1162:, the instructions on the ballot paper advise voters to complete every square. But there is a savings provision where one or some squares have been completed, but not all of them. Parties can submit preference tickets for each electorate to the Electoral Commission of South Australia. Where only one square has been completed indicating a vote for a particular party, that party's ticket is used instead of the vote becoming informal. Similarly, but much more rarely, if a voter completes several but not all squares, and their votes match those of a party's ticket, the ticket will be used to complete the remainder of the squares.
771:
633:
899:. Instructions for above the line votes are to mark '1' and then further preferences are optional. The effect of an above the line vote is now to vote for all candidates in a single group in order, and not to follow a GVT. Voters who vote below the line are instructed to provide at least 12 preferences as opposed to having to number all candidates, and with a savings provision to admit ballot papers which indicate at least 6 below the line preferences.
1103:'s Wayne Dropulich was on track for a period of time to win a Senate seat from 0.2% in Western Australia, coming 21st out of 28 groups. Family First's Bob Day won a seat on a primary vote of 3.8% in South Australia, and the DLP's John Madigan won his seat in 2010 on a primary vote of 2.3% in Victoria. Senator Nick Xenophon and larger parties including the government proposed changes to the GVT system. Following the
36:
881:
single 1 in a group's box only preferences the candidates in the group. Voters wishing to preference multiple parties with an "above the line" vote can use lower preferences ("2", "3", and so on) in those parties' "above the line" boxes. The changes reduced the number of parties contesting elections and increased the difficulty for new small parties to be elected.
779:
ticket by placing the number '1' in one of the ticket boxes above the line. The single number '1' selects a GVT from one group or party, and all preferences are then distributed according to the GVT. This leads to pre-election trading between parties on how each group will allocate later preferences to other groups and candidates.
797:), voters can express an order of preferences for parties by voting '1', '2' and so on in different boxes above the line. The scope of a number above the line is merely the list of candidates for that party, so Group Voting Tickets are no longer used in those elections. The party supplies a list of its candidates to the
1044:
or the appropriate State electoral commission. The booklets may be viewed at polling booths on request to the poll officials. However, such is the complexity of the information that it is unlikely that the average voter could easily determine the fate of their vote's preferences, particularly as some
778:
Every
Australian jurisdiction that has introduced GVTs has ballot papers with two sections separated by a line. Voters may choose to vote either above the line or below the line. By voting below the line voters can rank candidates individually by numbering boxes. Voters can choose to vote for a group
880:
to optional preferential voting. Parties are now required to submit a higher minimum number of qualified members. A candidate group for
Legislative Council elections now requires at least 15 candidates to be eligible for an "above the line" box. Parties do not register group preference tickets and a
1134:
almost won a seat through votes given by other smaller parties through GVTs (despite none of these parties individually earning more than 1.9% of the vote), however, were defeated due to the
Liberals preferencing the Greens above any of the smaller parties therefore allowing the latter to win. This
1052:
by parties is greatly increased. Because voters are not usually aware of how a party's preferences are directed, GVTs have allowed minor parties with low support to be elected almost exclusively on the preferences of other parties, for example, where small parties with very different views have
1151:(preferential) voting is used to elect a single representative for an electorate. Voters are instructed to put a number in every square, and if they neglect to do so, their vote is informal. A substantial proportion of informal votes have a number 1, tick or cross in a single box.
1126:, GVTs once again came under scrutiny after the Daylight Saving Party was elected to the Legislative Council with just 98 votes, or 0.2% of the electorate; the electorate had notably voted strongly against adopting a daylight saving system in prior referendums. Additionally, the
743:
and the creation of preference deals between them, enabling one or more candidates within the network of parties to receive sufficient preferences to achieve the quota for election, especially in multi-member electoral divisions. Such preference deals were first arranged for the
902:
In
November 2021, the Western Australian parliament passed legislation to abolish GVTs and move to optional preferential voting, after several minor parties were elected and came close to being elected despite earning 2% or less of the vote; in particular, the election of the
836:
and preferential voting, it was daunting for many voters to have to fill in scores of boxes on the ballot paper. Some voters would choose their early preferences and then vote for other candidates in the order they appeared on the ballot paper—known as a
1039:
Group voting tickets voting has been criticised because electors usually do not know, and it is difficult to find out, where their preferences are being directed. All details are published in advance, both electronically and in a free booklet published by the
854:
to reduce the number of invalid votes by simplifying the voting system for the Senate. Under the new system a voter cast a valid vote if they placed a single mark above the line instead of the scores on a typical Senate ballot paper. It was first used at the
1218:
1473:
705:
state of
Victoria. In South Australia House of Assembly elections, parties can submit preference tickets which are used to save a vote that would otherwise be informal. GVTs have been abolished by
847:. To ease this task, the GVT option was introduced to permit voters to choose one party or group, and all the remaining squares were deemed to be filled in according to a registered party ticket.
1276:
2366:
1858:
1812:
1045:
parties submit multiple allocations (e.g., 33% to one party, 66% to another, and so on), and the effects are integrally wound up in preference deals between other parties.
2428:
1749:
765:
1143:
GVTs and "above the line" voting have been used for upper house elections in the jurisdictions described above. In the lower house of most
Australian states and the
693:
In
Australia it is known as group ticket vote or ticket voting. As of 2022, group voting tickets are used for elections in only one jurisdiction in the country: the
1619:
1226:
682:, where a voter can indicate support for a list of candidates instead of marking preferences for individual candidates. For multi-member electoral divisions with
2684:
1879:
873:, effectively abolishing GVTs. Other changes to party registration processes also resulted in many fewer parties contesting NSW Legislative Council elections.
1165:
It is illegal for parties to promote "Just Vote 1" or the like - the measure is only intended to avoid an informal vote where the voter's intention is clear.
1931:
2049:
1477:
1254:
2371:
1079:
for multiple candidates getting provisionally elected with the vast majority of the 14.3% quota being filled from preferences, with "preference whisperer"
2480:
2438:
1284:
2689:
1501:
690:. When a voter selects a group or party above the line on a ballot paper, their vote is distributed according to the registered GVT for that group.
2556:
1449:
2084:
1703:
1681:
2413:
2724:
1906:
1596:
1529:
862:
Group voting tickets were introduced in South
Australia in 1985 in New South Wales and Western Australia in 1987 and in Victoria in 1988.
2875:
2699:
2606:
1975:
907:
with only 98 votes in an area known for voting strongly against daylight saving was cited as to why this legislation was quickly passed.
353:
2552:
832:
Complete preferences voting was the only option available for the
Australian Senate and the upper houses of other jurisdictions. With
2576:
2546:
1555:
1127:
1833:
2515:
2473:
2192:
318:
2329:
1636:
1374:
810:
806:
348:
187:
1111:
demanded that
Victoria discontinue using group voting, describing it as "corrupt" and "undemocratic", following the election of
2617:
2490:
2448:
1932:"How the Liberals stopped No Mandatory Vaccination Winning a Seat in the WA Legislative Council – Antony Green's Election Blog"
1123:
1017:
794:
290:
2602:
2136:
1352:
2789:
2639:
2566:
2495:
2453:
2168:
1092:
975:
896:
802:
790:
2572:
2542:
2505:
2463:
2351:
2158:
2077:
1144:
1069:
1057:
954:
877:
870:
866:
817:, which enables voters to number as many boxes as they choose, but the number only applies to the registered party list.
786:
745:
493:
1770:
1616:
1053:
agreed to exchange preferences, or where larger parties have sought to minimise votes for opponents with similar views.
2596:
2586:
2361:
1159:
2734:
1883:
1427:
749:
2522:
2341:
2323:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
1076:
889:
856:
726:
722:
661:
1314:
2398:
1041:
798:
2674:
2562:
2485:
2443:
2146:
2070:
1131:
869:
for the New South Wales Legislative Council, a modified form of "above the line" voting was introduced for the
859:. For the Australian Senate, the rate of informal voting was reduced from around 9% before 1984, to around 3%.
338:
2679:
2532:
2510:
2500:
2468:
2458:
2418:
2403:
2383:
2217:
2207:
2114:
1104:
996:
694:
1135:
led to the state government to quickly pass legislation which abolished GVTs in November of that same year.
2659:
2592:
2582:
2003:
1450:"New Electoral System Adopted for the South Australian Legislative Council: Antony Green ABC 9 August 2017"
1095:
won a senate seat on a record-low primary vote of 0.5% in Victoria (previous record held by Family First's
885:
814:
615:
275:
2635:
2129:
2119:
1155:
833:
761:
266:
2880:
2631:
1657:
1502:"Legalise Cannabis and Daylight Saving parties elected to WA's Upper House on fraction of primary vote"
1065:
865:
Following the use of tactical preference tickets and the record number of minor parties contesting the
295:
232:
1791:
1727:
1637:"'Preference whisperer' defends role in minor parties' Senate success: The Guardian 13 September 2013"
1219:"Progress of Bills: Constitutional and Electoral Legislation Amendment (Electoral Equality) Bill 2021"
2388:
2187:
488:
247:
2334:
1582:
1556:"WA Legislative Council Reform – The Problems of Ballot Paper Design and the Number of Preferences"
1061:
683:
323:
2819:
2175:
2153:
2017:
1100:
309:
2839:
2814:
2739:
2664:
2376:
2180:
1174:
503:
404:
285:
1530:"'The system has significant flaws': WA electoral reform on the table despite campaign denial"
2834:
2669:
2643:
2627:
2393:
2109:
2093:
1951:
1400:
1148:
1112:
904:
895:
South Australia changed from group voting tickets to optional preferential voting before the
679:
358:
343:
242:
2794:
2779:
2769:
2408:
2124:
2054:
1084:
991:
687:
654:
8:
399:
1331:
2844:
2759:
2709:
2197:
610:
569:
159:
144:
98:
93:
66:
2654:
2163:
2141:
2050:"The Origin of Senate Group Ticket Voting, and it didn't come from the Major Parties"
1997:
1255:"The Origin of Senate Group Ticket Voting, and it didn't come from the Major Parties"
1012:
933:
826:
718:
714:
579:
559:
498:
447:
328:
280:
214:
139:
129:
108:
103:
20:
1750:"The Preference Deals behind the Strange Election of Ricky Muir and Wayne Dropulich"
850:
Group voting tickets were introduced for elections for the Australian Senate by the
2854:
2804:
2784:
1597:"Bitter dispute erupts over Senate preferences in Queensland: ABC 5 September 2013"
1108:
876:
New South Wales changed "above the line" voting for Legislative Council before the
851:
770:
513:
442:
394:
237:
223:
1583:
Antony Green's Election Blog: NSW Legislative Council and its new electoral system
2719:
2649:
1623:
1049:
970:
949:
710:
706:
647:
637:
564:
547:
483:
409:
363:
61:
2849:
1116:
1096:
508:
452:
257:
252:
197:
192:
884:
Group voting tickets for the Senate were abolished in March 2016 in favour of
2869:
2809:
2754:
2729:
1474:"Media Statements - Electoral Equality Bill introduced into State Parliament"
844:
605:
523:
518:
178:
154:
149:
71:
1428:"Electoral laws passed after marathon Parliament sitting: ABC 18 March 2016"
1320:. Parliament of Australia, Department of Parliamentary Services. 2018-01-25.
785:
In elections where GVTs have been abolished (for the Australian Senate, the
2764:
2744:
2714:
2045:
1578:
1250:
1080:
600:
584:
532:
423:
414:
389:
169:
134:
1907:"Greens call for reform to Victoria's 'corrupt' Upper House voting system"
1138:
2799:
2749:
1771:"Australian Sports Party 'pleasantly surprised' by potential Senate seat"
839:
698:
574:
457:
437:
164:
2062:
632:
2824:
1088:
740:
432:
300:
124:
84:
1177:, a similar mechanism for single-winner elections in the United States
2101:
1382:(Third ed.). Western Australian Electoral Commission. p. 68
1204:
702:
80:
1952:"Preferential Voting in Single Member Electorates - South Australia"
2829:
333:
739:
The introduction of GVTs in Australia led to the proliferation of
1859:"Tony Abbott fires a warning shot at micro parties in the Senate"
1682:"Motoring Enthusiasts Party member Ricky Muir wins Senate seat"
686:, a group or party registers a GVT before an election with the
52:
27:
1315:"The new Senate voting system and the 2016 election, Figure 3"
1304:
Farrell and McAllister, The Australian Electoral System, p. 61
1193:
Farrell and McAllister, The Australian Electoral System, p. 61
1130:
party won a seat on the council with only 2% of the vote; the
829:
in all Australian jurisdictions for all houses of Parliament.
1283:. Government of Western Australia. 2021-11-17. Archived from
1728:"Western Australia 2013 Senate results and preference flows"
1617:
Glen Druery - the 'preference whisperer': ABC 21 August 2013
1376:
Electoral Law in the State of Western Australia: An Overview
35:
1087:
organising tight cross-preferencing between minor parties.
733:
1792:"South Australia 2013 Senate results and preference flows"
766:
Electoral systems of the Australian states and territories
813:
before the election. All four jurisdictions have limited
1880:"Xenophon wants voting reform: NineMSN 9 September 2013"
1119:
to the legislative council on 1.2% of the primary vote.
774:
Australian Senate ballot paper used in Victoria for 2016
1985:. Section 60A: Parliament of South Australia. p. 6
1139:
Ticket voting in the South Australian House of Assembly
1658:"Victorian 2013 Senate results and preference flows"
1277:"Western Australia enters era of electoral equality"
1072:with a primary vote of 0.19%, or 0.042 of a quota.
1813:"Single-issue groups set to take balance of power"
1401:"Constitution (Proportional Representation) Bill"
843:; or fill in the form incorrectly, leading to an
2867:
2018:"Unique Features of South Australian Elections"
1372:
1956:Electoral Council of Australia and New Zealand
1468:
1466:
1245:
1243:
2078:
2044:
1634:
655:
1249:
732:A form of GVT is used for some elections in
1463:
1240:
364:Parallel voting (Mixed member majoritarian)
2085:
2071:
1904:
1676:
1674:
1205:"Group voting tickets hold on in Victoria"
662:
648:
329:Mixed single vote (positive vote transfer)
267:Proportional and semi-proportional systems
2092:
1701:
782:About 95% of voters vote above the line.
729:. Tasmania has never used ticket voting.
1408:Australasian Legal Information Institute
1202:
769:
755:
1671:
1594:
811:Western Australian Electoral Commission
807:Electoral Commission of South Australia
2868:
1124:2021 Western Australian state election
795:Western Australian Legislative Council
2066:
2024:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1747:
1524:
1522:
1496:
1494:
1447:
1154:In elections for the lower house of
1093:Australian Motoring Enthusiast Party
803:New South Wales Electoral Commission
791:South Australian Legislative Council
678:(GVT) is a shortcut for voters in a
1911:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1905:Willingham, Richard (May 4, 2021).
1635:Bridie Jabour (13 September 2013).
1145:Australian House of Representatives
1058:1999 New South Wales state election
787:New South Wales Legislative Council
13:
2876:Political terminology in Australia
2377:State and Territory Shadow Cabinet
1834:"Coalition shy of Senate majority"
1519:
1491:
1160:South Australian House of Assembly
1099:in 2004 on 1.9% in Victoria). The
224:Plurality and majoritarian systems
14:
2892:
2038:
1553:
1334:. The Tally Room. 26 January 2014
334:Scorporo (negative vote transfer)
1840:. Business Spectator. 2013-09-09
1075:GVTs came under scrutiny at the
631:
34:
2010:
1968:
1944:
1924:
1898:
1872:
1851:
1826:
1805:
1784:
1763:
1741:
1720:
1695:
1650:
1628:
1610:
1588:
1572:
1547:
1441:
1420:
1393:
1366:
1355:. Parliament of New South Wales
1332:"Legislative Council – SA 2014"
1042:Australian Electoral Commission
799:Australian Electoral Commission
1704:"A ballot crammed with choice"
1595:Bormann, Trevor (2013-09-05).
1345:
1324:
1307:
1298:
1269:
1211:
1196:
1187:
1132:No Mandatory Vaccination Party
1048:Using GVTs, the potential for
897:2018 South Australian election
339:Mixed ballot transferable vote
1:
1702:Colebatch, Tim (2013-08-05).
1181:
1105:2018 Victorian state election
925:"Below the line" preferences
748:, where three members of the
695:Victorian Legislative Council
2367:Premiers and Chief Ministers
2362:Governors and Administrators
1815:. Canberra Times. 2013-09-09
1748:Green, Antony (2013-09-13).
1560:Antony Green's Election Blog
1448:Green, Antony (2013-06-19).
1353:"The history of the Council"
1034:
919:"Above the line" introduced
886:optional preferential voting
815:optional preferential voting
616:End-to-end verifiable voting
276:Single non-transferable vote
7:
1983:South Australia Legislation
1168:
1156:South Australian Parliament
834:proportional representation
762:Australian electoral system
474:Voting patterns and effects
10:
2897:
2372:Parliaments and Assemblies
1585:. Retrieved on 2009-09-12.
1203:Ben Raue (11 March 2022).
922:Group voting tickets used
820:
759:
701:of the legislature in the
684:single transferable voting
680:preferential voting system
296:Single transferable voting
233:First-past-the-post voting
2698:
2616:
2531:
2427:
2350:
2206:
2137:Federal Executive Council
2100:
1708:The Sydney Morning Herald
489:Voting advice application
319:Mixed-member proportional
248:Plurality-at-large voting
2159:House of Representatives
2002:: CS1 maint: location (
1077:2013 Australian election
1062:Outdoor Recreation Party
717:. They were used in the
354:Rural–urban proportional
349:Dual-member proportional
324:Additional member system
2820:Parliamentary secretary
2790:Independent politicians
1056:A notable case was the
2840:Responsible government
2740:Contempt of parliament
2193:Statute of Westminster
1861:. WA Today. 2013-09-09
1773:. ABC News. 2013-09-09
1684:. ABC News. 2013-10-01
1622:2 October 2013 at the
1430:. ABC News. 2016-03-18
1175:Straight-ticket voting
775:
504:Passive electioneering
405:Straight-ticket voting
2094:Politics of Australia
2048:(23 September 2015).
1373:Harry C.J. Phillips.
1253:(23 September 2015).
1113:Sustainable Australia
905:Daylight Saving Party
890:2016 federal election
857:1984 federal election
773:
756:Above the line voting
727:2013 federal election
723:1984 federal election
359:Majority bonus system
344:Alternative Vote Plus
243:Instant-runoff voting
2795:Kirribilli agreement
2780:Hardworking Families
2735:Chardonnay socialist
1976:"Electoral Act 1985"
1223:parliament.wa.gov.au
1147:, full preferential
1128:Legalise Cannabis WA
1085:Minor Party Alliance
750:Minor Party Alliance
688:electoral commission
310:Mixed-member systems
2775:Group voting ticket
1070:Legislative Council
1068:was elected to the
1018:Legislative Council
997:Legislative Council
976:Legislative Council
955:Legislative Council
930:Federal Parliament
676:group voting ticket
638:Politics portal
400:Split-ticket voting
2845:Stolen Generations
2760:Double dissolution
2553:Northern Territory
1886:on 17 January 2014
1752:. Blogs.abc.net.au
1452:. Blogs.abc.net.au
776:
611:Voter registration
570:Voter intimidation
94:Write-in candidate
67:Provisional ballot
2881:Electoral systems
2863:
2862:
2835:Quiet Australians
2603:Western Australia
2169:Opposition Leader
2147:Foreign relations
2133:
1639:. Theguardian.com
1032:
1031:
1013:Western Australia
878:2003 NSW election
871:2003 NSW election
867:1999 NSW election
746:1999 NSW election
719:Australian Senate
715:Western Australia
672:
671:
623:
622:
580:Voter suppression
560:Ballot harvesting
538:
537:
499:Paradox of voting
465:
464:
448:None of the above
380:Voting strategies
371:
370:
281:Cumulative voting
215:Electoral systems
205:
204:
140:Electronic voting
130:Compulsory voting
2888:
2805:Leadership spill
2785:How-to-vote card
2770:Forgotten People
2640:Liberal National
2429:State/territory
2352:State/territory
2127:
2115:Governor-General
2087:
2080:
2073:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2001:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1980:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1882:. Archived from
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1678:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1632:
1626:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1592:
1586:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1526:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1498:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1476:. Archived from
1470:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1405:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1381:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1281:Media Statements
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1247:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1225:. Archived from
1215:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1109:Victorian Greens
910:
909:
888:in time for the
852:Hawke government
664:
657:
650:
636:
635:
554:
553:
514:Political apathy
478:
477:
443:Election boycott
384:
383:
238:Two-round system
220:
219:
49:
48:
38:
16:
15:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2720:Branch stacking
2701:
2694:
2650:Centre Alliance
2644:Country Liberal
2619:
2612:
2573:South Australia
2543:New South Wales
2534:
2527:
2430:
2423:
2353:
2346:
2209:
2202:
2096:
2091:
2041:
2036:
2027:
2025:
2016:
2015:
2011:
1995:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1960:
1958:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1903:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1843:
1841:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1818:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1776:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1755:
1753:
1746:
1742:
1733:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1712:
1710:
1700:
1696:
1687:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1672:
1663:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1642:
1640:
1633:
1629:
1624:Wayback Machine
1615:
1611:
1602:
1600:
1593:
1589:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1562:
1554:Green, Antony.
1552:
1548:
1539:
1537:
1528:
1527:
1520:
1511:
1509:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1483:
1481:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1455:
1453:
1446:
1442:
1433:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1412:
1410:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1367:
1358:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1290:
1288:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1248:
1241:
1232:
1230:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1171:
1141:
1050:tactical voting
1037:
1004:1988 - present
971:South Australia
950:New South Wales
823:
768:
758:
711:South Australia
707:New South Wales
668:
630:
625:
624:
565:Ballot stuffing
551:
548:Electoral fraud
540:
539:
484:Coattail effect
475:
467:
466:
410:Tactical voting
381:
373:
372:
286:Binomial system
217:
207:
206:
85:Ballot measures
62:Absentee ballot
46:
21:Politics series
12:
11:
5:
2894:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2850:Working Family
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2725:Casual vacancy
2722:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2624:
2622:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2600:
2590:
2580:
2570:
2560:
2550:
2539:
2537:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2433:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2358:
2356:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2130:Shadow Cabinet
2122:
2120:Prime Minister
2117:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2090:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2040:
2039:External links
2037:
2035:
2034:
2009:
1967:
1943:
1923:
1897:
1871:
1850:
1838:The Australian
1825:
1804:
1783:
1762:
1740:
1719:
1694:
1670:
1649:
1627:
1609:
1587:
1581:(2009-06-16).
1571:
1546:
1518:
1490:
1462:
1440:
1419:
1392:
1365:
1344:
1323:
1306:
1297:
1268:
1239:
1210:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1167:
1149:instant-runoff
1140:
1137:
1117:Clifford Hayes
1097:Steve Fielding
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
994:
988:
987:
984:
981:
978:
973:
967:
966:
963:
960:
957:
952:
946:
945:
942:
939:
936:
931:
927:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
822:
819:
757:
754:
752:were elected.
670:
669:
667:
666:
659:
652:
644:
641:
640:
627:
626:
621:
620:
619:
618:
613:
608:
603:
595:
594:
590:
589:
588:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
552:
550:and prevention
546:
545:
542:
541:
536:
535:
529:
528:
527:
526:
521:
516:
511:
509:Vote splitting
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
476:
473:
472:
469:
468:
463:
462:
461:
460:
455:
453:Refused ballot
450:
445:
440:
435:
427:
426:
420:
419:
418:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
382:
379:
378:
375:
374:
369:
368:
367:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
313:
312:
306:
305:
304:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
270:
269:
263:
262:
261:
260:
258:Usual judgment
255:
253:General ticket
250:
245:
240:
235:
227:
226:
218:
213:
212:
209:
208:
203:
202:
201:
200:
198:Voting machine
195:
190:
182:
181:
175:
174:
173:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
119:
118:
114:
113:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
88:
87:
77:
76:
75:
74:
69:
64:
56:
55:
47:
44:
43:
40:
39:
31:
30:
24:
23:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2893:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2810:Mortgage belt
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2755:Dorothy Dixer
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:Caucus revolt
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2685:Other parties
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2615:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2198:Australia Act
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2046:Green, Antony
2043:
2042:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2005:
1999:
1984:
1977:
1971:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1933:
1927:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1860:
1854:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1814:
1808:
1793:
1787:
1772:
1766:
1751:
1744:
1729:
1723:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1683:
1677:
1675:
1659:
1653:
1638:
1631:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1613:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1523:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1495:
1480:on 2021-10-03
1479:
1475:
1469:
1467:
1451:
1444:
1429:
1423:
1409:
1402:
1396:
1378:
1377:
1369:
1354:
1348:
1333:
1327:
1316:
1310:
1301:
1287:on 2021-12-09
1286:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1229:on 2021-10-04
1228:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1206:
1199:
1190:
1186:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1066:Malcolm Jones
1063:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1043:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
985:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
964:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
943:
940:
937:
935:
932:
929:
928:
924:
921:
918:
916:Body elected
915:
913:Jurisdiction
912:
911:
908:
906:
900:
898:
893:
891:
887:
882:
879:
874:
872:
868:
863:
860:
858:
853:
848:
846:
845:informal vote
842:
841:
835:
830:
828:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
783:
780:
772:
767:
763:
753:
751:
747:
742:
737:
735:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
665:
660:
658:
653:
651:
646:
645:
643:
642:
639:
634:
629:
628:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
606:Secret ballot
604:
602:
599:
598:
597:
596:
592:
591:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
556:
555:
549:
544:
543:
534:
533:Protest votes
531:
530:
525:
524:Voter turnout
522:
520:
519:Voter fatigue
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
481:
480:
479:
471:
470:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
430:
429:
428:
425:
424:Protest votes
422:
421:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
395:Fusion voting
393:
391:
388:
387:
386:
385:
377:
376:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
316:
315:
314:
311:
308:
307:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
273:
272:
271:
268:
265:
264:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
229:
228:
225:
222:
221:
216:
211:
210:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
185:
184:
183:
180:
177:
176:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
155:Postal voting
153:
151:
150:Polling place
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
122:
121:
120:
116:
115:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
91:
90:
89:
86:
82:
79:
78:
73:
72:Sample ballot
70:
68:
65:
63:
60:
59:
58:
57:
54:
51:
50:
42:
41:
37:
33:
32:
29:
26:
25:
22:
18:
17:
2774:
2765:Faceless men
2745:Despatch box
2715:Bjelkemander
2330:By-elections
2322:
2188:Constitution
2181:Lower Courts
2102:Commonwealth
2058:. Australia.
2053:
2026:. Retrieved
2021:
2012:
1987:. Retrieved
1982:
1970:
1959:. Retrieved
1955:
1946:
1935:. Retrieved
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1910:
1900:
1890:29 September
1888:. Retrieved
1884:the original
1874:
1863:. Retrieved
1853:
1842:. Retrieved
1837:
1828:
1817:. Retrieved
1807:
1796:. Retrieved
1786:
1775:. Retrieved
1765:
1754:. Retrieved
1743:
1732:. Retrieved
1722:
1711:. Retrieved
1707:
1697:
1686:. Retrieved
1662:. Retrieved
1652:
1641:. Retrieved
1630:
1612:
1601:. Retrieved
1590:
1579:Antony Green
1574:
1563:. Retrieved
1559:
1549:
1538:. Retrieved
1536:. 2021-04-30
1533:
1510:. Retrieved
1508:. 2021-04-01
1505:
1482:. Retrieved
1478:the original
1454:. Retrieved
1443:
1432:. Retrieved
1422:
1411:. Retrieved
1407:
1395:
1384:. Retrieved
1375:
1368:
1357:. Retrieved
1347:
1336:. Retrieved
1326:
1309:
1300:
1289:. Retrieved
1285:the original
1280:
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1251:Antony Green
1231:. Retrieved
1227:the original
1222:
1213:
1198:
1189:
1164:
1153:
1142:
1121:
1101:Sports Party
1081:Glenn Druery
1074:
1055:
1047:
1038:
1025:1989 - 2021
983:1985 - 2018
962:1988 - 2003
941:1984 - 2016
901:
894:
883:
875:
864:
861:
849:
838:
831:
824:
784:
781:
777:
741:microparties
738:
731:
692:
675:
673:
601:Election ink
585:Voter caging
494:Likely voter
415:Vote pairing
390:Issue voting
188:Popular vote
170:Voting booth
135:Early voting
19:Part of the
2815:Nationalism
2800:Langer vote
2750:Donkey vote
2702:terminology
2354:governments
2335:Referendums
840:donkey vote
699:upper house
575:Vote buying
458:Spoilt vote
438:Donkey vote
165:Vote center
145:Open ballot
2870:Categories
2825:Playmander
2700:Political
2690:Historical
2675:One Nation
2618:Political
2563:Queensland
2535:government
2176:High Court
2154:Parliament
2028:2022-05-16
1989:2022-05-16
1961:2022-05-16
1937:2022-05-09
1865:2019-04-11
1844:2019-04-11
1819:2019-04-11
1798:2019-04-11
1777:2019-04-11
1756:2019-04-11
1734:2019-04-11
1713:2019-04-11
1688:2019-04-11
1664:2019-04-11
1643:2019-04-11
1603:2019-04-11
1599:. ABC News
1565:2022-03-20
1540:2022-05-09
1512:2022-05-09
1484:2021-10-03
1456:2019-04-11
1434:2019-04-11
1413:2022-03-20
1386:2019-04-28
1359:2019-04-28
1338:2019-04-11
1291:2021-12-10
1233:2021-10-04
1182:References
1115:candidate
1089:Ricky Muir
827:compulsory
825:Voting is
760:See also:
725:until the
703:Australian
593:Prevention
433:Abstention
301:Spare vote
291:Party-list
125:Ballot box
117:Collection
99:Electorate
81:Candidates
2628:Coalition
2431:elections
2210:elections
1091:from the
1060:when the
1035:Criticism
1028:Optional
1007:Optional
986:Optional
965:Optional
944:Optional
721:from the
45:Balloting
2830:Pub test
2710:Battlers
2636:National
2593:Victoria
2583:Tasmania
2523:Timeline
2511:Tas 2028
2506:NSW 2027
2501:Vic 2026
2486:Qld 2024
2481:ACT 2024
2469:Tas 2024
2464:NSW 2023
2459:Vic 2022
2444:Qld 2020
2439:ACT 2020
2342:Timeline
2218:Pre-1972
2208:Federal
2142:Ministry
2055:ABC News
2022:ABC News
1998:cite web
1620:Archived
1534:ABC News
1506:ABC News
1261:20 March
1169:See also
992:Victoria
793:and the
179:Counting
160:Precinct
2632:Liberal
2620:parties
2516:NT 2028
2496:SA 2026
2491:WA 2025
2474:NT 2024
2454:SA 2022
2449:WA 2021
2125:Cabinet
2110:Monarch
1916:June 7,
1122:In the
821:History
53:Ballots
2670:Lambie
2660:Katter
2655:Greens
2533:Local
2164:Senate
1158:, the
1107:, the
934:Senate
789:, the
697:, the
109:Ticket
28:Voting
2665:Labor
1979:(PDF)
1794:. ABC
1730:. ABC
1660:. ABC
1404:(PDF)
1380:(PDF)
1318:(PDF)
1257:. ABC
1022:1989
1001:1988
980:1985
959:1987
938:1984
193:Tally
104:Slate
2855:Worm
2607:list
2597:list
2587:list
2577:list
2567:list
2557:list
2547:list
2324:Next
2318:2022
2313:2019
2308:2016
2303:2013
2298:2010
2293:2007
2288:2004
2283:2001
2278:1998
2273:1996
2268:1993
2263:1990
2258:1987
2253:1984
2248:1983
2243:1980
2238:1977
2233:1975
2228:1974
2223:1972
2004:link
1918:2021
1892:2013
1263:2016
764:and
734:Fiji
713:and
83:and
2680:UAP
2414:ACT
2409:Tas
2394:Qld
2389:Vic
2384:NSW
1083:'s
1064:'s
809:or
2872::
2642:,
2638:,
2634:,
2419:NT
2404:SA
2399:WA
2052:.
2020:.
2000:}}
1996:{{
1981:.
1954:.
1909:.
1836:.
1706:.
1673:^
1558:.
1532:.
1521:^
1504:.
1493:^
1465:^
1406:.
1279:.
1242:^
1221:.
892:.
805:,
801:,
736:.
709:,
674:A
2646:)
2630:(
2609:)
2605:(
2599:)
2595:(
2589:)
2585:(
2579:)
2575:(
2569:)
2565:(
2559:)
2555:(
2549:)
2545:(
2132:)
2128:(
2086:e
2079:t
2072:v
2031:.
2006:)
1992:.
1964:.
1940:.
1920:.
1894:.
1868:.
1847:.
1822:.
1801:.
1780:.
1759:.
1737:.
1716:.
1691:.
1667:.
1646:.
1606:.
1568:.
1543:.
1515:.
1487:.
1459:.
1437:.
1416:.
1389:.
1362:.
1341:.
1294:.
1265:.
1236:.
1207:.
663:e
656:t
649:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
