977:
965:
913:
the level. Level 1 represents normal summer conditions. Level 2 occurs when there is a 60% or higher risk that the temperature will be above the threshold levels for two days and the intervening night. Level 3 arises when the temperature has been above the threshold for the preceding day and night, and there is a 90% or higher chance that it will stay above the threshold in the following day. Level 4 is triggered if conditions are more severe than those of the preceding three levels. Each of the first three levels gives rise to a particular state of readiness and response by the social and health services. Level 4 involves a more widespread response. The threshold for a heat wave occurs when there are at least three days above 25 °C (77 °F) across much of the country. Greater London has a threshold of 28 °C (82 °F).
994:
1128:
2203:
780:
925:, a heat wave is typically when the temperature reaches or exceeds 90 °F (32.2 °C) for three consecutive days. This is not always the case. This is because the high temperature ties in with humidity levels to determine a heat index threshold. The same does not apply to drier climates. A heat storm is a Californian term for an extended heat wave. Heat storms occur when the temperature reaches 100 °F (37.8 °C) for three or more consecutive days over a wide area (tens of thousands of square miles). The
1277:
2148:
2502:- Since May 2024, the longest heat wave has occurred in India and Pakistan with a new record temperature for India's capital New Delhi of 49 °C (120 °F) (an even higher record of 53 °C (127 °F) had initially been reported in New Delhi on May 29 but was later found to be attributable to a faulty sensor), and temperatures in Pakistan getting as high as 52.2 °C (126.0 °F).
58:
1078:. The air warms as it descends from the Karoo interior. The temperature will rise about 10 Celsius from the interior to the coast. Humidity is usually very low. The temperature can be over 40 Celsius in summer. The highest temperature recorded in South Africa (51.5 Celsius) occurred one summer during a berg wind along the Eastern Cape coastline.
5561:
Bin-Jumah, May; Abd El-Hack, Mohamed E.; Abdelnour, Sameh A.; Hendy, Yasmeen A.; Ghanem, Hager A.; Alsafy, Sara A.; Khafaga, Asmaa F.; Noreldin, Ahmed E.; Shaheen, Hazem; Samak, Dalia; Momenah, Maha A.; Allam, Ahmed A.; AlKahtane, Abdullah A.; Alkahtani, Saad; Abdel-Daim, Mohamed M.; Aleya, Lotfi (19
2523:
from countries including
Indonesia, Jordan, Tunisia, and India. It is reported that as many as 1300 people may have died. Saudi authorities have said most who died were not officially authorized to perform Hajj. Forecasts predicted temperatures as high as 113 °F (45 °C) on 19 June 2024. The
2299:
of livestock is less effective when they suffer from heat stress. So far, heat stress had been estimated by researchers using inconsistent definitions, and current livestock models have limited correlation with experimental data. Notably, since livestock like cows spend much of their day laying down,
1085:
can intensify heat waves in Europe. Low soil moisture leads to a number of complex feedback mechanisms. These in turn can result in increased surface temperatures. One of the main mechanisms is reduced evaporative cooling of the atmosphere. When water evaporates, it consumes energy. So, it will lower
1327:
The number of heat fatalities is probably highly underreported. This is due to a lack of reports and to misreporting. When considering heat-related illnesses as well, actual death tolls from extreme heat may be six times higher than official figures. This is based on studies of
California and Japan.
1050:
area at the surface leads to surface wind from lower latitudes that brings warm air, enhancing the warming. The surface winds could also blow from the hot continental interior towards the coastal zone. This would lead to heat waves on the coast. They could also blow from high towards low elevations.
912:
operates a Heat Health Watch system. This places each Local
Authority region into one of four levels. Heat wave conditions occur when the maximum daytime temperature and minimum nighttime temperature rise above the threshold for a particular region. The length of time above that threshold determines
1342:
in 2003 showed that heat wave dangers result from a combination of natural and social factors. Social invisibility is one such factor. Heat-related deaths can occur indoors, for instance among elderly people living alone. In these cases it can be challenging to assign heat as a contributing factor.
1001:
It is possible to compare heat waves in different regions of the world with different climates thanks to a general indicator that appeared in 2015. With these indicators, experts estimated heat waves at the global scale from 1901 to 2010. They found a substantial and sharp increase in the number of
2678:
In July 2019, there were over 50 million people in the United States in jurisdictions with heat advisories. Scientists predicted that many records for highest low temperatures would be broken in the days following these warnings. This means the lowest temperature in a 24-hour period will be higher
2309:
Heat waves cause roads and highways to buckle and melt, water lines to burst, and power transformers to detonate, causing fires. A heat wave can also damage railways, by buckling and kinking rails. This can slow down or delay traffic. It can even lead to cancellations of service when rails are too
2400:
may cause mass mortality in fish populations, especially for species that are better adapted to cooler temperatures. Species that have adapted to warmer temperatures may expand their range during a heatwave. These invasive species may outcompete the native species that experience higher mortality
2245:
Livestock can also suffer multiple sublethal impacts from heat stress, such as reduced milk production. Once the temperatures exceed 30 °C (86 °F), cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and chickens all begin to consume 3–5% less feed for each subsequent degree of temperature increase. At the same
6119:
Smale, Dan A.; Wernberg, Thomas; Oliver, Eric C. J.; Thomsen, Mads; Harvey, Ben P.; Straub, Sandra C.; Burrows, Michael T.; Alexander, Lisa V.; Benthuysen, Jessica A.; Donat, Markus G.; Feng, Ming; Hobday, Alistair J.; Holbrook, Neil J.; Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E.; Scannell, Hillary A. (April
1117:
Experts can often attribute the intensity of individual heat waves to global warming. Some extreme events would have been nearly impossible without human influence on the climate system. A heatwave that would occur once every ten years before global warming started now occurs 2.8 times as often.
2388:
that describes the temperatures where they perform best. Temperature conditions that are outside of this range may experience decreased fitness and the inability to reproduce. The species with sufficient genetic variation will be able to ensure some individuals can survive frequent days of high
1058:
originating in the Gulf of Mexico becomes stationary just off the
Atlantic Seaboard. Hot humid air masses form over the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. At the same time hot dry air masses form over the desert Southwest and northern Mexico. The southwest winds on the back side of the high
2720:
The relationship between extreme temperature and mortality in the United States varies by location. Heat is more likely to increase the risk of death in cities in the northern part of the country than in southern regions. As a whole, people in the United States appear to be adapting to hotter
892:
defines a heat wave as occurring over three consecutive days with temperatures at 39 °C (102 °F) or higher. In the same period the minimum temperature is 26 °C (79 °F) or more. During this period, there are either no winds or only weak winds. These conditions occur in a broad area.
89:
is usually measured relative to the usual climate in the area and to normal temperatures for the season. Temperatures that humans from a hotter climate consider normal, can be regarded as a heat wave in a cooler area. This would be the case if the warm temperatures are outside the normal
2129:
One study looked at fine particle concentrations and ozone concentrations from 1860 to 2000. It found that the global population-weighted fine particle concentrations increased by 5 percent due to climate change. Near-surface ozone concentrations rose by 2 percent.
2510:- Since mid-June 2024, Greece has been experiencing a heatwave, Europe's first heatwave of the year. Temperatures in Greece are forecast to reach to 43 °C (109 °F). Turkey has also been affected with temperatures hitting 44 °C (111 °F).
2300:
comprehensive heat stress estimation needs to take account of ground temperature as well, but the first model to do so was only published in 2021, and it still tends to systematically overestimate body temperature while underestimating breathing rate.
2158:
Heat waves often have complex effects on economies. They reduce labour productivity, disrupt agricultural and industrial processes and damage infrastructure that is not suitable for extreme heat. In 2016, a marine heatwave in Chile and its subsequent
113:
in the upper atmosphere strengthens and remains over a region for several days up to several weeks. This traps heat near the earth's surface. It is usually possible to forecast heat waves, thus allowing the authorities to issue a warning in advance.
3941:. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US.
2103:
High temperatures also have a significant effect on income. A study of countries in the United States found that the economic productivity of individual days declines by about 1.7 percent for each degree
Celsius above 15 °C (59 °F).
117:
Heat waves have an impact on the economy. They can reduce labour productivity, disrupt agricultural and industrial processes and damage infrastructure. Severe heat waves have caused catastrophic crop failures and thousands of deaths from
2344:, fires raged through Portugal. They destroyed over 3,010 square kilometres (1,160 sq mi) of forest and 440 square kilometres (170 sq mi) of agricultural land. They caused about €1 billion worth of damage. High end
3559:
Zampieri, Matteo; Russo, Simone; Di
Sabatino, Silvana; Michetti, Melania; Scoccimarro, Enrico; Gualdi, Silvio (2016). "Global assessment of heatwave magnitudes from 1901 to 2010 and implications for the river discharge of the Alps".
1335:. In some heat waves there is a decrease in overall mortality in the weeks after a heat wave. These compensatory reductions in mortality suggest that heat affects people who would have died anyway, and brings their deaths forward.
1025:
at an altitude of 10,000–25,000 feet (3,000–7,600 metres) strengthens and remains over a region for several days and up to several weeks. This is common in summer in both the
Northern and Southern Hemispheres. This is because the
2376:
Researchers have predicted that roughly 10-40% of all land vertebrate species will be affected by heat waves by 2099, depending on the amount of future greenhouse gas emissions. Heatwaves present an additional form of stress and
2694:, one of the worst in US history, led to approximately 739 heat-related deaths over 5 days. In the United States, the loss of human life in hot spells in summer exceeds that caused by all other weather events. These include
2099:
rates go up when temperatures go up. This is particularly the case with violent crimes such as assault, murder and rape. In politically unstable countries, high temperatures can exacerbate factors that lead to civil war.
2685:
Heat waves are the most lethal type of weather phenomenon in the United States. Between 1992 and 2001, deaths from excessive heat in the United States numbered 2,190, compared with 880 deaths from floods and 150 from
1162:. It includes minor conditions such as heat cramps, heat syncope, and heat exhaustion as well as the more severe condition known as heat stroke. It can affect any or all anatomical systems. Heat illnesses include:
944:
defines a heat wave as three or more days of unusual maximum and minimum temperatures. Before this new Pilot
Heatwave Forecast there was no national definition for heat waves or measures of heat wave severity.
6821:
2133:
An investigation to assess the joint mortality effects of ozone and heat during the
European heat waves in 2003 concluded that these appear to be reinforce each other and increase mortality when combined.
2339:
A heat wave occurring during a drought can contribute to bushfires and wildfires. This is because a drought dries out vegetation, so it is more likely to catch fire. During the disastrous heat wave that
1033:
Weather patterns are generally slower to change in summer than in winter. So, this upper level high pressure also moves slowly. Under high pressure, the air sinks toward the surface. It warms and dries
900:
exceeds 25 °C (77 °F). During this period the maximum temperature in De Bilt must exceed 30 °C (86 °F) for at least three days. Belgium also uses this definition of a heat wave with
2413:
A possible public health measure during heat waves is to set up air-conditioned public cooling centres. Adding air conditioning in schools provides a cooler work place. But it can result in additional
2095:. This can affect performance. It may also lead to an increase in violent crime. High temperatures are associated with increased conflict between individuals and at the social level. In every society,
885:). It defines this using the same criteria for a 25 °C (77.0 °F) temperature. Sweden defines a heat wave as at least five days in a row with a daily high exceeding 25 °C (77.0 °F).
1318:
Due to climate change temperatures rose in Europe and heat mortality increased. From 2003–12 to 2013–22 alone, it increased by 17 deaths per 100,000 people, while women are more vulnerable than men.
1086:
the surrounding temperature. If the soil is very dry, then incoming radiation from the sun will warm the air. But there will be little or no cooling effect from moisture evaporating from the soil.
3303:
2322:, thousands of homes and businesses went without power, especially in California. In Los Angeles, electrical transformers failed, leaving thousands without power for as long as five days. The
1308:
and all-cause mortality. Heat-related deaths in people older than 65 years reached a record high of an estimated 345 000 deaths in 2019". More than 70,000 Europeans died as a result of the
2669:. Many government agencies have declared local emergencies and advised safety measures to protect residents from the heat, and some countries have closed schools or shortened their hours.
1118:
Under further warming, heatwaves are set to become more frequent. An event that would occur every ten years would occur every other year if global warming reaches 2 °C (3.6 °F).
2126:
pollution in urban areas worse. This raises heat-related mortality during heat waves. During heat waves in urban areas, ground level ozone pollution can be 20 percent higher than usual.
2425:
1198:
102:
countries. Heat waves have become more frequent, and more intense over land, across almost every area on Earth since the 1950s, the increase in frequency and duration being caused by
6877:
6070:
Smith, Kathryn E.; Burrows, Michael T.; Hobday, Alistair J.; King, Nathan G.; Moore, Pippa J.; Sen Gupta, Alex; Thomsen, Mads S.; Wernberg, Thomas; Smale, Dan A. (16 January 2023).
1209:
include people with low incomes, minority groups, women (in particular pregnant women), children, older adults (over 65 years old), people with chronic diseases, disabilities and
4069:
Mora, Camilo; Counsell, Chelsie W. W.; Bielecki, Coral R.; Louis, Leo V. (November 2017), "Twenty-Seven Ways a Heat Wave Can Kill You: Deadly Heat in the Era of
Climate Change",
2571:- At least 59 heat-related deaths were recorded in Japan, with at least 62 temperature observation posts across Japan breaking temperature records in July 2024. According to the
2494:, resulting in unprecedented high temperatures of up to 38.8 °C (101.8 °F) that have caused school closures and prompted urgent health advisories throughout the region.
2717:
About 6,200 Americans need hospital treatment each summer, according to data from 2008. This is due to excessive heat, and those at highest risk are poor, uninsured or elderly.
6355:
2803:
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
2326:
caused major power disruptions in the city of Melbourne. They left over half a million people without power as the heat wave blew transformers and overloaded a power grid.
2529:
940:
In Adelaide, South Australia, a heat wave is five consecutive days at or above 35 °C (95 °F), or three consecutive days at or over 40 °C (104 °F). The
3394:
1059:
continue to pump hot, humid Gulf air northeastwards. This results in a spell of hot and humid weather for much of the eastern United States and into southeastern Canada.
6911:
2318:
Heat waves often lead to spikes in electricity demand because there is more use of air conditioning. This can create power outages, making the problem worse. During the
2927:
2364:
regions. For example, the record-breaking heat wave that afflicted Pakistan beginning in May 2022 led to glacier melt and moisture flow. These were factors in the
1338:
Social institutions and structures influence the effects of risks. This factor can also help explain the underreporting of heat waves as a health risk. The deadly
6813:
6607:
4228:
3956:
Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
3414:
Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
6684:
5395:
Trainer, Vera L.; Moore, Stephanie K.; Hallegraeff, Gustaaf; Kudela, Raphael M.; Clement, Alejandro; Mardones, Jorge I.; Cochlan, William P. (1 January 2020).
1013:
effect) during those years is excluded, the exposure increased a further 50%. The researchers compiled a comprehensive list of past urban extreme heat events.
877:) as a period of at least 3 consecutive days in which the average maximum temperature across more than half the country exceeds 28 °C (82.4 °F). The
6844:
6659:
3863:
Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Corti, Thierry; Davin, Edouard L.; Hirschi, Martin; Jaeger, Eric B.; Lehner, Irene; Orlowsky, Boris; Teuling, Adriaan J. (1 May 2010).
2613:
A temperature of 52.9°C recorded in Mungeshpur, Delhi, originally thought to be record-breaking, turned out to be roughly 3°C too high due to a faulty sensor.
6041:
2195:
976:
3921:
1289:
2575:(JMA), the average temperatures reached during the heatwaves represented the hottest for Japan in April and July since its record-keeping began in 1898.
2360:
Heat waves can also contribute to flooding. Because hot air is able to carry more moisture, heatwaves may be followed by extreme rainfall especially in
1192:
Prevention includes avoiding medications that can increase the risk of heat illness, gradual adjustment to heat, and sufficient fluids and electrolytes.
6942:
6298:
3314:
6711:
4556:
921:
In the United States, definitions also vary by region. They usually involve a period of at least two or more days of excessively hot weather. In the
3393:. National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) NCEI.NOAA.gov of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). November 2023.
6580:
4516:
Robine, Jean-Marie; Cheung, Siu Lan K; Le Roy, Sophie; Van Oyen, Herman; Griffiths, Clare; Michel, Jean-Pierre; Herrmann, François Richard (2008).
840:
is that a heat wave occurs when the daily maximum temperature of more than five consecutive days exceeds the average maximum temperature by 5
3751:
3364:
6398:
4332:"Ambient heat and acute kidney injury: case-crossover analysis of 1 354 675 automated e-alert episodes linked to high-resolution climate data"
3629:
Tuholske, Cascade; Caylor, Kelly; Funk, Chris; Verdin, Andrew; Sweeney, Stuart; Grace, Kathryn; Peterson, Pete; Evans, Tom (12 October 2021).
2721:
temperatures further north each decade. This might be due to better infrastructure, more modern building design and better public awareness.
2155:
Calculations from 2022 suggest that heat waves will shrink the global economy by about 1 percent decrease by the middle of the 21st century.
7010:
6225:
4330:
Hajat, Shakoor; Casula, Anna; Murage, Peninah; Omoyeni, Daniel; Gray, Tom; Plummer, Zoe; Steenkamp, Retha; Nitsch, Dorothea (1 March 2024).
6869:
3391:"Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean Areas at Record Levels for October from 1951-2023"
833:
as "a period of abnormally hot weather, often defined with reference to a relative temperature threshold, lasting from two days to months."
3769:
2323:
1096:
6788:
6372:
5981:
2657:
In some countries, the high heat has caused excessive energy demand. Drought conditions have worsened across the region. In Indonesia,
719:
6273:
4832:
3170:
964:
826:
4400:
Romanello, Marina; Di Napoli, Claudia; Drummond, Paul; Green, Carole; Kennard, Harry; Lampard, Pete; et al. (5 November 2022).
3787:
2172:
1111:
are twice as likely as they were in 1980. Climate change will lead to more very hot days and fewer very cold days. There are fewer
7482:
6475:
5330:
García-León, David; Casanueva, Ana; Standardi, Gabriele; Burgstall, Annkatrin; Flouris, Andreas D.; Nybo, Lars (4 October 2021).
4227:
Romanello, Marina; McGushin, Alice; Di Napoli, Claudia; Drummond, Paul; Hughes, Nick; Jamart, Louis; et al. (October 2021).
4134:
3240:
3000:
García-León, David; Casanueva, Ana; Standardi, Gabriele; Burgstall, Annkatrin; Flouris, Andreas D.; Nybo, Lars (4 October 2021).
6316:
7777:
3390:
2185:
involved temperatures as high as 40 °C (104 °F). This and a late rain season scorched tea leaves and reduced yields.
997:
Map of increasing heat wave trends (frequency and cumulative intensity) over the midlatitudes and Europe, July–August 1979–2020
6988:
6903:
7756:
7651:
6019:
5436:
4699:
4517:
4440:"Climate Change and the Emergent Epidemic of CKD from Heat Stress in Rural Communities: the Case for Heat Stress Nephropathy"
3339:
2401:
during a heatwave, which disrupts ecosystem functioning. Marine heatwaves have also been correlated with negative impacts on
6341:
7716:
7706:
7701:
7656:
7630:
7625:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7303:
6199:
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3516:
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2289:
can help address oxidative stress and prevent it from leading to other pathological conditions, but only in a limited way.
1030:'follows the sun'. The high pressure area is on the equator side of the jet stream in the upper layers of the atmosphere.
7684:
7671:
7477:
7263:
7176:
3604:
2295:
is also known to be impaired in heat-stressed animals, rendering them more susceptible to various infections. Similarly,
709:
4206:
2083:
in the table above is a measure of how hot it feels when relative humidity is factored with the actual air temperature.
1158:
is a spectrum of disorders due to increased body temperature. It can be caused by either environmental conditions or by
7599:
5920:
766:
714:
4491:
993:
896:
The Netherlands defines a heat wave as a period of at least five consecutive days in which the maximum temperature in
7849:
7313:
7067:
4114:
3698:"A Model Study of Heat Waves over North America: Meteorological Aspects and Projections for the Twenty-First Century"
3285:
3154:
2432:. This advocates for naming heat waves, measuring them, and ranking them to build better awareness of their impacts.
2226:". Livestock mortality rates are already known to be higher during the hottest months of the year, as well as during
1267:(CKD). Prolonged heat exposure, physical exertion, and dehydration are sufficient factors for the development of CKD.
849:
808:
5880:
Sauter, Christoph; Fowler, Hayley J.; Westra, Seth; Ali, Haider; Peleg, Nadav; White, Christopher J. (1 June 2023).
5522:
Bett, B.; Kiunga, P.; Gachohi, J.; Sindato, C.; Mbotha, D.; Robinson, T.; Lindahl, J.; Grace, D. (23 January 2017).
4156:
Lipman, GS; Eifling, KP; Ellis, MA; Gaudio, FG; Otten, EM; Grissom, CK; Wilderness Medical Society (December 2013).
3310:
2740:
2682:
According to a 2022 study, 107 million people in the US will experience extremely dangerous heat in the year 2053.
1103:
Heatwaves over land have become more frequent and more intense in almost all world regions since the 1950s, due to
1035:
696:
6248:"Over 150 monkey deaths now linked to heat wave in Mexico: "There are going to be a lot of casualties" - CBS News"
3079:
Frich, A.; L.V. Alexander; P. Della-Marta; B. Gleason; M. Haylock; A.M.G. Klein Tank; T. Peterson (January 2002).
2210:
Once the body temperature of livestock animals is 3–4 °C (5.4–7.2 °F) above normal, this soon leads to "
3910:
2798:
2520:
878:
6762:
2898:
2873:
7746:
7711:
6449:
5306:"Rising Heat is Making it Harder to Work in the U.S. — the Costs for the Economy Will Soar with Climate Change"
4726:
4287:
Demain, Jeffrey G. (24 March 2018). "Climate Change and the Impact on Respiratory and Allergic Disease: 2018".
2385:
970:
New high temperature records have outpaced new low temperature records on a growing portion of Earth's surface.
130:. They can lead to widespread electricity outages because more air conditioning is used. A heat wave counts as
6530:
5611:
Bagath, M.; Krishnan, G.; Deravaj, C.; Rashamol, V. P.; Pragna, P.; Lees, A. M.; Sejian, V. (21 August 2019).
4582:
7808:
7726:
7696:
7689:
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7666:
7661:
7604:
7525:
7363:
7298:
2624:
2491:
2462:
2319:
594:
6934:
1127:
7787:
7782:
7620:
7441:
7424:
7408:
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3951:
3488:
3409:
2548:
said it transported a higher-than-normal number of bodies to the morgue during the period of 20 to 25 June.
2163:
caused $ 800 million (USD) in export losses for the aquaculture industry as salmon and shellfish died off.
5612:
5523:
7512:
7495:
7446:
7434:
7403:
6071:
6007:
4401:
4158:"Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of heat-related illness"
2975:
2779:
2572:
1316:, Pakistan in June 2015 due to a severe heat wave with temperatures as high as 49 °C (120 °F).
7108:
6965:
1339:
7854:
3938:
3755:
3368:
3065:
1009:
above 30 Celsius tripled between 1983 and 2016, and if the effect of population growth (increasing the
1006:
922:
756:
135:
49:
6247:
5881:
5828:
5396:
3864:
2277:
activities, which can result in an imbalance of oxidant and antioxidant molecules, otherwise known as
7370:
7268:
7237:
6170:
6146:
4658:"Relation between Elevated Ambient Temperature and Mortality: A Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence"
4229:"The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future"
1221:. Exposure to extreme heat poses an acute health hazard for many of the people deemed as vulnerable.
761:
17:
7869:
7751:
7721:
7507:
4860:
2414:
926:
5397:"Pelagic harmful algal blooms and climate change: Lessons from nature's experiments with extremes"
2611:
recorded 50.5 °C (122.9 °F), which was the highest temperature in India in eight years.
7864:
7557:
7550:
7545:
7520:
7500:
7353:
7333:
7293:
7281:
7169:
7018:
6989:"An 'extreme heat belt' will impact over 100 million Americans in the next 30 years, study finds"
5235:
4774:
Huynen, Maud M. T. E; Martens, Pim; Schram, Dieneke; Weijenberg, Matty P; Kunst, Anton E (2001).
3435:"Accelerated western European heatwave trends linked to more-persistent double jets over Eurasia"
2537:
2507:
2231:
1309:
1301:
751:
7109:
Robert E. Davis; Paul C. Knappenberger; Patrick J. Michaels; Wendy M. Novicoff (November 2003).
5045:
Diem, Jeremy E.; Stauber, Christine E.; Rothenberg, Richard (16 May 2017). Añel, Juan A. (ed.).
3081:"Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the twentieth century"
7635:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7429:
5882:"Compound extreme hourly rainfall preconditioned by heatwaves most likely in the mid-latitudes"
5772:
Li, Jinghui; Narayanan, Vinod; Kebreab, Ermias; Dikmen, Sedal; Fadel, James G. (23 July 2021).
4855:
2691:
2470:
2341:
1332:
1264:
1248:
1039:
934:
620:
6736:
5047:"Heat in the southeastern United States: Characteristics, trends, and potential health impact"
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3196:
7540:
7530:
7487:
7393:
7343:
7288:
7276:
7253:
5114:"Long-term Changes in Extreme Air Pollution Meteorology and the Implications for Air Quality"
4662:
2635:
countries have experienced record-breaking temperatures which have left several people dead.
2588:
2499:
2378:
1199:
Effects of climate change on human health § Heat-related health effects for vulnerable people
1135:
941:
801:
615:
373:
297:
5660:"Thermodynamic assessment of heat stress in dairy cattle: lessons from human biometeorology"
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Rousi, Efi; Kornhuber, Kai; Beobide-Arsuaga, Goratz; Luo, Fei; Coumou, Dim (4 July 2022).
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2647:
on 28 April 2024. The heat wave has been attributed to a combination of causes, including
8:
7859:
7844:
7323:
6423:
6087:
5859:
3544:
3416:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3−32,
2932:
2928:"This Summer’s Record-Breaking Heat Waves Would Not Have Happened without Climate Change"
2765:
2485:, and over 48 deaths in Mexico with over 950 people suffering from heat-related ailments.
2160:
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2009 southeastern Australia heat wave, thermal map approximate affected area shown in red
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4742:
4700:"Heat waves are far deadlier than we think. How California neglects this climate threat"
4034:
Lugo-Amador, Nannette M; Rothenhaus, Todd; Moyer, Peter (2004). "Heat-related illness".
3958:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US, pp. 3−32,
3880:
3825:
3808:
Miralles, D. G.; van den Berg, M. J.; Teuling, A. J.; de Jeu, R. A. M. (November 2012).
3791:
3713:
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3450:
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2690:. About 400 deaths a year on average are directly due to heat in the United States. The
2202:
1051:
This enhances the subsidence or sinking of the air and therefore the adiabatic warming.
7398:
7358:
7196:
7162:
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7110:
7040:
6122:"Marine heatwaves threaten global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services"
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3434:
3399:(change "202310" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 10=October)
3042:
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2478:
2477:, leading to dozens of broken temperature records, mass deaths of animals from several
2441:
2402:
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2255:
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One study in 2021 investigated 13,115 cities. It found that extreme heat exposure of a
954:
400:
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285:
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110:
62:
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5456:
5454:
5018:"Does the Environment Still Matter? Daily Temperature and Income in the United States"
4509:
4421:
4348:
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3975:
Clarke, Ben; Otto, Friederike; Stuart-Smith, Rupert; Harrington, Luke (28 June 2022).
2234:, for instance, thousands of pigs, poultry, and rabbits died in the French regions of
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4776:"The Impact of Heat Waves and Cold Spells on Mortality Rates in the Dutch Population"
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630:
6200:"Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance: Reducing Extreme Heat Risk for Vulnerable People"
6121:
5580:
5563:
5539:
5524:"Effects of climate change on the occurrence and distribution of livestock diseases"
5002:
4885:
4083:
3888:
3849:
3581:
2603:, which typically lasts from March to July with peak temperatures in April and May.
1296:
Health experts warn that "exposure to extreme heat increases the risk of death from
7818:
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7122:
6870:"Delhi weather station that recorded 52.9°C had '3°C sensor error': Union Minister"
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3605:"Exposure to extreme urban heat has tripled worldwide since the 1980s, study finds"
3577:
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3417:
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69:
traps heat near the ground, forming a heat wave (for North America in this example)
66:
3865:"Investigating soil moisture–climate interactions in a changing climate: A review"
3737:
3517:"Top ten European heatwaves since 1950 and their occurrence in the coming decades"
2177:
Heat waves are a big threat to agricultural production. In 2019 heat waves in the
1255:. Adverse pregnancy outcomes due to high ambient temperatures include for example
779:
7823:
7221:
7216:
7211:
6904:"Searing heat is back across Southeast Asia and it's not going away anytime soon"
6845:"Delhi's record 52.9C temperature reading was wrong by three degrees, India says"
6633:
6555:
6501:
6356:
Inside an oven': sweltering heat ravages crops and takes lives in south-east Asia
6299:"Experts warn of hail, whirlwinds in Mexico after new heat record in the capital"
6226:"The world's getting hotter. Can naming heat waves raise awareness of the risks?"
5071:
4981:
Hsiang, Solomon; Burke, Marshall; Miguel, Edward (2015). "Climate and Conflict".
2558:
2541:
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476:
179:
131:
99:
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3289:
2825:"More Intense, More Frequent, and Longer Lasting Heat Waves in the 21st Century"
7803:
7201:
6897:
6895:
5959:
5897:
5717:"Environmental parameters to assessing of heat stress in dairy cattle—a review"
5683:
5628:
5515:
5355:
5252:
4624:
4533:
4492:"The world's torrid future is etched in the crippled kidneys of Nepali workers"
3993:
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2632:
2608:
1210:
1183:
1104:
784:
691:
525:
103:
6814:"Rajasthan's Churu records 50.5 degree celsius, becomes hottest city in India"
6137:
5850:
Bell, M.; A. Giannini; E. Grover; M. Hopp; B. Lyon; A. Seth (September 2003).
5740:
5413:
5194:
4300:
4174:
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4047:
3963:
3722:
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3421:
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5967:
5905:
5813:
5490:
5422:
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5145:
5080:
4950:"Thermal stress in the U.S.A.: effects on violence and on employee behaviour"
4926:
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4198:
4012:
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3841:
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3033:
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930:
859:
is: "A period of abnormally and uncomfortably hot and usually humid weather."
647:
601:
547:
496:
383:
85:, is a period of abnormally hot weather. Definitions vary but are similar. A
7096:
6892:
4900:
4676:
4657:
4609:"How climate change is hitting Europe: three graphics reveal health impacts"
4406:
Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels"
4280:
3655:
2849:
2824:
7813:
7761:
7144:
6966:"50 Million Americans Are Currently Living Under Some Type of Heat Warning"
5758:
5701:
5636:
5589:
5547:
5508:
5381:
5261:
5220:
5163:
5098:
4877:
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2636:
2418:
1232:
1206:
1171:
1155:
1148:
1063:
537:
461:
292:
134:. It poses danger to human health, because heat and sunlight overwhelm the
119:
6581:"At least 1,300 hajj pilgrims died during extreme heat, Saudi Arabia says"
5613:"The impact of heat stress on the immune system in dairy cattle: A review"
4751:
3173:(in Danish). Danish Meteorological Institute. 22 July 2008. Archived from
2532:
to temporarily stop distribution of electricity to portions of the nation.
1331:
Part of the mortality during a heat wave may be due to short-term forward
1276:
1223:
Climate change increases the frequency and severity of heatwaves and thus
1042:
and prevents the formation of clouds. A reduction of clouds increases the
6789:"In pictures: India records 'longest' heatwave, Delhi faces water crisis"
6373:"In pictures: India records 'longest' heatwave, Delhi faces water crisis"
6096:
6042:"Extreme heat triggers mass die-offs and stress for wildlife in the West"
5564:"Potential use of chromium to combat thermal stress in animals: A review"
4455:
4256:
3833:
3810:"Soil moisture-temperature coupling: A multiscale observational analysis"
2805:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, pp. 2897–2930,
2644:
2296:
2282:
2271:
2270:
its fat stores to sustain itself. Heat stress also causes an increase in
2219:
2211:
1228:
1224:
1179:
1163:
1131:
1054:
In the eastern regions of the United States a heat wave can occur when a
848:), the normal period being 1961–1990. The same definition is used by the
686:
574:
569:
532:
481:
412:
358:
314:
302:
251:
38:
6763:"Climate change, El Nino factor into Japan's warmest April in 130 years"
6476:"Hundreds of Hajj pilgrims die as Mecca temperatures hit 120 Fahrenheit"
5482:
5332:"Current and projected regional economic impacts of heatwaves in Europe"
3002:"Current and projected regional economic impacts of heatwaves in Europe"
6935:"Large swathes of Asia sweltering through record breaking temperatures"
4799:
3977:"Extreme weather impacts of climate change: an attribution perspective"
3809:
2949:
2600:
2267:
2080:
1356:
1213:. Other people at risk include those in urban environments (due to the
1175:
1027:
909:
845:
681:
664:
606:
554:
417:
353:
348:
341:
268:
263:
221:
209:
98:
often occurs during heat waves as well. This is especially the case in
45:
31:
5982:"Physiological Optima and Critical Limits | Learn Science at Scitable"
5329:
5137:
4917:
3955:
3413:
2999:
2802:
2652:
2196:
Effects of climate change on livestock § Health impacts of heat stress
2147:
7126:
5942:
Murali, Gopal; Iwamura, Takuya; Meiri, Shai; Roll, Uri (March 2023).
5829:"Heat Eases, but Thousands of Southern Californians Still Lack Power"
4966:
4949:
4833:"The 2003 Heat Wave in France: Dangerous Climate Change Here and Now"
3108:
2730:
2707:
2699:
2695:
2604:
1244:
1112:
671:
466:
456:
368:
336:
319:
280:
258:
214:
6524:
6522:
6343:
Wave of exceptionally hot weather scorches south and south-east Asia
6240:
5919:
Clarke, Ben; Otto, Friederike; Harrington, Luke (2 September 2022).
4791:
2381:
for species that already deal with habitat loss and climate change.
1141:
1107:. Heat waves are more likely to occur simultaneously with droughts.
6634:"Pakistan: More than 500 die in six days as heatwave grips country"
5715:
Herbut, Piotr; Angrecka, Sabina; Walczak, Jacek (27 October 2018).
5030:
5017:
3944:
3931:
2482:
2286:
2251:
2235:
2227:
1346:
1159:
1075:
471:
123:
95:
5560:
4226:
3920:. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2021. pp. 8–10.
2665:, the heat wave exacerbated the humanitarian crisis caused by the
1290:
Effects of climate change on human health § Heat-related mortality
6926:
6712:"Heat Sears Paris and London While Wildfires Hit Southern Europe"
6519:
6274:"Photos: Submerged homes and heatwaves fuel Mexico climate angst"
4557:"Heat Wave Death Toll Rises to 2,000 in Pakistan's Financial Hub"
3807:
2916:. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2021. pp. 8–10.
2711:
2662:
2562:
2545:
2259:
2178:
1313:
897:
841:
637:
515:
503:
451:
434:
405:
363:
326:
273:
202:
158:
127:
91:
6608:"Kuwait Forced to Cut Power to Some Areas as Heat Raises Demand"
6474:
Kent, Lauren; Faraj, Caroline; Atay Alam, Hande (19 June 2024).
6399:"India heatwave kills at least 33, including election officials"
4518:"Death toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003"
3974:
3558:
3432:
7083:
5849:
4399:
2658:
2525:
2466:
2274:
2263:
2182:
2091:
Excessive heat causes psychological stress as well as physical
1187:
1097:
Effects of climate change § Heat waves and temperature extremes
986:
events (for increasing degrees of global warming) are expected.
439:
427:
422:
189:
184:
174:
167:
1247:. Furthermore, it may cause the deterioration of pre-existing
7154:
5610:
5394:
5179:"The Interplay of Climate Change and Air Pollution on Health"
4773:
2703:
2596:
2516:
2123:
2096:
1236:
902:
889:
642:
579:
241:
234:
44:"Heat waves" redirects here. For the Glass Animals song, see
6660:"Karachi Sees a Surge in Deaths as Heat Wave Sears Pakistan"
6317:"Photos: Southeast Asia swelters in record-setting heatwave"
3862:
57:
7087:
By Eric Klinenberg. Slate.com. Posted Tuesday, 30 July 2002
7084:
Dead Heat: Why don't Americans sweat over heat-wave deaths?
7041:
Near-Fatal Heat Stroke during the 1995 Heat Wave in Chicago
2899:
10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<0762:OTDOAH>2.0.CO;2
2349:
1352:
659:
559:
542:
520:
446:
6685:"After rainy start, heatwave announced for Paris Olympics"
6118:
4515:
4033:
2254:
rates, and the combination of these responses can lead to
4727:"Estimation of Excess Deaths during Hot Summers in Japan"
4068:
3790:. City of Cape Town, South Africa Website. Archived from
2595:
Since May 2024, a severe and long heat wave has impacted
2408:
2086:
1066:
Province of South Africa, a heat wave can occur when the
654:
5771:
5521:
4901:"Can Japan really reach "zero deaths" from heat stroke?"
4830:
4329:
4155:
4109:(6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 1186.
3628:
3515:
Russo, Simone; Sillmann, Jana; Fischer, Erich M (2015).
6754:
6729:
6556:"At least 1,301 people died during Hajj - Saudi Arabia"
6450:"Deadly Toll in Greece as Heat Waves Sweep the Country"
5944:"Future temperature extremes threaten land vertebrates"
5826:
5467:"Impact of climate change on animal health and welfare"
4831:
Poumadère, M.; Mays, C.; Le Mer, S.; Blong, R. (2005).
4380:"Hot weather increases the risk of acute kidney injury"
3138:
2521:
resulted in the deaths of pilgrims in the city for Hajj
2435:
2424:
Policymakers, funders and researchers have created the
1227:
for people. Human responses to heat stress can include
982:
Large increases in both the frequency and intensity of
7111:"Changing heat-related mortality in the United States"
6291:
6069:
5941:
5437:"Malawi heatwaves threaten tea yields and livelihoods"
4444:
Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
3754:. Pasquotank County, NC, U. S. Website. Archived from
2540:- In June 2024, Pakistan experienced a heat wave. The
6531:"A Deadly Toll as an Intense Heat Grips Saudi Arabia"
6266:
5921:"Pakistan floods: what role did climate change play?"
5879:
5774:"A mechanistic thermal balance model of dairy cattle"
5714:
5044:
5016:
Solomon, Hsiang; Tatyana, Deryugina (December 2014).
4655:
6987:
Miller, Brandon; Waldrop, Theresa (16 August 2022).
5918:
4651:
4649:
4149:
3514:
2906:
6006:Cullum, A. J. (1 January 2008), Fath, Brian (ed.),
4947:
3803:
3801:
2530:
Ministry of Electricity, Water and Renewable Energy
7060:Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago
6473:
3631:"Global urban population exposure to extreme heat"
2528:, where heightened demand caused officials at the
2368:that began in June and claimed over 1,100 lives.
5658:Foroushani, Sepehr; Amon, Thomas (11 July 2022).
4980:
4646:
2481:, water shortages requiring rationing, increased
1280:The National Weather Service risk categories for
1142:Heat-related health effects for vulnerable humans
7836:
5827:Doan, Lynn; Covarrubias, Amanda (27 July 2006).
3798:
2107:
1347:Heat index for temperature and relative humidity
937:when it expects unusual periods of hot weather.
7097:Most People Struck Down by Summer Heat Are Poor
6502:"At least 14 Hajj pilgrims die in intense heat"
6424:"India's heat wave longest ever, worse to come"
6171:"A City Prepares for a Warm Long-Term Forecast"
5176:
4941:
4724:
4199:"Summer Heat Can Be Deadly for Outdoor Workers"
4190:
4123:
4107:Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide
4098:
3918:Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis
3635:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3286:"Half the country wilts under unrelenting heat"
3265:. NOAA's National Weather Service. 25 June 2009
2914:Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis
2166:
1322:
1263:.Heat waves have also resulted in epidemics of
1217:), outdoor workers and people who take certain
5657:
5015:
4555:Haider, Kamran; Anis, Khurrum (24 June 2015).
37:For the disease that is produced by heat, see
7170:
6986:
6737:"Japan sees hottest July since records began"
6710:Farhat, Eamon; Tugwell, Paul (29 July 2024).
6709:
3489:"Why Europe Is Becoming a Heat Wave Hot Spot"
2973:
2329:
1235:. Extreme heat is also linked to low quality
821:There are several definitions of heat waves:
802:
7011:"Hot Weather Tips and the Chicago Heat Plan"
6933:Ward, Taylor; Regan, Helen (19 April 2023).
4948:Simister, John; Cary Cooper (October 2004).
4767:
4583:"Heatstroke leaves another 26 dead in Sindh"
3383:
2952:. US Department of Commerce NOAA weather.gov
2490:Since April 2024 Southeast Asia has faced a
2266:bodies, caused by the animal's body rapidly
2206:Impacts of heat stress on livestock animals.
7051:
6447:
5403:. Climate change and harmful algal blooms.
5233:
5177:Orru, H.; Ebi, K. L.; Forsberg, B. (2017).
4731:Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere
4036:Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
3340:"Extreme Heat Services for South Australia"
2816:
2599:. The heat wave occurred during the Indian
2446:
2324:early 2009 southeastern Australia heat wave
2142:
2122:High temperatures also make the effects of
2118:Ozone § Low level ozone in urban areas
881:also has a definition for a "warmth wave" (
27:Prolonged period of excessively hot weather
7177:
7163:
7057:
4554:
4196:
4104:
2679:than any low temperature measured before.
2557:, host city Paris, along with portions of
1122:
905:as a reference point. So does Luxembourg.
809:
795:
7134:
6932:
6605:
6147:2160/3a9b534b-03ab-4619-9637-2ab06054fe70
6145:
6095:
5797:
5748:
5691:
5579:
5498:
5412:
5371:
5251:
5210:
5153:
5088:
5070:
5029:
4965:
4916:
4859:
4807:
4750:
4675:
4463:
4347:
4255:
4173:
4082:
4002:
3992:
3721:
3672:
3654:
3543:
3468:
3458:
3107:
3041:
2976:"Deadly heatwaves threaten economies too"
2897:
2848:
2304:
863:
6528:
6072:"Biological Impacts of Marine Heatwaves"
6012:Encyclopedia of Ecology (Second Edition)
5464:
4725:Fujibe, Fumiaki; Matsumoto, Jun (2021).
3486:
3342:. Bureau of Meteorology. 15 January 2010
3197:"Värmebölja Klimat: Kunskapsbanken SMHI"
3144:
2871:
2201:
2173:Effects of climate change on agriculture
2146:
1275:
1126:
1002:affected areas in the last two decades.
992:
890:Hellenic National Meteorological Service
56:
6842:
6657:
6168:
6162:
5721:International Journal of Biometeorology
5664:International Journal of Biometeorology
5281:
4995:10.1146/annurev-economics-080614-115430
4619:(8018). Lancet Public Health: 800–801.
4580:
4162:Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
3695:
3367:. Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from
2371:
2137:
14:
7837:
7076:
6760:
6631:
6499:
6065:
6063:
6014:, Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 640–646,
6005:
4656:Basu, Rupa; Jonathan M. Samet (2002).
4437:
4286:
4197:Jacklitsch, Brenda L. (29 June 2011).
3397:from the original on 16 November 2023.
2639:peaked at 53 °C (127 °F) in
2409:Options for reducing impacts on humans
2087:Psychological and sociological effects
1312:. Also more than 2,000 people died in
873:Denmark defines a national heat wave (
7158:
6786:
6370:
5111:
4209:from the original on 4 December 2012.
3927:from the original on 4 November 2021.
3359:
3357:
2995:
2993:
2822:
2793:
2791:
2789:
6901:
6587:. Agence France-Presse. 23 June 2024
6529:Vinograd, Cassandra (19 June 2024).
6396:
6088:10.1146/annurev-marine-032122-121437
5183:Current Environmental Health Reports
5112:Hou, Pei; Wu, Shiliang (July 2016).
4606:
4489:
2969:
2967:
2944:
2942:
2436:Recent examples by country or region
1134:treatment at Baton Rouge during the
7099:Newswise, Retrieved on 9 July 2008.
6060:
5799:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2021.06.009
5465:Lacetera, Nicola (3 January 2019).
4071:Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes
3149:. American Meteorological Society.
2782:. gcunoxfohoarnersdictionaries.com.
2348:have irrigation systems to back up
24:
6963:
6448:Kitsantonis, Niki (16 June 2024).
4899:Ro, Christine (1 September 2022).
4898:
4289:Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
4203:NIOSH: Workplace Safety and Health
3602:
3354:
3283:
3116:
2990:
2874:"On the Definition of a Heat Wave"
2786:
2515:In mid-June, high temperatures in
122:. They have increased the risk of
25:
7881:
7115:Environmental Health Perspectives
6880:from the original on 30 June 2024
6824:from the original on 29 June 2024
6787:Jacob, Charmaine (14 June 2024).
6632:Davies, Caroline (26 June 2024).
6606:MacDonald, Fiona (19 June 2024).
6371:Jacob, Charmaine (14 June 2024).
4780:Environmental Health Perspectives
3171:"Danmark får varme- og hedebølge"
2964:
2939:
2617:
2310:dangerous to traverse by trains.
2188:
1205:Vulnerable people with regard to
1089:
850:World Meteorological Organization
7102:
7090:
7033:
7003:
6980:
6957:
6945:from the original on 6 July 2023
6914:from the original on 26 May 2024
6862:
6836:
6806:
6780:
6703:
6677:
6658:Dilawar, Ismail (27 June 2024).
6651:
6625:
6599:
6573:
6548:
6493:
6467:
6441:
6416:
6390:
6364:
6348:
6334:
6309:
5568:Science of the Total Environment
4870:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2005.00694.x
4137:from the original on 4 July 2014
3772:. 1stweather.com. Archived from
3562:Science of the Total Environment
3487:Fountain, Henry (18 July 2022).
3365:"Australia Weather and Warnings"
3311:Pacific Gas and Electric Company
2741:List of severe weather phenomena
2673:
2623:This section is an excerpt from
2587:This section is an excerpt from
2519:, characterized as a heat wave,
2452:This section is an excerpt from
2426:Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance
2313:
2194:This section is an excerpt from
2114:Ozone § Ozone air pollution
1288:This section is an excerpt from
1197:This section is an excerpt from
1147:This section is an excerpt from
1095:This section is an excerpt from
975:
963:
942:Australian Bureau of Meteorology
916:
778:
6902:Chen, Heather (10 April 2024).
6843:Kaushik, Krishn (2 June 2024).
6500:Pelham, Lipika (16 June 2024).
6340:theguardian.com 26 April 2024:
6218:
6192:
6169:Kaufman, Leslie (23 May 2011).
6112:
6076:Annual Review of Marine Science
6034:
5999:
5974:
5935:
5912:
5873:
5843:
5820:
5806:
5765:
5708:
5651:
5604:
5581:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135996
5554:
5540:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.11.019
5429:
5388:
5323:
5298:
5275:
5227:
5170:
5105:
5038:
5009:
4974:
4892:
4824:
4718:
4692:
4600:
4581:Mansoor, Hasan (30 June 2015).
4372:
4323:
4084:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.004233
4062:
4027:
3981:Environmental Research: Climate
3968:
3889:10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.02.004
3856:
3780:
3762:
3744:
3730:
3689:
3622:
3596:
3582:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.008
3552:
3508:
3426:
3402:
3332:
3313:. 24 March 2017. Archived from
3296:
3277:
3255:
3233:
3211:
3189:
3163:
3072:
3058:
2262:, or the rapid accumulation of
948:
879:Danish Meteorological Institute
7747:Australian flying fox die-offs
7184:
6397:Dash, Jatindra (31 May 2024).
5617:Research in Veterinary Science
5528:Preventive Veterinary Medicine
5282:Benedek, Réfi (12 July 2022).
5236:"The 2003 European heat waves"
4490:Shih, Gerry (6 January 2023).
3740:. US National Weather Service.
3696:Lau, N; Nath, Mary Jo (2012).
3545:10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124003
3524:Environmental Research Letters
2920:
2878:Journal of Applied Meteorology
2865:
2780:"Heatwave – noun – Definition"
2772:
2766:"Heatwave – noun – Definition"
2758:
141:
13:
1:
7809:Heat waves and climate change
6202:. wcr.ethz.ch. Archived from
4422:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01540-9
4349:10.1016/s2542-5196(24)00008-1
4248:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01787-6
3788:"Natural Hazards - Heat Wave"
3288:. Yahoo! News. Archived from
2751:
2625:2024 Southeast Asia heat wave
2320:2006 North American heat wave
2108:Surface ozone (air pollution)
7062:. Chicago University Press.
6761:Kaneko, Karin (2 May 2024).
6354:theguardian.com 4 May 2024:
5886:Weather and Climate Extremes
5072:10.1371/journal.pone.0177937
5022:NBER Working Paper No. 20750
4438:Glaser; et al. (2016).
3814:Geophysical Research Letters
3221:. Met Office. 31 August 2011
2950:"NWS JetStream - Heat Index"
2389:temperatures in the future.
2334:
2281:. Feed supplementation with
2167:Reduced agricultural outputs
1323:Underreporting of fatalities
1271:
94:pattern for that area. High
7:
7046:Annals of Internal Medicine
4336:The Lancet Planetary Health
4131:"Heat Illness: MedlinePlus"
4105:Tintinalli, Judith (2004).
2974:Bottollier-Depois, Amélie.
2724:
2573:Japan Meteorological Agency
908:In the United Kingdom, the
706:Severe weather terminology
168:Temperate and polar seasons
10:
7886:
7762:2012–2013 ("Angry Summer")
5960:10.1038/s41586-022-05606-z
5898:10.1016/j.wace.2023.100563
5684:10.1007/s00484-022-02321-2
5629:10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.08.011
5356:10.1038/s41467-021-26050-z
5253:10.2807/esm.10.07.00552-en
4983:Annual Review of Economics
4625:10.1038/d41586-024-02006-3
4534:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.12.001
3911:"Summary for Policymakers"
3460:10.1038/s41467-022-31432-y
3145:Glickman, Todd S. (2000).
3026:10.1038/s41467-021-26050-z
2872:Robinson, Peter J (2001).
2631:Since April 2024, several
2622:
2586:
2451:
2439:
2330:Impacts on the environment
2193:
2170:
2111:
1355:national weather service:
1287:
1196:
1146:
1094:
1007:wet bulb globe temperature
952:
836:A definition based on the
136:thermoregulation in humans
50:Heat wave (disambiguation)
43:
36:
29:
7796:
7770:
7739:
7644:
7613:
7577:
7570:
7455:
7417:
7386:
7379:
7371:List of Indian heat waves
7314:2022 (India and Pakistan)
7304:2019 (India and Pakistan)
7246:
7230:
7192:
7058:Klinenberg, Eric (2002).
6138:10.1038/s41558-019-0412-1
5816:. BBC News. 15 July 2013.
5741:10.1007/s00484-018-1629-9
5414:10.1016/j.hal.2019.03.009
5234:Kosatsky T. (July 2005).
5195:10.1007/s40572-017-0168-6
4301:10.1007/s11882-018-0777-7
4175:10.1016/j.wem.2013.07.004
4048:10.1016/j.emc.2004.01.004
3964:10.1017/9781009157896.001
3723:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00575.1
3422:10.1017/9781009157896.001
3243:. Met Office. 26 May 2023
3126:. Encyclopedia Britannica
2811:10.1017/9781009325844.029
2661:infections increased. In
2565:, experienced a heatwave.
2454:List of heat waves § 2024
2392:
2355:
1993:
1950:
1906:
1861:
1816:
1770:
1723:
1675:
1626:
1576:
1525:
1473:
1469:136 °F (58 °C)
1420:
1416:110 °F (43 °C)
1415:
1413:108 °F (42 °C)
1412:
1410:106 °F (41 °C)
1409:
1407:104 °F (40 °C)
1406:
1404:102 °F (39 °C)
1403:
1401:100 °F (38 °C)
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1074:inland combine to form a
1016:
868:
81:, sometimes described as
7850:Meteorological phenomena
5814:"When does tarmac melt?"
4522:Comptes Rendus Biologies
4402:"The 2022 report of the
3994:10.1088/2752-5295/ac6e7d
3952:Summary for Policymakers
3939:Summary for Policymakers
3410:Summary for Policymakers
2581:
2447:Around the world in 2024
2415:greenhouse gas emissions
2405:such as coral and kelp.
2214:, heat exhaustion, heat
2143:Reduced economic outputs
2012:132 °F (56 °C)
2009:121 °F (49 °C)
2006:112 °F (44 °C)
2003:103 °F (39 °C)
1969:127 °F (53 °C)
1966:117 °F (47 °C)
1963:108 °F (42 °C)
1960:100 °F (38 °C)
1928:131 °F (55 °C)
1925:122 °F (50 °C)
1922:113 °F (45 °C)
1919:105 °F (41 °C)
1886:135 °F (57 °C)
1883:126 °F (52 °C)
1880:117 °F (47 °C)
1877:110 °F (43 °C)
1874:102 °F (39 °C)
1841:129 °F (54 °C)
1838:121 °F (49 °C)
1835:113 °F (45 °C)
1832:106 °F (41 °C)
1829:100 °F (38 °C)
1798:132 °F (56 °C)
1795:124 °F (51 °C)
1792:116 °F (47 °C)
1789:109 °F (43 °C)
1786:103 °F (39 °C)
1754:134 °F (57 °C)
1751:126 °F (52 °C)
1748:119 °F (48 °C)
1745:112 °F (44 °C)
1742:105 °F (41 °C)
1739:100 °F (38 °C)
1709:136 °F (58 °C)
1706:128 °F (53 °C)
1703:121 °F (49 °C)
1700:114 °F (46 °C)
1697:108 °F (42 °C)
1694:103 °F (39 °C)
1663:137 °F (58 °C)
1660:129 °F (54 °C)
1657:123 °F (51 °C)
1654:116 °F (47 °C)
1651:110 °F (43 °C)
1648:105 °F (41 °C)
1645:100 °F (38 °C)
1616:137 °F (58 °C)
1613:130 °F (54 °C)
1610:124 °F (51 °C)
1607:117 °F (47 °C)
1604:112 °F (44 °C)
1601:106 °F (41 °C)
1598:101 °F (38 °C)
1568:137 °F (58 °C)
1565:131 °F (55 °C)
1562:124 °F (51 °C)
1559:118 °F (48 °C)
1556:113 °F (45 °C)
1553:108 °F (42 °C)
1550:103 °F (39 °C)
1519:137 °F (58 °C)
1516:130 °F (54 °C)
1513:124 °F (51 °C)
1510:119 °F (48 °C)
1507:114 °F (46 °C)
1504:109 °F (43 °C)
1501:104 °F (40 °C)
1498:100 °F (38 °C)
1466:130 °F (54 °C)
1463:124 °F (51 °C)
1460:119 °F (48 °C)
1457:114 °F (46 °C)
1454:109 °F (43 °C)
1451:105 °F (41 °C)
1448:101 °F (38 °C)
1398:98 °F (37 °C)
1395:96 °F (36 °C)
1392:94 °F (34 °C)
1389:92 °F (33 °C)
1386:90 °F (32 °C)
1383:88 °F (31 °C)
1380:86 °F (30 °C)
1377:84 °F (29 °C)
1374:82 °F (28 °C)
1371:80 °F (27 °C)
1215:urban heat island effect
1046:reaching the surface. A
927:National Weather Service
838:Heat Wave Duration Index
30:Not to be confused with
5439:. Future Climate Africa
5284:"The cost of heatwaves"
3656:10.1073/pnas.2024792118
3309:. Oakland, California:
3304:"Staying Cool and Safe"
3147:Glossary of Meteorology
3124:"Heat wave meteorology"
2850:10.1126/science.1098704
2538:2024 Pakistan heat wave
2508:2024 European heatwaves
2384:Species have a thermal
2232:2003 European heat wave
2000:95 °F (35 °C)
1997:87 °F (31 °C)
1957:93 °F (34 °C)
1954:86 °F (30 °C)
1916:98 °F (37 °C)
1913:91 °F (33 °C)
1910:86 °F (30 °C)
1871:96 °F (36 °C)
1868:90 °F (32 °C)
1865:85 °F (29 °C)
1826:94 °F (34 °C)
1823:89 °F (32 °C)
1820:84 °F (29 °C)
1783:97 °F (36 °C)
1780:92 °F (33 °C)
1777:88 °F (31 °C)
1774:84 °F (29 °C)
1736:95 °F (35 °C)
1733:90 °F (32 °C)
1730:86 °F (30 °C)
1727:83 °F (28 °C)
1691:98 °F (37 °C)
1688:93 °F (34 °C)
1685:89 °F (32 °C)
1682:85 °F (29 °C)
1679:82 °F (28 °C)
1642:95 °F (35 °C)
1639:91 °F (33 °C)
1636:88 °F (31 °C)
1633:84 °F (29 °C)
1630:82 °F (28 °C)
1595:97 °F (36 °C)
1592:93 °F (34 °C)
1589:89 °F (32 °C)
1586:86 °F (30 °C)
1583:84 °F (29 °C)
1580:81 °F (27 °C)
1547:99 °F (37 °C)
1544:95 °F (35 °C)
1541:91 °F (33 °C)
1538:88 °F (31 °C)
1535:85 °F (29 °C)
1532:83 °F (28 °C)
1529:81 °F (27 °C)
1495:96 °F (36 °C)
1492:93 °F (34 °C)
1489:89 °F (32 °C)
1486:87 °F (31 °C)
1483:84 °F (29 °C)
1480:82 °F (28 °C)
1477:80 °F (27 °C)
1445:97 °F (36 °C)
1442:94 °F (34 °C)
1439:91 °F (33 °C)
1436:88 °F (31 °C)
1433:85 °F (29 °C)
1430:83 °F (28 °C)
1427:81 °F (27 °C)
1424:80 °F (27 °C)
1310:2003 European heat wave
1243:and complications with
1123:Impacts on human health
1021:Heat waves form when a
935:excessive heat warnings
857:Glossary of Meteorology
109:Heat waves form when a
6173:. The New York Times.
5778:Biosystems Engineering
4607:Wong, Carissa (2024).
4205:. Medscape and NIOSH.
3066:"Heat Waves Explained"
2797:IPCC, 2022: Annex II:
2692:1995 Chicago heat wave
2471:Southern United States
2305:Infrastructural damage
2207:
2152:
1333:mortality displacement
1306:respiratory conditions
1284:
1265:chronic kidney disease
1138:
998:
864:Definitions by country
855:A definition from the
767:Tropical cyclone terms
70:
48:. For other uses, see
7513:2021 (UK and Ireland)
7299:2018 (Northeast Asia)
6126:Nature Climate Change
5336:Nature Communications
4752:10.2151/sola.2021-038
4677:10.1093/epirev/mxf007
4663:Epidemiologic Reviews
3869:Earth-Science Reviews
3439:Nature Communications
3241:"What is a heatwave?"
3199:(in Swedish). Smhi.se
3006:Nature Communications
2589:2024 Indian heat wave
2500:2024 Indian heat wave
2379:evolutionary pressure
2342:struck Europe in 2003
2205:
2150:
2112:Further information:
2057: Extreme caution
1279:
1136:2016 Louisiana floods
1130:
996:
374:Extratropical cyclone
298:Air-mass thunderstorm
60:
6228:. The World from PRX
4456:10.2215/CJN.13841215
4416:(10363): 1619–1654.
4242:(10311): 1619–1662.
3834:10.1029/2012gl053703
2823:Meehl, G. A (2004).
2569:2024 Japan heatwaves
2555:2024 Summer Olympics
2428:coalition under the
2372:Wild animals on land
2246:time, they increase
2138:Impacts on societies
2075: Extreme danger
1056:high pressure system
734:Weather modification
332:Anticyclonic tornado
63:high pressure system
7757:2008–2009 (SE Aus.)
5860:The Earth Institute
5831:. Los Angeles Times
5790:2021BiSyE.209..256L
5733:2018IJBm...62.2089H
5676:2022IJBm...66.1811F
5348:2021NatCo..12.5807G
5130:2016NatSR...623792H
5063:2017PLoSO..1277937D
4852:2005RiskA..25.1483P
4743:2021SOLA...17..220F
4496:The Washington Post
4042:(2): 315–27, viii.
3881:2010ESRv...99..125S
3826:2012GeoRL..3921707M
3714:2012JCli...25.4761L
3647:2021PNAS..11824792T
3641:(41): e2024792118.
3574:2016ScTEn.571.1330Z
3536:2015ERL....10l4003R
3451:2022NatCo..13.3851R
3219:"Heat-health watch"
3100:2002ClRes..19..193F
3018:2021NatCo..12.5807G
2933:Scientific American
2890:2001JApMe..40..762R
2841:2004Sci...305..994M
2524:heat also impacted
2256:metabolic disorders
2161:harmful algal bloom
1359:
1253:respiratory disease
1241:acute kidney injury
1044:shortwave radiation
729:Weather forecasting
565:Rain and snow mixed
391:Subtropical cyclone
7652:2000 (Southern US)
6535:The New York Times
6454:The New York Times
5923:. The Conversation
5856:IRI Climate Digest
5118:Scientific Reports
3702:Journal of Climate
3493:The New York Times
3371:on 16 October 2015
2926:Thompson, Andrea,
2768:. Merriam-Webster.
2736:List of heat waves
2479:threatened species
2461:Since March 2024,
2442:List of heat waves
2403:foundation species
2386:range of tolerance
2366:devastating floods
2258:. One examples is
2208:
2153:
1351:
1285:
1219:prescription drugs
1139:
1072:high-pressure area
1023:high pressure area
999:
955:List of heat waves
785:Weather portal
401:Atlantic hurricane
379:European windstorm
286:Volcanic lightning
247:Cumulonimbus cloud
111:high-pressure area
71:
7855:Natural disasters
7832:
7831:
7735:
7734:
7702:2020-2023 drought
7631:1988–1990 drought
7626:1983-1985 drought
7566:
7565:
7121:(14): 1712–1718.
6206:on 21 August 2020
6021:978-0-444-64130-4
6008:"Tolerance Range"
5954:(7952): 461–467.
5852:"Climate Impacts"
5727:(12): 2089–2097.
5534:(Pt B): 119–129.
5483:10.1093/af/vfy030
5138:10.1038/srep23792
4954:Stress and Health
4918:10.1136/bmj.o2107
4704:Los Angeles Times
4386:. 13 August 2024.
3776:on 15 April 2012.
3758:on 18 March 2012.
3708:(14): 4761–4784.
3284:Singer, Stephen.
2835:(5686): 994–997.
2746:Urban heat island
2688:tropical cyclones
2667:ongoing civil war
2463:severe heat waves
2224:organ dysfunction
2222:, and ultimately
2036:
2035:
1367:Relative humidity
1364:Temperature
1070:offshore and the
1068:low-pressure area
1011:urban heat island
819:
818:
16:(Redirected from
7877:
7819:List of droughts
7778:2009 (Argentina)
7722:2023 (Caribbean)
7575:
7574:
7384:
7383:
7179:
7172:
7165:
7156:
7155:
7149:
7148:
7138:
7127:10.1289/ehp.6336
7106:
7100:
7094:
7088:
7080:
7074:
7073:
7055:
7049:
7048:Vol. 129 Issue 3
7037:
7031:
7030:
7028:
7026:
7017:. Archived from
7007:
7001:
7000:
6998:
6996:
6984:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6973:
6964:Rosane, Olivia.
6961:
6955:
6954:
6952:
6950:
6930:
6924:
6923:
6921:
6919:
6899:
6890:
6889:
6887:
6885:
6866:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6855:
6840:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6829:
6818:Financialexpress
6810:
6804:
6803:
6801:
6799:
6784:
6778:
6777:
6775:
6773:
6758:
6752:
6751:
6749:
6747:
6733:
6727:
6726:
6724:
6722:
6707:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6696:
6681:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6670:
6655:
6649:
6648:
6646:
6644:
6629:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6603:
6597:
6596:
6594:
6592:
6577:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6566:
6552:
6546:
6545:
6543:
6541:
6526:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6512:
6497:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6486:
6471:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6460:
6445:
6439:
6438:
6436:
6434:
6420:
6414:
6413:
6411:
6409:
6394:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6383:
6368:
6362:
6352:
6346:
6338:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6327:
6313:
6307:
6306:
6295:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6284:
6270:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6259:
6244:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6233:
6222:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6211:
6196:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6185:
6166:
6160:
6159:
6149:
6116:
6110:
6109:
6099:
6067:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6053:
6038:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6003:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5992:
5978:
5972:
5971:
5939:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5928:
5916:
5910:
5909:
5877:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5866:
5847:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5836:
5824:
5818:
5817:
5810:
5804:
5803:
5801:
5769:
5763:
5762:
5752:
5712:
5706:
5705:
5695:
5670:(9): 1811–1827.
5655:
5649:
5648:
5608:
5602:
5601:
5583:
5562:December 2019).
5558:
5552:
5551:
5519:
5513:
5512:
5502:
5471:Animal Frontiers
5462:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5433:
5427:
5426:
5416:
5392:
5386:
5385:
5375:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5302:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5255:
5240:Eurosurveillance
5231:
5225:
5224:
5214:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5157:
5109:
5103:
5102:
5092:
5074:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5013:
5007:
5006:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4967:10.1002/smi.1029
4945:
4939:
4938:
4920:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4863:
4846:(6): 1483–1494.
4837:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4811:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4754:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4706:. 7 October 2021
4696:
4690:
4689:
4679:
4653:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4487:
4478:
4477:
4467:
4435:
4426:
4425:
4397:
4388:
4387:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4351:
4342:(3): e156–e162.
4327:
4321:
4320:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4259:
4233:
4224:
4211:
4210:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4177:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4086:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4006:
3996:
3972:
3966:
3948:
3942:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3915:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3805:
3796:
3795:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3676:
3658:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3521:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3482:
3472:
3462:
3430:
3424:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3361:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3319:
3308:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3292:on 16 July 2012.
3281:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:10.3354/cr019193
3088:Climate Research
3085:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3045:
2997:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2971:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2946:
2937:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2852:
2820:
2814:
2795:
2784:
2783:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2430:Atlantic Council
2398:Marine heatwaves
2279:oxidative stress
2240:Pays-de-la-Loire
2076:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2043:
1360:
1350:
1340:French heat wave
1257:low birth weight
1109:Marine heatwaves
1038:. This inhibits
979:
967:
811:
804:
797:
783:
782:
396:Tropical cyclone
308:Dry thunderstorm
203:Tropical seasons
146:
145:
67:upper atmosphere
21:
7885:
7884:
7880:
7879:
7878:
7876:
7875:
7874:
7870:Weather hazards
7835:
7834:
7833:
7828:
7824:Marine heatwave
7792:
7766:
7731:
7640:
7609:
7562:
7451:
7413:
7375:
7294:2017 (Pakistan)
7242:
7226:
7188:
7183:
7153:
7152:
7107:
7103:
7095:
7091:
7081:
7077:
7070:
7056:
7052:
7038:
7034:
7024:
7022:
7021:on 21 June 2006
7009:
7008:
7004:
6994:
6992:
6985:
6981:
6971:
6969:
6962:
6958:
6948:
6946:
6931:
6927:
6917:
6915:
6900:
6893:
6883:
6881:
6876:. 1 June 2024.
6868:
6867:
6863:
6853:
6851:
6841:
6837:
6827:
6825:
6820:. 28 May 2024.
6812:
6811:
6807:
6797:
6795:
6785:
6781:
6771:
6769:
6767:The Japan Times
6759:
6755:
6745:
6743:
6735:
6734:
6730:
6720:
6718:
6708:
6704:
6694:
6692:
6683:
6682:
6678:
6668:
6666:
6656:
6652:
6642:
6640:
6630:
6626:
6616:
6614:
6604:
6600:
6590:
6588:
6579:
6578:
6574:
6564:
6562:
6554:
6553:
6549:
6539:
6537:
6527:
6520:
6510:
6508:
6498:
6494:
6484:
6482:
6472:
6468:
6458:
6456:
6446:
6442:
6432:
6430:
6422:
6421:
6417:
6407:
6405:
6395:
6391:
6381:
6379:
6369:
6365:
6353:
6349:
6339:
6335:
6325:
6323:
6315:
6314:
6310:
6297:
6296:
6292:
6282:
6280:
6272:
6271:
6267:
6257:
6255:
6252:www.cbsnews.com
6246:
6245:
6241:
6231:
6229:
6224:
6223:
6219:
6209:
6207:
6198:
6197:
6193:
6183:
6181:
6167:
6163:
6117:
6113:
6068:
6061:
6051:
6049:
6048:. 19 April 2024
6040:
6039:
6035:
6026:
6024:
6022:
6004:
6000:
5990:
5988:
5980:
5979:
5975:
5940:
5936:
5926:
5924:
5917:
5913:
5878:
5874:
5864:
5862:
5848:
5844:
5834:
5832:
5825:
5821:
5812:
5811:
5807:
5770:
5766:
5713:
5709:
5656:
5652:
5609:
5605:
5559:
5555:
5520:
5516:
5463:
5452:
5442:
5440:
5435:
5434:
5430:
5393:
5389:
5328:
5324:
5314:
5312:
5304:
5303:
5299:
5289:
5287:
5280:
5276:
5266:
5264:
5232:
5228:
5175:
5171:
5110:
5106:
5057:(5): e0177937.
5043:
5039:
5014:
5010:
4979:
4975:
4946:
4942:
4897:
4893:
4835:
4829:
4825:
4792:10.2307/3454704
4772:
4768:
4723:
4719:
4709:
4707:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4654:
4647:
4637:
4635:
4605:
4601:
4591:
4589:
4579:
4575:
4565:
4563:
4553:
4549:
4514:
4510:
4500:
4498:
4488:
4481:
4436:
4429:
4398:
4391:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4328:
4324:
4285:
4281:
4231:
4225:
4214:
4195:
4191:
4154:
4150:
4140:
4138:
4133:. Nlm.nih.gov.
4129:
4128:
4124:
4117:
4103:
4099:
4067:
4063:
4032:
4028:
3973:
3969:
3949:
3945:
3936:
3932:
3924:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3861:
3857:
3806:
3799:
3794:on 8 June 2012.
3786:
3785:
3781:
3770:"Bergwind Info"
3768:
3767:
3763:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3694:
3690:
3627:
3623:
3613:
3611:
3609:Washington Post
3601:
3597:
3557:
3553:
3519:
3513:
3509:
3497:
3495:
3431:
3427:
3407:
3403:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3374:
3372:
3363:
3362:
3355:
3345:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3323:
3321:
3320:on 27 June 2023
3317:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3282:
3278:
3268:
3266:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3246:
3244:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3224:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3177:on 23 July 2008
3169:
3168:
3164:
3157:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3127:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3083:
3077:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3059:
2998:
2991:
2981:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2948:
2947:
2940:
2925:
2921:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2870:
2866:
2821:
2817:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2727:
2676:
2671:
2670:
2633:Southeast Asian
2628:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2592:
2584:
2579:
2578:
2559:Southern France
2542:Edhi Foundation
2492:severe heatwave
2475:Central America
2457:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2411:
2395:
2374:
2358:
2337:
2332:
2316:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2199:
2191:
2175:
2169:
2145:
2140:
2120:
2110:
2089:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2041:
1368:
1365:
1349:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1302:cerebrovascular
1293:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1202:
1194:
1193:
1168:heat exhaustion
1152:
1144:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1100:
1092:
1019:
991:
990:
989:
988:
987:
984:extreme weather
980:
972:
971:
968:
957:
951:
931:heat advisories
919:
888:In Greece, the
871:
866:
815:
777:
772:
771:
747:
739:
738:
597:
587:
586:
499:
489:
488:
477:Ground blizzard
237:
227:
226:
205:
195:
194:
170:
144:
132:extreme weather
100:oceanic climate
53:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7883:
7873:
7872:
7867:
7865:Weather events
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7830:
7829:
7827:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7804:Cooling center
7800:
7798:
7794:
7793:
7791:
7790:
7785:
7780:
7774:
7772:
7768:
7767:
7765:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7743:
7741:
7737:
7736:
7733:
7732:
7730:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7693:
7692:
7687:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7648:
7646:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7638:
7636:1995 (Chicago)
7633:
7628:
7623:
7617:
7615:
7611:
7610:
7608:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7581:
7579:
7572:
7568:
7567:
7564:
7563:
7561:
7560:
7555:
7554:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7535:
7534:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7504:
7503:
7498:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7459:
7457:
7453:
7452:
7450:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7438:
7437:
7435:UK and Ireland
7427:
7421:
7419:
7415:
7414:
7412:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7390:
7388:
7381:
7377:
7376:
7374:
7373:
7368:
7367:
7366:
7364:Southeast Asia
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7338:
7337:
7336:
7331:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7285:
7284:
7279:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7250:
7248:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7240:
7234:
7232:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7193:
7190:
7189:
7182:
7181:
7174:
7167:
7159:
7151:
7150:
7101:
7089:
7075:
7068:
7050:
7032:
7002:
6979:
6956:
6925:
6891:
6861:
6835:
6805:
6779:
6753:
6728:
6702:
6691:. 29 July 2024
6676:
6650:
6624:
6598:
6572:
6547:
6518:
6492:
6466:
6440:
6415:
6389:
6363:
6347:
6333:
6308:
6305:. 26 May 2024.
6290:
6265:
6239:
6217:
6191:
6161:
6132:(4): 306–312.
6111:
6082:(1): 119–145.
6059:
6033:
6020:
5998:
5986:www.nature.com
5973:
5934:
5911:
5872:
5842:
5819:
5805:
5764:
5707:
5650:
5603:
5553:
5514:
5450:
5428:
5387:
5322:
5297:
5286:. HYPEANDHYPER
5274:
5226:
5189:(4): 504–513.
5169:
5104:
5037:
5031:10.3386/w20750
5008:
4989:(1): 577–617.
4973:
4940:
4891:
4861:10.1.1.577.825
4823:
4766:
4717:
4691:
4670:(2): 190–202.
4645:
4599:
4573:
4561:Bloomberg News
4547:
4508:
4479:
4450:(8): 1472–83.
4427:
4389:
4371:
4322:
4279:
4212:
4189:
4148:
4122:
4115:
4097:
4061:
4026:
3967:
3943:
3930:
3902:
3875:(3): 125–161.
3855:
3797:
3779:
3761:
3743:
3729:
3688:
3621:
3595:
3551:
3530:(12): 124003.
3507:
3505:
3504:
3425:
3401:
3382:
3353:
3331:
3295:
3276:
3254:
3232:
3210:
3188:
3162:
3155:
3137:
3115:
3071:
3057:
2989:
2963:
2938:
2919:
2905:
2884:(4): 762–775.
2864:
2815:
2785:
2771:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2726:
2723:
2675:
2672:
2649:climate change
2629:
2621:
2619:
2618:Southeast Asia
2616:
2593:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2566:
2550:
2549:
2534:
2533:
2512:
2511:
2504:
2503:
2496:
2495:
2487:
2486:
2458:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2440:Main article:
2437:
2434:
2410:
2407:
2394:
2391:
2373:
2370:
2357:
2354:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2315:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2200:
2192:
2190:
2189:Farmed animals
2187:
2171:Main article:
2168:
2165:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2109:
2106:
2088:
2085:
2039:Key to colors:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1348:
1345:
1324:
1321:
1298:cardiovascular
1294:
1286:
1273:
1270:
1261:pre-term birth
1249:cardiovascular
1211:co-morbidities
1207:heat illnesses
1203:
1195:
1153:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1124:
1121:
1105:climate change
1101:
1093:
1091:
1090:Climate change
1088:
1018:
1015:
981:
974:
973:
969:
962:
961:
960:
959:
958:
953:Main article:
950:
947:
918:
915:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
860:
853:
834:
817:
816:
814:
813:
806:
799:
791:
788:
787:
774:
773:
770:
769:
764:
759:
757:Climate change
754:
748:
745:
744:
741:
740:
737:
736:
731:
726:
725:
724:
723:
722:
717:
712:
704:
699:
692:Severe weather
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
668:
667:
662:
652:
651:
650:
640:
635:
634:
633:
628:
623:
618:
610:
609:
604:
598:
593:
592:
589:
588:
585:
584:
583:
582:
577:
572:
567:
557:
552:
551:
550:
540:
535:
530:
529:
528:
526:Megacryometeor
518:
513:
512:
511:
500:
495:
494:
491:
490:
487:
486:
485:
484:
479:
474:
469:
459:
454:
449:
444:
443:
442:
432:
431:
430:
425:
415:
410:
409:
408:
403:
393:
388:
387:
386:
381:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
345:
344:
339:
334:
324:
323:
322:
312:
311:
310:
305:
300:
290:
289:
288:
278:
277:
276:
271:
266:
256:
255:
254:
249:
238:
233:
232:
229:
228:
225:
224:
219:
218:
217:
206:
201:
200:
197:
196:
193:
192:
187:
182:
177:
171:
166:
165:
162:
161:
155:
154:
143:
140:
126:in areas with
104:climate change
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7882:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7842:
7840:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7801:
7799:
7795:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7775:
7773:
7771:South America
7769:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7752:2000s drought
7750:
7748:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7738:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7682:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7649:
7647:
7643:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7618:
7616:
7612:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7600:1934 and 1935
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7582:
7580:
7576:
7573:
7571:North America
7569:
7559:
7556:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7538:
7536:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7518:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7493:
7491:
7489:
7488:2014 (Sweden)
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7454:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7436:
7433:
7432:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7416:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7391:
7389:
7385:
7382:
7378:
7372:
7369:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7326:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7274:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7245:
7239:
7236:
7235:
7233:
7229:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7194:
7191:
7187:
7180:
7175:
7173:
7168:
7166:
7161:
7160:
7157:
7146:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7120:
7116:
7112:
7105:
7098:
7093:
7086:
7085:
7079:
7071:
7069:9780226443218
7065:
7061:
7054:
7047:
7043:
7042:
7036:
7020:
7016:
7012:
7006:
6990:
6983:
6967:
6960:
6944:
6940:
6936:
6929:
6913:
6909:
6905:
6898:
6896:
6879:
6875:
6871:
6865:
6850:
6846:
6839:
6823:
6819:
6815:
6809:
6794:
6790:
6783:
6768:
6764:
6757:
6742:
6738:
6732:
6717:
6716:Bloomberg.com
6713:
6706:
6690:
6686:
6680:
6665:
6661:
6654:
6639:
6635:
6628:
6613:
6609:
6602:
6586:
6582:
6576:
6561:
6557:
6551:
6536:
6532:
6525:
6523:
6507:
6503:
6496:
6481:
6477:
6470:
6455:
6451:
6444:
6429:
6425:
6419:
6404:
6400:
6393:
6378:
6374:
6367:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6351:
6345:
6344:
6337:
6322:
6318:
6312:
6304:
6300:
6294:
6279:
6275:
6269:
6254:. 28 May 2024
6253:
6249:
6243:
6227:
6221:
6205:
6201:
6195:
6180:
6176:
6172:
6165:
6157:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6139:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6123:
6115:
6107:
6103:
6098:
6097:11250/3095845
6093:
6089:
6085:
6081:
6077:
6073:
6066:
6064:
6047:
6043:
6037:
6023:
6017:
6013:
6009:
6002:
5987:
5983:
5977:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5938:
5922:
5915:
5907:
5903:
5899:
5895:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5876:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5846:
5830:
5823:
5815:
5809:
5800:
5795:
5791:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5768:
5760:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5711:
5703:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5685:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5654:
5646:
5642:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5607:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5557:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5525:
5518:
5510:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5455:
5438:
5432:
5424:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5401:Harmful Algae
5398:
5391:
5383:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5326:
5311:
5307:
5301:
5285:
5278:
5263:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5230:
5222:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5180:
5173:
5165:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5108:
5100:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5041:
5032:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5012:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4977:
4968:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4944:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4895:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4840:Risk Analysis
4834:
4827:
4819:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4786:(5): 463–70.
4785:
4781:
4777:
4770:
4762:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4721:
4705:
4701:
4695:
4687:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4652:
4650:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4603:
4588:
4584:
4577:
4562:
4558:
4551:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4512:
4497:
4493:
4486:
4484:
4475:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4434:
4432:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4405:
4396:
4394:
4385:
4384:NIHR Evidence
4381:
4375:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4326:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4283:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4258:
4257:10278/3746207
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4193:
4185:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4168:(4): 351–61.
4167:
4163:
4159:
4152:
4136:
4132:
4126:
4118:
4116:0-07-138875-3
4112:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4065:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4030:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4005:
4004:10044/1/97290
4000:
3995:
3990:
3987:(1): 012001.
3986:
3982:
3978:
3971:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3940:
3934:
3923:
3919:
3912:
3906:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3804:
3802:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3775:
3771:
3765:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3739:
3733:
3724:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3692:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3625:
3610:
3606:
3603:Henson, Bob.
3599:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3555:
3546:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3494:
3490:
3485:News report:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3429:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3341:
3335:
3316:
3312:
3305:
3299:
3291:
3287:
3280:
3264:
3258:
3242:
3236:
3220:
3214:
3198:
3192:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3158:
3156:9781878220493
3152:
3148:
3141:
3125:
3119:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3067:
3061:
3053:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2996:
2994:
2977:
2970:
2968:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2923:
2915:
2909:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2781:
2775:
2767:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2674:United States
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2626:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2590:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2399:
2390:
2387:
2382:
2380:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2314:Power outages
2311:
2298:
2294:
2293:immune system
2290:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2230:. During the
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2204:
2197:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2156:
2149:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2048: Caution
2040:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1857:
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1303:
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1262:
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1242:
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1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1087:
1084:
1083:soil moisture
1081:The level of
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1036:adiabatically
1031:
1029:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1003:
995:
985:
978:
966:
956:
946:
943:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
917:Other regions
914:
911:
906:
904:
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762:Tornado terms
760:
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749:
743:
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721:
720:United States
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619:
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613:
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603:
602:Air pollution
600:
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497:Precipitation
493:
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93:
88:
84:
80:
76:
68:
64:
59:
55:
51:
47:
40:
33:
19:
7814:Hyperthermia
7645:2000–present
7456:2000–present
7359:Saudi Arabia
7319:2022 (Japan)
7309:2022 (China)
7289:2016 (India)
7254:2002 (India)
7185:
7118:
7114:
7104:
7092:
7082:
7078:
7059:
7053:
7045:
7039:
7035:
7023:. Retrieved
7019:the original
7014:
7005:
6993:. Retrieved
6982:
6970:. Retrieved
6959:
6947:. Retrieved
6938:
6928:
6916:. Retrieved
6907:
6882:. Retrieved
6873:
6864:
6852:. Retrieved
6848:
6838:
6826:. Retrieved
6817:
6808:
6796:. Retrieved
6792:
6782:
6770:. Retrieved
6766:
6756:
6744:. Retrieved
6740:
6731:
6719:. Retrieved
6715:
6705:
6693:. Retrieved
6688:
6679:
6667:. Retrieved
6663:
6653:
6641:. Retrieved
6637:
6627:
6615:. Retrieved
6611:
6601:
6589:. Retrieved
6585:The Guardian
6584:
6575:
6563:. Retrieved
6559:
6550:
6538:. Retrieved
6534:
6509:. Retrieved
6505:
6495:
6483:. Retrieved
6479:
6469:
6457:. Retrieved
6453:
6443:
6431:. Retrieved
6427:
6418:
6406:. Retrieved
6402:
6392:
6380:. Retrieved
6376:
6366:
6360:
6357:
6350:
6342:
6336:
6324:. Retrieved
6320:
6311:
6302:
6293:
6281:. Retrieved
6277:
6268:
6256:. Retrieved
6251:
6242:
6230:. Retrieved
6220:
6208:. Retrieved
6204:the original
6194:
6182:. Retrieved
6164:
6129:
6125:
6114:
6079:
6075:
6050:. Retrieved
6045:
6036:
6025:, retrieved
6011:
6001:
5989:. Retrieved
5985:
5976:
5951:
5947:
5937:
5925:. Retrieved
5914:
5889:
5885:
5875:
5863:. Retrieved
5855:
5845:
5833:. Retrieved
5822:
5808:
5781:
5777:
5767:
5724:
5720:
5710:
5667:
5663:
5653:
5620:
5616:
5606:
5571:
5567:
5556:
5531:
5527:
5517:
5477:(1): 26–31.
5474:
5470:
5443:24 September
5441:. Retrieved
5431:
5404:
5400:
5390:
5339:
5335:
5325:
5313:. Retrieved
5309:
5300:
5288:. Retrieved
5277:
5265:. Retrieved
5243:
5239:
5229:
5186:
5182:
5172:
5124:(1): 23792.
5121:
5117:
5107:
5054:
5050:
5040:
5021:
5011:
4986:
4982:
4976:
4957:
4953:
4943:
4908:
4904:
4894:
4843:
4839:
4826:
4783:
4779:
4769:
4734:
4730:
4720:
4708:. Retrieved
4703:
4694:
4667:
4661:
4636:. Retrieved
4616:
4612:
4602:
4590:. Retrieved
4586:
4576:
4564:. Retrieved
4560:
4550:
4528:(2): 171–8.
4525:
4521:
4511:
4499:. Retrieved
4495:
4447:
4443:
4413:
4409:
4403:
4383:
4374:
4339:
4335:
4325:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4239:
4235:
4202:
4192:
4165:
4161:
4151:
4139:. Retrieved
4125:
4106:
4100:
4074:
4070:
4064:
4039:
4035:
4029:
3984:
3980:
3970:
3950:IPCC, 2021:
3946:
3937:IPCC, 2013:
3933:
3917:
3905:
3872:
3868:
3858:
3817:
3813:
3792:the original
3782:
3774:the original
3764:
3756:the original
3752:"Heat Index"
3746:
3738:"Heat Index"
3732:
3705:
3701:
3691:
3638:
3634:
3624:
3612:. Retrieved
3608:
3598:
3565:
3561:
3554:
3527:
3523:
3510:
3496:. Retrieved
3492:
3442:
3438:
3428:
3408:IPCC, 2021:
3404:
3385:
3373:. Retrieved
3369:the original
3344:. Retrieved
3334:
3322:. Retrieved
3315:the original
3298:
3290:the original
3279:
3267:. Retrieved
3257:
3245:. Retrieved
3235:
3223:. Retrieved
3213:
3201:. Retrieved
3191:
3179:. Retrieved
3175:the original
3165:
3146:
3140:
3128:. Retrieved
3118:
3091:
3087:
3074:
3060:
3009:
3005:
2980:. Retrieved
2954:. Retrieved
2936:25 July 2023
2931:
2922:
2913:
2908:
2881:
2877:
2867:
2832:
2828:
2818:
2774:
2760:
2719:
2716:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2637:Heat indices
2630:
2594:
2483:forest fires
2423:
2419:solar energy
2412:
2396:
2383:
2375:
2362:mid-latitude
2359:
2338:
2317:
2308:
2283:antioxidants
2268:catabolizing
2244:
2209:
2176:
2157:
2154:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2102:
2090:
2078:
2066: Danger
2038:
1337:
1330:
1326:
1295:
1282:NWS HeatRisk
1281:
1233:hyperthermia
1204:
1172:heat syncope
1156:Heat illness
1154:
1149:Heat illness
1102:
1080:
1064:Western Cape
1061:
1053:
1048:low pressure
1032:
1020:
1004:
1000:
949:Observations
939:
920:
907:
895:
887:
882:
874:
872:
856:
837:
830:
820:
676:
538:Diamond dust
462:Winter storm
293:Thunderstorm
120:hyperthermia
116:
108:
86:
83:extreme heat
82:
78:
74:
72:
54:
7707:2021 (West)
7657:2001 (East)
7595:1911 (East)
7590:1901 (East)
7585:1896 (East)
7578:Before 1950
7387:Before 1950
6874:India Today
6689:Le Monde.fr
6560:www.bbc.com
6232:2 September
6210:2 September
5927:4 September
5784:: 256–270.
5342:(1): 5807.
4960:(1): 3–15.
4737:: 220–223.
4710:4 September
3820:(21): n/a.
3614:15 November
3445:(1): 3851.
3094:: 193–212.
3012:(1): 5807.
2645:Philippines
2553:During the
2297:vaccination
2272:antioxidant
2248:respiratory
2220:heat cramps
2212:heat stroke
1229:heat stroke
1225:heat stress
1180:heat cramps
1164:heat stroke
1132:Heat stroke
752:Meteorology
687:Meteorology
575:Snow roller
570:Snow grains
533:Ice pellets
482:Snow squall
413:Storm surge
359:Anticyclone
315:Mesocyclone
303:Thundersnow
252:Arcus cloud
142:Definitions
39:Heat stroke
7860:Torridness
7845:Heat waves
7839:Categories
7546:Heat waves
7231:Antarctica
7186:Heat waves
6968:. Ecowatch
6321:Al Jazeera
6278:Al Jazeera
6184:8 February
5892:: 100563.
5623:: 94–102.
5574:: 135996.
5407:: 101591.
5267:14 January
5246:(7): 3–4.
4501:20 January
4410:The Lancet
4236:The Lancet
3568:: 1330–9.
3375:17 January
3263:"Glossary"
2978:. phys.org
2956:9 February
2752:References
2708:hurricanes
2601:dry season
2181:region of
2081:heat index
1357:heat index
1176:heat edema
1113:cold waves
1040:convection
1028:jet stream
910:Met Office
883:varmebølge
746:Glossaries
682:Jet stream
621:Convection
607:Atmosphere
555:Cloudburst
418:Dust storm
384:Nor'easter
354:Fire whirl
349:Dust devil
342:Waterspout
269:Heat burst
264:Microburst
222:Wet season
210:Dry season
46:Heat Waves
32:heat burst
7621:1980 (US)
7614:1950–1999
7483:2013 (UK)
7447:1995 (UK)
7442:1990 (UK)
7425:1955 (UK)
7418:1950–1999
7409:1911 (UK)
7404:1906 (UK)
7399:July 1757
7269:2013 haze
7015:About.com
6995:22 August
6664:Bloomberg
6612:Bloomberg
6179:0362-4331
6156:1758-6798
6106:1941-1405
5968:1476-4687
5906:2212-0947
5645:201204108
5598:209447429
5491:2160-6056
5423:1568-9883
5364:2041-1723
5203:2196-5412
5146:2045-2322
5081:1932-6203
4935:251954370
4927:1756-1833
4911:: o2107.
4856:CiteSeerX
4761:241577645
4358:2542-5196
4295:(4): 22.
4274:239046862
4021:250134589
4013:2752-5295
3897:0012-8252
3842:0094-8276
3665:0027-8424
3498:21 August
3034:2041-1723
2731:Cold wave
2712:tornadoes
2696:lightning
2605:Rajasthan
2465:impacted
2421:is used.
2346:farmlands
2335:Wildfires
2228:heatwaves
1272:Mortality
1245:pregnancy
1184:heat rash
923:Northeast
875:hedebølge
677:Heat wave
672:Cold wave
616:Chemistry
467:Ice storm
457:Firestorm
369:Polar low
337:Landspout
320:Supercell
281:Lightning
259:Downburst
215:Harmattan
149:Part of
124:wildfires
87:heat wave
75:heat wave
18:Heatwaves
7551:Cerberus
7354:Pakistan
7334:Pakistan
7282:Pakistan
7145:14594620
6949:29 April
6943:Archived
6912:Archived
6878:Archived
6822:Archived
6772:3 August
6746:3 August
6741:phys.org
6428:phys.org
6052:19 April
6027:26 April
5991:19 April
5759:30368680
5702:35821443
5637:31445399
5590:31865090
5548:28040271
5509:32002236
5382:34608159
5262:29208081
5221:29080073
5164:27029386
5099:28520817
5051:PLOS ONE
5003:17657019
4886:25784074
4878:16506977
4818:11401757
4686:12762092
4633:38890517
4592:9 August
4566:3 August
4542:18241810
4474:27151892
4366:38453381
4309:29574605
4266:34687662
4207:Archived
4184:24140191
4135:Archived
4093:29122837
4056:15163570
3922:Archived
3850:53668167
3683:34607944
3590:27418520
3479:35788585
3395:Archived
3052:34608159
2859:15310900
2799:Glossary
2725:See also
2287:chromium
2252:sweating
2236:Brittany
1160:exertion
1076:bergwind
844:(9
831:heatwave
829:defines
548:Freezing
509:Freezing
472:Blizzard
151:a series
96:humidity
79:heatwave
7797:Related
7740:Oceania
7541:Drought
7531:Drought
7136:1241712
7025:27 July
6972:19 July
6884:30 June
6854:29 June
6849:Reuters
6828:29 June
6798:14 June
6721:29 July
6695:29 July
6669:27 June
6643:27 June
6617:20 June
6591:25 June
6565:25 June
6540:19 June
6511:19 June
6485:20 June
6459:18 June
6433:21 June
6408:18 June
6403:Reuters
6382:14 June
6303:Reuters
6120:2019).
6046:Animals
5865:28 July
5835:16 June
5786:Bibcode
5750:6244856
5729:Bibcode
5693:9418108
5672:Bibcode
5500:6951873
5373:8490455
5344:Bibcode
5315:15 July
5290:15 July
5212:5676805
5155:4815017
5126:Bibcode
5090:5433771
5059:Bibcode
4848:Bibcode
4809:1240305
4800:3454704
4739:Bibcode
4638:27 June
4465:4974898
4317:4440737
4141:10 July
3877:Bibcode
3822:Bibcode
3710:Bibcode
3674:8521713
3643:Bibcode
3570:Bibcode
3532:Bibcode
3470:9253148
3447:Bibcode
3346:17 July
3324:26 June
3269:17 July
3225:17 July
3203:17 July
3181:18 July
3130:1 April
3096:Bibcode
3043:8490455
3014:Bibcode
2982:15 July
2886:Bibcode
2837:Bibcode
2829:Science
2663:Myanmar
2653:El Niño
2643:in the
2563:England
2546:Karachi
2417:unless
2260:ketosis
2242:alone.
2216:syncope
2179:Mulanje
1314:Karachi
1186:, heat
1062:In the
929:issues
898:De Bilt
702:Extreme
648:Physics
638:Climate
626:Physics
516:Graupel
504:Drizzle
452:Sirocco
435:Monsoon
406:Typhoon
364:Cyclone
327:Tornado
274:Derecho
159:Weather
128:drought
92:climate
65:in the
7690:Summer
7521:Europe
7501:Europe
7380:Europe
7143:
7133:
7066:
6918:26 May
6283:29 May
6258:29 May
6177:
6154:
6104:
6018:
5966:
5948:Nature
5904:
5757:
5747:
5700:
5690:
5643:
5635:
5596:
5588:
5546:
5507:
5497:
5489:
5421:
5380:
5370:
5362:
5260:
5219:
5209:
5201:
5162:
5152:
5144:
5097:
5087:
5079:
5001:
4933:
4925:
4884:
4876:
4858:
4816:
4806:
4798:
4759:
4684:
4631:
4613:Nature
4540:
4472:
4462:
4404:Lancet
4364:
4356:
4315:
4307:
4272:
4264:
4182:
4113:
4091:
4077:(11),
4054:
4019:
4011:
3954:. In:
3895:
3848:
3840:
3681:
3671:
3663:
3588:
3477:
3467:
3412:. In:
3247:26 May
3153:
3050:
3040:
3032:
2857:
2801:. In:
2710:, and
2704:floods
2659:dengue
2526:Kuwait
2473:, and
2469:, the
2467:Mexico
2393:Oceans
2356:Floods
2275:enzyme
2264:ketone
2183:Malawi
2116:, and
2093:stress
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