658:, compared with the layout from the Zhenghe period in the Ming dynasty, the garden "now has more buildings and islets", and although lacks a "lofty" feeling, it is "still a masterpiece of meticulous work". Liu Dunzhen judged that the arrangement of rocks and water in the ponds of the central third may have its origins in the early Qing. The western third retains the late nineteenth-century layout, while the eastern third has seen several renovation since. But Clunas believes that even this is unreasonably optimistic, and he underlines that Liu Dunzhen and others tend to imply that, "despite the vicissitudes of history, there is continuity at the much more important level of essence".
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552:, created a garden on the site of the dilapidated Dahong Temple which had been burnt during the Ming conquest. In 1510, he retired to his native home of Suzhou on the occasion of his father's death. He had experienced a tumultuous official life punctuated by various demotions and promotions, and gave up his last official post as magistrate of Yongjia county in Zhejiang province, and began to work on the garden. This garden, meant to express his fine taste, received close attention from the renowned artist, Suzhou native, and friend,
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components: the stone, the plant, the architecture and the water." And these are woven together in endless combinations. At one corner in the Humble
Administrator's Garden, rocks cutthrough the wall, making viewers feel like they are exploring a mountain, despite the fact that they are in the middle of the city. The plants here represent various seasons, peonies for spring, lotus for summer, osmanthus in the winter time and plum blooms in winter.
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of Lotus blossoms on
Surging Wave Pond, as well as frame views of the islands. The hall is named after a verse by the Neo-confucianist poet Zhou Dunyi, " Though growing out of the filthy mub, she remains unstained. Though bathed in clear water, she bears no sign of seduction." This verse describing the lotus flower, also alludes to noble character, thus lotus fragrance coming off the Surging Wave Pond is ideologically tied to
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688:: This part is only half the size of the central part, and is also mainly dominated by water. The pond runs from north to south, and at the central part rises an islet. Although small, it is planned with meticulous care and precision. The buildings, though numerous, do not clutter; small mountains and ponds do not give a cramped impression.
1397:, "The bright moon shines over the hermits farmstead; the green willow proclaims the approach of spring to both families". This verse was an allusion to the clever use of borrowed views from the central and western gardens. It is a two-story octagonal tower sited atop a rockery in an enclosed courtyard.
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Also called
Blooming Brush Hall, which is an allusion to a story by Li Bai about a red flower blooming from the tip of his brush that became a symbol of creativity. It is a three bay hall with a walled courtyard attached to the front. It is named for the magnolia trees in the courtyard and functioned
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A three bay terrace hall with portico built on piers over the water to create the illusion of an unseen source feeding
Surging Wave Pond, after which it is named. The name of the pond alludes to a quote by Mencius, "when the water is clean I wash my Imperial Ribbon, when the water is dirty I wash my
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The main hall of the central garden, it is three bays wide and open on four sides. It has with a hipped-gable roofline with flying eves, and a portico on all four sides. It was rebuilt during the Qing dynasty, on the site of Wang
Xiancheng's Country Hall House. The hall is sited to capture the scent
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A terrace open on two sides with a hipped gable roofline and a portico on all four sides. It overlooks a lotus pond and was named for the verse by Yang Wangli, "To the horizon green lotus leaves seem to extend infinitely; under the sun reddish lotus flowers go bright scarlet." A scholar stone is
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The garden contains numerous pavilions and bridges set among a maze of connected pools and islands. It consists of three major parts set about a large lake: the central part (Zhuozheng Yuan), the eastern part (once called
Guitianyuanju, Dwelling Upon Return to the Countryside), and a western part
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Wang's son lost the garden to pay gambling debts, and it has changed hands many times since. In 1631 the eastern garden was divided from the rest and purchased by Wang Xinyi, Vice
Minister of the Justice Board. He added many modifications over the next four years, finishing work in 1635. After
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Pavilion, it is a square pavilion open on three sides. The inscription of this pavilion by Wang Ji, "The shrill of cicadas enhances the serenity of the woods, The twitter of birds lends tranquility to the hillsides." It is sited atop an island in the pond and along the main entry axis passing
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Xue
Zhijian, the curator of the garden and of the Suzhou Garden Museum, explained the exquisite design and aesthetic value of the Humble Administrator's Garden, the largest of Suzhou's gardens. "This style of Suzhou old style garden has numerous layers," Xue says. "There are four particular
564:, "I enjoy a carefree life by planting trees and building my own house...I irrigate my garden and grow vegetables for me to eat...such a life suits a retired official like me well". This verse symbolized Wang's desire to retire from politics and adopt a hermit's life in the manner of
960:
A covered bridge arched in three segments connected to a covered corridor on either end. It was designed to give the appearance of a rainbow shimmering when its reflection is stirred in the water. It is unique for being the only arched bridge in a Suzhou garden.
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Also called the
Pavilion of Exqusitiness, it is inspired by a verse by Su Shunqin, "Autumn drops in and tinges the dark woods red; moonlight pours down and grants the bamboo groves an exquisite look". It has a hipped gable roofline with flying eves.
920:) in his yard, one is assured of a phoniex's coming and good fortune." It is a square pavilion with a hipped gable roofline and flying eves. Each of the four sides are walled with a large moongate in the wall creating a gaitian symbolism.
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On the garden's site was first built a garden during the
Shaoxing period (1131–1162) of the Southern Song dynasty. Afterwards it changed ownership, and was destroyed or modified continually. It was the residence and garden of
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a three bay hall with attached courtyard in front housing a collection of scholar stones. The name comes from the book of Yi Xun, "standing by deep valleys makes you think deep, and scaling great heights makes you aim high."
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An attached square pavilion with hipped gable roofline and flying eves built in front of the main entry to the central garden. This pavilion is the vantage point for a borrowed view of North Temple Pagoda.
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A hexagonal pavilion with flying eves, sited in the middle of the pond. It is named for a verse by Li Hongyi, "Green willow foliage connects twin bridges; gentle breeze sends in lotus scent from around".
643:(the Supplementary Garden). The house lies in the south of the garden. In total, the garden contains 48 different buildings with 101 tablets, 40 steles, 21 precious old trees, and over 700 Suzhou-style
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in 1533 including 31 paintings and poems to commemorate the garden. Wen produced a second album of eight leaves showing sites in the garden in 1551, with different views but the same poems as in 1533.
1449:, "Autumn gloom doesn't clear up yet and fall frost gets delayed; withered lotus leaves are left in the pond to hear the patter of rain". It was designed as a vantage point to view lotus in the pond.
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The main hall of the western garden. It is a typical mandrian duck hall but with four attached pavilions at the corners in Shanghai garden style. This hall was used for Kunqu Opera performances.
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Also called the Embroidered Silk Pavilion, it is a square pavilion open on three sides. It is sited on top of a yellowstone rockery and forms an ideal vantage point for viewing the islands.
602:). The central garden was purchased by Jiang Qi, Governor of Jiangsu in 1738. After extensive renovations he renamed it Garden Rebuilt. In 1860, it became the residence of a Taiping prince,
502:) (5.2 ha; 13 acres), it is the largest garden in Suzhou and is considered by some to be the finest garden in all of southern China. In 1997, Humble Administrator's Garden was named a
2059:
1547:, "With whom shall I sit? the bright moon, refreshing breeze and me". This verse is symbolic of the poet's desire to purify his soul. The pavilion is freestanding and fan shaped.
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Also called the Southern Hall, it is a three bay hall with a portico on four sides. The roofline is hipped-gable with flying eves. The hall is named after a nearby bamboo grove.
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Pavilion. A freestanding hexagonal pavilion with a round roofline. It is the sited at the vertex of the angle formed by the side walls of the "With Whom Shall I Sit?" Pavilion.
678:: This section is composed of many scenes arranged around the "Surging Wave" Pond. Within the pond three islands recreate the scenery of the fairy islands of the east sea (see
568:. In the Xianju rhyme-prose, he writes 'This is the way of ruling for an unsuccessful politician'. It took 16 years until 1526 to complete. Wen Zhengming wrote an essay
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An attached squared pavilion sited in front of the main entry into the western garden. This entry in the form of a moongate is named Scenery of Exceptional Beauty.
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A square pavilion with hipped gable roofline and flying eveas. It is open and all sides and sited over the water, to enjoy the reflection of willows in the winter.
622:, is supposed to have lived at the garden during his teenage years – around 1735. Among Chinese scholars, it is believed that much of the garden in his novel
1934:
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A pavilion connected by covered corridor to Little Surging Wave Hall. It is enclosed on four sides as a winter retreat for viewing Flying Rainbow Bridge.
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A covered corridor with attached pavilion used as a boat dock. It is named for the grade changes which give it the feel of floating on the waves.
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A three bay hall internally divided by a lacquer screen engraved with a map of the garden. Orchid and snow are symbolic of ritual purity.
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Named after Buddhist sutra of the same name, it is a three bay square attached pavilion with hipped gable roofline and flying eves.
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The exterior part of a two gatehouse composed of two gates connected by a passage. This was the original gate to the garden.
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The interior part of a two gatehouse composed of two gates connected by a passage. This was the original gate to the garden.
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1733:"Xinhua Headlines: Suzhou Classical Gardens: Embodiment of harmony between nature and man – Xinhua | English.news.cn"
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556:. The garden was named (first evidence around 1517) after a verse by the famous scholar official of the Jin dynasty,
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Named after a Chinese folk expression, "Where there are bamboo groves there are houses," and "With a Parasol tree (
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668:: Composed of a few buildings around a central great lawn and pond combination. The lawn is ringed by a grove of
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and one of the most famous of the gardens of Suzhou. The garden is located at 178 Northeast Street (东北街178号),
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fields that once existed near the garden. The windows are decorated with boxwood carvings of scenes from
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Named for the sound of rain on banana trees. It anchors an enclosed courtyard with rockery and pond.
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muddy feet", itself an allusion to the correct behavior of a civil servant in a corrupt government.
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An octagonal tower with flying eaves, built around a preexisting well called the celestial spring.
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in allusion to the Tang dynasty State Secretariat which was nicknamed the Crape Myrtle Department.
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A square pavilion open on two sides, sited atop a hill in front of the Fragrant Sorghum Hall.
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1136:) grove. The overall composition of building and plants is one several mini-gardens.
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A landboat structure, named for the smell of the lotus blossoms in Surging Wave Pond
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243:"Humble Administrator's Garden" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese
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A five bay hall open on four sides with hipped-gable roofline. The name comes from
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Facing the garden gate, this dragon wall marked the garden entry on the canal.
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Also called the Pavilion of Awaiting Frost. It is sited atop an island.
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Fruitful Sites: Garden Culture in Ming Dynasty China (Envisioning Asia)
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A terrace with two wings built over a pond. it is named for a verse by
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A terrace with two wings built over a pond. It is named for a verse by
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was inspired by the scenery of the Humble Administrator's Garden.
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is inscribed as a single property, but composed of 9 separate
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Bibliography on Gardens in China: Sources in Western Languages
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In 1513, Wang Xianchen, an Imperial Envoy and poet of the
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Gardens of Eden: Among the World's Most Beautiful Gardens
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Location of Humble Administrator's Garden in Jiangsu
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Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Jiangsu
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1494:A two-story tower with a ground floor dedicated to
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574:Landscapes of the Humble Administrator's Garden
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16:UNESCO World Heritage Site in Jiangsu, China
1874:Yuan, Xuehan 袁学汉; Gong, Jianyi 龚建毅 (1999).
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1411:Hall of 36 Mandarin Ducks and 18 Camellias
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1231:Pavilion of Fragrant Snow and Azure Cloud
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694:Garden Design Elements with Description
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594:Dwelling Upon Return to the Countryside
585:Dwelling Upon Return to the Countryside
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1885:] (in Chinese). Jiangsu people's.
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943:) planted in the attached courtyard.
211:Humble Administrator's Garden (China)
1996:Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty
2016:The Retreat & Reflection Garden
1860:"The Humble Administrator's Garden"
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1068:Listening to the Sound of Rain Hall
934:Flowering Crabapples in Spring Hall
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1130:Named for the surrounding Loquat (
78:Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(v)
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1901:
1533:"With Whom Shall I Sit?" Pavilion
638:The Humble Administrator's Garden
228:Humble Administrator's Garden
20:The Humble Administrator's Garden
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1880:The Classical Gardens of Suzhou
1722: Zhongguo jianzhu chubanshe
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1847:"Humble Administrator's Garden"
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1390:Good for Both Families Pavilion
1234:Also called Snow Like Fragrant
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2065:AAAA-rated tourist attractions
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777:Romance of the Western Chamber
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1986:Humble Administrator's Garden
1858:Terebess LLC (24 June 2004).
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1592:World Heritage Sites in China
443:Humble Administrator's Garden
1813:Ministry of Culture (2003).
1777:Forsyth, Holly Kerr (2010).
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1293:Think Deep Aim High Pavilion
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1944:Classical Gardens of Suzhou
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1172:as Wen Zhengming's studio.
937:Named after the crabapple (
511:Classical Gardens of Suzhou
116:5.195 ha (12.84 acres)
67:Classical Gardens of Suzhou
10:
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1882:2004 isbn = 978-7214037633
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1463:Pagoda Reflection Pavilion
592:completion it was renamed
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486:UNESCO World Heritage Site
144:31.3267222°N 120.6256389°E
27:UNESCO World Heritage Site
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1991:Master of the Nets Garden
1971:
1950:
1806:Classic Gardens of Suzhou
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1186:Mountain in View Pavilion
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794:Looking Far Away Pavilion
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1085:Little Surging Wave Hall
624:Dream of the Red Chamber
619:Dream of the Red Chamber
525:Sketch of the garden by
264:Traditional Chinese
2011:Couple's Retreat Garden
1802:Suzhou gu dian yuan lin
1543:Named after a verse by
1516:Wavy Waterside Corridor
1445:Named after a verse by
1393:Named after a verse by
850:mounted in the middle.
610:World Heritage status.
250:Simplified Chinese
149:31.3267222; 120.6256389
886:Distant Fragrance Hall
750:Celestial Spring Tower
647:/penzai. According to
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541:scholar. Later in the
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509:as a component of the
1981:Garden of Cultivation
1845:Suzhou China (2009).
1800:Liu, Dunzhen (1936).
1324:Western Half Pavilion
1196:Named for a verse by
1150:Lotus Breeze Pavilion
1026:Green Ripple Pavilion
957:Flying Rainbow Bridge
767:Fragrant Sorghum Hall
637:
582:
524:
473:[tsoʔtsenɦyø]
1826:Qingxi, Lou (2011).
1739:on January 14, 2020.
1696:Yuan & Gong 1999
1435:Keep and Listen Hall
1369:Floating Green Tower
1307:True Nature Pavilion
811:Orchid and Snow Hall
1957:World Heritage Site
1808:] (in Chinese).
1484:Tower of Reflection
1346:Bamboo Hat Pavilion
1256:Peony suffruiticosa
1133:Eriobotrya japonica
911:and Bamboo Pavilion
507:World Heritage Site
186:Show map of Jiangsu
140: /
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1009:Gatehouse (Outer )
992:Gatehouse (Inner )
670:crape myrtle trees
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2006:Lion Grove Garden
2001:Canglang Pavilion
1965:Suzhou Prefecture
1708:Suzhou China 2009
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1561:All Blue Pavilion
940:Malus spectabilis
846:Pavilion of Lotus
729:All Blue Pavilion
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387:Zyut3-zing3 jyun4
367:Yale Romanization
287:Standard Mandarin
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214:Show map of China
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1976:Lingering Garden
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1853:on 3 March 2016.
1849:. Archived from
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1817:. Archived from
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346:Romanization
294:Hanyu Pinyin
1865:20 February
1675:Clunas 1996
1654:Qingxi 2011
1612:Clunas 1996
1566:Chu Guangxi
1447:Li Shangyin
1352:Indocalamus
1237:Prunus mume
869:Bamboo Hall
734:Chu Guangxi
712:Dragon Wall
652: [
604:Li Xiucheng
147: /
122:Coordinates
96:1997 (21st
93:Inscription
2049:Categories
1622:References
649:Lou Qingxi
614:Cao Xueqin
535:Lu Guimeng
308:Wade–Giles
105:Extensions
87:813bis-001
1500:Shen Zhou
465:Suzhou Wu
83:Reference
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1758:(1996).
1720:Liu 1936
1576:See also
1395:Bai Juyi
1258:Pavilion
1108:松风水阁,小沧浪
492:. At 78
381:Jyutping
74:Criteria
44:Location
1961:gardens
1830:. CUP.
1748:Sources
1614:) cites
772:sorghum
680:Penglai
645:penjing
558:Pan Yue
517:History
476:) is a
447:Chinese
98:Session
63:Part of
53:Jiangsu
1954:UNESCO
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1834:
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1587:Suzhou
1545:Su Shi
630:Design
608:UNESCO
504:UNESCO
482:Suzhou
457::
455:pinyin
449::
419:Tâi-lô
49:Suzhou
1952:This
1878:[
1804:[
1598:Notes
656:]
57:China
1887:ISBN
1867:2009
1832:ISBN
1787:ISBN
1764:ISBN
1538:谁同坐轩
1498:and
599:歸田園居
537:, a
484:, a
441:The
113:Area
108:2000
1963:in
1489:倒影楼
1468:塔影亭
1440:留听阁
1374:浮翠阁
1191:见山阁
1031:绿漪亭
682:).
480:in
451:拙政园
395:IPA
322:IPA
270:拙政園
256:拙政园
2051::
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