684:"The assailants went out in three cars to Radio Reloj. Carlos Figueredo traveled as our driver, Fructuoso Rodríguez, José Antonio Echeverría, Joe Westbrook and myself. According to our plan, Echeverría was the only one that had to reach the door of the CMQ station building. The other two had the mission of closing the street in each corner to avoid interruptions. They entered the building with authority. While they went up to the transmission booth, the driver concentrated on preventing the car from going out, and I went out with the machine gun to ensure the return without mishap. About five minutes later I see that the doorman starts to close a large glass door. While Figueredo shoots twice from his seat, I go to the entrance of CMQ, I point (my gun) at the guard and I say "do not close, because if you do I'll open it up with bullets." That man was paralyzed, but he did not continue. Just a moment later José Antonio and the others come down. They had cut the transmission and did not finish reading the message. When we passed the corner of Jovellar and L we felt the siren of a police car after us. Right there I told the Chinese Figueredo to keep quiet and let the patrol pass. Well, he started like a fireball and rammed the police car almost head-on. With the crash, I fell to the ground, but I remember how José Antonio had the impulse to open the door shooting at the cops. Even today I have very clear in my memory the fat man falling almost in front of us."
725:
709:), 34, José Luis Gómez Wangüemert, 31, José Briñas Garcia, 26, Ubaldo (Waldo) Diaz Fuentes, 28, Abelardo Rodriguez Mederos, 30 (driver of one of the cars), José Castellanos Valdes, (alias "Ventrecha"), 35, Evelio Prieto Guillaume, 33, Adolfo Delgado, Eduardo Panizo Bustos, 32, Pedro Esperon, 45, Reinaldo León Llera, 39, Norberto Hernández Nodal, 45, Pedro Nulasco Monzón, 30, Pedro Tellez Valdes, 37, Mario Casañas Díaz, 28, Asterlo Enls Masa de Armas, 25, Gerardo Medina Candentey, Carlos Manuel Pérez Domingues, 45, Angel Salvador González González, 54, Adolfo Raúl Delgado Rodriguez, 29, Ramón Alraro Betancourt, 36, Celestino Pacheco, Eduardo Domingues Aguilar, 50, Pedro Zayden Rivera, 25, Luis Felipe Almeida Hernandez, 35, José Hernández, Salvador Alfaro, and Ormani Arenado Llonch.
737:
757:
park in front of the palace and all adjacent streets. Placards and banners carried by the marchers proclaimed approval of
General Batista's policies, his public works program and his efforts to suppress the revolutionary activities of his enemies. One large banner said, "For Batista, in the Past, Now and Forever." Another read "Five Hundred American Residents of the Isle of Pines Have Faith in Batista." The keynote of the demonstration was "Peace." Flocks of white doves were released during the demonstration to signify a demand for peace. Precautionary measures were taken by the government to protect the demonstrators. Policemen armed with rifles surrounded the palace. On all near-by roofs policemen and soldiers armed with rifles and machine guns were on duty.
644:
572:
39:
240:
221:
169:
669:
810:
694:
770:, among other topics, that hitting up, "golpear arriba," was one of the "false concepts about the revolution" because "tyranny is not a man; tyranny is a system (...) We were never supporters of tyrannicide or military coups, to inculcate the people a complex of impotence " A few months earlier Castro had reprimanded Guevara for having signed a pact with Rolando Cubela, Chomon's lieutenant in the
664:"People of Cuba, in these moments the dictator Fulgencio Batista has just been justified. In his own burrow of the Presidential Palace, the people of Cuba have come to settle accounts. And it is we, the Revolutionary Directory, who in the name of the Cuban Revolution have given the shot of grace to this regime of opprobrium. Cubans listening to me. It's just been removed..."
715:
Surviving the attack were Angel Eros, Amador
Silveriño (driver of the "Fast Delivery" truck.), Orlando Manrique, Orlando Lamadrid Velazco, Sergio Pereda Velazco, Santiago Aguero, Manuel Toranzo, Ricardo Olmedo (injured during attack; later shot for attempting to kill Fidel Castro), 40, Faure Chomón,
756:
Special to the New York Times. HAVANA, April 7—Thousands of persons marched to the
Presidential Palace this afternoon to signify their support of President Fulgencio Batista. Representatives of labor, commerce, industry, Government, political parties and supporters of the Administration filled the
732:
The Havana
Urgency court announced there would be a trial on April 5, 1957, for those charged in the March 13 attacks. Two individuals were under arrest to be tried: Orlando Olmedo Moreno, wounded during the attack, and Efrain Alfonso Liriano. All others connected with the attack either escaped or
659:
who was accompanied among others, by
Fructuoso Rodríguez, Joe Westbrook, Raúl Diaz Argüelles, and Julio García Olivera. The group departed from a basement apartment located on Calle 19 between Calles B and C towards the Radiocentro CMQ Building in three automobiles, including a delivery truck. At
627:
The main assault force was to be supported by a group of 100 armed men who would occupy the tallest buildings in the surrounding area of the
Presidential Palace (La Tabacalera, the Sevilla Hotel, the Palace of Fine Arts) and, from these positions, support the main force. However, this secondary
615:
Twelve government soldiers on guard at the entrance were shot or scattered. Of the 46 attackers, nine were able to reach the second floor of the east wing of the palace, about ten were shot down in the open area before the building and the remainder occupied part of the ground floor. The palace
797:
of revolutionaries, regardless of whether they were armed or fighting back. On April 20, 1957, four unarmed DRE revolutionaries who were previously involved in the attack were shot and killed by Havana police as they attempted to flee their apartment safehouse during a raid. The event led to
619:
Batista's office on the third floor was reached by a group of the rebel force and two of his guards were killed near his desk. Batista himself had retreated to the presidential suite on the top floor where the palace defenders rallied and fired on the attackers both within the palace and the
778:"You are committing a serious political error by sharing your authority, your prestige and your strength with the Revolutionary Directorate. There is no sense in raising a small group whose intentions and ambitions we know so well, and which in the future will be a source of problems "
676:
The operation failed, Batista was never killed, and the troops guarding the Radio Reloj transmission tower in Arroyo Arenas had knocked down the transmission. José Antonio was shot and killed by police on the corner of
November 27 and L, on his way back to the university.
583:
The plan of attack, as explained by Faure Chomón
Mediavilla, was to secure the Presidential Palace by a commando of fifty men (46 participated) and simultaneously support the operation by one hundred men occupying the radio station Radio Reloj at the
701:
Twenty of the 100 members of
Batista's presidential guard were killed. Forty-two rebels participated in the attack against the palace; 34 were from the Partido Autentico, and the rest were from the Student Directory.
660:
3:21 PM on March 13, 1957, José Antonio arrived at Radio Reloj and after being announced, read a prepared statement over the radio, announcing
Batista's death despite that such an event had not actually happened.
631:
The attackers spoke in code to frustrate a potential infiltration or a divulging of the attack in any conversation. It had been agreed early on that they would refer to the palace as "la casa de los tres kilos."
798:
widespread criticism of the police and, after the revolution, resulted in the arrest, trial and execution (1964) of Marcos Rodriguez (Marquitos), another revolutionary who betrayed the four men.
749:
The public act of redress by the people of Havana for the assault of March 13 on the Presidential Palace took place on April 7, 1957. It was reported that more than 250,000 people attended.
434:
1364:
1930:
355:
716:
Antonio Castell Valdes, Juan Gualberto Valdes, José M. Olivera, Marcos Leonel Remigio González, Juan José Alfonso Zuñiga, Evelio Álvarez, and Luís Goicochea.
1895:
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At 3:40 pm, the main assault force arrived before the main entrance to the Presidential Palace in two sedans and a delivery truck. They were armed with
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1203:
72:
1404:
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were summoned. The rebels within the palace were forced to retreat, some being killed on the main staircase. Only three escaped the building.
1324:
1910:
915:
724:
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348:
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1134:
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in Escambray mountains, the "Pacto del Pedrero". The letter is dated in Palma Soriano on December 26, 1958; part of it reads:
1717:
972:
839:
771:
541:
341:
173:
1582:
384:
1900:
1008:
736:
712:
Killed at Radio Reloj were José Azef, Aestor Bombino, José Antonio Echevarria, Otto Hernandez, and Pedro Martinez Brito.
1821:
1747:
628:
support operation was not carried out as the militants assigned to capture the buildings hesitated and did not arrive.
492:
394:
1811:
1110:
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1044:
480:
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612:. All were in shirtsleeves for identification, since suits or uniforms were required for persons within the palace.
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996:
1647:
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to announce the death of Batista. The attack on the palace would result in the elimination of Fulgencio Batista.
525:
1925:
1424:
536:. The attack began at around 3:30 pm on March 13, 1957, carried out by Menelao Mora, a group of members of the
379:
1258:
1227:
424:
1662:
643:
1727:
1369:
849:
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The failure of the attacks led to a widespread police crackdown on anti-Batista militants, often involving
656:
576:
225:
138:
1652:
571:
544:, but was unsuccessful in its goal of killing Batista. According to one of the group's founding members,
1707:
1397:
1386:
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1196:
1176:
1417:
705:
Killed at the Presidential Palace were Menelao Mora Morales, 52, Carlos Gutíerrez Menoyo (brother of
389:
1607:
38:
1765:
829:
635:
Although the attackers reached the third floor of the palace, they did not locate or harm Batista.
585:
560:
313:
1760:
1320:
859:
706:
1920:
1461:
1737:
1602:
1496:
854:
563:. The plan was to announce Batista's death over Radio Reloj; however, this attack also failed.
456:
1697:
908:
1935:
1642:
1592:
1534:
1508:
794:
473:
976:
766:
On January 22, 1959, Fidel Castro explained to journalists gathered in the Copa Room of the
680:
Otto Hernández Fernández, the last survivor of the Radio Reloj attack, recalled the events:
1905:
1836:
1831:
767:
502:
429:
414:
537:
162:
8:
1826:
1755:
1557:
1552:
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497:
487:
409:
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1347:
942:
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The attack at Radio Reloj, located in the Radiocentro CMQ Building at Calle 23 and L in
1781:
1503:
1491:
1481:
728:
Cuban army vehicle on Calle Zulueta immediately after the attack at Presidential Palace
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forecourt below. At this point military and police reinforcements arrived while
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244:
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997:
http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/1957/St_Louis_Post_Dispatch-3-13-1957-1.pdf
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1018:
1889:
1871:
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87:
74:
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Cuando los universitarios se levantaron contra el gobernante de Cuba (FOTOS)
1627:
579:
left abandoned in the road following the attack on the Presidential Palace.
1866:
1816:
1791:
1657:
1622:
1567:
943:"The Cuban Revolution Attack on the Presidential Palace (March 13, 1957)"
815:
556:
1843:
652:
1228:"Verdades del Ataque al Palacio Presidencial el 13 de Marzo de 1957"
672:
Havana Police officers armed with automatic weapons after the attack
552:
strategy and sought to overthrow the government by killing Batista.
1409:
333:
1405:
Verdades del Ataque al Palacio Presidencial el 13 de Marzo de 1957
43:
Armed DR militants advancing through the streets during the attack
1321:"Thousands of Cubans March in Havana to Show Support for Batista"
1013:
609:
693:
605:
529:
61:
1382:
Asalto al Palacio Presidencial y toma de la emisora Radio Relo
740:
Batista supporters at the public act of redress, April 7, 1957
597:
520:
was a failed assassination attempt on the life of President
1848:
621:
533:
65:
1111:"ANIVERSARIO DEL ATAQUE AL PALACIO PRESIDENCIAL DE CUBA"
1156:"Anniversary of the Assault on the presidential palace"
16:
1957 assassination attempt during the Cuban Revolution
647:
Bullet holes in glass at the Radiocentro CMQ Building
805:
1348:Attack on the Presidential Palace (March 13, 1957)
1259:"No Eran Estudiantes los Que Asaltaron el Palacio"
1030:
1028:
1887:
1376:No Eran Estudiantes los Que Atacaron el Palacio.
555:The same day, a similar attack occurred at the
1931:Failed assassination attempts in North America
1025:
1425:
591:
349:
1883:Havana Presidential Palace attack Q57729352
937:
935:
1896:Military operations of the Cuban Revolution
1177:"13 de Marzo: Día de fervor revolucionario"
1432:
1418:
1360:Que Paso en el despacho de Batista_Bohemia
356:
342:
37:
932:
616:switchboard was disabled with a grenade.
144:Batista unharmed by assassination attempt
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
744:
735:
723:
697:The delivery truck used by the attackers
692:
667:
642:
570:
1372:Chicago Daily Tribune. March 14, 1957.]
967:
965:
963:
1888:
1131:"CUBAN INFORMATION ARCHIVES, Doc 0128"
1059:
1034:
973:"13 de Marzo: crisis del golpe arriba"
782:
518:1957 Havana Presidential Palace attack
24:1957 Havana Presidential Palace attack
1413:
1341:
1011:[The Taking of Radio Reloj].
949:from the original on October 22, 2018
890:
840:Directorio Revolucionario 13 de Marzo
638:
542:Directorio Revolucionario 13 de Marzo
337:
1439:
1083:
1081:
960:
363:
761:
540:, and the student opposition group
300:6 presidential guards and policemen
200:Menelao Mora Morales (Chief)
13:
1911:March 1957 events in North America
1822:United States embargo against Cuba
1748:Second National Front of Escambray
493:Second National Front of Escambray
14:
1947:
1812:Aftermath of the Cuban Revolution
1472:Havana Presidential Palace attack
1353:
1078:
808:
238:
219:
167:
1327:from the original on 2018-10-30
1313:
1302:from the original on 2018-10-28
1282:
1271:from the original on 2018-10-28
1251:
1240:from the original on 2018-10-28
1220:
1209:from the original on 2019-04-30
1189:
1169:
1148:
1137:from the original on 2019-08-12
1123:
1103:
1017:. 13 March 2008. Archived from
979:from the original on 2018-10-22
921:from the original on 2018-11-02
1916:People of the Cuban Revolution
1053:
1001:
990:
872:
209:Carlos Gutiérrez Menoyo
1:
884:
878:The house of the three cents.
688:
719:
7:
801:
10:
1952:
1901:Opposition to Fidel Castro
1648:José Ramón Machado Ventura
786:
592:Presidential Palace attack
548:, they were following the
405:Havana Presidential Palace
182:Presidential Palace guards
1859:
1804:
1774:
1746:
1718:Directorio Revolucionario
1716:
1653:Fernando Martínez Heredia
1533:
1524:
1447:
1197:"Rebel Suicide Wiped Out"
566:
375:
322:
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294:
289:
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262:
196:
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174:Directorio Revolucionario
155:
150:
127:
119:
111:
103:
56:
48:
36:
28:
23:
1766:William Alexander Morgan
1708:Sergio del Valle Jiménez
1009:"La toma de Radio Reloj"
866:
830:Radiocentro CMQ Building
586:Radiocentro CMQ Building
561:Radiocentro CMQ Building
278:Unknown number of police
1728:José Antonio Echeverría
1688:Carlos Rafael Rodríguez
1462:History Will Absolve Me
850:José Antonio Echeverría
657:José Antonio Echeverría
577:José Antonio Echeverría
280:100 presidential guards
245:Faure Chomón Mediavilla
226:José Antonio Echeverría
139:José Antonio Echeverría
131:Cuban military victory
1738:Rolando Cubela Secades
1608:Abelardo Colomé Ibarra
1603:Norberto Collado Abreu
1497:Battle of Las Mercedes
1393:La toma de Radio Reloj
1290:"Palace Attack Trials"
1090:La toma de Radio Reloj
909:"LA SIERRA y el LLANO"
855:Rolando Cubela Secades
795:extrajudicial killings
780:
759:
741:
729:
698:
686:
673:
666:
648:
580:
134:DRE militants repelled
1926:Cuban revolutionaries
1761:Eloy Gutiérrez Menoyo
1663:Antonio Núñez Jiménez
1643:Neill W. Macaulay Jr.
1593:Mario Chanes de Armas
1535:26th of July Movement
1509:Battle of Santa Clara
1060:Thomas, Hugh (2001).
1035:Thomas, Hugh (2001).
860:Eloy Gutiérrez Menoyo
776:
751:
745:Public Act of Redress
739:
727:
707:Eloy Gutiérrez Menoyo
696:
682:
671:
662:
646:
574:
88:23.14167°N 82.35667°W
1837:Cuban Missile Crisis
1832:Bay of Pigs Invasion
768:Havana Riviera hotel
753:By R. Hart Phillips
1827:La Coubre explosion
1756:Escambray rebellion
1698:Humberto Sorí Marin
1558:Efigenio Ameijeiras
1553:Juan Almeida Bosque
1477:Humboldt 7 massacre
835:Presidential Palace
825:Humboldt 7 massacre
789:Humboldt 7 massacre
783:Humboldt 7 massacre
526:Presidential Palace
498:La Coubre explosion
488:Escambray rebellion
115:Assassinate Batista
93:23.14167; -82.35667
84: /
1504:Battle of Yaguajay
1492:Battle of La Plata
1482:Attack on El Uvero
1342:Additional reading
742:
730:
699:
674:
649:
639:Radio Reloj attack
581:
1880:
1879:
1800:
1799:
1787:Pedro Luis Boitel
1598:Camilo Cienfuegos
1370:Revolt in Havana.
772:DR-13-3 guerrilla
538:Partido Auténtico
522:Fulgencio Batista
511:
510:
332:
331:
285:
284:
254:Fulgencio Batista
248:Ignacio Gonzalez
187:
186:
1943:
1578:Ramón Castro Ruz
1543:Alfredo Abon Lee
1531:
1530:
1487:Operation Verano
1457:Moncada Barracks
1441:Cuban Revolution
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926:
920:
913:
905:
879:
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813:
812:
811:
762:Golpeando Arriba
390:Santiago de Cuba
385:Domingo Goicuria
380:Moncada Barracks
370:
368:
367:Cuban Revolution
358:
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269:
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41:
31:Cuban Revolution
21:
20:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1944:
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1941:
1940:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1855:
1796:
1770:
1742:
1719:
1712:
1673:Enrique Oltuski
1633:Melba Hernández
1573:Orlando Borrego
1548:Ricardo Alarcón
1526:
1520:
1516:Battle of Guisa
1443:
1438:
1392:
1381:
1356:
1344:
1339:
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1158:. 13 March 2021
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1093:, 13 March 2008
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1064:. p. 616.
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1039:. p. 615.
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641:
602:submachine guns
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123:Surprise attack
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17:
12:
11:
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1921:Cuban soldiers
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1618:Carlos Franqui
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1936:1957 in Cuba
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1733:Faure Chomón
1628:Armando Hart
1583:Fidel Castro
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1329:. Retrieved
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457:Las Mercedes
447:2nd La Plata
440:
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400:1st La Plata
298:26 militants
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192:Lead figures
180:Cuban police
29:Part of the
1906:1957 deaths
1867:Escopeteros
1817:Cuban exile
1792:Rafael Cruz
1720:Estuciantil
1658:Huber Matos
1623:Che Guevara
1613:Vilma Espín
1588:Raúl Castro
1568:Bob Baldock
816:Cuba portal
557:Radio Reloj
503:Bay of Pigs
474:Santa Clara
137:DRE leader
128:Resulted in
91: /
1890:Categories
1678:Frank País
1527:and people
1331:2018-10-22
1306:2018-09-15
1275:2018-10-28
1244:2018-10-22
1213:2018-11-01
1182:2018-12-01
1162:2021-08-20
1141:2019-08-12
1116:2019-08-12
1097:2022-01-28
983:2018-10-22
953:2018-10-22
925:2018-11-01
885:References
689:Casualties
425:Cienfuegos
410:Humboldt 7
290:Casualties
163:Auténticos
79:82°21′24″W
76:23°08′30″N
1844:Guevarism
720:Aftermath
653:El Vedado
481:Aftermath
415:Corynthia
161:Group of
104:Caused by
1449:Timeline
1325:Archived
1297:Archived
1266:Archived
1235:Archived
1204:Archived
1135:Archived
977:Archived
947:Archived
916:Archived
802:See also
610:grenades
464:Yaguajay
420:El Uvero
314:Detained
305:Arrested
295:Death(s)
57:Location
1860:Related
1398:YouTube
1387:YouTube
1014:YouTube
606:pistols
559:at the
524:at the
324:Charged
232:†
213:†
204:†
151:Parties
120:Methods
107:Tyranny
1805:Impact
1467:Granma
1068:
1043:
608:, and
598:rifles
567:Attack
530:Havana
441:Verano
263:Number
228:
141:killed
62:Havana
1775:Other
1300:(PDF)
1293:(PDF)
1269:(PDF)
1262:(PDF)
1238:(PDF)
1231:(PDF)
1207:(PDF)
1200:(PDF)
919:(PDF)
912:(PDF)
867:Notes
622:tanks
469:Guisa
452:Jigüe
112:Goals
1849:Foco
1066:ISBN
1062:Cuba
1041:ISBN
1037:Cuba
534:Cuba
516:The
66:Cuba
49:Date
1396:on
1385:on
528:in
1892::
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