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187:, which allowed remote access to Harvest. According to a 1965 NSA report, "RYE has made it possible for the agency to locate many more potentially exploitable cryptographic systems and 'bust' situations. Many messages that would have taken hours or days to read by hand methods, if indeed the process were feasible at all, can now be 'set' and machine decrypted in a matter of minutes". Harvest was also used for decipherment of
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memory. The two streams could be combined, used to find data in tables, or counted to determine the frequency of various values. A value could be anything from 1 to 16 contiguous bits, without regard to alignment, and the streams could be as simple as data laid out in memory, or data read repeatedly, under the control of multiple nested "do"-loop descriptors, which were interpreted by the hardware.
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Harvest remained in use until 1976, having been in operation at the NSA for fourteen years. Part of the reason for its retirement was that some of the mechanical components of TRACTOR had worn beyond use, and there was no practical way to replace them. IBM declined to re-implement the architecture
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Harvest's most important mode of operation was called "setup" mode, in which the processor was configured with several hundred bits of information and the processor then operated by streaming data from memory — possibly taking two streams from memory — and writing a separate stream back to
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The TRACTOR tape system, part of the HARVEST system, was unique for its time. It included six tape drives, which handled 1.75-inch-wide (44 mm) tape in cartridges, along with a library mechanism that could fetch a cartridge from a library, mount it on a drive, and return it to the library. The
81:. Its electronics (fabricated of the same kind of discrete transistors used for Stretch) were physically about twice as big as the Stretch to which it was attached. Harvest added a small number of instructions to Stretch, and could not operate independently.
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One purpose of the machine was to search text for key words from a watchlist. From a single foreign cipher system, Harvest was able to scan over seven million decrypts for any occurrences of over 7,000 key words in under four hours.
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transfer rates and library mechanism were balanced in performance such that the system could read two streams of data from tape, and write a third, for the entire capacity of the library, without any time wasted for tape handling.
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In April 1958, the final design for the NSA-customized version of IBM's
Stretch computer had been approved, and the machine was installed in February 1962. The design engineer was
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An NSA-conducted evaluation found that
Harvest was more powerful than the best commercially available machine by a factor of 50 to 200, depending on the task.
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The computer was also used for codebreaking, and this was enhanced by an early distributed networking system codenamed
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With the stream processing unit, Harvest was able to process 3 million characters a second.
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The equipment added to the
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General and
Special-Purpose Computers: a Historical Look and Some Lessons Learned
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TJ Misa “Computer
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History of NSA General-Purpose
Electronic Digital Computers
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for the former around the time the machine was delivered.
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167:) were designed for programming it, and IBM provided a
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J.A.N. Lee, March in computing history, looking.back,
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Timeline of the IBM Stretch/Harvest Era (1956–1961)
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163:(not be confused with Simula-inspired
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116:— High-performance core storage
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199:in a more modern technology.
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235:IBM (November 13, 1957).
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131:— High-speed I/O exchange
96:A HARVEST tape cartridge.
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623:Texas Cryptologic Center
461:National Security Agency
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55:National Security Agency
1294:One-of-a-kind computers
1229:National Vigilance Park
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750:John Michael McConnell
307:Cryptologic Milestones
209:Cryptanalytic computer
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27:Cryptanalysis computer
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256:Bamford, 2001, p. 586
153:programming languages
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412:Warren Alva Hunt,
276:2006-03-07 at the
109:Stream coprocessor
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1095:TRAILBLAZER
1007:Matthew Aid
1000:Thomas Tamm
929:Controversy
870:ANT catalog
701:Noel Gayler
616:Sugar Grove
560:Kent Island
504:Dorsey Road
143:Programming
69:Development
1273:Categories
1148:Interquake
1102:Turbulence
862:Technology
609:Salt Creek
525:Fort Meade
215:References
1155:Main Core
1133:Databases
1116:XKeyscore
986:Russ Tice
877:FROSTBURG
795:Divisions
715:Lew Allen
602:Room 641A
468:Locations
1141:DISHFIRE
1109:Upstream
1060:MUSCULAR
1046:Fairview
1032:Dropmire
1017:Programs
581:Pine Gap
374:(10.4MB)
352:, 2001,
274:Archived
271:(online)
267:Computer
203:See also
169:compiler
129:IBM 7959
120:IBM 7955
114:IBM 7952
105:IBM 7951
40:IBM 7950
1183:PINWALE
1162:MAINWAY
1039:ECHELON
958:LOVEINT
912:STU-III
884:HARVEST
657:Leaders
424:TRACTOR
396:(3.3MB)
384:(1.1MB)
340:Sources
124:TRACTOR
44:Harvest
34:HARVEST
18:HARVEST
1243:VENONA
1176:Nymrod
1169:MARINA
1067:MYSTIC
905:STU-II
356:
1193:Other
1074:PRISM
898:STU-I
242:(PDF)
228:(PDF)
175:Usage
157:Alpha
852:NSOC
845:NTOC
497:CSSG
354:ISBN
161:Beta
159:and
151:Two
38:The
838:TAO
831:SSO
817:ROC
803:CSS
185:Rye
59:IBM
1275::
348:,
298:^
284:^
155:,
107:—
65:.
453:e
446:t
439:v
360:.
244:.
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
