, poet
346:
285:
261:The city's nickname,
260:
2167:Río Piedras massacre
1871:Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
1851:Víctor Manuel Gerena
1786:Félix Benítez Rexach
1631:Boricua Popular Army
1271:Moscoso, Francisco,
1254:Ojeda Reyes, Félix,
1006:Río Piedras massacre
462:General Manuel Rojas
364:el Grito de Ipiranga
2292:Spanish Puerto Rico
2282:1868 in Puerto Rico
2238:Grito de Lares flag
2131:Olga Viscal Garriga
2106:Clemente Soto Vélez
2096:Vidal Santiago Díaz
2006:José Ferrer Canales
1941:Pedro Albizu Campos
1891:Ángel Rivero Méndez
1876:Antonio S. Pedreira
1861:Luis Lloréns Torres
1856:Edwin Irizarry Mora
1728:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
1424:Voces de la Cultura
1294:"Beauchamp history"
841:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
796:Lares barrio-pueblo
682:were imprisoned in
437:Luis Lloréns Torres
381:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
369:El Grito de Dolores
273:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
208:flag of Puerto Rico
2302:Lares, Puerto Rico
2157:Intentona de Yauco
2111:Griselio Torresola
2066:Ruth Mary Reynolds
1961:Casimiro Berenguer
1911:Alejandrina Torres
1866:Oscar López Rivera
1831:Pedro Ortiz Dávila
1748:Fernando Fernandez
1743:Manuel Zeno Gandía
1410:2009-03-02 at the
1292:Rodríguez, Kathy.
1278:2016-03-03 at the
986:Intentona de Yauco
963:Puerto Rico portal
787:
737:
668:
658:Trials and amnesty
580:
550:Lanzador del Norte
464:
349:
292:José Julián Acosta
288:
269:
236:Dominican Republic
192:Intentona de Yauco
76:Lares, Puerto Rico
66:September 23, 1868
2322:Independence days
2287:Conflicts in 1868
2269:
2268:
2181:Ley de la Mordaza
2071:Germán Rieckehoff
1986:José Coll y Cuchí
1933:Nationalist Party
1846:Leopoldo Figueroa
1796:Americo Boschetti
798:every September.
523:On September 20,
371:and in Cuba with
367:, in Mexico with
306:, in early 1865.
134:
133:
90:
89:
2339:
1723:Juan Ríus Rivera
1658:Mariana Bracetti
1518:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1433:
1427:
1420:
1414:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1385:
1379:
1370:
1362:
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2081:Hiram Rosado
2051:René Marqués
2031:Irvin Flores
1996:Rosa Collazo
1931:Puerto Rican
1881:Pedro Pietri
1718:Manuel Rojas
1633:(Macheteros)
1539:Agüeybaná II
1471:. Retrieved
1466:
1457:
1445:. Retrieved
1440:
1431:
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1400:
1394:(in Spanish)
1388:
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1369:(in Spanish)
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1317:cite journal
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1238:. Retrieved
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1172:
1122:November 26,
1120:. Retrieved
1115:
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1096:November 23,
1094:. Retrieved
1090:El Nuevo Día
1089:
1080:
1068:. Retrieved
1064:Primera Hora
1063:
1054:
935:
919:
903:
889:Manuel Rojas
887:
871:
855:
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676:Manuel Rojas
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624:Manuel Rojas
589:
585:peninsulares
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546:El Telégrafo
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537:Quebradillas
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475:Manuel Rojas
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167:Spanish rule
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147:Lares revolt
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143:Cry of Lares
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95:Belligerents
18:
1921:Iris Zavala
1906:Piri Thomas
1826:Juan Dalmau
1534:Agüeybaná I
1307:January 21,
1240:January 21,
703:Capá Prieto
602:, President
171:Puerto Rico
2276:Categories
1473:26 January
1447:26 January
1047:References
790:Celebrated
776:Cuban flag
744:Las Marías
398:Proclamas,
1811:Roy Brown
1774:activists
721:Aftermath
468:generales
334:Rebellion
157:, or the
2260:Claridad
1408:Archived
1350:Archived
1276:Archived
1070:March 7,
949:See also
768:Toa Baja
748:Adjuntas
645:Mayagüez
641:San Juan
453:criollos
304:Carolina
277:Mayagüez
165:against
71:Location
2231:Symbols
2177:Gag Law
1559:Urayoán
1554:Jumacao
1544:Arasibo
760:Bayamón
756:Vieques
684:Arecibo
199:). The
163:revolts
2140:Events
1549:Hayuya
1375:
764:Ciales
752:Utuado
715:Añasco
248:Madrid
153:, the
149:, the
83:Result
2252:Media
1297:(PDF)
708:Junta
649:Ponce
541:Camuy
529:Camuy
358:Grito
228:Chile
222:with
220:a war
187:Yauco
179:Lares
1475:2023
1449:2023
1373:ISBN
1330:help
1309:2014
1242:2014
1124:2023
1098:2023
1072:2023
936:Dr.
766:and
678:and
379:and
232:Cuba
226:and
224:Peru
204:flag
63:Date
169:in
2278::
1465:.
1439:.
1321::
1319:}}
1315:{{
1301:13
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195:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
